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_-l-p. k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I h-I-p-¸pa-{-´-n-
c-à-k-m-£-y-w F-I-vk-n-I-y-q-«-o-h-v I-½-n-ä-n
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I I-m-c-y h-I-p-¸-pa-{-´-n (s-N-bÀ-a-m³-) $ ]-p-c-m-h-k-vX-p ]-p-c-m-t-c-J a-y-q-k-n-b-w h-I-p-¸-pa-{-´-n $ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k h-I-p-¸-pa-{-´-n
$ X-t-±-i k-z-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-pa-{-´-n $ A-U-o-j-W N-o-^-v s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, X-t-±-i k-z-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-v $ {-]-n³-k-n-¸Â s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, ]-p-c-m-h-
k-vX-p ]-p-c-m-t-c-J a-y-q-k-n-b-w h-I-p-¸-v $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-II-m-c-y h-I-p-¸-v $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, s-]-m-X-p h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k h-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-,
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I h-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, h-n-h-c s-]-m-X-p-P-\ k-¼À-¡ h-I-p-¸-v, (P-\-d I¬-h-o-\À-) $ t-U-m.{-]-`-m-I-c³ ]-g-È-n-, s-k-{-I-«-d-n,
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I D-¶-X-kan-Xn- (I¬-h-o-\À-) $ s-{-]-m-^.h-n. I-mÀ-¯-n-t-I-b³ \-m-bÀ-, U-b-d-ÎÀ-, t-I-c-f `-m-j-m C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v.
k-w-Ø-m-\-X-e t-I-mÀI-½-n-ä-n
{-]-n³-k-n-¸Â s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, a-y-q-k-n-b-w-, ]-p-c-m-h-k-vX-p-, ]-p-c-m-t-c-J-mh-I-p-¸-v $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-Ih-I-p-¸-v (I¬-h-o-\À-) $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-,
X-t-±-i k-z-b-w-`-c-Wh-I-p-¸-v $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, s-]-m-X-p h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-kh-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-Ih-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, s-]-m-X-p h-n-Z-y-m-
`-y-m-k-w $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, h-n-h-c s-]-m-X-p-P-\ k-¼À-¡h-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, ]-©-m-b-¯-vh-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, \-K-c-I-m-c-yh-I-p-¸-v $ U-b-d-ÎÀ
P-\-dÂ-, C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v H-m-^-v ]-mÀ-e-s-aâ-d-n A-^-t-b-g-vkv $ F-I-vk-n-I-y-q-«-o-h-v U-b-d-ÎÀ-, I-p-S-p-w-_-{-i-o a-n-j³ $ t-U-m. {-]-`-m-I-c³ ]-g-È-n-,
_-l-p. k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I h-I-p-¸-pa-{-´-nb-p-s-S A-U-o-j-WÂ s-s-{-]-h-ä-v s-k-{-I-«-d-n $ U-b-d-ÎÀ-, t-I-c-f `-m-j-m C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v $ K-m-Ô-n ]-o-k-v
^-u-t-ï-j³ {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n $ s-s-e-{-_-d-n I-u¬-k-n {-]-k-n-Uâv $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, t-I-c-f K-m-Ô-n k-va-m-c-I-\-n-[-n $ t-a-t-b-g-vk-v t-N-¼À {-]-X-n-
\-n-[-n $ a-p³-k-n-¸Â s-N-bÀ-a-m³ t-N-¼À {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n $ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, ]-©-m-b-¯-v A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j³...
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{‑i‑o. ä‑n.-BÀ. k-Z‑m-i‑n-h³-\‑m-bÀ I¬-
Km‑ - Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b "K‑m-Ô‑n-b³-a‑mÀ A-h- h‑o-\-d‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ k‑w-Ø‑m-\
K-W‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-L‑m-X-IÀ t‑I‑mÀ I-½-ä‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
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e‑m-W‑v, t‑I-c-f-kÀ-¡‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p- Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
s‑S F-g‑p-]-X‑m‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-h‑mÀ-
j‑n-I‑w H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w \‑o-ï‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ 2018 P-\‑p-h-c‑n 30- \‑v t‑I-c-f
h‑n-h‑n-[ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S B-N-c‑n- b‑qW‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n s‑k-\-ä‑v l‑m-f‑nÂ
¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨X‑v. a-{‑´‑n-k-`‑m-t‑b‑m- "c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑'¯‑n-s‑â k‑w-Ø‑m-\-X-e
K‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w _-l‑p: t‑I-c-f a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n
C‑u N‑p-a-X-e GÂ-¸‑n-¨-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w {‑i‑o. ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n- h‑n-P-b³ \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-
X-t‑±-i-k‑z-b‑w-`-c-W-h-I‑p-¸‑v, a‑y‑q-k‑n-b‑w‑, ¨‑p. k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑p‑w
]‑p-c‑m-h-k‑v-X‑p‑, ]‑p-c‑m-t‑c-J‑m-h-I‑p-¸‑v, kÀ-Æ‑o-k‑v k‑w-L-S-\m-{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-I-f‑p‑w
h‑nZ‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-h-I‑p-¸‑v F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑p‑w b‑p-h-P-\-§-f‑p‑w
k-l-I-c-W-t‑¯‑m-s‑S t‑I-c-f-¯‑n- \‑n-d-ª k-Z-Ê‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w "c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w‑' B-N-c‑n- P‑oh‑n-X-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w ZÀ-i-\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p-
¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I-h-I‑p-¸‑v a‑p-Å C-S-X‑p-]-£ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑â
X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n {‑]-k‑v- B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y‑w lÀ-j‑m-c-h-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S
X‑p-X-h-I‑p-¸‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S a-{‑´‑n-a‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w k‑z‑m-K-X‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a‑m-\-h‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S
D-¶-t‑X‑m-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-s‑c-b‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p- A-X‑n-P‑o-h-\-¯‑n X‑mÂ-¸-c‑y-a‑p-Å
I‑q-«‑p-I-b‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b-]-²-X‑n-IÄ G-X‑p K-h-s‑×â‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I-S-a-b‑m-W‑v,
B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-t‑µ-i‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-
¡Â F-¶‑v a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n {‑]-kvX‑m-h‑n-
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S‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S B-k‑q-{‑X-W‑w‑, \‑nÀ-Æ-l- I‑q-S‑p-XÂ {‑]-kà-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-
W‑w‑, G-t‑I‑m-]-\‑w F-¶‑n-h-b‑v-¡‑v ¶pw a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-
t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-t‑a-I‑m³ {‑]-a‑p-J- K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ \‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-
k‑w-LS\‑m-t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m- bX‑v F-¶‑pw a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n ]-d-ª‑p.
c‑n-I-\‑m-b-I-·‑m-c‑p‑w D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑p-a-S-
§‑p-¶ k‑w-Ø‑m-\ t‑I‑mÀ-I-½-ä‑n-b‑p‑w a-l‑m-ß-K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-]‑u-{‑X³
P‑n-Ã‑m-t‑I‑mÀ-I-½-ä‑n-b‑p‑w t‑»‑m-¡‑v/a‑p³- {‑i‑o. X‑p-j‑mÀ-K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W‑v a‑p-J‑y-
k‑n-¸‑m-e‑n-ä‑n/t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-j³ t‑I‑mÀ {‑]`‑m-j-W‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑nP‑n‑,
I-½-ä‑n-I-f‑p‑w c‑q-]‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p. t‑I-c-f- A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ‑, I‑mÄ a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑v
¯‑n-s‑e H-«‑p-a‑n-¡ kÀ-Æ-I-e‑m-i‑m- F-¶‑n-h-c‑p-s‑S ZÀ-i-\-§Ä k-a-\‑z-
e-I-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S b‑n-¸‑n-¨ H-c‑p k-a‑o-]-\-a‑m-W‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-
t‑b‑m-K‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-t‑NÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑k-b‑ps‑S B-ZÀ-i-§Ä-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¡-s‑¸-« I‑m-¼-k‑p-I- ]-S-s‑]‑mc‑pX‑m³ C-´‑y-¡‑n-¶‑v B-h-
f‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w B-N-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å i‑y-s‑a-¶‑v X‑p-j‑mÀ-K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p.
\-S-]-S‑n-I-s‑f¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p- k‑m‑wk‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I-h-I‑p-¸‑v a-{‑´‑n {‑i‑o.
I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I F.-s‑I. _‑m-e³ A-²‑y-£-X-h-l‑n¨‑p.
Ø‑m-]-\-§Ä h‑n-h‑n-[ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ _-l‑p: a-{‑´‑n-a‑m-c‑m-b {‑i‑o. S‑n.-]‑n. c‑ma-
B-k‑q-{‑X-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. I‑r-j‑v-W³‑, {‑i‑o. c‑m-a-N-{‑µ³ I-S¶-
k‑w-Ø‑m-\-s‑¯‑m-«‑m-s‑I C‑u {‑]-hÀ- ¸-Å‑n F-¶‑n-h-c‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-]-£-t‑\-
¯-\-§Ä k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m- X‑m-h‑v {‑i‑o. c-t‑a-i‑v s‑N-¶‑n-¯-e-b‑p‑w
b‑n tIcfkÀ¡mÀ A-©‑p-t‑I‑m-S‑n {‑]-k‑w-K‑n-¨‑p. k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑v
c‑q-] A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n {‑i‑o-a-X‑n d‑m-W‑n t‑P‑mÀ-
_-l‑p: k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I-h-I‑p-¸‑v a-{‑´‑n Ö‑v kzmKXamiwkn¨p. t‑U‑m.
{‑i‑o. F.-s‑I. _‑m-e³ s‑N-bÀ-a‑m-\‑p‑w U‑n. _‑m-_‑p-t‑]‑mÄ‑, {‑i‑o. _‑n-t‑\‑mb‑v-
h‑ni‑z‑w‑ Fw.]n., K‑m-Ô‑n-b-·‑m-c‑m-b {‑i‑o.
]‑n. t‑K‑m-]‑n-\‑m-Y³ \‑m-bÀ‑, {‑i‑o. s‑I.
A-¿¸³-]‑n-Å X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-c‑p‑w k-¶‑n-
l‑n-X-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c-à-k‑m£‑y‑w
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b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w ZÀ-i-\-h‑pa‑m-b‑n
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P‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m‑, f‑n "c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w‑' h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n \Â-I‑n-b-X‑v. F-g‑p-]-¯©‑p-e-£-
I‑mÀ-«‑q¬ {‑]-ZÀ-i-\-h‑p‑w \-S-¶‑p. B-N-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑¯‑m-f‑w c‑q-] a‑m-{‑X-t‑a A-©‑v
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A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v {‑]-ZÀ-i-\‑w ´‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v ]-¿-¶‑q-c‑n b‑pÅ‑q. c-ï-c-t‑¡‑m-S‑n c‑q-] s‑N-e-h‑p
k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. A-©‑p-Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑o-ï‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ s‑N-b‑v-X‑v ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v i-_-c‑n B-{‑i-a-
_-l‑p-a‑p-J ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S c-à- ¯‑n-s‑e k‑v-a‑m-c-I \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-a‑m-W‑v
A-{‑]-X‑o-£‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e k‑m-£‑y‑w B-N-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m- "c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑'¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑p-Å
P-\-P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯-b‑m-s‑I A-X‑n-`‑o-I- \‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-f-b‑m-\-´-c a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\ Z‑u-X‑y‑w.
c-a‑m-b‑n B-{‑I-a‑n-¨ {‑]-f-b‑w "c-à- k‑m-l-N-c‑y-¯‑n {‑]-ZÀ-i-\‑w‑, I-e‑m-]
k‑m£‑y‑'¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§- c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ‑, B-t‑L‑m-j ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\-a-S-¡‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-h‑p‑w
s‑fb‑p‑w _‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. X-t‑±-i-k‑z-b‑w-`-c-W X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h H-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-W‑v a‑q-¶‑v h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-h‑p-a‑m-b B-d‑p ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-
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I-f‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\- k‑m-£‑y‑w A-c-t‑§-d‑n-b-X‑v. t‑I-c-f l-¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ ZÀ-i-\-§-f‑p-s‑S
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k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-ambn. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I _‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p‑w k‑w-L‑m-S-\ ¡‑m-«‑m-\‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-L‑m-X-I-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
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k‑w-Ø‑m-\ t‑I‑mÀ I-½-ä‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p X-\‑n-\‑n-d‑w X‑p-d-¶‑p-I‑m-«‑m-\‑p‑w H-c‑p
F-I‑v-k‑n-I‑y‑q-«‑n-h‑v I-½-ä‑n-b‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n. ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v A-©‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑o-ï‑p- ]-c‑n-[‑n-h-s‑c I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
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d-I‑v-SÀ Sn.hn. k‑p-`‑m-j‑v P-\-d h‑n-P-b³ k‑v-a‑m-c-Ik-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â
I¬-h‑o-\-d‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-l-I-c‑n-¨‑m-W‑v \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v. s‑h-§‑m- k-a-c-a‑mÀ-¤-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ZÀ-i-\-
k-a‑n-X‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n t‑U‑m. {‑]-`‑m-I-c³ \‑q-c‑n k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I U-b-d-I‑v-S- §Ä-¡‑p‑w {‑]-k-à‑n-b‑p-ï‑v F-¶
]-g-È‑n I¬-h‑o-\-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n- t‑d-ä‑p‑w t‑I-c-f `‑m-j‑m C³-Ì‑n-ä‑y‑q-«‑p‑w h-k‑v-X‑p-X A-c-¡‑n-«‑p-d-¸‑n-¡‑m³
¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. k‑w-Ø‑m-\ t‑I‑m-h-f‑w I-h‑n-IÄ k‑v-a‑m-c-I-h‑p‑w "c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑'¯‑n-\‑p I-g‑n-ª‑p.
t‑I‑mÀ I-½-ä‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y- k-l-I-c‑n-¨‑p. s‑s‑h-¡-¯‑p‑w X-h-\‑q-
¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-k‑v-a-c-W-I-f‑p-d-§‑p-¶ c‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X-k-a‑n-X‑n- þ]{Xm[n]kanXn
]-¿¶‑qÀ‑, ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v, s‑h-§‑m-\‑qÀ‑,
Address at the
inauguration of
Raktha Saakshyam
at Sabari Ashram, Palakad-
at 1130 hrs on 14-01-2019
Justice (Rtd.) P. Sathasivam
Governor of Kerala
Shri A.K. Balan, Hon’ble Minister for Culture, SC/ST and
Backward Communities,
Shri M.B. Rajesh, Member of Parliament,
Smt. Rani George IAS, Secretary, Cultural Affairs Department,
Adv. K. Santhakumari, President, District Panchayat,
Smt. Bindu, President, Block Panchayat,
Shri D. Sadasivan, President, Akathethara Panchayat,
Dr. N. Radhakrishnan, Vice President, Harijan Sevak Samaj,
Shri T. R. Ajayan, Convenor, Organizing Committee,
ktlmZcoktlmZc·mtc,
FÃmhÀ¡pw Fsâ \akvImcw
A s an Indian and an admirer of Gandhiji, I deem it my duty
to inaugurate this five day programme, Raktha Saakshyam,
organised by the Government of Kerala at Sabari Ashram,
Palakad.
Let me at the outset, compliment the Department
of Culture, Government of Kerala, for launching this
programme which commemorates the martyrdom of
Gandhiji, on Martyr’s Day last year and taking it forward to
different locations. It is truly laudable that the five locations
chosen for organizing Raktha Saakshyam were those which
the Mahatma had visited and held discussions with important
personalities of those days.
However, this location, known as Sabari Ashram, has a
special significance. Gandhiji, who is known to have visited
Kerala on more than thirty occasions had stayed in many
10
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
places, but the Sabari Ashram was Palakad in 1934, in which he recalled matter of pride that over the years,
where he had stayed three times. On the sad cry of a man who stood at a our social reformers and movements
two occasions, he stayed here with his distance, afraid to come near when could wipe out the ghosts of caste
wife Kasthurba Gandhi and that hut Gandhiji beckoned him. The man system and transform the land to
in which Gandhiji had stayed is still was afraid, because Malabar society God’s Own Country.
preserved in the Ashram with great had branded him as untouchable.
respect. Gandhiji said that, for many days, the I am told that the Raktha
image of that poor man stared at him Sakshyam programme was first held
I understand that the Ashram, from the bottom of his heart, like a in Payyannur, Kannur district. Along
founded by Shri T.R. Krishnaswamy, ghost. The sight of that unfortunate with Palakkad, it is also planned in
a follower of the Mahatma, was man inspired Gandhiji to strongly Thavanoor in Malappuram, Vaikkom
named after Sabari, a Dalit friend and exhort his audience to wipe out in Kottayam and Venganoor in
follower of Sri Rama of Ramayana. untouchability if they wanted to save Thiruvananthapuram district, which
To know the relevance of the choice their religion from destruction. have been historically linked to the
of the name, we should go back to the visits of Mahatma Gandhi, mainly
speech made by Mahatma Gandhi in I am happy that the government in connection with agitations for
had spent nearly Rs.2.5 crore for freedom and human dignity.
renovating the Ashram to develop
it into a Gandhi Pilgrimage centre As we approach the 71st
where all people could meet anniversary of the martyrdom of
and converse without hatred or Gandhiji, we should ask ourselves
prejudice. I am informed that it how far we have succeeded in freeing
was somewhere in the Palakkad ourselves from prejudices of religion,
area that Swami Vivekananda had caste, language and region. His
visited and described the land as a martyrdom made our society realize
lunatic assylum because of the caste the real importance of harmony and
discrimination of those days. It is a peace. As one biographer wrote, by
sacrificing his life, Gandhiji restored
11
The Department had also only if our people are aware of periodically renewed by the influence c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
recently commemorated Sree the contributions of many great of many noble social, religious and
Narayana Guru’s declaration of reformers whose words and wisdom philosophical thoughts. It has been
‘We have no caste’, Sahodaran had made generations reflect over perfected through the teachings and
Ayyappan’s popularization human conditions. I am happy that sacrifices of many reformers and we
of ‘Mishra Bhojanam’ the department of Culture has taken have a duty to preserve and carry it
and the essence of Swami steps to establish multi cultural forward.
Vivekananda’s philosophy centres in all district headquarters
through the ‘Vivekananda with a view to encourage all By remembering the martyrdom
Sparsham’ programmes. It is forms of culture, literature and of Gandhiji and by celebrating his
laudable that by forming an discourses. The Department had 150th birth anniversary, we are
apex council for Culture, the also recently commemorated Sree strengthening our resolve to carry
department has been spreading Narayana Guru’s declaration of forward the ideals handed down to
the ideals of renaissance We have no caste, Sahodaran us by our forefathers who had fought
and social harmony through Ayyappan’s popularization of and died for the freedom that we
meaningful programmes. Mishra Bhojanam and the essence enjoy today. Let Gandhian thoughts
of Swami Vivekananda’s philosophy echo in every Indian mind and in
peace to Delhi, India and the world, through the Vivekananda Sparsham every nook and corner of our country,
as he often prayed. ‘No less than Jesus programme. It is laudable that by reminding us of the heritage of
of Nazareth, he died for all mankind’: forming an apex council for Culture, harmony that has made us the proud
this was how the martyrdom of the department has been spreading custodians of the greatest democracy
Gandhiji was described. the ideals of renaissance and social in the world.
harmony through meaningful
Along with the observance of the programmes. I compliment the organizers for
anniversary of the martyrdom of conducting this programme in a
Gandhiji, our State is also celebrating To conclude, let me reiterate that befitting manner.
his 150th birth anniversary through Culture is a great force which could
a yearlong programme. The context unite humanity above all petty FÃmhÀ¡pw Fsâ BiwkIÄ.
in which we celebrate the 150th feelings. And the culture that we
birth anniversary of the Mahatma have imbibed has been shaped and \µn.
is very important. The Mahatma’s
fight was not just for freedom from Pbvlnµv.
