KEDCHelloKEDC's Grammar
2
Writer
Amar Bahadur Sherma
Kantipur Education Development Council
Maharajgunj, Chakrapath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 4202027/2151710
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kedcnepal.com
KEDC
Kantipur Education Development Council
Maharajgunj, Chakrapath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 4720202/2151710
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kedcnepal.com
Kantipur Education Development Council 2058 ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, except as may be expressly permitted in writing
by the publisher.
Written by:
Amar Bahadur Sherma
M.A. English, Tribhuvan University
TEA Fellowship, California State University
Advisor:
Subadra Shresta
Editor:
Jerell Morales - Shrestha (M.Ed.)
Education Management
First edition, 2008
Revised edition, 2015
New edition, 2019
Layout/Design
Jaydev Koirala
Preface
Hello Grammar series (new edition) is carefully designed to help school
level English language students learn grammar systematically and creatively.
This series has been developed as an additional course for the school students
of Nepal who learn core English in the communicative language teaching
setting. Based on the major grammar elements that are deemed inevitable
for the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, this Hello Grammar
series presents grammatical rules in the concise form of notes.
We educators are well aware that grammar plays a significant role in
communication, both in the spoken and written form. Adequate knowledge
of grammar helps learners achieve accuracy in the use of language.
Understandably, most students fear or dislike a long list of grammatical rules.
So, this series calls a change in the approach to the teaching of grammar.
Although there are arguments that inductive approach to grammar teaching
is better than deductive approach, I strongly suggest following whatever
is useful depending upon the case in hand. Both approaches have been
integrated into the series.
A wide range of contextual exercises, useful notes or easy-to-understand
explanations, unit reviews to test learners’ understanding or help them
recall what is already learnt, the new attractive cover and layout with clipart
illustrations enhance the appeal of the book.
It is sincerely hoped that this new edition of the series will cater to the
needs of both teachers and students in the years to come. Many thanks to
Kantipur Education Development Council (KEDC) and those who have
assisted me in producing the book in this present shape. Any constructive
feedback and suggestions for the improvement of the book will be gratefully
acknowledged.
Amar Bahadur Sherma
Contents
Unit 1 15. Irregular Verbs 91
1. Sentences
2. Statements and Questions 1 16. Contractions 98
3. Commands and 5
12 Unit 5 104
Exclamations 17 17. Pronouns
4. Subject and Predicate
26 18. Pronouns: I, Me, We and 109
Unit 2 31 Us
5. Nouns 39
6. Common Nouns and 45 19. Pronoun-Verb Agreement 114
Proper Nouns 54 20. Possessive Pronouns 118
7. Singular and Plural Nouns 60
8. Possessive Nouns 65 Unit 6
72
Unit 3 21. Adjectives 125
9. Action Verbs 79
10. Past Tense Verbs 85 22. Adjectives of Number 130
11. Present Tense Verbs
12. The Verb 'Have' 23. Articles - A, An or The 136
Unit 4 24. Adjectives That Compare 144
13. Linking Verbs
14. Helping Verbs 25. Adverbs That Tell How, 152
When and Where
26. Synonyms and 157
Antonyms
27. Prepositions: In, On and 161
Under
28. Writing 168
Lesson Unit 1
1 SENTENCES
a bird. a bird on the tree.
ȱȱȱȱȱĴǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǯ
Which one of these is a sentence?
NOTE
A sentence is a group of words that is complete and meaningful.
¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǯȱ
In a sentence, words are arranged properly.
ȱȱȱȱȱĴǯȱ(This is not arranged meaningfully.)
a bird. (This is not complete.)
ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǯ (This is complete and meaningful.)
Hello Grammar Book 2 1
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Read the following groups of words. If the group is a
sentence, write an ‘S’. If not, write a ‘X’ on the lines provided.
1. Cows moo. _________
2. My sister. _________
3. Go to bed. _________
Śǯȱȱ ȱęǯȱ ȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
5. It is cold. _________
6. I have a cat. _________
7. A big rat. _________
B. Rewrite the following groups of words, arranging them so
ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ
words of each sentence.
1. am happy I.
_________________________________________
2. go I to school.
_________________________________________
3. school beautiful is My.
_________________________________________
4. student a He is.
_________________________________________
5. She disciplined a girl is.
_________________________________________
6. love drawing I.
_________________________________________
2 Hello Grammar Book 2
C. Add suitable words to complete the following sentences.
1. ___________________ has a book.
2. ____________________ eats grass.
3. My mother ____________________________________.
4. They are ________________________.
5. _______________________ helpful.
