Mero Nepali Class 3

cEof;

!= tnsf zAb k9/] ;g' fpm M

jif{ ;fx|} lsGg] k|:tfj hDsfe6] 5\jfnL

k¥of] dl" t{ n:s/ Clifdl' g l5lKkg' rsdGg

@= dflysf] syf kfnk} fnf] k9]/ ;'gfpm .

#= tnsf afs;af6 ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

k|:tfj lrofpg' 5\jfnL l5lKkg' hDsfe]6

cy{ zAb

-s_ hf} jf ux“s' f] gn ++++++++++ ++++++++++++++

-v_ sg' } sfd ug{ Psn] csf;{ u“

u/s] f] s/' f ++++++++ ++++++++++++++++

-u_ PsfPs ePsf] e6] ++++++++++++++ ++++++++++

-3_ ns' ]/ x]g{' ++++++++++++++++++++++ +

-ª_ w/] } ;dosf] xg' ' +++++++++++++++++++++++ +

46 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

$= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M cy{
nfd
zAb le8
-s_ 3O' r“ f] crDd
-v_ rsdGg ;g' ;fg
-u_ wfs] f] OR5f
-3_ n:s/
-ª_ cfZro{

%= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pbfx/0f M
dgfpg' M a9" fa"9Ln] gof“ jif{ dgfP .

afW“ g' km' sfpg' yfNg' lsGg' ;G' g' ;g' fpg'

^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ a9" fn] gof“ jif{ s;/L dgfpg] ljrf/ u¥of] <

-v_ ;x/df s]sf] 3'O“rf] lyof] <

-u_ a9" f] lsg lg/fz eof] <

-3_ a9" fn] s;/L lhhfp] ;fdfsf dl" tx{ ¿kl| t bof bv] fof] <

-ª_ a9" L lsg v;' L eO{ <

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 47

-r_ lhhfp] ;fdfn] a9" fa9" LnfO{ s;/L ;xofu] u/] <

&= syfsf jfSox¿ jm| d ldnfP/ nv] M

-s_ ltdLn] c;fWo} /fdf| ] sfd u/5] f} .

-v_ lhhfp] df;fsf ;ftc} f6] f dl" tx{ ¿ lx8“ \g yfn] .

-u_ pgLx¿sf b}nfcufl8 k};f, rfdn, df5f, df;',
kmnkm" n cflbsf] y'kf| ] lyof] .

-3_ xfdL;u“ ePsf] bfp/f afs] ]/ d ;x/ hfG5' .

-ª_ pgLx¿n] cf–cfÇgf] ;fdfg ;f6f;f6 u/] .

*= ltdLn] hfgs] f] Pp6f syf ;g' fpm .

(= tnsf] r6' \lsnf k9 / ae' m M

Pp6f dflg; xf6] ndf uP5 . p;n] xf6] ndf lkhf
-Ps ks| f/sf] /f6] L_ agfpg nufP5 . lkhf kfs]kl5
sfdbf/n] ;fw] 5] , æxh/' , lkhf slt 6j' |mf kf//] sf6f“} <
cf7 6'jm| f ls afx| <Æ
p;n] a8f] km' tL;{ fy eg5] , æcf7 6j' |mf kf/, afx| 6j' |mf
vfO;ls“bg} .Æ

48 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

!)= tnsf] ze' sfdgf k9 / cfÇgf] ;fyLnfO{ klg To:t}
ze' sfdgf kq agfP/ bp] m M

ze' sfdgf kq

>L sdnk;| fb lnDa"
lkmlbd, kfr“ y/

gof“ jif{ @)^% sf] pknIodf
;v' , zflGt / ku| ltsf nflu

ze' sfdgf JoSt ub5{ ' .

tf/fbj] L dxtf/f, hD' nf

!!= ltdL gof“ jif{ s;/L dgfp“5f,} nv] .
!@= ltdLnfO{ dg k/]sf] syf sIffdf ;'gfpm .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 49

kf7 ( v/] gkmfnf“}

xfdLnfO{ w/] } s/' f rflxG5g\ . tLdWo] vfgs] '/f, k;} f, zlSt
/ ;do dV' o xg' \ . ca oL kT| os] sf af/d] f sx] L s/' f hfgf“} .

vfgs] /' f

vfgs] '/f gvfO{ xfdL af“Rg
;Sb}gf}“ . vfg]s/' fdf eft, bfn,
t/sf/L / c¿ w/] } s/' f k5g{ \ .
vfgs] '/f kmnfpgsf nflu w/] }
ldlxgt] rflxG5 . ;;+ f/df
lbglbg} dflg; ylkb“ } 5g\ .
dflg; ylkPcg;' f/ vfgs] /' f
kmnfpg ;lsGg . To;n} ] s;n} ] 6Gg vfg kfp5“ g,\ s;n} ]
vfg} kfpb“ }gg\ .

ltdLx¿n] slt ef]sf dfG5] klg b]vs] f 5f} . sltko b]zdf
t vfg gkfP/ so} f“} dfG5] lbglbg} dl//xs] f xG' 5g\ . To;n} ]
vfg ;Sg] hlt dfq cfkm" n] lngk' 5{ . h7' f] xfln;sk] l5
‘vfg dg nfug] ’ eg/] ldNsfpg' xb“' }g . PsPs yfk] f kfgL
hDdf ubf{ w/] } kfgL xG' 5 . PsPs u8] f cGg hDdf ubf{
yk' }| esf/L el/G5 . To;n} ] xfdLn] PsPs u8] f u//] cGg
hDdf u¥of}“ eg] To;n] w/] } hgfnfO{ k'U5 . xfdLn] vfgs] '/f
slxNo} v/] kmfNg' xb“' }g .

50 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

k;} f d66\ Ltn]

vfgs] /' f lsGg, nu' fkmf6f] xfNg / 51
cfi} fwL ug{ k;} f rflxG5 . To;}
u/L c¿ w/] } s/' fsf nflu klg
k;} f geO{ xb“' g} . cfjZos k/s] f
j]nfdf dfq k;} f vr{ ugk{' 5{ .
To;n} ] grflxg] jn] fdf k;} f v/]
kmfNg' xb“' }g .

zlSt

cfw'lgs lsl;daf6 sfd ugs{ f
nflu zlSt rflxG5 . o:tf]
zlStnfO{ xfdL pmhf{ eG5f“} .
d66\ Ltn] , k6] f« ]n, lahn' L, ;o" s{ f]
tfk, bfp/f cflbaf6 pmhf{
lg:sG5 . pmhfa{ f6 vfgf ksfpg,]
aQL afNg,] dl] ;gx¿ rnfpg]
cflb sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . To;n} ]
o:tf lrh v/] kmfNg' x“'bg} ,
lognfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{k' 5{ .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