the British colonialism but for
freedom from all divisive tendencies
of caste, creed and gender. For him,
the unity of the human soul was
above everything. The message of
his life echoes in every article of our
sublime Constitution. As citizens of
the largest democracy, it is our duty
to cultivate a culture of nonviolence
and harmony, which is the greatest
legacy that the Mahatma gave us. The
culture of harmony would strengthen
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13
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I-c‑p-X‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v- A-t‑X- L-«-¯‑nÂ-
C-´‑y-b‑nÂ- H-c‑p- hÀ-K‑o-b-þ-h‑w-i‑o-b-
{‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w- i-à‑n-{‑]‑m-]‑n-¨‑p-h-¶‑p.-
B- {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â- h-à‑m-h‑m-W‑v-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b- s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨‑p- s‑I‑m-¶-X‑v-
F-¶-X‑p-w a-d-¶‑p-I‑q-S.-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- B-ß‑o-b-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
¶‑n-t‑Ã?- B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.- `-K-h-Z‑v-K‑o-X-
s‑\-t‑©‑m-S‑p- t‑NÀ-¯‑p‑w- "-t‑l- d‑m‑w‑,-
d‑m‑w-‑'- F-¶‑p- P-]‑n-¨‑p‑w- \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶-
h-µ‑y-h-t‑b‑m-[‑n-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- K‑m-Ô‑n-
P‑n.- B- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b- \‑n-j‑v-I-c‑p-W‑w-
s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-¶- \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w-
h‑n-\‑m-b-I- t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k-t‑b‑m-?-
t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k- k‑z-b‑w- h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-
¶-X‑v- X‑m-³ B-ß‑o-b-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.- C-h‑n-s‑S- H-c‑p- h‑y-X‑y‑m-k‑w-
14
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
XpjmÀKmÔnsb A`nhmZyw sN¿p¶p
I‑m-t‑W-ï-X‑p-ï‑v.- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- D-bÀ- I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b- t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ- t‑_‑m-[-hÂ-¡-
¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨-X‑v- B-ß‑o-b-X-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ‑,- c-W-a‑p-ï‑m-t‑b- ]-ä‑q.- B- t‑_‑m-[-hÂ-
t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k- D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨-X‑v- ¡-c-W-¯‑n-\‑p-Å- D‑uÀ-P‑w- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
h‑y‑m-P- B-ß‑o-b-X- A-Y-h‑m- I-]-S- b‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p‑w- A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â- P‑o-h‑n-X-
B-ß‑o-b-X-;- A-X‑p-a-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ- h‑n-j-e‑n-]‑v- k-t‑µ-i-¯‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p‑w- e-`‑n-¡‑p‑w.-
X-a‑m-b- B-ß‑o-b-Xbmbncp¶p.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w- s‑N-b‑v-X- a-Ö-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w- a‑m‑w-k-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w-
B-ß‑o-b-X-s‑b- t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k- I‑q-S‑n- C-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑mÄ- C-h‑n-
{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w- s‑N-b‑v-X- I-]-S- B-ß‑o- s‑S- P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v- ]‑p-X‑n-b-
b-X- I‑o-g-S-¡‑m-³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶- X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑p- h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-³
I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v.- A-X‑n-s‑â- G-ä-h‑p‑w- t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w- I-g‑n-t‑ª-¡‑n-Ã- F-¶‑m-W‑v-
h-e‑n-b- Z‑r-ã‑m-´-a‑m-W‑v- t‑K‑m-U‑v- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b- a‑p-³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-
t‑k-b‑v-¡‑v- t‑£-{‑X‑w- ]-W‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑p‑w- s‑F³-k‑v-ä‑o³- ]-d-ª-X‑v.-
A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S- h‑n-{‑K-l‑w- D-ï‑m-¡‑n
-s‑h-¨‑v- ]‑q-P‑n-¡‑m³- {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w- A-l‑n‑w-k-b‑p-s‑S- h-g‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-
a-ä‑p‑w.- I-]-S- B-ß‑o-b-X‑,- A-X‑n-s‑â- k-©-c‑n-¨- B- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w-
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑p-Å- hÀ-K‑o-b-X‑,- hÀ-K‑o-b-h‑n-[‑z‑w-k-I- i-à‑n-IÄ-¡‑v-
A-X‑p- h-j-f‑m-b‑n- D-ï‑m-h‑p-¶- `‑o-I- k-l‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-Ã- F-¶‑p- ]-d-ª‑mÂ-
c-X- X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡- "-t‑Z-i‑o- B- i-à‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S- k‑z-`‑m-h‑w- F-{‑X
b-X-‑'-b‑p-s‑S- a‑p-J‑m-h-c-W-a‑n-«‑v- k-a‑q- \‑n-j‑v-T‑p-c-a‑m-s‑W-¶-X‑n-\‑v- t‑h-s‑d-
l-¯‑n-e-g‑n-ª‑m-S‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.- P-\‑m- h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-W‑w- t‑h-ï.- B- a-X-\‑n-c-
[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯-b‑p‑w- a-X-\‑n-c-t‑]-£- t‑]-£‑m- a-t‑\‑m-`‑m-h-a‑m-W‑v- A-t‑±-l-
X-s‑b-b‑p‑w- s‑R-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-Ã‑m-³ ¯‑n-s‑â- P‑o-h‑n-X-k-t‑µ-i‑w.- A-X‑m-W‑v-
kÀ-h-k-¶‑m-l-§-f‑p‑w- H-c‑p-¡‑n- i-à‑n- B P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯ I-S-¶‑v- I‑m-e-¯‑n
{‑]‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.- C-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n- -t‑e-¡‑p- ]-S-t‑c-ï- G-ä-h‑p‑w- {‑]-[‑m-\
h-e‑n-b- P‑m-{‑K-X-b‑p-ï‑m-h-W‑w.- B- -s‑¸-«- k-t‑µ-i‑w.- hÀ-K‑o-b- I‑m-e‑p-j‑y-
P‑m-{‑K-X-b‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m-³ ¯‑n-s‑â- I‑m-e-¯‑v- G-ä-h‑p‑w- k‑u-a‑y-
a‑m-b‑n‑,- i‑m-´-a‑m-b‑n- P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I- F-¶‑p-
]-d-ª‑mÂ‑,- G-ä-h‑p‑w-
15
A-]-I-S-I-c-a‑m-b‑n- P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I- F-¶‑p- c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v- F-¶‑v- B- P‑o-h‑n-X‑w-
I‑m-«‑n-¯‑p-¶‑p.- G-s‑d k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b H-c‑p XpjmÀKmÔn
P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯-b‑m-W-s‑Ã‑m‑,- hÀ-K‑o-b
-i-à‑n-IÄ- X-Ã‑n-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v.- ¯‑n-s‑â- X-WÂ- h‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-
¡‑p-¶‑p.- k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-k-a-c- I‑m-e-¯‑v-
s‑X‑m-«‑p-I‑q-S‑m-b‑v-a- F-¶-X‑v- Z-f‑n-X-c‑p-s‑S- t‑N-c‑n-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p- t‑]‑m-b‑n-
a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑p‑w- s‑s‑Z-h-¯‑n-\‑p‑w- F-X‑n-c‑m-b- A-hÀ-s‑¡‑m-¸‑w- I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶-
I‑p-ä-I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v- F-¶‑v- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b- c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w- h‑o-s‑ï-S‑p-t‑¡-
]-d-ª‑p.- s‑X‑m-«‑p-I‑q-S‑m-b‑v-a‑,- P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p- ï‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.- a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑m-i‑n-b‑p-s‑S-
I‑q-S‑m-b‑v-a-b‑m-b‑n- h-j-f‑m-b‑n-s‑¡‑m- b‑m-s‑I- t‑£-a-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶- I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v- \‑m-a‑n-¶‑v- N‑n-´‑n-¨‑p.- B- k‑mÀ-h-t‑Z-i‑o-b-
h-¶‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑£-a-t‑_‑m-[‑w- h‑o-s‑ï-S‑p-t‑¡-ï‑n-b‑n-c‑n-
I‑m-e-¯‑v- N‑n-e N‑n-e h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä- ¡‑p-¶‑p.- k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w‑,- ]-©‑m-b-¯‑v-
s‑X‑m-«‑p-I‑q-S F-¶‑p-a‑m-{‑X-t‑a D-ï‑m-b‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑p.- I‑m-e‑w- ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-a‑n-¨‑p-
F-¶‑p- ]-d-b‑p-¶ C-¶‑v- B h‑n-`‑m-K-
§Ä- P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-I‑q-S F-¶‑p
-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w- N‑n-eÀ- I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p.- C-X‑m-W‑v-
a‑m-ä‑w.- A-X‑n-\‑n-j‑v-T‑q-c-a‑m-b‑n- Z-f‑n-X-s‑c-
t‑`-Z‑y‑w- s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w- s‑I‑m-Ã‑p-
¶-X‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w- h‑mÀ-¯-I-f‑m-W‑v-
C-t‑¸‑mÄ- H‑m-t‑c‑m- Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w- t‑IÄ-
¡‑p-¶-X‑v.- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S- I‑m-e-¯‑p-
t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w- C-Ã‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶- t‑X‑m-X‑n-e‑p-Å
Z-f‑n-X‑v-h‑n-c‑p-²-þ-a-\‑p-j‑y-X‑z- h‑n-c‑p-²-
{‑I‑q-c-X- C-¶‑v- \-S-a‑m-S‑p-¶‑p.- `-c-W-k‑w-
h‑n-[‑m-\-§Ä- A-X‑n-\‑v- k‑p-c-£‑n-X-X‑z-
càkm£yw kwØm\Xe DZvLmS\w
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w16
KmÔnb·mÀ¡v BZcw
c‑m-P‑v,- k‑z‑m-`‑n-a‑m-³‑,- k‑z-b‑w-]-c‑y‑m-]‑v-X-X‑,-
{‑]-I‑r-X‑n-k‑v-t‑\-l‑w‑,- h‑n-t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c-W‑w-
X‑p-S-§‑n- F-{‑X-t‑b‑m- a‑q-e‑y-§Ä-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- {‑]-I‑m-i‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p.- A-h-
s‑b‑m-s‑¡- \-½‑p-s‑S- k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-P‑o-h‑n-X-
¯‑nÂ- hÀ-²‑n-¨- t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ- ]-IÀ-t‑¯-
ï-X‑p-ï‑v.-
]-e- `‑m-j-I-f‑p‑w- ]-e- k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§-
f‑p‑w- ]-e- a-X-§-f‑p‑w- ]-e- B-N‑m-c‑m-
\‑p-j‑v-T‑m-\-§-f‑p-a‑p-Å- c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\‑v-
s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-¯‑nÂ- A-[‑n-j‑v-T‑n-X-a‑m-b-
G-I-X‑z-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-t‑b- \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑m-\‑p‑w-
A-X‑n-P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑m-h‑q- F-¶‑v-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- N‑n-´‑n-¨‑p.- B- N‑n-´-
I‑q-S‑p-XÂ- {‑]-k-à-a‑m-h‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v-
C-¶‑v.- G-X‑p- I‑m-c‑y‑w- s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w-
G-ä-h‑p‑w- X‑m-t‑g-¯-«‑n-e‑p-Å-h-\‑v- A-X‑p-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v- F-´‑p- K‑p-W-a‑p-ï‑m-h‑p-
s‑a-¶- N‑n-´-b‑m-h-W‑w- a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-
t‑h-ï-X‑v- F-¶‑v- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- ]-d-ª‑p.-
G-X‑p- {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w- A-X‑p- {‑]-X‑n-
^-e‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑p-d-¸‑p- h-c‑p-¯‑m-³
I-g‑n-t‑b-ï-X‑p-ï‑v.- c-ï‑v- t‑e‑m-I-a-l‑m-
b‑p-²-§Ä- A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â- P‑o-h‑n-X-
L-«-¯‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n.- kÀ-h-\‑m-i-¯‑n-s‑â-
A-Ô-I‑m-c‑w- t‑e‑mI-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑aÂ-
]-S-c‑p-¶‑p-t‑h‑m- F-¶- s‑s‑\-c‑m-i‑y-N‑n-´-
]-e-c‑n-e‑p‑w- ]-SÀ-¶‑p.
17
F-¶‑mÂ‑,- A-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w- {‑]-X‑y‑m-i- h‑m-¯- X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å- k-t‑µ-i-§Ä- c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
b‑p-s‑S- {‑]-I‑m-i-a‑m-W‑v- h‑m-¡‑p {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v- H-c‑p-hÀ-j‑w-
-s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w- N‑n-´-s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- \‑o-ï‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶- ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ-¡‑v- (30þ01þ2018 \v tIcf bqWnthgvknän sk\äv
{‑]-k-c‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v.- K‑o-X-s‑b-b‑p‑w- J‑p-d‑m- \‑m‑w- C-h‑n-s‑S- X‑p-S-¡‑w- I‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.- lmfn h¨v "càkm£yw' ]cn]mSn DZvLm
s‑\-b‑p‑w- s‑s‑_-_‑n-f‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w- H-c‑p-t‑]‑m- a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S- S\w sNbvXpsImïv _lp. apJya{´n \S
s‑e- B-Z-c‑n-¨- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- F-Ã‑m- a-X- ¯nb {]kwKw)
§-s‑f-b‑p‑w- k-a-`‑m-h-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S- I-ï‑p. {‑]-]‑u-{‑X-\‑p‑w- a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n-
C‑u- kÀ-Æ-[À-a-k-a-`‑m-h-\-b-S-¡‑w- ^‑u-t‑ï-j-s‑â- A-[‑y-£-\‑p‑w- ]-{‑X
]‑p-X‑n-b-I‑m-e-¯‑v- I‑q-S‑p-XÂ- {‑]-k-à- -{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p-a‑m-b- {‑i‑o.- X‑p-j‑mÀ-
a‑m-h‑p-¶- F-{‑X-t‑b‑m- a‑q-e‑y-§Ä- B- K‑m-Ô‑n- A-S-¡-a‑p-Å-hÀ- C-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n-
P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p- {‑]-k-c‑n-¨‑p.- k-l-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p- F-¶‑p- I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v-
G-s‑d- k-t‑´‑m-j-I-c-a‑m-W‑v.-
a-X‑m-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑p-Å- c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w-
F-¶- k-¦Â-]-¯‑n-\‑p- X-s‑¶- {‑i‑o-\‑m-c‑m-b-W- K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â- "-P‑m-X‑n-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.- A-X‑v- b‑n-Ã‑m- h‑n-f‑w-_-c-‑'-¯‑n-s‑â- \‑q-d‑m‑w- h‑mÀ-
C-h‑n-S-s‑¯- I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ- a‑m-{‑X- j‑n-I-h‑p‑w- k‑z‑m-a‑n- h‑n-t‑h-I‑m-\-µ-s‑â-
a-Ã‑,- C-{‑k-t‑bÂ- c‑m-j‑v-{‑S- c‑q-]‑o-I- t‑I-c-f- k-µÀ-i-\-¯‑n-s‑â- 125þ‑m‑w- h‑mÀ-
c-W- I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ- h-s‑c- s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p- j‑n-I-h‑p‑w- G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p- h‑n-P-b‑n-¸‑n-¨-
I-ï‑p.- a-X-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w- Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m- {‑]-_‑p-²-a‑m-b- t‑I-c-f-P-\-X- I-£‑n-c‑m-
\‑p-Å- hÀ-K‑o-b-{‑i-a-§Ä- i-à-a‑m- j‑v-{‑S‑o-b- t‑`-Z-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X- H-ä-a-\-Ê‑m-b‑n-
h‑p-¶- L-«-¯‑nÂ- A-X‑n-s‑\- s‑N-d‑p- C‑u- k‑w-c‑w-`-h‑p‑w- G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑v- h‑n-P-b‑n-
¡‑m-³‑,- a-X-\‑n-c-t‑]-£-X-s‑b-b‑p‑w- P-\‑m- ¸‑n-¡‑p‑w- F-¶‑v- F-\‑n-¡‑p-d-¸‑p-ï‑v.- B-
[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯-b‑p‑w- k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m-³ D-d-¸‑v- \‑n-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n- ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑p-
B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b- {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\‑w- ]‑p-X‑n-b- s‑I‑m-ï‑v- a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S- c-à
I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S- \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p- -k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â- F-g‑p-]-X‑p- hÀ-j-
I-f‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p- \-a‑p-¡‑v- e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.- §Ä- F-¶- C‑u- ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S-
k‑w-Ø‑m-\-X-e- D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w- \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-
C-§-s‑\- ]‑p-X‑n-b- I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â- ¨-X‑m-b‑n- A-d‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.- \-µ‑n.-
t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§Ä-¡‑v- H-g‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑m-\‑m-
c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â
F-g‑p-]-X‑v hÀ-j-§Ä
70 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑v H-c‑p P-\‑p-h-c‑n ¡‑m³ k‑z-X-{‑´-`‑m-c-X-¯‑n-s‑e t‑]‑m-e‑o-
30 s‑â k‑m-b‑m-Ó‑w. UÂ-l‑n-b‑n-s‑e k‑n-\‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-Ã F-¶ B-t‑£-]‑w
F.-s‑I.-_‑m-e³ _‑nÀ-f‑m a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ A-¶‑v i-à-a‑m-b‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-X‑n-h‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e kÀ-h-a-X
_-l‑p. k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸pa-{‑´‑n‑ {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-b‑v-¡‑m-b‑n X-s‑â k-´-X A-c-\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-t‑e-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
k-l-N‑m-c‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ a-\‑p-h‑n- t‑I‑m-f-\‑n-h‑n-c‑p-² k-a-c-¯‑n ]-s‑¦-
s‑â-b‑p‑w B-`-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b- S‑p-¯ ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑v-
t‑¯‑m-s‑S a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e AÂ- ¡‑v D-Å-X‑v. A-X‑n a‑q-¶‑v ]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑p-
¸‑w D-b-c‑w I‑q-S‑n-b a‑p-ä-t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v I‑m-e‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e P-\-t‑I‑m-S‑n-I-s‑f
\-S-¶‑p h-c‑n-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-¶‑v AÂ-¸‑w A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¯‑n k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w t‑\-S‑p-¶-
s‑s‑h-I‑n-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]‑mÀ-°-\- X‑n-\‑p-Å A-£‑o-W-b-X‑v-\-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-
b‑v-¡‑v F-¯‑n-b-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v-h‑n-c‑p-²
h-c-h‑p‑w I‑m-¯‑v B-f‑p-IÄ X-S‑n-¨‑p-I‑q- I-e‑m-]-¯‑n-s‑â c-à-k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
S‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. BÄ-¡‑q-«-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v ¶‑n-à A-t‑±-l‑w. k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-e-_‑v-[‑n-¡‑p-
\‑o-e {‑S‑u-k-d‑p‑w I‑m-¡‑n _‑p-j‑v P‑m- a‑p-¼‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑p-t‑i-j-h‑p‑w k-l‑n-j‑v-
¡-ä‑p‑w [-c‑n-¨ H-c‑p s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑m-c³ W‑p-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v h-¶‑v X-s‑â t‑]‑m-¡-ä‑n a‑m-\-h‑n-I-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-
k‑q-£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ ]‑n-ÌÄ F-S‑p-¯‑v ï-X‑p -s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑\-©‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑v \‑n-d- c-à-k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-t‑I-ï‑n h-¶-X‑v. X‑m³
s‑b‑m-g‑n-¨‑p. "t‑l d‑m‑w‑' F-¶‑v a-{‑´‑n-¨‑v k-\‑m-X-\ l‑n-µ‑p-h‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v F-Ã‑m-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v a-l‑m-ß‑m-h‑v I‑p-g-ª‑p b‑v-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-`‑n-a‑m-\-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w ]-d-ª‑n-
h‑o-W‑p. I-g‑n-ª a‑q-¶‑v ]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑n- c‑p-¶ a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-s‑b h-[‑n-¨-X‑v a-s‑ä‑m-
t‑e-s‑d-I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n `‑m-c-X‑o-b-c‑p-s‑S a-\- c‑p k-\‑m-X-\ l‑n-µ‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
Ê‑n \‑nÀ-`-b-X‑z-h‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\‑v `‑m-c-X-s‑¯ H-c‑p l‑n-µ‑p-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-a‑m-¡‑n
s‑h-f‑n-¨-h‑p‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ B P‑o-h³ X‑oÀ-¡‑p-I F-¶ e-£‑y-¯‑n-\‑v h‑n-L‑m-X-
A-h‑n-s‑S s‑]‑m-e‑n-ª‑p. "F-§‑p‑w a‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
I‑q-c‑n-c‑pÄ a‑m-{‑X‑w‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v s‑\-l‑v-d‑p h-[‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑v. a-X‑m-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ
]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v C-t‑X-¸-ä‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. c‑m-a- t‑Z-i‑o-b-X-s‑b \‑nÀ-h-N‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w
c‑m-P‑y‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³ t‑a‑m-l‑n-¨ c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-§Ä c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w
a-l‑m-ß‑m-h‑n-s‑â P‑o-h-\-]-l-c‑n-¨-X‑v i-à-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-ï h‑y-à‑n-b‑m-b‑n-
c‑m-a-t‑£-{‑X‑w ]-W‑n-b‑m-\‑m-b‑n a-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑v c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. C-´‑y k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w
X-IÀ-¯-h-c‑p-s‑S a‑p³-K‑m-a‑n-I-f‑m- t‑\-S‑n G-X‑m-\‑p‑w a‑m-k-§Ä I-g‑n-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v h‑w-i‑o-b-X-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
a-X-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ
a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑\À-¡‑p-Å C-{‑k‑m-t‑b F-¶ b-l‑q-Z c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w
a‑q-¶‑m-a-s‑¯ B-{‑I-a-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p Ø‑m-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑v. A-¯-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å
A-X‑v. 1934-þ ]‑q-s‑\-b‑n s‑h-¨‑m-b‑n- H-c‑p c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p B-Z‑y-t‑¯-X‑v. c-ï‑m-a-t‑¯-X‑v b-W‑n-Ì‑v h‑w-i‑o-b-h‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑n-e-
A-t‑±-l‑w h-[‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w ]‑m-S‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v i-à-a‑m-b h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑v
]-¯‑v Z‑n-h-k-§Ä-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑v C-t‑X- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑v D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-{‑k‑m-
t‑]‑m-s‑e {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑v t‑b Ø‑m-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑n-\‑p-t‑i-j‑w
h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¸-« ]‑m-e-k‑v-X‑o-\‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w B-«‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑n-
c-ï‑m-a-s‑¯ D-Z‑y-a-¯‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p- ¡-s‑¸-« A-d-_‑n P-\-X-b‑p-s‑S Z‑p-c-h-
¯-hÀ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v ]-¯‑v Z‑n-h-k- Ø-t‑b‑mÀ-¯‑m a-X‑m-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ
§Ä-¡‑v t‑i-j‑w X-§-f‑p-s‑S Z‑u-X‑y‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-§Ä c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑X-¶‑v
h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑m-b‑n ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-d-ª-X‑n-s‑â s‑]‑m-c‑pÄ
a-l‑m-ß‑m-h‑n-s‑â P‑o-h³ k‑w-c-£‑n- \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-I‑p‑w.
