IPC_JulAug17_FOR_WEB

July/August 2017 – Volume 59 Number 4

SPECIAL FEATURE

vector management

Company Profile: ICUP 2017, New mode of action for indoor
Curtis Gilmore Birmingham UK report residual spraying

Pest control industry Arable production New oviposition mosquito trap
mergers and preparing for an
acquisitions uncertain future Integrated mosquito & vector
management
New CEPA Chairman Vineyard biosecurity
elected at AGM Climate impact of vector
Fall Armyworms borne diseases
More awards for BPCA march across Africa
Future potential of neonicotinoid
use in public health

Why Australia’s mosquitoes
are different

First new malaria insecticide for

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 30 years 177

Equipment

Insect control Bird control

Rodent control Wood Preservation

All around Pest Control

w w w. p p s - v e r t ri e b . d e

PPS GmbH Max-Eyth-Straße 13, 73269 Hochdorf - Germany, Tel: +49 7153 82535-0, Fax: +49 7153 82535-99, [email protected]

July/August 2017 Contents
Volume 59 Number 4
181 International News in Brief
Editor: David Loughlin M.Sc. DIC
[email protected] 190 Association News

ISSN 0020-8256 (Print) 190 BPCA lands fourth major award in a year
ISSN 1751-6919 (Online)
190 Amenity forum offer question and answer session at Saltex
Technical Consultants
Clive Boase, B.Sc (Hons), FRES, MAE 192 New publication on management of invasive species of mosquito
Martin Redbond, B.Sc
Terry Mabbett, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. 192 European Commission drags its heals on accelerating low risk pesticides
Graham Matthews, B.Sc., ARCS, Ph.D.,
D.Sc. 194 Glyphosate ban would cost British farmers almost £1billion a year
Rob Fryatt BSc MIoD
194 New CEPA Chairman elected at AGM
Publishing Director
Ras Patel 196 Company Profile – Curtis Gilmore
Tel: +44 (0)1628 600499
[email protected] 200 Special Feature – Vector Management
Fax: +44 (0)1628 600488
200 New mode of action chemistry for indoor residual spraying
Design: Rebecca Joynt
202 Trends of vector borne diseases in the west and likely climate impact
Publishing offices: A.M.K.M. Rao
Research Information Ltd
Grenville Court, Britwell Road, 206 New oviposition mosquito trap
Burnham, Buckinghamshire
SL1 8DF, United Kingdom 208 Working together to achieve integrated mosquito management (IMM)
Tel: +44 (0)1628 600499 Mark Beavers
Fax: +44 (0)1628 600488
[email protected] 212 Mosquito Control – Needing to implement an integrated vector
www.researchinformation.co.uk management programme
Graham Matthews
Subscription Rates:
£156 (US$312) Institutional 214 A brief history and future potential of neonicotinoid use in public health
£85 (US$170) Personal Justin McBeath
£60 (US$120) CEPA/FAOPMA Member
216 Mozzies are evolving to beat insecticides – except in Australia
© Copyright 2016. No part of this publication may Ary Hoffmann, Nancy Margaret Endersby-Harshman & Scott Ritchie
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, or used in any information storage 218 First new class of insecticide for malaria prevention in more than 30 years
or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except as follows: 220 Pest control industry owes its robust success rate to mergers and acquisitions
(1) Subscribers may reproduce, for local internal Deepak Bandal
distribution only, the highlights, topical summary
and table of contents pages unless those pages 222 International Conference on Urban Pests, ICUP2017
are sold separately; (2) Subscribers who have David Loughlin
registered with The Copyright Licensing Agency
Ltd., 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE, 228 Tackling Blackfly (Simulium spp) in Cameroon
UK or, The Copyright Clearance Center, USA and Pierre Nkot Baleguel, Pierre Didier Baleguel, Jane Nchangnwi Che & Graham Matthews
who pay the fee of US$2.00 per page per copy
fee may reproduce portions of this publication, but 230 Arable production: science and compliance – preparing for an uncertain future
not entire issues. The Copyright Clearance Center Graham Matthews
is located at 222, Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
Massachusetts 01923, USA; tel: +1 978 750 8400. 231 Scientific paper on bees gets publicity in UK and USA
Graham Matthews
No responsibility is accepted by the Publishers or
Editors for any injury and/or damage to persons 232 Fall Armyworms on march across Africa
or property as a matter of product liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or 234 Vineyard biosecurity project looks to next stage after trial
operation of any methods, products, instructions
or ideas contained in this publication. 235 Which way for western hemlock as a commercial softwood species

Advertising material is expected to conform to 236 London’s largest open space under siege from OPM
ethical standards, but inclusion in this publication
must not be construed as being any guarantee 238 International Pest Control calendar of events
of quality, value or safety, or endorsement of any
claims made by the advertiser. Cover image
For more than 30 years, adulticides recommended by the World Health Organisation
July/August 2017
Pesticides Evaluation Scheme for use in vector control for public health, have relied on
only four insecticide classes. In this issue, Bayer explains how repurposed agricultural
chemistry should play an important role in uses such as indoor residual spraying, and
when used as a combination with a second mode of action, should help preserve their
effectiveness until such time as additional options become available.

The official publication for

Confederation of European Federation of Asian &

Pest Management Oceania Pest Managers

Associations Associations
www.international-pest-control.com
179

Editorial Technical Consultants

I nnovations in vector management are like the proverbial Clive Boase runs the Pest
London bus. You wait for ages for one to come along and Management Consultancy, probably
then three appear all at once. Or so it seems, as we were the UK’s longest-running urban
compiling this issue and almost simultaneously received details pest consultancy. “I continue to be
from three of the major players in this market, BASF, Bayer and amazed by the diversity of urban
Sumitomo, who each in their own way are offering innovation pest issues. We now work with a broader range
to help combat insect vectors of disease. of projects and clients than ever before, including
pests and construction materials, poultry pest
BASF are introducing a new long-lasting insecticide-treated strategies, development of experimental pesticides,
bed bugs and the Olympics, strategies for urban
David Loughlin, Editor mosquito net (LN) based on new chemistry, chlorfenapyr, housing, invasive species risk assessments, not
International Pest forgetting training and legal work. This is a very
Control Magazine a halogenated pyrrole while Bayer and Sumitomo are dynamic sector.” www.pest-management.com
introducing new products based on neonicotinoid insecticides.
Bayer has taken the decision to develop clothianidin for vector Rob Fryatt B.Sc. held senior
positions within ICI, Zeneca and
control, in combination with deltamethrin while Sumitomo Sorex and now leads Xenex
Associates who provide advice
Chemical’s new offering for indoor residual spraying is based to agrochemical suppliers, pest
management companies and other organisations
on clothianidin alone. Our special feature this issue includes more details on these, around the globe. Rob has been a Director of the
BPCA, Director General of CEPA and chairs the
as well as commentary on the need for Integrated Mosquito Management from Mark CEN European Committee developing a common
pest management service standard. Rob is a
Beavers at Rollins and our Technical Consultant Graham Matthews. We cap this off frequent invited speaker at industry events and
has written regular opinion columns for a number
with a look at climate and vectors and the difficulty of managing blackfly in Cameroon of international industry publications.
www.xenexassociates.com
and as if that wasn’t enough, we throw in the conundrum of why mosquito resistance is
Dr Terry Mabbett is a pest,
different in Australia and a new oviposition trap. disease and weed control
specialist with forty years
In public health, we welcomed the triennial (once every three years) International of international experience
Conference on Urban Pest. On the programme were presentations on bedbugs, covering research, consultancy
cockroaches, monster invasions of millipedes, biological control of museum pests, rats and journalism in agriculture, horticulture,
and pigeon contraception. Luckily it was on my doorstep this time round so I headed up forestry, amenity, livestock and public health.
to Birmingham for three days, camera in hand and you can find my report in the public His current areas of particular interest are the
health section. protection of tropical tree crops and exotic insect
pests and plant pathogens of Britain’s native,
We had so much difficulty squeezing everything in, we have gone to 64 pages – naturalised and forest plantation trees.
so consider this your bumper summer issue – ideal for the beach (sorry southern [email protected]
hemisphere). Space however has been at a premium so the agricultural and horticultural
sectors are a tad light this issue but we will make up for that in our September issue Graham Matthews DSc., FSB.,
as we preview ABIM 2017. Should you wish to contribute your latest research on FRES. began his career in
biological control please do get in touch. Africa working on cotton pest
management before joining
Anyway, I am off to a 20-year anniversary reunion this weekend, of a group that had a Imperial College. Research and
significant impact in vector management and other early pyrethroid applications. That teaching pesticide application at Imperial and
was until the mergers and acquisitions of the 90’s saw its expert personnel disband only overseas has been interspersed with consultancies
to resurface in diverse positions of influence across the globe. If you want to hear more for international organisations, such as the World
about what happened to Wellcome Environmental Health, catch our next issue. Bank. Author of several books, he was formerly
an editor of Crop Protection. Retired in 2001 and
Enjoy your summer. now Emeritus Professor of Pest Management.
www.dropdata.net
Email David on [email protected]
Martin Redbond B.Sc. has spent
Linkedin Groups International Pest Facebook nearly forty years working in the
Control discussion forum Join us on Facebook crop protection industry where he
Short link: http://linkd.in/11H6KW8 Short link: http://on.fb.me/VQTOI9 has held various sales, marketing,
technical and regulatory
Twitter https://twitter.com/IPCmagazine Website management positions with multinational
@IPCmagazine www.international-pest-control.com companies and in contract research. He is the
author of a number of important crop protection
reports and has been editor of Crop Protection
Monthly for the past eight years.
www.crop-protection-monthly.co.uk

180 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

International News in brief

Germany: Revolutionizing the use of crop protection products USA: AP&G hires Stan Cope

Ran Maidan (left), CEO of Netafim, and Mathias Kremer, Head of Strategy and Portfolio D r. Stanton Cope Jr. is the new
Management at the Crop Science division of Bayer, kicking off the new smart irrigation approach. AP&G company’s first vice
president of products and tech-
B ayer and the Israeli company both companies are working towards nical services. The role was created
Netafim are joining forces to expanding the system and customizing to gear up for AP&G’s rollout of new
enhance the application of it to more countries, crops, pest and mosquito management products. Cope
crop protection products using a new diseases. holds a master’s degree in entomol-
approach called “DripByDrip”. Both ogy and a PhD in public health. In
water and crop protection products are „„ Findmoreinformationat:https://www. 2014, Cope was elected vice presi-
distributed throughout the fields via the youtube.com/watch?v=EqOrxDwDnxA dent of the American Mosquito Control
drip irrigation system and then deliv- Association (AMCA), served as AMCA
ered directly to the roots of the crops. EU: Syngenta and Bayer - President (2016) and currently acts as
This approach will enable farmers to mergers update past president. He is also the former
apply crop protection products in a more director of entomology and regulatory
targeted way using Netafim’s drip irri- T he $43b merger deal of services for Terminix International.
gation technology. The companies plan ChemChina with Switzerland-
to launch the system in Mexico by the based seeds and crop protection In his role as VP of technical products
end of 2017. company Syngenta has now closed. and services, Cope will take the lead
Syngenta will keep its independent on R&D and field-testing of mosquito
Bayer and Netafim have already con- operations post-acquisition. Syngenta related products. This includes the new
ducted several trials, among others on a is targeting an increase in its profit and Catchmaster Ovi-Catch, an autocidal
farm in Mexico for peppers, tomatoes, market share by acquisitions, more part- gravid oviposition (AGO) mosquito trap
melons and grapes. The test results nerships and better sales. The company and monitor developed and tested by
showed that yields increased and net will expand its funding in digital agri- the Centers for Disease Control and
revenues rose due to improved quality, culture, water-saving and CO2-saving Prevention (CDC). Additionally, Cope
and the number of applications was also technologies and yield-improving crops. will advise on all matters related to best
reduced significantly, in one trial even Syngenta also wishes to expand its practices, product training, regulatory
by 53%. The drip irrigation system footprint in China. Meanwhile Bayer matters and other technical issues across
also demonstrably reduces the use of has filed an application to the European AP&G’s range of rodent and insect pest
water with tests showing that water use Commission (EC) to secure approval management products.
efficiency is increased to up to 95% for its merger with Monsanto. The EC
compared to 40% less with traditional can now begin antitrust probe related Australia: Sexy sounds lure
flood irrigation. to the amalgamation, which will make invasive cane toads into traps
Bayer the world’s leading agrochemical
Currently, the system focuses on fruit major. The company intends to con- I nvasive cane toads are a poisonous
and vegetable producers in all arid and clude the takeover by end-2017. pest in Australia and are incredibly
semi-arid regions of the world, but toxic to anything that tries to eat
also crops like cotton, sugarcane and them, killing off native predator popula-
rice are targeted in a second wave. tions and pets alike. A female cane toad
After the joint market launch in Mexico, may lay upwards of 20,000 eggs per
clutch, so removing a single female with
eggs from the population is more effec-
tive for control than removing a sin-
gle male. Cane toads (Rhinella marina)
are invasive, and males use advertise-
ment vocalisations to attract reproduc-
tive females. Some cane toad traps use
an artificial advertisement vocalisation

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 181

International News in brief

The council’s lifestyle and community

services chairman Matthew Bourke

said the council had a comprehensive

pest management program that focused

on both animals and vegetation. “Pest

animals can threaten native wildlife,

including endangered species, and harm

family pets,” Cr Bourke said. “Council’s

pest management program is conducted

both proactively and in response to

sightings by the public. Trapping is

traditionally targeted to natural areas

including waterways, bushland and wet-

lands, as well as in parks and other pub-

lic areas where pest animals have been

seen.” Mr McCallum said trapping and

euthanising the animals was the best

way to manage the problem.

to attract toads. Researchers at Centre spun out from research on the microbi-
for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate ome and plant-bacteria interactions at „„ Source: http://bit.ly/2tZVacI
Change, James Cook University,
Townsville, Queensland, Australia, Ghent University, KU Leuven and the
determined whether variation of a call’s
parameters (volume, dominant frequen- VIB. This new alternative englobes nat- USA: Dow and DuPont
cy and pulse rate) could increase the ural biomolecules and living microor- receive antitrust clearance for
capture rate of gravid females in traps. ganisms as well as genetically-encoded proposed merger of equals.
proteins. They target pests specifically
Overall, traps equipped with loud
calls (80 dB at 1 m) caught significantly without affecting other organisms and
more toads, and proportionally more
gravid females, than traps with quiet Ddecompose faster. These advantages uPont and The Dow Chemical
calls (60 dB at 1 m), and traps with low Company have announced that
dominant frequency calls caught more are spurring the rapid growth of the they have reached a proposed
gravid females than traps with median biopesticide market, which is expected
frequency calls. Traps with high pulse to go from €3Bn in 2016 to close to agreement with the Antitrust Division
rate calls attracted more females than
traps with low pulse rate calls. Calls €8Bn by 2022. In addition to microbial of the US Department of Justice (DOJ)
that indicated large-bodied males (low
frequency) with high energy reserves biopesticides, the company also wants that will permit the companies to pro-
(high pulse rate) are often attractive to
female anurans and were effective lures to tap into biostimulants, which provide ceed with their proposed merger of
for female toads in the study.
an alternative to fertilizers to increase equals. In connection with the pro-
„„ Muller, B. J. and Schwarzkopf, L.
(2017), Success of capture of toads yields by improving nutrient and water posed agreement and consistent with
improved by manipulating acoustic
characteristics of lures. Pest. Manag. assimilation as well as increasing toler- commitments already made to obtain
Sci. doi:10.1002/ps.4629
ance to stress. The biostimulant market the European Commission’s regulatory
Belgium: new biopesticide
spin-out from Ghent is predicted to reach €2.6Bn by 2021. approval, DuPont will divest certain
University
While Europe struggles with establish- parts of its crop protection portfolio
A phea.Bio has gathered a total of
€9M in funding to start work- ing regulations for GMOs, the spin-out and Dow will divest its global Ethylene
ing on a new technology to
produce biopesticides and biostimulants could circumvent the issue by going Acrylic Acid copolymers and ionomers
for European agriculture. The technol-
ogy behind the new company has been after natural biological alternatives and business. The proposed agreement with

take a bite off two rapidly growing the DOJ, which remains subject to court

markets. approval, does not require the compa-

nies to make any additional divestitures.