;do

xfdf| ] hLjgdf ;dosf] klg 7n" f]
dxŒj 5 . ;do lalt/xG5
o;nfO{ s;}n] /f]s]/ /fl] s“bg} ,
5s] ]/ klg 5l] sb“ }g . lalt;ss] f]
;do kms{/] cfpb“ }g . To;n} ]
;do v/] kmfNg' xb“' }g . ugk{' g{]
sfd 7Ls ;dodf ug'k{ 5{ .
cf/fd ug{] ;dodf cf/fd
ugk{' 5{ . sg' } g sg' } sfd ul//xgk' 5{ . cN5L dfg/]
al;/xo\ f] eg] ;dodf sfd x“b' }g, clg b'Mv kfOG5 . 7Ls
tl/sfn] ;dosf] ko| fu] ug{ ;sd] f xfdL c;n dfG5] aG5f“} .

cEof;

!= tnsf zAb k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

afR“ g' kT| os] 6Gg ldNsfpg' pmhf{
zlSt k]6«f]n d6\6Lt]n cN5L dxŒj

@= tnsf cy{ k9 / tL cy;{ u“ ldNg] zAb kf7df vfh] /] nv] M

-s_ pAhfpg' +++++++++++++++++++++++++

-v_ vfg yfns] f] vfgs] /' f +++++++++++++++++++++++++

52 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

-u_ tn] , lahn' L, ;o" s{ f] tfkaf6 kfOg] zlSt + + + + + + + + + + + +

-3_ /fdf| ;] “u ul/Psf] pkofu] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-ª_ ysfO dfg{' +++++++++++++++++++++++++

-r_ rfo] faf6 ags] f] cGg /fVg] ef8“ f] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

#= z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M

-s_ v/r, ;G;f/, cf;} lw, u/o\ f,“} dxTj, bv' , ;flGt, ;o' {]

-v_ vn] g] ;dPdf vN] gk' /5

-u_ xfdLnfO{ tn] dl§tn] / bfp/f rflxG5

$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ af“Rgsf nflu rflxg] dV' o d'Vo s/' f ss] ] xg' \ <

-v_ xfdLn] lsg vfgs] '/f v/] kmfNg' xb“' g} <

-u_ sg' sg' sfd ug{ pmhf{ rflxG5 <

-3_ xfdL s;/L c;n dfG5] aG5f“} <

-ª_ of] kf7 k9/] ltdLn] s] l;Sof} <

%= Ps 5fsdf Ps uf;“ vfgs] /' f 5f8] b\ f Ps jifd{ f slt uf;“

vfgs] /' f v/] hfnf / o;n] slt 5fs vfg kU' nf, 5nkmn

u/ .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 53

^= lzIfsn] egs] f] ;g' /] nv] M

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ tnsf h:tf c¿ jfSo ;g' fP/ nV] g nufpgx' f;] \ / ;ae} Gbf /fdf| ]
nV] gn] fO{ :ofaf;L lbgx' f;] \ .

vfgs] /' f v/] kmfNg' x“'b}g .

&= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 ldNg] jfSo agfP/ nv] M

/fd ;fyLx¿ hfG5f“} .
/ ljBfno hfG5g\ .

xl/ d

*= ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] vfgs] '/fsf] j0fg{ u/ .

(= tnsf sf7] ]kbaf6 vfgs] '/fsf gfd vfh] ]/ nv] M

/f] kL h' gf / c ef t

sf] 6L df ;' :of hf ;' /

cf n' a] t] p / Gt sf

vL b" bf n c d nf /L

/ w s e 6 df ; ;f

s] df] lr l3 v 5f u kf

/f df] lh p s' /f p gL

gf ; kf tL /f u b xL

54 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

kf7 !) g]kfnL

— rGbk| ;| fb Gofk} fg]

lxdfnrn' L lz/ d/] f] sNn] ;S5 5g' <
uLt ufp5“ ' gk] fnLsf] gk] fnL g} xg'
:jfledfgL zflGtkd]| L d/] f] klxrfg
efjgfsf] :jR5 d t a4' d/] f] gfd .

xf/L efu] ;fdf| Ho tL xf/“] dn} ] stf <
pt} kms{ k/bz] L vs' '/L x“' d tf ¤
sfb] fnLsf] la“8 d]/f] /fOkmnsf] gfn
kl;gfsf] vt] L d/] f] hLjgsf] 9fn .

:jfledfgL sf] 5 egL ljZjdfem ;f]w]
gk] fnL g} k?' iffyL{ lgikIf e} afn] ] .
gk] fnLs} lglDt n85\ ' gk] fnLs} ug'
cfk“m} n] g} hfgs] f] 5' :jfledfgL x'g .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 55

cEof; a4'

!= tnsf hf8] L zAb z4' ;u“ k9/] ;g' fpm M

5g' gfn zflGt la8“

x'g 9fn jm| flGt lu“8 z4'

@= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

lz/ kl/ro

klxrfg ;kmf

:jfledfgL zflGt rfxg]

zflGtkd]| L 6fpsf]

:jR5 cfkm" df uf/} j ug]{

;fd|fHo kf/} vL

gfn kIfkft gug{]

9fn 7n" f] /fHo

k?' iffyL{ gnL

lgikIf zqs' f] kx| f/ 5S] g ko| fu] ul/g] sjr

56 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ gk] fnLn] lsg gk] fnLsf] uLt ufPsf] xf] <

-v_ gk] fnsf] klxrfg s] xf] <

-u_ gk] fnLsf] vt] L s] xf] <

-3_ gk] fnL s:tf s:tf 5g\ <

-ª_ gk] fnLn] s] xg' hfgs] f] 5 <

%= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M ljZj

lxdrn' L efjgf la8“ u'g

^= tnsf x/km sfkLdf ;f/ M

sf]bfnLsf] la“8 d]/f] /fOkmnsf] gfn
kl;gfsf] vt] L d/] f] hLjgsf] 9fn

&= tnsf] ufpv“ fg] sljtf k9 / To;sf] pQ/ vfh] M 57

emg\ hlt tf5\of,] emg\ plt 7"nf] bl] vG5 a9s] f]
gtf5;] Dd h:tfsf] t:t} Tof] xG' 5 /xs] f]
s] xfn] f To:tf] < sg' rflx“ j:t' < elgbp] m dnfO{
gegb] ]lv d} elglbG5' ufp“ bp] m dnfO{ .