19 c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
20
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w A-X‑v BÀ.-F-k‑v.-F-Ê‑n-s‑â i‑m-J-I-
f‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-k-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑m-¡- s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I-h‑p‑w I‑m-b‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b
f‑m-b‑n A-c-§‑p-h‑m-W‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑K‑m-]‑m-e- ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\‑w \Â-I‑n Z‑r-V-N‑n-¯-c‑m-b‑p‑w
I‑r-j‑v-W-t‑K‑m-J-s‑e‑, _‑m-e-K‑w-K‑m-[-c-X‑n- I‑m-b‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n I-c‑p-¯‑p-Å-h-c‑m-b‑p‑w
e-I³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b k-hÀ-W N‑n-X‑v-`-h³ h-fÀ-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶-hÀ X-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X
{‑_‑m-Ò-W-c‑p-s‑S I-¿‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-t‑b‑mÀ-¯‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-s‑S‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w
C-´‑y³ \‑m-j-WÂ t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑n-s‑â ]-Ý‑m-¯-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-
t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w k‑u-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w ï‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-s‑e I‑p-ä-h‑m-
h-¶ s‑s‑h-i‑y P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b t‑a‑m- f‑n-I-f‑m-b \‑m-Y‑q-d‑m‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p‑w
l³-Z‑m-k‑v I-c‑w-N-µ‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑K‑m-]‑m t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-
I-c-§-f‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑v h-g‑p-X‑nt‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v c‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w ]-Ý‑m-¯-]‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑p-
I-ï‑v A-Ô‑m-f‑n-¨-h-c‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- ¶-X‑v.
s‑b h-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n I-c‑p-¡Ä \‑o-¡‑n-
b-X‑v. C‑u s‑I‑m-e-]‑m-X-I-¯‑n-\‑v K‑q-V‑m-
t‑e‑m-N-\ \-S-¯‑n-b h‑n.-U‑n.-k-hÀ-
H-¶‑m‑w-t‑e‑m-I-a-l‑m-b‑p-²‑m-\-´-c-I‑m- ¡À ]-c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v h‑n-« i‑n-j‑y-·‑mÀ
e-¯‑v C-´‑y-b‑n s‑F-I‑y-s‑¸-«‑p h-¶ H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w X-§-f‑p-s‑S K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\
t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v J‑n-e‑m-^-¯‑v {‑]-Ø‑m- H-ä‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-¯-X‑n-\‑m k-hÀ-¡À
\-¯‑n-s‑â h-à‑m-h‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n i‑n-£‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
c‑w-K-¯‑v h-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑±- ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑n-s‑e A-t‑i‑m-I‑m-l‑m-f‑nÂ
l‑w t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-Ê‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-Ø‑m-\- C-c-b‑p‑w t‑h-«-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w
t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v D-bÀ-¶-X‑v. l‑n-µ‑p a‑p-É‑o‑w ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-X‑q-I‑n a‑p-J‑m-a‑p-J‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-
s‑F-I‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑h-ï‑n F-¡‑m-e-h‑p‑w \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-
¯‑n-s‑â a-l-X‑z‑w. A-X‑n ]-c‑n-{‑`‑m-´‑n- "F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v F-s‑â
]‑q-ï-h-c‑m-W‑v H-c‑p k-hÀ-W-l‑n-µ‑p k-t‑µ-i‑w‑' F-¶‑v {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨ a-l‑m-
c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å e-£‑y- ß-P‑n X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w
h‑p-a‑m-b‑n 1923-þÂ l‑n-µ‑p a-l‑m-k-`-b‑p‑w a‑p-d‑p-s‑I-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v A-l‑n‑w-k‑,
A-X‑n-s‑â D-Å‑n s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I-h‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l‑w‑, \‑n-Ê-l-I-c-W‑w‑, a-X-
I‑m-b‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\‑w \‑n-c-t‑]-£-X‑, a‑m-\-hnI-X F-¶‑o
k‑n-²‑n-¨ H-c‑p t‑I-UÀ k‑w-L-S-\-b‑m-b a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u a‑q-e‑y-§-
BÀ.-F-k‑v.-F-Ê‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n- f‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v k-hÀ-
¨-X‑v. C‑u c-ï‑p k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p-s‑S- W‑m-hÀ-W t‑`-Z-a-t‑\‑y C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e
b‑p‑w t‑\-X‑r-Ø‑m-\-¯‑v D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ a‑p-g‑p-h³ P-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-
h‑y-à‑n-IÄ H-t‑c I‑q-«-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-a-c {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n A-t‑±-l‑w
A-X‑n-s‑â Ø‑m-]-I-t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑n-s‑e‑m- A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¯‑n-b-X‑v. a-X‑m-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-
c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑U‑m.-_‑n.-F-k‑v.-a‑p‑w-s‑P ¯‑n t‑Z-i‑o-b-X-s‑b \‑nÀ-h-N‑n-¨‑v,
C-ä-e‑n k-µÀ-i‑n-¨‑v a‑p-t‑Ê‑m-f‑n-\‑n Ø‑m- C-´‑y-b‑n c-ï‑v t‑Z-i‑o-b-X-I-f‑m-W‑v
]‑n-¨ ^‑m-j‑n-Ì‑v s‑s‑k-\‑n-I k‑v-I‑q- D-Å-s‑X-¶‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â-b-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-
f‑p-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\-¯‑n-s‑â ¯‑n ]‑m-¡‑n-Ø‑m-s‑\-¶‑p‑w
c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w l‑n-µ‑p-Ø‑m-s‑\-¶‑p‑w c-ï‑v c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-
§Ä c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑p-Å l‑n-µ‑p
a-l‑m-k-`-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w kÀ-t‑h-´‑y‑m
a‑p-É‑o‑w e‑o-K‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f
\‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-J-Þ-`‑m-c-X-
s‑a-¶ \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
a‑p-¶‑n h-¨-X‑v. k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y
-e-_‑v-[‑n-s‑b X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ
H-g‑n-ª‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e
`‑q-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w
h-c‑p-¶ l‑n-µ‑p \‑m-«‑p-c‑m-P‑y-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w
k‑w-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p l‑n-µ‑p-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w
c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
l‑n-µ‑p a-l‑m-k-`-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-g‑v-N-¸‑m-S‑v.
c-ï‑m‑w-t‑e‑m-I-a-l‑m-b‑p-²‑w s‑]‑m-«‑n-
¸‑p-d-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¡-s‑¸-«
21 c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
22
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
an{it`mP\w
{‑]-h‑n-i‑y‑m-a-{‑´‑n-k-`-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v B-t‑e‑m- X‑n-\‑v X-S-Ê‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v {‑I‑n-b \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-b‑m a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w
N‑n-¡‑m-s‑X C-´‑y-b‑p‑w b‑p-²-¯‑n l‑n-µ‑p-a-l‑m-k-` h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n. h-c‑p-¶ Z-e‑n-X-c‑p‑w ]‑n-t‑¶‑m-¡-k-a‑p-Z‑m-
]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨ k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-e-_‑v-[‑n-¡‑v t‑i-j‑w `-c-W- b-¡‑m-c‑p‑w k-hÀ-W-c‑p-s‑S `-c-W-s‑¯
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v {‑]-X‑n-t‑j- L-S-\‑m \‑nÀ-a‑m-W-k-` \‑n-e-h‑n X‑q-s‑¯-d‑n-b‑p-s‑a-¶-X‑v D-d-¸‑m-b‑n-
[‑n-¨‑v t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-Ê‑v a-{‑´‑n-k-`-IÄ h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑n-s‑â A-S‑n- c‑p-¶‑p. B {‑]-{‑I‑n-b-b‑n a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-
c‑m-P‑n-s‑h-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, X-§-s‑f a-{‑´‑n-k-`- Ø‑m-\-¯‑n t‑I-{‑µ-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑w-Ø‑m- s‑b-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w C-´‑y³ P-\-X
IÄ c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑m \-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-{‑´‑n-k-`-IÄ \‑n-e-h‑n ]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑p-I-s‑b-¶‑v D-d-¸‑p-Å-X‑n-\‑mÂ
kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-\‑v \‑n-c‑p-]‑m-[‑n-I ]‑n-´‑p-W h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w‑, P-\-§-Ä a-l‑m-ß-P‑n- A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h-[‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v l‑n-µ‑p
\Â-I‑m-s‑a-¶‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-l‑m-k-`-b‑p-s‑S b‑p-s‑S I‑o-g‑n A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-l‑m-k-`-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w BÀ.-F-k‑v.-F-Ê‑n-
A-¶-s‑¯ A-[‑y-£-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ h‑n.- s‑N-b‑v-X‑m X-§-f‑p-s‑S l‑n-µ‑p-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S s‑â-b‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `-c-W-
U‑n.-k-hÀ-¡À {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-\‑v t‑a‑m-l‑w \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m- L-S-\ \‑n-e-h‑n h-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w
I-s‑¯-g‑p-X‑n-. C-´‑y-s‑b l‑n-µ‑p-c‑m-j‑v- s‑b-¶‑v A-hÀ-¡‑p-d-¸‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑n-e‑q-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-t‑a A-[‑n-
{‑S-a‑m-¡‑n¯‑oÀ-¡-W‑w F-¶ X-§-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑m-f‑n-\‑v H-c‑p t‑h‑m-«‑v F-¶ A-S‑n- I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q-
{‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-X e-£‑y‑w \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶- Ø‑m-\-¯‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-`-c-W-{‑]- s‑h-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
23
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
{‑i‑o-\‑m-c‑m-b-W K‑p-c‑p ktlmZc³ A¿¸³ k‑z‑m-a‑n h‑n-t‑h-I‑m-\-µ-³
1950-þÂ `‑m-c-X‑o-b P-\-k‑w-L‑w F-¶ A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n k-l-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w «‑p-ï‑v. s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-a‑mÀ-¶ k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-
H-c‑p-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ s‑F-I‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X h‑y-à‑n- c‑n-I ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w
C-¡‑q-«À X-¿‑m-d‑m-b-X‑v. A-¶‑p-a‑p-X I-f‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X k-µÀ-`-§-f‑p‑w t‑I‑mÀ- C-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-
\-S-¶ F-Ã‑m X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ¯‑n-W-¡‑n H-c‑p hÀ-j-¡‑m-e‑w \‑o-ï‑p- \‑p‑w h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w P-\-§-f‑n-
X-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-X-e-£‑y‑w t‑\-S‑n- \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ P‑n-Ã-IÄ t‑e-¡‑v C-X‑n-s‑â k-t‑µ-i‑w F-¯‑n-¡‑p-
s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å k‑w-c‑w-`-¯‑n t‑X‑m-d‑p‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n B-N-c‑n- h‑m-\‑p‑w I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. k-a‑m-\-a‑m-b
GÀ-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v B I-£‑n- ¨pIgnªp. C‑u ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S c‑o-X‑n-b‑n A-t‑§-b-ä‑w P-\-I‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n
b‑p-s‑S h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X t‑]-c‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p-Å k‑w-Ø‑m-\-X-e D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w X‑n-c‑p-h-\- I-£‑n-þ-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b t‑`-Z-a-t‑\‑y k‑w-Ø‑m-
]‑n³-a‑p-d-¡‑mÀ. ´-]‑p-c-¯‑v t‑I-c-f kÀ-Æ-I-e‑m-i‑m-e \-s‑¯ a‑p-g‑p-h³ P-\-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w
s‑k-\-ä‑v l‑m-f‑n P-\‑p-h-c‑n a‑m-k‑w 30 F-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m-W‑v h‑n-`‑m-h-\‑w
a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h-\-]-l-c‑n-¨ \‑v s‑s‑h-I‑n-«‑v 5.30 \‑v _-l‑p. a‑p-J‑y-a- s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v.
s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-ï-IÄ I-g‑n-ª G-g‑p -]-X‑n- {‑´‑n {‑i‑o ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n h‑n-P-b³ \‑nÀ-Æ-
ä‑m-ï‑m-b‑n KÀ-P‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑ï-b‑n-c‑n- l‑n-¨p. N-S-§‑n {‑]-X‑n-]-£-t‑\-X‑m-h‑v a-l‑m-ß-P‑n P-\‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â 150-þ‑m‑w
¡‑p-¶‑p. A-Ô-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑p‑w {‑i‑o c-t‑a-i‑v s‑N-¶‑n-¯-e‑, a-l‑m-ß‑m- h‑mÀ-j‑n-I‑w c‑m-P‑y‑w B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¨p-
A-\‑m-N‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑p-s‑a-X‑n-s‑c s‑]‑m-c‑p- K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-]‑u-{‑X-\‑p‑w a-l‑m-ß‑m sImï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-
X‑p-¶-hÀ‑, N‑n-´‑m-k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-\‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ^‑u-t‑ï-j-s‑â A-²‑y-£-\‑p‑w k-a-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v a-l‑m-ß-P‑n D-bÀ-
t‑h-ï‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶-hÀ‑, A-`‑n-{‑]‑m- ]-{‑X-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p-a‑m-b {‑i‑o. X‑p-j‑mÀ ¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑m-W‑v 1950-þÂ
b-{‑]-I-S-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c- K‑m-Ô‑n‑, k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I c‑w-K-s‑¯ \‑n-e-h‑n h-¶ `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n s‑]‑m-c‑p- {‑]-a‑p-J h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hÀ B-a‑p-J-¯‑n B-t‑e-J-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-
X‑p-¶-hÀ‑, a-X-\‑n-c-t‑]-£-X-b‑v-¡‑v ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å «‑p-Å-X‑v. k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-h‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-
t‑h-ï‑n-b‑p‑w k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑h- I-h‑n-X-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑p-l‑qÀ-¯- I-h‑p‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-h‑p-a‑m-b \‑o-X‑n-b‑p‑w‑,
ï‑n-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ‑, H-s‑¡ §-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w Z‑r-i‑y‑m-h‑n-j‑v-I-c-W-h‑p‑w‑, N‑n-´‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
I-g‑n-ª G-g‑p-]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑n-\‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑v {‑]-`‑m-j-W-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w B-c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑p-Å
\‑n-j‑vT‑q-c-a‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-e s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p- k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-h‑p‑w Ø‑n-X‑n-k-a-X‑z-h‑p‑w
ï‑v. a-l‑m-ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S c-à-k‑m-£‑n- \S¶p. P-\‑p-h-c‑n 29‑, 30 X‑o-¿-X‑n- A-h-k-c-k-a-X‑z-h‑p‑w‑, h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S
X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â 70-þ‑m‑w h‑mÀ-j‑n-I‑w B-N-c‑n- I-f‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X‑w A-´-Ê‑p‑w‑, c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-¯‑n-s‑â s‑F-I‑y-
¡‑p-¶ t‑h-f-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w a‑p-d‑p-s‑I B-k‑v-]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b F-I‑v-k‑n- h‑p‑w A-J-Þ-X-b‑p‑w k‑w-c-£‑n-¨‑p-
]‑n-S‑n-¨ a‑q-e‑y-§Ä \-j‑v-S-s‑¸-«‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m- _‑n-j-\‑p‑w h‑n-s‑P-S‑n l‑m-f‑n k‑w-L-S‑n- s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-h‑p‑w‑
s‑X {‑]-X‑n-Ú-s‑b-S‑p-t‑¡-ï _‑m-[‑y-X ¸‑n-¡pIbp-ïmbn. Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v B-a‑p-J-¯‑nÂ
hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-I‑m-e k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑p-ï‑v. ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. B X-X‑z-§Ä \-S-¸‑n-
{‑i‑o-\‑m-c‑m-b-W K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â P‑m-X‑n- e‑m-¡‑n I‑n-«‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n H‑m-t‑c‑m
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I b‑n-Ã‑m h‑n-f‑w-_-c-¯‑n-s‑â \‑q-d‑m‑w h‑mÀ- `‑m-c-X‑o-b-\‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v
h-I‑p-¸‑v c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â 70 j‑n-I-h‑p‑w k‑z‑m-a‑n h‑n-t‑h-I‑m-\-µ-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-Ú-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v a-l‑m-
hÀ-j-§Ä F-¶ t‑]-c‑n a-l‑m-ß‑m- N-c‑n-{‑X-{‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b t‑I-c-f k-µÀ-i- ß-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â
h‑n-s‑â P‑o-h-X‑y‑m-K-s‑¯ h‑n-h‑n-[ ]-c‑n- \-¯‑n-s‑â 125 ‑m‑w h‑mÀ-j‑n-I-h‑p‑w h-f- 70-þ‑m‑w h‑mÀ-j‑n-I‑w B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ C‑u
]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S P-\-§-s‑f H‑mÀ-½-s‑¸- s‑c h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S t‑h-f-b‑n s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v.
S‑p-¯‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑v k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-
t‑I-c-f-¯‑n k-µÀ-i‑n-¨ Ø-e-§-f‑p‑w
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w 24
K‑m-Ô‑nh-[-¯‑n-s‑â
]‑n-¶‑m-¼‑p-d-§Ä
1948 P-\-‑ph-c‑n 30. a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n tbm-S‑v s‑N-d‑p-X‑m-b‑n t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-«‑p.
G-X‑m-\‑p‑w Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑m-b‑n X‑m-a-k‑n- 5.12 \‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-s‑â D‑u-¶‑p-
t‑U‑m. {‑]-`‑m-I-c³ ]-g-È‑n ¡‑p-¶-X‑v UÂ-l‑n AÂ-_‑p-¡À-¡‑v
t‑d‑m-U‑n-s‑e I‑q-ä³ A-X‑n-Y‑n-a-µ‑n-c-a‑m-b h-S‑n-I-s‑f-¶‑p t‑]-c‑p t‑I-« a-\‑p-h‑n-s‑â-
_‑nÀ-e‑m-a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑â b‑p‑w B-`-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑X‑m-f‑n ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v
C-S-X‑p-h-i-s‑¯ c-ï‑p a‑p-d‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v {‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m-t‑h-Z‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-¶-X‑v.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p h-¶‑n-c‑p- A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑c‑m-a i‑q-\‑y-a‑m-b
¶-X‑v. t‑]-g‑v-k-\Â s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n i‑n-c-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-k‑v-X-a-b k‑q-c‑y-s‑â
]‑y‑m-t‑c-e‑m-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n \-h-J‑m-e‑n I-e‑m-]- {‑]-I‑m-i-c-i‑v-a‑n-IÄ ]-c‑n-t‑h-j‑w N‑mÀ-
§-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m- ¯‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑h-I‑n-b-X‑n-
W‑v A-¶‑v D-¨-`-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¨-X‑v. \‑m k‑m-[‑m-c-W h-c‑m-d‑p-Å \-S-
h-g‑n-h‑n-«‑v a‑p-ä‑w a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-I-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v
s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p a-b-¡-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D-WÀ-¶‑p. kÀ-Z‑mÀ h-Ã-`
`‑m-b‑n ]-t‑«-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p I‑q-S‑n-¡‑m-g‑v- A-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑q-S‑n \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S
N-b‑p-ï‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ I-¯‑n-b-h‑m-d‑n I‑q-«-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v I‑m-¡‑n {‑S‑u-k-d‑n-«
\‑n-¶‑p-Å c-ï‑p t‑]À I‑m-W‑m³ h-¶‑n- H-c‑p s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑m-c³ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
«‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w t‑]-c-¡‑n-S‑m- A-S‑p-t‑¯-¡‑p s‑N-¶‑p.
h‑p-a‑m-b a-\‑p s‑_³ h-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p.
K‑m-k‑n-P‑n a-\‑p-h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p ]-d-ª‑p: K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S G-X‑m-ï‑v A-©-S‑n
"{‑]‑mÀ-°-\-b‑v-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b A-b‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m-s‑a-¶‑p ]-d-b‑q... A-t‑¸‑m- s‑b {‑]-W-a‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-
g‑p‑w R‑m³ P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑p-s‑ï-¦‑nÂ...' ¶‑p I-c‑p-X‑n a-\‑p A-b‑m-s‑f X-S-b‑p-
I-b‑m-W‑v: "C-t‑¸‑mÄ-¯-s‑¶ ]-¯‑p
F-´‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n A-§-s‑\ a‑n-\‑n-ä‑p s‑s‑h-I‑n; F-´‑n-\‑m h‑n-j-a‑n-¸‑n-
]-d-b‑m³ I‑m-c-W‑w? X-s‑â P‑o-h³ ¡‑p-¶-X‑v ?" b‑p-h‑m-h‑v A-h-s‑f X-Å‑n-
A-]-I-S-¯‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¶-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\-d‑n- a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b s‑s‑I-I‑q-¸‑n
b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-¯‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v s‑X‑m-g‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-
A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b‑m-c‑p t‑_‑m‑w-_‑p k‑v-t‑^‑m-S- b‑m-W‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n A-b‑m-s‑f t‑\‑m-¡‑n
\-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p-ï‑m- ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. s‑]-s‑«-¶-b‑mÄ I‑o-i-
b‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p t‑]‑m-e‑o-t‑k‑m-^‑o-kÀ b‑n I-c‑p-X‑n-b s‑s‑I-t‑¯‑m-¡‑v ]‑p-d-
a-\‑p-h‑n-\‑v a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p- s‑¯-S‑p-¯‑v t‑]‑m-b‑nâ‑v »‑m-¦‑v
¶‑p. t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v t‑h-j-¯‑n h-c‑p-¶- s‑d-b‑v-©‑n \‑n-¶‑v a‑q-¶‑p X-h-W
h-s‑c-b‑p‑w B-b‑p-[-[‑m-c‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
A-h‑n-t‑S-¡‑v I-S-¯‑n h‑n-S-c‑p-s‑X-¶‑v. s‑\-©‑n-e‑p‑w h-b-ä‑n-e‑p‑w \‑m-`‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w
A-X‑p X‑p-f-¨‑p I-b-d‑n. c-ï‑p I-¿‑p‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n _‑nÀ-e‑m-a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n D-bÀ-¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n \‑n-e-¯‑p h‑o-g‑p-
X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v F-Ã‑m Z‑n-h-k- ¶‑p. _-e‑n-j‑vT-I‑m-b-\‑m-b H-c‑mÄ K‑m-
h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w A-©‑p a-W‑n- Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b h‑m-c‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑v A-I-t‑¯-
¡‑v a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n A-e‑v-]‑w ¡‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n. a-\‑p
D-bÀ-¶ ]‑pÂ-¯-I‑n-S‑n-b‑n kÀ-Æ s‑_³ h‑m-¨‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-W‑n
a-X {‑]‑mÀ-°-\ \-S-¯‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑© ]-X‑n-t‑\-g‑v. A-c-a-W‑n-¡‑q-d‑m-
k‑z-t‑Z-i‑n-b-c‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z-i‑n-b-c‑p‑w A-X‑n b‑n-Ã;t‑U‑m-Î-d‑p-s‑S H‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-K‑n-I-a‑m-b
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m-s‑\-¯‑p‑w. h-e‑n-b h-e‑n-b A-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑p h-¶‑p: K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n Z‑n-h‑w-K-
]-Z-h‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p-Å-h-c‑p‑w k‑m-[‑m-c-W- X-\‑m-b‑n.
¡‑m-c‑p‑w A-X‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p‑w.
L‑m-X-I³ \‑m-e‑m-a-s‑X‑m-c‑p s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-
kÀ-Z‑mÀ ]-t‑«-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n- ï-b‑p-X‑nÀ-¯‑v k‑z-b‑w l-X‑y-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-c‑p-
¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑v t‑\-c‑w t‑]‑m-b-X-d‑n-ª‑n-Ã. §-s‑h A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ F‑w-_-k‑n-b‑nÂ
{‑]‑mÀ-°-\-b‑v-¡‑v ]-¯‑p a‑n-\‑n-ä‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w ]‑p-X‑p-X‑m-b‑n h-¶ s‑s‑h-k‑v I‑u¬-
s‑s‑h-I‑n. A-X‑n-\-t‑±-l‑w klmbn k s‑d-b‑v-\À A-b‑m-s‑f I-S-¶‑p-
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w26
]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p. H-c‑p GÀ-t‑^‑m-g‑v-k‑v D-t‑Z‑y‑m-
K-س A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I X-«‑n
a‑m-ä‑n. t‑X‑m-¡‑p \‑n-e-¯‑p h‑o-W‑p. `-S³
A-b‑m-s‑f s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨‑p h‑o-g-¯‑m³
X‑p-S-§-s‑h t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v X-S-ª‑p.
s‑d-b‑v-\À-¡‑p ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e P-\-§Ä
s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-b‑v-X L‑m-X-I-s‑\
t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. X‑m³
\‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑m-
s‑W-¶‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b s‑I‑m-¶-X‑nÂ
b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p I‑p-ä-t‑_‑m-[-h‑p-a‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w
A-b‑mÄ ]-d-ª‑p.
H‑mÄ C³-U‑y‑m t‑d-U‑n-t‑b‑m-h‑n-e‑q-s‑S
C-´‑y³ {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n P-h-lÀ-e‑mÂ
s‑\-l‑v-d‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-t‑b‑m-K
h‑mÀ-¯ t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ A-d‑n-b‑n-¨-X‑v
N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e X‑n-f-§‑p-¶ h‑m-¡‑p-
I-f‑m-b‑n t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-s‑¸-«‑p: ‑'‑'
\-½‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v
B Z‑n-h‑y {‑]-I‑m-i‑w t‑]‑m-b‑v a-d-ª‑p.
