ALL THINGS GRAMMAR

INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES

• Interrogating means asking for information. So,
interrogative adjectives are words used to ask
questions.
• These adjectives must be followed by a noun or
pronoun to form questions.
• WEhxiacmh plsWecshh:oicohl
place will you go during the
holidays?

https://t.me/sirplz What What pet do you want to keep at
home?

Whose Whose child is this?

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DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES

• Distributive adjectives describe specific
members out of a group.

• These adjectives are used to single out one or
more individual items or people.
Examples:
each I will give these books to each of you.

https://t.me/sirplz every Everyone is busy doing his job.

any It doesn’t matter. I will take any of
them.

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https://t.me/sirplz COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

• Adjectives take different forms when two or
more nouns are compared with one another.

• There are three degree of comparisons.
1. Positive (comparing two, equal nouns)
2. Comparative (comparing two, unequal nouns)
3. Superlative (comparing three or more nouns)
Example:
a. He is as big as a monster. (positive degree)
b. He is bigger than me. (comparative)
c. His watch is more expensive than Ali’s
(comparative)
d. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount
Everest (superlative)

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COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

https://t.me/sirplz Positive Comparative Superlative

as big as bigger than the biggest
as small as smaller than the smallest
as thin as thinner than the thinnest
as fat as fatter than the fattest
as short as shorter than the shortest
as comfortable as more comfortable than the most comfortable
as expensive as more expensive than the most expensive
as good as better than the most
as bad as more than the best
as many as worse than the worst

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

sVtveaeaexrtrrpeebbr-ssteoha:sfrrsA-eebcaeetcwiittnooiygnorpsndVe.sseTsarthonhbefdasr,te
HeLlpininkginVgeVrebrsb, sa.nd

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https://t.me/sirplz ACTION VERBS

• Action verbs are verbs that express action
Example:
eat, give, walk, run, play, etc.
or possession
Example: have, own, belong, etc.

• Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
- Transitive means verb that has an object
(direct object/ indirect object/ both)
Example:
Elena raises her hands.
Elena gives her mother a flower.
_ Intransitive means verb that has no object.
Example : Elena walks slowly to school.

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COMMON VERBS

• Imagine what you can do with your body parts
(do means actions!)

My eyes can see, observe, watch, look, wake,
sleep, stare, describe, etc.

My mouth can eat, drink, talk, speak, tell, scold,
inform, report, shout, scream,
read, lick, sing, wish, blow, etc.

https://t.me/sirplz My hands can Take, touch, carry, hold, write,
fly, fish, put, water, grow, plant,
feed, do, draw, colour, steal,
borrow, lend, cook, stir, add,
wash, clean, trim, tidy, raise,

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COMMON VERBS

My hands can lift, brush, comb, grill, pitch,
decorate, catch, open, close,
begin, finish, complete, collect,
toss, play, spend, study, etc.

My head and my think, calculate, count, solve,
heart can decide, seem, like, feel, etc.

My legs can move, jump, hop, walk, run,
crawl, kick, stand, go, travel,
https://t.me/sirplz cycle, ride, start, end, compete,
take part, join, dance, come,
return, trip, fell, visit, stroll,
swim, sit, kneel, etc.

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https://t.me/sirplz COMMON VERBS

My ears can hear, listen, etc.
My neck can bow, respect, etc.

Which body part does these actions?

shake, wave, buy, pay, choose, select, get,
sweep, clear, help, assist, find, stop,

approach, gather, win, loose, regret, thank,
pass, lock, leave, meet, etc.

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https://t.me/sirplz EVERY DAY VERBS

Zara gets up at 6.00 a.m. She switches on
the lamp and turns off the fan. Later, she pulls
the curtains and opens the windows.

After that, Zara goes to the bathroom. Just
before that, she took her towel and took off her
pyjama. She threw her pyjama into the basket. Her
mother reminds her to make her bed before
shower. In the bathroom, Zara brushes her teeth.
Then, she has a bath. She shampoos her hair and
rubs her body. She applies some soap and cleans
her face. After shower, she dries herself up. She
gets out the toilet and walks towards the closet.
She selects her favourite blouse and skirt.

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https://t.me/sirplz EVERY DAY VERBS

She pulls the drawer. She chooses her favourite
talcum. Then, she sprays herself her favourite
perfume. Zara looks for her watch. She searches it
high and low. Finally, Zara notices it under her bed.
She tries to reach the watch but she can’t. She
crawls under her bed and she gets it.

More regular and irregular verbs
from the List of Action Verbs.