— bj} 1/fh Gofk} fg]

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

*= tnsf vfnL 7fp“df ldNg] zAb e//] sljtf agfpm /
sIffdf ;g' fpm M

afns xfdL + + + + + + + + + + + + sfl] knf sfO] nL hf]l;nf

kmN' g' 5 + + + + + + + + + + + + k"mne“m} xf]nL rdn] L ef]ln

+ + + + + + + + + + + + xfdf| ] eljio psfnf] pHofnf] ;'gf}nf]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + df k'Ug] p2]Zo nIo lzv/ :s'n

snd af]S5' + + + + + + + + + + + + nfO{ d]6\g vf]Kg n]Vg

+ + + + + + + + + + + + afS] 5' k9g\ nfO{ k:' ts sf]bfnf] la/fnf]

vfH] g] 5' + + + + + + + + + + vN] gnfO{ kf6L aftL ;fyL

rfNg] 5' kfOnf] + + + + + + + + nfO{ r9g\ a9g\ /f]Sg

(= tnsf] /fli6o« ufg sIffdf ;g' fpm M

;of}“ yu'“ f k"mnsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf gk] fnL d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #
;fj{ef}d eO{ km} lnPsf dr] L dxfsfnL
ks| l[ tsf sfl] 6sf]l6 ;Dkbfsf] cf“rn
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n
1fge"ld, zflGte"ld, t/fO{, kxf8, lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfd|f] dfte[ "ld gk] fn
ax'n hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt 5g\ ljzfn
cuu| fdL /fi6« xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

58

kf7 !! dxfslj bj] sf6] f

efOalxgL xf] ¤ ltdLx¿n]
nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] fsf] gfd
;g' s] f] xg' ;S5 . pgL gk] fnL
;flxTosf dxfslj xg' \ . pgL
lj=;=+ !(^^, sflQs @& ut]
hGds] f xg' \ . pgsf afas' f] gfd
ltndfwj b]jsf6] f xf] . cfdfsf]
gfd rflx“ cd//fHonIdL
bj] sf6] f xf] . nIdLk;| fb
bj] sf6] fsf] vf; gfd tLyd{ fwj
bj] sf6] f xf] . pgL hGds] f] lbg
nIdLkh" f k/s] f] lyof] . nIdLkh" fsf lbg hGds] fn] pgsf]
gfd nIdLk;| fb /flvPsf] xf] . dflysf] lrq ltg} dxfslj
bj] sf6] fsf] xf] .

bj] sf6] fn] ;fgb} l] v sljtf n]Vg yfns] f lyP . b; jifs{ }
pd/] df pgn] ‘OZ{ j/’ zLifs{ df Pp6f sljtf n]vs] f lyP .
of] sljtf ;g' ]/ u?' x¿n] pgsf] va' } kz| +;f u/] . o;af6
pT;flxt eP/ pgn] c¿ klg w/] } sljtf nv] ] . pgL
g]kfnsf ;ae} Gbf 7n" f slj klg ag] .

‘dg' fdbg’ ;a}n] dg k/fPsf] lstfa xf] . o;sf sljtf
uLth:t} ufpg ;lsg] 5g\ . o;df b]jsf6] fn] ædflg; 7"nf]
lbnn] xG' 5, hftn] xb“' }g .Æ egs] f 5g\ . pgnfO{ dg' fdbg

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 59

lstfa dg kYof{] . dg{] jn] fdf pgn] æd/] f c¿ lstfa
hnfOlbP klg xG' 5 t/ dg' fdbg rflx“ ghnfOlbgÆ" egs] f
lyP . of] lstfa w/] }n] k95\ g\ .

o; lstfadf elgPsf] 5 M
xftsf dn} f ;g' sf yn} f s] ug{' wgn]
;fu / l;:g' vfPsf] a;] cfgGbL dgn] .

bj] sf6] f ;w“} sljtf nl] v/xGy] . pgL sfddf ljZjf; uy{] .
pgL wgL ul/a ;an} fO{ ;dfg 7fGy] . ul/a dflg;nfO{
b]Vbf pgsf] dgdf bof hfu]/ cfpY“ of] . To:tf dflg;nfO{
pgL cfkm" ;u“ ePsf lrh lbP/ ;xofu] uy{] . pgL cToGt
pbf/ lyP . pgL cfÇgf] tna;dt] c¿nfO{ af8“ y\ ] . pgsf
sljtfdf bM' vLnfO{ ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ eGg] efj kfOG5 .

sljtfafxs] pgn] lgaGw klg nv] ]sf 5g\ . pgsf lgaGw
klg sljtfh:t} /fdf| 5g\ . bj] sf6] fn] gk] fnL efiffdf yk' }|
lstfa nv] ]/ xfdLnfO{ ug' nufPsf 5g\ .

w/] } /fd|f sljtf / lgaGw nV] g] bj] sf6] f clxn] xfdL;u“
5}gg\ . lj=;=+ @)!^ df pgsf] dT[ o' eof] . pgL d//] uP
klg xfdL pgnfO{ ;lDem/xG5f“} . xfdf| nflu pgL la;g{
g;lsg] dxfslj xg' \ .

60 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 M

;flxTo nIdLkh" f zLifs{ ;DklQ
pT;flxt ljZjf; lgaGw sf7df8f“}

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ ae' m] / k9 M

-s_ sljtf M nodf ufpg jf k9g\ ldNg] /rgf
-v_ lgaGw M efj JoSt ePsf] uB /rgf

#= tnsf cy;{ u“ ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

cy{ zAb
-s_ 7n" f slj
+++++++++++++

-v_ u'0fufg ++++++++++++++

-u_ wg, k;} f ++++++++++++++

-3_ v'66\ f, uf8] f ++++++++++++++

-ª_ dg ++++++++++++++

-r_ a/fa/ ++++++++++++++

-5_ kf| T] ;flxt ++++++++++++++

-h_ pbf/ ++++++++++++++

-´_ tna ++++++++++++++

-`_ efj ++++++++++++++

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 61

$= tnsf zAb z'4 kf/L nv] M

y'K/} ;'gb/ kO;f O{:j/ /fD/f]

%= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ gk] fnL ;flxTosf dxfslj sf] xg' \ <
-v_ bj] sf6] fsf afa' / cfdfsf] gfd ss] ] xf] <
-u_ dflg; sn] ] 7n" f] xG' 5 <
-3_ bj] sf6] fn] cfkm" n] kfPsf] tna s] uy{] <
-ª_ b]jsf]6fn] s]s] n]v]sf 5g\ <
-r_ bj] sf6] fn] ;ae} Gbf a9L dg k/fPsf] lstfa sg' xf] <
-5_ b]jsf6] fsf] hGd slxn] eof] <
-h_ xfdL bj] sf6] fnfO{ lsg ;lDemG5f“} <

^= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/M ;DklQ

hft slj sljtf

cfgGb ljZjf; tna u'g

&= /fdf| cIf/ kf/L ;f/ M

b]jsf6] f ;w“} sljtf nl] v/xGy] . pgL sfd ugk{' 5{ eGg]
s/' fdf ljZjf; uy{] . pgL wgL ul/a ;an} fO{ ;dfg
7fGy] . ul/a dflg;nfO{ bV] bf pgsf] dgdf bof hfUYof] .

*= lsg wgL dflg; klg ;v' L xb“' g} , 5nkmn u/ .