Australia: Thousands of feral With this agreement, no further approv-
animals killed in bid to tackle als are required in the US for the merger
pests to close. The merger is expected to gen-
erate cost synergies of approximately

A lmost 4000 feral and wild ani- $3b and growth synergies of approxi-
mals have been captured and mately $1b. To date, Dow and DuPont
killed in Brisbane over the past have obtained clearance in many juris-

four years as Brisbane City Council dictions, including approvals in the US,

works to tackle the city’s pest problem. Europe, Brazil and China. The compa-

From July 1, 2013, to May 31, 2017, nies expect to close the merger in Aug

3975 pest animals were captured as part 2017, with the intended spin-offs to

of the council’s trapping program. Cats occur within 18 months of closing.

made up almost 80% of all captures. All

of the animals captured are euthanised.

182 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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International News in brief

NZ: Could Samurai wasp A warning on Parliament’s intranet chlorfenapyr product, an indoor residual
spray known as Sylando 240SC, is also
control stink bug? page this week said, “urgent action” in the final stages of WHO evaluation.
The efficacy of both products was dem-
is being taken to stop the infestation, onstrated during independent trials con-
ducted in Benin, Burkina Faso, Tanzania
T he brown marmorated stink bug which “did not originate” at Parliament and Ivory Coast. BASF anticipates
(BMSB) is one of the horticul- and must have been “brought in from that Interceptor G2 will be available to
ture industry’s most unwant- the outside”. The statement went on to health ministries and aid organizations
toward the end of this year.
ed pests. New Zealand Winegrowers say, ‘It is clear that the infestation did
CH: Annual biocontrol event
(NZW) is part of a horticulture and not originate on the parliamentary estate to reach 1000 attendees –
ABIM2017
viticulture industry steering group that and was brought in from outside’.
A BIM 2017 is getting closer
is partnering with the Ministry for Further checks across the estate were and the organising committee
anticipate that this year they
Primary Industries (MPI) to explore the reportedly under way. MPs have now will reach 1000 attendees, the 12th
ABIM. The programme offers very
possibility of using Trissolcus japoni- left Parliament for their summer recess informative talks again, a packed and
expanded exhibition area and many
cus, also known as the Samurai Wasp, and will not return to until September product innovations will be presented. It
is obvious that it is the premier biocon-
as a biocontrol agent should BMSB giving exterminators a chance to remove trol meeting on the planet. In order not
to miss it, visit www.abim.ch.
make its way to New Zealand. NZW the bugs. A decision on whether MPs
EU: In defence of Bacillus
Biosecurity Manager Dr Edwin Massey should depart from Westminster for a thuringiensis, the safest
microbial insecticide available
is not aiming to release the wasp but to multibillion-pound restoration could be
T he issue of Bacillus thuringien-
get approval from the Environmental made this autumn. The building could sis (Bt) and Bacillus cereus, (Bc)
residues in food is an important
Protection Authority to import it into remain empty for six years while build- one for the industry and resulted in a
very high-profile meeting in Copa and
containment for potential release as a ers restore the Grade I listed 19th Century Cogeca in March. Since then, Brian
Federicci and Ben Raymond, eminent
response tool to help counter BMSB. palace, described as a fire hazard. scientists in the area of Bt and micro-
bials, have published an open access
BMSB feeds off a wide range of plants paper which strongly defends the use of
this safe microbial in modern agricul-
and emits a long lasting, foul smelling World: WHO recommends tural production, and criticizes linking
odour when threatened, which can taint new class of insecticide for human health issues of human patho-
grape juice. The female samurai wasp malaria prevention genic strains of Bc with commercial Bt
strains. Much of the issue surrounds a
lays its eggs inside stinkbugs’ eggs and non-discriminating test used for Bc con-
tamination of food and a lack of initia-
the developing larvae destroy the host F or the first time in more than 30 tive from the food industry. Therefore,
as they eat their way out. The New years, WHO has recommended even though the identification of strains
Zealand Institute of Economic Research an insecticide-treated mosquito pathogenic to humans is a food industry
and health officials’ problem, they cur-
(NZIER) have a forecast model that net that uses a new class of insecticide rently believe the current test method
safeguards them from food contamina-
indicates that over 20 years, the Samurai for malaria prevention, according to a tion. A European Cost Action has just
started and steps are now being taken to
wasp could mitigate losses to the wine press release. The product, Interceptor investigate and propose an appropriate
method or series of methods for use by
industry caused by BMSB by approxi- G2, is based on chlorfenapyr, a chemi- the food industry that is discriminatory

mately $335 million. cal that has been used in agriculture and

UK: Government bugged urban pest control since 1995 but was
recently repurposed by researchers at

– all night debates become BASF, the Innovative Vector Control
uncomfortable. Consortium and the London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine to combat

T he London Houses of mosquitoes, the release said. The only
Parliament, which spent other insecticide class that WHO has
£103,157 combating mice, flies, recommended for long-lasting insec-

months, pigeons and gulls in the last ticide-treated bed nets is pyrethroid,

year alone is reportedly crawling with according to the release. Continual use

bedbugs. Parliamentary authorities said of it, however, increases the risk for

a pest control team was taking ‘urgent resistance. In addition to Interceptor

action’ after the parasitic insects were G2, the German-based chemical com-

spotted in Westminster. pany BASF announced that another

184 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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For enquiries email [email protected]

International News in brief

and permits the use of Bt whilst safe- Mexico: Joint Venture product, thus reducing chemical resi-
guarding against food being placed announced between Econtrol dues and managing resistance, while at
on the market with contamination of and 6SenseAI the same time, eliminating the need for
human pathogenic strains of Bc. mixing or rotating. The hybrid technol-
AJoint Venture agreement has ogy allows more farmers to adopt bio-
„„ See: http://bit.ly/2tLJSK1 been announced between logical solutions and integrate these into
Econtrol with 6SenseAI, a San their spraying programs. The product
USA: Biological Products Francisco, California based company . from STK represents a bridge between
Trade Association To Hold The JV will leverage the knowledge and the current chemical programs into a
Sustainability Symposium experience of Econtrol of the Mexican, future, where healthier fully-biological
Central and South America markets with programs will be implemented. The
T he Biological Products Industry the financial and technical strength of 6 hybrids will also introduce biological
Alliance (BPIA), a rapidly SenseAI. ‘Both companies will jointly food protection formulations to row
growing U.S.-based trade asso- work in these markets before branching crop growers who are currently less
ciation representing the biopesticides into North American and European and exposed to these products. The new
and biostimulants industries, will be Asian Markets’ said by Mr Ajay Shillon hybrids will be integrated into spraying
holding a Sustainability Symposium in President of 6SenseAI. programs where biologics are currently
Orlando, Florida on October 11, 2017, not in use. In this manner, hybrids will
for biological products manufacturers ‘For Econtrol this is a wonder- assist in the continuity of food produc-
and marketers, distributors, food proc- ful opportunity to joint efforts with tion, while helping growers to evolve
essors, growers, and service providers 6SenseAI to serve the Professional Pest toward healthier and safer solutions.
supporting agriculture, public health, Control Market, Food Safety Programs
forestry, and specialty markets such as and the Public Health and Vector „„ For more information, visit www.
home and garden, turf and ornamentals, Programs in Latin America. There stockton-ag.com.
and structural pest control. is much to do. The industry growth
and consolidation is opening new hori- Australia: Biology to
The Sustainability Symposium will zons for technology and innovation and transform lots of industries
include topics such as growing con- we want to serve these needs.’ said
sumer interest in biological products, Benjamin Gomez Managing Director of A s Dickinson Professor at
the role of biological products in inte- ECONTROL. the California Institute of
grated pest management, what exemp- Technology, Frances Arnold’s
tion from tolerance really means, and „„ For more information visit www. research focuses on protein engineer-
how to continue building credibility for econtrol.com.mx and http://cloudida.com ing by directed evolution, with varied
the biostimulants industry. applications. Prof Arnold delivered the
Israel: STK Stockton to plenary talk at the Royal Australian
“BPIA recognizes the important role speak at Chemical Industry Chemical Institute Incorporated cente-
biological products play in sustainabil- Regulations Conference in nary chemistry congress in Melbourne
ity,” said Scott Peterson, Co-chair of September in July. “Nature is the best chemist
the BPIA Meeting Planning Committee and everything in nature comes from
and Eastern Regional Sales Director G uy Elitzur, CEO of STK a process of evolution, and we should
for Certis. “Consequently, we are hold- Stockton will be a fea- learn how to use nature and evolution
ing this Sustainability Symposium on tured speaker at the upcom- to solve human problems and do new
October 11th in conjunction with our ing Chemical Industry Regulations chemistry for sustainable living,” Prof
annual Fall Meeting on October 10th Conference in Nice, France, September Arnold said. “Specially, I evolve new
at the Hyatt Regency Orlando to spread 5 – 7, 2017. His presentation, “The 4th enzymes and biological catalysts in the
the word about integrating biological ‘P’ of Sustainable Agriculture”, will laboratory to do chemistry that nature
products into sustainability goals.” kick off the Biopesticides Session on never discovered but humans did, and
September 6. The ‘3 ‘P’s’ for achiev- I make enzymes do that so we geneti-
As interest in the biological products ing sustainable agriculture are known cally design new chemistry.” One of the
sector continues to grow, attendance at as “People, Prosperity and Planet” but projects Prof Arnold has worked on is
BPIA’s meetings, conferences, work- Mr. Elitzur will introduce the 4th P as replacing pesticides with insect pherom-
shops, and symposiums is also increas- ‘Perpetuity’ or the need for ‘perpetual ones. “You can spray a few grams of
ing. BPIA anticipates its program in production of food’ in sustainable agri- bug pheromone in a field and they can’t
Orlando this fall to be its largest event culture programs. find each other, it confuses the males,
to date. and you need much less pesticides,” she
STK practices the 4th ‘P’ by launch- said. “They can make this at a much
„„ Register to attend at http://bit. ing its first ever hybrid product REGEV, lower cost than conventional chemicals.
ly/2vI7RY2 which combines plant extract biologic It’s a whole different way of looking at
formulation with chemical pesticides agriculture. You have to produce these
to create a highly effective pre-mixed

186 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017



International News in brief

molecules and chemists have a hard And Finally...US: When biocontrol goes native
time doing this at a low enough cost
to use in agriculture, so with this new P raying mantises are carnivorous insects, generally eating insects or
technique we started making these in spiders (and notoriously, their mates after mating). On occasions,
microbes, using enzymes” Prof Arnold they consume smaller vertebrates such as frogs, lizards, salamanders
said. “A lot of things we now create or snakes. Zoologists from Switzerland and the U.S. documents have now
using synthetic chemical processes one documented 12 species that preying on small birds in the wild. Aside from
day can be made in biological systems the discovery, it seems we humans have unwittingly played. Of the 147
and it’s going to be a new suite of tech- documented cases, more than 70% occurred in the U.S., where mantises grab
nology that is available to all industries. hummingbirds from feeders. Decades ago alien species of mantises like the
European mantis (Mantis religiosa) and the Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinen-
USA: Sustainability among sis) became popular for biological pest control. In theory, using insects to eat
cotton’s challenges the pests is a great idea – in practice, when non-native insects are introduced,
things can go awry. Imported mantis species now constitute a new potential
“ Our goal,” says Craig Brown, threat to hummingbirds and small passerine birds.
National Cotton Council, “ is to
convince key people who ulti- „„ For more information see The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 129(2):331-
mately send signals on what type of 344. 2017 https://doi.org/10.1676/16-100.1
fabric they want in consumer appar-
el that U.S. cotton is responsibil- Chinese praying mantis (Tenodera sinensis) with a Ruby-throated Hummingbird
ity produced and strives for continuous (Archilochus colubris) as her prey. Illinois, USA (Image: courtesy “What’s That Bug?”,
improvement. “ said Craig Brown, vice Randy Anderson).
president for producer affairs for the
National Cotton Council at the joint
annual meeting of the Mississippi Boll
Weevil Management Corporation and
the Mississippi Farm Bureau Federation
Cotton Policy Committee. Among the
industries efforts, are the continued
demonstration to the Environmental
Protection Agency that neonicotinoids
are being used responsibly by cotton
producers, and that they are not harm-
ful to pollinators when used in accord-
ance with labels. Commenting on the
Mississippi Boll Weevil Management
boll weevil eradication program, Brown
noted that the program has resulted in
elimination of the pest across the cotton
belt, except for a small area in south
Texas and across the Rio Grande River

in Mexico. A years-long program to eradicate the pest
boll weevil- that has plagued farmers for decades.
free growing
environment Complete eradication for the entire
has saved mil- cotton belt is considered within reach,
lions of dol- as soon as the boll weevil is eliminated
lars for cot- in the lower Rio Grande Valley and
ton growers across the river in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
in Mississippi
and across the „„ Source: http://www.deltafarmpress.
cotton belt as com/cotton/sustainability-other-issues-
a result of a among-cotton-s-challenges

A boll weevil-free growing environment has saved millions of
dollars for cotton growers in Mississippi and across the cotton belt
as a result of a years-long program to eradicate the pest that has
plagued farmers for decades.

