Top Class Kimia Tg 5

CLASS
Form

5KSKSSSMM

Chemistry (SGuusruanCeCmheirnlaSngyuKkimMiaa) n

Kimia PdPRPakej di Rumah

Topical Practices Pengajaran
dan Pembelajaran
SPM Practices
Rekod Pencapaian Video
PAK-21 Online Quick Quiz PAK-21
SPM Model Paper
HOTS Lembaran PBD

2021NEW SPM ASSESSMENT
FORMAT iv

CLASS 5 Form

Chemistry Kimia KSSM

Susan Chin Syuk Man
(Guru Cemerlang Kimia)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2021
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

ISBN: 978-967-2907-86-2
First Published 2021

Lot 8, Jalan P10/10, Kawasan Perusahaan Bangi,
Bandar Baru Bangi, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel: 03-8922 3993 Fax: 03-8926 1223 / 8920 2366 E-mail: [email protected]
Enquiry: [email protected]

Printed in Malaysia by Gains Print Sdn. Bhd.

No. 5, Lorong 7/3A, Kawasan Perindustrian Seri Kembangan, 433i0v0 Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Please log on to www.ePelangi.com/errata for up-to-date adjustment to the contents of the book (where applicable).

Contents

PTER Redox equilibrium 1 SPM Practice 2 29
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 39
1 Keseimbangan Redoks PAK-21 Corner QR Code 39
CHA CHA
CHA CHA Smart Notes 3PTERThermochemistry 40
1
1.1 Oxidation and Reduction 4 Termokimia
Pengoksidaan dan Penurunan
4 Smart Notes 40
1.2 Standard Electrode Potential
Keupayaan Elektrod Piawai 6 3.1 Heat Change in Reactions 41
Perubahan Haba dalam Tindak Balas
1.3 Voltaic Cell 7
Sel Kimia 3.2 Heat of Reaction 41
8 Haba Tindak Balas
1.4 Electrolytic Cell
Sel Elektrolisis 9 3.3 Application of Endothermic and 48
Exothermic Reactions in Daily Life
1.5 Extraction of Metal from Its Ore
Pengekstrakan Logam daripada Bijihnya Aplikasi Tindak Balas Endotermik dan

1.6 Rusting Eksotermik dalam Kehidupan Harian
Pengaratan

SPM Practice 1 10

Online Quick Quiz QR Code 21 SPM Practice 3 49

PAK-21 Corner QR Code 21 Online Quick Quiz QR Code 60

PAK-21 Corner QR Code 60

Carbon Compound 22

PTER Sebatian Karbon 4PTER Polymer Chemistry 61

2 Kimia Polimer

Smart Notes 22

2.1 Types of Carbon Compound 23 Smart Notes 6 1
Jenis-jenis Sebatian Karbon 4.1 Polymer 62
Polimer
2.2 Homologous Series 23 4.2 Natural Rubber 63
Siri Homolog Getah Asli
4.3 Synthetic Rubber 65
2.3 Chemical Properties and Interconversion 25 Getah Sintetik
of Compounds between Homologous
Series SPM Practice 4 66

Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian Online Quick Quiz QR Code 75

antara Siri Homolog PAK-21 Corner QR Code 75

2.4 Isomers and Naming based on IUPAC 28
Nomenclature

Isomer dan Penamaan mengikut IUPAC

ii

CHA PTER Consumer and Industrial 76

5 Chemistry
Kimia Konsumer dan Industri

Smart Notes 76 5.6 Application of Green Technology in 85
79 Industrial Waste Management
5.1 Oils and Fats 80 Aplikasi Teknologi Hijau dalam Pengurusan
Minyak dan Lemak 82
83 Sisa Industri
5.2 Cleaning Agents 85
Bahan Pencuci SPM Practice 5 87

5.3 Food Additives Online Quick Quiz QR Code 96
Bahan Tambah Makanan
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 96
5.4 Medicines and Cosmetics
Ubat-ubatan dan Bahan Kosmetik SPM Model Paper 97

5.5 Application of Nanotechnology Answers A1 – A19
in Industry Periodic Table of Elements A20
Jadual Berkala Unsur
Aplikasi Nanoteknologi dalam Industri

Lembaran PBD Answers for Lembaran PBD

http://www.epelangi.com/Top/Chemistry/F5/ http://www.epelangi.com/Top/Chemistry/F5/

LembaranPBD.pdf AnswerLembaranPBD.pdf

iii

Rekod Pencapaian Pentaksiran Murid
Chemistry Form 5 / Kimia Tingkatan 5

Pupil’s name: ................................................................. Class: ..............................................
Nama murid: Kelas:

ACHIEVEMENT
PENCAPAIAN

CHAPTER PERFORMANCE DESCRIPTOR (✓) (✗)
BAB LEVEL DESKRIPTOR ACHIEVED NOT YET
TAHAP MENGUASAI ACHIEVED

PENGUASAAN BELUM
MENGUASAI

1 Recall knowledge and basic skills on oxidation and reduction
concept.
Mengingat kembali pengetahuan dan kemahiran asas mengenai konsep
pengoksidaan dan penurunan.

2 Understand redox reaction and explain the understanding
using examples.
Memahami tindak balas redoks serta dapat menjelaskan kefahaman
tersebut dengan contoh.

1 3 Apply knowledge on redox reaction to explain the natural
occurrences or phenomena and be able to carry out
simple tasks.
Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mengenai tindak balas redoks untuk
menerangkan kejadian atau fenomena alam dan dapat melaksanakan
tugasan mudah.

4 Analyse knowledge on redox reaction in the context of
REDOX EQUILIBRIUM problem solving on the natural occurrences or phenomena.
KESEIMBANGAN Menganalisis pengetahuan mengenai tindak balas redoks dalam konteks
REDOKS penyelesaian masalah mengenai kejadian atau fenomena alam.

5 Evaluate knowledge on redox reaction in the context of
problem solving and decision-making to carry out a task.
Menilai pengetahuan mengenai tindak balas redoks dalam konteks
penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan untuk melaksanakan
satu tugasan.

6 Invent creatively and innovatively by applying the knowledge
on redox reaction in the context of problem solving and
decision-making or in carrying out an activity/ task in new
situations; giving due considerations to social/ economic/
cultural values of the community.
Merekacipta menggunakan pengetahuan mengenai tindak balas redoks
dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan atau
dalam melaksanakan aktiviti/ tugasan dalam situasi baharu secara
kreatif dan inovatif dengan mengambil kira nilai sosial/ ekonomi/ budaya
masyarakat.

1 Recall knowledge and basic skills about carbon compound.
Mengingat kembali pengetahuan dan kemahiran asas mengenai sebatian
karbon.

2 2 Understand and explain carbon compound with examples.
Memahami sebatian karbon serta dapat menjelaskan kefahaman tersebut
dengan contoh.

CARBON COMPOUND
SEBATIAN KARBON 3 Apply knowledge on carbon compounds to explain the
natural occurrences and phenomena and be able to carry out
simple tasks.
Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mengenai sebatian karbon untuk
menerangkan kejadian atau fenomena alam dan dapat melaksanakan
tugasan mudah.

iv

ACHIEVEMENT
PENCAPAIAN

CHAPTER PERFORMANCE DESCRIPTOR (✓) (✗)
BAB LEVEL DESKRIPTOR ACHIEVED NOT YET
TAHAP MENGUASAI ACHIEVED

PENGUASAAN BELUM
MENGUASAI

4 Analyse knowledge on carbon compound in the context of
problem solving about natural occurrences and phenomena.
Menganalisis pengetahuan mengenai sebatian karbon dalam konteks
penyelesaian masalah mengenai kejadian atau fenomena alam.

5 Evaluate knowledge on carbon compound in the context of
problem solving and decision-making to perform a task.
Menilai pengetahuan mengenai sebatian karbon dalam konteks
penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan untuk melaksanakan
satu tugasan.

6 Invent creatively or innovatively by applying knowledge on
carbon compound in the context of problem solving and
decision-making or in carrying out an activity/ task in new
situations; giving due considerations to the social/ economic/
cultural values of the community.
Merekacipta menggunakan pengetahuan mengenai sebatian karbon
dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan atau
dalam melaksanakan aktiviti/ tugasan dalam situasi baharu secara
kreatif dan inovatif dengan mengambil kira nilai sosial/ ekonomi/ budaya
masyarakat.

1 Recall knowledge and basic skills about heat change.
Mengingat kembali pengetahuan dan kemahiran asas mengenai
perubahan haba.

2 Understand and explain heat of reaction with examples.
Memahami haba tindak balas serta dapat menjelaskan kefahaman
tersebut dengan contoh.

3 Apply knowledge on heat of reaction to explain the natural
occurrences and phenomena and be able to carry out simple
tasks.
Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mengenai haba tindak balas untuk
menerangkan kejadian atau fenomena alam dan dapat melaksanakan
tugasan mudah.

3 4 Analyse knowledge on heat of reaction in the context of
THERMOCHEMISTRY problem solving about natural occurrences and phenomena.
Menganalisis pengetahuan mengenai haba tindak balas dalam konteks
TERMOKIMIA penyelesaian masalah mengenai kejadian atau fenomena alam.

5 Evaluate knowledge on heat of reaction in the context of
problem solving and decision-making to carry out a task.
Menilai pengetahuan mengenai haba tindak balas dalam konteks
penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan untuk melaksanakan
satu tugasan.

6 Invent creatively or innovatively by applying knowledge
on heat of reaction in the context of problem solving and
decision-making or in carrying out an activity/ task in new
situations; giving due considerations to social/ economic/
cultural values of the community.
Merekacipta menggunakan pengetahuan mengenai haba tindak balas
dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan atau
dalam melaksanakan aktiviti/ tugasan dalam situasi baharu secara
kreatif dan inovatif dengan mengambil kira nilai sosial/ ekonomi/ budaya
masyarakat.

v

ACHIEVEMENT
PENCAPAIAN

CHAPTER PERFORMANCE DESCRIPTOR (✓) (✗)
BAB LEVEL DESKRIPTOR ACHIEVED NOT YET
TAHAP MENGUASAI ACHIEVED

PENGUASAAN BELUM
MENGUASAI

4 1 Recall basic knowledge and skills on polymer.
POLYMER Mengingat kembali pengetahuan dan kemahiran asas mengenai polimer.
CHEMISTRY
2 Understand and explain polymer.
KIMIA Memahami polimer serta dapat menjelaskan kefahaman tersebut.
POLIMER
3 Apply knowledge on polymer to explain natural occurrences
5 or phenomena and carry out a simple task.
CONSUMER AND Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mengenai polimer untuk menerangkan
kejadian atau fenomena alam dan dapat
INDUSTRIAL melaksanakan tugasan mudah.
CHEMISTRY
KIMIA KONSUMER DAN 4 Analyse knowledge on polymer in the context of problem
solving about natural occurrences or phenomena.
INDUSTRI Menganalisis pengetahuan mengenai polimer dalam konteks
penyelesaian masalah mengenai kejadian atau fenomena alam.

5 Evaluate knowledge on polymer in the context of problem
solving and decision-making to carry out a task.
Menilai pengetahuan mengenai polimer dalam konteks penyelesaian
masalah dan membuat keputusan untuk
melaksanakan satu tugasan.

6 Invent creatively and innovatively using knowledge on
polymers in the context of problem solving and decision-
making or in carrying out activities/ tasks in new situations;
giving due considerations to social/ economic/ cultural values
of the community.
Merekacipta menggunakan pengetahuan mengenai polimer dalam
konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan atau dalam
melaksanakan aktiviti/ tugasan dalam situasi baharu secara kreatif
dan inovatif dengan mengambil kira nilai sosial/ ekonomi/ budaya
masyarakat.

