ALL THINGS GRAMMAR

SirPlz Collections

BY ABDULLAH MAT NOOR
https://t.me/sirplz

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https://t.me/sirplz CONTENTS Modal Verbs
SV Agreements
Nouns Adverbs
Articles Prepositions
Quantifiers Conjunctions
Pronouns Punctuations
Adjectives Figurative Speech
Verb Synonyms/ Antonyms
Tenses
Helping Verbs 2

https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Nouns refer to someone
(people), or something
(animals, things, plants,
activities, places, and
ideas). Nouns can be
specific (Proper Nouns)
or unspecific (Common

Nouns).

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COMMON NOUNS

• A common noun refers to an unspecific
person, thing, place, or idea.
Example: boy, girl, man, woman, cat, etc.
• These words are unspecific because we can
refer them to any boy, girl, woman, or cat.
• A common noun must start with a small letter
unless it starts a sentence.
• There are five types of common nouns.
https://t.me/sirplz
Countable Uncountable Collective
Noun Noun Noun

Concrete Abstract 4
Noun Noun

PROPER NOUNS

• A proper noun refers to a specific or
particular name of a person, animal, plant,
thing, and place.

Class Common Noun Proper Noun

people boy Hakim

https://t.me/sirplz animal mouse Mickey Mouse
plant coconut Cocos nucifera

thing car Perodua Axia

place shopping mall Mydin Mall

• A proper noun starts with a capital letter.

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TYPES OF NOUNS

Type Meaning
Countable Noun It is a noun that we can

modify with numbers.
Uncountable Noun It is a noun that we can’t

count with numbers.

https://t.me/sirplz Collective Noun It is a group of nouns but we
Concrete Noun refer them as a unit.
It is a noun that we can
perceive with our senses.

Abstract Noun It is a noun that we can’t
perceive with our senses.

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COUNTABLE NOUNS

bowl We can count apple

them

https://t.me/sirplz flamingos people

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

• We can divide the countable nouns into singular
nouns and plural nouns. Example:

Class Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

people boy boys

animals cat cats

plants tree trees

https://t.me/sirplz things pencil pencils

places shop shops

activity singing lesson singing lessons

idea love loves

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CHANGING NOUNS: ONE TO MANY

https://t.me/sirplz For most singular For a singular noun
nouns, we must that ends with -o, we
add –s at the end must add –s or –es

of a noun Example:
Example: piano  pianos
boy  boys photo  photos
girl  girls tomato  tomatoes
cat  cats mosquito  mosquitoes
tree  trees hero  heroes
apple  apples
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CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY

https://t.me/sirplz For a singular noun For a singular noun
that ends with –y, we that ends with –f or –
must add –s or -ies fe, we must add –s or

Example: –ves.
day  days Example:
way  ways roof  roofs
baby  babies puff  puffs
story  stories wife  wives
fly  flies knife  knives
leaf  leaves

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CHANGING NOUNS : ONE TO MANY

https://t.me/sirplz For a singular, Some nouns share
irregular noun, we the same spelling for
must add –en or singular and plural.
change the vowel.
Example:
Example: deer  deer
child  children fish  fish
sheep  sheep
ox  oxen food  food
mouse  mice scissors  scissors
tooth  teeth trousers  trousers
foot  feet

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

sand We can’t count. peppers
We consider them
as one.

https://t.me/sirplz juice sugar

https://t.me/sirplz CONCRETE NOUNS

baby skunk

We can observe
them with our

senses

apple book

ABSTRACT NOUNS

friendship happiness

https://t.me/sirplz Abstract noun is confusion
something that
We can’t perceive
by our senses but

we can feel

fear

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

A collective noun
preeofpelers, tthoinagsg,raonuipmoafls,
coonrsipdlaenrtesd .aTshoenyeaurneit.
• a herd of elephants
• a swarm of bees
• an orchestra of musicians
https://t.me/sirplz • a flock of sheep
• a bouquet of flowers
• a fleet of airplanes
• a cup of happiness

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COMPOUND NOUNS Example:
table+cloth
A compound
nisomunadiseaunpobuyn ttwhaot tablecloth
or more nouns.
sun+glass
https://t.me/sirplz
sunglass

sun+light

sunlight

sting+ray

stingray

snow+flake

snowflake

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https://t.me/sirplz POSSESSIVE NOUNS

A possessive noun is used
to show belonging or
possession. An apostrophe
’s or s’ is placed at the
last letter of a noun.

Example:
1) This is Ali’s shoes.
2) These are the boys’ shoes.
3) That is Elena’s book.

4) These are the girls’ books.

