Hamro Serophero 2

5 tfk / o;sf ;|ft] x?

x/] f}“, ae' mf}“ / 5nkmn u/f“M}

 dfly lrqdf s] b]vfOPsf] 5 <
 tkfO{Fsf] 3/df s'g sg' tfksf ;|f]t k|of]u ul/G5g\ <
 k[YjLdf tfksf] k|dv' ;|f]t s'g xf]nf <
tfk zlQmsf] k|sf/ dWo] Ps xf] . tfk eGgfn] sg' } j:t' slt tftf] jf lr;f] 5 eGg]
a'lemG5 . tfk j:t'nfO{ 5f]P/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . aNb} u/]sf] d}gaQL w]/} tftf]
xG' 5 eg] a/km w]/} lr;f] xG' 5 . k|sfz h:t} tfk klg xfd|f nflu clt cfjZos
5.

tfksf ;|f]tx? M

tfk lbg] j:t'x? tfksf ;|f]t x'g\ . vfgf ksfpg, nu' f ;s' fpg, la?jf x'ls{g
tfk rflxG5 . tfk geP xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gf}F .

46 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

tfksf ;|f]tx? b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M
!= k|fjm[lts ;|f]t
@= dfgj lgld{t ;|f]t
!= k|fjm[lts ;|f]t
k|j[mltn] k|bfg u/]sf tfksf ;|f]t k|fj[mlts ;|f]t x'g\ . ;o" {, tfksf] k|d'v

k|fj[mlts ;|f]t xf] . UofF;, k]6«f]n, dl6\6t]n klg k|fj[mlts ;|f]t xg' \ . logLx?af6
w]/} tfkzlQm k|fKt x'G5 . logLx?nfO{ hldg dl' gaf6 lgsflnG5 / k|;f]wg
ul/G5 .

@= dfgj lgld{t ;|f]t
dflg;n] agfPsf tfksf ;|f]t dfgj lgld{t ;|f]t x'g\ . logLx? cfk"mn] rfx]

cg;' f/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 47

k|foM ;o" {, UofF;, k]6«f]n, lx6/ cflbaf6 tfk pTkfbg xg' ] /}5, x}g t < To;f]eP
tfksf] k|of]u s]df ul/G5 xf]nf <
tfksf] k|of]u
 nu' f ;'sfpg
 vfgf ksfpg
 hf8f] dlxgfdf Gofgf] kfg{ ul/G5 .

3fddf n'uf ;'sfPsf]
vfgf ksfpFb} u/]sf]
l;/sleq a;]sf]

hf8f] dlxgfdf xfdL afSnf] nu' f nufpF5f}F . /ftL ;'Tbf klg l;/s cf]9]/ ;T' 5f}F .
o;n] z/L/nfO{ Gofgf] /fV5 .
ufpF3/df vfgf ksfpg bfp/f jf u'O{F7f afNg] ul/G5 . cfhef]ln lahn' Lsf] d2tn]
w]/} tfksf ;|f]tx? rN5g\ . h:t} cfO/g, lx6/ cflb .

s pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

!= tfk s;/L yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 <
@= tfksf ;|f]tx? slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ < gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= tfksf] k|d'v ;|f]t s] xf] <
$= s:tf ;|f]t tfksf dfgj lgld{t ;|f]t xg' \ <
%= tfk s]sf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 <

48 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

v tkfO{sF f] 3/df k|ofu] x'g] tfksf ;f| t] x?sf] l6kf6] ug{x' f;] \ .

u tfksf ;f| ]tnfO{ k|sf/;Fu hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

k|fj[mlts
;|f]t
dfgj

lgld{t ;|f]t

3 kl/of]hgf sfo{M

rf6{ k]k/df tfksf] s'g} Pp6f ;|f]tsf] lrq agfO{ /ª eg'{xf];\ . To;nfO{
NofP/ sIfsf] leQfdf 6fF:gx' f]; .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 49

6 Wjlg / o;sf ;|ft] x?

x]/f,“} a'emf}“ / 5nkmn u/f“M}

 dflysf lrqx?df s] b]vfOPsf] 5 <
 tkfO{Fn] s'g sg' Wjlgsf] ;|f]t b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
 tkfO{FnfO{ s:tf] vfnsf] cfjfh dg k5{ <
Wjlg klg Ps lsl;dsf] zlQm xf] . of] j:t'sf] sDkGgaf6 lg:sG5 . xfdLn] xfd|f]
sfgn] ;'Gg ;Sg] sDkgnfO{ Wjlg elgG5 . Wjlg eg]sf] cfjfh xf] . Wjlg k|fo M
h;f] ;a} j:tx' ?af6 lg:sG5 . hgfj/ / r/fr?' ª\uLn] klg cfjfh lgsfN5g\ .
r6\ofª\u kbf{ cfjfh cfpF5 . xfdL af]Nbf cfjfh cfpF5 . /]l8of] / l6eLaf6 klg
cfjfh lg:sG5 . o;/L cfjfh lg:sg] j:tx' ? g} Wjlgsf ;|f]t xg' \ . ;a} k|sf/
sf] cfjfh /fd|f] ;'lgFb}g . uLt aHbf jf afhf ahfpFbf lg:sg] Wjlg ld7f] ;l' gG5 .
uf8f u8' \bf, 7"nf] cfjfhdf l:ks/ 3GsfpFbf lg:sg] Wjlg ss{; x'G5 . w]/} 7n" f]

50 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

cfjfhn] xfd|f] sfgnfO{ xflg k'¥ofpF5 . w]/} ;do;Dd 7"nf] cfjfh lg:sg] 7fpFdf
a:bf xfdL sfg g;'Gg] klg xg' ;S5f}F .

sf/vfgf÷uf8f u'8]sf]
uLt ufpFsf]÷sf]OnL s/fPsf] lrq

Pp6} lsl;dsf] cfjfh ;a}nfO{ dgk5{ eGg] x'Fb}g . Pp6fnfO{ dgkg]{ cfjfh
csf]{nfO{ dg gkg{ ;S5 . sg' } cfjfhn] cfgGb lbnfpF5 eg] s'g}n] lbSs
agfpF5 .

xfd|f] j/k/ w]/} Wjlgsf ;|f]tx? kfOG5g\ . hgfj/, r/f, dfG5]n] Pscsf{;Fu s'/f
ug{ cfjfh lgsfN5g\ . xfd|f] sfgn] cfjfh lrGg ;Sg] Ifdtf /fV5g\ .

cfjfh s;/L lg:sG5 t < j:t' 7f]Ssfpsf]
 j:t'x?nfO{ Ps cfk;df 7f]SsfpFbf tfnL ahfPsf]
 j:tn' fO{ hf]8n] 76fpFbf /]l8of] agfPsf]
 ljBt' \sf] k|of]u u/]/

cfjfh ;'Ggsf nflu tLgj6f s/' f rflxG5 M
 cfjfhsf] ;|f]t h:t}M /]l8of], l6le
 cfjfh n}hfg] dfWod h:t}M xfjf, kfgL
 ;'Gg] cª\u h:t}M sfg

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 51

s pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

!= Wjlg eg]sf] s] xf] <
@= Wjlgsf s'g} rf/ ;|f]tx? n]Vgx' f];\ .
#= 7"nf] cfjfh cfO/xg] 7fpFdf lsg a:g x'Fb}g <
$= cfjfh ;'Ggsf nflu rflxg] tLgj6f s/' f s] s] x'g\ <

v tkfOF{nfO{ dgkg{] cfjfhdf xl/of] / dg gkg]{ cfjfhdf /ftf] /ª\
nufpgF x' f;] \ M

yk8L ahfPsf]

k|];/ s's/sf]
cfjfh

u lzIfs;Fu sIff aflx/ hfg'xf];\ . ca uf]nf] 3/] fdf plegx' f];\ . Pshgf
;fyLnfO{ aLrdf pEofP/ cfvF fdf ?dfn afFlwlbgx' f];\ . ca kfn} kfnf]
afN] g'xf];\ / ;fyLnfO{ lrGg nufpFgx' f];\ . aLrdf pleg]n] h;sf] cfjfh
lrGg'xG' 5 pxfF km/] L aLrdf pleP/ bfx] f]¥ofpgk' 5{ .