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REGULAR VS. IRREGULAR VERBS

• Verbs can regular or irregular. Regular verbs
form their past and past participle forms by
adding –d, or –ed to the action verbs.
• Example:
walk-walked, dance-danced
• Irregular verbs form their past tense and past
participle tense forms in different ways.
1) Present = Past = Participle
https://t.me/sirplz Example : cut-cut-cut refer
2) Present ≠ Past = Participle List of
Example: play-played-played Action
3) Present ≠ Past ≠ Participle Verbs

Example: drink-drank-drunken

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LIST OF REGULAR VERBS

Root Verb Past Participle
Accepted
Accept Accepted
Acted
Act Acted Achieved
Admired
https://t.me/sirplz Achieve Achieved Advised
Admire Admired Affected
Advise Advised Agreed
Affect Affected Amazed
Agree Agreed Amused
Amaze Amazed Answered
Amuse Amused
Answer Answered 63

LIST OF REGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
Arrange Arranged Arranged
Arrive Arrived Arrived

Ask Asked Asked
Attack Attacked Attacked
Bake
Behave Baked Baked
Believe Behaved Behaved
Believed Believed
Belonged
Belong Belonged Blamed
Borrowed
Blame Blamed
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Borrow Borrowed

LIST OF REGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrated Celebrated
Celebrate Cleaned Cleaned
Clean Cleared Cleared
Clear Climbed Climbed
Climb Closed Closed
Close Compared
Competed
Compare Compared Contained

Compete Competed 65

Contain Contained

LIST OF REGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrated Celebrated
Celebrate Cleaned Cleaned
Clean Cleared Cleared
Clear Climbed Climbed
Climb Closed Closed
Close Compared
Competed
Compare Compared Contained

Compete Competed 66

Contain Contained

LIST OF REGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
Carry Carried Carried
Cause Caused Caused
Celebrated Celebrated
Celebrate Cleaned Cleaned
Clean Cleared Cleared
Clear Climbed Climbed
Climb Closed Closed
Close Compared
Competed
Compare Compared Contained

Compete Competed 67

Contain Contained

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awakened
be was, were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid (farewell) bid / bade bidden
bid (bid amount) bid bid

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LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

https://t.me/sirplz Root Verb Past Participle
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcasted broadcast
build built built
bind bound bound

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LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Root Verb Past Participle

deal dealt dealt

dig dug dug

dive dove dived

do did done

draw drew drawn

https://t.me/sirplz dream dreamed dreamt

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

dwell dwelled dwelt

eat ate eaten

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https://t.me/sirplz LINKING VERBS

• A linking verb connects the subject of a
sentence to a noun or adjective.
Example:
- Tun Dr Mahathir is our Prime Minister.
- Zara became successful.
- Ammar feels dizzy.

• These words are common linking verbs: appear,
feel, look, remain, stay, taste, continue, grow,
prove, sound, smell, turn, is, am, was, are, and
were

• The structure of a sentence that contains
linking verb is Subject – LV – Noun or Adj.

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https://t.me/sirplz HELPING VERBS

• Helping verbs (or auxiliary verbs) are used
before action verbs and linking verbs.

• Helping verbs give additional information about
the actions such as they show the ability,
possibility, etc. (can, will, etc.) or time (be,
have, do).

• Modals (can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, would, ought to) always function as
helping verbs.

• Verb to-be (am, is, are, was, were, being,
been); Verb-to-have (has, have, had); and
Verb-to-do (does, do, did) can function as
helping verbs or linking verbs.

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https://t.me/sirplz VERB-TO-BE (VTB)

• Verb-to-be (VTB) is used to tell something
about someone or something.
Example:
1) I am going to school now.
2) She is buying a book.
3) He is doing his homework.
4) They are visiting their grandparents.
5) We are going for a camping.
6) The monkey is eating the banana.
7) While he was cycling, Ali saw a cat.

• VTB + Action Verb-ing = Present Continuous
Tense and Past Continuous Tense.

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https://t.me/sirplz VERBS-TO-HAVE

• As the main verb, to have implies the meaning
of possession.
Example:
1) I have a cat.
2) I have my breakfast.
3) I have a shower every day.

• As a helping verb, VTH creates the Present
Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense.
Example:
Present : I have been eating now.
Past : I had been eating just now.
Perfect : I have told you about her.

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https://t.me/sirplz VERB-TO-DO (VTD)

• As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question in the Simple Present Tense or Simple
Past Tense.
Example:
Do you like cats?
As a intransitive, it replaces the main verb.
Example:
You should know about that more than I do.
(Do = know)

• As a helping verb, VTD can be used to form a
question tag.
Example:
You did well, didn’t you?

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https://t.me/sirplz VERB-TO-DO

• As a transitive verb, VTD shows an action.
Example:
He always do his homework by himself.