1 Recall knowledge and basic skills on consumer and industrial
chemistry.
Mengingat kembali pengetahuan dan kemahiran asas mengenai kimia
konsumer dan industri.

2 Understand and explain consumer and industrial chemistry.
Memahami kimia konsumer dan industri serta dapat menjelaskan
kefahaman tersebut.

3 Apply knowledge of consumer and industrial chemistry to
explain the natural occurrences and phenomena and carry
out a simple task.
Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mengenai kimia konsumer dan
industri untuk menerangkan kejadian atau fenomena alam dan dapat
melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

4 Analyse knowledge on consumer and industrial chemistry in
the context of problem solving on the natural occurrences
and phenomena.
Menganalisis pengetahuan mengenai kimia konsumer dan industri dalam
konteks penyelesaian masalah
mengenai kejadian atau fenomena alam.

5 Evaluate knowledge on consumer and industrial chemistry
in the context of problem solving and decision-making to
perform a task.
Menilai pengetahuan mengenai kimia konsumer dan industri dalam
konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan untuk
melaksanakan satu tugasan.

6 Invent creatively and innovatively by applying knowledge on
consumer and industrial chemistry in the context of problem
solving and decision-making or in carrying out an activity/
task in new situations; giving due considerations to the
social/ economic/ cultural values of a community.
Merekacipta menggunakan pengetahuan mengenai kimia konsumer dan
industri dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah dan membuat keputusan
atau dalam melaksanakan aktiviti/ tugasan dalam situasi baharu secara
kreatif dan inovatif dengan mengambil kira nilai sosial/ ekonomi/ budaya
masyarakat.

vi

CHA PTER Redox Equilibrium

1 Keseimbangan Redoks

SMART Notes Oxidation
PengOksidaan
Reduction
PenUrunan O2

H2 e– ON

O2 H2 e–
ON

REDuction Palm OXidation Palm
Tangan PenUrunan Tangan PengOKsidaan

Loss of oxygen Gain of oxygen
Kehilangan oksigen Penerimaan oksigen

Gain of hydrogen Loss of hydrogen
Penerimaan hidrogen Kehilangan hidrogen

Receives electrons Releases electrons
Menerima elektron Menderma elektron

Decrease in oxidation number Increase in oxidation number
Penurunan nombor pengoksidaan Penambahan nombor pengoksidaan

• There are four standard conditions for standard electrode potential: VIDEO Redox
Terdapat empat syarat piawai bagi keupayaan elektrod piawai: reactions
Tindak balas
(a) Aqueous concentration of ions / Kepekatan akueus ion: 1.0 mol dm–3 redoks
(b) Temperature / Suhu: 25 oC / 298 K
(c) Pressure / Tekanan: 1 atm / 101 kPa
(d) Inert electrode / Elektrod lengai: Platinum
• Three factors affecting the formation of products:
Tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan hasil tindak balas:

(a) Eo value / Nilai Eo
(b) Concentration of aqueous solution / Kepekatan larutan akueus
(c) Type of electrode / Jenis elektrod
• Industrial applications involving electrolytic cell
Aplikasi industri yang melibatkan sel elektrolisis

(a) Electroplating of metal / Penyaduran logam
(b) Purification of metal / Penulenan logam
(c) Extraction of reactive metals / Pengekstrakan logam aktif

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

Ag • Less reactive metals can be extracted by reduction of carbon:
Logam yang kurang reaktif dapat diekstrak melalui penurunan karbon:

Cu Raw materials (coke, limestone)

Bahan mentah (kok, batu kapur)

H

Pb Reactivity towards oxygen decreases Waste gases Waste gases
Kereaktifan terhadap oksigen berkurangan
Sn Gas buangan Gas buangan

Fe 200°C

Zn

700°C

C

Al Blasts of 1600°C Blasts of

Mg hot air 2000°C hot air
Semburan Semburan

Ca udara panas udara panas

Na Slag / Sanga Molten iron

Leburan ferum

K

Comparison between electrolytic cell and voltaic cell.
Perbandingan antara sel elektrolisis dengan sel kimia.

Labelled diagram Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell
Gambar rajah berlabel Sel elektrolisis Sel kimia

V

Electrode A Electrode A Electrode B
Elektrod A
Elektrod A Elektrod B

Electrodes Carbon Two different metals
Elektrod Karbon Dua logam berbeza
Negative terminal
Terminal negatif Cathode Anode
Katod Anod
Positive terminal
Terminal positif Anode Cathode
Transfer of electrons Anod Katod
Pemindahan elektron
Anion releases electrons at the cathode. From the anode to the cathode through
Energy conversion Anion membebaskan elektron di katod.
Pertukaran tenaga external circuit.
Cation receives electrons at the anode. Daripada anod ke katod melalui litar luar.
Oxidation process Kation menerima elektron di anod.
Proses pengoksidaan
Reduction process Electrical → Chemical Chemical → Electrical
Proses Penurunan Elektrik → Kimia Kimia → Elektrik

Anode
Anode

Cathode
Katod

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

Rusting / Pengaratan Water droplet Rust
Titisan air Karat

O2 O2
2
12
e–

Iron metal
Logam besi

• Half equations in anode and cathode.
Persamaan setengah di anod dan katod.

 Anode: Fe(s) → Fe2+(aq) + 2e–
Anod: Fe(p) → Fe2+(ak) + 2e–

 Cathode: 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e– → 4OH–(aq)
Katod: 2H2O(ce) + O2(g) + 4e– → 4OH–(ak)

• Overall equation / Persamaan keseluruhan:

22FFee(p(s))++OO2(g2()g+) +2H22OH(c2eO) (→l) →2Fe2(OFHe)(2O(pH) )2(s)


• 2Fe(OH)2(s) O2 in air 2Fe2O3.xH2O(s)
O2 dalam udara Rust
2Fe(OH)2(p)
2Fe2O3.xH2O(p)
Karat

• Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution is a reagent used to detect the presence of Fe2+ ion.
Larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) ialah reagen yang digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran ion Fe2+.

• Phenolphthalein indicator is a reagent used to detect the presence of OH– ion.
Penunjuk fenolftalein ialah reagen yang digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran ion OH–.

• Rate of rusting can be controlled:
Kadar pengaratan boleh dikawal:

(a) When iron is coiled with more electropositive metal, rate of rusting decreases.
Apabila besi dililit dengan logam yang lebih elektropositif, kadar pengaratan berkurang.

(b) When iron is coiled with less electropositive metal, rate of rusting increases.
Apabila besi dililit dengan logam yang kurang elektropositif, kadar pengaratan meningkat.

• Other methods to prevent rusting:
Kaedah-kaedah lain untuk mencegah pengaratan:

(a) Application of paint as protective layer.
Penggunaan cat sebagai lapisan pelindung

(b) Application of grease as a protective layer
Penggunaan gris sebagai lapisan pelindung

(c) Alloying
Pengaloian

(d) Coating with plastic
Salutan dengan plastik

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

Oxidation and Reduction

1.1 Pengoksidaan dan Penurunan

1. Complete Table 1 with the correct answers. TP 1

Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan jawapan yang betul.

Definition Oxidation Reduction

Definisi Pengoksidaan Penurunan

(a) Transfer of oxygen

Pemindahan oksigen

(b) Transfer of hydrogen

Pemindahan hidrogen

(c) Transfer of electron

Pemindahan elektron

(d) Change in oxidation number

Perubahan nombor pengoksidaan

Table 1 / Jadual 1

2. Calculate the oxidation number for the following underlined elements. TP 4

Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi unsur-unsur berikut.

(a) NH4+ (b) CO32–

(c) K2Cr2O7 (d) Na2S2O3

Standard Electrode Potential

1.2 Keupayaan Elektrod Piawai

1. Standard electrode potential (Eo) is the measurement for the individual patential of

at standard conditions.
Keupayaan elektrod piawai (Eo) ialah ukuran keupayaan setiap pada keadaan
piawai. TP 1

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

2. Complete Table 2 by calculating Eo cell.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 dengan menghitung Eo sel. TP 3

(a) Given that / Diberi bahawa: (b) Given that / Diberi bahawa:
E° (Zn half cell) = –0.76 V E° (Ag half cell) = +0.80 V

E° (Zn setengah sel) = –0.76 V E° (Ag setengah sel) = +0.80 V

E° (Fe half cell) = –0.45 V E° (Cu half cell) = +0.34 V

E° (Fe setengah sel) = –0.45 V E° (Cu setengah sel) = +0.34 V

Calculate the E° cell value when zinc and Calculate the E° cell value when silver

iron are used as electrodes. and copper are used as electrodes.

Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila zink dan ferum Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila argentum dan
digunakan sebagai elektrod. kuprum digunakan sebagai elektrod.

Solution / Penyelesaian: Solution / Penyelesaian:
E° cell = E° cathode – E° anode E° cell = E° cathode – E° anode

E° sel = E° katod – E° anod E° sel = E° katod – E° anod

(c) Given that / Diberi bahawa: (d) Given that / Diberi bahawa:
E° (Mg half cell) = –2.37 V E° (Pb half cell) = –0.13 V

E° (Mg setengah sel) = –2.37 V E° (Pb setengah sel) = –0.13 V

E° (Zn half cell) = –0.76 V E° (Cu half cell) = +0.34 V

E° (Zn setengah sel) = –0.76 V E° (Cu setengah sel) = +0.34 V

Calculate the E° cell value when Calculate the E° cell value when lead and
magnesium and zinc are used as copper are used as electrodes.
electrodes. Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila plumbum dan
Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila magnesium dan
kuprum digunakan sebagai elektrod.
zink digunakan sebagai elektrod.

Solution / Penyelesaian: Solution / Penyelesaian:
E° cell = E° cathode – E° anode E°cell = E° cathode – E° anode

E° sel = E° katod – E° anod E° sel = E° katod – E° anod

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

Voltaic Cell

1.3 Sel Kimia

1. Voltaic cell is a device that can convert energy to energy.
. TP 1
Sel kimia ialah alat yang boleh menukarkan tenaga kepada tenaga

2. Diagram 1 shows a Daniell cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah sel Daniell. TP 4

V

Salt bridge: HH22SSOO44
Titian garam:

Copper electrode Zinc electrode
Elektrod kuprum Elektrod zink

CCuuSSOO4(4a(ak)q) ZZnnSSOO4(4a(ak)q)

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

(a) (i) Anode / Anod: is more electropositive than .
.
(ii) Reason: lebih elektropositif daripada
Sebab:

(b) (i) Cathode / Katod: is less electropositif than .
kurang elektropositif daripada .
(ii) Reason:
Sebab:

(c) Half equation / Persamaan setengah:
(i) Anode / Anod:
(ii) Cathode / Katod:

(d) (i) Reducing agent / Agen penurunan:
(ii) Oxidizing agent / Agen pengoksidaan:

(e) Observation / Pemerhatian:

(i) Anode / Anod: become thinner. / semakin nipis
.
semakin tebal.
(ii) Cathode / Katod: becomes thicker. / .

(iii) Electrolyte / Elektrolit: copper(II) sulphate solution turns

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat menjadi .

(f) Inference for 4(e) / Inferens untuk 4(e):

(i) Anode / Anod: dissolves in zinc sulphate solution forming .

larut di dalam laruan zink sulfat membentuk .