52 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

3 tkfOnF{ fO{ s:tf] cfjfh dgk5{ < lsg < nV] gx' f;] \ . ca sIffdf ;fyLx?nfO{
klg ;g' fpg'xf;] \ .

============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================

ª kl/ofh] gf sfo{ M

tkfO{Fsf] 3/df ePsf rf/j6f Wjlgsf ;|f]tx? l6Kg'xf];\ . ca ltgLx?dWo]
sg' } Pssf] lrq agfO{ /ª\ eg{'xf];\ M

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 53

7 r'Das / ljB't\

x/] f,“} a'emf“} / 5nkmn u/fM}“

lahn' L lgsfNg] ljBt' sf ;|f]t
;fOsnsf] 8fOgf]df, h]g]/]6/, Aof6«L sf] lrq

 dfly lrqdf s] s] b]vfOPsf] 5 <
 tkfO{Fn] ltgLx?dWo] sg' s'g b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
 tL j:tx' ? s] sf nflu k|of]u ul/G5g\ <

r'Das

54 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

kmnfd jf kmnfdsf j:t' tfGg ;Sg] j:t'nfO{ rD' as elgG5 . rD' as w]/} cfsf/
k|sf/sf xG' 5g\ . rD' assf] k|of]u u/]/ w]/} pks/0fx? agfOG5 . r'Dassf] cfsf/
cg';f/ o;n] j:t'x? cfk"mlt/ tfG5 . 7"nf] r'Dasn] cln 6f9fsf] tfG5 eg] ;fgf]
n] glhs}sf] tfG5 r'Dasaf6 pTkGg zlQmnfO{ r'DasLo zlQm elgG5 . rD' asnfO{
w]/} ljBt' Lo pks/0fdf k|of]u ul/Psf] xG' 5 .

r'Dassf] k|of]u w]/} lsl;dn] ul/G5 . lb;f kQf nufpFg r'Das k|of]u ul/G5 .
Pp6f rD' asnfO{ wfuf]df e'm08\ofOof] eg] pQ/–blIf0f lbzf b]vfP/ /f]lsG5 . st}
c8\lsPsf] kmnfdn] ag]sf] j:t' tfGg klg o;sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . s'g} ld>0faf6
kmnfd 5'6\ofpg klg rD' as k|of]u ul/G5 .

pQ/ blIf0f b]vfP/sf] r'Das e'ml08Psf]
DofUg]l6s sDkf;sf] lrq
afn'jf / kmnfdsf] lsNnfaf6 r'Dasn] lsNnf
tfg]sf]

ljBt' \

xfdLn] sIff ! df ljBt' \sf] af/]df kl9;s]sf 5f}F . ljB't\ eg]sf] lahn' L xf] . ljB't\
Ps k|sf/sf] zlQm g} xf] . ljB't\ w]/} h:tf] kfgLaf6 pTkfbg ul/G5 . o;nfO{
hnljBt' \ elgG5 . ljB't\ k]6«f]n, l8hnh:tf OGwgaf6 klg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 55

kf]naf6 tf/ xF'b} xfO8«f]kfj/ KnfG6 df nu]sf] lrq
agfpg]

o;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] ljBt' tf/af6 7fpF 7fpFdf k'¥ofOG5 . tkfO{Fx?n] cfˆgf] 3/
j/k/ kf]ndf tf/ b]Vge' Psf] xf]nf ToxL tf/af6 ljB't\ Nofpg] ul/G5 .
xfdLnfO{ ljBt' geO{ xF'b}g . cfhef]ln t ufpF g ;x/ ;a} 7fpFdf ljB't k'u]sf]
5 . l6eL x]g{, /]l8of] ;G' g, df]afOn rnfpg, cgnfOg sIff lng klg ljB't\ g}
rflxG5 .

cgnfOg sIff lnFb} u/]sf] lrq
/fO; s's/df vfgf ksfPsf]

dfly lrqdf b]vfOPsf ;a} sfo{sf] nflu ljBt' \ rflxG5 . sIff – ! df t tkfO{Fn]
klg cgnfOg sIff k9\ge' of] xf]nf . ljB't\ gx'g] xf] eg] Tof] ;Dej lyPg .

56 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

Aof6L«, ;f}o{ phf{, kfgL cflbaf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'G5 eGg] s/' f t yfxf kfpg'eof]
lg, x}g < ca cfpg'xf];\ Pp6f k|of]u u/f}F .

Pp6f Aof6«L, tf/, aNa, :jLr lng'xf];\ . ca oL j:t'sf] k|of]u u/]/ aNa
afnf}F .

tf/ :jLr aNa
Aof6«L

lzIfssf] ;xof]un] u/]/ x]g'{xf];\ M
!= :jLr ckm ubf{ aNa lgE5 .
@= :jLr cg ubf{ ana aN5 .
ljBt' \sf sf/0f b3' {6gf klg xg' ;S5 . To;}n] hyfefjL tf/ ;dfTg], ljB'tLo
pks/0f;Fu v]Ng] ug'{ x'Fb}g . gfª\uf] tf/df 5'g' xF'b}g . kfgL ePsf] jf rL;f] 7fpFdf
ljBt' \sf] tf/ /fVg' x'Fb}g . l:jr vf]Nbf jf aGb ubf{ xf]l;of/ /xgk' 5{ .

s pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

!= rD' as eg]sf] s] xf] <
@= r'Das k|of]u u/]/ s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 <
#= kfgLaf6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ s] elgG5 <
$= ljB't\ s] s] af6 pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 57

v Pp6f rD' as lngx' f];\ / tnsf j:t'nfO{ tfGg'xf;] \ . sg' j:t'nfO{ tfG5,
s'gnfO{ tfGg ;Sbg} sf]7fdf nV] g'xf;] \ .

u tkfOFs{ f] 3/df ePsf] ljBt' a\ f6 rNg] ;fdfgsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf;] \ M

ljBt' af6 rNg] ;fdfgsf] gfd sfd

!= ================================= =============================================================
@= ================================= =============================================================
#= ================================= =============================================================
$= ================================= =============================================================
%= ================================= =============================================================

58 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

3 tkfOFn{ ] cgnfOg sIff lnFbf ljB'tn] s;/L ;xofu] u/]sf] lyof] sIffdf
;'gfpg'xf];\ .

