เคมีอินทรีย์ ภาคเรียนที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2565

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน วิชา เคมี

เคมีอินทรีย์

วิชาเคมี ว33225 ภาคเรียนที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2565

ครูผู้สอน นางสาวศยามล เมฆวงค์
กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
โรงเรียนจอมทอง สำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษาเชียงใหม่

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ความรู้พ้ืนฐานเกี่ยวกับสารประกอบอินทรีย์

à¤ÁÕÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì (Organic Chemistry)

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ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁոҵؤÒÃìºÍ¹à»ç¹Í§¤ì»ÃСͺ Êèǹã˭辺ã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ«Öè§ÁըӹǹÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ
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1. ÊÒ÷Õèà»ç¹ÍÑ­ÃÙ»¢Í§¸ÒµØ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ àªè¹ ྪà á¡Ã俵ì áÅпÙÅàÅÍÃÕ¹

2. ÍÍ¡ä«´¢ì ͧ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ àª¹è ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹Á͹͡䫴ì (CO) áÅФÒúì ͹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ì (CO2)
3. ¡Ã´¤ÒÃìºÍ¹Ô¡ (H2CO3)
4. à¡ÅÍ× ¤ÒÃìºÍ๵áÅÐäÎâ´Ãਹ¤Òúì Í๵ હè â«à´ÕÂÁ¤ÒÃìºÍ๵ (Na2CO3) áÅÐâ«à´ÂÕ ÁäÎâ´Ãਹ¤ÒÃìºÍ๵ (NaHCO3)
5. à¡Å×ÍÍÍ¡«Òàŵ àªè¹ â«à´ÕÂÁÍÍ¡«Òàŵ (Na2C2O4)
6. à¡Å×Íä«ÂÒä¹´ì àªè¹ â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁä«ÂÒä¹´ì (KCN)
7. à¡Å×Íä«ÂÒ๵ àªè¹ áÍÁâÁà¹ÕÂÁä«ÂÒ๵ (NH4OCN)
8. à¡Å×Íä·âÍä«ÂÒ๵ àªè¹ â¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁä·âÍä«ÂÒ๵ (KSCN)
9. à¡Å×ͤÒÃì亴ì àªè¹ á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ¤ÒÃì亴ì (CaC2)
10. ÊÒûÃСͺÍè×¹ æ ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ àªè¹ ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ä´«ÑÅä¿´ì (CS2) ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹àµµÃФÅÍäôì (CCl4)

ÊÒûÃСͺ͹Թ·ÃÕÂì (inorganic compound)
ÊÒûÃСͺ͹Թ·ÃÕÂì ËÁÒ¶֧ ÊÒûÃСͺÍ×è¹ æ ·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì

«Öè§ÊÒûÃСͺ͹Թ·ÃÕÂì»ÃСͺ´éǸҵصèÒ§ æ ¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ àªè¹ â«à´ÕÂÁ¤ÅÍäôì (NaCl) á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ
¤Òúì Í๵ (CaCO3) â¾á·Êà«ÂÕ Áà»ÍÃáì Á§¡Ò๵ (KMnO4) ¤Í»à»ÍÃì (II) «ÅÑ à¿µ (CuSO4)

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2. ÊèǹãË­èà»ç¹ÊÒÃâ¤àÇàŹµì

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ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì ÊÒûÃСͺ͹Թ·ÃÕÂì

3. ¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇáÅШشà´×Í´µèÓ Â¡àÇé¹ ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì 3. ËÒ¡à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÍÍ͹ԡËÃ×ÍÊÒÃâ¤àÇàŹµìâ¤Ã§¼ÅÖ¡

·èÕà»ç¹¾ÍÅÔàÁÍÃìºÒ§ª¹Ô´ ÃèÒ§µÒ¢èÒ¨ÐÁըشËÅÍÁàËÅÇÊÙ§ áµèËÒ¡à»ç¹ÊÒÃâ¤àÇàŹµì¨ÐÁÕ

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4. àÁ×è͵Դ俨Ðä´éá¡êʤÒÃìºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ìËÃ×Íà¢ÁèÒÊմӢͧ¸ÒµØ 4. àÁ×è͵Դä¿ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺá¡êÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ¨Ðä´é¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ì

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5. ÁÕ·Ñé§ÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹Óéä´éáÅÐäÁèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹Óé 5. ÁÕ·éѧÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹Óéä´éáÅÐäÁèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹Óé

6. à¡Ô´»ÃÒ¡¯¡ÒóìäÍâ«àÁÍÃÔ«ÖÁ (isomerism) ¤×Í ÊÒà 6. äÁèà¡Ô´»ÃÒ¡¯¡ÒóìäÍâ«àÁÍÃÔ«ÖÁ

ÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹áµèÁÕÊÁºÑµÔᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹·ÓãËé

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Wohler) ¹Ñ¡à¤ÁÕªÒÇàÂÍÃÁѹÊÒÁÒöÊѧà¤ÃÒÐËì¢Öé¹ä´éã¹ ¤.È. 1828 â´Â¹ÓáÍÁâÁà¹ÕÂÁä«ÂÒ๵ (NH4CNO) «Öè§à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺ

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C2Cl2F4 C12H22O11 CH2O MgC2
C2H6O HCOOH
KHCO3 NaOCN CH3NH2

CO CCl4

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ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺÂèÍ ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ¼ÊÁ ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺàʹé áÅÐÁÁØ

1. (CH3)3C(CH2)3CH3

2. (CH3)4C

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ªÑé¹Á¸Ñ ÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÙÊé ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §áººÂèÍ ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §áºº¼ÊÁ à¤ÁÍÕ ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ì ˹éÒ 7
3. CH3(CH2)2COCH2CH3
ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺàʹé áÅÐÁØÁ

4. (CH3)3C CH2C≡C(CH2)2 CH3

5. CH3CH=C(CH2CH3)CH(OH)CH2Br

µÍ¹·Õè 3 ¨§à¢Õ¹ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §áººÅÔÇÍÊÔ áÅÐẺ¼ÊÁ¨Ò¡ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §µÍè 仹ÕéµÍè 仹Õé

ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ¼ÊÁ ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺÅÔÇÍÔÊ

1. (CH3)3C(CH2)3 CH3

2. (CH3)4C

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ªÑé¹ÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼éÊ٠͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé § ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ¼ÊÁ à¤ÁÕÍÔ¹·ÃÂÕ ì ˹éÒ 8
3. CH3(CH2)2COCH2CH3
ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺÅÇÔ ÍÔÊ

4. (CH3)3CCH2C≡C(CH2)2CH3

5.
9.