Apostrophe -’s (for singular)
Apostrophe –s’ (for plural)

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https://t.me/sirplz A NOUN HAS MANY ROLES

• A noun may appear at any part in a sentence.
It has many roles. It can act as

1 a subject
2 a direct object
3 an indirect object
4 a predicate noun
5 an object complement
6 an object of preposition

• Example 1
Ali plays football with his friends.

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https://t.me/sirplz THE USES OF NOUNS

• Example 2
Zara gives her mother a flower.

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• Example 3
Hakim is at the field.

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• Example 4
Halim is a small boy.

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

fAkarnaradoioDtbsmdnwioectisontulieuegnwotsngrfhattmuaehaldonatiendhfernenetoroqneurusrourmntuamt,pbhnenwlieeutsnllri.reefnuBariooscely.uriarnnsn
are determiners.

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THESE ARE DETERMINERS

https://t.me/sirplz a boy a group of people
a shows one a group of shows
many but we refer it

as one
four people
four shows many

https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and
iu‘ntnahfserpn’oeoancurtinfaeoidacufjs.esTacesthpdnieevotyecou.ifnadipcoeprfoeirnaaern

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https://t.me/sirplz WHERE ARE THE ARTICLES?

1. This is a boy.
2. The boy is eating an ice-cream.
3. This is the boy who I met yesterday.
4. There is a cat under my chair.
5. The cat is sleeping under the chair.
6. The chair is made of wood.
7. It is a wooden chair.
8. Zara has a cat.
9. The cat is white.
10. Ali puts a book on a desk.

ARTICLE ‘a’

• Article ‘a’ is used before a singular, countable
noun.
• The noun usually begins with a consonant
letter - b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
v, w, y, and z.
Example: a boy, a cat, a day, a market, etc.
• The rule doesn’t apply for ‘unit’, ‘uniform’,
and ‘university’. It is because the words do
https://t.me/sirplz not have vowel sounds when spoken.
• Be careful when using letters e, g, h, i, l, r, u,
w, and y as their spellings can represent both
vowel and consonant.

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ARTICLE ‘an’

• Article ‘an’ is used before a singular,
countable noun.
• The nouns usually begins with a vowel letter
- a, e, i, o, and u.
Example:
an eagle, an egg, an umbrella, an orange, etc.
• The rule however doesn’t apply for ‘hour’,
‘honest’, ‘F’, and ‘one-wheel’ . It is because
https://t.me/sirplz they do not have vowel sounds when spoken.
Example:
Ali was frustrated because he has an F in
Science.

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ARTICLE ‘the’

• In a sentence, ‘the’ is used before a singular,
plural, countable, or uncountable noun.
• We use ‘the’ to refer to:
1) specific person, thing, animal, or place.
Example:
- Zara is angry with the boys.
- The boy had stolen my money.
2) someone or something unique
https://t.me/sirplz (one and only one).
Example:
- The Prime Minister is giving a speech.
- The sun shines brightly.

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https://t.me/sirplz ARTICLE ‘the’

• We use ‘the’ when we refer to someone or
something for the second time.
Example:
Zara went to school. (First time)
The school is near her house (Second Time)
There lived an old man. (First time)
The old man is a fisherman (Second Time)

• ‘the’ is also used in front of a superlative
adjective. Example:
Elena is the prettiest girl in her class.
The biggest animal is whale.

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https://t.me/sirplz ZERO ARTICLE

• We can’t use any articles before a specific
name of a person, diseases, meals, sports,
cities and some countries.
Example:
1) I saw Zara at the playground.
2) My uncle is studying in Australia.
3) He had finished his breakfast.
4) Hakim likes to play football.
5) Ammar celebrated Hari Raya with his
family and relatives.
6) Elena bought herself Cadbury.
7) His cousin has cancer.

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https://t.me/sirplz SPECIAL CASE

• We can use ‘a’ and ‘an’ before some nouns
that are countable and uncountable.
Example: light, noise, time.
1) The room is dark.
I need some lights here.
I need a light.
3) The children make some noise.
4) Ali makes a noise outside my house.

• We can also use ‘some’ before a noun that is
countable or uncountable noun.
Example:
1) I want some rice.
2) I want some chocolates too.

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Quantifiers are used to
describe the quantity
of nouns. The words
‘many’, ‘some’, ‘several’,
‘a lot of’, ‘a little’, etc.

are quantifiers.

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https://t.me/sirplz QUANTIFIERS

• For countable noun, we can use the words like
many, a few, several, and more to express
quantity.
Example: There are many birds on the tree.

• For uncountable noun, we can use the words
like a little, much, and less to express quantity.
Example:
There isn’t much sugar left in the jar.

• For both, countable and uncountable nouns, we
can use words like some, a lot of, plenty, etc.
to express quantity.
Example:
Zara buys herself some chocolates.