ª kl/of]hgf sfo{ M

cfk"mn] b]v]sf] sg' } Pp6f r'Das k|of]u ePsf] / ljBt' k|of]u ug]{ j:ts' f]
lrq agfpgx' f];\ jf 6fF;]/ /ª eg{'xf];\ M
r'Dassf] k|of]u

ljBt' \sf] k|of]u

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 59

3xfd|f] ;d'bfo

;db' fosf] lrq agfpg], To;df :jf:Yo rf}sL, ljBfno,
j8fsfo{no b]lvg] lrq agfpg]

60 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

1 /fd|f] afgL l;sf} F

x]/f“,} ae' mf}“ / 5nkmn u/f“}M

kf7sf] b'O{ tLgj6f lrq /fVg]

 tkfO{F cfk"meGbf 7n" f] / ;fgf];Fu s;/L af]Ng'x'G5 <
 tkfO{Fn] efO alxgLnfO{ slxn] ufnL ug{'ePsf] 5 <
 tkfO{F k;n jf c:ktfndf kfnf] s'g'{xG' 5 <
sIffsf]7fdf a;]/ k9\bf, n]Vbf jf cGo s[ofsnfkx¿ ubf{ cgz' fl;t eP/
ug'{k5{ . c?nfO{ afwf k'Ug] sfd slxNo} ug'{ x'Fb}g . cgz' f;g xfd|f] uxgf xf] .
cg'zfl;t eof}F eg] dfq c?n] xfdLnfO{ ;w}F dfof u5{g\ . xfdLn] ;wF} 3/kl/jf/
ljBfno tyf cGo 7fpFx¿df cgz' flift aGg'k5{ .

lrq M sIffsf]7fdf cg'zflift eP/ lzIfsn] k9fPsf] ;G' b}
u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿ / lzIfsn] k9fpb} u/]sf]

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 61

c?;Fu af]Nbf ;w}+ ld7f] af]Ng'k5{ . s;};Fu ems]{/ s/' f ug{' xFb' }g . ;Eo dflg;sf]
lrgf/L g} ld7f] af]nL xf] . 3/, kl/jf/, 5/l5d]s, ljBfno / c? 7fpFx¿df ;d]t
ld7f] af]ln ug{'k5{ .

dfGohgx¿sf] cuf8L gd| eP/ af]Nb} u/]sf] lrq

cfkm"eGbf 7'nf / dfGohgx¿nfO{ ;wF} cfb/ ;Tsf/ ug{'k5{ . pxfFx¿sf] s/' f
Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg'k5{ / cx|fPsf] dfGgk' 5{ . cfdf, a'af / u'?sf] s'/f slxNo} sf6\g'
xF'b}g .

62 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

;fyLx¿;Fu v]Nbf v]nsf] lgodx¿sf] kfngf ug'{k5{ . cGhfgdf s]xL ulNt
e}xfNof] eg] t?' Gt} dfkmL dfUgk' 5{ . gl/;fOsg xFl;nf] cgx' f/n] ldlnhn' L v]n
v]Ng'k5{ . v]ndf xf/ lhtnfO{ ;xh ¿kdf l:jsf/ ug{'k5{ . v]n ;lsO;s]kl5
;fyL;Fu /dfOnf] ;Fu csf]{ k6s klg v]nf}nf elg 5'6\gk' 5{ .

cfkme" Gbf 7n' f / dfGohgx¿nfO{ ;Fw} cfb/ ;Tsf/ ug{'k5{ .
pxfx¿sf] s/' f Wofgkj' {s ;'Gg'k5{ / c¥xfosf] s'/f dfGg'k5{ .
cfdf, aa' f / u?' sf] s/' f slxNo} sf6\g' x'b}g .

c:ktfn, sfof{no / ;fj{hlgs 7fpFx¿df hfbf kª\lSta4 eP/ a;L cfˆgf]
kfnf]df dfq sfddf hfg] afgL ug'{k5{ . dlGb/df k'hf ug{ hfFbf, a}s+ df k};f
/fVg jf lgsfNg hfFbf ;w}F cfkme" Gbf cl3 k'u]sf dflg;x¿eGbf k5fl8 kª\lStdf
a:g'k5{ .

s'g} -c:ktfndf_ nfOgdf cgz' flift eP/ kfnf] kv{b}
u/]sf] lrq

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 63

s lrq x/] L dl' gsf sf7] fdf /fd|f] afgLsf nflu xl/of] / g/fdf| ] afgLsf nflu
/ftf] /ª eg{x' f;] \ M

c:ktfndf kfnf] s'g{
nfOgdf pleP/ a;]sf
lrq

dlGb/sf] jl/k/L kmf]xf]/ d}
nf kmfNb} u/]sf] lrq

cfkm'eGbf ;fgfnfO{ 7'nfn]
s'6\b} u/]sf] lrq

sIffdf lzIfsn] k9fO{/x]sf] jj' fcfdfn] s]xL eGb} u/]sf]
j]nfdf s]6fs]6Lx¿ v]Nb} u/] j]nf Pp6f ;fgf] s]6fn] Wofg
sf] lrq lbP/ ;'Gb} u/]sf] lrq

64 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

v ldNg] pQ/ 5fGg'xf;] \ M

!= sIffsf]7fdf ;w}F =============== a:g'k5{

c_ emu8f ubf}{ cf_ l:y/ eP/ O_ le8ef8 ub}{

@= c:ktfndf lrlsT;ssf] kfnf] s'bf{ =================

c_ k|lt:kwf{ ug'{k5{ cf_ kª\lStj4 eP/ a:gk' 5{

O_ ;a}eGbf cufl8 hfgk' 5{
#= cgz' f;g xfd|f] ====================== xf] .

c_ n'uf sk8f cf_ ;DklQ O_ uxgf

$= xfdLn] ;wF} ;a};Fu =============== af]ln af]Ngk' 5{ .

c_ ld7f] cf_ z'4 O_ ?vf]

u pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

!= xfdL s:tf] eof}F eg] ;a}n] dfof u5{g\ <

@= xfdLn] c?;Fu s:tf] af]ln af]Ng'k5{ <

#= s;sf] s/' f slxNo} sf6\g' xF'b}g <

$= ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Nbf s]xL ulNt e}xfNof] eg] s] ug'{k5{ <

%= kªl\ Stj4 eP/ kfnf] kvg{ k' g{] sg' } rf/ jf6] f 7fpxF ¿sf] gfd nV] gx' f;] \ .

^= k|fy{gf ;s]/ sIffsf]7fdf hfFbf tkfOF{x¿ s;/L hfg'xG' 5 < o;f] lsg ug'{
k/]sf] xf]nf <

3 kl/of]hgf sfo{ M

tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf ePsf jf /fd|f afgLx¿ sfkLdf l6Kg'xf];\ . ca tL afgLx¿nfO{
sIffdf ;fyLx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 65

2 cfk;L ;/;xofu] / dn] ldnfk

x/] f,“} ae' mf}“ / 5nkmn u/fM“}

kf7sf] b'O{ tLgj6f lrq /fVg]

 tkfO{F ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'G5 <
 tkfO{Fsf] 7fpFdf s:tf s:tf ;femf 7fpFx¿ 5g\ <
 tkfO{Fsf] 3/af6 glhs} kg]{ c:ktfn sl6 6f8f 5 <

xs{ axfb/' nfO{ xfd|f] ufpFsf ;a}n] lrG5g\ . w]/} /fO{÷lnDj' klx/gdf Ps
ldng;f/ ePsfn] xf]nf ufpFn]x¿n] pgnfO{ æxs]{ $)–%) jif]{ ;dfh ;]
bfOÆ eg]/ af]nfpF5g\ . pgL klg xs{ axfb/' eGbf jL h:tf] b]lvg] ufpFn]
æxs]{ bfO{Æ eg]/ af]nfPsf] dg k/fpF5g\ . cfˆgf] dfG5] .
5/l5d]s / ufpF3/ j/k/ s;}nfO{ s]xL cK7\of/f]
k¥of] eg] pgL kl' uxfN5g\ / ;s]sf] ;xof]u u5{g\ .
c?;Fu klg ;xof]u h6' fpg cu|;/ x'G5g\ . pgn]
eg]kl5 ufpF el/ s;}n] klg gfO gf:tL ub}{gg\ .