62 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

kf7 !@ crDdsf] s/' f

-c?0f / ;/nf sIff # df k95\ g\ . pgLx¿ ;kgfsf] s/' f
ub{} ljBfnoaf6 kms“b{ } 5g\ ._

c?0f M ;/nf, Pp6f crDdsf] s/' f ;G' 5o\ f} <

;/nf M s:tf] ¤ crDdsf] s/' f, eg g <

c?0f M dn} ] ;kgfdf bv] ]sf] s/' f ¤ lxhf] ;kgfdf d
hfqf xg] { uPsf] lyP“ . dn} ] Toxf“ crDdsf] s/' f
bv] “] .

;/nf M ltdL t vfln crDdsf] s/' f dfq eG5f} . s]

b]Vof,} eg g .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff # 63

c?0f M ;fl“ Rrs,} emG8} xfdL hqf sldnf ¤
;/nf M xfdLn] h:t} u/L afN] g] / lx8“ g\ ] sldnf <
c?0f M xf] t lg . tL sldnfn] nu' f klg nufPsf lyP .

pgLx¿ klg hfqf xg] { cfPsf /x5] g\ .
;/nf M cfd} ¤ s:tf] crDd ¤
c?0f M bj' n} ] sldh / ;?' jfn nufPsf lyP . Pp6fn]

6fk] L nufPsf] lyof,] csfn{ ] lyPg .
;/nf M bj' } sldnf p:tp} :t} lyP <
c?0f M cgx' f/ p:t} lyof] . nu' f klg p:t} nufPsf

lyP, t/ = = =
;/nf M s] t/ <
c?0f M Pp6fsf] nu' fel/ ufa] / g} ufa] / ntkltPsf] lyof] .

csfs{ f] nu' fdf htftt} lrgL g} lrgL 6fl“ ;Psf]
lyof] .

64 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

;/nf M s;/L Pp6fsf] nu' fdf lrgL 6fl“ ;of] / csfs{ fd] f
ufa] / ntkltof] t <

c?0f M Pp6f sldnf] uf]7df a;]/ kzk' fng ubf{] /x]5,
csf{] rflx“ ld7fO{ k;ndf a;/] Jofkf/ ubf{] /x5] .

;/nf M tL bj' } sldnfsf] klxnb] ]lv g} lrghfg /x5] t <

c?0f M sxf“ x'g' ¤ hfqfdf b'j} Pscsfn{ fO{ bv] /]
lhNn kl//xs] f /x5] g\ . hfqf ;lsPkl5 bj' n} ]
cf–cfÇgf] kl/ro lbP . Pp6fsf] gfd ufa] /
sldnf] / csfs{ f] gfd lrgL sldnf] /x5] .

;/nf M hfqf ;lsPkl5 pgLx¿ sxf“ uP lg <

c?0f M lrgL sldnfn] ufa] / sldnfnfO{ cfÇgf] 3/df
lnP/ uof] . d klg pgLx¿s} kl5kl5 nfu“] .

;/nf M ltdLnfO{ pgLx¿n] bv] g] g\ t <

c?0f M lsg gbV] g,' t/ pgLx¿ cfÇg} s/' fdf d:t lyP .

;/nf M clg <

c?0f M b'j} sldnf ld7fO{ ksfO/xs] f] 7fp“df ku' ] . Toxf“
ld7fO{sf] af:gf cfO/x]sf] lyof] . lrgL sldnfn]
ufa] / sldnfnfO{ ;fW] of,] æof] ss] f] af:gf cfPsf]
xf†] eGg ;S5f} <Æ ufa] / sldnfn] eGof,] æufa] /sf]

h:tf] nfU5 .Æ of] ;g' /] lrgL sldnf] lhNn k¥of] .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 65

;/nf M p;n] ld7fOs{ f] af:gf eg/] yfxf kfPg t <

c?0f M sxf“ yfxf kfpg' ¤

;/nf M lsg yfxf gkfPsf] t <

c?0f M Tof] t yfxf ePg t/ Toltv/] } lrgL sldnfn]
uf]a/ sldnfnfO{ lgofn]/ x¥] of] . p;n] ufa] /
sldnfsf] gfssf Kjfndf ufa] / 6fl“ ;Psf] bV] of] .
clg p;nfO{ gx' fpg k7fof] .

;/nf M gx' fPkl5 p;n] af:gf yfxf kfof] t <

c?0f M g'xfPkl5 uf]a/ sldnf] ;kmf eof] . gfssf]
Kjfndf 6fl“ ;Psf] ufa] / klg uOxfNof] . p;n]
ld7fOs{ f] af:gf yfxf kfof] clg v'a /dfof] .

;/nf M clg s] eof] <

c?0f M bj' } sldnfx¿ ukm ub{} lyP, oltsd} f d lape“ m“] .

;/nf M ltdLn] t ;fR“ r} crDdsf] s/' f kf] ;g' fof} . o:tf]
s/' f t dn} ] slxNo} ;g' s] L lyOg“ . ltdLnfO{
w/] w} /] } wGojfb ¤ n hfpm“ x} ¤ 3/ klg cfOkU' of] .

c?0f M d/] f] klg cfOkU' g nfUof] . ltdLnfO{ klg wGojfb .

66 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M wGojfb

crDd hfqf ;fR“ r} Kjfn

@= c?0f / ;/nf agL dflysf] ;j+ fb kfn}kfnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= tnsf cy;{ u“ ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

cy{ zAb
-s_ dL7f] :jfbsf] /f6] L
+++++++++++++++++++

-v_ lrgf/L +++++++++++++++++++

-3_ u8/] xg] '{ +++++++++++++++++++

-ª_ v;' L xg' ' +++++++++++++++++++

$= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

ld7fO{ lrgL af:gf wGojfb ufa] / hfqf

%= ldnfP/ zAb agfpm M

nf/; NFFlds 7fOl{ d nKjf ufn' pP6f

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 67

^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ c?0fn] hfqfdf s] bV] of] <
-v_ sldnfx¿ s:tf lyP <
-u_ sldnfx¿sf] gfd ss] ] lyof] <
-3_ hfqf ;lsPkl5 sldnfx¿ sxf“ uP <
-ª_ ufa] / sldnfn] lsg ld7fO{sf] af:gf yfxf kfPg <

&= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L bO' { jfSonfO{ hf8] /] Pp6f jfSo
agfpm M

pbfx/0f M
/fd cfp5“ . /fd k9\g yfN5 .
/fd cfp5“ clg k9g\ yfN5 .
-s_ pm uLt ufp5“ . pm gfRg yfN5 .
-v_ af ahf/ hfgx' G' 5 . af n'uf lsGgx' G' 5 .
-u_ cfdf aur“} fdf hfgx' 'G5 . cfdf la?jf /fK] gx' G' 5 .
-3_ lbbL ljBfno hfgx' 'G5 . lbbL k9fpg'xG' 5 .
-ª_ efO gx' fp“5 . alxgL g'xfp5“ ] .