6. Play____________________________.
7. Please sing _______________________.
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ
capitalised and a full stop (.) must be placed at the end.
1. My name ……………………………………………
2. I live …………………………………………………
3. I am …………………………………………………
4. I want ………………………………………………
5. I like …………………………………………………
E. Match the following parts of sentences.
I gives us knowledge.
A book is my brother.
My mother is a nurse.
My sister study in grade two.
My teacher is a housewife.
My school teaches very well.
Anish is my second home.
Hello Grammar Book 2 3
F. Look at the pictures below and make sensible sentences.
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ
appropriate words.
Salesgirl: ______ want to help you.
Customer: ______ would like to buy a sweater.
Salesgirl: I think you _____________________________________.
Customer: Idon’tknowreallywhichcolour____________________.
Salesgirl: I think black ____________________________________
Customer: All right I ______________________________________.
Salesgirl: Here you are ___________________________________.
Customer: Thank you.
4 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson STATEMENTS
2 AND QUESTIONS
ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱĚ ǯ
What is this? Is this your pencil?
NOTE
A statement is a sentence that tells something. It ends with a
full stop (.).
That is my book.
(ȱĴǼȱ ǻȱǼ
Hello Grammar Book 2 5
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Circle each complete sentence. Then complete each
incomplete sentence. Write it in your notebook.
1. Our classroom is beautiful.
2. Writes on the whiteboard.
3. We read newspapers.
4. Like our children.
5. Our playground.
6. Norge has a cow.
B. Read each group of words. If the group is a sentence, write
Sentence. If it is not a sentence, write No sentence.
1. a small cat _____________________________
2. My family wants a dog. _____________________________
3. a green mango _____________________________
4. Preety’s best friend _____________________________
5. Dipsa can ride a horse. ____________________________
6. I want to dance now. _____________________________
7. She buys a book. _____________________________
Şǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
NOTE
A question is a kind of sentence that asks something. It ends
with a question mark (?).
A questionȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
Sumit can dance. (statement)
6 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE (questions)
Can Sumit dance?
Who can dance?
A question is a sentence that asks something. It ends with a
question mark (?).
Can Sumit dance?
ǻȱĴǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱǼ
A question may begin with words like ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ
should, can, may, must, etc.
Should I speak?
Mayȱ ȱȱȱǵ
A question may begin with a Wh-word like ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ
, etc.
old are you?
What is your name?
C. Write ‘Q’ for questions and ‘S’ for statements on the lines
provided.
1. Do you have classwork? ________
2. I have a guitar. ________
3. What do you have to do? ________
4. I am reading a story. ________
5. She wakes up at 5 am. ________
6. Does Sunita have a pet? ________
Hello Grammar Book 2 7
7. Rekha has to write a story. ________
8. What kind of story will she write? ________
9. Should we go home? ________
10. No, she will write a scary one. ________
D. Put each group of words in sentence order. Then write the
sentence correctly.
1. thirsty My cat was _________________________________.
2. My family a picture took ____________________________.
3. a pet Suraj wants __________________________________.
4. We on a picnic went _______________________________.
śǯȱȱ ȱĞȱ ¢ȱȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏǯ
6. Bina a lawyer is. ___________________________________.
E. Now look at the following boxes. Make as many sentences
as you can.
Helping verbs Pronouns / Subjects Nouns / Adjectives
Am
Is I good?
Are
she helpful?
they a doctor?
Was Rabina happy?
F. Read each statement. Then write the question it answers.
There is an example done for you.
1. The bus stop is on the corner. Where is the bus stop?
2. I walk to school every day.
______________________________
8 Hello Grammar Book 2
3. I never ride the school bus.
______________________________
4. Reshu is swimming.
______________________________
5. My grandmother drives a big car.
______________________________
6. A puppy is a baby dog.
______________________________
7. My birthday is on October 5.
______________________________
G. Look at the pictures below and write statements and
questions.
Hello Grammar Book 2 9
H. What kinds of questions do you have now? Now ask
questions about this picture using each of these words?
1. What____________________________________________?
2. Who_____________________________________________?
3. Which ___________________________________________?
4. Where __________________________________________?
5. How ____________________________________________?
6. When ___________________________________________?
I. Complete the conversation by inserting Wh-words,
pronouns, the full stop (.) and the question mark (?).
Renu: ______ are you going during the summer holiday
Bimal: _________ am going to Pokhara
10 Hello Grammar Book 2
Renu: Really? ____________ is going with you
Bimal: My __________ is going with me
Renu: It will be so _________________________
Bimal: Yes, it will.