F-§‑p‑w I‑q-c‑n-c‑pÄ a‑m-{‑X‑w.‑'‑' A-X‑n-\‑p
a‑p-t‑¼ _‑n _‑n k‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
a-c-W-h‑r-¯‑m-´‑w t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ A-d‑n-
b‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-c-W‑w
_‑n._‑n.k‑n-b‑p-s‑S UÂ-l‑n d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«À
t‑_‑m-_‑v Ì‑n‑w-k¬ F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-\‑p‑w
Z‑r-I‑v-k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-b‑n _‑nÀ-e‑m-a-µ‑n-c-¯‑n-
e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
C-´‑y‑m h‑n-`-P-\-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n
UÂ-l‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-
e‑p‑w X-e-s‑]‑m-¡‑n-b I-e‑m-]-§-s‑f i-a‑n-
¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v 1947 k-]‑v-ä‑w-_À B-Z‑y‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n UÂ-l‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-¶-X‑v.
h‑n-`-P-\-I‑m-e-s‑¯ I-c‑m-d-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v
C-´‑y ]‑m-¡‑n-Ø‑m-\‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³
_‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å A-¼-¯-©‑p t‑I‑m-S‑n
c‑q-] I‑m-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n C-´‑y‑m ]‑m-I‑v
k‑w-LÀ-j‑w s‑]‑m-«‑n-¸‑p-d-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ
C-´‑y a-c-h‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
C-X‑v D-S³ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n X‑m³
\‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c k-a-c‑w \-S-¯‑p-s‑a-¶‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p
I‑o-g-S-§‑n C-´‑y {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X X‑p-I
]‑m-¡‑n-Ø‑m-\‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-
\‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑q-«-
s‑c-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑p t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-
¡‑m-\‑p-Å A-S‑n-b-´-c I‑m-c-W‑w.
]‑q-s‑\-b‑n-s‑e c‑m-P‑v-K‑p-c‑p \-K-c‑n-e‑m-
W‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k P-\‑n-¨-X‑v-. (A-¶‑v
t‑J-Z‑v F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C‑u Ø-e‑w
A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v). h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-
U‑v-s‑k-e-£‑v-a‑n Z-¼-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S a‑q-¯
a-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m-a‑n-s‑\-¡‑q-S‑m-
s‑X Z-¯‑m-t‑{‑X-b‑, t‑K‑m-]‑mÂ‑,
t‑K‑m-h‑n-µ‑v F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ a‑q-¶‑p
a-¡-f‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
27
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
\‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k
A-ѳ t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v h‑n-c-a‑n-¨ t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k‑, h‑n-j‑v-W‑p c‑m-a-I‑r-j-W C‑u h‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-W‑v. \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w
t‑i-j‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w a-l‑m-c‑m-{‑ã-b‑n-s‑e- I‑mÀ-I‑m-t‑d X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-c‑m-W‑v {‑]-X‑n- h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p-s‑S k-t‑l‑m-
¯-s‑¶ k‑m‑w-¥‑n-F-¶ Ø-e-¯‑v I-s‑f-¶‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p-a-d‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶ Z-c-\‑p‑w I‑q-«‑p-{‑]-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b t‑K‑m-]‑mÂ
X‑m-a-k-a‑p-d-¸‑n-¨‑p. N-c‑n-{‑X k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v. X-e-\‑m-c‑n-g-¡‑m-W‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k‑, X-s‑â B-ß-I-Y A-h-X-
k-hÀ-¡À A-¶‑v i‑n-£-b‑n c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v: "R-§Ä
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k X-s‑â s‑s‑l-k‑v-I‑qÄ \‑n-s‑¶‑m-g‑n-h‑m-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑v. F-Ã‑m k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑p‑w BÀ.F-
]T-\‑w D-t‑]-£‑n-¨‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-l‑m-k-`- k‑v.F-k‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-
b‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b‑n. X-§-f‑p-s‑S BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-s‑â Ø‑m-]-I- X‑n-t‑e-¡‑mÄ BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-e‑m-W‑v
{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k c‑m-b A-©‑p {‑]-[‑m-\ t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä R-§Ä h-fÀ-¶-X‑v. BÀ.Fk‑v.F-k‑v.
F-¶‑v BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w t‑U‑m._‑n.F-k‑v.a‑q-t‑©‑, t‑U‑m. R-§Ä-¡‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-b‑n-
k-½-X‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k FÂ.h‑n.]-c-©‑v t‑]‑, t‑U‑m.t‑X‑mÂ- c‑p-¶‑p.' \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-
A-{‑K‑m-W‑n F-¶ t‑]-c‑n H-c‑p ¡À‑, t‑U‑m. s‑l-U‑v-t‑K-h‑mÀ‑, _‑m-_‑m s‑â ‑"_‑u-²‑n-I‑v I‑m-c‑y-h‑m-l‑v '
a-d‑m-¯‑n Z‑n-\-]-{‑X‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p. d‑m-h‑p k-hÀ-¡À F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v. B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v tKm]mÂ
G-X‑m-\‑p‑w hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w _‑m-_‑m d‑m-h‑p k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S C-f-b tKmUvskbpsS ]u{X³ kXy-
C‑u ]-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑v l‑n-µ‑pc‑m-{‑ã k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-\‑p‑w C-´‑y³ k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y Inbpw Dd¸n¨p ]dbp¶p.
F-¶‑pa‑m-ä‑n. k-a-c `-S-\‑p‑w a‑m-s‑¸-g‑p-X‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¯‑v
P-b‑n t‑a‑m-N‑n-X-\‑m-b `‑o-c‑p-h‑p-a‑m-b \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v.h‑n-«‑n-
U-¡‑m-\‑n-s‑e a‑p-É‑n‑w `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m- BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-s‑â k-a‑p-¶-X c‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w t‑K‑m-]‑m ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p.
c‑n-b‑m-b D-aÀ B-e‑n J‑m-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c t‑\-X‑m-h‑m-W‑v h‑n.U‑n.k-hÀ-¡À. BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-t‑\-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â
\‑n-Ê-l-I-c-W k-a-c‑w \-b‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑\-X‑m-h‑v t‑K‑mÄ-h‑mÄ-¡-t‑d-b‑p‑w I‑p-c‑p-
\‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w. \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k- ¡‑n s‑]-S‑p-¯‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v X‑m³
b‑p‑w \‑m-c‑m-b¬ B-]‑v-s‑X-b‑p‑w 1949 BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v.h‑n-«‑p F-¶‑v \‑m-Y‑p-
I‑z‑n-ä‑v C-´‑y‑m k-a-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v l‑n-µ‑p \-h‑w-_À 15\‑v X‑q-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-Ã-s‑¸-«‑p. d‑m‑w t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n ]-d-ª-s‑X-¶‑p‑w
a-l‑m-k-` {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n k-J‑y- a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ P-b‑n-e‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n. t‑K‑m-]‑m t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
a‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n. a‑p-É‑o‑w \‑y‑q-\-]-£-§-s‑f
{‑]‑o-X‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n l‑n-µ‑p K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w N‑n-e 1934Â k‑z-t‑Z-i-a‑m-b c-X‑v-\-K‑n-c‑n-
X‑m-e‑v-]-c‑y-§-s‑f _-e‑n-I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v.t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä P-h-lÀ- b‑n BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-s‑â i‑m-J
F-¶‑v A-hÀ B-t‑c‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. e‑m s‑\-l‑v-d‑p h‑n-s‑\ I-ï‑v l‑n-µ‑p Ø‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑v \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v
a-l‑m-k-`-s‑b X-§Ä C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑p-s‑a- t‑_‑m‑w-s‑_ k‑v-s‑]-j {‑_‑m-©‑v
C-´‑y‑m-h‑n-`-P-\ I‑m-e-s‑¯ hÀ-K‑o- s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ h‑o-¼‑p ]-d-ª-X‑v I‑p-ä‑w t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v U-]‑y‑q-«‑n I-½‑o-j-WÀ
b-e-l-f-I-f‑n l‑n-µ‑p-¡Ä s‑I‑m-Ã- l‑n-µ‑p-k-`-b‑p-s‑S t‑a a‑m-{‑X‑w s‑I-«‑n P‑w-s‑j-U‑v \‑m-KÀ-h‑m-e K‑q-V‑m-t‑e‑m-N-
s‑¸-«-X‑n-\‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑m-W‑p-¯-c- h-¨‑v BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-s‑\ c-£‑n-¡‑m- \-b‑p-s‑S I‑p-ä‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑nÂ
h‑m-Z‑n-s‑b-¶‑v A-hÀ {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. \‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑p-s‑X‑m-«‑n-t‑¶‑m-f‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
]‑m-¡‑n-Ø‑m-\‑n \‑n-¶‑p C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e- C‑u {‑]-N-c-W-a‑m-W‑v k‑w-L-]-c‑n-h‑mÀ
¯‑n-b l‑n-µ‑p A-`-b‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \-S-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C‑u-b- t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑p
{‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w-t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k S‑p-¯ I‑m-e-¯‑v c‑m-l‑p K‑m-Ô‑n I‑m-c-\‑m-b B-]‑v s‑X-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w k-hÀ-
d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-s‑¯ BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑p-a‑m- ¡-d‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-h-[-¯‑n-\‑v F-{‑X-
b‑n _-Ô‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b t‑b‑m a‑p-¼‑p-X-s‑¶ _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n K‑q-V‑m- ]‑p-I‑n-e‑p-IÄ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w A-hÀ H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v b‑m-{‑X s‑N-¿‑m-d‑p-a‑p-
t‑e‑m-N-\-b‑p-ï‑m-s‑b-¶‑p‑w h‑n.U‑n.k-hÀ- ]-d-t‑b-ï-X‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m. ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-h-k‑m-\‑w H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v
¡-d‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-X‑p b‑m-{‑X s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑v
\-S-¶-s‑X-¶‑p‑w i-¦À I‑n-j‑v-X-¿‑, BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v A-à K‑m-Ô‑n h-[- A-©‑p a‑m-k‑w a‑p-¼‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
t‑K‑m-]‑m t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k‑, a-Z³-e‑m ¯‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-s‑â K‑q-V‑m-t‑e‑m-N-
]-l‑v h‑, Z‑n-K‑w-_À _‑m-K‑v-s‑Z‑, N-c‑n-{‑X k-X‑y-§-f‑p‑w s‑X-f‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p‑w
\‑m-c‑m-b¬ B-]‑v-s‑X‑, \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w
28
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w Ø‑m³ s‑s‑S‑w-k‑n-s‑â F-U‑n-ä-d‑p-a‑m-b
t‑Z-h-Z‑m-k‑v K‑m-Ô‑n s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑K‑m-
k-hÀ-¡À- t‑K‑mÄ-h‑mÄ-¡-À- U‑v-s‑k B-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª H-c‑p
h‑m-N-I-a‑p-ï‑v: "R‑m-\‑n-X‑p s‑N-¿‑m³
\-b‑n X-\‑n-¡‑p ]-¦‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v k-hÀ- ¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑h-s‑d s‑X-f‑n-h‑v \‑nÀ-º-²-\‑m-b-X‑v h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b
¡À t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑n-Ã. h‑n-t‑Z‑z-j‑w s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m ]-I s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m
L‑m-X-I-s‑\ ‑']-Þ‑n-ä‑v \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w‑' a-ä‑p Z‑p-c‑p-t‑±-i‑y-§Ä s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m A-Ã."
F-¶‑v A-X‑o-h h‑n-\-b-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v "H-c‑p {‑`‑m-´³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑n-s‑¶ \‑n-§-s‑f-´‑n-\-§-s‑\ s‑N-b‑v-
k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v P‑o-h-\‑v A-d‑p-X‑n h-c‑p-¯‑n. A-X‑p X‑p? F-¶ t‑Z-h-Z‑m-k‑n-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-
h‑n-N‑m-c-W‑m t‑c-J-I-f‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w. s‑N-b‑v-X-h-s‑\ {‑`‑m-´-s‑\-t‑¶ R‑m³ \‑v \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m-a‑n-s‑â D-¯-c‑w C-X‑m-b‑n-
h‑n-f‑n-¡‑q. I-g‑n-ª I‑p-t‑d a‑m-k-§-f‑p‑w c‑p-¶‑p: "I‑m-c-W‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑m-W‑v.
l‑n-µ‑p-¡-s‑f s‑s‑k-\‑y-h-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I hÀ-j-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n C‑u c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v A-a‑n- c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w.‑'‑' C‑u c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑m-W‑v
F-¶ k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S B-i-b-K-X‑n-¡- X-a‑m-b t‑X‑m-X‑n h‑n-j‑w {‑]-k-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑\-{‑l‑p `‑w-K‑y-´-t‑c-W k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑p‑w
\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n-b ‑'l‑n-µ‑p c‑m-{‑ã s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. P-\-a-\-Ê‑p- t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª-X‑p-
Z-f‑n-s‑â ‑' {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, I-s‑f k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å I-g‑n-h‑v C‑u a‑m-b hÀ-¤‑o-b h‑n-j‑w h-a‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶
B-]‑v-s‑X-b‑p‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k-b‑p‑w F-¶‑v h‑n-j-¯‑n-\‑p-ï‑v. C‑u h‑n-j-s‑¯ \‑m‑w BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w.
h‑n.U‑n.k-hÀ-¡À h‑n-N‑m-c-W t‑h-f- I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w \‑nÀ-½‑mÀ-Ö-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-
b‑n t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n X‑p-d-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑n- I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w. \-s‑½ h-e-b‑w s‑N-b‑v- l‑n-ä‑v-e-d‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S-
«‑p-ï‑v. l‑n-µ‑p c‑m-{‑ã-Z-f‑n-s‑â Ø‑m- X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ F-Ã‑m A-]-I-S-§-t‑f-b‑p‑w b‑p‑w \‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v / ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v k‑w-L-S-
]-I³ \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k {‑`‑m-´-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-t‑e‑m t‑a‑m-i-a‑m-b \-I-f‑p-s‑S c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v BÀ.Fkv.
-b‑mW‑v. 1946Â t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k k-hÀ-¡À- c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-t‑e‑m A-Ã‑m-s‑X \-½‑p-s‑S Fkv. c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑K‑mÄ-
s‑¡-g‑p-X‑n-b H-c‑p I-¯‑n {‑]‑n-b-¦-c-\‑m-b K‑p-c‑p-\‑m-Y³ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p h‑mÄ-¡À A-t‑U‑mÄ-^‑v l‑n-ä‑v-et‑d‑m-
UÂ-l‑n-b‑n-s‑e P‑p-K I‑n-t‑j‑mÀ X-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n t‑h-W‑w \‑m‑w S‑p-Å B-c‑m-[-\ a‑q-¯‑v C-§-s‑\
_‑nÀ-f k-hÀ-¡À-¡‑p \-e-I‑n-b A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v." {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v: "hÀ-¤-¯‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w
s‑N-¡‑n-s‑e B-b‑n-c‑w c‑q-] t‑K‑m-U‑v k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-i‑p-²‑n-
s‑k-¡‑p \-e‑v-I‑m³ A-[‑n-I‑m-c-s‑¸- F-g‑p-]-X‑p hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑v k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ s‑N-b‑v-X
S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v X-\‑n-¡‑p I‑n-«‑n-b I‑m-c‑y‑w K‑m-Ô‑nh-[-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä Ç‑m-L-\‑o-ba‑m-W‑v.
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n- s‑\-l‑v-d‑p ]-d-ª B h‑n-j‑w X-s‑¶- "s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-a‑mÀ-¶ hÀ-¤-§-t‑f-b‑p‑w
s‑â kÀ-k‑w-L‑v N‑m-e-I‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶ b‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-e‑p-s‑a-{‑X-t‑b‑m `‑o-X‑n-Z-a‑m-b k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§-t‑f-b‑p‑w D-·‑q-e-\‑w
t‑K‑mÄ-h‑mÄ-¡-d‑p‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k-b‑p‑w c‑o-X‑n-b‑n C-´‑y-b‑n {‑]-k-c‑n-¨‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑v l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ F-§-s‑\
H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑p‑w s‑X-f‑n- s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n- G-Ia‑q-e-a‑m-b hÀ-¤-¯‑n-\‑v c‑q-]‑w
h‑p-ï‑v. BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v. Ø‑m-]-I- s‑â hÀ-K‑o-b h‑n-j-ZÀ-i-\-§Ä. s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨‑p F-¶ ]‑mT‑w
c‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑m-f‑m-b _‑m-_‑m d‑m-h‑p F-¶ l‑n-µ‑p-Ø‑m³ ]T‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v
P‑n.U‑n.k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S ‑'c‑m-{‑ã-a‑o-a‑m‑w-k‑' t‑K‑m-]‑m t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k F-g‑p-X‑n-b t‑K‑mÄ-h‑mÄ-¡À ]-d-ª‑p. C-´‑y³
F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w C‑w-¥‑o-j‑n-t‑e-¡‑v XÀ- ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-h‑p‑w t‑i-j-h‑p‑w‑' F-¶ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â a-l-\‑o-b-a‑m-b
Ö-a s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v c-ï‑p t‑]-c‑p‑w I‑r-X‑n-b‑n h‑n-h-c‑n-¨ N‑n-e I‑m-c‑y-§Ä s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-s‑¯ A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³
I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. K‑m-Ô‑nh-[-¯‑n {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-W‑v. ]‑mÀ-e-s‑a³-d‑n-\-S‑p- BÀ.Fkv.Fkv. X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑n-\‑p ]-¦‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- ¯‑p-Å t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v t‑Ì-j-\‑n X-s‑â
]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â L‑m-X-I-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m³ s‑l-U‑v-t‑K-h‑m-d‑n-s‑â _‑u-²‑n-I D-]-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑p-{‑X-\‑p‑w l‑n-µ‑p- t‑Z-i-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ _‑n.F-k‑v.a‑q-t‑©
b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å
_-Ô‑w a‑mÀ-k‑n-b I-t‑k‑m-e‑m-c‑n F-¶
C-ä‑m-e‑n-b³ K-t‑h-j-I s‑X-f‑n-h‑p
k-l‑n-X‑w X‑p-d-¶‑p I‑m-«‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
1931 Â h-«-t‑a-i k-t‑½-f-\‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v
a-S-§-s‑h a‑q-s‑© C-ä-e‑n-b‑n t‑]‑m-h‑p-
I-b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑n-¡‑m-
g‑v-N \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑n-e‑n-ä-d‑n t‑I‑m-f-P‑p‑w
a‑n-e‑n-ä-d‑n k‑v-I‑q-f‑p‑w a‑q-s‑© k-µÀ-i‑n-
¨‑p. X-s‑â U-b-d‑n-b‑n C‑u k-µÀ-i-
\-h‑n-h-c-§Ä t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n
13 t‑]-P‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v a‑q-s‑© \‑o-¡‑n-h-
¨-X‑v. a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v
a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑n BÀ.Fkv.Fkv. s‑\
c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-b‑m-f‑p-
s‑S k-µÀ-i-\‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b h-[‑n-¨
1934 t‑a‑m-UÂ 9 mm C-ä‑m-e‑n-b³
29
\‑nÀ-½‑n-X 606824 \-¼À _-t‑d-ä C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b a‑q-s‑© ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v c‑n {‑]-[‑m-\ {‑]-X‑n B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
s‑k-a‑n H‑m-t‑«‑m-a‑m-ä‑n-I‑v ]‑n-Ì-f‑n-\‑p-a‑p- c‑o-X‑n-b‑n BÀ.Fkv.Fkns‑\ h-fÀ- U-¦‑n-¸-\‑n _‑m-[‑n-¨‑v a-c‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ
s‑ï‑m-c‑p ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w. 1935Â ¯‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑n-s‑â t‑Z-i‑o-b-]-X‑m-I ]‑p-X-¸‑n-¨‑v C³-U‑y³
a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑k-\‑y‑w B-{‑^‑n- ]-c‑n-W-X-^-e-§-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n h-[‑w ]-X‑m-I-s‑b a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, a‑p-g‑p-h³ C-´‑y-
¡-b‑n-s‑e F-t‑X‑y‑m-]‑y B-{‑I-a‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑p-XÂ C-¶‑p-h-s‑c-b‑p-Å F-g‑p-]-X‑p ¡‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w BÀ.F-k‑v.F-k‑v
H-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\ s‑s‑k-\‑n-I t‑a-[‑m-h‑n hÀ-j-§-f‑n-s‑e C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e I-e‑m-]-c‑m- A-]-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v C‑u t‑X‑m-¡‑v. {‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â N-c‑n-{‑X‑w.
1941 C-ä-e‑n {‑_‑n-«-\‑p a‑p-¶‑n a‑p-«‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p t‑\-s‑c-b‑p-bÀ-¶
I‑p-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ C‑u t‑X‑m-¡‑v C-´‑y- t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-s‑b X‑q-¡‑n-t‑e-ä‑n-b \-h‑w- t‑X‑m-¡‑p-I-t‑f-¡‑mÄ \-h‑o-\a‑m-b
b‑n-s‑e K‑z‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑mÀ I‑m-e‑mÄ-¸-S-b‑v-¡‑p _À 15 C-¶‑p‑w k‑w-L-]-c‑n-h‑m-c-¯‑n-\- t‑X‑m-¡‑p-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v C-¶‑p‑w s‑h-
e-`‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w I-a‑m³-UÀ P-\-d I-s‑¯ l‑n-µ‑p-a-l‑m-k-` c-à-k‑m-£‑n S‑n-b‑p-ï-IÄ X‑p-c‑p-X‑p-c‑m hÀ-j‑n-¨‑p
t‑P‑m-j‑n A-s‑X‑m-c‑p h‑n-P-b-N‑n-Ó-a‑m-b‑n Z‑n-\-a‑m-b‑n B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-J-Þ s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. IÂ _‑pÀ-K‑n‑,
k‑q-£‑n-¡‑p-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. ]‑n-¶‑n-S- `‑m-c-X‑w F-¶ k‑z-]‑v-\-k‑m-^-e‑y-¯‑n-\‑p [‑m-t‑_‑mÂ-¡À‑, ]³-k‑m-s‑c‑, K‑u-c‑n
s‑X-§-s‑\-t‑b‑m X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p a-d‑n-ª‑v t‑i-j‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w \‑n-a-Ö-\‑w s‑N-¿‑m-\‑m- et¦jv F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ ]-Þ‑n-X-c‑p‑w
K‑z‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑m-d‑n-s‑e B-b‑p-[-h‑y‑m-]‑m-c‑n- b‑n A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S N‑n-X‑m-`-k‑v-a‑w k‑q-£‑n- N‑n-´-I-c‑p-a‑m-b {‑]-X‑n-`-I-s‑f s‑h-S‑n-
b‑m-b P-K-Z‑o-j‑v {‑]-k‑m-Z‑v t‑K‑m-b-e‑n-s‑â ¨‑p h-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-g‑n-ª hÀ-j‑w h-¨‑p h‑o-g‑v-¯‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n c-à-
s‑s‑I-h-i-s‑a-¯‑n-s‑¸-«‑p. t‑K‑m-b-e‑n-t‑\‑m- t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-¡‑v K‑z‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑m-d‑n t‑£- k‑m-£‑n Z‑n-\-¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
S‑v A-X‑v A-ª‑q-d‑p c‑q-] s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p {‑X‑w ]-W‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. A-X‑n a‑m-l‑m-ß‑y-§Ä A-\‑p-k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-
h‑m-§‑n-b K‑w-K‑m-[À Z-´‑v h‑m-t‑Z-b‑m- t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p-s‑S c‑q-]‑w {‑]-X‑n-j‑vT‑n-¨‑v s‑\‑m-¸‑w I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-s‑â `‑o-I-c-X-s‑b-
W-X‑v Z-¯‑m-t‑{‑X-b ]À-¨‑q-t‑c h-g‑n ]‑q-P \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p. ¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v P-\-§-s‑f t‑_‑m-[-h‑m-·‑m-c‑m-
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-¡‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑v. C-ä-e‑n- ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w.
b‑n \‑n-¶‑v ^‑m-k‑n-k‑w ]T‑n-¨‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v C-¿‑n-s‑S Z‑m-{‑Z‑n-b‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v A-J‑v-
e‑m-¡‑n-s‑\ _‑o-^‑v k‑q-£‑n-¨‑p F-¶
I-Å-¡-Y-b‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n X-Ã‑n-s‑¡‑m-¶-h-
K‑m-Ô‑n:
N‑n-e Ç-Y-N‑n-´-IÄ
31
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
F‑w.F³.I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n
1948 P-\‑p-h-c‑n 30 \‑v {‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m t‑b‑m-K- I-¯‑n A-t‑±-l‑w F-g‑p-X‑n: "125
¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]-X‑n-h‑n- s‑I‑m-Ã‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ B-{‑K-l‑n-¨
Ã‑m-s‑X K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-¯‑p a‑n-\‑n-ä‑v H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v R‑m³. C-t‑¸‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑v
s‑s‑h-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-l‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b A-¯-c‑w B-{‑K-l-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã.