68 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

*= tnsf] ;r" gf k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

kmfug' bl] v jz} fv;Ddsf] cjlw xfjfx/' L cfpg]
;do xf] . o; ;dodf cfuf] afNbf ;/' lIft

7fpd“ f dfq afNgk' 5{ . ;nfO{, nfO6/, d6\6Lt]n
cflb j:t' s6] fs] 6] Ln] e6] g\ ] 7fpd“ f

g/fVgx' f;] \ . hyfefjL cfuf] afNbf xg' ]
b3' {6gfaf/] jm] 6fjm] 6LnfO{ ;Demfpgx' f;] \ .

gk] fn ;/sf/
;r" gf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;r" gf ljefu

-s_ sg' ;dodf a9L xfjfx/' L rN5 <

-v_ cfuf] s:tf] 7fp“df afNgk' 5{ <

-u_ s]6fs]6Ln] e]6\g] 7fpd“ f ss] ] /fVg' x“'b}g <

-3_ of] ;r" gf lbg] c88\ f sg' xf] <

(= xsd{ fgsf af/d] f lbOPsf tnsf s/' f k9 / ltdL klg
cfÇgf] af/d] f nv] M

d/] f] gfd xs{dfg xf] . d]/f] 3/ bfn] vfdf 5 . d tLg
sIffdf k9\5' . d/] f af lxdfn r9\g'x'G5 . d/] L cfdf
k;n rnfpgx' G' 5 . d/] L Pp6L alxgL 5] . pm sIff ! df
k95\ ] .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 69

kf7 !# 3fd5fof

— dfwj l3ld/]

slt /fdf| ] 5fof slt /fdf| ] 3fd
rp/df v]N5g\ b'j} Ps} 7fd
vfn] fjfl/af6 vf]nfkfl/ t5g{ \
8f8“ f jfl/kfl/ ns' fdf/L u5g{ \

h;} 3fd a:5 g/dfOnf] dfgL
p8L cfp5“ ] 5fof zLtn kªv\ tfgL
h;} 5fof a:5] lag' sf/] Laf6L
clg cfp5“ 3fd sfnf] d3] sf6L
3fd5fof ldnL km" ndf /ªu\ e5g{ \
cfÇgf] ;Lk x/] L cfkm“} bªu\ k5g{ \
cfsfzsf] rn] f] w/tLsL rn] L
;w“} afnfkg ;w“} xf;“ Lvn] L

70 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAb z4' ;u“ k9/] ;g' fpm M

v]N5g\ t5{g\ u5{g\ kªv\

a:5] sf/] Laf6L bª\u afnfkg

@= dflysf] sljtf no xfn/] ufpm .

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

-s_ 7fd kv]6f

-v_ ns' fdf/L nS' g] / e6] 6\ fpg] vn]

-u_ kªv\ afnaflnsfsf] :jefj

-3_ lag' 7fp“

-ª_ d3] 5fq

-r_ rn] f] 5fqf

-5_ rn] L ljgf, afxs]

-h_ afnfkg afbn

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 71

$= tn lbPh:t} vfnsf c¿ zAb nv] M

e5{g,\ k5g{ ,\ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
dfgL, tfgL, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
3fd, sfd, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
dfnf, ufnf, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ rp/df ss] ] vN] 5g\ <
-v_ 3fd / 5fof sxf“ ns' fdf/L u5g{ \ <
-u_ 5fof s;/L x/fp“5 <

-3_ cfsfzsf] rn] f] / w/tLsL rn] L egs] f ss] ] xg' \ <

^= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M /fd|f

cfÇgf] cfÇgf /fd|f]

;fgf] ;fgf d]/f] d]/f

&= tnsf zAbx¿ jm| ddf ldnfO{ jfSo agfpm M .

pbfx/0f M d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #
v]N5g\ ;fyLx¿ rp/df
;fyLx¿ rp/df vN] 5g\ .

72

-s_ 3fd 5fof / v]N5g\ n'sfdf/L .

-v_ uLtF hfG5] ;w“} wf/fdf .

-u_ tkfO“{ ufpg'x'G5 . ;w“} uLt

-3_ t“ ?G5;\ lsg <

-ª_ b]vfpm nl] v;sk] l5 dnfO{ .

*= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L jfSo agfpm M

pbfx/0f M

g 3fd nfUof], g kfgL k¥of] .

3fd klg nfug] , kfgL klg k/g] .

-s_ g ltdL cfof,} g /fd cfof] .

-v_ g efs] nfUof,] g ltvf{ nfUof] .

-u_ g /fd kmSof,{] g ;Ltf cfO{ .

-3_ g afbn nfUof,] g kfgL k¥of] .

-ª_ g eft kfSof], g bfn kfSof] .

(= ltdLn] hfgs] f] uLt jf sljtf n]v]/ sIffdf ;g' fpm .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff # 73

kf7 !$ afb“ / / ufx] L

plxn]sf] s/' f xf] . gbLsf]
5]pdf Pp6f 7n" f] ¿v
lyof] . ¿vdf afb“ / a:Yof] .
gbLdf Pp6f ufx] L klg
a:Yof] . lbge/ bj' } cfxf/
vfH] g lg:sGy] . ufx] L
ljleGg hLjhGts' f] l;sf/
uYof{] . afb“ / hªu\ ne/
8n' ]/ kmnkm" n vfGYof] .
Pslbg af“b/ Ps em' Kkf]
cªu\ '/ lnO{ kmlso{ f] . pm
¿vdf a;/] cªu\ /' vfg
yfNof] . cªu\ '/sf s]xL bfgf
tn v;] . ufx] Ln] v;s] f]
cªu\ '/ l6k/] vfof] . p;nfO{
cªu\ '/ c;fWo} dL7f] nfUof] .

74 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

æcem} cªu\ '/ vfg kfP xG' Yof] .Æ p;n] dgdg} ljrf/ u¥of] .

Psl5gkl5 p;n] eGof,] æafb“ / efO ¤ cªu\ /' t dL7f] /x5] .
dnfO{ cem} clnslt bp] m g ¤Æ

ænf} vfpm ¤Æ afb“ /n] cf7b; bfgf cªu\ /' v;fNof] .

ca afb“ /n] cfkm" n] NofPsf sx] L kmnkm" n ufx] LnfO{ klg lbg
yfNof] . pgLx¿ glhssf ;fyL ag/] a:g yfn] . o;/L g}
pgLx¿sf w/] } lbg lat] .