6.

7.

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ª¹Ñé ÁѸÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»Õ·Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼éÊ٠͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ¼ÊÁ à¤ÁÍÕ Ô¹·ÃÕÂì ˹Òé 9
8.
ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺÅÇÔ ÍÊÔ

9.

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ªé¹Ñ ÁѸÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼éÊ٠͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ì ˹Òé 10

äÍâ«àÁÍÃÔ«ÖÁ

»ÃÒ¡¯¡Òóì·ÕèÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂìÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹áµèÁÕÊÁºÑµÔµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ äÍâ«àÁÍÃÔ«ÖÁ(isomerism) áÅÐ
àÃÕ¡ÊÒÃáµèÅЪ¹Ô´ÇèÒ äÍâ«àÁÍÃì (isomer) äÍâ«àÁÍÃì·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹áµèÁÕÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§µèÒ§¡Ñ¹ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ äÍâ«àÁÍÃìâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§
(structural isomer) ÈÖ¡ÉÒä´é´Ñ§µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
µÇÑ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè 1 ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕʵ٠ÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅ C4H8 Á¡Õ ÕèäÍâ«àÁÍÃì

C4H8 à¡Ô´äÍâ«àÁÍÃäì ´é 5 äÍâ«àÁÍÃì à¢Õ¹ʵ٠Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §ä´´é §Ñ ¹éÕ

µÇÑ ÍÂÒè §·èÕ 2 ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕÁè Õʵ٠ÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅ C5H12 Á¡Õ Õäè Íâ«àÁÍÃì
C5H12 à¡Ô´äÍâ«àÁÍÃìä´é 3 äÍâ«àÁÍÃì à¢ÂÕ ¹ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §ä´´é §Ñ ¹Õé

µÑÇÍÂèÒ§·Õè 3 ÊÒûÃСͺ·èÁÕ Õʵ٠ÃâÁàÅ¡ÅØ C2H6O Á¡Õ ÕèäÍâ«àÁÍÃì
C2H6O à¡´Ô äÍâ«àÁÍÃäì ´é 2 äÍâ«àÁÍÃì à¢ÂÕ ¹ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧ䴴é ѧ¹Õé

¨Ò¡µÇÑ ÍÂèÒ§ ÊÃ»Ø ËÅÑ¡¡ÒþԨÒóÒÇèÒÊÒÃ໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡Ñ¹ ¤×Í ÊÒõéͧÁÕʵ٠ÃâÁàÅ¡ÅØ àËÁÍ× ¹¡¹Ñ áµÁè ÊÕ ÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §µèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ËÒ¡ÁÊÕ µÙ Ã
âÁàÅ¡ØÅáÅÐÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹¨ÐáÊ´§ÇèÒà»ç¹ÊÒÃà´ÕÂǡѹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØŨҡâ«èµÃ§à»ç¹â«è¡èÔ§
áÅШҡâ«è¡Ôè§à»ç¹áººÇ§ ÃÇÁ·Ñ駡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹µÓá˹觢ͧ¾Ñ¹¸Ð¤Ùè ËÃ×;ѹ¸ÐÊÒÁÃÐËÇèÒ§ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ ¨Ð·ÓãËéà¡Ô´â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ãËÁè«Ö觵èÒ§¡ç
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ËÅ¡Ñ ¡ÒÃà¢ÂÕ ¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì

ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì ãËé¾Ô¨ÒóҨҡÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅ¡è͹ÇèÒà»ç¹ÊÒûÃÐàÀ·ã´ áÅéǨ֧¹ÓÁÒà¢Õ¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì ¡Ã³Õ·Õèà»ç¹â«èà»Ô´¨Ð
àÃÔèÁà¢Õ¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¨Ò¡µÑÇ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹µè͡ѹà»ç¹ÊÒÂÂÒÇ·ÕèÊØ´¡è͹ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨֧Ŵ¤ÇÒÁÂÒǢͧ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ Ẻǧ¨ÐàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡Ç§¢¹Ò´àÅç¡¡è͹
¤×Í àÃÁèÔ ¨Ò¡¤Òúì ͹ 3 ÍеÍÁ áÅÇé ¨Ö§à¾èÔÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹¤Òúì ͹¤Ã§Ñé ÅÐÍеÍÁµÒÁÅӴѺ
µÇÑ ÍÂÒè §·èÕ 4 ÊÒûÃСͺ·èÁÕ ÊÕ ÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé § ¡ ¢ áÅÐ ¤ µèÍ仹Õé ໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡¹Ñ ËÃ×ÍäÁè

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ªéѹÁ¸Ñ ÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤Ã¼Ù éÙÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ Ô¹·ÃÕÂì ˹éÒ 11

¨Ò¡â¨·Â쾺ÇèÒ ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ ¡ ¢ áÅÐ ¤ ÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ ¤×Í C8H18 â´ÂÊÒà ¢ ÁÕÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§
àËÁ×͹¡ÑºÊÒà ¡ (ÁÕ – CH3 à¡ÒзÕèµÓáË¹è§ 2 áÅÐ 4 ¢Í§â«èÂÒÇàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹) ¨Ö§à»ç¹ÊÒÃà´ÕÂǡѹ ÊèǹÊÒà ¤ ÁÕÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§µèÒ§¨Ò¡
ÊÒà ¡ áÅÐ ¢ ¨Ö§à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍâì ͧÊÒà ¡ áÅÐ ¢
µÇÑ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè 5 ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÊÕ µÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé § ¡ ¢ ¤ § áÅÐ ¨ µÍè 仹éÕ à»¹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ ËÃÍ× äÁè