66 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

lrq M d7 dlGb/, kw]/f] wf/f, rf}tf/f] cflb
;fdflhs 7fpFdf ;/;kmfO{ ub}{ u/]sf], lrq

xfd|f] ufpFdf dlGb/, kfgL kFw]/f], v]Ng] rf}/, auF}rf, ljBfno, xf6 ahf/ h:tf
;femf 7fpFx¿ 5g\ . ufpFsf ;a} dflg;x¿ ldn]/ o:tf 7fpFx¿sf] ;/;kmfO /
hu]gf{ ug]{ u5{g\ . dlGb/ j/k/, kfgLsf] wf/f / ysfO dfg]{ rf}tf/f] j/k/ s;}n]
kmf]xf]/ ub}{gg\ . s;}n] kmf]xf]/ u/]sf] b]v] eg] c?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpF5g\ / Tof]
s/' f] xs]{ bfOsf] sfgdf klg k'U5 . t'?Gt Tof] 6f]nsf dflg;x¿ e]nf xG' 5g\ xs]{
bfOsf] /xf]e/df ulNt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ km]/L o:tf] gug{ egL ;DemfOG5 . To;kl5
To:tf] ulNt bf]xf]l/Fb}g . xs]{ bfO xfd|f] j8fsf j8fcWoIf klg xg' \ . pgL c;n
sfd ug]{ JolQm ePsfn] g} pgsf] s'/f s;}n] sf6\b}gg\ .

lrq M ljdf/LnfO{ ufpFsf dflg;x¿n] c:ktfn
nfgnfO{ :6]r/df /fv]/ glhs} /f]ls/fv]sf]
/]8qm;sf] PDjn' ]G; ;Dd nfb} u/]sf] lrq

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 67

ufpFdf sf]xL ladf/L ePsf] yfxf x'gf;fy ;a} hDdf eP/ k|fylds pkrf/ ug{
;xof]u u5{g\ . ;~rf] gxf]nf h:tf] nfUof] eg] xs]{ bfO g} cl3 ;/]/ ænf} c:ktfn
n}hfg' k5{, ;a} hDdf x'g'k¥of]Æ eGb} ;a}nfO{ pbL{ u5{g\ . o;/L ;a}hgf ldn]/
ladf/LnfO{ :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf k'¥ofpF5g\ . s;}sf] 3/df d/Ld/fpm k¥of]
eg] ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 ;/;xof]u u5{g\ .

xfd|f] j/k/sf l5d]lsx¿ v]ltkfltsf] sfddf klg Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{
u5{g\ . xfdL klg c?sf]df sfd kbf{ ;3fp5f}+ / c?n] klg xfdLnfO{ kbf{ ;xof]u
u5{g\ . cfk;df s'g} g/fd|f] emu8f x'Fb}g . o:tf] aflgn] 5/l5d]s / ;dfhdf ;a}
hgf ldlnh'nL v'lz;fy lhjgofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

xs]{ bfO slxn]sflxF xfd|f] ljBfnodf klg cfpF5g\ . w]/}h;f] s]6fs]6Lx¿n] pgnfO{
lrG5g\ . 6f8}af6 æp Û xs]{bfO cfpg' eof] ÛÆ eGb} Ps cfk;df s/' fsfgL
u5{g\ . xfd|f u?' –u'?cfdfx¿n] ljBfnodf xfdL ;a}nfO{ cfk;df ldlnh'nL
k9\g], n]Vg] ug'{k5{ / v]Nbf, sfd ubf{ Ps cfk;df slxNo} emu8f ug{' xF'b}g
eGg' ePsf] 5 . xfdL Tof] s/' f ;w}F Vofn u5f}{F . xs]{ bfOn] klg slxn]sflxF xfd|f
u?' x¿;Fu sIffdf cfP/ o:t} 1fg ug' sf s/' f eGg'xG' 5 . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] æ;a}
hgf ;wF} c;n aGg'k5{Æ eGg] s/' f d ;wF} ;DemG5' .

68 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

s dflysf] kf7 k9/] vfln 7fpFdf pko'Qm zAbx¿ eg'{xf];\ M

!= xs{ axfb'/nfO{ ufpFsf ;a}n] æ============================Æ eg]/ af]nfp5g\ .
@= ufpFsf ;femf 7fpFx¿sf] ;a}n] ldn]/ =================== ug{'kb{5 .
#= xs]{bfO j8fsf j8f ================ klg x'g\ .
$= ;a} ufpFn]x¿ ldn]/ ladf/LnfO{ ============ jf ============= df k'¥ofpF5g\ .
%= xfd|f ==============n] ljBfnodf xfdL ;a}nfO{ ldlnhn' L k9\g' k5{ /

cfk;df emu8f ug'{xFb' }g eGge' Psf] 5 .

v ug{' kg{] s'/fnfO{ -_ / ug{ gx'g] s'/fnfO{ -_ lrGx nufpFg'xf];\ M

!= xfdL ;an} ] Ps cfk;df ldlnhn' L k9g\ ,] nV] g] / vN] g] ugk{' 5{ .

@= d7–dlGb/ / kfgLsf] wf/f j/k/ kmf]xf]/ ug{'k5{ .

#= ladf/L ePsf] dflg;nfO{ c:ktfn n}hfg'k5{ .

$= ulNt s]xL eof] eg] dfkmL dfUg'k5{ .

%= xfdLn] c?sf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{' x'Fb}g .

^= xfdL ;wF} c;n aGgk' 5{ .

u tnsf k|Zgx¿ Ps cfk;df ;f]Wg'xf;] \ / 5f6] f] pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M

! xs]{ bfOsf] k'/f gfd s] xf] <
@= xs]{ bfOsf] ufpFdf ePsf sg' } b'O j6f ;femf 7fpFx¿ sg' s'g xg' \ <
# xs{ axfb/' ljBfnodf cfpFbf s]6fs]6Lx¿n] 6f9faf6 b]v] eg] s]

eG5g\ <
$ cGhfgdf s]xL ulNt e}xfNof] eg] s] ug{'k5{ <

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 69

3 pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

!= xs]{ bfOsf s/' f lsg c?n] sf6\g ;Sb}gg\ <
@= sf]xL dflg; ladf/L ePdf sfxf nfgk' 5{ < lsg <
#= tkfO{Fsf] 6f]n÷ufpFdf ePsf s'g} $ cf]6f ;femf ;DklQx¿ -7fpFx¿_

n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= u?' , u'?cfdfx¿n] xfdLnfO{ s] s/' f l;sfpgx' 'G5 <

ª tnsf] lrqdf dg kg]{ /ª eg{'xf;] \ M

r kl/of]hgf sfo{ M

tkfO{Fsf] 6f]n÷ufpFdf cyjf j8fdf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw sf] xg' 'x'G5 < kQf
nufP/ jxfFsf] af/]df n]Vgx' f];\ .