188 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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Association news

BPCA lands fourth major award in a year

T he British Pest Control and Industrial Strategy. The magazine, which forms a
Association has scooped its produced in-house, was subject to a key part of the
fourth national award in less than major revamp last year and now reaches overall commu-
a year. The trade body’s Professional more than 8,000 people involved in, or nications strat-
Pest Controller (PPC) publication with an interest in, the sector. egy. We gave
picked up the Magazine of the Year prize the magazine a
at the Trade Association Forum Best Simon Forrester, chief executive of fresh lease of
Practice Awards – an event supported the BPCA, which has headquarters in life last year and
by the Department of Business, Energy Pride Park, said: “A lot of work and it’s proving to be
resources goes into our PPC magazine, successful, so to
win this award is
the icing on the
cake.”

The award,
presented to
events manager
Lauren Day at
a ceremony in
London this
week, is the
fourth national
accolade picked
up by the non-
profit BPCA in
just nine months.
Communications manager Ben Massey
was named young marketing executive
of the year by MemCom – a resource
for professional bodies – in May. Simon
was named chief executive of the year
at the Association Awards in November
while the body picked up another pres-
tigious accolade for its innovative online
training programme.

Amenity forum offer question and answer session at Saltex

T he Amenity Forum will once It will take place at 2pm on the first and disease control matters in amenity. It
again be hosting its popular day (November 1st) of SALTEX being also can appeal to a wider audience for
Question Time style Q&A event held at the NEC, Birmingham. John those just wanting to understand more
at Saltex 2017. The event is modelled Moverley says ‘We are delighted to about this important and diverse sector.
upon the BBC programme where a have been invited to once again host
panel of people drawn from the sector this popular event at SALTEX. The IOG The conference will be held on
respond to audience questions on a range are supportive members of the Amenity Thursday, October 12th, at the Pirelli
of topical issues concerning amenity Forum and this Question Time allows Stadium, Burton on Trent. The title
management. Professor John Moverley opportunity at this important national ‘Keeping Britain Moving’ has been
OBE, Independent Chairman of the event to discuss and debate key issues chosen to align with the Forum’s
Forum, will act as ‘David Dimbleby’ and surrounding amenity management’. ongoing and very successful campaign
this year’s panel includes: Jim Croxton, to communicate to the wider public the
Chief Executive Officer, BIGGA, Will A key additional date in the amenity important and essential nature of weed,
Kay, Managing Director, Languard, Mark calendar is Amenity Forum conference pest and disease management and why
Pyrah, Landscaper & Industrial Business and the programme announced this year it impacts upon every UK citizen.
Manager UK and Ireland, IICL and Tony promises to be as topical and relevant
Saunders, Area Manager & Professional as ever. This major conference has very „„ For further information go to http://
Head of Environment, JSD Rail. much become the must attend event for all www.amenityforum.co.uk/conference.
involved or having an interest in weed, pest html

190 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

PEST CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES EXHIBITION

Public Health and Pest Control

ISTANBUL

EYLÜL 28-29 SEPTEMBER 2017

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Association news

New publication on management of invasive species of
mosquito

I n the UK, mosquitoes can create a disease have changed significantly in Management of
distressing biting nuisance, which recent years, with continued outbreaks invasive species of mosquitoes
affects the well-being of residents of West Nile Virus in Europe, the spread
and can pose a major economic problem of invasive mosquitoes in Europe and the June 2017 Controlling mosq
in areas where tourism is a main source subsequent threat from dengue, chikun-
of income to the local community. As a gunya and Zika associated with imported Protecting and improving in your garde
response, the UK Chartered Institute of human cases [local dengue, chikungunya the nation’s health
Environmental Health, in conjunction outbreaks have occurred in France].
with Public Health England, has There are more than 30 species of mosquito native to the British
released their latest guidance document Enhanced mosquito surveillance is of these only bite birds and many species are con ned to speci
on invasive mosquitoes. essential, on both native and invasive types such as salt-marsh, reedbed, or wet woodland. However
mosquitoes to ensure early detection species may breed in a range of aquatic habitats in gardens, an
There is a risk that climate change of invasive mosquitoes. Also vital is these bite people and may cause a nuisance.
could make the UK more vulnerable to updated assessment of the risks posed
the problems caused by mosquitoes and by native mosquitoes, as well as an Removing any standing water in your garden can reduce the nu
there is already evidence of a resurgence enhanced surveillance system to permit mosquitoes in your garden and can help avoid nuisance biting b
of a number of serious mosquito-borne vector control ahead of an outbreak of
diseases in temperate regions of Europe mosquito-borne disease. Early detec- „„ To view the publication visit;
and the USA. Mosquito control is quick- tion and treatment of mosquitoes is
ly becoming an essential part of profes- essential. h t t p : / / w w w. c i e h . o r g / Wo r k A r e a /
sional pest management.
This 20-page publication is packed DownloadAsset.aspx?id=62524 Rain wat
Recent publications have emphasised full of useful information on Invasive buckets,
the need for preparedness in the event mosquitoes of concern: Aedes albopic- tyres, so
of an outbreak of mosquito-borne dis- tus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes aegypti, and can drain
ease. The risks posed by mosquito-borne Culex modestus.

European Commission drags its heals on accelerating Mosquitoes often breed in Water in p
risk pesticides water butts. A well fitted lid baths sho
will help to stop mosquitoes refilled ev
breeding in these containers. mosquito

low
Permanent, healthy ponds will provide
habitat for a range of predators that will
reduce mosquitoes in these habitats.

Public Health England welcomes records and mosquito samples
environmental health of cers, and people who are affected by m
like to send mosquitoes for identi cation please download the fo
[email protected]

Mosquito Watch: www.cieh.org/policy/npap_mosquito_watch

PHE information: www.gov.uk/government/publications/mosq

A fter the near unanimous vote on support the Motion for Resolution and is expected to be presented to Parliament
the Resolution on accelerating the actions demanded in it. The coming and Council in 2019 on the functioning
low risk pesticides coming to month will be important to see if the topic of regulation 1107/2009. It will only be
the market in February, the IBMA believe of accelerating low risk pesticides topic after this that, if indeed any proposals
that the European Commission should will be on the agenda and discussed in to amend the legislation, are planned to
have acted by now, but there has not the Council and if it will lead to action be proposed. However, this report could
been any concrete initiative following the executed by the Commission. indeed effect the industry greatly in the
resolution. The Association has briefed long term.
the new chair of the ENVI committee DG Sante has signed the contract
of the EP, Ms. Valean, on the need to fill for conducting the REFIT exercise on „„ For more information on REFIT
the farmers’ toolbox with biopesticides as 2 pieces of legislation that impact Plant see https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/
soon as possible. Letters were also written Protection Products (PPPs). One of these pesticides/refit_en
to the Commissioner and although in his pieces of legislation is dealing with mrls
replies he indicates that he agrees with the and has little direct impact currently on
need to have low risk pesticides, he refers the biocontrol sector. The other piece of
to the Commission’s Regulatory Fitness legislation is EC Reg. 1107/2009, the
and Performance (REFIT) programme major regulation impacting biocontrol
that is also underway. It is feared that the active substances and products. EU
Refit programme will take many years to COM have engaged a firm of consultants
conclude, if anything will happen at all. to gather data on the performance of
this legislation from various groups
The association continues to be in of stakeholders. IBMA were fortunate
contact with the EU Presidency Member to meet the consultants in a meeting
State, Estonia. The delegates preparing with other associations regulated under
the agenda for the EU Council fully 1107/2009 (ECPA and ECCA). A report

192 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

B A LT I M O R E The National
MARYLAND Pest Management
Association Presents

OCTOBER
24–27

PESTWORLD 2O17

MARK YOUR B’CONNECTED
CALENDAR!

Visit www.PestWorld2017.org
for the most up-to-date information.

B’INSPIRED

B’EDUCATED

Association news

Glyphosate ban would cost British farmers almost
£1billion a year

N ew figures released by leading ing, increased the number of crop rota- by the EU is threatening to put British
economic research house, Oxford tions possible, and led to higher yields farmers out of business. A ban would also
Economics and agriculture than other weed management options. It be really bad for the environment. We’d
specialists The Andersons Centre, in is key to the agricultural sector, without have to use bigger vehicles and do more
partnership with the Crop Protection it modern British farming as we know it ploughing which would mean greater car-
Association, show the potentially could disappear. bon emissions and less biodiversity.’
devastating impact of a ban of common
herbicides to the British economy and the The European Union routinely reviews Adding the association views, Sarah
agricultural sector. active ingredients in pesticides and mem- Mukherjee, Chief Executive, Crop
ber states could ban glyphosate by the Protection Association, commented,
A ban by the European Union on her- end of 2017, despite the overwhelming ‘The debate around the use of glypho-
bicides containing glyphosate could have majority of scientific evidence proving sate is more about politics than science.
several harmful economic consequences, glyphosate is safe (2). Glyphosate is and always has been safe,
it would: with over 40 years of robust scien-
• Lead to a reduction in farm output of ‘Our report’s findings are very clear’ tific evidence showing no risk to safety.
said Ian Mulheirn, Director of Consulting, Clearly the UK government should con-
£940 million Oxford Economics. ‘A glyphosate ban will tinue to champion a science-led approach
• Reduce tax revenues generated by negatively impact UK GDP and agricul- to decision making in Europe and vote
ture, at a time of real uncertainty for British to renew glyphosate’s licence. Failure to
agriculture and its supply chain by farmers. If glyphosate was not approved do so risks damaging the economy, the
£193 million, equivalent to the annual for use in the UK but remained available environment and the agricultural sector.’
salaries of over 7,000 nurses. in the rest of the world, this would place
• See wheat production fall by 20% domestic production at a considerable dis- References
• An EU wide ban could even push up advantage. An EU-wide ban could even
food prices. push up food prices for consumers.’ 1 http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/

Glyphosate is an active substance in Farmer Andrew Ward responded to approval_active_substances/index_en.htm
the production of herbicides (1), and has the findings ‘The report reveals what we
been safely used by the majority of British have long feared, a glyphosate ban would 2 http://www.nfuonline.com/cross-sector/
farmers for weed control over the past 40 reduce yields for some key crops and push
years. Use of glyphosate has facilitated up our costs. This could tip struggling science-and-technology/crop-protection/
faster preparation of land prior to plant- farms over the edge. Reckless politics
crop-protection-key-content/glyphosate/

glyphosate-news/glyphosate-the-indepen-

dent-evidence/

New CEPA Chairman elected at AGM

A t the CEPA General Assembly Henry went on to thank all those Henry Mott accepting his new position
in June, Henry Mott became the members of CEPA at the AGM, who had and thanking Bertrand Montmoreau, Past
newly elected CEPA Chairman. taken up the various board positions, Chairman and CEPA Member for Life, for his
In his acceptance speech, Henry acknowledging that they all lead busy contributions over the past four years. (LtR:
expressed how he was very honoured to lives and whether working in large Bertrand Montmoreau, Henry Mott).
be chosen as the next Chairman of what organisations or small, the pressures
is undoubtedly the leading pest control on time are ever present. He thanked
body in Europe and arguably the world, board members and those who regularly
to represent the industry. Although it is attend meetings, realising that giving
an unpaid role, Henry firmly believes up time to help the industry progress
that without organisations like CEPA and can directly impact on earnings. The
related associations around Europe, he average size of a PCO business has just
probably would not have a business at four staff in Europe.
all. He explained how it is not just the
associations that protect the industry and There will no doubt be many
livelihoods of those who work within it, challenges ahead but with the support
but the people who work within them. It is of the team around him, Henry believes
the countless hours put in by often unpaid CEPA are more than capable of dealing
members running meetings, organising with them and will continue to improve
events, dealing with the day to day issues the image of our industry both in Europe
that make things work, he added. and through the CEPA-NPMA alliance,
across the globe.

194 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

®

Expertise in the
Authorization Jungle

www.biogenius.de

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 195

Company Profile

Curtis Gilmore a leading global pest control products
manufacturer

Specialists in consumer and retail

supplies

Curtis Gilmore also has extensive expe-
rience in producing retail or private label
products for multi-national customers
worldwide. Both Agrisense, from its
base in South Wales and Silvandersson,
located in Knared, Sweden are long
established suppliers of insect trapping
solutions to the home and garden mar-
kets.

The Dyna-Jet L-30 is an entirely electric powered ULV generator that produces the industry’s Silvandersson
most consistently sized spray droplets not achievable by conventional nozzles.
Silvandersson Sweden AB, started in
W ith over 200 years of com- extensive product line of insect moni- 1982 as a family-owned company first
bined experience in the toring and trapping devices. run by Mr. Åke Silvandersson before
pest management indus- passing to his two sons, Kenneth and
try, few are likely to have heard of Semiochemicals are ‘message carry- Kjell. The family sold the company
Curtis Gilmore. Consider the names ing’ chemicals that are used in nature for to Venteco Plc in 2006, who had also
of their group companies howev- communication between living organ- acquired the Cyronite technology.
er, which includes B&G Equipment isms. Pheromones are the best-known (Cryonite has been spun out in the USA
Company (Georgia USA), Curtis Dyna- group of semiochemicals and operate as a separate company and is not part
Fog (Indianapolis, USA), Agrisense between individuals of the same spe- of the acquisition by Curtis Gilmore,
Industrial Monitoring Ltd (Wales, UK) cies, bringing them together for mating, although Silvandersson retain some dis-
and Silvandersson Sweden AB (Knared, feeding, swarming, etc. Whether for use tribution rights). Ownership passed to
Sweden) then the depth and breadth of in speciality environments such as food Swedish facilities management com-
the organisation becomes very appar- processing plants or museums, or in pany, Skandrenting in 2012 before join-
ent. The name originates from Curtis sensitive situations such as in residential ing Curtis Gilmore in 2016. During this
in Curtis Dyna-Fog and the G of B&G, or hospitality facilities, with the Curtis period of transition, the Silvandersson
from George Gilmore and since 2013, Gilmore catalogue in hand, profession- family members have continued to play
the company has steadily formed a als can choose from a range of effective an important role in the company and
portfolio of world leading manufactur- and specifically designed monitoring this has helped maintain a loyal and
ing expertise. Today the combined sub- and trapping solutions, whether tailor- supportive client base.
sidiaries make Curtis Gilmour, a leading made glue boars for EFK machine or
global manufacturer of speciality insect sensitive traps for bedbug detection. The company objective has always
and rodent control equipment and dis- been to supply the pest control and con-
posables and a key supplier to consumer When it comes to eliminating pests, sumer markets, with high-quality, effec-
and professional customers alike. professionals also depend on having tive and most importantly non-toxic
reliable and effective application equip- insect management products. From day
Professional Products of Choice ment at their disposal that can perform one, they set out to offer an alternative
in all situations and take demands that to, or to simplify and help reduce the
In any pest situation, professional pest daily use requires. From space spray use of chemicals to manage insect pests.
controllers need two essential elements: application, whether that be indoor for
a means to detect and identify the pest insect management in poultry, mush- Consumers are increasingly aware
and a means to reliably and effectively room, glasshouse or factory shed, or of food quality production methods.
treat them. Detection requires an ability outdoor for fly or mosquito control. The demand for food produced in an
to attract pests and a system of retaining The combined range of B&G and Curtis ecologically correct way is increasing,
and capturing them. In combining insect Dyna-Fog covers all droplet size spec- and consumer organizations throughout
attractants with speciality adhesives, tra to effectively target any insect pest the world are very concerned about the
Agrisense and Silvandersson have an target. residues of insecticides in foodstuffs,
and subsequently informing consumers
of the results. Consumers are therefore,
increasingly using alternative products
for the control of flies, insects and
roaches.