Pslbg ufx] Ln] dgdg} ;fR] of,] æof] afb“ / dL7fdL7f kmn
vfG5 . o;sf] d'6' snh] f] t emg\ slt dL7f] xf]nf . o;nfO{
vfg kfP t cem} slt dHhf xG' Yof] ¤Æ p;sf] dv' /;fof] .
uf]xLn] afb“ /nfO{ vfg] ljrf/ u¥of] .

ef]lnkN6 ufx] Ln] eGof,] æafb“ / efO ¤ cfh ltdL / d o;
gbLsf] kfl/k6l\ 6 3D' g hfcf“} . Totflt/ s:tf] /dfOnf] 7fp“
5 ¤Æ

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 75

afb“ /nfO{ klg 3D' g dg nfus] f] lyof] . p;n] ufx] Lsf] s/' f
dfGof] . ufx] Ln] lkl7pd“ f /fv/] ufx] Ln] afb“ /nfO{ gbLsf]
aLr;Dd nUof] .

af“b/ klg /dfpb“ } lyof] . ufx] Ln] RofKk ;dfTof] / eGof,]
ædn} ] tn“ fO{ oxf“ 3d' fpg NofPsf] xfO] g ¤ ca t d t/] f] d6' '
/ snh] f] vFG5' .Æ

afb“ / clnslt klg cflQPg . p;n] rnfvL;fy eGof,] æxg'
t x'GYof] lg uf]xL bfO ¤ t/ s] ug{,' dn} ] d6' ' sn]hf] ¿vd}
e'mG8o\ fsf] 5 . ca dnfO{ vfP/ s] u5f{} < d/] f] d6' ' /
sn]hf] vfg] eP pxL“ kms{ . gq dnfO{ vfg] OR5f Tofu .

æTo;f] eP l56f] hfcf“} ¤Æ
uf]xLn] afb“ /nfO{ klxns] }
7fp“df k'¥ofof] .

afb“ / xtf/xtf/ ¿vdf
r9o\ f] / eGof,] ævfnf;\
d6' ' / snh] f] ¤ o;/L
wfs] f lbO;\ eg] t/] f sfx] L
;fyL x'b“ }gg\, a'lem;\ ¤Æ

rnfv af“b/n] ufx] LnfO{
lhNofof] .

76 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 / sfkLdf nv] M

hª\un e'mKkf] RofKk

d"v{ e'mG8\ofpg' lhNofpg'

@= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

-s_ dv' /;fpg' ctflng'

-v_ cfxf/ aO] dfgL ug{

-u_ cflQg' dv' df kfgL cfpg'

-3_ wf]sf lbg' vfgs] /' f, efh] g

#= tnsf zAb z4' kf/L ;f/ M

uf]O{ ;fly lkl7pm“ vflGyof} x'b}gg\

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 77

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] hjfkm bp] m M

-s_ afb“ / / uf]xL sxf“ a:y] <

-v_ ufx] Ln] sf;] u“ cªu\ /' dfUof] <

-u_ uf]xLn] lkl7p“df afs] /] afb“ /nfO{ stf nUof] <

-3_ afb“ /sf] d6' ' / snh] f] vfg ufx] L lsg tlD;of] <

-ª_ afb“ /n] ufx] LnfO{ s;/L lhNofof] <

-r_ of] syf k9/] ltdLn] s] a'‰of} <

%= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 ldNg] jfSo agfO{ nv] M

ltdL vfG5g\ .

d vfG5 .

tkfO“{ vfhf vfG5f“} .

xfdL vfG5f} .

pm vfg'xG' 5 .

pgLx¿ vfG5' .

78 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

^= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f afs;af6 ldNg] zAb /fvL syf agfpm
/ ;f/ M

hf8f] sf6] af“b/

n6\7L dflg; s6] fs6] L n'uf

Pp6f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + lyof] . To;nfO{ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + eof] .

To;n] Pp6f 3/df + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ;'sfPsf] b]Vof] . To;n]

;'sfPsf] Pp6f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + rf]¥of] / nufof] . To;n]

Pp6f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 6]Sof] . Tof] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + h:t}

lx8“ g\ yfNof] . p;nfO{ bv] ]/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + xf:“ g yfn] .

&= /l] 8of]df ;'gs] f,] 6l] nlehgdf x]/]sf] jf sxL“ k9]sf] s'g}
syf sIffdf ;g' fpm .

*= tnsf cIf/ / dfqf ldnfP/ xg' ;] Dd w/] } zAb agfpm M

s u t n f l L ' f]

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 79

(= tnsf] kf:] 6/ k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

;/;kmfOdf Wofg k'¥ofcf“}
:j:y / lg/fu] L agf“}

-s_ lsg lbgx“' bft“ df‰gk' 5{ < d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #
-v_ rkL{ kmfx] f/] eP s] xG' 5 <
-u_ kmfx] f/] sxf“ kmfNgk' 5{ <
-3_ ;/;kmfOdf Wofg glbP s] xG' 5 <

80

kf7 !% ;u/dfyf

;u/dfyf ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cUnf] lxdfn xf] . of] ;fn] v' D' a'
lhNnfdf k5{ . o;} lxdfnaf6 ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] gfd
klg /xs] f] 5 . ;u/dfyf *,*$* ld6/ cUnf] 5 . o;sf
jl/kl/ c¿ klg cUnfcUnf lxdfn 5g\ .

;u/dfyf xfd|f] b]zsf] uf}/j xf] . o;nfO{ dfpG6 Pe/]:6

klg elgG5 . ljbz] Lx¿ gk] fnnfO{ dfpG6 Pe/]:6sf] bz]

eg/] lrG5g\ . pgLx¿ ;u/dfyf xg] { / cf/f]x0f ug{

cfp5“ g\ . ;u/dfyf cf/fx] 0f ug{' sl7g sfo{ xf] . ;ae} Gbf

klxnf ;u/dfyf cf/fx] 0f ug{] JolSt tl] Ghª gfu] {] /

P8dG8 lxnf/L xg' \ . lxhfc] fh eg] ;u/dfyf r9g\ s] f]

;ªV\ of w/] } kl' u;ss] f] 5 .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 81

;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' hsf] gfd klg oxL lxdfnsf] gfdaf6
/xs] f] xf] . ;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' h ljZj ;Dkbf ;r" Ldf
k/s] f] 5 . of] lgs~' h gk] fnsf] dfq geP/ ljZjs} cdN" o
;DklQ dflgG5 . o; /fli6o« lgs~' hdf bn' {e jg:klt /
k|f0fL kfOG5g\ . oxf“ ufa] ]| ;Nnf,] l7u“ /' ] ;Nnf,] wk' L ;Nnf,]
efh] kq cflb af]6la?jf kfOG5g\ . rt} jz} fvdf u/' f;“
k'mn/] /fli6o« lgs~' hsf jgkfvf ;a} /ft} xG' 5g\ .

;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' hdf s:t/" L du[ , lxdfnL efn,'
lxdlrtj' f, 3f/] n, yf/, emf/n, lxdAjf;“ f] h:tf jGohGt'
kfOG5g\ . oxf“ 8fk“ ]m / lxdsv' '/f klg kfOG5g\ .