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

(ii) Cathode / Katod: is deposited on electrode.
.
terenap pada elektrod .

(iii) Electrolyte / Elektrolit: Concentration of copper(II) ion

Kepekatan ion kuprum(II) .

(g) Electrons flow from to through the external circuit.
Elektron mengalir dari ke melalui litar luar.

(h) (i) is used to complete the circuit by allowing ions to flow from one

beaker to another beaker.

digunakan untuk melengkapkan litar dengan membenarkan ion-ion mengalir dari
satu bikar ke bikar yang lain.

(ii) Replacement solutions for salt bridge / Larutan gantian untuk titian garam:

(iii) Overall ionic equation / Persamaan ion keseluruhan:


Electrolytic Cell

1.4 Sel Elektrolisis

1. Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte in either or

by passing direct through it to break the electrolyte into its constituent

elements.
Elektrolisis ialah penguraian suatu elektrolit dalam atau dengan
membenarkan pengaliran terus melaluinya untuk memecahkan elektrolit kepada unsur-
unsur juzuknya. TP 1

2. Electrolyte is either an aqueous solution or molten substance that contains and

undergoes change when electricity passes through it.
Elektrolit ialah larutan akueus atau larutan yang mengandungi dan mengalami perubahan
apabila elektrik mengalir melaluinya. TP 1

3. Non-electrolyte is either an aqueous solution or molten that only contains and
does not allow electricity to pass through it.
sahaja dan
Bukan elektrolit ialah bahan larutan akueus atau larutan yang mengandungi
tidak membenarkan elektrik mengalir melaluinya. TP 1

4. Electrolytic cell is a device that can convert energy to
energy.
tenaga kepada tenaga
Sel elektrolisis ialah peranti yang boleh menukarkan
. TP 1

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

5. Classify the following substances into electrolyte and non-electrolyte.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan berikut kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit. TP 3

Sucrose solution Potassium chloride solution Lead(II) bromide

Larutan sukrosa Larutan kalium klorida Plumbum(II) bromida

Molten acetamide Molten silver chloride Nitric acid

Leburan asetamida Leburan argentum klorida Asid nitrik



Electrolyte Non-electrolyte

Elektrolit Bukan elektrolit

Extraction of Metal from Its Ore

1.5 Pengesktrakan Logam daripada Bijihnya

1. Extraction of metal from its ore depends on the metal position in the reactivity series:

Pengekstrakan logam daripada bijihnya bergantung kepada kedudukan logam dalam siri kereaktifan: TP 2

(a) Very reactive metals are extracted through electrolysis.

Logam yang sangat reaktif diekstrak secara elektrolisis.

• List three examples of reactive metals – , ,
, ,
Senaraikan tiga contoh logam reaktif –

(b) Less reactive metals are extracted through chemical reduction using carbon.

Logam yang kurang reaktif diekstrak melalui penurunan kimia menggunakan karbon.

• Listthreeexamplesoflessreactivemetals– , ,

Senaraikan tiga contoh logam kurang reaktif – , ,

2. Carbon is easily obtained in the form of coal and is the main reducing agent in metal extraction
because:

Karbon mudah diperoleh dalam bentuk arang batu dan merupakan agen penurunan utama dalam pengekstrakan
logam kerana: TP 3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

3. Extraction of metal causes environmental pollution. State three effects of extraction of aluminium
from bauxite to the environment. TP 4

Pengekstrakan logam menyebabkan pencemaran alam sekitar. Nyatakan tiga kesan pengekstrakan aluminium
daripada bauksit ke atas persekitaran.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Rusting

1.6 Pengaratan

1. Metal corrosion is a chemical process of metals that undergoes reaction through

the of electrons to form metal ions.

Kakisan logam ialah proses kimia apabila logam menjalani tindak balas melalui

elektron untuk membentuk ion logam yang . TP 1

2. Rusting is metal corrosion occurs in and .

Pengaratan ialah kakisan logam yang berlaku pada dan . TP 2

3. Rusting of iron occurs in the presence of and .

Pengaratan besi berlaku dengan kehadiran dan . TP 2

4. More electropositive metal that is in contact with iron will the rusting of iron.
An example of more electropositive metal is .

Logam yang lebih elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi akan pengaratan besi. Contoh
logam yang lebih elektropositif ialah .. TP 3

5. Less electropositive metals that is in contact with iron will the rusting of iron.
An example of less electropositive metal is .

Logam yang kurang elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi akan pengaratan besi.
. TP 3
Contoh logam yang kurang elektropositif ialah

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 1

SPM Practice

Paper 1

Objective Questions / Soalan Objektif

1.1 Oxidation and Reduction B Chlorine gas undergoes C Chlorine water
reduction by gaining
Pengoksidaan dan Penurunan hydrogen forming Air klorin
hydrochloric acid.
1. Which of the following D Acidified potassium
Gas klorin mengalami
occurs during reduction penurunan dengan manganate(VII) solution
penerimaan hidrogen
reaction? membentuk asid Larutan kalium
hidroklorik. manganate(VII) berasid
Antara berikut, yang manakah
berlaku tindak balas semasa C Hydrogen sulphide is 6. The half equation for
tindak balas penurunan? an oxidising agent. the reduction of acidifed
potassium dichromate(VI)
A Gain of oxygen Hidrogen sulfida ialah agen solution is shown as
pengoksidaan. follows.
Menerima oksigen
D Chlorine gas is a Persamaan setengah
B Loss of hydrogen reducing agent. bagi penurunan larutan
kalium dikromat berasid(VI)
Kehilangan hidrogen Gas klorin ialah agen ditunjukkan seperti berikut.
penurunan.
C Gain electron Cr2O72–(aq) + xH+(aq) + ye– →
4. Which of the following is a 2Cr3+(aq) + zH2O(l)
Menerima elektron redox reaction?
Cr2O272C–(ra3+k()a+k)x+Hz+(Ha2kO) (+cey)e– →
D Increase in oxidation Antara berikut, yang manakah
ialah tindak balas redoks? What are the values of x, y
number and z?
A H2SO4 + 2NaOH →
Penambahan nombor Na2SO4 + 2H2O Apakah nilai bagi x, y dan z?
pengoksidaan
B 2HCl + CaCO3 →
2. What is the oxidation CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

number of nitrogen in C Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4
+ Cu
ANpHa4kCahl?nombor pengoksidaan
nitrogen dalam NH4Cl? D K2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 →
A +1 C –1 CaCO3 + 2KNO3 x y z
A 12 7 6
B +3 D –3 5. Which of the following B 12 6 7
substance can convert C 14 7 6
3. Which of the following is iron(III) ion, Fe3+ to D 14 6 7
true about the balanced iron(II) ion, Fe2+?
chemical equation below? 7. The following ionic
Antara berikut, bahan yang equation shows the
Antara berikut, yang manakah manakah boleh menukarkan reaction between bromine
benar mengenai persamaan ion ferum(III), Fe3+ kepada ion water and iron(II) sulphate
kimia seimbang di bawah? ferum(II), Fe2+? solution.

H2S(g) + Cl2(g) → S(s) + 2HCl(g) A Bromine water Persamaan ion berikut
H2S(g) + Cl2(g) → S(p) + 2HCl(g) menunjukkan tindak balas
Air bromin antara air bromin dengan
A Hydrogen sulphide larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
undergoes oxidation B Hydrogen sulphide
by losing hydrogen 2Fe2+(aq) + Br2(aq) →
forming sulphur. Hidrogen sulfida 2Fe3+(aq) + 2Br–(aq)

Hidrogen sulfida 2Fe2+(ak) + Br2(ak) → 2Fe3+(ak) +
mengalami pengoksidaan 2Br–(ak)
dengan kehilangan
hidrogen membentuk
sulfur.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

State the change in the Air klorin dapat 1 1. Which of the following
menyesarkan iodin are true for standard
oxidation number of daripada larutan kalium electrode potential (E°)?
iodida.
bromine in the reaction. Antara berikut, yang manakah
III Chlorine is a stronger benar bagi keupayaan
Nyatakan perubahan nombor reducing agent than elektrod piawai (E°)?
pengoksidaan bromin dalam iodine.
tindak balas tersebut. I The more positive the
Klorin ialah agen E° values, the weaker
A 0 to +1 C 0 to –1 penurunan yang lebih the oxidizing power
B 0 to +2 D 0 to –2 kuat daripada iodin. of an oxidizing agent.

8. Which of the following IV Iodine forms a Semakin positif nilai E°,
purple layer in 1,1,1- semakin lemah kuasa
reactions shows copper trichloromethane. pengoksidaan suatu agen
pengoksidaan.
serves as a reducing agent? Iodin membentuk
Antara tindak balas yang lapisan ungu dalam II The more positive the
berikut, yang manakah 1,1,1-trikloromethana. E° values, the higher
menunjukkan kuprum the ability of atoms to
bertindak sebagai agen A I and III receive electrons.
penurunan?
I dan III Semakin positif nilai E°,
A Cu(NO3)2(aq) + semakin tinggi keupayaan
K2CO3(aq) → CuCO3(s) B I and IV atom untuk menerima
+ +2KKN2COO33((aakq)) elektron.
I dan IV
Cu(NO3)2(ak) III The more negative
→ CuCO3(p) + 2KNO3(ak) C II and III the E° values, the
B CuO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) weaker the reducing
→ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + II dan III power of a reducing
H2O(l) agent.
CCuuO(N(Op)3)+2(a2kH) N+OH32(Oak(c)e→) D II and IV
C Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Semakin negatif nilai E°,
→ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + II dan IV semakin lemah kuasa
2Ag(s) penurunan suatu agen
1.2 SPtoatnendtairadl Electrode penurunan.
CCuu((Np)O+3)22(AagkN) +O32(Aakg)(p→)
Keupayaan Elektrod Piawai IV The more negative the
9. Which of the following E° values, the higher
are true about the 1 0. Which of the following the ability of atoms to
displacement reaction of are the standard release electrons.
halogen from its halide conditions for half cells?
solution? Semakin negatif nilai E°,
Antara berikut, yang manakah semakin tinggi keupayaan
Antara berikut, yang manakah syarat-syarat piawai bagi atom untuk membebaskan
benar mengenai tindak balas setengah sel? elektron.
penyesaran halogen daripada
larutan halida? I Concentration of ions A I and III
0.1 mol dm–3
I Bromine water is able I dan III
to displace chlorine Kepekatan ion 0.1 mol dm-3
from potassium B I and IV
chloride solution. II Temperature 25 oC
I dan IV
Air bromin dapat Suhu 25 oC
menyesarkan klorin C II and III
daripada larutan kalium III Pressure of 1 atm
klorida. II dan III
Tekanan pada 1 atm
II Chlorine water is able D II and IV
to displace iodine IV Carbon is used as an
from potassium iodide inert electrode II dan IV
solution.
Karbon digunakan 1 2. Calculate the E° cell
sebagai elektrod lengai value when magnesium
and copper are used as
A I and III electrodes.

I dan III Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila
magnesium dan kuprum
B I and IV digunakan sebagai elektrod.

I dan IV

C II and III

II dan III

D II and IV

II dan IV

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

[Given that: E° (Mg half 14. In a simple voltaic Which of the following
cell) = –2.37 V; E° (Cu statements are true
half cell) = +0.34 V] cell, zinc and lead are
about voltaic cell?
[Diberi bahawa: E° (Mg immersed into dilute
setengah sel) = –2.37 V; E° Antara berikut, yang manakah
(Cu setengah sel) = +0.34 V] sodium chloride solution. benar tentang sel kimia?