¨Ò¡â¨·Â쾺ÇèÒ ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ ¡ ¢ ¤ § áÅÐ ¨ ÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ ¤×Í C5H12 â´Â ÊÒà § áÅÐ ¨ ÁÕÊÙµÃ
â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§àËÁ×͹¡ÑºÊÒà ¡ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁըӹǹÍеÍÁ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹¢Í§â«èÂÒÇ 5 ÍеÍÁ (áµèâÁàÅ¡ØÅÍÒ¨â¤é§§Íä´é) ¨Ö§à»ç¹ÊÒÃà´ÕÂǡѹ
ÊèǹÊÒà ¢ áÅÐ ¤ ÁÊÕ ÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §µèÒ§¨Ò¡ÊÒà ¡ § áÅÐ ¨ ¨Ö§à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍâì ͧÊÒà ¡ § áÅÐ ¨
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1. ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅà»ç¹ CH3Cl àÁ×èÍà¢Õ¹ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ
¡ áÅÐ ¢ ÍÒ¨·ÓÒãËéà¢éÒ㨼ԴÇèÒà»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡Ñ¹ áµè¤ÇÒÁเปà»็นç¹สา¨รÃชÔ§นáิดÅéÇà»ç¹ÊÒÃ
à´ÕÂǡѹ«Ö觨ÐàËç¹ÇèÒÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹à¡Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ð¡ÑºÍеÍÁ¢Í§เดäÎยี âว´กÃนัਹ 3 ÍеÍÁ
ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÅÍÃÕ¹ 1 ÍеÍÁ áÅÐà¡Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ðà´èÕÂÇ·éѧËÁ´

2. ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅà»ç¹ C2H4Cl2 àÁ×èÍà¢Õ¹ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ ¡ áÅÐ ¢ «Ö觤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍеÍÁ˹Öè§à¡Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ð¡Ñº
ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÅÍÃչ㹵Óá˹觵èÒ§¡Ñ¹ ¾ºÇèÒ â¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ ¡ áÅÐ ¢ à»ç¹ÊÒÃà´ÕÂǡѹ à¹è×ͧ¨Ò¡¾Ñ¹¸Ðà´èÕÂÇÃÐËÇèÒ§ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹
ËÁعä´éâ´ÂÃͺ ·ÓÒãËéÊÒÁÒöà¢Õ¹µÓá˹觢ͧÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÅÍÃÕ¹äÇé´éҹ㴢ͧÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹¡çä´é

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ªÑ¹é ÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤Ã¼Ù éÙÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÕÍÔ¹·ÃÂÕ ì ˹Òé 12

3. ÊÒûÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØÅà»ç¹ C2H2Cl2 àÁ×èÍà¢Õ¹ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ ¡ áÅÐ ¢ «Öè§ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹à¡Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ð¤Ùè
ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ñ¹ áÅФÒÃìºÍ¹ÍеÍÁ˹Öè§à¡Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ð¡ÑºÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÅÍÃչ㹵Óá˹觵èÒ§¡Ñ¹ ¾ºÇèÒâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺ ¡ áÅÐ ¢ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì
¡Ñ¹ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¾Ñ¹¸Ð¤ÙèÃÐËÇèÒ§ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ËÁعäÁèä´é ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃìẺ «ÔÊ (cis) ¤×Í ÍеÍÁËÃ×Í¡ÅØèÁÍеÍÁ·Õè
àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹¨Ñ´ÍÂèÙ´éÒ¹à´ÕÂǡѹ áÅÐäÍâ«àÁÍÃìẺ ·ÃÒ¹Êì (trans) ¤×Í ÍеÍÁËÃ×Í¡ÅèØÁÍеÍÁ·èÕàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹¨Ñ´ÍÂèÙã¹µÓá˹觵ç¢éÒÁ¡Ñ¹

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1. ¾Ô¨ÒóÒâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹µèÍ仹Õé ¢éÍã´à»ç¹â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ÊÒê¹Ô´à´ÕÂǡѹ

แบบฝึกหัดที่ 5 ไอโซเมอร์

1. ¨§à¢ÂÕ ¹äÍâ«àÁÍ÷ì é§Ñ ËÁ´¢Í§ÊÒÃäÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹·ÁèÕ Õ¤Òúì ͹ 6 ÍеÍÁà¡ÒСѹ´éǾѹ¸Ðà´ÂÕè Ç·§Ñé ËÁ´

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ª¹éÑ ÁѸÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÙéÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÕÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ì ˹Òé 13

2. ¨§à¢Õ¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì·§éÑ ËÁ´¢Í§ÊÒÃäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹·èÁÕ Õ¤Òúì ͹ 6 ÍеÍÁà¡ÒСѹ´éǾ¹Ñ ¸Ð¤Ùè 1 µÓá˹§è áÅÐÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧ໹ç â«àè »Ô´

3. ÊÒûÃÐ¡ÍºÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ µì Íè 仹éàÕ »¹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ ËÃ×ÍäÁè

1. (CH3CH2)2CHCH3 CH3CH2C(CH3)3 £ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍáì ѹ £ äÁàè »¹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡Ñ¹
£ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡¹Ñ £ äÁàè »¹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡Ñ¹
2. CH3COOCH3

£ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ £ äÁèà»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ

3. CH3CH2OH £ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ £ äÁàè »ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍáì ѹ
4. CH3OCH3 (CH3)2 CHCH=CH2 £ ໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ £ äÁàè »ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ
5. CH2=CHCH(CH3)2 (CH3CH2)2CO £ ໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ £ äÁèà»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃ¡ì ¹Ñ
6. CH3(CH2)3CHO CH3NHCH2CH3 £ à»ç¹äÍâ«àÁÍÃì¡¹Ñ £ äÁàè »¹ç äÍâ«àÁÍáì ѹ
7. (CH3)3N (CH3)2CHCH2Cl £ ໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍáì ѹ £ äÁè໹ç äÍâ«àÁÍáì ѹ
8. (CH3)2CCl2

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à¤ÁÍÕ ¹Ô ·ÃÕÂì ˹Òé 14

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(functional group) ÊÁºÑµÔµèÒ§ æ ¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì¨Ð¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ìªÑ¹·Õèà»ç¹Í§¤ì»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÊÒùÑé¹ àªè¹ ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ
à¤ÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÅÐÅÒ ¨Ø´à´×Í´ ¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇ ¨Ö§ÁÑ¡ãªéËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ìªÑ¹à»ç¹à¡³±ì㹡ÒèÓṡ»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì
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ͧ¤ì»ÃСͺÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 »ÃÐàÀ· ä´éá¡è ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹·ÕÁè àÕ ©¾ÒиҵäØ Îâ´ÃਹáÅФÒúì ͹¡ÑºÊÒûÃСͺ·ÁÕè ËÕ Áèٿѧ¡ìª¹Ñ

µÒÃÒ§·èÕ 1.2 »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§ÊÒûÃÐ¡ÍºÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ·ì ÁèÕ ËÕ ÁÙ¿è §Ñ ¡ìªÑ¹áÅЪèÍ× ËÁèٿѧ¡ìª¹Ñ