B-`-s‑b A-t‑±-l‑w h-g-¡‑p-]-d-ª‑p: F-\‑n-¡‑v 79 h-b-Ê‑m-b‑n. C-\‑n-b‑p‑w
"\‑o-b‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-\‑p-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n. \‑o-b‑m- B-b‑p-Ê‑v t‑h-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑n-Ã.
W-X‑v t‑\‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑v." A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k-a-b-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å
A-h‑n-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w B-t‑e‑m-N-\-b‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-X‑m-W‑v C‑u
]-c‑n-N‑n-X-\-Ã‑m-¯ t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k I-S-¶‑p h‑m-¨‑v R‑m³ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑v.
h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-b‑mÄ \-a-k‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ a‑m-{‑X-h‑p-a-Ã A-X‑v k‑zÀ-®-\‑n-d-a‑p-Å
X‑p-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-¨‑m-W‑v. k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑o-s‑c
a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p k-l‑m-b‑n a-\‑p ]-d-ª‑p: \‑n-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã.'
"a‑m-d‑q... _‑m-¸‑p C-t‑¸‑mÄ-X-s‑¶
s‑s‑h-I‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v'‑'. e-ï-\‑n ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n‑,
t‑N-«³ e-£‑v-a‑n-Z‑m-k‑n-\‑v X-\‑n-¡‑v k‑zÀ-
A-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑p-¶‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-¶‑v \-a-k‑v- ®-¯‑n-s‑â C-c-«-¨-§-e-b‑p-Å h‑m-¨‑v
I-c‑n-¨ \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k ]‑n-ÌÄ t‑h-W‑w F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p I-¯-b-¡‑p-I-
F-S‑p-¯‑v a‑q-¶‑p X-h-W s‑h-S‑n h-¨‑p. b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. e-£‑v-a‑n-Z‑m-k‑v A-X‑v
H-¶‑m-a-s‑¯ s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-ï h-b-ä‑n-e‑p‑w A-b-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n
_‑m-¡‑n c-s‑ï-®‑w s‑\-©‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p k-¼-¶-s‑â a-I-\‑m-W‑v. t‑]‑mÀ-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n h‑o-W‑p. B-`-b‑p-s‑S _-µ-d‑n-s‑e Z‑n-h‑m-s‑â a-I³. Z‑n-h‑m³
a-S‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑m-W-t‑±-l‑w h‑o-W-X‑v. F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑m {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n.
A-§-s‑\ 1948 P-\‑p-h-c‑n 30 \‑v Z‑n-h‑m³ B-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n-b‑m-W‑v
s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w 5.17 \‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v I‑m-_‑m K‑m-Ô‑n t‑a‑m-l³-
A-´-c‑n-¨‑p. Z‑m-k‑n-s‑\ C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w
C‑w-¥-ï‑n A-b-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w _‑mÀ
h‑m-¨‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p {‑]-X‑o-I- A-ä‑v t‑e‑m ]‑m-k‑m-I‑m³
a‑m-W‑v. I-¿‑n s‑I-«‑m-s‑X A-c-b‑n t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w.
s‑h-d‑p-s‑X X‑q-¡‑n-b‑n-S‑p-¶ h‑m-¨‑v
I-ï‑m K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v H‑mÀ-½- C-c‑p-]-X‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y-
h-c‑n-I. K‑m-Ô‑n s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h X-\‑n-¡‑v Z-i-I-§-f‑n K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p
I‑n-«‑n-b k-½‑m-\-§Ä \‑n-c-k‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. e-ï-\‑n ]T‑n-¡‑m³ h-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p
]-t‑£ H-¶‑v \‑n-c-k‑n-¨‑p. A-s‑X‑m-c‑p s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑m-c³ A-h‑n-s‑S H-c‑p s‑h-P‑n-
h‑m-¨‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑ä-d‑n-b³ s‑k‑m-s‑s‑k-ä‑n-s‑b A-t‑\‑z-
G-X‑m-\‑p‑w B-g‑v-N a‑p-¼‑v A-t‑±-l- j‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v
¯‑n-\‑v H-c‑p k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v A-b-¨‑p "Z‑n s‑h-P‑n-t‑ä-d‑n-b³‑' F-¶ a‑m-k‑n-I-
s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯ k‑zÀ-® \‑n-d-a‑p-Å h‑m-¨‑v. b‑p-s‑S ]-{‑X‑m-[‑n-] k-a‑n-X‑n A‑w-K-a‑m-
F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-¼-c-¸‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v b‑n a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑n \‑n-c-´-c‑w
A-t‑±-l-a-X‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-b-¨‑p. I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å t‑e-J-\-§Ä F-g‑p-X‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]‑q-^‑v
t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X t‑a‑m-l³-Z‑m-k‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n A-¶‑v H-c‑p h‑n-N‑n-{‑X-a-\‑p-j‑y³
X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p-Å s‑\‑m-t‑_Â
k-½‑m-\‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶-
X‑v H-c‑p h-e‑n-b X-a‑m-i-b‑m-W‑v. A-©‑p-
h-«‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑v ]-c‑n-K-W-
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w 32
33
\-b‑v-¡‑p h-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-©‑p h-«-h‑p‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. c-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
X-Å‑n-¡-f-ª-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w C-´‑y-b‑n- hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑v C‑u t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ c‑m-P‑m-
s‑e s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p t‑Z-i‑o-b-t‑\-X‑m-h‑v k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p-Å h‑m-I‑m³ X‑m-\‑n-Ã F-¶‑v {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p-h‑p‑w
a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v, k‑mÀ-h-e‑u-I‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n s‑\‑m-t‑_Â k-½‑m-\‑w ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p‑w A-t‑X
{‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑p-Å H-c‑m-f-Ã F-¶ I-s‑ï- K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
¯Â I‑m-c-W-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v H-c‑p h-e‑n-b X-a‑m-i-b‑m-W‑v.
\-ã‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-¡-Ã‑, _‑p-²-\‑p‑w {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p-h‑p‑w H-s‑¡
s‑\‑m-t‑_Â k-½‑m-\ k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑m-W‑v. A-©‑p-h-«‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b t‑\-X‑m-¡-·‑mÀ B-t‑W‑m?
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑v A-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ {‑]-h‑m-N-I-·‑m-c‑p‑w s‑s‑Z-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n K‑p-c‑p-\‑m-Y-\‑m-b‑n I-ï-X‑v h-h‑p‑w A-h-X‑m-c-§-f‑p‑w H-s‑¡-b-t‑Ã?
t‑S‑mÄ-t‑Ì‑m-b‑n-s‑b B-W‑v. a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p ]-c‑n-K-W-\-b‑v-¡‑p ]-t‑£ A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v a-\‑p-j‑yÀ
K‑p-c‑p `-K-h-Z‑v-K‑o-X-b‑m-W‑v F-¶‑p‑w h-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-©‑ph-«-h‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n-b h‑n-t‑i-j-W-§-f‑m-
A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. t‑S‑mÄ-t‑Ì‑m- X-Å‑n-¡-f-ª-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w W‑v. {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p H-c‑p a-X-h‑p‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-
b‑n-¡‑p‑w s‑\‑m-t‑_Â k-½‑m-\‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n- C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p ¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â i‑n-j‑y-·‑m-c‑p‑w
«‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n³-s‑d t‑]-c‑v ]-c‑n-K-W- i‑n-j‑y-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S i‑n-j‑y-·‑m-c‑p-a‑m-W‑v
\-b‑v-¡‑v h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ BÂ-{‑^-U‑v t‑Z-i‑o-b-t‑\-X‑m-h‑v a-X‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. _‑p-²³ H-c‑p
s‑\‑m-t‑_-e‑n-s‑â ]-c-a-`-à-b‑m-b `‑m-c‑y a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v, k‑mÀ-h-e‑u-I‑n- I‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v "R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-
A-X‑v X-Å‑n-¡-f-ª‑p. NÀ-¨‑n-s‑\ I-a‑m-b‑n {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑p-Å X‑m-W‑v F-¶ I‑m-c-W-¯‑m a‑m-{‑X‑w
\‑n-µ‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v C‑u k-½‑m-\‑w H-c‑m-f-à F-¶ I-s‑ï-¯Â \‑n-§Ä H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-h‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡-c‑p-
s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑m-c-W-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v X‑v" F-¶‑m-W‑v. "R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\-
A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑m-Z‑w. ¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \‑n-§-f‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¡-W‑w F-¶‑v
\-ã‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a R‑m³ B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p-Å‑q.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b X-«‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n-¡-Ã‑, \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ
C-¶‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. P-\-X‑m a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ
]‑mÀ-«‑n ]‑n-fÀ-¶‑v a‑p³ P-\-k‑w-L‑w s‑\‑m-t‑_Â k-½‑m-\ X-Å‑n-¡-f-b‑m‑w.‑'‑' C-§-s‑\ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v
{‑K‑q-¸‑v `‑m-c-X‑o-b P-\-X‑m ]‑mÀ-S‑n A-Y- k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑m-W‑v. a-X-a‑m-I‑n-Ã. C-X‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑w‑, C-X‑m-
h‑m _‑n-s‑P-]‑n F-¶ t‑]-c‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n- W‑v i-c‑n‑, C-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v i-c‑n‑, C-X‑p
¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-h-c‑p-s‑S k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-\- X-s‑¶ ]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑p-I F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶-
b-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑v ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ X‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v a-X-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v.
t‑k‑m-j‑y-e‑n-k‑w‑' B¬ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b- A-§-s‑\ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p-
s‑¡‑m-ï‑v N‑n-e {‑]-t‑b‑m-P-\-§-s‑f‑m- a-X-h‑p‑w _‑p-²-a-X-h‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w A-hÀ-
s‑¡-b‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v A-hÀ-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. ¡‑v t‑i-j‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w D-ï‑m-b-X‑m-W‑v.
]-t‑£ A-hÀ D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑m³
B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k-s‑b K‑m-Ô‑n-a-X‑w F-s‑¶‑m-c‑p a-X-a‑p-
B-W‑v. h-e‑n-b K‑m-Ô‑n-b-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑ï‑m? ‑'F-´‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-k‑w‑' F-¶‑p
F³ h‑n I‑r-j‑v-W-h‑m-c‑yÀ ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p‑w‑' F-¶ H-c‑p I-h‑n-X A-t‑±-l‑w a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n
F-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. t‑d-j³ I-S-b‑v-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a-b‑p-Å‑q K‑m-Ô‑n-k‑w F-s‑¶‑m-
a‑p-¶‑n K‑m-Ô‑n I‑y‑q \‑nÂ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ¶‑n-Ã‑'F-¶‑m-W‑v. a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯ \‑n-c-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S ]-c-¶ H-c‑p I-Y t‑I-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. e-ï³ s‑s‑S‑w-k‑v
h-e‑n-b I‑m-d‑n k‑p-J-t‑e‑m-e‑p-]-\‑m-b B-s‑W-¶‑m-W‑v H‑mÀ-½‑, A-X‑n-s‑â
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑m-c‑m-´‑y-¸-X‑n-¸‑n ‑'F-´‑m-W‑v
c‑w-K‑w A-t‑±-l‑w hÀ-®‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-k‑w?‑'F-¶ t‑]-c‑n H-c‑p
C‑u c‑m-P‑y‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z- t‑e-J-\‑w h-¶‑p. C-X‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨‑v
¯‑n ‑'H-ä a-\‑p-j‑y³ t‑]‑m F-g‑p- a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑v "s‑s‑Z-h-¯‑n-\‑p \-µ‑n. R‑m³
t‑¶-ä‑p \‑n-¶-X‑v' I-ï-b‑m-f‑m-W‑v F³ H-c‑p a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-Ì‑v A-Ã" F-¶‑p
h‑n. A-§‑n-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p `‑q-X-I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑p-h-t‑{‑X.
K‑m-Ô‑n. C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v A-X‑v a-\-
Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑n-Ã. a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m- A-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-k‑w C-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶
t‑¡-ï B-h-i‑y-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w F-´‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
K‑m-Ô‑n F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v X-s‑¶ {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w?
C-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p `‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v, `‑m-c-X‑o-b-\‑v.
K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v kÀ-t‑h‑m-Z-b-¯‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w F-´‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v a‑p-l-½- H-c‑p {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w C-Ã. c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-
Z-e‑n P‑n-¶ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. "c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w k‑v-{‑X‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p
F-¶‑m A-[‑n-I‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v" F-¶‑m-W‑v {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-I‑m-c-\-Ã‑,
A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v. A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-I‑m-c-\‑m-W‑v.
D-t‑]-£‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v \-Ã-X‑v F-¶‑v
2500 s‑I‑m-Ã‑w a‑p-¼‑v {‑i‑o-_‑p-²-\‑p A-X‑m-b-X‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v
{‑]-[‑m-\‑w s‑F-U‑n-t‑b‑m-f-P‑n A-Ã‑,
s‑a-¯-t‑U‑m-f-P‑n B-W‑v F-¶À-°‑w.
34
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w X‑y‑m-K-a‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑a-¯- ¶-X‑nÂ-¸‑n-s‑¶ H-c‑p C‑u-i‑z-c-s‑\-b‑p‑w X‑m³ h-[‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m³
t‑U‑m-f-P‑n. X‑y‑m-K-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-t‑a B-c‑m-[‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. H-c‑p t‑£-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-h‑p‑w a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m ]‑q-P \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. H-c‑p C‑u-i‑z-c- K‑m-Ô‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
-k-h‑p‑w P-\-t‑k-h-\-h‑p‑w \‑nÀ-h-l‑n- t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w H-¶‑p‑w B-h-i‑y- B-d‑m-a-s‑¯ h-[-{‑i-a-a‑m-W‑v
¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑n-Ã. "C‑u-i‑z-c³ F-¶-X‑p‑w h‑n-P-b‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶‑v
F-¶‑m-W-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨-X‑v. A-Å‑m-l‑p F-¶-X‑p‑w \‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑v
X-s‑¶. A-Ã-t‑b‑m `-K-h³‑, \‑o F-Ã‑m- H‑mÀ-¡-W‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n F-g‑p-X‑n- hÀ-¡‑p‑w kÂ-_‑p-²‑n {‑]-Z‑m-\‑w s‑N-
b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-¼‑qÀ-W ¿-W-t‑a‑'‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v {‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¨-X‑v.
I‑r-X‑n-IÄ s‑X‑m-®‑q-s‑ä-«‑p t‑h‑m-f‑y-§- H-c‑p L-«-¯‑n A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p:
f‑n-e‑m-b‑n H-c‑p e-£‑w t‑]-P‑v h-c‑p‑w. "C‑u-i‑z-c³ k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-e A-h-k-c-§-f‑n H-t‑c \‑n-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.
I‑m-c‑y-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n ]-e A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä C-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ \‑n-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p-
]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. X‑m³ A-h-k‑m-\‑w ¶‑p‑, k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v C‑u-i‑z-c³.‑'‑' B-Z‑y‑w
]-d-ª-X‑m-W‑v X-s‑â A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w
F-¶‑m-W‑v A-t‑X-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-
t‑¸‑mÄ ]-d-ª-X‑v. H-c‑p {‑]-X‑y-b-
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w F-g‑p-X‑n h-¨‑v A-X‑v ]‑m-e‑n-
¡‑p-¶ ]-W‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l-
¯‑n-s‑â B-ß-I-Y-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v X-s‑¶
‑'F-s‑â k-X‑y‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W ]-c‑o-£-W-
§-f‑p-s‑S I-Y‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v. k-X‑y‑w
F-´‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v
A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v.
e-ï-\‑n ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n
{‑]-i-k‑v-X-\‑m-b H-c‑p b‑p-à‑n-h‑m-Z‑n-
b‑p-s‑S i-h-k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¨-S-§‑nÂ
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-
b‑m-b K‑m-Ô‑n F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
\‑n-c‑o-i‑z-c-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑p‑w A-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-
a‑m-b H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S a-c-W‑m-\-´-c IÀ-½-
¯‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-X‑v F-¶
]-{‑X-t‑e-J-I-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
]‑nÂ-¡‑m-e-¯‑v C-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v
a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v: "F-\‑n-¡‑v A-t‑±-l-
t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v."
"F-´‑m-W‑v _-l‑p-a‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p D-Å
I‑m-c-W‑w?" F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ
C‑u-i‑z-c-s‑â Ø‑m-\‑w b‑p-à‑n-¡‑v
s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯ B-f‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w
F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v:
"b‑p-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-g‑n-¡‑v k-X‑y-s‑¯
A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-¶ B-f‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w.
A-X‑n-\‑m-e‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ _-l‑p-
a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â i-h-k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-
c-¨-S-§‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯-X‑v."
a-X-s‑¯ c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-
s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w D-¶-b‑n-¡‑p-¶
]-c‑m-X‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-X‑w h-f-s‑c
e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b H-¶‑m-W‑v. "F-\‑n-¡‑v a-X‑w
F-¶-X‑v F-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã-s‑¯ t‑k-h‑n-¡-
e‑m-W‑v" F-¶‑m-W-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v.
c‑m-{‑ã-s‑¯ t‑k-h‑n-¡-e‑m-W‑v X-s‑â
a-X‑w F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑m ]‑n-s‑¶
t‑h-s‑d c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑n-Ã. K‑m-Ô‑n a‑p-X‑nÀ-
35
]-d-ª-X‑v C‑u-i‑z-c³ D-ï‑v F-¶‑m- c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
s‑W-¦‑n ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-d-ª-X‑v k-X‑y‑w
A-Ã‑m-s‑X t‑h-s‑d C‑u-i‑z-c³ C-Ã ]-t‑«-e‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â h-g‑n-¡‑p k-`-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-I-W‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-
F-¶‑m-W‑v. t‑]‑m-b‑n. A-§-s‑\ A-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑mÄ s‑I‑m-ï‑v P-b-{‑]-I‑m-i‑v \‑m-c‑m-b-W-
J‑m³ A-Ð‑pÄ K‑m-^À J‑m³ B-b‑n- \‑v s‑\-l‑v-d‑p I-s‑¯-g‑p-X‑n. A-X‑v
"t‑l d‑m‑w" F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p c‑p-¶‑p . A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑P-]‑n-b‑p‑w H-c‑p
s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n a-c‑n-¨‑p h‑o-W-X‑v {‑]-k‑n-U³-d‑v B-¡‑m³ B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑n- I-¯‑v F-g‑p-X‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. ‑'a‑n-ÌÀ s‑s‑{‑]‑w-
F-¶-X‑v s‑h-d‑p‑w s‑I-«‑p-I-Y-b‑m-W‑v. c‑p-¶‑p. X-\‑n-¡‑v {‑]-k‑n-U-ï‑v B-I-ï‑, a‑n-\‑n-ÌÀ‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v, s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑n-s‑\
A-t‑±-l‑w a-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑X‑m-«-S‑p- H-c‑p t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b‑n- A-t‑±-l‑w k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v.
¯‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I-e‑y‑m-W‑w `‑m-K‑y-h- c‑p-¶‑m a-X‑n F-¶‑m-W‑v, A-X‑n-\‑p s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑n³-s‑d a-d‑p-]-S‑n
i‑m C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-Z‑n-c‑m-i‑n-b‑n P‑o-h‑n- A-t‑±-l‑w s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª- C-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: ‑'‑'a‑n-ÌÀ P-b-
¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑p-ï‑v. C-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v X‑v. C-X‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ c‑o-X‑n {‑]-I‑m-i‑v, \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v F-s‑â £-W‑w
95 h-b-Ê‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. a-l‑m-t‑Z-h‑v t‑Z-i‑m- \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å F-Ã‑m A-h-I‑m-
a-c‑n-¡‑m³ t‑\-c-¯‑v K‑m-Ô‑n H-¶‑p‑w b‑n-b‑p‑w P-b-{‑]-I‑m-i‑v \‑m-c‑m-b-W-\‑p‑w i-h‑p‑w D-ï‑v. ]-t‑£ F-s‑¶ P-h-
a‑n-ï‑n-b‑n-«‑n-à F-¶‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑m A-¯-c‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b-·‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. lÀ-e‑m F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m-s‑X a‑n-ÌÀ
‑'t‑l d‑m‑w I-Y‑' F-§-s‑\-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b- s‑s‑{‑]‑w-a‑n-\‑n-ÌÀ F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v H-«‑p‑w
F-¶-X‑v h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p X-a‑m-i-b‑m-W‑v. k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p‑w s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ i-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-Ã." P-\-t‑k-h-\‑w F-¶
P-\‑p-h-c‑n C-c‑p-]-X‑n-\‑v K‑m-Ô‑n a-c‑n- a-l‑m-t‑Z-h‑v t‑Z-i‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-S‑n- X‑y‑m-K-`-c‑n-X-a‑m-b b-Ú-¯‑n-\‑p
¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-¯‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v b‑n I‑n-S-¶‑m-W‑v a-c‑n-¨-X‑v. B-Z‑y-s‑¯ a‑p-¶‑n {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n ]-Z-h‑p‑w t‑I-{‑µ
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m t‑b‑m- C-S-¡‑m-e a-{‑´‑n-k-` D-ï‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-{‑´‑n ]-Z-h‑p‑w A‑w-_‑m-k-UÀ ]-Z-h‑n-
K-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H-c‑mÄ t‑_‑m‑w-s‑_-d‑n-b‑p- s‑\-l‑v-d‑p a-{‑´‑n-k-`-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v £-W‑n- b‑p‑w H-¶‑p-a-Ã‑, \‑n-Ê‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v.