The pest control industry is also
undergoing major changes, driven by
an increased and broadened awareness

196 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

Reliable Application

Curtis Dynafog

There is a wide array of products avail-

able to pest management profession-

als, to effectively control any pest.

Applicators and professional operators

must consider what is the best applica-

tion method, to ensure the active ingre-

dient of choice is carried or deposited

to where it can have maximum effect.

Sprays and sprayers have evolved con-

siderably over the years and the cor-

rect choice of application equipment is

vital to maximise product performance.

Curtis Gilmore offers both space and

residual spray application equipment to

meet any requirement.

Agrisense and Silvandersson have developed expertise in specific technology areas Curtis Dyna-Fog specialises in space

including insect pheromones, controlled release technology, insect glues and trap design. spray equipment that deploys both cold

and hot aerosol or fog while B&G has

of the impact of products used for to USA (Suterra, 1996) before joining traditionally been the brand of choice

pest treatments. Regulators have taken Curtis Gilmore in 2016. for residual spraying equipment. The

action against some well-established The company sits among the indus- equipment can be adopted for wide

products, such as in the EU directive trial valleys of South Wales, that once range of applications. It is not just ideal

effective from 2014, which prohibits echoed to the sound of coal mines and for mosquito, other flying and crawl-

the usage of toxic chemicals if there are steel foundries. Today it is a region of ing insect control, but also bird repel-

other, more environmentally friendly, spectacular scenery, castles and good lent fogging, smoke and odour abate-

alternatives available. hospitality. Agrisense has been a major ment, heavy commercial fogging, stored

Silvandersson is convinced that more developer and manufacturer of insect crops, military and police force training,

and more markets will begin favouring pest monitoring and control products special effects and more.

toxic-free solutions and for that reason based on pheromones and other attract- Founded in 1947 in Dayton, Ohio by

the company continues to develop inno- ants for many pest markets. The com- Russell R. Curtis and his father W.H.

vative products that meet these market pany has developed expertise in spe- Curtis, and under the original name

demands. cific technology areas including insect Curtis Automotive Devices, the compa-

behaviour modifying

Agrisense chemicals, control-

Wales-based Agrisense was established led release technol-

in 1984, as Biological Control Systems ogy for volatile com-

Ltd, by University College Cardiff and pounds, insect glue

Leiner Gelatins Ltd. It has seen a vari- technology and trap

ety of owners in its 33-year history. design. Agrisense has

Expanding rapidly, in 1988, BCS was developed ways of

acquired by the newly formed joint using these naturally

venture between Phillips Petroleum and occurring chemicals

Dow Corning in the US, and the UK divi- to gain more accurate

sion, Agrisense-BCS Ltd. was formed. knowledge of pest

Combining the partners’ strengths in populations. 90% of

pheromone and controlled release tech- Agrisense products

nology, resulted in several innovations are exported to all 5

in pheromone delivery appearing in the continents for which

following years. It became a subsidiary the company has

company of Biosys, in 1993 and then received the prestig-

Thermo Trilogy Corp., in 1997, both US ious “Queen’s Award Did you know that Dyna-Fog is one of the world’s largest

companies. Ownership moved to Japan for Exports” twice. producers of Light Traps for monitoring mosquito activity?

(Mitsui group, 2001) and then back

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 197

Company Profile

ny specialized in manufacturing valves George Gilmore got together to design cation time with small (1 pint) ‘belt-
for the automotive and aircraft industry. and construct a Compressed Air Sprayer loop’ sprayers. These compact sprayers
for their senior project. With a back- are designed for precision crack and
In 1952 the company moved to ground in pest control, upon graduating, crevice applications and limited sur-
Bedford, Indiana to be closer in proxim- they saw the potential for their inven- face spraying - in locations where the
ity to its major customers. The company tion within the professional pest control standard B&G is more than is required.
began doing some development work, market and opened their first manu- The future of applications will require
using acquired Pulse-Jet Engine tech- facturing facility in Plumstead Ville, specific tools to fit the pest, the level
nology that had commercial potential. Pennsylvania. That year they manufac- of infestation, and the site and over the
tured and sold six. Today B&G occupies years B&G has demonstrated its ability
One of the first pulse-jet products a state of the art manufacturing facility to stay ahead of demand to meet market
they produced was the Dyna- Jet “Red in Atlanta, Georgia, with over 85,000 needs.
Head” miniature engine for use in sq. feet of manufacturing space.
model rocketry. The future for Curtis Gilmore
B&G is known as a manufacturer
After years of refining existing designs, of quality equipment and the company The strengths of Curtis Gilmore group
by 1954 the first commercially available distributes their equipment throughout companies come not just from the com-
pulse-jet mosquito fogger (The Curtis the world. B&G attributes their success bined expertise in their respective busi-
Junior Model) was being produced. By to innovation, design, and quality of ness areas; nor from the longevity of
1956, more than 4000 machines were construction. business relationships that is a shared
being produced each year. As a result phenomenon across all enterprises; or
of increasing demand for the machines, Over the years B&G has adapted and the staff loyalty and dedication with
Russell Curtis moved the company in innovated its equipment in line with many employees developing long and
1958 into a newly constructed 20,000 changes in application amounts, con- satisfying careers with the respective
square foot facility in Westfield, Indiana, centrations, formulations, active ingre- brands, but for the future, the global
which remains the current site for manu- dients and in delivery systems. Many of position that Curtis Gilmore occupies
facturing and the R&D Facility. these have gone unnoticed. Application presents significant opportunities for the
used to involve high volume and spray years ahead.
Reliability and longevity in use are to run off whereas now treatments
trademark qualities of the Curtis Dyna- target the harbourage. The volume of Common to all companies has been
Fog company. The Golden Eagle fogger, liquid insecticide applied indoors has the drive to develop export markets
now available in an Electric Start version dropped dramatically, and efficacy has and today Curtis Gilmore products can
has served customers successfully since increased. Part of the credit goes to the be found in all major markets. With
the 1970’s. It easily, effectively and insecticides available, and part goes to operating bases in USA and Europe,
economically dispenses oil based insec- smart application. there are considerable synergies in dis-
ticides, fungicides, germicides, disinfect- tribution that can been explored and
ants, odour control and other chemical Treatment methods have changed to developed. Customers can only benefit
products. It is positioned for those hard- match the limited volume: crack-and- from the new structure and the potential
to-reach areas indoors or outdoors, and crevice treatment has nearly replaced to grow further is limitless.
for the little as well as the large jobs such broadcast (base board) applications.
as mosquito control to combat malaria Traditional (1 gal.) tank sprayers The 200 years of combined experi-
and dengue fever. ence in pest management also places
are now sharing the appli- Curtis Gilmore in a unique position.
B&G Equipment Company These are no modern-day start-up com-
panies but have worked long and hard
In the late 1940’s, as stu-
dents in the first pest to build and establish a rich and varied
control course held at culture of innovative research and
Purdue University, Bill development. All companies have
Brehm and faced severe competition and sur-
vived and the future looks good.

„„ For more information of the
company visit www.curtisgilmour.com.

A range of B&G product includes on
right, the Versa-Fogger which is the
first gasoline powered backpack fogger.
Specially designed for pest control and
co-developed with sister company, Curtis
Dyna-Fog.

198 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017



SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

New mode of action chemistry for indoor residual spraying

The new mode of action chemistry for indoor residual spraying which represents a critical breakthrough in the fight against insecticide resistance.
Based on clothianidin, Sumitomo’s new product is designed to help combat insecticide resistance.

I nsecticide resistance is one of the mortality and reducing
major issues facing the global fight
against malaria, affecting 75% of the chances of resistance
countries with ongoing transmission of
the disease. Rotating insecticides is one developing. Field trials
of the key strategies for avoiding resist-
ance, however nearly 90% of affected have also shown the
countries are failing to do this, largely
due to a lack of choice. residual effect lasts at least

To meet this market need, Sumitomo 6 months after spraying,
Chemical have launched a new mode
of action chemistry for indoor residual even against resistant
spraying which represents a critical
breakthrough in the fight against mosquitoes.
insecticide resistance. Based on the
neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, Packaged in 150g
SumiShield® 50WG is designed to help
combat insecticide resistance. Benefiting sachets, the product is a free-
from a non-repellent formulation and
low mammalian toxicity, the product flowing, water-dispersible
is simple to use and has light-weight
packaging for easy transportation. granule or WG which can

The non-repellent properties mean be readily shipped by air or
resting mosquitoes can be exposed to
the applied formulation for longer than sea and put on the back of
many other insecticides, increasing
a bike for easy and efficient

delivery to villages. It has

low mammalian toxicity

through skin contact and is

practically non-toxic to bird Packaged in 150g sachets, the product is a free-flowing,
water-dispersible granule or WG which can be readily shipped
and aquatic life.
SumiShield 50WG is by air or sea and put on the back of a bike for easy and
currently entering the final efficient delivery to villages.

stages of the WHO Pesticide
Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES), „„ For samples and further information

following extremely encouraging results please contact: [email protected].

in extensive independent trials. or visit www.sumivector.com

200 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

ULV optimised droplet
spectrum – effective and

economical vector control

ULV AEROSOL GENERATORS Made in Germany

U5M DIN EN ISO 9001:2008
U 15 HD-M
U 40 HD-M IGEBA Geraetebau GmbH
87480 Weitnau-Germany
www.igeba.de/ulv [email protected]
www.igeba.de

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

Trends of vector borne diseases in the west and likely
climate impact

Rao, A.M.K.M.*

V ector-borne diseases are infec- temperate climate of Europe. These A female Anopheles arabiensis mosquito which
tious diseases transmitted by species are potential vectors of the is a known vector for malaria.
organisms harboring pathogens tropical diseases Dengue, Chikungunya
that cause disease in susceptible popu- and Yellow Fever. A male Cayenne Tick, Amblyomma
lations. Such diseases lead to human cajennense, a known North, Central and
deaths as well as debilities, impacting Tick South American vector of Rickettsia rickettsii,
the economics of small families. Control which is the etiologic agent of Rocky
of such disease transmitting vectors is Ticks are among the most important Mountain spotted fever (RMSF).
essential for the maintenance of health. vectors of human and animal diseas-
Mosquitoes, ticks, cockroaches, flies, es after mosquitoes caused by proto- Bites from the common bedbug Cimex
rodents, lice and bedbugs are all vectors zoa, rickettsiae, bacteria, viruses and lectularius can result in clinical manifestations;
capable of transmitting diseases (Emden helminths of vertebrates (Anon, 2017; the most common are small clusters of
and Service, 2004). Many vector-borne Thomassin, 2017). Moreover, ticks extremely pruritic, erythematous papules or
diseases are zoonoses caused by path- transmit a greater variety of infectious wheals that represent repeated feedings by a
ogens having nonhuman animals as agents than any other arthropod group. single bedbug.
their natural host. Because they are not Current rising temperatures and mild
part of the natural transmission cycle, winters offer potential for tick-borne
humans are only infected incidentally. diseases like Lyme Disease and Q Fever,
Colorado Tick Fever, Crimean Congo
Mosquito Hemorrhagic Fever, Tularemia, Tick-
Borne Relapsing Fever, Babesiosis, and
Mosquitoes have drastic effect on Tick Borne Meningoencephalitis.
human health transmitting Malaria,
Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile Fever Cockroach
and recently Zika Viral Fever (Emden
and Service, 2004). Mosquitoes thrive Cockroaches repeatedly have been rec-
in warm and wet environments, so a rise ognized as a common source of indoor
in the average temperature could make allergens (Hu, 2006). In the United
Europe and the USA more attractive States 63% homes have detectable lev-
destinations. This could then lead to els of cockroach allergens. Low-income
an increase in three diseases – Malaria, households and older homes are also
Dengue Fever and Chikungunya. among the factors frequently associ-
Climate change is predicted to permit the ated with U.S. residences having high
expansion of this species across Europe, concentrations of mouse and cockroach
including the south of the UK. Since allergens.
1990, five different tropical species of
mosquito have become adapted to the Bedbug

*Joint Director (Retired), National Institute Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius and Cimex
hemipterus) are brown and flat hemat-
of Plant Health Management, (Ministry ophagous insects that feed on humans.
They are found globally (Delauney
of Agriculture, Government of India), et al, 2011) and have in recent years
been spreading rapidly in parts North
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, America and Europe. Numerous authors
have postulated that these species could
Email: [email protected]

Cockroaches can pick up disease-causing
bacteria, on their legs and later deposit them on
foods and cause food infections or poisoning.
Periplaneta americana (Credit Alex Wild).

202 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

transmit pathogens to humans, although
consensus on their medical impact
remains limited.