A –2.03 V Voltmeter reading I Copper acts as an the
B +2.03 V
C –2.71 V recorded is 0.63 V. The anode, magnesium
D +2.71 V
voltmeter reading will acts as the cathode.
1.3 Voltaic Cell
increase if Kuprum bertindak sebagai
Sel Kimia anod, magnesium
Dalam sel kimia ringkas, zink bertindak sebagai katod.
13. Which of the following dan plumbum direndam di
statements are true dalam larutan natrium klorida II Magnesium electrode
about voltaic cell? cair. Bacaan voltmeter yang
dicatatkan ialah 0.63 V. becomes thinner.
Antara berikut, yang manakah Bacaan voltmeter akan
benar tentang sel kimia? meningkat sekiranya Elektrod magnesium
semakin nipis.
I A device that can I the concentration
convert electrical III Shiny grey solid is
energy to chemical of sodium chloride
energy. deposited on the
solution is increased.
Suatu alat yang boleh copper electrode.
menukarkan tenaga kepekatan larutan natrium
elektrik kepada tenaga klorida ditambah. Pepejal kelabu berkilau
kimia. terenap pada elektrod
II zinc is replaced with kuprum.
II Oxidation occurs at
the anode of voltaic magnesium. IV Blue copper(II)
cell while reduction
occurs at the cathode. zink digantikan dengan sulphate solution
magnesium.
Pengoksidaan berlaku di turns lighter blue.
anod sel kimia manakala III sodium chloride
penurunan berlaku di Larutan biru kuprum(II)
katod. solution is replaced sulfat menjadi biru muda.

III Lithium battery is an with potassium A I and III
example of a non-
rechargeable cell. chloride solution. I dan III

Bateri litium ialah contoh larutan natrium klorida B I and IV
sel yang tidak boleh dicas digantikan dengan larutan
semula. kalium klorida. I dan IV

IV Lead-acid accumulator IV lead is replaced with C II and III
is an example of
rechargeable cell. silver. II dan III

Akumulator asid plumbum plumbum digantikan D II and IV
ialah contoh sel yang dengan argentum.
boleh dicas semula. II dan IV
A I and III
A I and III 16. Table 1 shows the
I dan III voltmeter readings of
I dan III three voltaic cells.
B I and IV
B I and IV Jadual 1 menunjukkan
I dan IV bacaan voltmeter untuk tiga
I dan IV sel voltan.
C II and III
C II and III Metal Voltmeter Negative
II dan III
II dan III pairs reading (V) terminal
D II and IV
D II and IV Pasangan Bacaan Terminal
II dan IV logam voltmeter (V) negatif
II dan IV
1 5. Diagram 1 shows the XW 1.1 W
simple voltaic cell.
X  Z 1.5 X
Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu
sel kimia ringkas.

Copper V Magnesium Y  Z 0.8 Y

electrode electrode Table 1 / Jadual 1
Elektrod Elektrod
kuprum magnesium

CCuuSSOO4(4a(ak)q) What is the voltmeter
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 reading when W and Y
are used as electrodes?

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

Berapakah bacaan voltmeter apabila W dan Y digunakan sebagai 18. Which of the following
elektrod? ions present in molten
aluminium oxide?
A 0.4 V C 1.8 V
Antara berikut, ion-ion yang
B 0.7 V D 3.4 V manakah hadir dalam leburan
aluminium oksida?
1.4 Electrolytic Cell
A Al2O3
Sel Elektrolisis B Al3+, O2–
C Al3+, H+, O2–
1 7. Table 2 shows the electrical conductivity of substances P, Q D Al3+, H+, O2–, OH–
and R.
1 9. Which of the following
Jadual 2 menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik bahan P, Q dan R. solutions produce chlorine
gas at the anode and
Substance Electrical conductivity hydrogen gas at the
Bahan Kekonduksian elektrik cathode when electricity is
P passed through it?
Solid Molten
Pepejal Leburan Antara berikut, larutan yang
manakah menghasilkan gas
✗✓ klorin pada anod dan gas
hidrogen pada katod apabila
Q✗ ✗ elektrik mengalir melaluinya?

R✓ ✓ I 0.1 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid
Table 2 / Jadual 2
Asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol
Identify substances P, Q and R. dm–3

Kenal pasti bahan P, Q dan R. II 0.1 mol dm–3 sulphuric
acid
PQR
Asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm–3
A
III 0.5 mol dm–3 sodium
B chloride solution

C Larutan natrium klorida 0.5
mol dm–3

IV 0.5 mol dm–3 potassium
nitrate solution

Larutan kalium nitrat 0.5
mol dm–3

A I and III

I dan III

B I and IV

I dan IV

C II and III

II dan III

D II and IV

II dan IV

2 0. Electrolysis of
D concentrated copper(II)

chloride solution using

carbon electrodes.
Which of the following is

the half equation at the

cathode?

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

Elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) A Fe2+ + 2e– → Fe A is oxidised by hot air.
klorida pekat menggunakan B Fe → Fe2+ + 2e–
elektrod karbon. C Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu dioksidakan oleh udara
Antara berikut, yang manakah D Cu → Cu2+ + 2e– panas.
persamaan setengah pada katod?
1.5 EItxstOrarcetion of Metal from B is oxidised by carbon
A 2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e–
B 4OH– → 2H2O + O2 + 4e– Pengesktrakan Logam daripada dioxide.
C Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu Bijihnya
D 2H+ + 2e– → H2 dioksidakan oleh carbon
dioksida.
21. Which of the following 2 3. Which of the following
metals can be extracted metal cannot be extracted C is reduced by carbon.
through electrolysis? using carbon?
diturunkan oleh karbon.
Antara logam berikut, yang Antara berikut, logam yang
manakah dapat diekstrak manakah tidak boleh diekstrak D is reduced by calcium
secara elektrolisis? dengan menggunakan karbon?
carbonate.
I Silver A Lead / Plumbum
B Zinc / Zink diturunkan oleh kalsium
Argentum C Iron / Besi karbonat.
D Magnesium / Magnesium
II Aluminium 1.6 Rusting
24. Diagram 3 shows a blast
Aluminium furnace used in the Pengaratan
formation of metal P
III Sodium when haematite is added 25. Which of the following
and reacted with carbon.
Natrium Metal P is formed when metal will slow down
haematite
IV Copper rusting of iron?
Rajah 3 menunjukkan relau
Kuprum bagas yang digunakan dalam Antara berikut, logam yang
pembentukan logam P apabila manakah dapat memperlahankan
A I and III hematit ditambah dan bertindak pengaratan besi?
balas dengan karbon. Logam P
I dan III terbentuk apabila hematit A Lead / Plumbum
B Copper / Kuprum
B I and IV C Silver / Argentum
D Zinc / Zink
I dan IV
200° C 26. Diagram 4 shows a drop
C II and III of water on the surface of
700° C P an iron block. After a few
II dan III days, a brown substance
1600° C is observed. What is the
D II and IV 2000° C chemical formula of the
brown substance?
II dan IV
Rajah 4 menunjukkan setitis air
22. Diagram 2 shows pada permukaan bongkah besi.
handle P of iron spoons Selepas beberapa hari, bahan
electroplated with copper berwarna perang diperhatikan.
through electrolysis. Apakah formula kimia bagi
During the electroplating bahan berwarna perang
process, what is the half tersebut?
equation for the reaction
that occurs at the cathode? Water droplet
Titisan air
Rajah 2 menunjukkan
pemegang sudu besi yang O2 O2
disadurkan dengan kuprum
secara elektrolisis. Semasa Brown
proses penyaduran, apakah
persamaan setengah bagi Iron block solid
tindak balas yang berlaku di Bongkah besi Pepejal
katod? perang

P Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 A Fe(OH)2
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. B Fe(OH)3
14 C Fe2O3
D Fe2O3·xH2O

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

27. Which of the following 2 8. Diagram 5 shows a Which of the following

metals can speed up polished iron nail coiled statements are true about

the formation of brown with a brown pure Diagram 5 after a day?
Antara berikut, pernyataan
substance on the iron metal in a test tube. It is yang manakah benar
added into agar gel with mengenai Rajah 5 selepas
block? three drops of potassium sehari?
hexacyanoferrate(III)
Antara berikut, logam yang solution and three drops of I Dark blue spots are
manakah mempercepatkan phenolphthalein indicator.
pembentukan bahan berwarna found around the iron
perang pada bongkah besi? Rajah 5 menunjukkan paku
besi yang telah digilap dililit nail.
I Magnesium dengan logam tulen berwarna
perang. Paku tersebut Tompok-tompok biru tua
Magnesium dimasukkan ke dalam gel terdapat di sekitar paku
agar yang mengandungi besi.
II Lead tiga titis larutan kalium
heksasianoferat(III) dan tiga II Pink colouration is
Plumbum titis penunjuk fenolftalein di
dalam tabung uji. formed around the
III Copper
iron nail.
Kuprum
Warna merah jambu
IV Zinc terbentuk di sekitar paku
besi.
Zink
III Iron nail starts to rust.
A I and III Paku besi mula berkarat.
Agar gel + 3 drops Polished
I dan III of potassium iron nail IV Iron nail does not rust.
hexacyanoferrate(III) Paku besi
B I and IV + 3 drops of yang telah Paku besi tidak berkarat.
phenolphthalein digosok
I dan IV indicator A I and III
Gel agar + 3 titis Brown
C II and III larutan kalium pure metal I dan III
heksasianoferat(III) + 3 Logam tulen
II dan III titis penunjuk fenolftalein berwarna B I and IV
perang
D II and IV I dan IV

II dan IV C II and III

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5 II dan III

D II and IV

II dan IV

Paper 2

Subjective Questions / Soalan Subjektif
Section A / Bahagian A

1. The E° values of four half cells are given below:

Nilai E° bagi empat setengah sel diberikan seperti berikut:

Ag+ + e– Ag +0.80 V
+1.36 V
Cl2 + 2e– 2Cl– –0.76 V
Zn2+ + 2e– Zn +0.34 V

Cu2+ + 2e– Cu

(a) State three standard conditions for half cell.

Nyatakan tiga syarat piawai bagi setengah sel.



[3 marks / 3 markah]
15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

(b) Arrange the following species in:

Susun spesies-spesies berikut mengikut:

(i) Descending order of strength as the oxidising agent.

Tertib menurun kekuatan agen pengoksidaan.

[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Ascending order of strength as the reducing agent.

Tertib menaik kekuatan agen penurunan.

[1 mark / 1 markah]
(c) Calculate the E° cell value when zinc and copper are used as electrodes.

Hitungkan nilai E° sel apabila zink dan kuprum digunakan sebagai elektrod.

[2 marks / 2 markah]

2. Based on Diagram 2 on extraction of aluminium from bauxite, Al2O3, answer the following
questions.

Berdasarkan Rajah 2 tentang pengekstrakan aluminium daripada bauksit, Al2O3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

Positive carbon anodes
Anod karbon positif
++++ Negative
carbon

+ cathode
Katod karbon

negatif

– Bauxite, Al2O3
Bauksit, Al2O3
Aluminium / Aluminium

Steel container
Bekas besi

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

(a) Write the half equations for anode and cathode.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi anod dan katod.

Anode / Anod:

[1 mark / 1 markah]

Cathode / Katod:

[1 mark / 1 markah]

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

(b) Explain redox reaction that occurs based on the electron transfer.

Jelaskan tindak balas redoks yang berlaku berdasarkan pemindahan elektron.