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Pronouns are words that
replace nouns. There are
several types of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns, Reflexive
Pronouns, Relative Pronouns,

Possessive Pronouns,
Demonstrative Pronouns,
and Interrogative Pronouns

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PRONOUNS

• A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.
• Similar to Nouns, pronouns can play role, both

as a subject and an object. Example:

Subject Verb Object -
Complement

Ali and his friends played football
They play it yesterday.

https://t.me/sirplz My family and I are going to Cherating.
We will go there by bus.

Zara had breakfast.
She ate it with her sister.

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PERSONAL PRONOUNS

• Personal pronoun are Subject
words to replace nouns. Pronouns and
Object Pronouns
• Example:
1) Hakim has a cat. are called
He names it Puteh. Personal
2) Zara ate breakfast. Pronouns

She ate it in the dining room.
3) I am eight years old.
https://t.me/sirplz I live in Kampung Mesah.
4) Zara and Ammar are good friends.
They share the same hobby.

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PERSONAL PRONOUNS TABLE

Subject Noun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun

I I me

You You You

Ali He him
Siti She her
https://t.me/sirplz Siti and I We us
Ali and Siti They them
The cat It it
An apple It it
Kuala Lumpur It it
It it
Swimming

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EXAMPLE

Subject V+Prep. Object Complement
I saw Mira yesterday.
I saw her yesterday.

https://t.me/sirplz Subject V+Prep. Object Complement
Mira will see Hakim today.
She will see him today.

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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

• A possessive pronoun
shows belonging or
possession.
• It is used at the end Possessive Possessive
of a sentence, usually Pronoun Adjective
after a verb phrase. mine my
Example: ours our
It is mine. yours your
https://t.me/sirplz (possessive pronoun) his his
This is my pencil. her her
(possessive adjectives) its its

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https://t.me/sirplz REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

• A relative pronoun shows the subject and the
object of a verb is the same person.

• The words usually end with –self or –selves
such myself, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, themselves, ourselves, and itself.
Example:
1) He blamed himself for his failure.
2) Zara booked herself a hotel room.

• Intensive pronouns show emphasis to an action.
Example: I, myself is doing it.

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS

• Relative pronouns are used to join sentences.
• They replace the nouns and the other
pronouns.
• Example:
That is the man who I met yesterday.
Ali is a boy who loves camping.
This is the cat which I wanted to own.
The man whom I talked to just now is my uncle.
https://t.me/sirplz This is the place where I called home.
That is the crocodile that ate a man.
The car which was stolen yesterday has been
found just now.

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https://t.me/sirplz RELATIVE PRONOUNS

who refer to someone.
whose refer to someone or something
whom refer to someone who receives an action.
which refer to something
that refer to something.
where refer to a specific place.

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https://t.me/sirplz DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

• Demonstrative pronoun takes place of a noun
or noun phrase that has already been
mentioned.

• We use demonstrative pronoun to show how
near and how far the object of a sentence is.
Example:
- This is a cat. (singular object/ near)
- These are my cats. (plural objects/ near)
- That is my father. (singular object/ far)
- Those cats are mine. (plural objects/ far)
- These are my parents (plural objects/ near)

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Adjectives are words to
describe people, things,
animals, plants, places, and
buildings. There are seven
types of adjectives :
Descriptive, Quantitative,
Qualitative, Possessive,
Interrogative, Distributive,

and Articles

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https://t.me/sirplz ADJECTIVES

• Positive Adjectives, Comparative Adjectives, and
Superlative Adjectives are Descriptive
Adjectives.

• The descriptive adjectives describe nouns by
their appearances, qualities, quantities, sizes,
touches, tastes, or condition.

• Quantifiers like many, much, plenty, a lot of,
some, etc. are Quantitative Adjectives.

• A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’

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COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES

https://t.me/sirplz Graphics: kids@page.com 44

COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES

https://t.me/sirplz Graphics: kids@page.com 45

COMMON POSITIVE ADJECTIVES

https://t.me/sirplz Graphics: kids@page.com 46

https://t.me/sirplz LIST OF ADJECTIVES (1)

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https://t.me/sirplz LIST OF ADJECTIVE (2)

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https://t.me/sirplz LIST OF ADJECTIVE (3)

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https://t.me/sirplz DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

• A demonstrative adjective describes which
nouns or pronouns you are referring to. These
adjectives include words ‘this’, ‘that’, these’,
and ‘those’.
Examples:
This This is a cat (singular noun/ close).

That That is a cat (singular noun/ far)

These These are two cats (plural noun/ close)

Those Those are two cats (plural noun/ far)

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