Mite Annoying houseflies may spread typhoid, A Norway rat Rattus norvegicus in a Kansas
cholera, dysentery and diarrhea. They can City, Missouri corn storage bin. R. norvegicus
There are only a few mite species that carry these disease causing organisms is known to be a reservoir of bubonic plague
cause medical problems for human from garbage, sewage and fecal matter to (transmitted to man by the bite of a flea or
beings (Olkowski et al 1991). Scabies food or to a person’s hands or lips. Creative other insect), endemic typhus fever, rat bite
Mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) burrows into Commons CC0 1.0 fever, and a few other dreaded diseases.
the skin, feeds on cell liquids and lays
10-25 eggs along a horizontal burrow. Lateral view of a female body louse, Pediculus Rodent
The house dust mite (American House humanus var. corporis, as it was obtaining a
Dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farina, blood-meal from a human host. Rodents are vectors, as well as reser-
and the European House Dust Mite, voirs for several pathogens. Deer Mice
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), Sand flies such as this P. papatasi, are and Prairie Dogs are reservoir species to
found in most homes, causes allergic responsible for the spread of the vector-borne plague (Kugeler et al 2012). From a first
reactions in sensitive people. Due to parasitic disease Leishmaniasis, which is reporting in San Francisco (1900–1904)
current raise in temperatures, their pop- caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa of plague has rapidly expanded its geograph-
ulations are also on the increase. the genus Leishmania. ic range in 1926-64 and is further expand-
ing due to drought in western parts of
Lice USA. In UK, plague created an epidemic
during 1665. Some of the deadliest dis-
Louse infestation appears to become eases in history are making a comeback
more prevalent worldwide and is asso- in the UK, and plague is one among them.
ciated with a decline in social and There were 10 suspected cases of the
hygienic conditions. The Body Louse, plague at hospitals in the past five years,
Pediculus humanus, is a strict human the most recent reported between 2014
parasite, living and multiplying in cloth- and 2015, although unconfirmed. These
ing (Raoualt and Roux, 1999; Foucault reports led experts to warn and highlight
et al., 2006). Louse infestation transmits the need for extra vigilance to protect the
Relapsing Fever and is associated with public from killer conditions more com-
cold weather and a lack of hygiene. monly associated with centuries ago.

Housefly Rodents are also vectors for
Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira
The Housefly, Musca domestica, occu- bacteria (Rao, 2006). Although it is
pies human and livestock premises and transmitted by other wild and domes-
acts as a source of nuisance and annoy- tic animals, the most common animals
ance to them (Iqbal et al., 2014). They that spread the disease are rodents. It
act as carriers of disease causing agents is often transmitted by animal urine
like bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella, or by water or soil containing animal
Salmonella spp.). Current erratic rain- urine. It is rare in the UK, with less
fall patterns and inadequate garbage than 40 cases reported in England and
disposal are likely to increase the dis- Wales every year. It is prevalent in
eases of amoebic dysentery, helminthic USA with three cases reported recently.
and rickettisial infections etc including Rodents are also vectors for transmis-
bird flu. sion of Salmonellosis with typhoidal
and non-typhoidal serovars (Gal-Mor et
Sand fly

The Sand Flies (Phlebotomus &
Lutzomyia) are vectors of a small group
of flagellates Leishmania, which causes
internal visceral disfiguring and exter-
nal ulcerative diseases in humans and
dogs (Banerjee et al, 2015).

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 203

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

al, 2014). Salmonella enterica is mostly transfer also raising serious public health undertaken involving environmental
associated with human disease. Hanta issues. It is very essential in this con- organizations to develop sustainable
viral diseases also being transmitted by text, to have more technical manpower management plans to prepare for
rodents (Chandy and Mathai, 2017). in vector control. In India, efforts are a disease outbreak resulting from
under progress by Government of India to an extreme event. This information
Impact of changing climate on initiate employable skill development ori- should be shared among all stake-
ented capacity building programs in vec- holders for optimum results.
vector borne diseases tor management (Rao, 2016). Considering
the above, several actions are identified All images, unless otherwise credited, are
Most vector-borne diseases exhibit a dis- for remedial measures and presented as courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and
tinct seasonal pattern coinciding with vec- under: Prevention (CDC).
tor populations, indicating their weather
sensitivity. Rainfall, temperature, and Suggested measures to attenuate References
other weather variables affect both the Anon 2017. Tick borne diseases of United
vectors and the pathogens they transmit. the situation of growing vector
Daily maximum and minimum tempera- pSrtoafteesss–ioAnarelsf.eCreDnCce4mthaEnduiatilofno,r2H1epaplth. Care
tures affect the pathogen’s rate of multipli- problems Banerjee, D., Ghosh, S. and Ansar, W. 1915.
cation within insects, which in turn affects
the rate of salivary gland infection which 1. Clean environments to keep the vector Medical and Veterinary Entomology: The
assist in successful transmission to anoth- populations and diseases incidence good and bad flies that affect human and
er host. Similarly, insects regulate their low. The Municipal authorities should animal life. Sch J Agric Vet Sci., 2:220-239.
body temperature by taking in heat from alert the public on the need of garbage Chandy S. and Mathai D. 2017. Globally
the environment. As such, increases in and trash collection for its proper dis- emerging hantaviruses: An Overview. Indian
temperature could help them survive and posal. Unclean environments invite all J Med Microbiol. 35(2):165-175.
incubate, thereby spreading the disease- vector species. Delaunay, P.,  Blanc, V.,  Giudice, P.D.,  Levy-
causing organisms. Extremes of rainfall Bencheton, A.,  Chosidow, O.,  Marty, P
(both drought and floods) associated with 2. Based on feasibility, local authori- and  Philippe Brouqui 2011. Bedbugs and
El Niño events are linked to variability ties should undertake mosquito and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 15;
in vector incidence in different regions. rodent control activities, either at their 52(2): 200–210.
The prolonged drought in Western USA cost or with a fee. Whole community Emden, H.F and Service, M.W 2004. Pest and
led to expansion of plague incidence due based programs will yield high success vector control. Cambridge University Press,
to migration of rodent reservoirs (Deer instead of individual level, some of 349 pp.
mice). Similarly, heavy floods due to El whom will not undertake the job. Penal Foucault, C., Brouqui, P., and Raoult, D. 2006.
Nino events can spread Leptopirosis due actions of non-compliance are needed Emerging Infectious Diseases. www.cdc.
to flood water. Mite populations also will as already being done in some cities. gov/eid 12 (2), 217-23.
raise due to favourable climate impacting Gal-Mor, C., Boyle, E.C .and Grassi, G. A. 2014.
disease burden. 3. The Public Health Departments should Same species, different diseases: how and
be involved in licensing, technical why typhoidal and non-typhoidal  Salmonella
The current trend of urbanization cou- planning, implementation and in identi- enterica  serovars differ. Front Microbiol.
pled with the above stated environmental fying appropriate outsourcing agency. 2014; 5: 391.
deterioration, creates favourable habitats Hu, YH 2006. Handbook of Food Science,
for vectors to increase their populations. 4. Capacity enhancement among the pest Technology, and Engineering, Volume 2,
In the urban scenario, heavy rainfall, management professionals needs to CRC Press, 1000pp
accumulation of trash without timely dis- be developed for the management of Iqbal, W., Malik, M.F., Sarwar, M.K., Azam, Irm,
posal makes all urban pests to raise in the vectors to increase the strength of N. and Rashda, A. 2014 Role of housefly
their population. Expansion of villages the pest management industry. At the (Musca domestica, Diptera; Muscidae)
in to forest areas and industrialization in same time provisions for licensing to as a disease vector; a review. Journal of
rural areas also encourage the build-up undertake pest control activities needs Entomology and Zoology Studies 2: 159-163
of urban pests and vectors. The mosquito rationalization. Kugeler K.J., Staples J., Hinckley A., et al.
Aedes albopictus, a native of Southeast 2015. Epidemiology of Human Plague in
Asia appeared in Albania in 1979. It 5. Sensitization of health care providers the United States, 1900–2012.  Emerging
became established as a vector in most needs to be undertaken to update them Infectious Diseases. 21(1):16-22
of the USA states through human and on vector related management issues. Olkowski, W., S., Daar, and Olkowski, H. 1991.
possible bird migration. Similarly, West “Common-Sense Pest Control.” The Taunton
Nile Virus appeared in the Americas in the 6. Awareness creation needs to be devel- Press, Newtown, CT.
2000s, transported by aircraft and possi- oped among the pubic on the ill effects Rao, A.M.K.M 2006 Preventive measures
bly by virus infected birds and established of vector populations in their premises for Leptospirosis: Rodent Control. Indian
in neighbouring Mexico and Canada to facilitate voluntary participation. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 24 (4):
(Embden and Service, 2004). It is possible 325-328.
that in the context of climate variability, 7. Bio-medical research on vector spe- Rao, A.M.K.M. 2016. Current status of urban
pest/vector populations are likely to raise cies and trends in their management in pest management in India. Pestology 11
in their populations and thereby pathogen relation to changing environs, needs (12): 42-45.
encouragement and funding may be Raoult, D. and Roux, V. 1999. The body louse
provided for pro actions. as a vector of reemerging human diseases.
Clin Infect Dis.  29(4):888-911.
8. Studies on the impact of extreme Stenseth N.C., Atshabar B.B., Begon M., Belmain
weather events (such as flooding S.R., Bertherat E. Plague: Past, present, and
and drought) on the risk of infec- future.  PLoS Med. 2008 5(1): e3.
tious disease are needed to be Thomassin, C. 2017. Colorado tick fever.
Wedscape 20 March, 2017.

204 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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www.airofog.com
[email protected] Airofog USA LLC

15331 Flight Path Drive
Brooksville, Florida 34604, U.S.A.
[email protected]

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

New oviposition mosquito trap

A t the National Hardware Show
in May 2017, Stuck brands
launched a non-toxic indoor
and outdoor mosquito trap, designed to
be attractive to mosquitos using water.

“Our patented sticky screen
technology is what captures and kills
the gravid mosquito and any deposited
eggs,” says owner and president, Joseph
DiMeo. Female mosquitoes, searching
for a water source to drop their eggs
in or near, land on the sticky screen,
rendering them immobile. Male and
non-gravid females find the trap shape
and moisture content attractive as well,
but end in the same fate.

Company researchers began their
design process over three years ago to
attract Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that
carry diseases such as Zika, dengue,
chikungunya and yellow fever. “A major
goal was to design an affordable, easy-
to-use and effective trap for common
home dwellers to protect the health of

their families. With millions billions at risk of infection, our
of people affected yearly by products are combat tools for retailers,
mosquito-borne diseases and national and international mosquito
control associations and global relief
organizations,” says DiMeo.

A patented double and staggered
screen allows free flow of water

molecules from the trap opening,
the company says. Once trapped,
the screen provides blocking
to prevent insect vectors’ eggs
from dropping into the water
of the vessel reservoir below.
The application of glue on both
sides of the screen prevents
mosquitoes and their eggs from
getting beyond the surface screen.

„„ To learn more, visit www.
stuckbrands.com.

Left: The mosquito trap design is constructed of three main parts and when put
together, create an artificial oviposit site that attracts mosquitoes.

Top: The double-sided sticky screen is the element that captures and kills the
mosquitoes.

206 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 207

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

Working together to achieve integrated mosquito
management (IMM)

Mark Beavers*

An Aedes aegypti mosquito, Courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library Operations: Planning, Responding

I ntegrated Vector Management from government organizations, non- and Communicating
(IVM) is top of mind for organi- government organizations (NGOs),
zations across the globe, due to academia and pest control companies The World Health Organization
the great diversity of potential vec- alike to partner on strategies and tactics (WHO) recommends (3) enhancing risk
tors, including mosquitoes, ticks, flies, to reduce mosquito populations and communication and public outreach in
fleas and more. As an extension of disease incidence for at-risk populations. countries where there is an increased
IVM, Integrated Mosquito Management Most government entities and NGOs are presence and potential of vector-borne
(IMM) is also a top priority for gov- set up for large-scale control operations, diseases. In order to do this, organizations
ernment entities and pest control com- while most pest control companies are first need operational response plans
panies, especially with an increasing organized to address more localized that include clearly defined operational
presence and risk of mosquito-borne mosquito control operations by serving goals such as breaking disease cycles
diseases such as Zika, West Nile and one customer at a time. With both by rapidly reducing adult versus larval
malaria. While there are very few vac- groups focused on control, there is an mosquito populations; an overarching
cines to protect against such diseases, opportunity for them to work together, strategy or strategies to accomplish the
under the right conditions, these are share expertise and leverage resources agreed upon goals; and specific plans to
preventable. Organizations, focused to maximize success. achieve those goals. Beyond developing
on public health and pest management, goals, routinely revisiting and reviewing
should work more closely together on In this article, we’ll focus on strategies and plans through time will
a global and local scale to maximize mosquitoes and IMM as an example help ensure the best results. Orkin
resources and minimize and prevent of IVM by reviewing some areas for uses the AIM Method, which provides
vector-borne disease outbreaks. potential synergy between large-scale an easy acronym for remembering
initiatives usually led by governments three basic steps for developing and
There are more than 4 billion (1) and NGOs alongside more localized implementing mosquito prevention and/
people in 128 countries at risk of diseases efforts performed by privately-owned or reduction programs. It can be applied
transmitted by the Aedes aegypti pest control companies to achieve by small and large-scale operations to
mosquito alone, and half (2) the world’s optimal IMM success. These areas address outbreaks as well as routine
population is at risk for malaria, the include operations; education and control.
world’s biggest killer. Such widespread awareness; and research and product • Assess: Since every situation is
risk has resulted in an acknowledged development.
need for global and local attention different, start by evaluating current

* Managing Director of Technical Services, Rollins Inc. conditions and ask: What is the

current infrastructure and logistics?

What are the current capabilities

of the organizations that have

the responsibility of conducting

routine IMM and/or emergency

control operations? Where can (or

should) pest control companies

enhance current capabilities? From

a biological and epidemiological

perspective, are the species of

mosquitoes and their breeding sights

known? Is there adequate training

to ensure mosquito surveillance and

larval and adult control are executed

properly? This assessment should be

thorough and unbiased to develop the

most effective program.

• Implement: Once the goals, strategies

and plans from the assessment are

approved by decision makers, the

information should be communicated

to all levels of operational leaders to

ensure everyone understands their

208 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

pregnant women in areas where Zika
is a concern. This outreach, including
public education about the objectives
and tactics being used to reduce disease
risk and keeping impacted populations
up-to-date on the implemented program
itself, is paramount. People need to be
reassured a situation is being brought
under control, and they need to feel
confident about the information they
receive. Government entities, NGOs,
academia and pest control companies
can all work together to develop and
distribute these educational resources
to the public. It bears repeating that all
planning, response and communication
should take into account the value of
building and keeping trust with the
public. As a part of this, agencies need
to reinforce with the public that the
people engaged in such programs are
appropriately trained and certified and
that there is teamwork and coordination
between all parties.