(i) Anode / Anod:


[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) Cathode / Katod:

[2 marks / 2 markah]

(c) Identify oxidising and reducing agent.

Kenal pasti agen pengoksidaan dan agen penurunan.

(i) Oxidising agent / Agen pengoksidaan:

(ii) Reducing agent / Agen penurunan:




[2 marks / 2 markah]

3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the electrolysis process using dilute copper(II)
sulphate solution and carbon electrodes. Gas X is produced.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji proses elektrolisis menggunakan larutan kuprum sulfat(II)
sulfat dan elektrod karbon. Gas X terbentuk.

Gas X Dilute copper(II)
Gas X sulphate solution
Larutan kuprum(II)
Carbon sulfat cair
electrodes
Elektrod
karbon

A

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

(a) Name gas X.

Namakan gas X.


(b) Based on anode,

Berdasarkan anod,

(i) Write the half equation.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

(ii) Name the reducing agent.

Namakan agen penurunan.



[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii) Briefly describe a simple verification for the product formed.

Huraikan secara ringkas pengesahan mudah untuk hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk.



(c) Based on cathode, [2 marks / 2 markah]

Berdasarkan katod, [1 mark / 1 markah]
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(i) Name the oxidising agent. [1 mark / 1 markah]
[1 mark / 1 markah]
Namakan agen pengoksidaan.



(ii) Give one observation.

Berikan satu pemerhatian.



(iii) State an inference for the observation in 3(c)(ii).

Nyatakan satu inferens bagi pemerhatian dalam 3(c)(ii).



(d) Write the overall ionic equation for the above electrolysis.

Tuliskan persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi elektrolisis di atas.



4. Diagram 4 shows a U-tube consisting iron(II) sulphate, FeSO4 solution and acidified potassium
dRiacjahhro4mmaetneu(nVjuI)k,kaKn2Ctiur2bO-U7 solution.
ferum(II) sulfat, FeSO4 dan larutan kalium dikromat(VI), K2Cr2O7.
berisi larutan

G
Carbon
electrodes
Elektrod karbon

KA2cCidr2iOfie7(dakK) 2bCerra2Osid7(aq) FFeeSSOO4(4a(ak)q)
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4 HH22SSOO4(4a(ak)q)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 18

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

(a) (i) Identify anode and cathode.

Kenal pasti anod dan katod.

Anode:

Anod:

Cathode:

Katod:

[2 marks / 2 markah]

(ii) Write a half equation to support your answer in 4(a)(i).

Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk menyokong jawapan anda di 4(a)(i).

Anode / Anod:

[1 mark / 1 markah]

Cathode / Katod:

[2 marks / 2 markah]
(b) Identify the oxidising agent and the reducing agent.

Kenal pasti agen pengoksidaan dan agen penurunan.

Oxidising agent / Agen pengoksidaan:



Reducing agent / Agen penurunan: [2 marks / 2 markah]


(c) State the direction of electron flow.

Nyatakan arah pengaliran elektron.



[2 marks / 2 markah]
(d) Write the overall ionic equation.

Tuliskan persamaan ion keseluruhan.

[2 marks / 2 markah]

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium

Section B / Bahagian B

5. Diagram 5 shows a water droplet covers a small area on the surface of an iron block. Brown solid
is formed on the top of iron block surface after a few days. Knowing that rusting is an example of
redox reaction.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan setitis air menutupi satu kawasan kecil pada permukaan blok besi. Pepejal perang terbentuk
di permukaan atas blok besi selepas beberapa hari. Diketahui bahawa pengaratan ialah contoh tindak balas
redoks.

Water droplet
Titisan air

Brown solid
Pepejal perang

Iron block
Bongkah besi

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

(a) State two conditions for rusting. [2 marks / 2 markah]

Nyatakan dua syarat pengaratan.

(b) Identify anode and cathode. Explain the reaction that occurs in anode and cathode with

electron transfer.
Kenal pasti anod dan katod. Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku di anod dan katod dengan pemindahan

elektron. [8 marks / 8 markah]

(c) Write the half equations for anode and cathode. Then, identify the oxidising agent and the

reducing agent.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi anod dan katod. Kemudian, kenal pasti agen pengoksidaan dan agen

penurunan. [6 marks / 6 markah]

(d) Suggest two methods to slow down rusting. For each method, give a reason.

Cadangkan dua cara untuk memperlahankan pengaratan. Bagi setiap satu cara, berikan satu sebab.

[4 marks / 4 markah]

Section C / Bahagian C

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

6. (a) Diagram 6 shows an antique key that was inherited by Amirah’s grandmother. But, the key
has rusted. Amirah wants to electroplate the key with silver. Based on the theory you have
learnt, describe a laboratory activity that can help Amirah to achieve her wish.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan kunci antik yang diwarisi oleh nenek Amirah. Namun, kunci tersebut telah berkarat.
Amirah ingin menyadurkan kunci itu dengan argentum. Berdasarkan teori yang telah anda pelajari, terangkan
aktiviti makmal yang dapat membantu Amirah untuk mencapai hasratnya itu.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 20

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 1 Redox Equilibrium 

In your description, include: [10 marks / 10 markah]

Dalam keterangan anda, sertakan:

• Suitable electrolyte and anode / Elektrolit dan anod yang sesuai

• Procedure / Prosedur
• Two observations / Dua pemerhatian

(b) Metals of different electropositivities that are in contact with iron will affect the rate of rusting.
Describe an experiment to investigate the effect of zinc strip, magnesium strip and copper strip
towards the rusting of an iron nail.

Logam berlainan keelektropositifan yang bersentuhan dengan besi akan mempengaruhi kadar pengaratan.
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan jalur zink, jalur magnesium dan jalur kuprum terhadap
pengaratan paku besi.

In your description, include: [10 marks / 10 markah]

Dalam keterangan anda, sertakan:

• Materials and apparatus / Bahan dan radas
• Procedure / Prosedur
• Results / Keputusan

HOTS Challenge

D iagram above shows a rusted window grill from one of the classrooms in SMK Bukit Tinggi.

The pupils in the classroom reported the broken part of the window grill to their teachers. State

the conditions that cause the rusty window grill. Suggest the cheapest method to overcome this

problem. Explain your suggestion.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan jeriji tingkap berkarat dari salah satu bilik darjah di SMK Bukit Tinggi. Murid di dalam
kelas melaporkan bahagian jeriji tingkap yang rosak kepada guru mereka. Nyatakan keadaan yang jeriji tingkap
pemanggang berkarat. Cadangkan kaedah yang paling murah untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Terangkan cadangan
anda.

[4 marks / 4 markah]

21PAK- Quiz 1
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
21

CHA PTER Carbon Compound

21 Sebatian Karbon

SMART Notes

Homologous series Alkane Alkene Alkyne Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester
Siri homolog Alkana Alkena Alkuna Alkohol Asid karboksilik Ester

General formula CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n–2 CnH2n+1OH CnH2n+1COOH CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
Formula am
C–C C=C CC –OH –COOH –COO
Functional group
Kumpulan berfungsi

• Interconversion between homologous series
Pertukaran antara siri homolog

Alkane Functional
groups
Alkana Kumpulan
berfungsi
Nickel Hydrogenation VIDEO
Nikel Penghidrogenan
180 °C
Hydration Oxidation
Pengoksidaan
Alkene Penghidratan Alcohol Carboxylic acid
Acidified KMnO4(aq) /
Alkena 60 atm, 300 °C, Alkohol Acidified K2Cr2O7 (aq) Asid karboksilik

H3PO4 (aq/ak) KMnO4(ak) berasid /
K2Cr2O7(ak) berasid
Platinum Hydrogenation

Platinum Penghidrogenan

Alkyne Concentrated H2SO4(aq) Esterification
H2SO4(ak) pekat Esterifikasi
Alkuna

Ester

• Chemical properties of homologous series Ester
Sifat kimia siri homologus

Alkane / Alkana Alkene / Alkena Alkyne / Alkuna Alcohol / Alkohol Carboxylic acid / Asid karboksilik

• Combustion • Combustion • Combustion • Combustion • Reacts with reactive metals
Pembakaran Pembakaran Pembakaran Bertindak balas dengan logam
• Substitution Pembakaran • Addition • Oxidation
Penggantian • Addition Penambahan Pengoksidaan reaktif
Penambahan • Hydrogenation • Dehydration • Reacts with alkali solution
• Hydrogenation Penghidrogenan Pendehidratan Bertindak balas dengan larutan
• Halogenation • Reacts with
Penghidrogenan Penghalogenan alkali
• Halogenation • Hydration carboxylic acid • Reacts with metal
Penghalogenan Penghidratan to form ester
• Hydration Bertindak balas carbonates
dengan asid Bertindak balas dengan logam
Penghidratan karboksilik
• Oxidation membentuk ester karbonat
Pengoksidaan • Reacts with alcohol to form
• Polymerisation
Pempolimeran ester
Bertindak balas dengan alkohol

membentuk ester

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 22

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

Types of Carbon Compound

2.1 Jenis-jenis Sebatian Karbon

1. Carbon compound is a substance that contains .

Sebatian karbon ialah bahan yang mengandungi . TP 1

2. (a) Organic carbon compounds are substance that contains atom and

obtained from organisms. dan diperoleh
Sebatian karbon organik ialah bahan yang mengandungi atom

daripada organisma . TP 1

(b) Hydrocarbon is an example of carbon compound that can be classified into

hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon.
Hidrokarbon ialah contoh sebatian karbon yang boleh diklasifikasikan menjadi hidrokarbon

dan hidrokarbon . TP 2

(c) Two main sources of hydrocarbon are and .

Dua sumber utama hidrokarbon ialah dan . TP 2

3. Complete Table 1 for the differences between organic compounds and inorganic compounds.

Lengkapkan Jadual 1 untuk perbezaan antara sebatian organik dan sebatian tak organik. TP 3

Organic compounds Characteristics Inorganic compounds

Sebatian organik Ciri-ciri Sebatian tak organik

Soluble in organic solvent Source Soluble in inorganik
solvent
Larut dalam pelarut organik Sumber
Larut dalam pelarut tak organik
Glucose, fat Melting point boiling point
Carbon dioxide, calcium
Glukosa, lemak Takat lebur takat didih carbonate

Solubility Karbon dioksida, kalsium karbonat

Keterlarutan

Examples

Contoh

Table 1 / Jadual 1

Homologous Series

2.2 Siri Homolog

1. Complete Table 2 for the comparison between three hydrocarbons.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 untuk perbandingan antara tiga hidrokarbon. TP 3

Homologous series Alkane Alkene Alkyne

Siri homolog Alkana Alkena Alkuna

Example Ethane Ethene Ethyne

Contoh Etane Etena Etuna

General formula Table 2 / Jadual 2 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Formula am

Functional group

Kumpulan berfungsi

23

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound (b) HHH
&&&
2. Name the following organic compounds. H!C!C!C!O!H
&&&
Namakan sebatian organik yang berikut. TP 3 HHH

(a)

HHHHH
&&&&&
H!C!C!C!C!C!H
&&&&&

HHHHH

(c) (d)

OHH H HH HH
'&& & && &&
H!O!C!C!C!C!C!C!H H!C#C!C!C!H
&&
&& & && HH
HH H HH

3. Match the organic compounds with their physical properties.

Padankan sebatian organik dengan sifat fizikal masing-masing. TP 2

Octane • • Odourless

Oktana Tidak berbau

Heptene • • Flammable
Mudah terbakar
Heptena

Pentyne • • Soury smell
Berbau masam
Pentuna

Ethanol • • Fragrant smell
Berbau wangi
Etanol

Methanoic acid • • Soluble in water
• Larut dalam air
Asid metanoik
• Very volatile
Ethyl butanoate Mudah meruap

Etil butanoat

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 24

2.3 Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

Chemical Properties and Interconversion of Compounds between Homologous
Series
Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antara Siri Homolog

1. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk tindak balas berikut. TP 3

(a) Combustion of butane in excess oxygen gas.