70 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

3 ;g]{ / g;g{] /f]ux¿

x/] f}“, ae' mf}“ / 5nkmn u/fM}“

ljleGg /f]ux? nfu]sf] a'emfpg] $÷% j6f
lrqx? agfg]

 tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf ePsf rf/j6f /f]usf] gfd eGgx' f];\ <
 sf]le8 – !( s:tf] /f]h xf] <
 /f]u nfUg glbg s] ug{ ;lsG5 <
ljleGg dfWodn] Ps JolQmaf6 csf]{ JolQmdf ;g]{ /f]ux¿nfO{ ;?jf /f]u elgG5 .
o:tf /f]ux¿ Ps dflg;af6 csf]{ dflg;df ;lhn} u/L ;g]{ ub{5g\ . ?3fvf]sL,
emf8fkvfnf nt' f], l6=aL=, 7]pnf, cfpF, x}Fhf, Pr=cfO=eL= P8\;, cflb ;?jf÷
;g]{ /f]ux¿ x'g\ .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 71

!= ?3fvf]sLM ;g]{ /f]ux¿ dWo] ?3fvf]sL lrq M ?ufvf]sL nfu]sf]
;fdfGo vfnsf] /f]u xf] . of] bl" ift dflg;sf]
xfjfkfgLsf sf/0f nfUg] ub{5 . /f]uL
JolQmn] vf]Sbf jf xfR5\o"F ubf{ :j:y lrq emf8f kvfnf nfu]
JolQmdf ;g]{ ub{5 . vf]Sbf jf xfR5\oF" sf] dflg;sf]
ubf{ ?dfn xftn] /fd|f];Fu gfs dv'
5f]Kg' kb{5 .

@= emf8fkvfnfM af;L tyf ;8]un]sf
vfFgf vfFbf / /fd|f];Fu xft ;kmf gu/L
vfg]s'/f vfFbf of] /f]u nfUg] ub{5 . /f]u
nfu]sf] JolQmn] vn' f 7fpFdf lb;flk;fa
ubf{ ;d]t of] /f]usf ls6f0f' kfgLdf
ldl;G5g\ . Tof] kfgL gpdfnL lkpFbf
cGo JolQmdf /f]u ;g{ ;Sb5 .

#= sf]eL8– !(M of] clxn] b]lvPsf] gofF

;?jf /f]u xf] . of] sf]/f]gf efO/;sf

sf/0fn] nfUg] ub{5 . of] /f]u nfUbf lrq M sf]/f]gf nfu]sf]

pRr Hj/f] cfpg], ?3fvf]sL nfUg] emNsfpg] lrq

h:tf nIf0f b]lvG5g\ . /f]uL JolQmn]

vf]Sbf, xfR5\o" ubf{ / k|of]u u/]sf

;fdu|Laf6 of] efO/; ;g]{ ub{5 . of]

/f]uaf6 aFRg df:s nufpFg],

;fag' kfgLn] ldlrldlr xft wg' ] / ;fdflhs b/' L sfod ug{' kb{5 .

72 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

g;g]{ /f]ux¿

lrq M s]xL g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf dflg;sf] lrq

Ps JolQmaf6 csf]{ JolQmdf g;g]{ /f]ux¿nfO{ g;g]{ /f]u elgG5 . o:tf /f]ux¿
/f]uL JolQmaf6 cGo JolQmdf ;g]{ ub}{gg\ . o:tf /f]ux¿ sdhf]/ z/L/ jf cGo
zf/Ll/s u8al8sf sf/0fn] pTkGg xg' ] ub{5g\ . h:t} M dwd' ]x, pRr /Qmrfk,
SofG;/, d'6'/f]u cflb .

s ;g{] / g;g]{ /f]uaLr km/s nV] gx' f;] \ M

;g{] /fu] x? g;g{] /fu] x?

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 73

v pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

!= emf8f kvfnf /f]u s] sf/0fn] nfU5 <
@= sf]le8–!( /f]u nfu]sf] s;/L yfxf x'G5 <
#= sg' } tLg ;g]{ /f]usf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ <
$= sg' } tLg g;g]{ /f]usf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ <
%= ?3fvfsLaf6 aFRg s] ug'{k5{ <

u tnsf egfOx¿ l7s eP -_ / j]l7s eP -_ lrXg nufpgF 'xf];\ .

!= zl// sdhf]/ eof] eg] /f]u nfUg ;S5 .
@= ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf] dflg;nfO{ kftnf] lb;f nflu/xG5 .
#= ;g]{ /f]u eg]sf] Ps JolQmaf6 csf]{df slxNo} ;b}{g .
$= emf8fkvfnf ys' sf] l56faf6 ;b{5 .
%= df:s k|of]u ubf{ sf]le8–!( af6 aRg ;lsG5 .

3 kl/ofh] gf sfo{ M

cleefjs / lzIfssf] ;xfotfn] ;flyx¿;Fu ldn]/ tnsf] tflnsf k"/f
ug{'xf];\ M

/f]usf] gfd /fu] ;g]{ dfWod /f]usf nIf0fx¿ /fs] yfd ug]{ pkfo

74 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

4 czQm / c;xfonfO{ ;xofu] u/f+}

x]/f,“} ae' mf“} / 5nkmn u/f}M“

 tkfO{Fn] PDa'n]G; b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
 s:tf] cj:yfdf PDa'n]G;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <
 sf]xL ;fyL n8\of] / rf]/ nfUof] eg] tkfO{F s] ug'{x'G5 <

;a}n] pkrf/ kfpg' k5{

lrq !M :sn' sf] rf}/df dWofGxdf s]6fs]6Lx¿ v]Nb} u/]sf

s]xL lbg cl3sf] s/' f] xf] . ljBfnodf vfhf vfg] a]nf ePsf] lyof] . xfd|f]
ljBfnodf vfhf vfg / v]NgnfO{ Ps b]lv b'O{ ah];Dd Ps 306fsf] ;do x'G5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 75

xfdL sIffsf ;fyLx¿

vfhf vfO;s/] rf/} df vN] b} lrq @ M Ps j[4 dflg;
lyofF} . xfdLn] rf/} sf] jf6f]df n8]/ 56\k6fO/x]
glhss} f] bfa] f6fd] f Pshgf sf] lzIfsx¿ p;nfO{
cln kfsf] dflg; nl8/xs] f] p7fpFg k|of; ub}{
bV] ofF} . Tof] dflg; s] eP/

n8s] f] xfn] f eg/] 8/

nfUof] / sft} x' ntf eof] .

cln glhs} xg] { uofF} . tL

dflg; eO' dF f 56k6fpbF } lrq # M lt j[4nfO{
lyP . xfdLnfO{ 8/ nfUof] / PDan' ]G; df /fv]/
sb' b\ } uP/ u?' nfO{ eGofF} . c:ktfn k9fOb}
Tolt an] f;Dd c?

sx] L dflg;x¿ klg en] f

eO;ss] f lyP . c? u?' x?

uP/ pgnfO{ p7fpgF sfl] z; ug{' eof] . pgnfO{ ufxf| ] eO/xs] f] lyof] . xfdf| u?' x¿n]

sx] La/] kf| ylds pkrf/ u/k] l5 PDan' G] ; afn] fP/ pgnfO{ c:ktfn k7fpgF e' of] .