IMM efforts are increasing around the world, especially as they relate to the Aees mosquitoes. Education and awareness
Here are the most common Aedes mosquitoes in the United States.
A primary goal of education and aware-
roles and the impact they will have the information they need to make ness efforts is to increase community
on reducing mosquito populations knowledge and engagement through
and disease risk. Once implemented, decisions about future operations. messaging efforts about mosquito con-
all engaged parties need to remain trol and reducing disease risk. Public
diligent to ensure all aspects of the Ideally, operational assessment, service announcements, educational
plan, including surveillance and implementation and monitoring will courses and town meetings conducted
control, public outreach, and logistics occur on a local, regional and national by local, regional or national govern-
are properly executed. level. To help guarantee all assets are ment agencies or NGOs help educate
• Monitor: Monitoring consists of brought to bear, pest control companies the public and alleviate potential con-
ongoing due diligence to ensure should be aware of their government’s cerns. While pest control companies
optimal outcomes throughout plans, and vice versa. Keeping open can and do participate in such efforts,
implementation and execution of the and active lines of communication their regular interactions with individu-
plans. Things such as reductions in is one way all organizations can als are somewhat different since they
mosquito numbers or number of new assist each other in regular and have a contractual agreement with their
cases of mosquito-borne diseases emergency situations. While planning customers. A pest control company’s
should be closely monitored to and establishing mosquito control primary mission is to improve their
ensure accurate measurements of that programs, these organizations should customers’ well-being through custom-
success can be assessed. Monitoring also assess the public’s knowledge and ized service at their location. Because
also helps detect changing conditions perception of the potential diseases in of the unique relationship a pest con-
or circumstances, so adjustments can the region. This will help organizations trol company has with each customer,
be made to ensure the program’s tailor communications to best address their increased collaboration with gov-
continued success. In addition, information gaps and other potential ernment agencies and NGOs has the
monitoring helps identify areas concerns. potential to create more public trust and
for improvement and provides greater receptivity about the actions
senior leaders and policy makers For instance, the WHO also deemed necessary by those agencies.
recommends (3) paying special
attention with communications to Resources in terms of funding,
women who may become pregnant and

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 209

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

personnel and time are finite. As Therefore, it is essential that those R&D, product familiarity would
be significantly improved, and the
such, all organizations need to look involved in IMM maximize the oppor- transition to using them in the field
could be more rapid as well as effective.
for increased opportunities to work tunities afforded by advances in science
For example, the U.S. Centers
together on informing people about the and developing technologies to continue for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) hosted an Aedes aegypti Vector
risks of vector-borne diseases, whether advancing mosquito control and disease Control Summit earlier this year that
included representatives from around
mosquitoes or other insects, the measures prevention capabilities. This includes the world, and the Chinese Pest Control
Association (CPCA) recently initiated
they can take to protect themselves and developing better products for combat- and hosted the inaugural World Pest
Day. At both events, leaders and
their families, and what is being done in ting mosquitoes, devising more effec- subject matter experts from around the
world discussed how the pest control
the area on their behalf and by whom. tive and efficient product delivery sys- industry can help improve public health
initiatives and raise awareness about
Make sure such information includes tems, and improving methodologies to their efforts.

describing what mosquito-borne detect and predict mosquito population Moving forward

diseases are of concern; what the risk is levels and disease risk. There are countless opportunities for
further collaboration between all enti-
where they live or travel; what they can While there has been an increase ties to improve IMM. Working together
to improve planning, policies, products
do to help prevent exposure; what they in funding research and development and education, will naturally identi-
fy better treatment and best practices.
should do if the think they’ve become (R&D) to control mosquitoes and the Above all, it will ensure the public has
an accurate understanding of potential
infected; and who they can contact, with diseases they transmit, such funding threats of vector diseases and how to
protect themselves.
questions or concerns. is low when compared to the impact
No one has a crystal ball to predict
The good news is that in recent years, mosquito-borne diseases have on people with certainty what this year or future
years will bring regarding IMM and
public and private organizations from and the global economy. Therefore, by extension, IVM. However, we do
know there is a tremendous amount of
around the world have increasingly expanding collaborations in the work being done by many dedicated
groups around the world, including
come together to share developing R&D arena is another area where all scientists, technicians in the field, and
industry activists, to reduce the risk of
research, best practices and lessons organizations, including pest control diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and
other arthropod vectors. Developing
learned regarding mosquito control and companies, can work together to synergies across these experts and
organizations, in combination with
reducing disease risk. These meetings share resources and achieve improved successful techniques already available
and being developed, will enhance
provide open forums where various synergies. For example, governments, everyone’s goals of moving the science
and pest control industry forward in the
vector and mosquito management NGOs and academia are engaged in area of IVM.

professionals from around the world many excellent efforts to improve References

can share what works and does not in mosquito control and reduce disease 1 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/4-bil-

different regions. This collaboration risk. However, many of these efforts run lion-people-at-risk-of-being-infected-with-

also brings to light new opportunities the risk of failing in the field because of the_us_58c76db4e4b0d06aa6580452

across the entire IMM spectrum (i.e., the lack of sustained support in terms of 2 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/

surveillance, control, monitoring, manpower and logistics streams. Pest factsheets/fs094/en/

outreach, etc.) where organizations control companies may be a potential 3 http://who.int/mediacentre/news/

can work together to more effectively resource in reducing those risks. statements/2016/2nd-emergency-commit-

formulate research criteria and desired In addition, and unfortunately, tee-zika/en/

outcomes. promising technologies often fail to

make the transition from the laboratory

Research and product development bench to “real-world” applicability

Government regulatory requirements, either due to financial or logistical

as well as mosquitoes and the envi- infeasibility. This failure rate could

ronment they live in, potentially be significantly reduced

are always if the pest control industry had more

evolving. opportunities to actively engage in

the early stages of

development. Such

engagement could

provide researchers with

real-world, operational

input about what would

and might not work in

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such efforts. Finally, if

pest control companies

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SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

Mosquito Control – Needing to implement an integrated
vector management programme

Graham Matthews*

O n World Malaria Day 2017, Cases of malaria in villages with insecticide treated bed nets before
WHO published “Malaria and after net distribution for different age groups.
Prevention Works – Let’s Close
the Gap”. Between 2010 and 2015, the ITNPre ITNPost
rate of new malaria cases globally fell by
21%, while the death rates fell by 29%. Fig 1. Major decrease in malaria for under 5-year old children following distribution of
In Africa, the reduction in cases of malar- insecticide treated bed nets.
ia is largely where the younger children
(<5 years) are sleeping under insecticide treated net every night. The WHO has malaria. In comparison with high income
treated bed nets (ITN). Mosquitoes also advocated that at least 80% of homes countries, where mosquito-proofed
can bite usually at night between 6pm in targeted areas should be sprayed. So housing and management of larvae is
and 6am, so when DDT was used in far indoor residual spraying (IRS) has combined with large scale insecticide
the 1950’s for indoor residual spraying depended on national teams, largely space sprays with cold fogs, managed at
of houses, it was highly successful in financed by funds from the USA through the local level, that significantly reduce
reducing malaria, as most people stayed the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) mosquito populations rapidly over a wide
inside their houses and the mosquitoes programme. This requires training teams area, the low to middle income countries
were either repelled by the DDT or killed of people to travel around the country. in the tropics, continue to suffer from
when they rested on treated walls. The scale of this task means not every extensive malaria transmission.
village is treated immediately before the
The world has changed significantly start of the rainy season. Countries need Improvements in equipment include
since then. The availability of electricity to create a system that trains a small team the development of a constant flow
has transformed the situation, even in in a village – a village intervention team valve fitted to compression sprayers
many villages well away from the larger - that can spray all the local houses, just has improved the delivery of a more
towns. Visiting Africa now, it is easy to days before the rains occur. uniform spray deposits. A lighter plastic
see people staying outdoors throughout compression sprayer designed to meet
the evenings, or even indoors, watching Control early when the first rains the WHO Specification is lighter to carry
television. A recent study in Tanzania occur is crucial to prevent the mosquito and may be more suitable for individual
indicated that people were frequently population building up during the wet spray teams in villages.
bitten by mosquitoes during the evening season. However, IRS is complicated
when outdoors. They stayed outdoors in at present by the prolonged exposure of There has been an increase interest
the early evening to undertake domestic mosquitoes to pyrethroids insecticides in larviciding, which is a key technique
tasks that could not be conducted used on bed nets, so they are now resistant used in the USA and was successful in
indoors, especially as their houses had to this class of chemistry. New molecules several countries prior to the arrival of
poor ventilation (Moshi et al., 2017). are needed, but when they are introduced, DDT. More insecticides are suitable
Mosquitoes can still easily enter most they need to be used so that a variety for larviciding and include use of
houses as their quality has not always of modes of action are rotated through products based on Bacillus thuringiensis
been improved with screens on windows, different areas within a country to reduce isrealensis. There are however problems
doors or other openings. Latrines are the selection of resistant mosquitoes. in Africa where several different species
usually outside, thus exposing people of Anopheles mosquitoes can occur in
to mosquitoes at night. Another recent Another recent paper has added the same village and these have different
study in Cameroon, showed that in attractive toxic sugar baits as an outdoor breeding habitats, making it much more
the villages where 5000 ITN’s had treatment to complement those indoors difficult to detect where the larvae are.
been distributed, it was only the young (Zhu et al, 2017). Using treated nets and It may be that modern technology can
children that benefitted and that the nets IRS will not solve the problem of malaria detect wet areas, especially in parts of
(Fig 1) were not very effective after 3 and as Killeen et al (2017) point out, an Africa, in the dry season just prior to
years of use (Che et al., 2017). expanded vector control toolbox should the rains, where the initial focus of a
be developed in Africa for eliminating mosquito population may occur.
The WHO has rightly requested
that a system is introduced to ensure
ITNs are replaced after 3 years and
that people at risk of malaria, sleep
under a properly maintained and

* IPARC, Imperial College, Silwood Park,

Ascot, SL5 7PY.

212 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

Fig. 2 Treating swarms of mosquitoes in Fig 3 Close up of Knapsack and adulticide was successfully made to
Burkina Faso 2015. prevent further spread of the virus.

Efforts are also needed to determine
whether using an aircraft would be
economically feasible in some areas with
a high human population to make the
cost per person protected affordable. In
some areas, a future development of the
application system may allow remotely
controlled unmanned aircraft (drones)
to be used in some settings. Looking
further ahead, the release of genetically
modified mosquitoes has already started
with the Oxitec Aedes aegypti GM
mosquitoes being released so that all
the offspring of these after mating with
the wild population produce only male
mosquitoes that neither bite nor transmit
disease to humans.

Fig 4 Vehicle-mounted cold fogger – Fig 5 Aerial spraying of mosquitoes in References
Treatments in evening when Anopheles Florida, USA. Che, J.N., Baleguel, P.N., Baleguel, P.D. and
mosquitoes are active.
reported a significant decrease in female Schmidt, W-P. (2017) Impact of distribu-
Space spray technology needs to insemination rate and a significant shift in tion off long-lasting insecticidal nets in an
be evaluated in both urban and rural the age structure of the male population, area of Cameroon as shown by hospital
settings with properly timed sequential with a higher proportion of younger records.  Outlooks on Pest Management
treatments to determine its effectiveness males incapable of mating. In Burkina 28, 101-3.
in Africa, where access to some housing Faso a recent trial of a knapsack cold Kileen, G.F., Tatarsky, A., Diabete, A.,
areas may require different types of fogger was used to spray swarms (Figs 2, Chaccour, C.J., Marshall, J.M., Okumu, F.
equipment, such as a combination of 3). A more general area-wide application O., Brunner, S., Newby, G., Williams, Y.A.
vehicle-mounted and manually carried of a cold fog therefore is a potential new ,Malone, D., Tusting, L. S. and Gosling,
equipment. Timing of treatments will tool to control mosquitoes in Africa. R. D. (2017) Developing an expanded
need to be determined to ensure that vector control toolbox for malaria
larvae, that emerge as adults after the Space spray treatments have been elimination. BMJ Global Health 2, 211
first treatment, are killed before they carried out in Asia, mainly to control the Moshi, I.R., Ngowo, H., Dillip, A.,
transmit disease or oviposit. Operational dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, but seldom Msellemu, D., Madumla, E.P., Okumu,
trials are needed to assess this technique has the techniques been used correctly. F.O., Coetzee, M., Mnyone, L.
under African conditions. So far, the After one successful treatment, people L. and Manderson,L. (2017) Community
application of a fog has been confined complain that the mosquito population perceptions on outdoor malaria
to examining the possibility of treating builds up quickly again. This resurgence transmission in
swarms of male mosquitoes. Using an of mosquitoes is because the requirement Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania.
aerosol application with a pyrethroid/ for sequential treatments has been Malar J 16:274
carbamate mixture, it was possible to ignored. In the USA, use of truck mounted Sawadogo, S.P., Niang, A., Bilgo, E., Millogo,
kill males significantly, as well as a few and aerial space sprays is standard A., Maiga, H., Dabire, R.K. Tripet, F.
females present in the swarms at the practice to keep mosquito populations and Diabete, A. (2017) Targeting male
time of intervention, and thus reduce low (Figs 4, 5). Last year when the Zika mosquito swarms to control malaria
the mosquito population by as much as virus was detected in an area of Miami, vector density. PLoS ONE 12,
80% (Sawadogo et.al. 2017). They also USA, an aerial application of larvicide Zhu, L., Müller, G. C., Marshall, J.M.,
Arheart, K.L. Qualls, W.A., Hlaing, W.M.,
Schlein, Y., Traore, S.F. Doumbia, S.
and Beier, J.C. (2017) Is outdoor vector
control needed for  malaria elimination?
An individual-based modelling study.
Malaria Journal 16, 266.