Pembakaran butana dalam gas oksigen berlebihan.

(b) Combustion of propene in limited oxygen gas.

Pembakaran propena dalam gas oksigen terhad.

(c) Combustion of pentyne in excess oxygen gas.

Pembakaran pentuna dalam gas oksigen yang berlebihan.

(d) Combustion of propanol in limited oxygen gas.

Pembakaran propanol dalam gas oksigen terhad.

(e) Hydration of ethene gas at 180 oC in the presence of nickel powder.

Penghidratan gas etena pada suhu 180 oC dengan kehadiran serbuk nikel.

25 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

(f) Oxidation of ethanol in acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

Pengoksidaan etanol dalam larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid.

(g) Reaction between ethanol and butanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Tindak balas antara etanol dan asid butanoik dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat.

2. Complete Table 3 by naming the products formed.

Lengkapkan Jadual 3 dengan menamakan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk. TP 3

Reactants Product

Bahan tindak balas Hasil tindak balas

EEttehnean+eH+2OH2O (a)

PPrrooppeennae++BrB2 r2 (b)

Ethyne + H2 (c)

Etuna + H2

Table 3 / Jadual 3

3. Ethanoic acid is a colourless liquid that can react with the following chemical substances. Write an
ionic equation for each reaction and state an observation.

Asid etanoik ialah cecair tak berwarna yang boleh bertindak balas dengan bahan kimia berikut. Tuliskan persamaan
ion bagi setiap tindak balas dan nyatakan satu pemerhatian. TP 3

(a) Magnesium powder / Serbuk magnesium
Ionic equation / Persamaan ion:

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 26

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

Observation / Pemerhatian:

(b) Marble chips / Ketulan marmar.
Ionic equation / Persamaan ion:

Observation / Pemerhatian:

(c) Sodium hydroxide solution / Larutan natrium hidroksida.
Ionic equation / Persamaan ion:

Observation / Pemerhatian:

4. Methanol and ethanoic acid react through a chemical process to form an ester. A catalyst is used
in this process.

Metanol dan asid etanoik bertindak balas melalui suatu proses kimia untuk membentuk ester. Suatu mangkin
digunakan dalam proses ini.

(a) Name the process.

Namakan proses ini. TP 1

(b) Name the catalyst used.

Namakan mangkin yang digunakan. TP 1 ]

(c) Name the ester formed.

Namakan ester yang terhasil. TP 2

(d) State three physical properties of the ester formed.

Nyatakan tiga sifat fizik ester yang terhasil. TP 3

– Produces smell

Menghasilkan bau

– Has melting point and boiling point

Mempunyai takat lebur dan takat didih yang

– in water

dalam air

27 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

Isomers and Naming Based on IUPAC Nomenclature

2.4 Isomer dan Penamaan mengikut IUPAC

1. Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same

but different .
Isomerisme ialah fenomena apabila lebih daripada satu sebatian mempunyai yang
sama tetapi yang berbeza. TP 1

2. Compound P is having a general formula of CnH2n–2, n=4.

Sebatian P mempunyai formula am CnH2n–2, n=4.

(a) Name compound P.

Namakan sebatian P. TP 2

(b) Draw two isomers of compound P. Then, name the isomers according to the IUPAC
nomenclature.

Lukiskan dua isomer bagi sebatian P. Kemudian, namakan isomer-isomer tersebut mengikut sistem
penamaan IUPAC. TP 3

3. Table 4 shows two structural formulae of ester. Name each ester. Then, identify the carboxylic acid
and alcohol used to prepare the ester.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan dua formula struktur ester. Namakan setiap ester. Kemudian, kenal pasti asid karboksilik
dan alkohol yang digunakan untuk menyediakan ester tersebut. TP 3

(a) (i) Name / Nama:

HHH '&OHH (ii) Carboxylic acid / Asid karboksilik:
&&& &&
H!C!C!C!C (iii) Alcohol / Alkohol:
&&& O!C!C!H
HHH &&
HH

(b) (i) Name / Nama:

HH '&OH (ii) Carboxylic acid / Asid karboksilik:
&&
(iii) Alcohol / Alkohol:
H!C!C!C &
&&
HH O!C!H Table 4 / Jadual 4
&
28
H

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

SPM Practice Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

2

Paper 1

Objective Questions / Soalan Objektif

2.1 TCyopmepsooufnCdarbon 2. Which of the following What is the percentage
are the examples of of carbon by mass in
Jenis-jenis Sebatian Karbon unsaturated hydrocarbon? compound P?

1. Which of the following Antara berikut, yang manakah Berapakah peratusan karbon
is true about saturated contoh hidrokarbon tak tepu? mengikut jisim dalam sebatian
hydrocarbon? P?
I
Antara berikut, yang manakah A 80.00%
benar tentang hidrokarbon II B 82.76%
tepu? C 85.71%
III D 88.89%
I A compound that
contains hydrogen IV 4. One mole of alkane is
atoms and carbon completely burnt in excess
atoms only. A I and III oxygen gas. Which alkane
produces carbon dioxide
Sebatian yang I dan III gas and water in the mole
mengandungi atom ratio of 3:4?
hidrogen dan atom karbon B I and IV
sahaja. Satu mol alkana terbakar dengan
I dan IV lengkap dalam gas oksigen
II A compound that yang berlebihan. Alkana yang
contains hydrogen C II and III manakah menghasilkan gas
atoms, carbon atoms karbon dioksida dan air dalam
and other non-metal II dan III nisbah mol 3:4?
atoms.
D II and IV A Methane
Sebatian yang mengandungi
atom hidrogen, atom II dan IV Metana
karbon dan atom bukan
logam yang lain. 2.2 Homologous Series B Propane

III A compound that Siri Homolog Propana
contains only carbon-
carbon single bonds. 3. Diagram 1 shows the C Ethane
structural formula of
Sebatian yang hanya compound P. Etana
mengandungi ikatan karbon
tunggal. Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula D Butane
struktur sebatian P.
IV A compound that Butana
contains carbon-carbon HHHH
double bonds. &&&& 5. Diagram 2 shows the
H!C!C!C!C!H structural formulae of two
Sebatian yang mengandungi &&&& organic compounds, X and
ikatan karbon ganda dua. HHHH Y.

A I and III Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 Rajah 2 menunjukkan formula
struktur dua sebatian organik,
I dan III X dan Y.

B I and IV H HH
& &&
I dan IV H!C"C!C!C!H

C II and III &&&
HHH
II dan III
X
D II and IV

II dan IV

29 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

HHH HHHH A Both compounds have
&&& &&&& high melting point and
H!C"C!C!C!C!H H!C!C!C!C!OH boiling point.
&&&&& &&&&
HHHHH HHHH Kedua-dua sebatian
mempunyai takat lebur dan
Y S takat didih yang tinggi.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 B Both compounds have
the same functional
Which property belongs to Which compound group.
both compounds? produces the most soot?
Kedua-dua sebatian
Sifat yang manakah dimiliki Sebatian yang manakah mempunyai kumpulan
oleh kedua-dua sebatian itu? menghasilkan paling banyak berfungsi yang sama.
jelaga?
A Boiling point C Both compounds
A P have different general
Takat didih B Q formulae.
C R
B Relative molecular D S Kedua-dua sebatian
mass mempunyai formula am
8. Which of the following are yang berbeza.
Jisim molekul relatif the physical properties of
C Number of isomers CAn2Hta5raObHe?rikut, yang manakah D Both compounds are
non-flammable.
Bilangan isomer sifat-sifat fizik C2H5OH?
Kedua-dua sebatian tidak
D Solubility in water I High melting point and murdah terbakar.
Keterlarutan di dalam air boiling point
1 0. Colourless compound
Takat lebur dan takat didih Q is having a general
6. Which of the following yang tinggi formula CnH2n+1COOH.
It is normally found in
is an unsaturated II Colourless liquid with vinegar. What is the name
hydrocarbon? sharp smell of compound Q?

Antara berikut, yang manakah Cecair tak berwarna yang Sebatian Q yang tak berwarna
hidrokarbon tak tepu? berbau tajam mempunyai formula am
CnH2n+1COOH. Sebatian ini
A CH2CHC(CH3)3 III Insoluble in water kebiasaannya dijumpai di
dalam cuka. Apakah nama
B CH3(CH2)3CH3 Tidak larut di dalam air sebatian Q?

C CH3CHCH3CH2CH3 IV Highly flammable A Formic acid

D CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH3 Mudah terbakar Asid formik

7. Diagram 3 shows the A I and III B Ethanoic acid
structural formulae of four
compounds, P, Q, R and S. I dan III Asid etanoik

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula B I and IV C Methanoic acid
struktur empat sebatian, P, Q,
R dan S. I dan IV Asid metanoik

HHHH C II and III 11. Which of the following
&&&& is the physical property
H!C!C!C!C!H II dan III of a compound with
&&&& the general formula
HHHH D II and IV CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1?

P II dan IV Antara berikut, yang manakah
merupakan sifat fizik bagi
HHHH 9. Myra is given two reagent sebatian yang memiliki formula
&&&& bottles labelled with am CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1?
ethanol and butanol.
H!C!C!C"C Which of the following
&& & statements is true about
both compounds?
HH H
Myra diberi dua botol reagen
Q yang dilabel sebagai etanol
dan butanol. Pernyataan yang
HH manakah benar mengenai
&& kedua-dua sebatian tersebut?
H!C#C!C!C!H
&&
HH

R

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 30

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

A High density C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 14. Which of the following are

Ketumpatan yang tinggi P Q R produced when butene

B Very soluble in water Diagram 4 / Rajah 4 and butyne are burnt in

Sangat larut air Which of the following excess oxygen gas?