j4[ dflg; c;xfo /x5] g,\ kl5 xfdLn] yfxf kfof+} . c:ktfndf pgsf] pkrf/df
nfUg] vrs{ f] hfx] f] ug{] sfx] L /xg] 5g\ . lar/fnfO{ ljBfnosf u?' –u?' cfdfx¿ /
j/k/sf lrGg] hfGgn] ] sx] L ;xofu] h6' fpg' eof] . c:ktfndf klg pgsf] pkrf/df
;xl' not eP5 . sx] L lbg kl5 pgnfO{ ;~rf] eO;s5] egL xfdL| u?' cfdfn] eGge' of] .

xfdLnfO{ æxfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f]Æ k9fpg] u?' cfdfn] eGge' of] . æo:tf czQm dflg;x¿nfO{
;s];Dd l56f] c:ktfn k'¥ofpg' k5{ . c:ktfn 6f9f 5 eg] glhs}sf] :jf:Yo
rf}sL jf lSnlgsdf nfg'k5{ . of] xfdL ;a}sf] dfgjLo wd{ xf] .Æ u'?cfdfn]
yKge' of], æpkrf/ ug{u/fpg gkfP/ s;}n] klg csfndf Hofg ud' fpg gk/f]; .
of] s/' f xfdL ;a}n] a‰' g'k5{ .Æ

76 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

xfdLnfO{ :jf:Yo ;d:of k/]df jf rf]6k6s nfu]df :jf:Yo ;:+ yfdf hfg'k5{ .
To;/L g} c;xfo / czSt dflg;x¿nfO{ klg :jf:Yo pkrf/df ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .

s dflysf] kf7 k9L tnsf vfln 7fpFdf ldNg] zAbx¿ egx{' f;] \ M

PDa'n]G; 56\k6fpFb} Ps 306f ;xl' not bf]af6f]df csfndf ;~rf]

!= dWofGxsf] vfhf vfg / v]NgnfO{ ============= sf] ;do xG' 5 .
@= rf}/df v]Nb} ubf{ xfdLn] glhs} ================= Pshgf kfsf] dflg;

nl8/x]sf] b]Vof}F .
#= tL czQm dflg; e'Odf ============ lyP .
$= u'?x¿n] pgnfO{ s]xLa]/ k|fylds pkrf/ u/]kl5 ==================c:ktfn

k7fpFg'eof] .
%= c:ktfndf pkrf/ ubf{ pgnfO{ ================ eP5 .
^= s]xL lbgkl5 pgnfO{ ==================== eP5 .
&= pkrf/ ug{ gkfP/ s;}n] klg =================== dg{' gk/f];\ .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 77

v dflysf] kf7sf] cfwf/df tnsf egfOx¿ qmda4 ldnfP/ nV] g'xf];\ M

!= tL czQm dflg;nfO{ s]xL lbg kl5 ;~rf] eP5 .
@= u'?x¿n] PDan' ]G; af]nfP/ pgnfO{ c:ktfn k7fpFg' eof] .
#= rf}/df v]ln/x]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] Pshgf kfsf] dflg; eO' Fdf nl8/x]sf]

b]Vof}F .
$= c:ktfndf pgsf] pkrf/df ;xl' not eP5 .
%= u'?cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ eGg'eof] æpkrf/ ug{ gkfP/ s;}n] klg csfndf

dg{' gk/f];\ .Æ
^= xfdLnfO{ 8/ nfUof] / s'b\b} uP/ u?' nfO{ eGof}F .

u ;fyLx¿;uF 5nkmn ugx'{ f];\ / pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

!= s:tf dflg;nfO{ c;xfo elgG5 <
@= c;xfox¿sf] pkrf/df s;n] ;xof]u ug{'k5{ <
#= tkfO{Fn] cfˆgf] 3/ j/k/ 6f]ndf sf]xL c;xfo dflg; b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
$= xfdLn] sf]xL dflg; af6f]df nl8/x]sf] b]Vof}+ eg] s] ug'{k5{ <
% dflysf] kf7df u'?cfdfn] clGtddf s] eGge' of] <

3 lzIfssf] ;xfotfdf sIffdf sfx] L ;fyLnfO{ rf6] k6s nfUof] / s;/L
c:ktfn k'¥ofOof] eGg] s'/fsf] 5f]6f] clego u//] b]vfpgx' f;] \ .

ª k9f}F / a'emfF} M

xfdL s'g} sf/0fn] ladf/L eofF} eg] pkrf/sf nflu :jf:Yo rf}sL cyjf
c:ktfndf hfg' k5{ . To;}u/L s]xL rf]6k6s nfUof] eg] jf b'3{6gfdf kl/of]
eg] klg t'?Gt} :jf:Yo ;:+ yfdf hfg'k5{ . cfkm}F hfg g;Sg] cj:yfdf c?sf]
;xof]u rflxG5 . czQmnfO{ pkrf/sf] nflu hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] :jf:Yo rf}sL,
lSnlgs jf c:ktfndf k¥' ofpg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] . o:tf :jf:Yo ;:+ yfx¿df

78 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

g;{, lrlsT;s cflbn] ladf/L / 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/ ub{5g\ / cfjZos
cf}iflw lbG5g\ .

u lrq x]//] s'g 7fpFaf6 s] ;l' jwf kfOG5 ;fly;Fu 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ / l7s
pQ/df w;f{ tfg/] hf]8f ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

;Nolqmof ug]{ ;'ljwf -vf]k nufpFb} u/]
cf}iflw kfO{g] 7fpF sf] :jf:Yo rf}

lssf] lrq_

-;Nolqmof sIf n] afnaflnsfsf] -cfFvf c:ktfn
lvPsf] ck/]zg pkrf/ x'G5 ltnu+uf_

ug]{ 7fpF_ cfvfF ;DaGwL
pkrf/ x'G5

-sflGtjfn l;ls:t ljdf/Lsf] -ICU_ ;3g pkrf/
c:ktfn_ ;3g pkrf/ xG' 5 sIff n]lvPsf] RCU
Bed x¿ ePsf] sIf

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 79

5 hgfj/sf k|sf/

x]/f}“, a'emf}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“M

 tkfO{Fn] sg' sg' hgfj/ b]Vge' Psf] 5 <
 s:tf hgfj/ b]lv tkfO{FnfO{ 8/ nfU5 <
 3/ kfnj' f / hª\unL hgfj/df s] km/s 5 <
sg' } hgfj/x¿ hldgdf dfq a:g ;S5g\ eg] s'g} hgfj/x¿ kfgLdf dfq a:g
;S5g\ .

hldgdf a:g] hgfj/x¿

hldgdf a:g] hgfj/x¿ kmf]S;f]sf] ;xfotfn] gfsaf6 ;f; km]g]{ u5{g\ . o:tf
hgfj/x¿ hldgdf cfˆgf] cgs' 'nsf 7fpFx¿df af;:yfg agfP/ a:5g\ logLx¿
hldgdf pknAw ePsf cfkmn" fO{ dgkg]{ vfg]s'/fx¿ vfP/ afFR5g\ . hldgdf a:g]
hgfj/x¿nfO{ :ynk|f0fL klg elgG5 .