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 213

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

A brief history and future potential of neonicotinoid use in
public health

Justin McBeath*

F or more than 30 years, adulti- has the potential to reduce resistance substance for crop protection in 1991
cides recommended by the World selection pressure on some of the (Elbert et al.).
Health Organisation Pesticides existing insecticide classes.
Evaluation Scheme for use in vector During the late 1990s there was a
control for public health, have relied on As the potential availability of these surge in interest by R&D companies to
only four insecticide classes. Several products for vector control approaches, develop new bait technologies to control
of these insecticides even share the it seems appropriate to reflect on cockroaches – driven primarily by the
same mode of action. Since insecticide- the history of the development and activity profiles of new insecticide
based interventions still play the most availability of this class of insecticides families such as the phenyl pyrazoles
significant role in vector-borne disease in the broader sense of pest control for (e.g. Fipronil from Rhone-Poulenc)
control, established or emerging resist- public health (e.g. against cockroaches, and chloronicotinyls/neonicotinoids
ance to these existing insecticides high- flies, fleas and bedbugs). (imidacloprid from Bayer). These
light the urgent need for new modes of compounds were generally less active
action. The origins of neonicotinyl against public health pests through
chemistry (previously chloronicotinyl contact action, but highly active orally
Currently, two new indoor chemistry) dates back to the IUPAC and could be formulated into low-
residual spraying (IRS) insecticides Zurich Conference in 1978 when a dose gel baits. They also exhibited no
are under evaluation by the WHO new insecticidal chemical class called repellent action at the dose rates required
pre-qualification team, including nitromethylenes was introduced. to achieve mortality.
the insecticide clothianidin, which Nithiazin was the most active analogue,
represents the class of chloronicotinyls and around 1984 the chemists at Cockroach control by professional
(also known as neonicotinoids). NIHON Bayer in Japan took up this pest managers was never the same again,
Originally repurposed from agriculture, lead compound to further develop what and the next wave of innovation in this
this molecule represents a new mode is well known today - imidacloprid. This field (during the early 2000s) focussed
of action for vector control and will was the first neonicotinoid in widespread less on new modes of action, but rather
provide an important additional option use, and Bayer subsequently developed on addressing aversion by cockroaches
for including in an integrated vector it, not only in agriculture but also in to the bait components in the gels. We
management approach. Specifically, it animal health, as an ectoparasiticide. continue to see neonicotinoids (and
It was first presented as a new active phenyl pyrazoles) used in cockroach
baits today, with one of the later
* Market Segment Manager – Malaria Vector Control, Bayer AG, Environmental Science neonicotinoids, clothianidin, being
Email: [email protected] introduced by Bayer in recent years,

214 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

first registered as Maxforce Platin, in neonicotinoids) can be a limiting factor also slow down the development of
the USA in 2014. against certain pests, they immediately resistance to either compound compared
saw the benefit of a combination to the single compound approach.
Neonicotinoids are also active approach, using a pyrethroid plus a
against Diptera; both imidacloprid neonicotinoid. Temprid™ (imidacloprid Since neonicotinoids are widely
and thiamethoxam were developed plus betacyfluthrin) achieved its first used in agriculture and also in Africa,
as baits to control houseflies a few bedbug registration in the US in 2010, the role of agricultural insecticide use
years after this class was incorporated and rapidly became the ‘go-to’ solution in contributing to selecting insecticide
into cockroach gel baits. Formulated by professional pest managers to resistance in mosquitoes, is a widely
with various attractants, this new combat pyrethroid resistant bedbugs. discussed topic (Reid and McKenzie,
mode of action presented a welcome, Registration of Temprid followed in 2016). A combination approach was
less toxic, alternative to some of the Australia in 2011, and in subsequent seen as a means to reduce the risk of
former active ingredients used in fly years in other countries. accelerated resistance development
baits (which included, for example, in areas where widespread use of
the organophosphate azamethiphos Clothianidin tends to exhibit stronger neonicotinoids in agriculture may have
and the carbamate methomyl). The contact activity than imidacloprid and selected for reduced susceptibility in
same features that were desirable certain other neonicotinoids, but it local malaria vectors.
in a cockroach gel bait, were just as tends to be slower-acting than the other
applicable in fly control. Oral activity ‘traditional’ chemistry used until now The new combination product
against flies was fast, hence the first in malaria vector control. The standard (Fludora Fusion) is currently the subject
brand name QuickBayt™, for Bayer’s measurement of mosquito mortality at of a trial program involving field
first introduced imidacloprid-based 24 hours after exposure in bioassays evaluations across 15 countries. WHO
granules and spot baits. may not reveal the full effectiveness of pre-qualification evaluation is also
the compound; but delayed mortality underway.
Just as neonicotinoids were effects (e.g. up to 72 hours after
becoming mainstream in professional exposure) reveal a different story. The The ideal scenario would be to have
pest management for use against flies degree to which the delay in these several different new modes of action
and cockroaches, another pest started effects impacts disease transmission, available for use in vector control, all
to re-emerge from the past: the bedbug. is currently under discussion as part of of which are fully effective against all
After fading in prominence over the WHO policy review. currently identified resistant strains. That
course of many years, this pest started position is anticipated with R&D work
to become more and more important in The successful results of the underway in a number of companies
the professional pest control landscape. combination approach used in in conjunction with the IVCC, but
The reasons for this are not fully known, Temprid to control highly pyrethroid may still be some 6 - 8 years away. In
but changes in pest control practice resistant bedbugs, as well as strong the meantime, repurposed agricultural
(e.g. more focussed applications of evidence that collars impregnated chemistry such as clothianidin, from the
baits versus residual surface sprays) and with a neonicotinoid and pyrethroid class of neonicotinoids, should play an
development of insecticide resistance, successfully control ticks and fleas on important role in uses such as indoor
are generally regarded as two likely dogs and cats (Stanneck et al., 2012), residual spraying, especially when
factors. triggered the same thinking in Bayer combined with a second (faster) mode
scientists in Germany when considering of action.
Some strains of bedbugs were found malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. A
to be highly resistant to various families precedent also existed in agriculture, „„ For more information of Fludora
of insecticides, including pyrethroids and particularly in anti-malarial drugs Fusion and the Bayer vector range,
and carbamates -– throwing into question where a combination of two modes of see www.vectorcontrol.bayer.com/
the effectiveness of insecticide-based action is now recommended to maintain Portfolio_and_Innovation/Indoor-
control practices. An array of alternative effectiveness, even under conditions of Residual-Spraying/Fludora-fusion
control technologies was developed, varying levels of resistance to one of the
presenting excellent opportunities for a compounds. References
truly integrated management approach,
but new insecticide-based solutions Bayer took the decision to develop Reid and McKenzie (2016) Malaria J 15 p
were still needed. Bayer scientists in the clothianidin for vector control, in
US then started to look at the activity combination with an existing mode of 107. doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1162-4
of neonicotinoids against bedbugs. action. This not only enhances the speed
Although aware that the speed of contact of effect (compared to clothianidin Stanneck et al. (2012) Parasites & Vectors
activity of imidacloprid (and other alone) in many situations, but should
5, p73. http://www.parasitesandvectors.

com/content/5/1/73

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 215

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

Mozzies are evolving to beat insecticides – except in Australia

Ary Hoffmann*, Nancy Margaret Endersby-Harshman** & Scott Ritchie***

Mosquitoes are the main vectors for dengue Developing resistance had any mutations in the sodium chan-
and zika. Insecticides are our best weapon
against them. Credit Ary Hoffmann Mosquitoes usually become resistant nel gene, despite the high incidence of
to pyrethroids through the mutation of
C hemical pesticides have been a sodium channel gene that controls such mutations in mosquito populations
used for many years to control the movement of ions across cell
insect populations and remain membranes. Mutations in a single gene of South-East Asia. We believe these
the most important method of manag- are enough to make mosquitoes almost
ing diseases carried by pests, includ- completely resistant to the level of mosquitoes remain vulnerable to pyre-
ing mosquitoes. However, insects have pyrethroids used in insecticides. The
fought back by evolving resistance to mutations first arises in a population throids because in Australia pressure to
many pesticides. There are now thou- by chance, and are rare. However, they
sands of instances of evolved resistance, rapidly spread as resistant females breed. select for resistance has been low.
which make some chemical classes The more times a mosquito population is
completely ineffective. exposed to the same chemical, the more Australia does not carry out routine
the natural selection process favours fogging. If dengue is detected in an area,
The Aedes mosquito, largely their impervious offspring. pyrethoids are used in highly regimented
responsible for the spread of viruses like and limited fashion. Spraying is
dengue and zika, has globally developed Eventually, when many individuals restricted to the insides of premises
resistance to commonly used chemicals, in a population carry the resistance within selected house blocks, and then
including pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are mutation, the chemical becomes only for a short period. Importantly,
the most used insecticides in the world, ineffective. This can happen where water-filled artificial containers, which
which includes the control of dengue insecticide “fogging” is common can serve as a habitat for larvae, are
outbreaks and quarantine breaches at air practice. Overseas, fogging is treated with insect growth regulators,
and sea ports. sometimes undertaken across entire which do not select for the pyrethroid
neighbourhoods, several times a month, resistance mutations.
In Asia and the Americas, pyrethroid despite concerns about its effectiveness
resistance in Aedes mosquitoes is now as well as its environmental and health Exporting resistance
widespread. In Australia, our mosquitoes impacts.
have not developed these defences With chemical resistance growing
and pyrethroids are still very effective. Once resistance develops, it can around the world, it is more urgent
The difference lies in our stringent and spread to non-resistant mosquito than ever that we co-ordinate action to
careful protocols for chemical use. As populations in other areas. Pest species, control and reduce risk of resistance.
the global community fights zika and including mosquitoes, are often highly Unfortunately, no global guidelines exist
other mosquito-borne diseases, there are mobile because they fly or are carried to minimise the evolution of resistance
lessons to be learned from Australia’s passively (in vehicles, ships and in mosquitoes. Adopting pesticide
success. planes) at any stage of their life cycle. resistance management strategies has
Their mobility means mutations spread proven to be effective against other
quickly, crossing borders and possibly pests – for example, the corn earworm
seas. (Helicoverpa armigera). Guidelines
include rotating different class of
We can still control Australian pesticides to deny pests the chance to
develop resistance, and investing in
mosquitoes non-chemical options such as natural
predators of target pests.
Despite this, Australian populations of
Resistance management strategies are
Aedes mosquitoes remain susceptible particularly critical for new pesticides
that have different modes of attack,
to pyrethroids. Aedes aegypti (the yel- such as preventing juvenile insects from
moulting, or attacking various chemical
low fever mosquito) is the main dis- receptors. To prolong the effectiveness
of pesticides, we must develop these
ease-carrying mosquito in Australia. Its strategies before resistance begins to
develop. North Queensland may be an
population is restricted to urban areas example to the rest of the world on the
best path forward.
of northern Queensland, where dengue
This article was first published in the
can occur. Recent research found that Conversation and republished with permission
and under creative commons licence. For
all Australian populations of this species original see, http://theconversation.com/
mozzies-are-evolving-to-beat-insecticides-
are still vulnerable to pyrethroids. None except-in-australia-80269

of the hundreds of mosquitoes tested

*Professor, School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne
**Research Fellow, University of Melbourne
***Professorial Research Fellow, James Cook University

216 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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www.international-pest-control.com 217

SPECIAL FEATURE - Vector Management

First new class of insecticide for malaria prevention in
more than 30 years

Interceptor® G2 from BASF is the first WHO-recommended mosquito net based on non- School of Tropical Medicine has studied
pyrethroid chemistry to beat insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. Its distinctive black and white the problem for many years. “We’ve
stripes distinguish it from currently used mosquito nets. Volker Frenz, development chemist for got to take insecticide resistance very
Interceptor® G2, checks a net sample in the laboratory. seriously,” she said. “In some countries,
the local mosquito population has
B ASF has received a recom- London School of Hygiene & Tropical increased its level of resistance 1,000-
mendation from the World Medicine in a collaboration lasting over fold. It has been years since a new class
Health Organization (WHO) for a decade, BASF’s scientists successfully of public health insecticide has appeared
Interceptor® G2, a long-lasting insec- repurposed chlorfenapyr to be effective on on the market. Alternatives are urgently
ticide-treated mosquito net (LN) based mosquito nets and meet stringent WHO needed.”
on chlorfenapyr. Chlorfenapyr is a com- performance thresholds for public health.
pletely new insecticide class, halogen- Following the WHO
ated pyrroles, for combating mosquitoes Dave Malone, IVCC Technical recommendation, preparations are
for public health. This is the first WHO Manager, said “The collaboration with underway to launch the new product for
recommendation for a product based on BASF gave us access to an insecticide malaria prevention. Depending on local
a new insecticide class in more than 30 with a rare combination of attributes: New registration processes, the new mosquito
years. to public health, effective against resistant net is expected to be available to health
mosquitoes, and able to coat polyester ministries and aid organizations starting
Working with the Innovative Vector netting with a long-lasting formulation.” towards the end of this year.
Control Consortium (IVCC) and the
A second chlorfenapyr product, an “New resistance management
About chlorfenapyr indoor residual spray named Sylando® products are desperately needed to
Chlorfenapyr was derived by isolating 240SC, is also in the final phases of prevent mosquito-borne diseases and
a toxin from the Streptomyces fumanus WHO evaluation. save lives,” said Egon Weinmueller,
actinomycete bacterium. It is new to Head of BASF’s public health business.
the public health market, but has been Long-lasting insecticide-treated “This development breakthrough
used in agriculture and urban pest mosquito nets (LN) and indoor residual strengthens my personal belief that
control, including in homes and food sprays are the cornerstones of malaria we really can be the generation to end
handling areas, worldwide since 1995. prevention, particularly in sub-Saharan malaria for good.”
Chlorfenapyr belongs to the pyrrole class Africa. But 60 countries have already
of chemistry and has an entirely different reported resistance to at least one class There are more than 200 million cases of
mode of action from current WHO- of insecticide used in them. Part of the malaria each year and almost half a million
approved insecticides for public health. It problem is that there were previously only deaths. Infants, children under five and
works by disrupting the insect’s ability to four WHO-recommended insecticide pregnant women are the most vulnerable
produce energy. This makes it unlikely to classes for adult mosquito control: Only groups. Most cases occur in Africa, but
show cross-resistance in mosquitoes that one of them, the pyrethroid class, was other regions are significantly affected: Latin
are resistant to currently registered public recommended for LNs. Continual use America, South East Asia, Western Pacific
health insecticides. Further information is of the same insecticides enabled the and Eastern Mediterranean.
available on www.publichealth.basf.com. highly-adaptable mosquito to develop
significant levels of resistance.

Medical entomologist Professor
Hilary Ranson from the Liverpool

218 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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focus on public health

Pest control industry owes its robust success rate to
mergers and acquisitions

Deepak Bandal*

P est control and pest management increasing presence in the U.S state of The Global Pest Control Services
are the need of the hour, with an West Virginia and the increase in tick pop- report by Allied Market Research states
increased number of victims to ulation can in turn be blamed on the rise that the pest control market was valued at
malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and the in deer and rodent populations that pass $ 16m in 2016 and is estimated to grow
zika virus. With unhygienic living condi- on Lyme Disease the ticks. Minnesota is to $ 23m by 2023. The CAGR will be
tions, a plethora of mosquitoes, rodents witnessing a massive surge of carpenter 5.4% during this forecast period (2017-
and tick- borne illness are striking at ants during the summer months. 2023). With industrial advancement, a
an alarming rate. The industry has wit- requirement for new pest control systems
nessed a rise in the demand for pest Calling for effective and efficient pest is urgent. The type of pest control, will
control services across the United States. management systems can be a tough task depend on the segment that demands the
Reports have mentioned that the pest con- due to these hard-to-tackle bugs. To com- service, residential or commercial.
trol operators have registered a 10.8% rise bat these problems, new solutions are
in revenues from pre-construction termite coming up in the market. In the USA, The North American pest control mar-
treatment. Besides this, bed bugs are said BASF has launched Fendona CS that ket is showing steady growth from 2016
to be the fourth highest revenue generator claims to eliminate over 60 bugs from a to 2023, with profits at $867m to an
for the industry, creating a revenue of $1 wide range of interior and exterior sur- estimate of $ 1,141m by the end of the
billion, over a five-year span. faces. Containing alpha-cypermethrin, it decade. The global pest control market
is said to be four times more effective than is filled with many small players who
In 2015, North America and Western cypermethrin. are now looking forward to mergers and
Europe were regarded as the largest mar- acquisitions to gain the limelight on a
kets for pest control management systems With reference to the news media, an more global platform. In North America,
and together they represent a revenue article in Times Live from South Africa, there are a reported 40,000 operators.
share of 60%. The area of Asia Pacific considers the use of pest control manage- Rentokil’s acquisition of Ehrlich was esti-
excluding Japan (APEJ) will expect an ment systems as a ‘grudge purchase’ due mated at $141m and the acquisition of
increase of 6.5% CAGR in the years to to the lack of skilled personnel. President Steritech Group was estimated at $425m.
come. Louis Linderberg, from the South African Rentokil Initially announced its joint ven-
Pest Control Association, stresses the need ture with Franz Haniel & Cie towards the
The years between 2001 and 2004 to have effective pest control management end of June 2017. The agreed merger will
have seen a break-out of multiple com- systems. He states that there remains a take place in 10 countries, focusing on
municable diseases including swine flu, communication gap between the public Central & Eastern Europe. The London
bird flu and SARS. Lyme disease has an and managers of pest control companies. based organization will receive a sum
of Euro 520m in cash and an 18% stake
* Sr. Digital Marketing Executive, Allied Market Research in the venture. Chief Executive Andy
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pest-control-market Ransom, states that the deal will enhance
their ability to invest in the core growth
category of Pest Control and Hygiene.
The deal will also represent a change in
the execution of their strategy with 80%
of the group revenues they draw from Pest
Control and Hygiene services.