;u/dfyfsf] tNnf] efudf sx] L a:tLx¿ 5g\ . oxfs“ f kd| v'
a:tLdf gfDra] hf/ Ps xf] . gfDra] hf/df sx] L ;/sf/L
c88\ f / xf6] nx¿ 5g\ . vd' hª' , v8“' ,] lbªafr] ,] kfªafr] ]
cflb ufp“ klg 5g\ .

oL 7fpd“ f zk] fx{ ¿ a:5g\ . zk] fx{ ¿ lxdfn r9g\ vlKk;
x'G5g\ . logLx¿ kfxg' fnfO{ cfb/ u5g{ \ . zk] fx{ ¿ Nxf;] f/
h:tf kj{ /dfOnf] u/L dgfp“5g\ . zk] f{sf /dfOnf kjd{ f
ljbz] L klg /dfp5“ g\ . o;/L ;u/dfyf Ifq] sf w/] } s/' fn]
ljbz] L ko6{ ssf] dg nfE] ofPsf] 5 .

82 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= k9/] ;g' fpm M

;fn] 'v'Da,' c~rn, /fli6«o, lgs'~h, dfpG6 Pe/]:6,
JolSt, ljZj, ;/+ If0f, kf| 0fL, jg:klt, s:t/" L du[ ,
lxdAjf;“ f,] Nxf];f/, lhNnf

@= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

-s_ uf}/j ;DklQ

-v_ ;Dkbf kfpg sl7g

-u_ cf/f]x0f hLjhGt'

-3_ lgs~' h l;kfn'

-ª_ b'n{e r9g\ ] sfd

-r_ jg:klt rf8af8

-5_ kf| 0fL kf| 0fL / jg hf]ufpg
/flvPsf] 7fp“

-h_ a:tL dfg

-´_ vlKk; af6] la?jf

-`_ kj{ a;fa] f;, ufp“

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 83

#= lbOPsf zAb ldNg] u/L /fv/] tnsf jfSo sfkLdf ;f/ M

/fli6«o nf]eL ljbz] L cd"No ;/sf/L
-s_ 8fk“ ]m xfdf| ] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r/f] xf] .

-v_ lxdfn / jgkfvf xfdf| + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ;DklQ x'g\ .

-u_ gk] fn 3D' g w/] } + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cfp“5g\ .

-3_ xfdf| ] ufpd“ f klg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c88\ f 5g\ .

-ª_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + dflg;n] c¿nfO{ s]xL lb“bg} g\ .

$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cUnf] lxdfnsf] gfd s] xf] <
-v_ lgs~' h egs] f] s] xf] <
-u_ ;u/dfyfsf] km] bLsf a:tLx¿sf] gfd ss] ] xf] <
-3_ rt} jz} fvdf ;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' h s:tf] bl] vG5 <
-ª_ ;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' hnfO{ lsg ljZjs} ;DklQ xf] <
-r_ ;u/dfyf /fli6o« lgs~' hdf kfOg] bn' e{ jg:klt /

kf| 0fLx¿sf gfd nv] .

84 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

%= z'4 kf/]/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

;/] kf nf]v{s] ko6{s cunf]
;nnf] 8fkm] u'/f;“ c8f

^= lzIfsn] egs] f] ;g' ]/ nv] M

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ o; >l' tnv] gsf nflu tn lbPh:tf zAbx¿ ;g' fP/ ljBfyLn{ fO{
;o+ S' t cIf/ ePsf zAbx¿sf] >l' tnv] gsf] cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ M

kj,{ vlKk;, cdN" o, kf| 0fL, hGt,' a:tL, nfE] ofpg' cflb .

&= tnsf] lrq x/] / Toxf“ ePsf s/' f eg M

*= zAbsf] cGtsf] cIf/af6 aGg] b;cf6] f;Dd zAb nv] ]
lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

pbfx/0f M

kxf8 8d? ?dfn nx/f] ++++++++

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 85

(= tnsf] 5f6] f] syf k9/] ;f]lwPsf kZ| gdf 5nkmn u/ M

k0" fa{ xfb/' gfd ePsf] Pp6f
ls;fg lyof] . p;sf] 5f]/fsf]
gfd s0f{axfb'/ lyof] .
k"0fa{ xfb/' n] 3/ glhs} ;G' tnfsf]
Pp6f la?jf /fk] ]sf] lyof] .
k0" fa{ xfb/' lbglbg} ;G' tnfsf]
la?jfdf kfgL xfNYof] . ;'Gtnfsf] la?jf eg] xl/of]
geP/ kx“n] f] xb“' } uof] .

k"0f{axfb/' n] 5f]/fnfO{ eGof,] æof] la?jf ;b}{g Sof/] .Æ

s0f{axfb'/n] eGof,] æxf] a'af, of] la?jf ;b}g{ . o;n]
h/f xfns] } 5g} .Æ

k0" fa{ xfb/' n] ;fW] of,] æh/f xfns] f] 5g} eGg] s;/L yfxf kfO;\ <Æ

s0fa{ xfb/' n] eGof,] æd lbglbg} pvn] /] o;sf] h/f x5] {'
clg km] l/ /fl] klbG5' .Æ

-s_ la?jf ;g{' egs] f] s] xf] <

-v_ ;G' tnfsf] la?jf g;gs{' f] sf/0f k0" fa{ xfb/' n] s;/L
yfxf kfof] <

!)= kf7df lbPsf] lrqnfO{ kfr“ jfSodf j0fg{ u/ .

86 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

kf7 !^ ;fg' 5 x} ;fg'

— si[ 0fk;| fb k/fhn' L

;fg' 5 x} ;fg'
gof“ 3/sf] 5fg'
cfÇgf] 3/ 5f8/]
cGt sxf“ hfg' <

5/L bfg'bfg'
kf/L kfyLdfg'
rnfO{ cfÇg} kfv/' L
dL7f] nfU5 vfg'

lxdfn xf]Og r'nL
gfsdf nfpg] km' nL
rk' nfuL s] a:g'
c¿ 7fp“ en' L ¤

ufp5“ ' cfh v;' Ldf
bO' { r/0f vn' L
sfddf nfUg] dfG5n] fO{
ub{} hfG5' 7n' L ¤

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 87

cEof;

!= tnsf zAb z4' ;u“ k9/] ;g' fpm M

cGt kfyL lxdfn r/0f 7l' n

@= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ ufpm .