80 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/x¿

kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/x¿ luN;af6 jf 5fnfaf6 l;w} ;f; km]5{g o:tf hgfj/x¿sf]
;f; km]g{ kmf]S;f] xF'b}g . oL hgfj/x¿ kfgLd} kfOg] cGo ;fgf;fgf lhjhGtx' ¿
/ jg:kltx¿nfO{ cfxf/ agfP/ afFR5g\ . o:tf hgfj/x¿nfO{ hn k|f0fL klg
elgG5 .

sg' } s'g} hgfj/x¿ hldg / kfgL bj' }lt/ a:g ;S5g\ o:tf hgfj/x¿ Eofu'tf],
s5'jf, uf]xL cfbL 5g\ . hldg / kfgL b'a} 7fpFdf a:g] lhjhGtx' ¿nfO{ peor/
klg elgG5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 81

s]xL hgfj/x¿nfO{ dflg;n] 3/df kfNg] u5{g\ eg] s]xL hgfj/x¿ hª\undf a:g]
u5{g\ . o;/L 3/df kflng] hgfj/nfO{ 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ / hª\undf a:g] hgfj/nfO{
hª\unL hgfj/ elgG5 .

3/kfnj' f hgfj/x¿

h+unL hgfj/x¿

s pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

!= hldgdf a:g] hgfj/n] sxfFaf6 ;f; km]5{g <
@= kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/n] sxfFaf6 ;f; km]5{g <
#= kfgLdf dfq a:g] s'g} % hgfj/x¿sf] gfd n]Vgx' f]; <
$= hldgdf dfq a:g] sg' } % jgfj/sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ <
%= kfgL / hldg ba' }df a:g ;Sg] # hgfj/x¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
^= df5fnfO{ kfgL aflx/ NofP/ /fVof] eg] afRg ;S5 < lsg ;Sb}g <

82 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

v tn lbOPsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ 3/kfnj' f jf hu+ nL xg' \ 56' o\ fP/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

3/kfnj' f hgfj/x¿ hu+ nL hgfj/x¿
=========================================== ===========================================
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=========================================== ===========================================

u tnsf egfOx¿ l7s -_ jf a]l7s -_ 56' \ofpgx' f];\ .

!= 3/df kflng] hgfj/nfO{ 3/kfnj' f hgfj/ elgG5 .

@= hldgdf kfOg] ;a} hgfj/x¿nfO{ 3/df kfNg ;lsG5 .

#= kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/x¿ luN;sf] ;xfotfn] ;f; km]5{g .

$= hldgdf a:g] hgfj/x¿ cfFvfn] ;f; km]5{g\ .

%= Eofu'tf] / s5'jf hldg / kfgL ba' }lt/ a:g ;S5g\ .

^= 8lNkmg kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/ xf] .

&= ufO{ / e}F;L b'a} 3/kfnj' f hgfj/ x'g\ .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 83

3 k9fF} / a'emfF} M

hgfj/x¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf vfg]s/' fx¿ vfP/ afFR5g\ . s'g} hgfj/x¿ df;'
dfq} vfG5g\ . o:tf hgfj/nfO{ df;+ fxf/L hgfj/ elgG5 . af3, l;+x, lrt'jf,
x'F8f/ . Ajf;f] cflb df+;fxf/L hgfj/x¿ x'g\ . s]xL hgfj/x¿ df;' vfFb}
vfFb}gg\ / 3fF;kft vfP/ afFR5g\ . o:tf hgfj/nfO{ ;fsfxf/L hgfj/ elgG5 .
ufO{, e}F;L, e]8f, afv|f, 3f]/n, d[u, afFb/ cflb ;fsfxf/L hgfj/x¿ xg' \ .
s'g} sg' } hgfj/x¿ df;' klg vfG5g\ / 3fF;kft klg vfg] u5{g\ . o:tf
hgfj/x¿nfO{ ;jf{xf/L hgfj/ elgG5 . dflg;, s's/' , la/fnf], efn,' ;F'u/' ,
xfF;, s'v/' f cflb hgfj/x¿ ;jf{xf/L hgfj/ xg' \ .

df+;fxf/L

;fsfxf/L

;jf{xf/L

84 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

ª lrq x/] f+} / hgfj/sf af;:yfg lrgf} M

uf]7df ufO{ e};L vf]/ vf]/sf]
ePsf] lrq jfv|fx¿ ePsf]
lrq

tj]nf tj]nfdf uk' mf uk' mfdf l;x+
3f]8f a;]sf] lrq j;]sf] lrq

b'nf] b'nf]leq 3f/ 3f/df dx/' L
d';f]sf] lrq a;]sf] lrq

r tnsf] tflnsfdf %–% df+;fxf/L, ;fsfxf/L / ;jf{xf/L hgfj/x¿sf] gfd
n]Vg'xf];\ M

df+;xf/L ;fsfxf/L ;jf{xf/L

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d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 85

5 tnsf hgfj/x¿ sxfF a:5g\ < ;fyLnfO{ ;fW] gx' f;] \ / pQ/ kQf nufpgF x' f;] \ M

h pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ .

!= df;'dfq vfg] hgfj/nfO{ s] elgG5 <
@= df;' klg vfg] / cGo s'/fx¿ klg vfg] hgfj/nfO{ s] elgG5 <
#= dflg; s:tf] vfnsf] kf| 0fL xf] < ;fsfxf/L, df;+ xf/L jf ;jfx{ f/L < lsg <
$= 3f]8f a:g] 7fpFnfO{ s] elgG5 <
%= s:tf hgfj/x¿n] cfˆgf] af;:yfg cfkm}F vf]h]/ a:5g\ .

em kl/ofh] gf sfo{ M

!= cfkm" nfO{ dg kg]{ sg' } Ps 3/kfn'jf / s'g} Ps hª\unL hgfj/sf] lrq
agfpg'xf];\ . ca To;df /ª e/]/ sIffdf b]vfpgx' f];\ .

@= rf6{k]k/df cfkm" nfO{ dgkg]{ hgfj/ / To;sf] af;:yfgsf] lrq
6fF:gx' f];\ . ca Tof] rf6{k]k/ sIfdf b]vfpg'xf];\ .

86 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

6 vn] v]nf}+ / /dfcf+}

x]/f“}, ae' mf“} / 5nkmn u/fM“}

lqms]6 v]Nb} u/]sf]

 dflysf] lrqdf s] s] b]Vg'eof] eGg'xf];\ .
 tkfO{FnfO{ sg' –s'g v]n v]Ng cfpF5 <
 v]Ng' lsg dxTjk0" f{ x'G5 <

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 87

xfdL 3/ j/k/ / ljBfnodf ;fyLx¿;Fu ljleGg v]nx¿ v]Ng] u5f}{F . s]xL v]n
b'O hgfsf] lardf v]lnG5 eg] s]xL v]nx¿ w]/} hgfsf] ;d"xdf v]lnG5 . v]n
v]Nbf w]/} /dfOnf] x'G5 . zf/Ll/s :k"mlt{ klg a9\5 . v]n v]Nbf ;fyLx¿ larsf]
ldqtf klg a9\5 . s]xL v]nx¿ 3/leq v]Ng ;lsG5 eg] s]xL v]nx¿ 3/ aflx/
rf}/df v]Ngk' 5{ . v]n v]Nbf lgodsf] kfngf ug'{k5{ / xf]l;of/ eP/ v]Ngk' 5{ .

s ;fyLx¿ lardf tnsf kZ| gx¿ 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ M

!= tkfO{F ;fyLx¿;Fu sg' sg' v]n v]Ngx' G' 5 <
@= tkfO{FnfO{ ;a}eGbf dg kg]{ v]n sg' xf] <
#= tkfO{FnfO{ lsg v]n v]Ng dg k5{ <
$= v]n v]Nbf lgodsf] kfngf lsg ug'{k5{ .
%= 3/ leq / 3/ aflx/ v]lng] sg' } %–% cf]6f v]nsf] gfd eGgx' f];\ .

v lzIfssf] ;xfotfdf ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ v]n v]nf+} M

8f]/L tfGg]

88 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

sj8\8L

u tn] jf sfag{ sf] ko| fu] u//] ;kmf sfuhdf sg' } $ j:ts' f] cfsf/ 5fKgx' f;] \ .