C High boiling point statement is true about the Antara berikut, yang manakah
dihasilkan apabila butena dan
Takat didih yang tinggi three hydrocarbons? butuna terbakar dalam gas
oksigen yang berlebihan?
D Has sweet odour Antara berikut, pernyataan
yang manakah benar tentang I Carbon dioxide
Mempunyai bau yang wangi ketiga-tiga hidrokarbon?
Karbon dioksida
12. Which of the following A P, Q and R are
properties is correctly unsaturated II Carbon monoxide
matched with its hydrocarbons.
homologous series? Karbon monoksida
P, Q dan R merupakan
Antara berikut, sifat yang hidrokarbon tak tepu. III Carbon
manakah dipadankan dengan
betul dengan siri homolognya? B P is unsaturated Karbon
hydrocarbon, Q
A Ethanol – Colourless and R are saturated IV Water vapour
liquid with pungent hydrocarbons.
smell Wap air
P ialah hidrokarbon tak
Etanol – Cecair tak tepu, Q dan R ialah A I and III C II and III
berwarna yang berbau hidrokarbon tepu.
sengit I dan III II dan III
C P can turn brown
B Butyne – Colourless bromine water to B I and IV D II and IV
gas in room condition colourless but Q and R
cannot. I dan IV II dan IV
Butuna – Gas tak berwarna
pada keadaan bilik P boleh menukarkan warna 1 5. Compound P with a
perang air bromin kepada
C Ethanoic acid – tak berwarna tetapi Q dan molecular formula of C3H4
Colourless liquid that is R tidak boleh. is added with a few drops
used to preserve fruits
D Q and R can turn of brown bromine water.
Asid etanoik – Cecair tak brown bromine water
berwarna yang digunakan to colourless but P Name the product formed.
untuk mengawet buah- cannot. Sebatian P dengan formula
buahan molekul bCe3bHe4rdaiptaamtibtiashakiar n
Q dan R boleh menukarkan dengan
D Ethyl butanoate – warna perang air bromin bromin perang. Namakan hasil
Colourless gas that kepada tak berwarna tetapi tindak balas tersebut.
produces pineapple smell P tidak boleh.
A 1,2-dibromoprop-1-ene
Etil butanoat – Gas 1,2-dibromoprop-1-ena
tak berwarna yang
menghasilkan bau nanas B 1,2-dibromoprop-2-ene
1,2-dibromoprop-2-ena
2.3 HaCCnhoodmemmIponioltcoueagrnlocdPousrnsobvSpeeeetrrrwsitieieoesensnof
C 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoprop
Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran
Sebatian antara Siri Homolog -1-ene
1,1,2,2-tetrabromoprop-1-ena
13. Diagram 4 shows the
molecular formulae D 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoprop
of three different
hydrocarbons. -2-ene
1,1,2,2-tetrabromoprop-2-
Rajah 4 menunjukkan formula ena
molekul bagi tiga hidrokarbon
yang berbeza. 16. Equation below shows the conversion of butene to butanol
through process Q.

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan penukaran butena kepada butanol
melalui proses Q.

CH3CH " CHCH3 + H2O H3PO4 CH3&CHCH2CH3

!!!!!:
300 °C, 60 atm

OH

31 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

Name process Q. Rajah 5 menunjukkan cuka dan 1 9. Diagram 6 shows the
kerajang aluminium. Diketahui structural formula of
Namakan proses Q. bahawa cuka mengandungi compound R.
asid etanoik. Apabila kerajang
A Oxidation aluminium ditambahkan ke Rajah 6 menunjukkan formula
dalam cuka, gelembung tak struktur sebatian R.
Pengoksidaan berwarna diperhatikan. Gas
P hadir di dalam gelembung H '&OH
B Dehydration yang tak berwarna tersebut. & &
Namakan gas P. H!C!C
Pendehidratan & O!C!H
H &
C Hydration H
Penghidratan
D Esterification Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Pengesteran Name the reactants used

17. Nicol is given two beakers to form compound R.
with colourless solutions.
Knowing that the two Namakan bahan tindak
colorless solutions are balas yang digunakan untuk
ethanol and ethanoic acid. menghasilkan sebatian R.
Which of the following
chemicals can effectively Diagram 5 / Rajah 5 A Ethanol + ethanoic
differentiate ethanol from
ethanoic acid? A Hydrogen chloride gas acid
I Zinc powder
Gas hidrogen klorida Etanol + asid etanoik
Serbuk zink
B Hydrogen gas B Ethanol + methanoic
II Copper powder
Gas hidrogen acid
Serbuk kuprum
C Oxygen gas Etanol + asid metanoik
III Blue litmus paper
Gas oksigen C Methanol + ethanoic
Kertas litmus biru
D Carbon dioxide gas acid
IV Red litmus paper
Gas karbon dioksida Metanol + asid etanoik
Kertas litmus merah
D Methanol + methanoic
A I and III
acid
I dan III
Metanol + asid metanoik
B I and IV

I dan IV
20. Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up for a reaction.
C II and III
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu tindak balas.
II dan III
Porcelain chips
D II and IV Serpihan porselin

II dan IV Glass wool Heat Ethene
soaked with Panaskan Etena
1 8. Diagram 5 shows the ethanol
vinegar and aluminium Wul kaca Water
foil. Knowing that, direndam Air
vinegar contains ethanoic di dalam
acid. When aluminium etanol
foil is added to vinegar,
colourless bubbles are Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
observed. Gas P presents
in the colorless bubbles. Name this reaction.
Name gas P. Namakan tindak balas ini.

A Oxidation C Decomposition
Pengoksidaan Penguraian

B Hydrogenation D Dehydration
Penghidrogenan Pendehidratan

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 32

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

21. Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set-up to convert ethanol to 2 4. Diagram 9 shows the
ethanoic acid. structural formula of
compound Q.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menukarkan etanol kepada
asid etanoik. Rajah 9 menunjukkan formula
struktur sebatian Q.

Ethanol Heat Cold water HH
Etanol Panaskan Air sejuk &&
Distillate H!C!C#C!C!H
+ (ethanoic acid) &&
Potassium manganate(VII) Hasil sulingan HH
(asid etanoik)
solution Diagram 9 / Rajah 9
Larutan kalium manganat(VII)
Name compound Q.
+
Dilute sulphuric acid Namakan sebatian Q.

Asid sulfurik cair A Butane

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8 Butana

Name another reagent that can replace potassium B Butene

manganate(VII) solution. Butena

Namakan reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan larutan kalium C Butyne
manganat(VII).
Butuna
A Potassium dichromate(VI) solution
D Butanol
Larutan kalium dikromat(VI)
Butanol
B Potassium chromate(VI) solution
2 5. Which of the following
Larutan kalium kromat(VI) are not the isomers for
hydrocarbon with the
C Phosphoric acid molecular formula of
CAn5Hta1ra0?berikut, yang manakah
Asid fosforik
bukan isomer bagi hidrokarbon
D Iron(II) sulphate solution dengan formula molekul C5H10?

Larutan ferum(II) sulfat A Pent-2-ene

2.4 IosnomIUePrAaCnNdoNmaemnicnlgatBuarseed C Compounds that have Pent-2-ena
the same molecular
Isomer dan Penamaan mengikut formula but different B 2-methylbut-2-ene
IUPAC structural formulae.
2-metilbut-2-ena
22. What are isomers? Sebatian-sebatian yang
mempunyai formula C Pent-3-ene
Apakah isomer? molekul yang sama tetapi
formula struktur yang berbeza. Pent-3-ena
A Compounds that have
the same molecular D Compounds that have D 3-methylbut-1-ene
formula and structural the same general
formula. formula and structural 3-metilbut-1-ena
formula.
Sebatian-sebatian yang 2 6. Compound M has a
mempunyai formula Sebatian-sebatian yang general formula of
molekul dan formula mempunyai formula am CnH2n+1OH. Name
struktur yang sama. dan formula struktur yang compound M when n = 4.
sama.
B Compounds that have Sebatian M mempunyai
different molecular 2 3. How many isomers are fNoarmmualkaaunmsuembaCtianHn 2Mn+1OapHa.bila
formulae but the same n = 4.
structural formula. there in butane?
Berapakah bilangan isomer A Ethanol
Sebatian-sebatian yang dalam butana?
mempunyai formula Etanol
molekul berbeza tetapi A 1 C 3
formula struktur yang sama. B Propanol
B 2 D 4
Propanol

C Butanol

Butanol

33 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

2 7. Which of the following C HH O
is the correct structural &&
formula of propanoic acid? O

Antara berikut, yang manakah
formula struktur asid propanoik
yang betul?

A O

'
C

H OH
'H!C!C!CH!CH HH
&& &&&
'HH
'

'
&
& O!H O!C!C!C!H
&
&&&
&
&D HHH HHH
&&&
&O

H!C!C!C!C Diagram 10 / Rajah 10
&&&
HHH O!H A Methyl ethanoate

B H O 28. Diagram 10 shows the Metil etanoat
& structural formula of ester
R. This ester produces B Propyl methanoate
H!C!C apple smell. Name ester R.
& Propil metanoat
H OH Rajah 10 menunjukkan
formula struktur ester R. Ester C Ethyl methanoate
ini menghasilkan bau epal.
Namakan ester R. Etil metanoat

D Methyl propanoate

Metil propanoat

Paper 2

Subjective Questions / Soalan Subjektif
Section A / Bahagian A

1. Table 1 shows the structural formulae of three hydrocarbons, X, Y and Z.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi tiga hidrokarbon, X, Y dan Z.

HHH HH H
&&& && &
H!C!C!C!H C"C!C!H H!C!C#C!H
&&& & && &
HHH H HH H

X Y Z

Table 1 / Jadual 1

(a) State the general formula for each hydrocarbon X, Y and Z.

Nyataka n formula am bagi setiap hidrokarbon X, Y dan Z.

X:
Y:
Z:

(b) State the name for each hydrocarbon X, Y and Z. [3 marks / 3 markah]
[3 marks / 3 markah]
Nyatakan nama bagi setiap hidrokarbon X, Y dan Z.

X:
Y:
Z:

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 34

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

(c) 4 g of propyne is burnt in excess oxygen gas at room condition.
[Relative atomic mass: H1, C12, O16; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]

4 g propuna terbakar dalam gas oksigen yang berlebihan pada keadaan bilik.
[Jisim relatif atom: H1, C12, O16; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the complete combustion of propyne.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk menunjukkan pembakaran propuna yang lengkap.

[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) Calculate the maximum volume of the gas formed as a product.

Hitungkan isi padu maksimum gas yang terbentuk sebagai hasil tindak balas.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(iii) Then, name the gas.

Kemudian, namakan gas tersebut.

[1 mark / 1 markah]



2. Diagram 2 shows a conversion reaction of compound P, C2H4 into compound Q by process I.
Compound Q is then heated in the presence of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution to

produce compound R through process II. dCik2Hro4mmaet(nVjaI)dbi esreabsaidtiaunntQukmmeelanlugihapsroilksaens I. Sebatian
Rajah 2 menunjukkan tindak balas penukaran sebatian P, sebatian R
Q kemudian dipanaskan dengan kehadiran larutan kalium
melalui proses II.

CoSmebpaotuianndP,PC, 2CH24H4 Process I Compound Q Process II Compound R
Proses I
Sebatian Q Proses II Sebatian R

H2O
(H3PO4, 300oC, 60 atm)

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

(a) Name compound P, Q and R.

Namakan sebatian P, Q dan R.

P:

Q:

R:

[3 marks / 3 markah]

35 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

(b) Name process I and II.

Namakan proses I dan II.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(c) A few drops of bromine water is added into a test tube containing compound P. The mixture
is shaken vigorously.

Beberapa titis air bromin ditambahkan ke dalam tabung uji yang berisi sebatian P. Campuran digoncang
dengan kuat.

(i) Write one observation.

Tulis satu pemerhatian.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(ii) Give your reason.

Berikan alasan anda.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(d) Based on process II,

Berdasarkan proses II,

(i) What is the colour change of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution?

Apakah perubahan warna pada larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid?

[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the conversion in process II.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk menunjukkan penukaran dalam proses II.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

3. Diagram 3 shows the structural formula for aspirin. Aspirin, a derivative of salicylic acid, is an

example of analgesic that is used as a painkiller.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur aspirin. Aspirin, terbitan asid salisilik, ialah contoh analgesik yang digunakan
sebagai ubat tahan sakit.

HO
&'

HC C
C C OH
&'
H
&
CC
H C O!C!C!H
& '&

H OH

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 36

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

(a) (i) Identify all elements that present in aspirin.

Kenal pasti semua unsur yang hadir dalam aspirin.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(ii) State the molecular formula and empirical formula of aspirin.