#= tnsf cy;{ “u dn] vfg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

cy{ zAb
-s_ cGoq
+++++++++++++++++++

-v_ cf7 dfgf gfKg] ef8“ f] +++++++++++++++++++

-u_ b; d7' L gfKg] ef“8f] +++++++++++++++++++

-3_ lxpr“ 'nL +++++++++++++++++++

-ª_ uLtsf] kªl\ St +++++++++++++++++++

-r_ afnafn] Ldf 9fu] nfO{ hgfpg] zAb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

$= 56' ]sf kªl\ St k/" f u/ M

;fg' 5 x} ;fg'
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 5fg'
cfÇgf+] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hfg' <

88 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

%= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ gof“ 3/sf] 5fg' sqf] 5 <

-v_ bfg' 5g'{ egs] f] s] xf] <

-u_ kfv/' L rnfP/ vfg' egs] f] s] xf] <

-3_ gfsdf nfpg] uxgfnfO{ s] elgG5 <

-ª_ cfÇgf] sfd /fdf| ;] “u ug{] dfG5n] fO{ s] ugk{' 5{ <

^= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M 7n' L

5fg' kfv'/L km' nL

&= tnsf zAb k9 / ljrf/ u/ M

;fg' – ;fgf] 5fg' – 5fgf] bfg' – bfgf] dfg' – dfgf]

*= k5fl8 ‘nL’ ePsf zAbx¿ kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

-s_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -v_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -u_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-3_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -ª_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

(= ltd|f] 3/sf] lrq agfpm / To;sf] j0fg{ u/ .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 89

kf7 !& jL/dfgsf lbg kmls{P

sg' } ufpd“ f Pp6f ls;fg lyof] . p;sf] gfd jL/dfg lyof] .
jL/dfgsf] cfÇg} jg lyof] . jgaf6 jL/dfgnfO{ w/] } s/' fsf]
kmfObf ePsf] lyof] . cfÇg} jgsf] 3f;“ kft v'jfP/ p;n]
ufO{, e}“;L / afv|f kfns] f] lyof] . 3/df bw" , bxLsf] vf“rf]
lyPg . bw" , l3p / v;Laf]sf ar] ]/ p;n] /fd}| cfdbfgL
u/]sf] lyof] .

90 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

ufOj{ :ts' f] dnn] vt] af/Ldf pTkfbg /fd}| xG' Yof] . jL/dfgnfO{
sf7bfp/fsf] vfr“ f] lyPg . jL/dfgsf] 3/jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f
klg :jR5 / /dfOnf] g} lyof] . o; lsl;dn] jL/dfgsf]
3/df sg' } s/' fsf] cefj lyPg .

Pslbg si[ 0faxfb/' n] jL/dfgnfO{ jgsf ¿v aR] g pS;fof] .
jL/dfgn] si[ 0faxfb/' sf] s/' f] dfGof] . p;n] jgsf ¿v sf6/]
aR] g yfNof] . s]xL lbgd} jL/dfgsf] xl/of] jg gfªu\ f] eof] .

jiffo{ fddf kfgL k¥of] / jL/dfgsf] 3/5p] df 7n" f] klx/f]
uof] . klx/fn] ] j:te' fp;lxtsf] uf7] / vt] af/L;dt] aufof] .
jL/dfgsf] 3/} klg klx/fd] f knf{ h:tf] eof] .
jL/dfgnfO{ bM' vb} M' vn] ;tfof] . bM' vdf jL/dfg w/] } lbg
lk/fl] nof] .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 91

w/] } lbgsf] bM' vkl5 jL/dfgnfO{ cfkm" n] u/s] f] uNtL yfxf
eof] . jg km“ 8fgLsf sf/0f cfkm" nfO{ o:tf] ljklQ cfPsf]
p;n] dx;;' u¥of] . p;n] klx/f] uPsf] 7fp“df km] l/ la?jf
/fK] g ;?' u¥of] . jL/dfgn] la?jfdf kfgL / dn xfNof] .
la?jf klg xj' “{mb} uP .

kfvf] hldg xl/of] bl] vg yfNof] . e"Ifo /f]ls“b} uof] .
klx/fsf] 8/ ePg . 3f“; knfpg yfnk] l5 jL/dfgn] km] l/
afvf| kf7f kfNg yfNof] . afvf| kf7faf6 ePsf] cfdbfgLn]
ufO{ lsg]/ kfNof] . To;kl5 e“;} L lsGof] . jL/dfgsf] uf7]
k]ml/ el/of] . afnL klxn] h:t} nxnx x'g yfNof] . gfb} ;
jifd{ } jL/dfgsf lbg km] l/ kmlsP{ .

92 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAb z4' ;u“ k9/] ;g' fpm M

sl[ if, si[ 0f, pTkfbg, pS;fof,] vfr“ f,] km“ 8fgL, r/fr?' ªu\ L,
gfªu\ f,] cj:yf, jiff,{ :jR5

@= km/s ae' m M

tLg – l6g
kf6f] – kftf]
yfs] – 7fs]
wf]sf – 9f]sf
tfS] g' – 6fS] g'

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

3f;“ kft vfr“ f÷] sdL

cefj 3f“;, :ofpnf cflb

ljgfz b'Mv

cfkt gfz, Iflt

dx;;' a9fpg'

x'sf{pg' df6f] aUg] lj|mof

e"Ifo cg'ej

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 93

$= tnsf zAb /fv/] jfSo agfpm M

pTkfbg sl[ if cfdbfgL pS;fpg' kmf8“ g\ '

%= ;dx" df gldNg] zAbdf 3/] f nufpm M

-s_ bw" , bxL, l3p, kfgL
-v_ v;L, ufO{, afvf| ,] af]sf]
-u_ h/f, df6f,] kft, xf“uf

^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ jL/dfgn] ss] ] kfns] f] lyof] <
-v_ jL/dfgsf] 3/ jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f lsg /dfOnf]

lyof] <
-u_ jL/dfgn] lsg ¿v sf6/] aR] of] <
-3_ jL/dfgn] lsg bM' v kfof] <
-ª_ jL/dfg s;/L klxnh] :t} km] l/ ;v' L eof] <

&= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf jfSonfO{ jm| d ldnfP/ ;f/ M

-s_ jL/dfgsf] xl/of] jg gfªu\ f] eof] .
-v_ j:te' fp;lxtsf] uf7] / vt] af/L;d]t aufof] .

94 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

-u_ jL/dfgsf] 3/df sg' } s/' fsf] cefj lyPg .

-3_ w/] } lbgsf] bM' vkl5 jL/dfgnfO{ cfkm" n] u/s] f] uNtL
yfxf eof] .

*= ltdLn] 3/df ss] ] hgfj/ kfns] f 5f}, To;af6 xg' ] kmfObf
atfpm .

(= 7Ls lrÅg - ., <_ ko| fu] u/L tnsf jfSo ;f/ M

-s_ d/] f] 3/df af, cfdf, bfh' / lbbL 5g\

-v_ d tLg sIffdf k95\ '

-u_ ltd|f] 3/df sf]sf] 5g\

-3_ ltdL slt sIffdf k95\ f}

!)= cfÇgf ufps“ f af/d] f wgdfofn] nv] s] f s/' f k9 / ltdL
klg cfÇgf ufps“ f af/d] f nv] .

d]/f] gfd wgdfof /fO{ xf] . d]/f] 3/ kf“rwf/d] f 5 .
kfr“ wf/] efh] k/' lhNnfdf k5{ . oxf“ Ps} 7fpd“ f
kfr“ cf6] f wf/f 5g\ . oxf“ Pp6f kf| ylds ljBfno 5 .
oxf“ Pp6f xn' fs klg 5 . oxf“ PsfbzLsf lbg xf6
nfU5 .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 95