• As a question, VTD indicates the tense to be
used to answer the question.
Example:
(Q) Where did you go?
(A) I went to Langkawi.
(Q) How did you come here?
(A) I took a bus.
Note:
Do/ does/ did refer to an action

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

Verb tenses show the time of
actions. There are 12 forms of

Verb Tenses: the Simple
Present Tense, the Simple Past
Tense, the Simple Future Tense,
Present Continuous Tense, Past

Continuous Tense, Present
Perfect Tense, Past Perfect

Tense ……. what else?

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VERB TENSES TABLE

Tense Past Present Future

Simple ate eat will eat
eats

Continuous was eating am eating will be
eating

https://t.me/sirplz Perfect had eaten have eaten will have
eaten

Perfect had been have been will have
Continuous eating eating been eating

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DEFINITION OF THE VERB TENSES?

Simple Describe actions that happen right now
Present or actions that are continuous.
Tense

Simple Describe actions that have already
Past Tense happened.

https://t.me/sirplz Simple Describe actions that have yet to
Future happen.
Tense

Present Describe actions that are and that are
Continuous not happening now, temporarily,
repeatedly, or happening in the near
Tense future.

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DEFINITION OF VERB TENSES

Past Describe actions that were happening
Continuous at some point in the past.

Tense

Present Describe the past event that has
Perfect been completed, the unfinished
Tense actions, multiple actions at different
times, or asking about life experience.

https://t.me/sirplz Past Describe the past event that has
Perfect been completed before something
Tense else happened.

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https://t.me/sirplz THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• The Simple Present Tense is used to talk about
habitual actions, fact, future plans, or in
questions.

• Habitual Actions
Example:
1) I go to school by bus.
2) Zara often goes to school by bus.
3) I ride my bike every day.
4) On Saturdays, Elena goes swimming

• Facts
Example:
1) The sun rises in the east.
2) Jupiter is the biggest planet.

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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• Action happen at the time of speaking
Example:
1) Elena visits her friends in Ipoh.
2) I live in Kampung Mesah.
• Future Plans
Example:
1) The event starts at 9.00 p.m.
2) I will stay home if it rains tomorrow.
https://t.me/sirplz • Questions
Example:
1) Do you like tea or coffee?
2) Are you going to school?
3) What colour is an apple?

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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

When we use Subject Verb
the Simple
Present Verb+s
Singular Noun Verb+es
Tense, we Pronouns (refer to SV
must 3rd speaker, singular agreement
determine rules)
quantity of
the subject in Plural Noun
a sentence. Pronouns
https://t.me/sirplz Subject and 1st speaker, singular
Verb must 2nd speaker, singular Root Verb
always agree.
1st, 2nd , 3rd speaker,
plural

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MORE EXAMPLE

• My father works at SK Tembila.
Note: Facts
• Zara washes her shoes every weekend.
Note : Habitual Actions
• I eat an apple every day.
Note : Habitual Actions
• Do you like cats?
Note : Question
https://t.me/sirplz • Ali sleeps now.
Note: Action at the time of speaking
• He leaves for Kuala Lumpur tomorrow
Note: Future Plans

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https://t.me/sirplz THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• The Simple Past Tense is used for actions that
took place in the past or the actions that have
been finished or completed.
Example:
1) I went to a clinic yesterday.
2) Zara took part in the drawing competition
last weekend.
3) Ammar broke his arm in an accident.
4) Elena studied in her room last night.
5) The Prime Minister visited us yesterday.
6) Fatimah wrote her a letter.
7) He himself blew the birthday candles.

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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

When we use the Simple Past Tense, we must define
the action verbs. Action verbs can be regular or
irregular. • Regular Verbs are verbs
that end with –d or –ed.
https://t.me/sirplz Subject Verb Usually, the past tense
Singular Regular form follow the past
Noun Verb pIrarretgicuiplaler fVoerrmbs. are verbs
Plural that are usually different
Noun or • from the regular verbs.
Pronoun Irregular Usually the past tense of

Verb

irregular verb is different
to past participle form.

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https://t.me/sirplz PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

• The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that are happening at the time
of speaking.

• We also use it to talk about future plans and
to show habits.
Example:
1) He is playing football.
2) The boys are watching television.
3) She is going for Kuching next week.
4) Zara is leaving tomorrow.
5) She is always borrowing my pencils.
6) Elena and Zara are always quarrelling.

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https://t.me/sirplz PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

• The Present Continuous Tense is used to talk
about actions that was ongoing in the past.
Example:
1) Hakim was playing at the playground.
2) The sun was shining brightly in the sky.

• We also use it to talk about two activities that
were happening at the same time.
Example:
1) While Ammar was sleeping, his mother was
cooking.
2) Zara was studying while her sister, Elena
was reading.