I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v h-f-s‑c ¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. "P-h-lÀ-e‑mÂ‑, A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v.
_-l‑p-a‑m-\-a‑p-Å H-c‑p t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n F-¶
D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-س B {‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m ]-Z-h‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w a-X‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v" F-¶‑m-W‑v \‑q-ä‑n-s‑b-«‑m-a-s‑¯ h-b-Ê‑n-e‑m-W‑v
t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u t‑Z-i‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. X-s‑â a-{‑´‑n- _‑m-Z‑v-j‑m J‑m³ F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡-s‑¸-«
k‑w-`-h-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑i-j‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a-\‑p- K‑m-^À J‑m³ a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "\‑o K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v
{‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-
¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑m-s‑c A-\‑p-h-Z‑n
-¡-W‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b-W‑w." C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w
a-\‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑i-²-b‑nÂ-s‑]-S‑p-
¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p:
"G-X‑p t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑m-c-\‑p‑w F-s‑â
{‑]‑mÀ-°-\‑m-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n h-c‑m‑w.
B-b‑p-[‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v h-c‑m³ ]-ä‑n-Ã.
]‑n-s‑¶ s‑\-©‑n-\‑p t‑\-s‑c B-s‑c
-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-ï D-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑,
A-X‑v F-s‑â s‑\-©‑n-t‑e-ä‑p-h‑m-§‑p-
t‑¼‑mÄ t‑l d‑m‑w F-¶‑p-¨-c‑n-¨‑p-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v h‑o-W‑p a-c‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑n-b‑mÂ
\‑o B-f‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-b-W‑w \-½-f‑nÂ
N‑n-e-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ a-l‑m-ß‑m-
h‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v i-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³
k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v. A-Ã R‑m³
i-c‑o-c‑w P‑oÀ-W‑n-¨‑v I-«‑n-e‑n I‑n-S-¶‑m-
W‑v a-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-b-s‑X-¦‑n B-f‑p-I-
t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-b-W‑w‑, \-½Ä h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v
s‑X-ä‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n‑, A-t‑±-l‑w A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w
AÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑m-f-Ã." X‑m³ h-[‑n-
¡-s‑¸-S‑m³ t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v K‑m-
Ô‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-d‑m-a-s‑¯
h-[-{‑i-a-a‑m-W‑v h‑n-P-b‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶‑v
H‑mÀ-¡-W‑w.
1946Â X-\‑n-¡‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w A-\‑p-
b‑m-b‑n-IÄ D-ï‑v F-¶‑p ]-d-ª
K‑m-Ô‑n 1947 Â X-\‑n-¡‑v B-c‑p‑w C-Ã
F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑p‑w
36
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
"\‑n-§Ä P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n G-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w ]‑m-I‑n-Ø‑m³ P-b‑n-e‑n \‑n-t‑c‑m-[-\‑m-Ú ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h-¶ A-¶‑v
I-ï‑n-«‑p-Å G-ä-h‑p‑w Z-c‑n- B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. A-t‑±-l- X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-s‑¶ X-¿‑m-
{‑Z-\‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â a‑p-J‑w ¯‑n³-s‑d a-I³ ]‑p-ã‑p `‑m-j-b‑n-s‑e d‑m-¡‑n-b C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v ]-c‑n-`‑m-j ]‑p-d-¯‑p-
H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-I. \‑n-§Ä A-X‑n-{‑]-k‑n-²-\‑m-b I-h‑n-b‑m-b L-\‑n- h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. ‑'-l‑n-µ‑p-k‑z-c‑m-P‑v.‑' C-´‑y-b‑p-
]-d-b‑m-t‑\‑m s‑N-¿‑m-t‑\‑m t‑]‑m- L‑m-\‑p‑w F-{‑X-t‑b‑m I‑m-e‑w X-S-h‑n-e‑m- s‑S t‑l‑m‑w-d‑qÄ F-¶-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
I‑p-¶-X‑v A-b‑mÄ-¡‑v K‑p-W- b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1947 Â A-hÀ t‑]‑m-c‑m-«‑w C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v.
{‑]-Z-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑p- A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-à F-¶À-°‑w. F-Ã‑m B-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I-S-b‑v-
s‑ï-¦‑n A-X‑v ]-d-b‑p-I-t‑b‑m ¡Â I-¯‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-
s‑N-¿‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p-I. 1924 e‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n t‑I‑m¬-{‑K- k‑v-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-
A-s‑Ã-¦‑n s‑N-¿-c‑p-X‑v." k‑n-s‑â {‑]-k‑n-U-ï‑v B-h‑p-¶-X‑v. ¶-X‑v. k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
C-X‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-a-X‑w A-X‑n-\‑p‑w F-{‑X-t‑b‑m a‑p-¼‑v e-ï-\‑nÂ- B-ZÀ-i-§Ä A-Ã‑m k-¼-Z‑v-L-S-\-b‑m-
F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v; c‑m-{‑ã‑o- \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑P‑m-l‑m-\-k‑v _À-K‑n-t‑e-¡‑v W‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-ª-X‑v a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑m-W‑v.
b-s‑a-¶‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑a-¶‑p‑w I-¸-e‑n b‑m-{‑X s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y³ H-c‑p k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I P‑o-h‑n-
s‑N-d‑n-b ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-s‑a-g‑p-X‑n. 24 a-W‑n- b‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑v ]-d-ª-X‑v
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. ¡‑qÀ s‑I‑m-ï‑v F-g‑p-X-W‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-W‑v
h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨‑m-W‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. I‑p-t‑d- I-a‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑p-I‑mÀ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨-X‑v. C-F‑w-
¡-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑s‑I I‑p-g-ª‑p. F-k‑v \-¼‑q-X‑n-c‑n-¸‑m-S‑n-s‑â ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n-
K‑m-Ô‑n D-S-s‑\ C-S-X‑p-s‑s‑I-s‑I‑m-ï‑v b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-k-h‑p‑w‑' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-
F-g‑p-X‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n. A-§-s‑\ 24 I-¯‑n F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ s‑I‑m-ï‑v B ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w _‑qÀ-j‑z-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-c‑q-]‑w B-I‑p-¶-X‑v
F-g‑p-X‑n-¯‑oÀ-¯‑p. K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑n-b‑n-
e‑m-W‑v A-s‑X-g‑p-X‑n-b-X‑v. A-X‑v A-t‑±-
l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-I-S-\-]-{‑X‑n-I A-Y-h‑m
a‑m-\‑n-s‑^-t‑Ì‑m B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑v
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v K-h¬-s‑a³-d‑v \‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨‑p.
37
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. C-X‑v F-s‑´‑m-c‑p a‑p-¸-¯‑n-b‑m-d‑m‑w h-b-k‑n K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B-s‑I A-¦-e‑m-¸‑n-e‑m-
A-\‑y‑m-b-a‑m-W‑v? {‑_-Ò-N-c‑y‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w I‑p-¶‑p. B c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑n \‑m-e‑p-h-«-
X-s‑¶ k‑m-£‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑p a‑m-W‑v X‑m³ s‑s‑e‑w-K‑n-I h‑r-¯‑n-b‑nÂ
H-c‑n-¡Â K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v H-c‑mÄ t‑N‑m- t‑]‑m-s‑e C-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d s‑s‑e‑w-K‑n-I‑m-`‑n-\‑n- GÀ-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-¶-t‑±-l‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p.
Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v: "_‑m-¸‑q F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v t‑h-i‑w D-Å K‑m-Ô‑n s‑N-d‑n-b {‑]‑m-b- A-X‑n-s‑â I‑p-ä-t‑_‑m-[‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b
[À-½-h‑p‑w A-[À-½-h‑p‑w ]‑p-W‑y-h‑p‑w ¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v {‑_-Ò-N-c‑y‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶- P‑o-h‑n-X‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ t‑h-«-b‑m-S‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
]‑m-]-h‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-I?‑'‑' X‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w 43 s‑I‑m-Ã‑w h‑m-b‑v-¡‑v c‑p-N‑n-b‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v s‑h-¨‑v H-c‑p
K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p a‑n-\‑n-ä‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑p P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-ѳ a-c-W-i- B-l‑m-c-h‑p‑w I-g‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v. h‑n-i-¸‑p-
]-d-ª‑p: "\‑n-§Ä P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n ¿-b‑n B-W‑v F-¶-d‑n-ª‑v h‑o-«‑n- s‑ï-¦‑n I-g‑n-¡-W‑w. a-¡Ä D-ï‑m-
I-ï‑n-«‑p-Å G-ä-h‑p‑w Z-c‑n-{‑Z-\‑m-b a-\‑p- s‑e-¯‑n-b K‑m-Ô‑n‑, A-Ñ-s‑â I-¿‑p‑w h‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n-b-Ã‑m-s‑X s‑k-I‑v-k‑v
j‑y-s‑â a‑p-J‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-I. \‑n-§Ä I‑m-e‑p‑w X‑n-c‑p-½‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n- A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v. A-X‑v ]‑m-]-a‑m-W‑v.
]-d-b‑m-t‑\‑m s‑N-¿‑m-t‑\‑m t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v \‑n-S-b‑n s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v b‑p-h-h-[‑p-h‑n-s‑â a-X-¯‑n-s‑â h‑m-¡‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
A-b‑mÄ-¡‑v K‑p-W-{‑]-Z-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v a‑p-d‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. C-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n A-X‑v ]-d-b‑p- ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-c‑n-N‑m-c-I³ h-¶‑v h‑m-X‑n-
I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p-I. e‑n a‑p-«‑n A-ѳ a-c‑n-¨ h‑n-h-c‑w
A-s‑Ã-¦‑n s‑N-¿-c‑p-X‑v." C-X‑n-s‑\-
b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-a-X‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-
X‑v; c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-s‑a-¶‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑a-¶‑p‑w
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v.
38
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w 1909 Â K‑m-Ô‑n F-g‑p-X‑n: K‑m-Ô‑n k-X‑y‑w F-¶‑p‑w s‑s‑Z-h‑w ]-«‑m-`‑n-s‑b \‑nÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v. ‑']-«‑m-`‑n-b‑p-s‑S
"b‑q-t‑d‑m-]‑y-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S N‑n-´ F-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v H-¶‑p X-s‑¶- ]-c‑m-P-b‑w F-s‑â ]-c‑m-P-b-a‑m-s‑W‑'¶‑v
t‑e‑m-I‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ A-h-c‑p-s‑S b‑m-W‑v. c‑m-a³ F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p. a‑q-¶‑p-a‑m-k‑w I-g‑n-
N-c-¡‑v h‑n-ä-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ N-´ C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p-Å-hÀ a-X‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w. ª-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑_‑m-k‑n-\‑v c‑m-P‑n-h-¨‑p
B-¡‑n a‑m-ä-W‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v." ‑'‑'F-s‑â c‑m-a³ s‑s‑Z-h-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]‑m-t‑I-ï‑n-h-¶‑p.
\‑q-d‑p s‑I‑m-Ã‑w I-g‑n-ª‑m-W‑v A-h-X‑m-c-a-Ã‑, s‑s‑Z-h‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-
\-½Ä ‑'B-t‑K‑m-f-hÂ-¡-c- W‑v."A-h³ P-\‑n-¨‑n-t‑«‑m P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-t‑«‑m h‑n-aÀ-i-\-¯‑n-\‑v A-X‑o-X-\-Ã
W‑w‑' F-¶ h‑m-¡‑v D-]-t‑b‑m- a-c‑n-¨‑n-t‑«‑m C-Ã" F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n K‑m-Ô‑n. C-¶‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b
K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-X‑v a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n- ]-d-b‑p-I. B-Z‑n-t‑b‑m A-´-t‑a‑m h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w F-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
¡-ï K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w C-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p s‑s‑Z-h-s‑¯-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑p-¶-h-c‑n H-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w
A-d‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w c‑m-a³ F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-I-d‑n-Ì‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v. A-h-c‑nÂ
c‑m-a-c‑m-P‑y‑w F-¶-X‑v H-c‑p B-e-¦‑m-c‑n-I N‑n-e-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-
i-c‑n-b-Ã. {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-a‑m-W‑v. §-f‑p‑w h‑m-b‑n-¨‑mÂ‑, A-h-I‑m-i-§Ä
\-ã-s‑¸-« A-S‑n-b‑m-f h‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑n-s‑â
]-Þ‑n-X-\‑p‑w N‑n-´-I-\‑p‑w F-g‑p-¯‑p- G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b i-{‑X‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-
I‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑I Z‑m-t‑a‑m-Z-c³ s‑W-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w. l-c‑n-P-\-§Ä-¡‑v
h‑n-b-ä‑v-\‑m-a‑n s‑h-¨‑v t‑l‑m-N‑n-a‑n-s‑\ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I a-Þ-e‑w A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑\
I-ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p `-£-W‑w K‑m-Ô‑n F-X‑nÀ-¯‑p. \‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c-a‑n-c‑p-
I-g‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w t‑l‑m-N‑n-a‑n- ¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n A-X‑v d-±‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. B
t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "1930I-f‑n h‑n-b-ä‑v- \‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c t‑h-f-b‑n a-l‑m-ß‑m-h‑v
\‑m-a‑n-e‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-e‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p a-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-b‑m C-´‑y-b‑n F-Ã‑m-
]‑mÀ-«‑n B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v b‑n-S-¯‑p‑w Z-f‑n-XÀ B-{‑I-a‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-
]‑mÀ-«‑n. R-§Ä-¡‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w s‑a-¶‑p t‑]-S‑n-¨‑n-«‑m-W‑v X‑m³ A-X‑nÂ
I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b a‑m-ä‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. H-¸‑n-«-X‑v F-¶‑v A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v
\‑n-§Ä F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v C‑u A-f- F-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. Z-f‑n-X-s‑â‑, l-c‑n-P-
h‑n h‑n-b-ä‑v-\‑m-a‑n h‑n-P-b‑n-¨-X‑v?" s‑â‑, A-Y-h‑m ]-«‑n-I-P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c-s‑â
t‑l‑m-N‑n-a‑n³ Z‑m-t‑a‑m-Z-c-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p-I- F-Ã‑m I-ã-\-ã-§-f‑p‑w k-¼-Z‑v-L-S-\
b‑m-W‑v: "C-´‑y-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n D-ï‑m- a‑m-d‑n-b‑mÂ‑, a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯‑w a‑m-d‑n-b‑mÂ
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-h‑n-s‑S R‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-Ã‑m-X‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑p-
K‑m-Ô‑n." Z‑m-t‑a‑m-Z-c-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n C³-dÀ- I‑mÀ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨-X‑v. F-¶‑m C-X‑v
h‑y‑q \-S-¯‑n C-X‑v t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v C-´‑y-b‑n I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-
]‑m-I‑n-Ø‑m³ t‑PÀ-W-e‑n-Ì‑m-b b-X‑v d‑m‑w a-t‑\‑m-lÀ t‑e‑m-l‑y B-b‑n-
X‑m-c‑n-J‑v A-e‑n B-W‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w t‑k‑m-j‑y-e‑n-Ì‑p‑w
B-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v t‑l‑m-N‑n-a‑n-\‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b-\‑p‑w B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-
a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v l-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p‑w A-\‑p-b‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w B-b‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-t‑¯ K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n t‑Z-i‑o-b {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n- s‑S ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e \-S-¶ B-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
s‑â \‑m-b-I Ø‑m-\-¯‑v C-c‑n-¡‑p- t‑e‑m-l‑y. ]-e I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-
t‑¼‑mÄ‑, {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑h-ï‑n b-h‑y-X‑y‑m-k‑w D-Å-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w X‑n-I-ª
t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v t‑\-X‑m-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑v I-e-l‑n- _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â G-ä-h‑p‑w C-¶‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v k‑z-´‑w
h-e‑n-b F-X‑n-c‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸- ]‑mÀ-«‑n t‑\-X‑m-h‑n-\‑v F-X‑n-c-`‑n-{‑]‑m-
«‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v t‑\-X‑m-P‑n k‑p-`‑m-j‑v N-{‑µ b-a‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n A-X‑v ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n
t‑_‑m-k‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ h-¿. A-¶-§-s‑\-b-Ã.
t‑_‑m-k‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-b _-l‑p-a‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n- H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-
c‑p-¶‑p. t‑_‑m-k‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b ¯‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w XÀ-¡‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
‑'c‑m-{‑ã-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v' F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v. G-X‑v I-e-l‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
t‑_‑m-k‑n-s‑\-b‑m-t‑W‑m t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v l‑n-µ‑p-k‑z-c‑m-P‑n {‑_‑n-«-s‑â B-b‑p-[
{‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v C-e-I‑vj-\‑n K‑m-Ô‑n i-à‑n-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑n-e-Ã‑, A-h-c‑p-s‑S I-¨-
F-X‑nÀ-¯-X‑v, \-Ã `‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w h-S-¨-c-¡‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑n-e‑m-W‑v C-´‑y A-S‑n-
I‑n-«‑n P-b‑n-s‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑m³ a-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
k-½-X‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v, B k‑p-`‑m-j‑v 1909 Â K‑m-Ô‑n F-g‑p-X‑n: "b‑q-t‑d‑m-
t‑_‑m-k‑n-s‑\ ‑'t‑\-X‑m-P‑n‑' F-¶‑p ]‑y-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S N‑n-´ t‑e‑m-I‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³
h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W‑v. B-h-i‑y‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S N-c-¡‑v h‑n-ä-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ N-´
h-¶‑m B-b‑p-[‑w F-S‑p-¡-W‑w B-¡‑n a‑m-ä-W‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v." \‑q-d‑p
F-s‑¶‑m-c‑p \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v t‑_‑m-k‑n-\‑p- s‑I‑m-Ã‑w I-g‑n-ª‑m-W‑v \-½Ä ‑'B-t‑K‑m-
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
39
f-hÂ-¡-c-W‑w‑' F-¶ h‑m-¡‑v D-]-t‑b‑m- c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-X‑v a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n-¡-ï K‑m-
Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶‑v
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v i-c‑n-b-Ã.
{‑_‑n-«-\‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m DÂ-¸-¶-§-f‑p‑w
\‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p.
A-X‑n {‑]-[‑m-\‑w h-k‑v-{‑X-§-f‑m-b‑n-
c‑p-¶‑p. A-k‑w-k‑v-I‑r-X ]-Z‑mÀ-°-§Ä
C-´‑y-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v I-b-ä‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p-
t‑]‑m-b‑n h-k‑v-{‑X-§-f‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n C-h‑n-s‑S
h‑nÂ-¡‑m³ s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑n-I-b‑m-W‑v.
K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p: " F-s‑â k‑o-X
e-¦-b‑n-e-à e-¦‑m-j-b-d‑n B-W‑v."
e-¦‑m-j-bÀ {‑_‑n-«-\‑n G-ä-h‑p-a-[‑n-
I‑w X‑p-W‑n-a‑n-Ã‑p-I-f‑p-Å Ø-e-a‑m-W‑v.
"R‑m³ c‑m-a-\‑m-W‑v. F-s‑â k‑o-X-s‑b
k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z h‑m-Z‑n-IÄ X-«‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p
t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v" F-¶À-°‑w.
h‑n-t‑Z-i h-k‑v-{‑X-§Ä I-¯‑n-¡‑m³
K‑m-Ô‑n B-l‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-s‑\
G-ä-h‑p-a-[‑n-I‑w F-X‑nÀ-¯-X‑v S‑m-t‑K‑m-
d‑m-W‑v. S‑m-t‑K‑m-d‑n-s‑\ ‑'K‑p-c‑p-t‑Z-h‑v'
F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.
B-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n s‑h-¨‑v X-s‑¶ N‑n-e
B-f‑p-IÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b ‑'a-l‑m-ß‑' F-¶‑v
h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£ S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ h‑n-f‑n-
¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-\‑v A-J‑n-e t‑e‑m-I
{‑]-i-k‑v-X‑n I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v. ‑'a-l‑m-ß³‑'
F-¶‑m-W‑v S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I. A-hÀ
X-½‑n k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-\‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\-
¯‑n-\‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑p-d-h‑p‑w C-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
\‑n-c-´-c‑w XÀ-¡‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w I-e-l‑n-
¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n
i‑m-´‑n-\‑n-t‑I-X³ k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v
I-¯-b-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v \‑n-Ê-l-I-c-W‑w \‑nÀ-t‑±-
i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑S‑mÄ-t‑Ì‑m-b‑v B-W‑v.
H-c‑p I-¯‑n A-t‑±-l‑w C-§-s‑\
F-g‑p-X‑n: " F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v C-{‑X-b‑p‑w
I‑p-d-¨‑v B-f‑p-IÄ D-Å H-c‑p c‑m-P‑y-
¯‑n-\‑v C-{‑X-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-S‑n P-\-§-f‑p-Å
H-c‑p c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ `-c‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-
X‑v F-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
K‑m-Ô‑n‑, F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v
A-h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-Ê-l-I-c‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑m?"