3 kl/of]hgf sfo{ M

tkfO{Fsf] ;db' fodf v]lng] s'g} Ps nf]slk|o v]nsf af/]df 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
of] v]n slt slt hgfdf s;/L v]lnG5 eGg'xf];\ . lzIfs;Fu cgd' lt lnP/
of] v]n v]Ngx' f];\ .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 89

4xfd|f] ljBfno

ljBfnosf] lrq, rf}p/df lk=l6= v]Nb} u/]sf], au}Frfdf la?jf /f]Kb} u/]sf]
ljBfnosf] ;fO8df km'6an d}bfg h:t} b]lvg]

90 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

1 ljBfnosf ;fdfgx¿sf] htg

x]/f}“, a'emf}“ / 5nkmn u/fM“}

 dflysf] lrqdf s]–s] b]vfOPsf] 5 <
 oL j:tx' ¿ sxfF kfOG5g\ <
 tkfO{Fsf] ljBfnodf s:tf s:tf ;fdfgx¿ 5g\ <
xfd|f] ljBfnosf] gfd Go" g]kfn ;]s]G8/L :s'n xf] . d sIff b'Odf k9\5' . xfd|f]
ljBfno zfGt, /d0fLo / ;kmf 5 . ljBfnosf h:tf b'O{cf]6f ejgx¿ 5g\ .
j/k/ kvf{nn] 3]l/Psf] 5 . leq cfpg] / lg:sg] Pp6f km/flsnf] k|j]zåf/ 5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 91

lrq M ljBfno bO' jf]6f ejg, ljrdf v]Ng] rf}/, Ps 5]pdf
kfgLsf] wf/ M jl/k/L au}rf . kvf{nn] 3]/LPsf] 7'nf] d'n k|j]
zåf/ . rf}/sf] Psfkl§ s]6fs]6Lsf v]Ng] s/' fx¿ lkª, lrKn]6L
cflb 5g\ . ljBfnosf] gfd dn' k|j]zåf/df n]lvPsf] 5 . æGo"
g]kfn ;]s]G8/L :s'nÆ lrq agfpg]

b'O{cf]6f ejgsf] lardf 7"nf] v]nd}bfg 5 . v]nd}bfgsf] Psflt/ s]6fs]6Lx¿sf
nflu v]Ng] ;fdu|Lx¿ 5g\ . lrKn]6L / lkª v]Ng dnfO{ w]/} dg k5{ . Psflt/ 5]
pdf kfgLsf] wf/f] 5 . ljBfno ;do e/L Tof] wf/fdf kfgL cfO/xG5 . ejgsf
x/]s tnfdf ;f}rfno 5g\ .
ljBfno ejgsf] 5]pdf / k5fl8kl§ km"naf/L 5 . ;do ;dodf xfdL ;a} ldn]/
ToxfF km"nsf la?jfx¿ /f]Kg] / uf]8d]n ug]{ u5f}{F . /fd' bfOn] kmn" la?jf / c?
ljBfnosf ;fdfgx¿sf] htg u5{g\ .

kmn' jf/L uf]8d]n ub}{ u/]
sf] lrq

92 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

xfd|f] sIffsf]7f bfofFkl§sf] ejgsf] klxnf] tnfdf 5 . sIffsf]7f km/flsnf] /
k|:6;Fu k|sfz l5g]{ / ;kmf 5 . sIffdf n]Vg] ;]tf] kf6L, 6]an, s';L{, 8]:s, j]Gr
/ c? cfjZos ;fdfgx¿ ldnfP/ /flvPsf 5g\ . xfdL ;a}n] tL ;fdfgx¿sf]
htg u5f}{F . x/]s lbg :s'nsf] lbbL / ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ sIffsf]7f ;kmf u5f}{F .

s ;fyLx¿;Fu cfÎgf] sIffsf7] fdf / ljBfno j/k/ cjnf]sg ugx'{ f;] \ .
To;kl5 5nkmn ub}{ sIffsf]7fleq / aflx/ ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] ;l" r tof/
ugx'{ f;] \ .

sIffsf7] fdf ePsf ;fdfgx¿ sIffeGbf aflx/ ePsf ;fdfgx¿

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 93

v lrq x]g'{xf];\ / tL ;fdfgx¿ s] sfddf k|ofu] xG' 5g\ w;f{ tfg]/ hf8] f
ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

lzIfsx¿ a:g

n]v]/ c?nfO{
6f8faf6 b]vfpg

dlxgf, jf/ / ut] x]/]/
yfxf kfpg

6'qmf sfuh / cGo
kmf]xf]/ /fVg

u tn lbPsf ;fdfgx¿ sfxF f /flvPsf x'G5g\ < ldnfpg'xf;] \ M

sIffsf] bfofF
afofF leQfdf

kf]:6/, rf6{ v]Ng] rf}/df sg' }
Ps 5]pdf

sIffsf] leQfdf,
;a}n] b]Vg] u/L

sIffsf] cl3NnLt/
sl' ;{;Fu}

94 d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@

3 ljBfnodf ePsf] tkfOnfO{ dg kg{] sg' } Pp6f ;fdfgsf] lrq agfO /ª
egx'{ f;] \ M

ª pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

!= sIffsf]7fdf ePsf ;fdfgsf] htg s;n] ug'{k5{ <
@= tkfO{Fsf] ljBfnodf sltcf]6f kfgLsf wf/f 5g\ < wf/f lalu|of] eg] s]

x'G5 <
#= Pp6} lkªdf w]/}hgfn] v]Ng' k¥of] eg] s] ug'{k5{ <
$= tkfO{FnfO{ ljBfnosf ;fdfgsf] dfof nfU5 < lsg <
%= sIffsf]7fsf ;fdfg htg ug{ s;sf] bfloTj a9L xG' 5 < lzIfssf] ls

ljBfyL{x¿sf] < lsg <

r kl/ofh] gf sfo{ M

sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ uGgx' f]; / a/fa/ xg' ] u/L % jf]6f ;d"x agfpgx' f];\ .
x/]s ;dx" n] Pp6f sflk / l;;fsnd lng'xf];\ . lzIfsn] lbPsf] ;do
cjlw leq sIff leq / ljBfno j/k/ cjnf]sg u/]/ ;fdfgx¿sf] ;l" r
agfpg'xf];\ . Pp6f ;dx" sf] Pp6f ;"lr dfq agfpg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] ;do
;lsof] eg]kl5 /f]Sg'xf];\ sIffdf a;]/ x/]s ;dx" af6 6f]lng]tfn] kfn} kfnf],
;fdfgx¿sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] ;a} eGbf a9L gfd ePsf] ;dx" nfO{
ljh]tf 3f]if0ff ul/lbgx' g' ]5 .

d]3f xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff–@ 95