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áÍŤ¹Õ ¾¹Ñ ¸Ð¤èÙÃÐËÇèÒ§ C

(double bond)

áÍÅä¤¹ì ¾¹Ñ ¸ÐÊÒÁÃÐËÇÒè § C ÍÕä·¹ì
áÍÅ¡ÍÎÍÅì (triple bond) àÍ·Ò¹ÍÅ

äδÃÍ¡«Õ (hydroxy)

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áÍÅ´äÕ Î´ì (ä´àÁ·ÔÅÍÕà·ÍÃì)
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(carboxaldehyde) àÁ·Ò¹ÒÅ
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ËÃÍ× ¡Ã´¤ÒÃìºÍ¡«ÅÕ Ô¡ (¡Ã´áÍ«ÔµÔ¡)

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àÍÊà·ÍÃì áÍŤ͡«¤Õ ÒÃìºÍ¹ÔÅ
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แบบฝึกหัดท่ี 6

1. ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧ㹢éÍã´¨Ñ´à»¹ç ¿Õ¹ÍÅ

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1. ÍÐÅÔ¿ÒµÔ¡ (aliphatic) ËÃ×ÍÍÐ䫤ÅÔ¡ (acyclic) à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·ÕèÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺâ«èà»Ô´
áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 »ÃÐàÀ· ¤×Í áººâ«èµÃ§ à»ç¹â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§·Õè»ÃСͺ´éÇÂÍеÍÁ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹àÃÕ§µÑǵèÍà¹×èͧ¡Ñ¹à¾Õ§á¹Ç
à´ÕÂÇ áÅÐẺ⫡è è§Ô ໹ç â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§·ÕÁè ÕÍеÍÁ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹àª×Íè ÁµÍè ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡¡ÇÒè 1 á¹Ç

2. ¤ÒÃìâºä«¤ÅÔ¡ (carbocyclic) à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·ÕèÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÃéҧẺâ«è»Ô´ËÃ×ÍẺǧ
áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 3 »ÃÐàÀ· ¤×Í ÍÐÅÔ䫤ÅÔ¡ (alicyclic) à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·Õè¤ÒÃìºÍ¹µè͡ѹà»ç¹
ǧàηà·ÍâÃ䫤ÅÔ¡ (heterocyclic) à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·Õè¤ÒÃìºÍ¹µè͡ѹà»ç¹Ç§áÅÐã¹Ç§ÁÕÍеÍÁÍ×è¹ áÅÐ
ÍÐâÃÁÒµÔ¡ (aromatic) à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·èÕÁÕǧູ«¹Õ ໹ç ͧ¤ì»ÃСͺ

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แบบฝึกหัดที่ 7 ประเภทของสารประกอบอินทรีย์

1. ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹µÍè 仹àéÕ »ç¹ÍÐÅÔ¿ÒµÔ¡äÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹ ÍÐÅäÔ «¤Å¡Ô äÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹ ËÃÍ× ÍÐâÃÁÒµ¡Ô äÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹

2. ÃкتÍ×è ¢Í§ËÁèٿѧ¡ìªÑ¹áÅлÃÐàÀ·¢Í§ÊÒûÃÐ¡ÍºÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ µì Íè 仹éÕ
2.1 CH3CH2CH2COOH
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………
2.2 HCOOCH3
………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
2.3 CH3OCH2CH3
…………………………………………………………............……………………………………………………………………………………
2.4 CH3CH2CH2OH
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………
2.5 CH3COCH2CH3
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………
2.6 HCHO
…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………
2.7 CH3CH2NH2
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………
2.8 HCONH2
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………

3. ÊÒûÃÐ¡ÍºÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ìµÍè 仹Õàé »¹ç ÊÒûÃÐàÀ·à´ÕÂǡѹËÃÍ× äÁè ÍÂèÒ§äÃ
3.1 CH3OCH2CH3 ¡Ñº CH3CH2CH2OCH3
…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
3.2 (CH3)2CHOH ¡Ñº CH3CH2CHO
………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………

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3.3 CH3COOCH2CH3 ¡Ñº CH3CH2CH2COOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………
3.4 CH3CH2CONH2 ¡ºÑ (CH3)2CHNH2
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
3.5 CH3COCH3 ¡ºÑ CH3CH2OCH3
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
3.6 CH3CONH2 ¡ºÑ CH3CH2NH2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………

4. ¨§ºÍ¡ËÁ¿Ùè ѧ¡ìªÑ¹¢Í§ÊÒÃÍ¹Ô ·ÃÕÂìµÍè 仹Õé ËÁ¿Ùè ѧ¡ªì ѹ¤×Í ....................................................................
1.

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3. ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ìª¹Ñ ¤×Í ....................................................................

4. ËÁÙ¿è ѧ¡ªì ѹ¤×Í ....................................................................

5. ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìª¹Ñ ¤×Í ....................................................................
6. ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ªì ¹Ñ ¤×Í ....................................................................
7. ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ªì ѹ¤×Í ....................................................................
8. ËÁè¿Ù ѧ¡ìª¹Ñ ¤×Í ....................................................................

9. ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìªÑ¹¤×Í ....................................................................

10. ËÁÙ¿è ѧ¡ìªÑ¹¤Í× ....................................................................

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5. ¾¨Ô ÒóҨҡÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§ÊÒÃÍ¹Ô ·ÃÕµì èÍ仹éáÕ ÅÇé ºÍ¡ªÍ×è ËÁèÙ¿§Ñ ¡ªì ѹµÒÁ·ÁèÕ Õǧ¡ÅÁÅéÍÁÃͺ
1. ËÁ¿è٠ѧ¡ìªÑ¹·ÕèµÓáË¹è§ (¡) ¤Í× ....................................................
ËÁ¿è٠ѧ¡ªì ѹ·ÕèµÓá˹§è (¢) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìª¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓáË¹è§ (¤) ¤Í× ....................................................

2.
ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìªÑ¹·µèÕ Óá˹§è (¡) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ìªÑ¹·µÕè Óá˹§è (¢) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁ¿Ùè §Ñ ¡ªì ѹ·µèÕ ÓáË¹è§ (¤) ¤Í× ....................................................

3. ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìªÑ¹·µèÕ ÓáË¹è§ (¡) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁ¿èÙ §Ñ ¡ìª¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓá˹§è (¢) ¤Í× ....................................................