Nyatakan formula molekul dan formula empirik aspirin.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(iii) Calculate the molar mass of aspirin.
[Relative atomic mass: H1, C12, O16]

Hitungkan jisim molar aspirin.
[Jisim atom relatif: H1, C12, O16]

[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b) Two tablets of aspirin are added into a glass of warm water and stirred until they are completely

dissolved. Then, a spatula of crushed eggshells is added into the mixture.

Dua tablet aspirin ditambahkan ke dalam segelas air suam dan dikacau sehingga larut sepenuhnya.
Kemudian, satu spatula kulit telur yang dihancurkan ditambahkan ke dalam campuran tersebut.

(i) State one observation.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian.



[2 marks / 2 markah]

(ii) Explain your observation.

Terangkan pemerhatian anda.



[2 marks / 2 markah]
37 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

Section B / Bahagian B

4. (a) Diagram 4 shows the conversion process of butene with hydrogen gas through a hydrogenation
reaction. During hydrogenation reaction, catalyst X is added and the mixture is heated to y oC
to form compound Z.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan proses penukaran butena dengan gas hidrogen melalui tindak balas penghidrogenan.
Semasa tindak balas penghidrogenan, mangkin X ditambahkan dan campuran dipanaskan sehingga y oC
untuk membentuk sebatian Z.

BBuutteennae +  H2 Catalyst X / Mangkin X Compound Z
y oC
Sebatian Z

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

(i) Draw the structural formula of butene and write the balanced chemical equation for the

complete combustion of butene in excess oxygen.

Lukiskan formula struktur butena dan tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk pembakaran
butena dalam oksigen berlebihan.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) Identify catalyst X, temperature y and compound Z.

Kenal pasti mangkin X, suhu y dan sebatian Z.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii) Draw all isomers of compound Z and name them according to the IUPAC nomenclature.

Lukiskan semua isomer sebatian Z dan namakan semua isomer tersebut mengikut sistem penamaan
IUPAC.

[4 marks / 4 markah]

(b) Butyne, butene, butanol and butanoic acid are four organic compounds with the same

number of carbon atoms per molecule but from different homologous series. Construct a table

to compare their homologous series, general formulae and functional groups.

Butuna, butena, butanol dan asid butanoik ialah empat sebatian organik dengan bilangan atom karbon
per molekul yang sama bagi setiap molekul tetapi daripada siri homolog berbeza. Bina satu jadual untuk
membandingkan siri homolog, formula am dan kumpulan berfungsi.

[10 marks / 10 markah]

Section C / Bahagian C

5. (a) Given that the compositions by mass of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are 52.3%, 13.3%, 34.4%

respectively and the molar mass of compound M is 46 g mol–1.
[Relative atomic mass: H1, C12, O16]

Diberi komposisi dengan jisim bagi karbon, hidrogen, oksigen masing-masing ialah 52.3%, 13.3%, 34.4% dan
jisim molar sebatian M ialah 46 g mol–1.
[Jisim atom relatif: H1, C12, O16]

(i) Determine empirical formula and molecular formula of compound M.

Tentukan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi sebatian M.

(ii) Write the general formula and homologous series of compound M.

Tuliskan formula am dan siri homolog sebatian M.

(ii) Draw the structural formula of compound M. Then, name compound M according to the

IUPAC nomenclature.

Lukiskan formula struktur sebatian M. Kemudian, namakan sebatian M mengikut sistem penamaan
IUPAC.

[9 marks / 9 markah]

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 38

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 2 Carbon Compound 

(b) Compound M is then converted to unsaturated compound N through dehydration reaction.

Sebatian M kemudian ditukarkan menjadi sebatian tak tepu N melalui tindak balas pendehidratan.

(i) Briefly describe how you carry out dehydration reaction.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda menjalankan tindak balas pendehidratan.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the dehydration reaction and name compound N
formed.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas pendehidratan tersebut dan namakan
sebatian N yang terbentuk.

(iii) Briefly describe two chemical tests to confirm compound N formed is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon.

Huraikan secara ringkas dua ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan sebatian N yang terbentuk ialah
hidrokarbon tak tepu.

(iv) State two physical properties of compound N.

Nyatakan dua sifat fizik sebatian N.

[11 marks / 11 markah]

HOTS Challenge

Diagram below shows two types of fuel at Vell petrol station. Knowing that the chemical formula

for diesel is C12H24, whereas the chemical formula for RON 95 petrol is C8H20. Discuss which fuel
releases more soot to the environment.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua jenis bahan api di stesen minyak Vell. Diketahui bahawa formula kimia bagi
dmieesmebl eiablaashkCan12Hle2b4,ihmbaannaykaaklajefolargmauklae kimia bagi petrol RON 95 ialah C8H20. Bincangkan bahan api yang manakah
persekitaran.

21PAK- Quiz 2
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
39

CHA PTER Thermochemistry

31 Termokimia

SMART Notes

• All chemical reactions involve energy changes.
Semua tindak balas kimia melibatkan perubahan tenaga.

Chemical reactions

Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
Tindak balas eksotermik Tindak balas endotermik

• Releases heat to the surroundings. • Absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Menyerap haba dari persekitaran.
Membebaskan haba ke persekitaran.
• Final thermometer reading is lower than the
• Final thermometer reading is higher than the initial thermometer reading.
initial thermometer reading.
Bacaan termometer akhir lebih rendah daripada bacaan
Bacaan termometer akhir lebih tinggi daripada bacaan termometer awal.
termometer awal.
• Energy contents of reactants is lower than the
• Energy contents of the reactants is higher than products.
the products.
Kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas lebih rendah
Kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas lebih tinggi
berbanding hasil tindak balas. berbanding hasil tindak balas.

Energy Energy
Tenaga Tenaga

Reactants Reactants Products
Bahan tindak balas Bahan tindak Hasil tindak balas

ΔH = –x kJ mol–1 balas ΔH = +x kJ mol–1

Products
Hasil tindak balas

Heat of precipitation / Haba pemendakan Heat of neutralisation / Haba peneutralan

Heat change when 1 mole of precipitate is formed Head change when 1 mole of water is formed from
from the reaction of its solutions. the neutralisation between acid and alkali solution.
Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol mendakan terbentuk Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol air terbentuk daripada
daripada tindak balas larutannya. peneutralan antara larutan asid dan larutan alkali.

Heat of reation
Haba tindak balas

Heat of displacement / Haba penyesaran Heat of combustion / Haba pembakaran

Heat change when 1 mole or metal is displaced Heat change when 1 mole of fuel is burnt
from its solution by a more electropositive metal. completely in excess oxygen gas.
Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol logam disesarkan daripada Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol bahan api terbakar dengan
larutannya oleh logam yang lebih elektropositif. lengkap dalam gas oksigen yang berlebihan.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 40

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 3 Thermochemistry 

Heat Change in Reactions

3.1 Perubahan Haba dalam Tindak Balas

1. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.

Isikan tempat kosong untuk melengkapkan pernyataan-pernyataan berikut.

(a) All chemical reactions involve . TP 1

Semua tindak balas kimia melibatkan .

(b) Thermochemistry is a branch of chemistry studying the during chemical
reactions. TP 1
semasa tindak balas kimia.
Termokimia ialah cabang kimia yang mengkaji

(c) There are two types of chemical reactions which involve energy changes: TP 1

Terdapat dua jenis tindak balas kimia yang melibatkan perubahan tenaga:

(i) reaction – chemical reaction that releases heat energy.

Tindak balas – tindak balas kimia yang membebaskan tenaga haba.

(ii) reaction – chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy.

Tindak balas – tindak balas kimia yang menyerap tenaga haba.

(d) Heat of reaction (∆H) refers to heat energy or heat energy
in a chemical reaction. TP 1
atau tenaga haba yang
Haba tindak balas (ΔH) merujuk kepada tenaga haba yang
dalam tindak balas kimia.

Heat of Reaction

3.2 Haba Tindak Balas

1. Fill in the blanks with correct answers. or

Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul. TP 1 atau

(a) Precipitate is formed through a chemical reaction known as .
.
.
Mendakan terbentuk melalui tindak balas kimia yang dikenali sebagai
.

(b) Heat of precipitation is the heat change when

Haba pemendakan ialah perubahan haba apabila

2. Arthur and Ahmad carried out an experiment to investigate the heat of precipitation between
50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm–3 silver nitrate solution and 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm–3 potassium chloride
solution. The initial temperature of silver nitrate solution was 28 oC while potassium chloride
solution was 29 oC. After the two solutions were mixed together, the highest temperature achieved
was 37.5 oC.

[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 oC–1; Density of water = 1.0 g cm–3]

Arthur dan Ahmad telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji haba pemendakan antara 50 cm3 larutan
argentum nitrat 0.5 mol dm–3 dengan 50 cm3 larutan kalium klorida 0.5 mol dm–3. Suhu awal larutan argentum nitrat
ialah 28 oC manakala larutan kalium klorida ialah 29 oC. Setelah kedua-dua larutan itu dicampurkan, suhu tertinggi
yang dicapai ialah 37.5 oC.
[Muatan haba tentu air = 4.2 J g–1 oC–1; Ketumpatan air = 1.0 g cm–3]

41 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

  Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 3 Thermochemistry

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang. TP 2

(b) Write a balanced ionic equation.

Tuliskan persamaan ion yang seimbang. TP 2

(c) Calculate the number of moles for both solutions.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi kedua-dua larutan. TP 2

(d) Calculate the temperature change.

Hitungkan perubahan suhu. TP 3

(e) Calculate the heat change for the precipitation reaction.

Hitungkan perubahan haba bagi tindak balas pemendakan tersebut. TP 3

(f) Calculate the heat of precipitation of the reaction.

Hitungkan haba pemendakan bagi tindak balas tersebut. TP 3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 42

Chemistry  Form 5  Chapter 3 Thermochemistry 

(g) Draw the energy level diagram for the heat of precipitation.

Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi haba pemendakan tersebut. TP 3

(h) Potassium chloride solution is replaced with sodium chloride solution of the same concentration
and volume. Predict and explain the new results obtained.

Larutan kalium klorida digantikan dengan larutan natrium klorida yang mempunyai kepekatan dan isi padu
yang sama. Ramalkan dan terangkan keputusan baharu yang diperoleh. TP 4

– obtained is the same, which is –151.2 kJ mol–1.

yang sama diperoleh iaitu –151.2 kJ mol–1.

– The same precipitate is formed, which is .
.
Mendakan yang sama terbentuk, iaitu

– The same of precipitate formed.

mendakan yang terbentuk adalah sama.

3. Fill in the blanks with correct answers. electropositive metal is added
electropositive metal ion.
Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul. TP 1
elektropositif ditambahkan
(a) Displacement reaction occurs when a elektropositif.
to a solution that contains a
.
Tindak balas penyesaran berlaku apabila logam yang
ke dalam larutan yang mengandungi ion logam yang ..

(b) Heat of displacement is the heat change when

Haba penyesaran ialah perubahan haba apabila

4. Ramesh and Shawn carried out an experiment to investigate the heat of displacement when zinc
powder was added into 200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution until excess. The initial
temperature of lead(II) nitrate solution was 28.0 oC and the highest temperature achieved was
54.7 oC.

[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 oC–1; Density of water = 1.0 g cm–3]

Ramesh dan Shawn telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji haba pemendakan apabila serbuk zink
dimasukkan ke dalam 200 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm–3. Suhu awal larutan plumbum(II) nitrat ialah
28.0 oC dan suhu tertinggi yang dicapai ialah 54.7 oC.
[Muatan haba tentu air = 4.2 J g–1 oC–1; Ketumpatan air = 1.0 g cm–3]

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang. TP 2

43 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.