A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v, K‑m-Ô‑n ‑'\‑n-Ê-l-I-c-
W‑w‑' F-¶ k-a-c-a‑mÀ-¤‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-
¶-X‑v.
l‑n-µ‑p-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-c‑q-]-a‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n F-¶‑v B-t‑£-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-
¶‑p-ï‑v. Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n-s‑e X-s‑â
^‑m-a‑n ]-©-a P‑m-X‑n F-¶‑v h‑n-
f‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ h‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑nÂ-s‑¸-«
Z-¼-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v K‑m-Ô‑n‑, {‑]-t‑h-i-\‑w
A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑p. I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m A-X‑n-s‑â
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w40 t‑¯‑m A-§-s‑\ H-c‑p I-f‑n-¡‑m-c-\‑p- A-b‑n-¯-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p-Å G-ä-
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£ I-f‑n I-g‑n-ª‑v h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑]‑m-c‑m-«‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v
t‑]-c‑n _-l-f‑w s‑h-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n N‑m-b I‑p-S‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w D‑u-W‑p-I- K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W‑v. A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ t‑I‑m¬-
]-d-ª‑p: ‑'‑'A-hÀ C-h‑n-s‑S D-ï‑m-h‑p‑w. g‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w A-b‑mÄ a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑n- {‑K-k‑n-s‑e ]-e \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w
t‑]‑m-I-W-s‑a-¶‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n \‑o t‑]‑m-t‑I- ¡-W‑w. \‑n-§Ä P‑m-X‑n-b‑p‑w a-X-h‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑n-i‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n F-X‑nÀ-¯‑p-s‑I‑m-
ï‑n-h-c‑p‑w." s‑I‑m-ï‑v I-f‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v, _‑m-\‑p-h‑n-s‑\ ï‑v t‑e-J-\-§Ä F-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
I‑y‑m-]‑v-ä-\‑m-¡-W‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n C-X‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨ K‑m-Ô‑n h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨-X‑v
1915Â K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n C-´‑y-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v ]-d-ª‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡- A-b‑n-¯-P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v A-\‑p-`‑m-h-
a-S-§‑n h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑_‑m‑w-s‑_-b‑n b‑n H-c‑p ^‑p-S‑v-t‑_‑mÄ S‑o‑w D-ï‑m-¡‑n. a‑p-Å G-t‑X‑m {‑_‑m-Ò-W-\‑m-W‑v C-X‑v
{‑I‑n-¡-ä‑v I-f‑n-b‑p-ï‑v. ]-t‑£ S‑o-a‑p-I- ]‑m-Ê‑o-h‑v s‑d-k‑n-t‑Ì-g‑v-k‑v F-¶‑m-W- F-g‑p-X‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v. A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-
f‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v l‑n-µ‑p‑, a‑p-É‑n‑w‑, ]‑mÀ-k‑n‑, X‑n-\‑v t‑]-c‑n-«-X‑v. A-X‑m-b-X‑v k-l-\- I-s‑d t‑\-c‑n-«‑v I-ï-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n
s‑s‑P³‑, {‑_‑n-«‑o-t‑j-k‑v F-¶‑n-§-s‑\- k-a-c‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S-\‑n-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n C-X‑p-]-d-ª‑v £-a t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
b‑m-W‑v. l‑n-µ‑p S‑o-a‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w \-Ã k-X‑y-{‑K-l‑w I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "X‑m-¦-f‑p-s‑S t‑e-J-\-
I-f‑n-¡‑m-c³ t‑_‑m-fÀ _‑m-\‑p F-¶ §-f‑p-s‑S ^-e‑w a‑m-X‑r-`‑q-a‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑z‑m-
A-b‑n-¯-P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c-\‑m-W‑v. {‑I‑n-¡-ä‑v X-{‑´‑y‑w s‑s‑h-I‑n-¡-e‑m-W‑v." A-t‑¸‑mÄ
I-f‑n-b‑n A-¡‑m-e-t‑¯‑m ]‑nÂ-¡‑m-e- A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ ]-d-ª‑p: "K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n‑,
s‑F l‑m-h‑v t‑\‑m a-ZÀ-e‑m³-U‑v." i-c‑n-
b‑m-W‑v, h-g‑n-\-S-¡‑m³ k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑n-
Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p P-\-X-b‑v-¡‑v a-s‑ä-´‑m-W‑v
]-d-b‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-I? a-lÀ F-¶‑m-W‑v
A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-I-d‑p-s‑S P‑m-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v.
B h‑n-`‑m-K-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v ]-IÂ ]‑p-d-¯‑n-
d-§‑m³ h-¿ ; A-h-c‑p-s‑S \‑n-gÂ
`‑q-a‑n-b‑n h‑o-W‑m A-h‑n-S‑w A-i‑p-
²-a‑m-I‑p‑w. `‑q-a‑n-b‑n X‑p-¸Â h‑o-g‑m³
]‑m-S‑n-Ã; `‑q-a‑n A-i‑p-²-a‑m-I‑p‑w. X‑p-¸‑m³
I-g‑p-¯‑n N‑n-c-« s‑I-«‑n-¯‑q-¡-W‑w.
c‑m-{‑X‑n \‑n-e‑m-h-¯‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a ]‑p-d-¯‑n-
d-§‑m³ k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑p-Å‑q. s‑h-Å‑w
s‑X‑m-S‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w ]‑m-S‑n-Ã." 1920-I-f‑p-
s‑S H-S‑p-h‑n B-b‑n-c-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v
B-f‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ
s‑]‑m-X‑p I‑p-f-¯‑n-s‑e s‑h-Å‑w s‑X‑m-«-X‑v
\-½‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\-k‑w-`-
h-a‑m-W‑v.
A-X‑p t‑I-«-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v P‑m-X‑n-s‑b‑,
hÀ-®-s‑¯ h‑n-i-I-e-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-
X‑n X-\‑n-¡‑v ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n-
«‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-
¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑n-\À-°‑w K‑m-Ô‑n
P‑m-X‑n-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-W‑v F-¶-Ã.
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c t‑\-c-s‑¯ X-s‑¶-
b‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑n-aÀ-i-\‑w‑, `-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-
K‑n-s‑\ c-£‑n-¨‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑m-W‑v. ]‑mÀ-e-
s‑a³-d‑n t‑_‑m‑w-s‑_-d‑n-ª-X‑n-\‑m-W‑v
`-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑\ X‑q-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-Ã‑m³
h‑n-[‑n-¨-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-CÀ-h‑n³ k-Ô‑n-
b‑n C-s‑X‑m-c‑p I-ï‑o-j³ B-b‑n
s‑h-¨‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n `-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑\
X‑q-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-Ã‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã F-¶‑v
h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ B-f‑p-IÄ A-¶‑p‑w
C-¶‑p‑w D-ï‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n t‑e‑m-U‑v CÀ-
h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v `-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑â X‑q-¡‑n-
s‑¡‑m-ÃÂ \‑o-«‑n s‑h-b‑v-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑p
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. H-c‑p L-«-¯‑n ‑'X‑q-¡‑n-
s‑¡‑m-Ã‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑mÂ
41
s‑I‑m-Å‑m‑w‑' F-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. 1920-I-f‑p-s‑S c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
`-K-X‑v k‑n-§‑n-s‑\ X‑q-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-¶-X‑n- H-S‑p-h‑n B-b‑n-c-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v
s‑â A-S‑p-¯ B-g‑v-N‑, e‑m-t‑l‑m-d‑n-s‑e
H-c‑p a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑n {‑]-k‑w-K‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B-f‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n
`-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑â [‑o-c-X-s‑b-¸- A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ s‑]‑m-X‑p
ä‑n‑, a‑m-X‑r-c‑m-P‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n‑, I‑p-f-¯‑n-s‑e s‑h-Å‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n ]‑p-I-g‑v-¯‑n-¸-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. s‑X‑m-«-X‑v \-½‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-
]-t‑£ `-K-X‑v k‑n‑w-K‑n-s‑â h-g‑n i-c‑n- s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\-k‑w-`-h-a‑m-W‑v.
b-Ã F-¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p. A-¶‑v A-X‑v A-X‑p t‑I-«-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v
]-d-b‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v s‑s‑[-c‑y-a‑p-ï‑m- P‑m-X‑n-s‑b‑, hÀ-®-s‑¯
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p I‑q-«‑w s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑mÀ h‑n-i-I-e-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑nÂ
I-d‑p-¯ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b
{‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ ‑ X-\‑n-¡‑v ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n
"A-hÀ h-c-s‑«‑, ]-d-b‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v
]-d-b-s‑«‑' F-¶‑p-]-d-ª‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
k‑n-s‑\ X-S-ª B-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n.
A-X‑n-\À-°‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S D-Å‑n-e‑p-Å H-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n P‑m-X‑n-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-W‑v
{‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« B-f‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v t‑b-i‑p-
{‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p F-¶‑m-W‑v. ‑'h‑m-s‑f-S‑p-¯-h³ F-¶-Ã.
h‑m-f‑m \-i‑n-¡‑p‑w‑' F-¶‑v {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v X-s‑¶ c-£‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n k-½‑m-\-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã. H-c‑p {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-¸-
i‑n-j‑y³ a-l‑m-]‑p-t‑c‑m-l‑n-X-s‑â ]-c‑n- ]-I-c‑w C-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ t‑e-e‑w s‑N-b‑v- e‑n s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶ k‑m-[-\-§-f‑p-s‑S
N‑m-c-I-s‑\ s‑h-«‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v. h-Õ-e X‑v, C-h‑n-S-s‑¯ C-´‑y³ k-a‑q-l-¯‑n- I‑q-«-¯‑n ]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c-t‑¯‑m-f‑w
i‑n-j‑y³ N‑p‑w-_-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v H-ä‑n-s‑¡‑m- \‑v t‑h-ï‑n H-c‑p {‑S-Ì‑v Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑n-«‑v ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑d‑m-a‑n-s‑e ]-«‑m-f-¡‑mÀ A-S‑p-¯ a‑m-k‑w a‑m-{‑X-t‑a t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p- F-¶-X‑v N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v.
A-d-Ì‑v s‑N-¿‑m³ h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p- Å‑q.‑'‑' ]-t‑£ H-c‑p A-]-I-S‑w ]-ä‑n.
t‑¼‑mÄ a-l‑m-]‑p-t‑c‑m-l‑n-X-\‑p‑w ]-c‑n- I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m-¡‑v H-c‑mÄ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯ H-c‑n-¡Â I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_-t‑b‑m-S‑v D-¸‑p
N‑m-c-I-c‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-ï‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑zÀ-W-a‑m-e t‑e-e‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ I-k‑v- I-g‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑X-¶‑v t‑U‑m-ÎÀ \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑n-
h‑m-s‑f-S‑p-¯‑v i‑n-j‑y³ s‑h-«‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ X‑qÀ-_‑m s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑n-Ã. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ¨‑p. D-¸‑n-S‑m-s‑X s‑N-d‑p-]-bÀ I-g‑n-¡‑m³
{‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p ]-d-ª‑p: " \‑n-s‑â h‑mÄ t‑\-c‑n-«‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-s‑c ]-d-ª-b-¨‑p‑w A-hÀ I‑q-«‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-Ã. K‑m-Ô‑n ]-e-{‑]‑m-
D-d-b‑n C-S‑p-I. h‑m-s‑f-S‑p-¯-h³ I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m-b‑p-s‑S ]‑n-S‑n-h‑m-i‑n a‑m- h-i‑y‑w B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑v
h‑m-f‑m \-i‑n-¡‑p‑w." C‑u AÀ-°- ä‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨‑p. a-¡-f‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-Ã. D-¸‑n-S‑m-¯ s‑N-d‑p-]-bÀ
¯‑n ]-d-ª‑m {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y‑m-\‑n-b‑m- h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ H-c‑p X-c‑n s‑]‑m-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-§Ä I-g‑n-¡‑p-t‑a‑m F-¶ a-d‑p-t‑N‑m-Z‑y-
W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w J‑pÀ-B-\‑p‑w C‑u h‑o-«‑n t‑h-t‑ï F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑m-W‑v A-hÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-
s‑s‑_-_‑n-f‑p‑w K‑o-X-b‑p‑w H-s‑¡ I‑r-X‑y- I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m-b‑p-s‑S t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n ¨-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n s‑R-«‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n. X-\‑n-
a‑m-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m³ C-´‑y³ H-¸‑o-\‑n-b-\‑n I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_ ¡‑v [‑mÀ-a‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_-s‑b
k‑u-I-c‑y‑w I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n G-g‑p-h-«‑w s‑¡-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n F-U‑n-t‑ä‑m-d‑n-b F-g‑p- \‑nÀ-_-Ô‑n-¡‑m³ A-h-I‑m-i-a‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v
P-b‑n-e‑n t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X‑n. I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m I-c-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n
a‑m-k-§-f‑p‑w s‑I‑m-Ã-§-f‑p‑w P-b‑n-e‑n B a‑m-e K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. ]-d-ª‑p: ‑'C-\‑n R‑m³ D-¸‑v I-g‑n-¡‑n-Ã.‑'
B-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ k‑p-J-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-X‑p I‑q-S‑n t‑NÀ-¯‑v t‑e-e‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_-b‑p‑w s‑R-«‑n. C-X‑n-l‑m-k
s‑\-l‑v-d‑p h-e‑n-b F-g‑p-¯‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b- {‑S-Ì‑v c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑n-\‑p-t‑i-j- I-Y‑m-]‑m-{‑X-§Ä i-]-Y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v
X‑p‑w P-b‑n-e‑n t‑]‑m-b-X‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v. a‑m-W‑v \‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-X‑v. s‑]‑m-X‑p- t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S i-]-Y-
P-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e s‑s‑e-{‑_-d‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w D-]-t‑b‑m- {‑]-hÀ-¯-IÀ h-e‑p-t‑X‑m s‑N-d‑p-t‑X‑m h‑p‑w. 18 hÀ-j‑w K‑m-Ô‑n D-¸‑v I-g‑n-¨‑n-Ã.
K‑n-¨‑v t‑I-h-e‑w A-©‑v a‑m-k‑w s‑I‑m- B-b k-½‑m-\-§Ä k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑m D-¸‑v k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l t‑h-f-b‑n-e‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n
ï‑m-W‑v s‑\-l‑v-d‑p c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â I-Y F-¶-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b D-¸‑p I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶ t‑U‑m-ÎÀ-
F-g‑p-X‑n-b-X‑v. A-X‑m-W‑v U‑n-k‑v-I-h-d‑n a‑mÀ a-c‑p-¶‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑n³-s‑d
H‑m-^‑v C³-U‑y.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v F-Ã‑m‑w D-t‑]-£‑n-¨‑v C-´‑y-b‑n-t‑e-
¡‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B-f‑p-IÄ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v
k-½‑m-\-§Ä s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n
H-s‑¡-b‑p‑w c-ï‑p s‑s‑I-b‑p‑w \‑o-«‑n k‑z‑o-
I-c‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-
b‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b C-´‑y³ H-¸‑o-\‑n-b³
F-¶ ]-{‑X-¯‑n ]‑n-t‑ä-Z‑n-h-k‑w H-c‑p
{‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p: " R‑m-\‑o
42
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w i-c‑o-c-¯‑n D-¸‑v I‑p-¯‑n-h-b‑v-¡‑p- c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w F-Ã‑m
I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. N-c‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w b‑p-²-h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-s‑â I-Y-
F-Ã‑m `-c-W-h‑p‑w I-f‑m-W‑v. a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑w-i-¯‑n-s‑â c‑o-X‑n
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n {‑I‑n-]-ä‑v-k‑v Z‑u-X‑y-k‑w-L-t‑¯‑m-S‑v k-a‑m-[‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
F-´‑m-W‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v F-¶ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. l‑n‑w-k B-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-
I-¨-h-S-a‑m-W‑v. I‑m-c‑y‑w A-_‑pÂ-¡-e‑m‑w B-k‑m-Z‑p‑w ¦‑n a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑w-i‑w _‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-ï‑m-
\-a‑p-¡-h-s‑c ]-t‑«-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑n-s‑S I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-Ã‑m {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑p‑w
t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡-W‑w‑' B-{‑i-a-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v H-c‑mÄ h-¶‑v, ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ B-b‑p-[‑w h-Ã-X‑p-
F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. ‑'B B-«‑n³-I‑p-«‑n ]-c‑n-¡‑p-]-ä‑n-b s‑s‑I a‑p-t‑ï‑m? D-s‑ï-¦‑n A-X‑v F-S‑p-
`-c-W-¯‑n A-Z‑m-\‑n-b‑p‑w h-¨‑p s‑I-«‑m³ k-½-X‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, ¡‑m³ X‑m³ ]-d-t‑ª-s‑\. \-a‑p-¡‑v
A‑w-_‑m-\‑n-b‑p‑w D-s‑ï-¦‑n _‑m-¸‑p h-t‑¶ ]-ä‑q‑' F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. H-ä-h-g‑n-t‑b D-Å‑q A-X‑v A-l‑n‑w-k-b‑p-
A-h-c‑p-s‑S DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-t‑«-e‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w B-k‑m-Z‑n- t‑S-X‑m-W‑v; k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-t‑â-X‑m-W‑v.
\-½Ä h‑m-§‑n-à F-¶‑v t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w \‑n-§Ä ]-¯‑p a‑n-\‑n-ä‑v £-a‑n-
X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑m \-a‑p-¡- ¡-W‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« H-c‑p Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n ‑'I‑q-e‑n-IÄ‑'
h-s‑c t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶‑v ]-W‑n s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v C-´‑y-¡‑m-s‑c h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-
h-f-s‑c e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b C-d-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. t‑I‑m-S‑n-¡-W-¡‑m-b ¶-X‑v. A-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\‑w K‑m-Ô‑n
b‑p-à‑n-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e X-s‑¶- G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. k-a-c-§Ä \-S-¯‑n.
I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p X-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. b‑m-W‑v H-c‑p B-«‑n³-I‑p-«‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-e-X‑p H-c‑p L-«-¯‑n k-a‑m-[‑m-\ NÀ-¨-¡‑m-
s‑s‑I-b‑p-s‑S t‑h-Z-\-b‑p‑w F-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n- b‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n s‑s‑I-
e‑m-¡‑n-b B-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n. ¡‑q-e‑n h‑m-§‑n F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑v H-c‑p
C-´‑y-¡‑m-c³ h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p I-Ã‑p-a‑m-b‑n
H-c‑p k‑v-I‑q-f‑n s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b B-{‑I-a‑n-¨‑p. X-e-s‑]‑m-«‑n
s‑]¬ I‑p-«‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: t‑N‑m-c-h‑mÀ-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n t‑_‑m-[-c-l‑n-X-
\‑m-b‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑nÂ
‑'‑'_‑m-¸‑p F-´‑m-W‑v I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w C-S‑m- s‑h-¨‑m-W‑v B-Z‑y-s‑¯ s‑]‑m-X‑p {‑]-k‑w-
¯-X‑v?‑'‑' K‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-t‑h-I‑m-\-µ³
N‑n-¡‑m-t‑K‑m-b‑n {‑]-k‑w-K‑n-¡‑p-¶
‑'‑'F-\‑n-¡‑v I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w C-Ã." K‑m-Ô‑n A-t‑X-hÀ-j‑w. 1893Â. B {‑]-k‑w-K-
]-d-ª‑p. ¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "\-½‑p-s‑S
I‑q-«-¯‑n l‑n-µ‑p-¡-f‑p-ï‑v, a‑p-É‑o-§-
"R‑m³ H-c‑p I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w X-c-s‑«?‑'‑' f‑p-ï‑v, {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y‑m-\‑n-I-f‑p-ï‑v, ]‑m-g‑v-k‑n-
I‑p-«‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. I-f‑p-ï‑v, _‑u-²-·‑m-c‑p-ï‑v, s‑s‑P-\-
·‑m-c‑p-ï‑v. ]-t‑£ C-´‑y-¡‑mÀ F-¶
K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e 48 \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v \‑m‑w C-h‑n-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-
t‑I‑m-S‑n B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w C-Ã. c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v."C-´‑y F-¶ H-c‑p h‑n-N‑m-c‑w
48 t‑I‑m-S‑n I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w X-c‑m-s‑a-¦‑n A-Y-h‑m h‑n-I‑m-c‑w A-t‑¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-
R‑m³ C-S‑m‑w.‑'‑' ¡‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ‑'F-Ã‑m `-c-W-h‑p‑w
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n I-¨-h-S-a‑m-W‑v.
k‑w-k‑v-I‑r-X‑w A-d‑n-b‑m-¯ K‑m-Ô‑n \-a‑p-¡-h-s‑c t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡-W‑w‑' F-¶‑m-
\‑m-e‑v-]-X‑p hÀ-j‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. `-c-W-¯‑nÂ
`-K-h-X‑v-K‑o-X-b‑v-¡‑v ‑'A-\‑m-k-à‑n- A-Z‑m-\‑n-b‑p‑w A‑w-_‑m-\‑n-b‑p‑w D-s‑ï-
t‑b‑m-K‑w‑' F-¶ {‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m- ¦‑n A-h-c‑p-s‑S DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä \-½Ä
\‑w c-N‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. I‑p-c‑p-t‑£-{‑X-`‑q-a‑n h‑m-§‑n-à F-¶‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑m \-a‑p-
F-¶-X‑v a-\‑p-j‑y a-\-Ê‑m-W‑v F-¶‑p‑w ¡-h-s‑c t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶‑v h-f-s‑c
AÀ-P‑p-\³ \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑m- e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b b‑p-à‑n-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
W‑v F-¶‑p‑w I‑r-j‑v-W³ \‑n-§-s‑S I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p X-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v.
{‑]-Ú-b‑m-W‑v, X-t‑â-S-a‑m-W‑v, t‑X-c‑n-
s‑â I‑p-X‑n-c-IÄ ]-t‑©-{‑µ‑n-b-§Ä s‑h-Å-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑p-Å k-a-c‑w
B-W‑v F-¶‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n A-h-c‑n s‑h-d‑p-¸‑v D-ï‑m-¡‑p‑w F-¶‑v
h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑v. A-¸‑p-d-¯‑v A-Ñ- S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n
\‑p‑w A-½‑m-h-\‑p‑w a‑p-¯-È-\‑p‑w H-s‑¡ ]-d-ª-X‑v "K‑p-c‑p-t‑Z-h‑v, F-\‑n-¡‑v A-h-
D-ï‑m-I‑m‑w A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡-ï. t‑c‑m-S‑v b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p s‑h-d‑p-¸‑p-a‑n-Ã. H-c‑p
\-a‑p-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ b‑p-²‑w s‑N-¿-W‑w. C‑w-¥‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c-t‑\-b‑p‑w R‑m³ s‑h-
\‑o F-g‑p-t‑¶Â-¡‑p-I‑, A-¼-b-¡‑p-I‑, d‑p-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£ C-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑v
b‑p-²‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I‑, C‑u a‑u-V‑y‑w D-t‑]- A-k‑w-k‑v-I‑r-X-h-k‑v-X‑p-¡Ä s‑I‑m-ï‑p-
£‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶‑v t‑XÀ-¯-«‑n t‑a‑m- t‑]‑m-b‑n D-X‑v-]-¶-§-f‑m-¡‑n C-h‑n-s‑S h‑n-
l‑m-e-k‑y-s‑¸-«‑v h‑o-W AÀ-P‑p-\-s‑\ ä-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n s‑X-ä‑m-W‑v. C-X‑m-W‑v
D-t‑¯-P‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n B-¡‑p-¶ \-½Ä \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v, C-X‑n-s‑â
t‑X-c‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b I‑r-j‑v-W-s‑\-¸-ä‑n-b‑m-W‑v
A-l‑n‑w-k‑m a‑qÀ-¯‑n F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w
]-d-b‑p-¶ H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯
H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑w k-´‑p-ã c‑m-{‑ã-a‑m-b‑n-
43
{‑]-X‑n-c‑q-]-a‑m-b‑n h-k‑v-{‑X‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
I-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p."