4. ËÁ¿è٠ѧ¡ªì ¹Ñ ·µÕè ÓáË¹è§ (¡) ¤Í× ....................................................
ËÁèٿѧ¡ªì ѹ·µÕè Óá˹§è (¢) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ªì ѹ·ÕèµÓáË¹è§ (¤) ¤×Í ....................................................

5. ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ìª¹Ñ ·µèÕ Óá˹§è (¡) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ìª¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓá˹§è (¢) ¤×Í ....................................................

6. ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ªì ѹ·µèÕ ÓáË¹è§ (¡) ¤Í× ....................................................

7. ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ªì ¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓáË¹è§ (¡) ¤Í× ...........................................
ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ªì ¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓáË¹è§ (¢) ¤×Í ...........................................
ËÁ¿Ùè ѧ¡ìª¹Ñ ·µÕè ÓáË¹è§ (¤) ¤×Í ...........................................

8. ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ìªÑ¹·µèÕ Óá˹§è (¡) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁÙè¿§Ñ ¡ªì ѹ·µèÕ Óá˹§è (¢) ¤×Í ....................................................
ËÁÙè¿Ñ§¡ìª¹Ñ ·èµÕ Óá˹§è (¤) ¤Í× ....................................................
ËÁ¿Ùè §Ñ ¡ªì ¹Ñ ·ÕèµÓá˹§è (§) ¤Í× ....................................................

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สารประกอบไฮโดรคาร์บอน

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û٠àΡૹ (C6H14) áÅФÒúì ͹൵ÃФÅÍäôì (CCl4) äÁÅè ÐÅÒÂã¹¹Óé

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3. âÁàÅ¡ØÅäÁèÁÕ¢éÑÇÅÐÅÒÂã¹âÁàÅ¡ØÅäÁèÁÕ¢éÑÇËÃ×ÍäÁè …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ¹Ñ¡àÃÕ¹¤Ô´ÇèÒ ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éÓä´éËÃ×ÍäÁè à¾ÃÒÐà˵Øã´ ……………………………………………………………
5. ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éÓä´éËÃ×ÍäÁè ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. ¨Ø´ËÅÍÁàËÅÇáÅШشà´×Í´¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺ äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÁÕá¹Çâ¹éÁÍÂèÒ§äà ………………………………………………………………
7. ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÁÕʶҹÐÍÐäúéÒ§ …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. ¤ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹è¹¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ ÁÕá¹Çâ¹éÁÍÂèÒ§äà ……………………………………………………………………………

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1. ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹Áըشà´×Í´µèÓ µÔ´ä¿§èÒ ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍÔèÁµÑÇ«Öè§ÁոҵؤÒÃìºÍ¹à»ç¹Í§¤ì»ÃСͺ¹éÍÂ

àÁ×èÍà¼ÒäËÁé¨Ðä´éà»ÅÇä¿ÊÇèÒ§äÁèÁÕà¢ÁèÒ ÊèǹÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÑÇàÁ×èÍà¼ÒäËÁé ¨Ðä´éà»ÅÇä¿ÁÕà¢ÁèÒ â´ÂÊÒ÷ÕèÁոҵؤÒÃìºÍ¹à»ç¹
ͧ¤»ì ÃСͺÁÒ¡¨ÐÁÕà¢ÁÒè ÁÒ¡

µÇÑ ÍÂèÒ§·èÕ 1 à»ÃÂÕ ºà·ÂÕ º»ÃÁÔ Ò³à¢ÁÒè ·Õàè ¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁàé Ρૹ ä«â¤ÅàΡ«¹Õ áÅÐູ«¹Õ

àÁè×ÍÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìÍѵÃÒÊÇè ¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¨Ó¹Ç¹ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¸ÒµäØ Îâ´Ãਹ¡ºÑ ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ã¹âÁàÅ¡ÅØ ¢Í§ÊÒà 䴴é ѧ¹Õé

ÊÒÃ ÍµÑ ÃÒÊèǹÃÐËÇèÒ§ H : C

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ູ«Õ¹ (C6H6) 1:1

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2. à»ÃÕºà·Õº»ÃÔÁÒ³à¢ÁèÒ·èÕä´é¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéàΡૹ ä«â¤ÅàΡ«Õ¹ áÅÐູ«Õ¹ ä´éÍÂèÒ§äÃ

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3. »ÃÔÁÒ³à¢ÁèÒ·èÕä´é¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁ¢éÖ¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÍÐäà ÍÂèÒ§äà ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéÁÕ¡èÕ»ÃÐàÀ· ÍÐäúéÒ§ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ª¹éÑ ÁѸÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÙéÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

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1. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé

»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé (combustion reaction) à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ÊÒÃà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺá¡êÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺ
äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 »ÃÐàÀ· ä´éá¡è

1. ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéÊÁºÙóì (complete combustion) à»ç¹¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé·Õèä´é¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìà»ç¹á¡êʤÒÃìºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ìáÅйéÓ
à»ç¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¤Ò¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡Ò÷ÑèÇä»ä´é´Ñ§¹éÕ

àªè¹ ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéÊÁºÙóì¢Í§â¾Ãྐྵ à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ä´é´Ñ§¹éÕ
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéÊÁºÙóì¢Í§à¾¹à·¹ à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ä´é´Ñ§¹éÕ
2C5H10(l) + 15O2(g) → 10CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)

2. ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéäÁèÊÁºÙóì (incomplete combustion) à»ç¹¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé·Õèä´é¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìà»ç¹¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ì

¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÁÍ¹Í¡ä«´ì ¹éÓ áÅÐà¢ÁèÒ (¼§¤ÒÃìºÍ¹)

¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡Òà áÊ´§¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé¨ÐµéͧÃкآéÍÁÙÅãËé¨Ö§¨Ðà¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃä´é àªè¹ ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§

àÁ×è͹ÓÁÒ 1 âÁÅ à¼ÒäËÁéã¹ÍÒ¡ÒȨÐä´éá¡êʤÒÃìºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ì 2 âÁÅ ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹Á͹͡䫴ì 3 âÁÅáÅйéÓ 1 âÁÅãªéá¡êÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ

㹡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé 6 âÁÅ à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒõÒÁ¢éÍÁÙÅ·Õè¡Ó˹´ãËéáÅéÇ´ØÅÊÁ¡ÒÃà¾è×ÍËÒÊÙµÃà¤ÁբͧÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé

¨Ò¡â¨·Âì CxHy + 6O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3CO(g) + H2O(g)

´ØÅÊÁ¡ÒÃ C5H10 + 6O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3CO(g) + 5H2O(g)

´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ª¹Ô´¹éÕÁÕÊÙµÃà¤ÁÕà»ç¹ C5H10

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¹éÓà¡Ô´¢éÖ¹ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¨ÁÕ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹à¡Ô´¢éÖ¹¡çä´é ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁé¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÊÁºÙóìÍÒ¨à¡Ô´à¹è×ͧÁÒ¨Ò¡

• »ÃÔÁÒµÃá¡êÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ·èÕãªé㹡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéäÁèà¾Õ§¾Í

• ËÒ¡ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÁըӹǹÍеÍÁ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹à·èҡѹ ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ã´ÁըӹǹÍеÍÁ
äÎâ´Ãਹ¹éͨÐÁÕà¢ÁèÒÁÒ¡ àªè¹ C3H8, C3H6 áÅÐ C3H4 ¨ÐàËç¹ÇèÒ C3H4 ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³à¢ÁèÒÁÒ¡·èÕÊØ´áÅÐ C3H8
ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³à¢ÁèÒ¹éÍ·èÕÊØ´ËÃ×Íà¢ÁèÒ·èÕà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ C3H4 > C3H6 > C3H8

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ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèÒ§àΡૹ¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍÔèÁµÑÇ àªè¹ àΡૹ äÁèà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵ (KMnO4) «Öè§
ÁÕÊÕÁèǧᴧ ·ÓãËéÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵ÁÕÊÕÁèǧᴧ¤§à´ÔÁ

ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèÒ§ä«â¤ÅàΡ«Õ¹¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÑÇ àªè¹ ä«â¤Å àΡ«Õ¹ à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵ â´Â¡Òÿ͡¨Ò§
Ê·Õ ÓãËéÊÕÁÇè §á´§¢Í§ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃáì Á§¡Ò๵¨Ò§ËÒÂä» áÅÐà¡´Ô µÐ¡Í¹Ê¹Õ éÓµÒÅà¢éÁ¢Í§áÁ§¡Ò¹ÕÊ (IV) ÍÍ¡ä«´ì (MnO2)

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ÊÒûÃСͺÍÐâÃÁÒµÔ¡äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ àªè¹ ູ«Õ¹ äÁèà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵ ·ÓãËé
ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵ ÁÕÊÕÁèǧᴧ¤§à´ÔÁ

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ªÑ¹é Á¸Ñ ÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÙéÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÕÍ¹Ô ·ÃÂÕ ì ˹Òé 27

3. ¡Ò÷ӻ¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍèÔÁµÑÇ àªè¹ àΡૹ à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹ (Br2) ã¹·èÕÊÇèÒ§ â´Â¡Òÿ͡¨Ò§ÊÕ·Ó

ãËéÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹à»ÅèÕ¹¨Ò¡ÊÕÊéÁ¹éÓµÒÅà»ç¹äÁèÁÕÊÕáÅÐà¡Ô´á¡êÊ·èÕÁÕÊÁºÑµÔà»ç¹¡Ã´ áµèã¹·èÕÁ×´ äÁèà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ

ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèÒ§àΡૹ¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÑÇ àªè¹ ä«â¤ÅàΡ«Õ¹ à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹ä´é·Ñé§ã¹·ÕèÁ×´áÅзÕèÊÇèÒ§
â´Â¡Òÿ͡¨Ò§ÊբͧÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹ áµèäÁèà¡Ô´á¡êÊ·èÕÁÕÊÁºÑµÔà»ç¹¡Ã´

ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèÒ§ä«â¤ÅàΡ«Õ¹¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹
ÊÒûÃСͺÍÐâÃÁÒµÔ¡äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ àªè¹ ູ«Õ¹ äÁèà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹ ·ÓãËéÊÒÃÅÐÅÒ âºÃÁÕ¹ÁÕÊÕÊéÁ
¹éÓµÒŤ§à´ÔÁ

ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèҧູ«Õ¹¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹
ÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§à¤ÁÕºÒ§»ÃСÒâͧÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ ä´éá¡è ¡Ò÷ӻ¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵
áÅСÒ÷ӻ¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂҡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹ ÊÒÁÒöÊÃØ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒä´é´Ñ§¹Õé

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ªé¹Ñ ÁѸÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÊÙé ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

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»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè (substitution reaction) à»ç¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·ÕèÍеÍÁ¢Í§äÎâ´Ãਹã¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ãì¤ÒÃìºÍ¹¶Ù¡
á·¹·èÕ´éÇÂÍеÍÁ¢Í§¸ÒµØÍ×蹫èÖ§à¡Ô´¡ÑºÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍÔèÁµÑÇáÅÐà¡Ô´ã¹·ÕèÊÇèÒ§à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ àÁ×èÍàΡૹà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ
¡ÑºâºÃÁչ㹷ÕèÊÇèÒ§ ÍеÍÁ¢Í§âºÃÁÕ¹¨Ðà¢éÒá·¹·ÕèÍеÍÁ¢Í§äÎâ´Ãਹã¹âÁàÅ¡ØŢͧàΡૹ à¡Ô´âºÃâÁàΡૹ¡Ñºá¡êÊäÎâ´Ãਹ
âºÃäÁ´ì·ÕèÁÕÊÁºÑµÔà»ç¹¡Ã´ «Ö觨Ѵà»ç¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè´éÇÂáÎâÅਹ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒáÎâŨÕ๪ѹ (halogenation reaction)
à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ä´é´Ñ§¹éÕ

¨Ò¡»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒà»ç¹¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè´éÇÂâºÃÁÕ¹ ÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ âºÃÁÔ๪ѹ (bromination) áµèËÒ¡à»ç¹¡ÒÃá·¹·èÕ´éǤÅÍÃÕ¹
ÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ¤ÅÍÃÔ๪ѹ (chlorination)

á¡êÊäÎâ´ÃਹâºÃäÁ´ì·Õèà¡Ô´¢éÖ¹àÁ×èÍÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éÓ¨Ðà¡Ô´à»ç¹¡Ã´äÎâ´ÃâºÃÁÔ¡ ËÒ¡¹Ó¡ÃдÒÉÅÔµÁÑʪé×¹ÊÕ¹éÓà§Ô¹ä»Íѧà˹×Í
ËÅÍ´·´Åͧ ¡ÃдÒÉÅÔµÁÑʨÐà»ÅèÕ¹à»ç¹ÊÕá´§