In May 2017, ChemChina announced
that they had successfully acquired
Syngeta, valued at a whopping $43b.
China expressed their desire to use
Syngeta’s highly valued portfolio to
improve their domestic agricultural out-
put. This was China’s biggest acquisition
till date. Orkin has an active acquisition
presence in Europe, U.K and Australia,
recently acquiring Safeguard Pest Control
and Environmental Services in the UK
and Statewide All Pest and Murray in
Australia. With a robust success rate, the
pest control industry can see more poten-
tial in its growth.

220 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

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www.international-pest-control.com

focus on public health

International Conference on Urban Pests, ICUP2017

David Loughlin* one-day workshop for pest management Monday’s plenary programme
professionals on the Tuesday and del- commenced with an analysis by
T he UK once again paid host to egates had to be very selective on which Matthew Bertone (North Carolina State
ICUP in its 9th iteration, hav- presentations they caught and quick on University) of insect distribution within
ing started 24 years ago in their feet to room-hop. domestic environments. Using an initial
Cambridge, England. Each confer- assessment of 50 properties near to
ence is organised by a local Organising The full proceedings of the 9th ICUP the university, the study revealed that
Committee which exists only for the has already been published and we can the average house studied harbours an
three years it takes to plan and execute only provide a flavour of the event here. incredible breadth of life. Over 10,000
each conference. This year’s venue was My apologies if you feel left out. specimens were collected but most
Aston University, Birmingham, UK and were not considered pests. Some pests
the organising team was led by Killgerm Conference Aston at the University in were associated with the presence of
Technical Manager Dr Matthew Davies. Birmingham provided a very central and lights within the home and some such as
convenient venue for those willing to midges (Cecidomyiidae) and book lice
The International Conference on venture out on the Monday night. (Liposcelididae) being unfamiliar to the
Urban Pests (ICUP) brings together those householder. The study is now moving
with a professional interest in urban pests. to other international locations where the
Participants from academia, industry, results we the same, but also different.
government and professional pest control, Whilst each location had ants, cobweb
come from all over the world to meet spiders, and chironomid midges, the most
at the ICUP and share experiences and prominent groups differed: flies were
ideas. This year 250 delegates attended universally present, especially in Sweden,
and papers covered both invertebrate and Japan had ants and Peru termites.
vertebrate pests. As with Zurich three
years ago, papers and posters on bedbugs
dominated, with 11 papers and 3 posters
and the meeting concluded with a three-
hour bedbug workshop.

After the initial introduction by
Executive Committee member, Bill
Robinson (B&G), and a welcome by
Matthew Davies, the meeting stayed as
one for a morning of plenary presen-
tations before breaking into two paral-
lel sessions for Monday afternoon and
three parallel programmes for Tuesday
and Wednesday. Add to this an additional

ICUP Executive Committee members
Clive Boase and Bill Robinson who
first established ICUP back in 1993.
Clive was among the presentations on
Mondays plenary programme looking
at fly management in the UK and how
changes in one set of regulations
can have unintended consequences.
For examples, the introduction of a
Landfill Tax in 1996 has successfully
reduced the quantity of organic waste
going to landfill but has created a fly
problem in areas that manage waste,
especially where these neighbour
urban residential areas. Conversely,
legislation improving the welfare of egg
laying hens has changed the way in
which manure is managed, which has in
turn led to a reduction of fly problems.

* Editor, IPC Magazine www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017
222

Having recently been published also within In the US, there are 5m bed
IPC, Partho Dhang from the Philippines, occupancies every night. Michael Potter
reviewed climate change impacts on of the University of Kentucky provided
urban pests. Increased urbanisation and an insight into the travellers attitudes to
people’s increasing adoption of choosing bedbugs and how this will impact the
to live an urban life, has made climate hospitality industry. Even though most
change a relevant subject to urban travellers cannot identify a bedbug,
pests. Independent consultant, Partho most are now aware and of surveyed
explained how he believes climate change respondents, 86% said they would not
is impacting on pest dynamics and the stay in a hotel if they knew it had had an
tools and methodologies currently in use to incidence of bedbugs, even if it was 12
control them. months prior to a planned stay.

Matthew Davies, ICUP2017 Chairman,
invites Kimio Hirabayashi, Shinshu
University, to eat his own words, and
sample a packet of Japanese edible insects
he brought from home. This followed
Kimio’s recount of a massive occurrence
of aquatic insects (mostly Trichoptera)
that invaded a bookstore located on a
canal near the Chikuma River, Ueda City
and the efforts of trapping with black and
fluorescent lights.

In a session on medical entomology which Jeffrey White, technical director of
included three paper son mosquitoes, BedBug Central, provided a review of
Olivier Sparagano, Associate Pro-Vice- bedbug presence in the USA, with every
Chancellor (Research) at Coventry state now affected. With increasing
University, discussed the emergence of the resistance and poor residual pesticide
Red Poultry Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, product performance more effort is
a well-known pest of poultry, that is also needed to promote product rotation and
now a difficult to diagnose and control improved application, especially dusts.
mite of human medical importance. An
EU-funded project involving 28 countries
(FA 1404-COREMI) is pulling together
expertise and scientific knowledge
to identify new holistic approaches,
immunologic, biological and chemical
control measures.

New pesticide chemistry is a rare topic at
today’s symposia but Peter Miller of the
University of Technology, Sydney made the
long trip north to present trials results against
mosquitoes, housefly and cat fleas using a
synthetic variant of the naturally occurring,
plant compound flavosone. Not only novel,
but with a novel, although as yet not fully
appreciated mode of action, flavosone
presents itself as a resistance breaker in IPM
programmes against urban pests.

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 223

focus on public health

Marco Pellizzari of Acmedrugs, Italy was A session on Wednesday morning
among the few presentations considering on structural and museum pests
vertebrate pests. Pigeons are a universal included a look at biological control
nuisance pest in urban situations. Modern of biscuit (Stegobium paniceum) and
systems in use by professionals are spider beetles (Gibbium psylloides)
designed to deflect pigeons and move with a parasitoid wasp (Lariophagus
away from problem areas rather than distinguendus) by Pascal Querner of
control. Acme Drugs have developed the University of Natural resources and
an approach that uses the side effect applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
of a 50-year old poultry treatment that Varied success was found over several
affects egg fertility. After many years of years and although biological control
establishing pigeon population control in using mass release of parasitoid wasps
several Italian cities, the programme is now may have a future in protecting museum
being introduced to international markets. objects, success appears to depend very
much on local circumstances.
Meanwhile, Stephan Biebl of the
Ingenieurbüro für Holzschutz, Germany
considered the practical application od
a braconid wasp (Spathius exarator) for
the control of Furniture Beetle, Anobium
punctatum. As with Pascals talk, there
is more potential than practical results
although two examples cited, in historic
churches, gave between 80-100%
reduction in emerging beetles. More
practical experience is required to optimise
the treatment.

Reiner Popischil of PMP-Biosolutions, Matthew Green of Rentokil-Initial took delegates through the process of new product
Germany, considered the continual design from the conceptual idea of a pitcher plant firing lasers to the creation of new LED
problems Europe has faced with based UV light trap for housefly monitoring and control. The LED market is predicted
Lyctinae or Powder Post Beetles since to grow over the next 10 years. UV-A LEDs are now powerful (and cheap) enough to
they arrived 70 years ago. Although offer credible alternative light sources to the fluorescent lamps currently in use in fly light
L. brunneus was the species most traps. The new Rentokil Lumnia LED fly trap uses high attraction output LED lamps that
commonly found until the end of the automatically adapt from day to night to reduce energy consumption and offer average
twentieth century, more recent surveys energy savings of 61% compared to equivalent fluorescent fly traps.
and insect identifications have revealed
more occurrence of L. cavicollis. Both
species are potential risk to housing as
they are readily found in dry firewood.

224 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017

One-day workhop for pest
management professional

On Tuesday, there was an additional par-
allel session that was open to UK pest
control companies to attend for one day
only. This provided speakers to come
in just for the Tuesday or for several of
the main presenters to present a slightly
longer paper to a different audience.

Perhaps talking to the converted, Alan Buckle of Vertebrate Pest Unit, University
of Reading explained the workings of the UK Rodenticide Stewardship Scheme.
Alan’s talk immediately followed a paper by Andrew Brigham, Rentokil Initial, which
introduced a new palatable paste formulation of chloralose, an acute rodenticide that
would help to combat resistance in mice. Alan was concerned that the arrival two or
more rodenticide with differing mode of action, could open up the debate to remove
second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGARS) from the market altogether.

Dini Millar, Virginia tech University, John Simmons was kept busy over the
recounted her work in the US in how 3 days with four presentations (or two
challenging it is to effectively monitor presentations repeated). In the morning
and treat for bedbugs in a typical US session, John looked at controlling house
property that is full of clutter and the mice in the food industry and how the
inadequacies of some professional heat use of an electronic monitoring system
treatment approaches in combating indicated that conventional monitors could
infestations in such conditions. In a be unreliable with behavioural resistance
study of fourteen apartments in Virginia, reducing performance. In the afternoon,
clutter was not seen as a major perhaps unusually for a UK pest situation,
contributor to the time or efficacy of he explained the practical application
whole home thermal treatments but the to control a mosquito infestation in a
effective placement of monitoring was subterranean water habitat, using a water
in order to correctly identify cold spots. surface treatment (Aquatain).

Sandra Baker of Oxford University, highlighted the double
standards in vertebrate trapping in the UK. Whilst Spring Traps
require welfare approval, break back traps, for mice, rats and
moles, do not. In a study looking at 50 mole traps, the primary
cause of death was acute haemorrhage suggesting an inhumane
end. Similarly, the presence of many rat and mouse traps from
unregulated sources, raised doubts also on their humaneness and
Sandra suggested there was strong case for certification to be
applied to such devices, although the audience raised concerns as
to how supply of inferior, copycat products can be managed in such
a scenario.

Working to improve the professionalism of entomology internationally, Christopher Stelzig
of A.C.E. (Associate Certified Entomologist) explains how the ACE program was started
by the Entomological Society of America in 2004 and has grown rapidly. Since 2004,
pest management professionals in the United States who do not have a higher degree in
entomology have been able to earn a certification - the Associate Certified Entomologist,
or ACE. Holders are not qualified as entomologists, only a degree from a university can do
that, but an ACE is widely recognized as a mark of high achievement in education, training,
and learning in the pest management community.

July/August 2017 www.international-pest-control.com 225

focus on public health

Posters

Not all the submitted and planned 41
posters were on display. Had they been,
the range of topics would cover almost
every urban pest situation. Cockroaches
featured strongest with discussions on
population distribution, resistance, dis-
ease transmission and control with both
traditional and biological preparations.
The number and themes of the posters
was as follows:

Cockroaches 9

Mosquito and biting flies 8

Medical entomology 5

Rodents 3 Gloria Isabel Jaramillo discusses the findings of her study on knowledge, attitudes and
control practices of 309 residents in Villavicencio, Columbia, regarding the disease
Bedbugs 3 vector Aedes aegypti. Improved understanding of the threat by residents will enable
them to take better preventative measures.
Stored Product and Museum Pests 3

Birds 2

Others/general 8

José-Maria Cámara (left) of
the Vector Control Unit in the
Environmental Health Department
of the City of Madrid presented one
of nine papers on cockroaches.
Treatment of municipal cockroach
infestations especially in
sewers remains a challenge for
municipalities who do not always
appreciate the extent or locations of
infestations and the tools available
to the industry are still insufficient.

The use of lasers to deter bird Commenting on this year’s ICUP, cussion. Although it may seem as though
populations from disturbing sites in Executive Committee member and IPC each Conference glides along effortlessly,
the UK and elsewhere in the world. Technical Consultant, Clive Boase said it happens only through the careful plan-
Constantin Swartz (Rentokil) learns how ‘So, this was our 9th conference. Another ning, hard work, freely-given time, and
the laser applications by the Dutch- venue, another 250 delegates, over 35 attention to detail of each Organising
based, Bird Control Group has grown countries represented, over 110 oral and Committee. Matt Davies and his team
in popularity in recent years (https:// poster presentations, and three days of dis- have done a great job over the last three
birdcontrolgroup.com). years, putting this one together.”
Kerstin Büchel (right) of IS Insect
Yuliya Lopatina (centre) of the Services GmbH, looked at a novel The various coffee and lunch breaks
Lomonosov Moscow State University method to attract and trap the tick Ixodes were taken within the Aston site, and the
reviewed the incidence of pyrethroid ricinus, using CO2 , a variety of test layout was such that there was little or no
resistance in body lice from Russia. compounds and entomopathogenic fungi. need to move around the campus during
the days and there was maximising the
opportunity for discussion and network-
ing. As Clive also noted, “One aspect of
ICUP that we have worked on over the
years, is the opportunity for informal
discussion. By keeping our delegates
together under one roof, by providing
generous coffee and lunch breaks, by
ensuring time for questions after each
presentation, and the workshops them-
selves, we aim to stimulate an inclusive
dialogue that will last beyond the confer-
ence itself. Science works best through
communication and cooperation.”

226 www.international-pest-control.com July/August 2017