D-X‑v-]-¶-§Ä \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I‑,
\‑n-I‑p-X‑n \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¡‑p-I‑, \‑n-Ê-l-I-c‑n-
¡‑p-I F-¶‑n-§-s‑\-b‑p-Å K‑m-Ô‑n-b³
a‑mÀ-¤-§Ä h-f-s‑c i-à-a‑m-b k-a-
c-c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p D-Z‑m-l-c-W‑w :
s‑I‑m-¡-t‑¡‑m-f I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m-s‑X C-f-\‑oÀ
I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m³ \-½Ä X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑mÂ
C-h‑n-s‑S t‑X-§ I‑r-j‑n-¡‑mÀ c-£-s‑¸-
S‑p‑w. ]-t‑£ \-½Ä A-X‑v s‑N-¿‑n-Ã.
k‑n-\‑n-a-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ F-Ã‑m‑w k-l‑n-
¡‑p-¶-hÀ B-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b-
·‑m-s‑c N‑n-{‑X‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n
]-d-ª‑p: ‑'‑'`‑o-c‑p-X‑z-t‑a‑m l‑n‑w-k-t‑b‑m
G-X‑m-W‑v t‑h-ï-X‑v F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑mÂ
l‑n‑w-k a-X‑n-s‑b-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p‑w.
I‑m-c-W‑w `‑o-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â B-b‑p-[-a-Ã
A-l‑n‑w-k. A-X‑v [‑o-c-s‑â B-b‑p-[-
a‑m-W‑v." K‑m-Ô‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v A-t‑±-l-
¯‑n-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w h‑n-e-]‑n-S‑n-¨
H-¶‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n B P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯ k-X‑y-
{‑K-l-¯‑n-\‑v a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
‑'l‑n-µ‑p-¡-f‑p‑w a‑p-É‑o-§-f‑p‑w ]-c-k‑v-
]-c‑w b‑p-²‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ
R‑m-\‑n-h‑n-s‑S ]-«‑n-W‑n-I‑n-S-¶‑v a-c‑n-¡‑p‑w‑'
F-¶-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p. ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w
\‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c‑w h‑n-P-b‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑n-\‑v
I‑m-c-W-h‑p-a-X‑m-W‑v. \‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c‑w
I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶-h-\‑v A-X‑n-\‑v
AÀ-l-X-b‑p-t‑ï‑m F-¶‑v N‑n-´‑n-¡-W‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b B-d‑p s‑I‑m-Ã‑w X-S-h‑n-\‑v
i‑n-£‑n-¨ P-U‑v-P‑v X-s‑â h‑n-[‑n-\‑y‑m-b-
¯‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v, K-h¬-s‑a³-
d‑n-s‑â G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑n-\‑mÂ
A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑n-«-b-¨‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ
G-ä-h‑p‑w k-t‑´‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-¶ BÄ
X‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v. P-U‑v-P‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v C‑u I‑p-ä-§Ä
I‑p-ä-§-f‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v A-d‑n-ª‑p-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ
X-\‑n-¡‑v ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n i‑n-£ \Â-I-W‑w
F-¶‑m-W‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w \‑n-b-a‑w ]T‑n-¨
B-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n. h‑n-N‑m-c-W-b‑v-¡‑m-b‑n
K‑m-Ô‑n t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ
P-U‑v-P‑n A-S-¡‑w F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-g‑p-
t‑¶-ä‑p \‑nÂ-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. t‑I‑m-S-X‑n
A-§-s‑\ H-c‑p I‑p-ä-h‑m-f‑n-b‑p-s‑S
a‑p-¼‑n F-g‑p-t‑¶-ä‑v \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p.
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w44
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S
s‑s‑k-\‑n-I
i-à‑n-¡‑p- a‑p-¶‑n-e-Ã‑,
A-h-c‑p-s‑S N-c-¡‑n-\‑p
a‑p-¶‑n-e‑m-W‑v \-½Ä
A-S‑n-a-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-¶-X‑p-
t‑]‑m-s‑e A-h-c‑p-s‑S b-{‑´-
§-f‑p-s‑S a‑p-¶‑n \-½Ä
F-§-s‑\ A-S‑n-a-s‑¸-S‑p‑w
F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p
\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑p a‑p-t‑¶ ]-d-ª‑p.
45
s‑h-d‑p-¸‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-[‑z‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I ]-X‑n-h‑m-W‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-h‑p-a‑n-à F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n t‑I‑m-S-X‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p : "\‑n-§Ä-¡‑v
F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X‑p-S- F-´‑m-W‑v ]-W‑n?" "R‑m³ IÀ-j-I-\‑p‑w
¡-¯‑n B-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n-e‑p‑w e-ï-\‑n-e‑p‑w s‑\-b‑v-¯‑p-I‑m-c-\‑p‑w B-W‑v." ]‑n-s‑¶
K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v ]‑n-´‑p-W \Â-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F-´‑m-W‑v ]-W‑n F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑mÂ
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-t‑k‑m-f‑n-\‑n ‑'X‑q-¸‑p-I‑m-c³‑' F-¶‑m-h‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-
I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑\- s‑S a-d‑p-]-S‑n. ‑'t‑X‑m-«‑n-b‑m-W‑v ‑' F-¶‑p‑w
l‑v-d‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, K‑m-Ô‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
BÀ-F-k‑v-F-k‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w P-a‑m A-¯‑n-
s‑â-b‑p‑w I‑y‑m-¼‑n K‑m-Ô‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p- \-t‑c-{‑µ-t‑a‑m-Z‑n H-t‑c-s‑b‑m-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w
¶‑p. C-¶‑v F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n t‑X‑m-«‑n-b‑m-b‑n N‑q-e‑p-s‑a-S‑p-¯‑v C-d-§‑n.
t‑h-W‑w. c‑m-a-c‑m-P‑y‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]-t‑£ K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v A-X‑v P‑o-h‑n-X‑w
]-d-ª-X‑p‑w s‑s‑Z-h-c‑m-P‑y‑w F-¶‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-
R-§Ä ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑p‑w H-¶‑m-s‑W X‑v ‑'F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v F-s‑â
-¶‑m-W‑v P-a‑m-A-s‑¯ C-É‑m-a‑n-¡‑mÀ k-t‑µ-i‑w‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v. I-SÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n X-¸‑n-
b‑m H-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X-t‑a I‑n-«‑q : X‑y‑m-K‑w.
t‑`‑m-K‑w s‑]-c‑p-¯-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v t‑`‑m-K‑w H-«‑p-a‑n-Ã. a-ä‑m-c‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-¯-
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m- t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑â A-S‑p-t‑¯-¡‑v h-c-c‑p-
¯-X‑v. k‑p-J-h‑p‑w [-\-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n- s‑X-¶‑v I-k‑v-X‑qÀ-_‑m-t‑b‑m-S‑v A-t‑±-l‑w
b-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v. l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. X-s‑â {‑_-Ò-N-c‑y‑w
D-X‑v-]-¶-§Ä \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n- I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v.
s‑\‑m-¸‑w b-{‑´-¯‑n-\‑v A-S‑n-a-b‑m-I‑p-
¶-X‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n F-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p- H-c‑n-¡Â \‑n-c‑m-l‑m-c k-X‑y-{‑K-l‑w
ï‑v. b-{‑´-s‑¯ A-Ã b-{‑´-¯‑n-\‑v A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v H-c‑p I‑p-j‑vT-t‑c‑m-K‑n
A-S‑n-a-b‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n t‑c‑m-K‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑p-d‑n-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b
F-X‑nÀ-¯-X‑v. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-h‑n-c-e‑p-I-f‑m D-c‑p-«‑n-b `-£-W‑w
s‑s‑k-\‑n-I i-à‑n-¡‑p-a‑p-¶‑n-e-Ã‑, A-h- I-g‑n-¨‑m-W‑v. {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p-h‑n-s‑â I‑m-e-¯‑v
c‑p-s‑S N-c-¡‑n-\‑p a‑p-¶‑n-e‑m-W‑v \-½Ä I‑p-j‑vT-t‑c‑m-K‑w s‑s‑Z-h-t‑I‑m-]‑w B-b‑n-
A-S‑n-a-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-¶-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e A-h- c‑p-¶‑p. B-c‑p‑w s‑X‑m-S‑n-Ã. {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p
c‑p-s‑S b-{‑´-§-f‑p-s‑S a‑p-¶‑n \-½Ä A-h-s‑c s‑s‑I-s‑I‑m-ï‑p s‑X‑m-«‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-
F-§-s‑\ A-S‑n-a-s‑¸-S‑p‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n S‑v a-ZÀ-s‑X-t‑c-k-b‑n-e‑p‑w C-X‑v I‑m-W‑m‑w.
H-c‑p \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑p a‑p-t‑¶ ]-d-ª‑p. C-¶‑v
F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p-a-d‑n-b‑m‑w t‑^-k‑v-_‑p-¡‑n- K‑m-Ô‑n C‑u-i‑z-c-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑n-N‑m-
s‑â‑, h‑m-«‑v-k‑v-B-¸‑n-s‑â‑, s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_Â c‑n-¨ B-f‑p-I-f‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n
t‑^‑m-W‑n-s‑â-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w A-S‑n-a-b‑m- P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-s‑¡ B-{‑Ô-{‑]-t‑Z-i‑n-s‑e
b‑n \-½Ä a‑m-d‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑p-s‑h-¶‑v. H-c‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v H-c‑p t‑£-{‑X‑w
C-¶-s‑¯ a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑v I-¼‑y‑q-«-d‑p‑w ]-W‑n-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. B h‑mÀ-¯ h‑m-
a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¶ H-c‑p c‑q-]-a‑m-W‑p- b‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c K‑m-Ô‑n
Å-X‑v. s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ F-S‑p- F-U‑n-t‑ä‑m-d‑n-b F-g‑p-X‑n. B t‑£-{‑X-
¡‑m³ a-d-¶‑m C-S-s‑¯ s‑s‑I h‑o- ¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-X‑n-a F-S‑p-¯‑p-a‑m-ä‑n ]-I-c‑w
«‑n h-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-I. B s‑I-«‑n-S‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v
h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b-a‑m-b‑n X‑p-d-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-
b-{‑´-¯‑n-\‑v F-X‑n-c‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v.
F-¶-X‑v s‑h-d‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑X‑m-¶-e‑m-W‑v.
I‑m-c-W‑w a-\‑p-j‑y i-c‑o-c‑w X-s‑¶ H-c‑p k-a-{‑K‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n
b-{‑´-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w F-¶‑p-Å \‑n-e-¡‑v s‑N-d‑p-¡³ I-g‑n-
]-d-ª-X‑v. b‑p-t‑a‑m F-¶-X‑m-W‑v \-½Ä A-`‑n-a‑p-
J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w. B h-k‑v-{‑X‑w‑,
C-¶‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ B-k-à‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \-S‑p- B `-£-W‑w‑, B \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v
h‑nÂ‑, t‑`‑m-K-§-f‑p-s‑S \-S‑p-h‑nÂ‑, k‑z‑mÀ- k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-a-Ã F-¶‑v R‑m³ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-
°-¯‑n-s‑â \-S‑p-h‑n F-h‑n-s‑S-t‑b‑m ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e ]-X‑n-\‑m-
\-½‑p-s‑S k-t‑´‑m-j-§Ä t‑]‑m-b‑v-t‑¸‑m- b‑n-c‑w B-f‑p-IÄ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n \‑n-c-´-c‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑m \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v A-X‑n-s‑\
X-a‑m-i ]-d-b‑p-¶ B-f‑m-W‑v. k-t‑´‑m- s‑N-d‑p-¯‑p-t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w
j‑w [‑mÀ-a‑n-I-X D-Å H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w.
A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. i-c‑o-c‑w
s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-[‑z‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v 30.01.2017 \‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v h-¨‑v \-S-¶ a-t‑X-
A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n X-c k‑w-K-a-¯‑n F‑w.F³.I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n
\-S-¯‑n-b {‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-k-à `‑m-K‑w
apJwaqSn
\thm°m\aÃ;
]nt¶m«p \S¡emWv
Rm‑ ³ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-
A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑¯-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v C-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b \‑n-e-
t‑U‑m. ^-k K-^‑qÀ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p-Å B-f‑m-W‑v. ]‑m-s‑S-S‑p-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. C-s‑¡‑m-Ã-s‑¯
F‑w.C.-F-k‑v. a-¼‑m-S‑v H-c‑p t‑I‑m-f-P‑v F‑w.-_‑n.-_‑n.-F-k‑v. _‑m-¨‑n \‑n-¶‑v
X‑p-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑m-b‑n a‑q- a‑p-J‑w-a‑q-S‑n [-c‑n-¨‑p-h-¶ H-c‑p s‑]¬
¶‑p-t‑]-t‑c D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑q. C-¶‑v -I‑p-«‑n-s‑b R-§Ä ]‑p-d-¯‑m-¡‑n.
R-§-f‑p-s‑S Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑n H-c‑p- t‑U‑m-I‑v-S-d‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-¯‑p-t‑\‑m-¡‑n
e-£-t‑¯‑m-f‑w t‑]À ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n t‑U‑m-I‑v-SÀ B-c‑m-s‑W-¶-d‑n-t‑b-ï-
A-d‑p-]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w t‑]-c‑p‑w k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑m- X‑v t‑c‑m-K‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-h-I‑m-i-a‑m-W‑v.
W‑v. C‑u Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑n-s‑e \‑q-t‑d‑m-f‑w A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-X-s‑¶ a‑p-J‑w-a‑q-S‑n
{‑]‑n³-k‑n-¸Â-a‑m-c‑n A-¼-X‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w [-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v F‑w.-_‑n.-_‑n.-F-k‑n-\‑v
k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑m-W‑v. R-§-f‑p-s‑S s‑a-U‑n- ]T‑n-¡‑m³ h-t‑c-ï F-¶‑v R-§Ä
¡Â t‑I‑m-f-P‑n h-s‑c F-g‑p-]-X‑p \‑n-e-]‑m-s‑S-S‑p-¯‑p. A-X‑n-\‑p-t‑i-j‑w
-i-X-a‑m-\‑w k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑m-W‑v. \-S-¶ F‑w.-C.-F-k‑v. s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-
¸‑n R‑m³ \‑q-d‑p-i-X-a‑m-\‑w t‑h‑m-
a‑p-J‑w a‑q-S‑n-b‑n-«‑v a‑p-É‑n‑w k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ t‑«‑m-S‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑n
\-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\-a‑m-t‑W‑m? s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑v. A-X‑n-\À-°‑w
A-X‑v d‑n-s‑s‑h-h-e‑n-k-a‑m-W‑v A-Y-h‑m \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§Ä C-¶‑p‑w
]‑p-d-t‑I‑m-«‑v \-S-¡-e‑m-W‑v. k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v.
h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w t‑\-S‑n k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â
a‑p-¶‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, X-h-\‑q-c‑n h-¨‑p-\-S-¶ c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
t‑U‑m-I‑v-SÀ-a‑m-c‑p‑w F-©‑n-\‑o-bÀ-a‑m-c‑p‑w k-a‑m-]-\-k-t‑½-f-\-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑pÅ
s‑F.-F.-F-k‑v. H‑m-^‑o-kÀ-a‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n-s‑e t‑U‑m. ^-k K-^‑q-d‑n-s‑â
a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑p-X‑n-b-]‑p-X‑n-b {‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-k-à-`‑m-K‑w. C-X‑n-s‑â
k‑n-²‑m-´-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n a-X-t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.C.F-k‑v. t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑p-
h-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b‑w I-f‑n "a‑p-J‑w-a‑q-S‑n‑' \‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å
]‑m-S‑n-Ã‑, A-hÀ s‑]‑m-X‑p-C-S-§-f‑n X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-a‑p-ï‑m-b-X‑v.‑
C-S-s‑]-S‑m³ ]‑m-S‑n-Ã F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡
]-d-ª‑p-]-d-ªv k‑v-{‑X‑o-s‑b C-c‑p-
«‑n-e-S-¨‑p. C-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑q-t‑¶‑m \‑m-t‑e‑m
h-b-Ê‑p-Å s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f-t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w
a‑p-J‑w -a‑q-S‑n-b-W‑n-b‑n-¨‑m-W‑v
]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
F-\‑n-¡‑v t‑I-c-f kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v
s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p {‑]-X‑n-t‑j-[-a‑p-ï‑v.
d‑n-s‑s‑h-h-e‑n-k‑w F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ
l‑n-µ‑p d‑n-s‑s‑h-h-e‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n
a‑m-{‑X‑w ]-d-ª‑m t‑]‑m-c‑m. a‑p-É‑n‑w
d‑n-s‑s‑h-h-e‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b‑p‑w
\-½Ä t‑]‑m-c‑m-tS-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. a-{‑Z-k-
b‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-¨‑p-I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f-
t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w ]À-Z C-S‑p-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\-
X‑n-s‑c i-_‑v-Z-a‑p-bÀ-¯-W‑w. R‑m³
47 c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C-´‑y
A-Y-h‑m k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
I‑m-e-s‑¯ C-´‑y
Km‑ -Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C-´‑y‑, A-s‑Ã-¦‑n b‑m-W‑v c‑m-{‑ã i‑nÂ-]‑n-b‑m-b P-h-lÀ-
K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑p-Å C-´‑y e‑m s‑\-l‑v-d‑p ]-S‑p-¯‑p-bÀ-¯‑n-b
]‑n.S‑n.\‑m-kÀ F-¶-X‑v H-ä h‑m-N-I-¯‑n h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n- C-´‑y.
¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H-c-h-Ø-b‑m-W‑v.
A-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â AÀ-°-h‑p‑w kÀ-Z‑mÀ h-Ã-`‑v `‑m-b‑n ]-t‑«Â H-c‑n-
D-t‑±-i‑y-h‑p‑w ]‑qÀ-W-a‑m-I‑p‑w. ¡Â ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v, K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-c‑n-
¨‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑X-P-Ê‑n-s‑â
\-½Ä C-t‑¸‑mÄ C-¡‑m-W‑p-¶ {‑]-`‑m-h-¯‑n t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v a‑p-¸-X‑p
C-´‑y. A-Y-h‑m k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c s‑I‑m-Ã‑w I‑q-S‑n a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-s‑a-
I‑m-e-s‑¯ C-´‑y. C-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v ¶‑v. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p³-
K‑m-Ô‑n h-[-¯‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑p-Å C-´‑y. ]‑m-W‑v ]-t‑«Â A-§-s‑\ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v.
H-c‑p ]-¡‑m c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¡‑m-c-s‑â I‑m-g‑v-N-
k-X‑y-a‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S ¸‑m-S‑n A-X‑v i-c‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. A-{‑X-
a‑m-\-Z-Þ‑w. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑s‑Z-h- s‑b‑m-s‑¡-t‑b H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑v
h‑p‑w k-X‑y‑w B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v A-{‑X-s‑b‑m-s‑¡-t‑b K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑nÂ
F-s‑â s‑s‑Z-h‑w F-¶‑v a-l‑m-ß-P‑n \‑n-¶‑v D‑uÀ-P‑w k‑w-`-c‑n-¨‑p
AÀ-°-i-¦-¡‑v H-c‑p k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-a‑n- s‑h-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑q.
Ã‑m-¯ h-®‑w h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑m-W‑v.
F-¶‑mÂ‑, k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w
k-X‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-ä‑p-c-¨‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑n c-ï‑p ]-X‑n-ä‑m-s‑ï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
a‑m-{‑X-t‑a K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n F-´‑n-t‑\-b‑p‑w b‑p-s‑S k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y‑w \-½Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ
k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å‑p. -X-a-k‑v-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-a‑p- D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n C‑u c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\‑v
Å‑q. A-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑mÄ‑, k-X‑y-s‑¯ C-¶‑p-Å-X‑n-s‑â ]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w a-S-§‑v
D-c-I-Ã‑m-b‑n I‑q-s‑S-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p \-S-¶ D‑uÀ-P‑w D-ï‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
H-c‑mÄ C-Ã‑m-¯ I‑m-e‑w F-¶‑m I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b Z‑n-i‑m-t‑_‑m-[‑w
A-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c D-ï‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
-I‑m-e‑w. A-§-s‑\-b‑m-c‑mÄ C-Ã‑m-X‑m-b-
X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑p-Å C-´‑y-s‑b C-X‑n-§-s‑\ ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ c-ï‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c C-´‑y F-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m‑w. t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-f‑p-b-c‑m‑w. H-¶‑v, {‑]‑m-b‑w.
s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸-S‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, A-X‑m-b-X‑v 1948
I‑p-t‑d-¡‑m-e‑w I‑q-S‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n  h-b-k‑v F¬-]-X‑n-\-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
\-t‑½‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n -h-t‑Ã‑m‑, ]‑n-s‑¶-s‑b-§-s‑\ F-¶‑v!
C-´‑y-¡‑v C-{‑X-b‑p‑w h-fÀ-¯‑p-t‑Z‑m-j‑w
D-ï‑m-I‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑m-b-X‑v A-X‑n-\‑p-Å a-d‑p-]-S‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C-´‑y-¡‑v \‑n-c-h-[‑n X-s‑¶ ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v. 125 h-b-
h-fÀ-¯‑p-t‑Z‑m-j-§-f‑p-ï‑v. Ê‑p-h-s‑c P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ A-{‑K-l-a‑p-
s‑ï-¶‑v. N‑n-e I‑m-c‑y-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡
C-´‑y-¡‑v, K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v. A-s‑X
t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w‑, ]‑n-X‑r-X‑z‑w‑, c-£‑m-IÀ-X‑r-X‑z‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-b ¹‑m-\‑p-
F-Ã‑m‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ B-h-i‑y- ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p \-S-¶‑n-Ã.
a‑p-Å k-a-b-¯‑m-W‑v i-{‑X‑p-¡Ä A-t‑±-
l-s‑¯ C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m- c-ï‑m-a-s‑¯ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w X‑mÂ-¸-
ï‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b s‑I‑m-¶-h-s‑c c‑y-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S i-{‑X‑p-¡Ä F-¶-X‑n-\- k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w G-ä‑p-h‑m-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑,
¸‑p-d‑w c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â i-{‑X‑p-¡Ä F-¶‑v P-h-lÀ-e‑m s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑p‑w k-l
\-a‑p-¡‑v ]-d-t‑b-ï‑n h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. -{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑p‑w {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w G-ä‑p-h‑m-§‑p-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C-´‑y‑, h-fÀ- t‑¼‑mÄ‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-e-Ø‑m-\
¯‑p-t‑Z‑m-j-a‑p-Å I‑p-«‑n-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v \-K-c‑n-b‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-
h-fÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w‑, A-a‑n-X‑m-t‑h- Ã-t‑Ã‑m‑, A-X‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w X‑mÂ-]-c‑y‑w
i-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ h-fÀ-¯‑n-b I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-s‑X a‑m-d‑n \‑n-¶-X‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m.
I‑p-ª‑v F-§-s‑\ h-f-c‑p‑w? A-§-s‑\-
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