ÃÙ»»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÃÐËÇèÒ§àΡૹ¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâºÃÁÕ¹

ÊèÔ§·èÕ¤Ç÷ÃÒºà¡èÕÂǡѺ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·èÕ
1. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍèÔÁµÑǡѺÊÒÃÅÐÅÒ¢ͧ ¸ÒµØáÎâÅਹËÃ×͸ҵØËÁèÙ VIIA â´Â¸ÒµØ

áÎâÅਹ¨Ðà¢éÒä»á·¹·èÕÍеÍÁ¢Í§äÎâ´Ãਹ ã¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍÔèÁµÑÇ·ÕÅÐÍеÍÁ¨¹à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÊÁºÙóì àªè¹
¡ÒÃà¡´Ô »¯¡Ô ÃÔ ÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·ÕÃè ÐËÇèÒ§ÁàÕ ·¹ (CH4) ¡ºÑ ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒ¤ÅÍÃ¹Õ (Cl2) 㹤ÒÃìºÍ¹àµµÃФÅÍäôì (CCl4) à¢ÂÕ ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ä´é´Ñ§¹éÕ

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ª¹éÑ ÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»Õ·Õè 6 l ¤Ã¼Ù ÙéÊ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ Ô¹·ÃÕÂì ˹Òé 29

2. ¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ì·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·èÕÍÒ¨ÁÕÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 1 äÍâ«àÁÍÃì «èÖ§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡ÍеÍÁ¢Í§¸ÒµØ à¢éÒá·¹·èÕÍеÍÁ¢Í§
äÎâ´Ãਹ·èÕµè͡Ѻ¤ÒÃìºÍ¹µÓá˹觵èÒ§ æ â´ÂÍÒ¨ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§áµèÅÐäÍâ«àÁÍÃì ᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ àªè¹

àÁ×èÍà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¡ÑºâºÃÁÕ¹ ÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊà¡Ô´¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìä´é 4 äÍâ«àÁÍÃì (ËÒ¡ÍеÍÁ¢Í§âºÃÁÕ¹à¢éÒá·¹·ÕèÍеÍÁ¢Í§
äÎâ´Ãਹä´éà¾Õ§ 1 ÍеÍÁ) ´Ñ§¹Õé

3. ÊÒûÃСͺÍÐâÃÁÒµÔ¡äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèà¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¡Ñº¸ÒµØáÎâÅਹ·Ñé§ã¹·ÕèÁ×´áÅзÕèÊÇèÒ§ áµèÍÒ¨
à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õèä´éàÁè×ÍÁÕµÑÇàÃ觻¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ àªè¹

»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁ (addition reaction) à¡Ô´¡ÑºÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍèÔÁµÑÇ·ÕèäÁèãªèÍÐâÃÁÒµÔ¡äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹
1. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁáÎâÅਹ ÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒáÎâŨÔ๪ѹẺ¡ÒÃàµÔÁ (halogenation : addition reaction)
â´ÂáÎâÅਹ¨Ðà¢éÒ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·Õè¾Ñ¹¸Ð¤Ùè ËÃ×;ѹ¸ÐÊÒÁ áÅÐä´éÊÒûÃСͺà¾Õ§ 1 ª¹Ô´ àªè¹

2. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¡ÑºÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵à¨×ͨҧã¹
ÊÀÒÇзèÕà»ç¹¡ÅÒ§ËÃ×ÍàºÊàÅ硹éÍ â´ÂËÁÙè -OH 2 ËÁÙè à¢éÒ·Ó»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·Õè¾Ñ¹¸Ð¤Ùè«Öè§
à»ç¹¡Òÿ͡¨Ò§ÊÕÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂâ¾á·Êà«ÕÂÁà»ÍÃìáÁ§¡Ò๵áÅÐà¡Ô´áÁ§¡Ò¹ÕÊ (IV)
ÍÍ¡ä«´ì (MnO2) «èÖ§à»ç¹µÐ¡Í¹ÊÕ¹éÓµÒÅà¢éÁ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÍÍ¡«Ôപѹ
(oxidation reaction) àªè¹

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ª¹Ñé Á¸Ñ ÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·Õ èÕ 6 l ¤Ã¼Ù éÊ٠͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ Ô¹·ÃÕÂì ˹éÒ 30

3. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁäÎâ´Ãਹ㹾ѹ¸Ð¤è٢ͧÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÑÇâ´ÂÁÕâÅËйԡà¡ÔÅ ËÃ×Í á¾Å·Ô¹ÑÁà»ç¹
µÑÇàÃ觻¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒäÎâ´Ã¨Õ๪ѹ (hydrogenation reaction) â´Â»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒäÎâ´Ã¨Õ๪ѹà¡Ô´¡ÑºÊÒûÃСͺ
äÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÑÇ·Ñé§áººâ«èà»Ô´áÅÐâ«è»Ô´áÅÐà»ç¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¤Ò¤ÇÒÁÃé͹àÊÁÍ àªè¹

¾Åѧ§Ò¹·Õè¤ÒÂÍÍ¡ÁÒã¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (2) ÁÕ¤èÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2 à·èҢͧ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (1) ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (3) ¤ÇèФÒ¾Åѧ§Ò¹
à»ç¹ 3 à·èҢͧ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (1) áµè¾ºÇèÒÁÕ¤èÒ¹éÍ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (2) áÊ´§ÇèÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (3) àʶÕÂÃÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ (2) ¨Ö§¤ÒÂ
¾Åѧ§Ò¹¹éÍ¡ÇèÒ

4. »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¹éÓ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒäÎà´ÃªÑ¹ (hydration reaction) «Öè§à»ç¹»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁáÍÅ¡ÍÎÍÅì â´Â
¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¹éÓáÅÐÁաôà»ç¹µÑÇàÃ觻¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ â´Â·ÑèÇ仹ÔÂÁãªé¡Ã´«ÑÅ¿ÔÇÃÔ¡ (H2SO4) ËÃ×͡ô¿ÍÊ¿ÍÃÔ¡ (H3PO4) àªè¹

ÊÃØ»àÃ×èͧÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹
ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍÔèÁµÑÇáÅÐÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍèÔÁµÑÇ

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ªéѹÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÊÙé ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ ¹Ô ·ÃÕÂì ˹Òé 31

ÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹
ÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§à¤ÁբͧÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹

àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇªÔ Ò à¤ÁÕ ªÑ¹é Á¸Ñ ÂÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼éÊ٠͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

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แบบฝึกหัดท่ี 10 สมบัติบางประการของสารประกอบไฮโดรคาร์บอน

¤ÓªÕéᨧ ¨§µÍº¤Ó¶ÒÁµèÍ仹éÕ
1. ¡Ó˹´ÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §¢Í§ÊÒà ¡ ¢ áÅÐ ¤ ËÒ¡¹ÓÊÒ÷éѧ 3 ª¹Ô´ÁÒà¼Òä¿ àÃÂÕ §ÅӴѺÊÒõÒÁà¢ÁèÒ ·èÕà¡´Ô ¢¹éÖ ¨Ò¡Áҡ仹éÍÂ

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2. ÊÒÃáµèÅФèµÙ èÍ仹àÕé ¡´Ô »¯¡Ô ÃÔ ÔÂÒä´éËÃ×ÍäÁè áÅÐàÃÂÕ ¡ÇÒè »¯¡Ô ÔÃÔÂÒÍÐäà ËÒ¡à¡Ô´»¯Ô¡ÔÃÂÔ Òä´é¼ÅÔµÀѳ±àì »ç¹ÊÒÃã´

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3. »¯¡Ô ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¢Í§áÎâÅਹã¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹ÍèÁÔ µÇÑ áÅл¯¡Ô ÃÔ ÔÂÒ¡ÒÃàµÔÁ¢Í§áÎâÅਹã¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÁÍè ÁÔè µÑÇ »¯¡Ô ÔÃÔÂÒã´
à¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ä´é§èÒ¡Çèҡѹ ¾ÃÍé Á·éѧãËé¢Íé ÁÙÅʹºÑ ʹ¹Ø ¤ÓµÍº
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4. ¡Ó˹´ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹ ¡ ¢ ¤ áÅÐ § µèÍ仹Õé

àÃÕ§ÅÓ´ºÑ ÊÒà ¡ ¢ ¤ áÅÐ § ¨Ò¡¨´Ø à´×Í´Áҡ仹éÍÂ
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àÍ¡ÊÒûÃСͺ¡ÒÃàÃÂÕ ¹ÇÔªÒ à¤ÁÕ ªéѹÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·Õ Õè 6 l ¤ÃÙ¼ÙÊé ͹ ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÈÂÒÁÅ àÁ¦Ç§¤ì

à¤ÁÍÕ ¹Ô ·ÃÕÂì ˹éÒ 33

5. ¡Ó˹´ÊÙµÃâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧÊÒà ¡ ¢ ¤ áÅÐ § ÊÒÃã´à»ç¹ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤ÒÃìºÍ¹äÁèÍÔèÁµÇÑ

¡. C2H6 ¢. C3H8 ¤. C4H8 §. C5H10

6. ¾Ô¨ÒóҢéÍÁÙŵèÍ仹ÕÇé Òè ¶Ù¡µÍé §ËÃÍ× äÁè ¾ÃéÍÁ·§éÑ ãËéà˵¼Ø Å áÅÐËÒ¡äÁ¶è Ù¡µÍé §ãËéá¡éä¢ãË¶é ¡Ù µéͧ ¾ÃéÍÁ·Ñé§à¢ÂÕ ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃ

6.1 äÁÅè ÐÅÒ¹Óé
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6.2 à¡´Ô »¯Ô¡ÃÔ ÂÔ Ò¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¡ÑºâºÃÁ¹Õ àÁÍ×è ÁÕáʧÊÇÒè §ä´é
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6.3 ÊÒûÃСͺäÎâ´Ã¤Òúì ͹ 3 ª¹´Ô ´§Ñ ¹Õé

àÁ×è͹Óä»à¼ÒäËÁãé ¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ »ÃÔÁÒ³à¢ÁÒè ·àèÕ ¡Ô´¢¹éÖ àÃÕ§ÅӴѺ¨Ò¡Áҡ仹Íé  ¤×Í ¤ > ¡ > ¢
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6.4 »¯¡Ô ÃÔ ÂÔ ÒµÍè 仹àéÕ ¡´Ô ¢Ö¹é ä´é¨Ã§Ô

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7. à¢Õ¹ÊÁ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁéÊÁºÙóì¢Í§á¡êʺÔÇ·Õ¹ (C4H8) áÅÐËÒ¡ãªéá¡êʺÔÇ·Õ¹ 5 ÅÙ¡ºÒÈ¡ìૹµÔàÁµÃ ¨Ðãªéá¡êÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ»ÃÔÁÒµÃ
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แบบฝึกหัดที่ 12 การอ่านชื่อแอลเคน ª×Íè

1. ¨§à¢Õ¹ªèÍ× áÍÅहáÅÐä«â¤ÅáÍÅह·ÁÕè ÊÕ ÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §µÍè 仹Õé
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1.

2.

3.
4.
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6.

7.
8.
9.

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10.
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12.

13.
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2. ¨§à¢ÂÕ ¹ÊµÙ Ãâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §áºº¼ÊÁáÅÐÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃÒé §áººàʹé áÅÐÁÁØ ¢Í§áÍÅहáÅÐä«â¤ÅáÍÅहµÍè 仹Õé Ẻàʹé áÅÐÁØÁ
ªÍ×è Ẻ¼ÊÁ

1. 2,3-dimethylhexane

2. 3-ethyl-2,3- dimethylhexane

3. 3-methylheptane

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4. 4,4-diethyl-2,5,5- trimethyloctane
Ẻàʹé áÅÐÁØÁ

5. 2,3,4-trimethylpentane

6. 3-ethyl-4,5-dimethyloctane

7. ethylcyclopropane

8. ä«â¤Åàλ෹

9. 3-àÍ·ÔÅàΡૹ

10. 4-àÍ·ÔÅ-2,2-ä´àÁ·ÅÔ ÍÍ¡à·¹

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11. 1,3-ä´àÁ·ÔÅä«â¤Åྐྵ෹
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2. áÍÅहâ«èµÃ§Áըشà´×Í´ÊÙ§¡ÇèÒáÍÅहâ«è¡Ôè§
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3. äÁèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éÓ
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4. äÁè¹Óä¿¿éÒ㹷ءʶҹÐ

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