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https://t.me/sirplz PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

• We can also use it to talk about an action
happened while something else was going on.
Example:
1) The telephone rang while I was reading.
2) Zara and Ammar were talking to each other
while Elena fell down.

• We may use it to express a habit that
happened in the past.
Example:
1) Elena was always making trouble.
2) Elena’s mother was always scolding her.

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THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

• The Simple Future Tense is used to tell about a
future action.
Example:
1) Zara will come to visit me.
2) We shall visit you next week.
Remember :
- Use ‘shall’ with I and We only.
- Use ‘will’ with other nouns or pronouns.
https://t.me/sirplz • Another way to show the future action is using
‘going to’. The phrasal verb is used to talk
about a planned action.
Example:
SK Mesah is going to hold Teacher’s Day.

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https://t.me/sirplz THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

• We can also use it to talk about something that
is certain to happen.
Example:
1) It is going to rain tomorrow.
2) My cousin is going to the United States
next month.

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https://t.me/sirplz THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• The Present Perfect Tense is used to tell about
an action that has happened but the time is not
mentioned.
Example:
1) Elena has slept.
2) Hakim and Ammar have gone home.

• We can use it to show an action that began in
the past but continues to the present. Usually,
we use ‘since’, ‘for’, ‘ever’, and ‘never’.
Example:
1) We have been staying here since 2005.
2) I have never seen you here before.

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https://t.me/sirplz THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

• The Past Perfect Tense is used to tell about an
action that has happened or was completed
before another action took place.
Example:
1) After have had her breakfast, Elena went out.
2) Ammar watched television when he had
completed his homework.

• Words like ‘when’ are ‘after’ commonly used in
the past perfect tense form.

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SIGNAL WORDS

Tense Signal Words
Present always, every, never, normally, now
and then, occasionally, often, rarely,
Past seldom, sometimes, usually, etc.

Yesterday, last month, when, ago, in
2015, this morning, once, one day

https://t.me/sirplz Future Will, shall be, will be

Continuous At the moment, now, just now, right
now, this morning

Perfect since, for, already, yet, just, ever, and
never.

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https://t.me/sirplz MODAL VERBS

remfexuaaMq‘p‘nwmm‘skuprccokieieoutnaitdigsnisssghnoahttsgs’,nlt,o’aib,s’agvff‘c,ic‘oebiltfovs‘iorrtwieiuiuloniyburtcgipnglsl,ydlhhoe’,ev,t’parr,aeot‘ermwtc‘srboremo.btilomsmi’Whgasuusaieayaslisdtoonretk’so,’nrdidii,ono,dngns,,
‘should’ show modality.

THE USES OF MODAL VERBS

Modal Function Example

can To express ability I can speak English.

can To offer help Can I help you?

can To ask for permission Can I go out now?

may To express possibility I may visit you.

https://t.me/sirplz may To ask for permission May I go out now?

must To express obligation I must go to school.

should To give advice You should read.

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THE USES OF MODAL VERBS

Modal Function Example

would To ask about Would you like tea
preference or coffee?

would To show necessity I would like to help
you.

would To make suggestion If I were you, I
would go to school.
https://t.me/sirplz
ought To express uncertain The police might
catch the thief.

could To express ability (in I could help you
the past tense) with your English.

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https://t.me/sirplz LINKING VERBS

• Linking verb is a verb that describe subject by
connecting it to the predicate adjective or
predicate noun.

• Words ‘is’, ‘feel’, ‘become’, ‘appear’, ‘look’,
‘am’, ‘are’, ‘come’, ‘fell’, ‘stay’, ‘seem’, ‘taste’,
‘remain’, etc. are linking verbs.

• Example
1) feel : Hakim feels dizzy.
2) is : Hakim’s parents are teachers.
3) become : He becomes a successful person.
4) appear: He appears thin.
5) look : He looks skinny.
6) am : I am seven years old.

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https://t.me/sirplz LINKING VERBS

•
7) stay: His cats has dead but he stayed calm.
8) fell : Elena fell asleep.
9) come: He was acquitted from the charges.
Now, he came clean.
10) seem: The food seems tasty.
11) taste: The coffee tastes bitter.
12) remain: Hakim was accused of stealing but
he remained silent.

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https://t.me/sirplz Sirplz Collections

ohAovftdatedhAehprmvresdpbeeacrvesrenre,nbanirsabtsdeb.ydevroTspjee,hfeharcaoestbrtnwyieisovdm.efmswTeaso,oado,hmddarveaeedivdrnftersevdyhbretiatbsrtnohrshbgoee:esf
frequency.

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