Renu: ____________ does the summer vacation start
Bimal: ____________ starts on April 10
Renu: Oh, it is very close
Hello Grammar Book 2 11
Lesson COMMANDS AND
3 EXCLAMATIONS
Run as fast as you can. Read the book.
Ƿȱ Ȃȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱǷ
A command is a sentence that tells someone to do something.
An exclamation is a sentence that shows strong feelings.
Both commands and exclamationsȱȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
NOTE
A command ends with a full stop (.).The subject ‘you’ is not
mentioned.
(You) Go out of the house. (Begins with an action verb)
12 Hello Grammar Book 2
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Write ‘C’ for command and ‘S’ for statements in the box.
1. I like to visit national parks.
2. Treat the animals with care.
3. Sing English songs only.
4. What a dance !
5. Share your cookies.
6. My dogs are faithful.
7. I am a social worker.
8. Sit next to me.
şǯȱȱ ȱǷȱ ȇȱȱȱĚ ǯ
NOTE
An exclamation shows strong feelings. It ends with an
exclamation mark (!).
ȱȱǷ(impression)
ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱǷȱ(happiness)
B. Underline each exclamation and circle statement.
1. This is April.
2. Hurray, we are going to the zoo!
řǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱǯ
4. That elephant is gigantic!
5. The zebra looks hungry.
6. Oh no, I’m scared!
7. The deer are so cute!
Hello Grammar Book 2 13
8. The lions are roaring.
9. The zoo closes in one hour.
C. Circle each capitalisation and punctuation mistake. Then
rewrite the passage correctly.
Ȃȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱǰȱ
here comes the ball. hit it hard. hurray, it’s a sixer.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
NOTE
An interjection is a word that shows sudden feeling.
Ƿȱ ¢ȱȂȱȱȱǯȱ
We love mo:mo.
ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰǼȱ Ğȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ
mark must be placed at the end of the exclamation.
ǰȱ¢ȱȂȱȱȱǷ
D. Read each sentence and label it Command or Exclamation.
1. I want a doll! ___________________________
2. Dad and Mom said yes! _________________
3. Please take me to a pet shop. _____________
4. Have a look at the dogs. _________________
14 Hello Grammar Book 2
5. This is the one for me! ___________________
6. Please buy this one. _____________________
7. At last I have a dog! ____________________
8. Brownie is huge! _______________________
E. Read each sentence. Write whether it is a Statement, a
Question, a Command, or an Exclamation.
1. It’s pouring rain outside! ________________________
2. Close the windows. _____________________________
3. Will my bike get wet? ___________________________
Śǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĚ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
F. Look at the pictures and write either a command or an
exclamation with the help of the interjection.
1. (Wow) ________________ 2. (Hurray) _____________
___________________________ _______________________
3. (Open) ________________ 4. (Listen) _____________
___________________________ _______________________
Hello Grammar Book 2 15
G. Read the paragraph. Write one statement, one question, one
command, and one exclamation from the paragraph.
Today is cleanup day. Does your family have cleanup day?
My mom tells us what to do. “Pick up your toys. Make your
bed. Take out the trash.” Sometimes I just want to play!
1. statement _________________________________________
2. question __________________________________________
3. command ________________________________________
4. exclamation _______________________________________
H. Complete the following conversation inserting interjections,
the question mark (?) and the exclamation mark (!) where
necessary.
Anjali: ___________ many pairs of shoes do you have __
Bimala: I have four pairs of shoes.
Anjali: _________, you have four pairs of shoes!
Bimala: ____________ bought you four pairs of shoes __
Anjali: My father bought them on my birthday.
Bimala: My uncle is also going to buy me a new pair of
shoes soon.
Anjali: Congrats ___
Bimala: By the way, _______ is your uncle coming from the
Anjali:ȱ UK __
ȱĚȱȱȱ ¢ȱŗst.
16 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson SUBJECT AND
4 PREDICATE
Look at the pictures below and write what is happening on the
lines.
Hello Grammar Book 2 17
SentenceNOTE
Every sentence has two parts: The subject and the predicate.
SUBJECTS tell who or what it is or
does something.
PREDICATES tell what the subject
is or does.
The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. Subjects are
nouns or pronouns.
Dadȱȱȱȱǯȱ
(It is a noun. The sentence is about Dad’.)
The predicate tells us something about the subject.
Dad ȱȱȱ.
(The predicate has a verb. It tells
something about the subject.)
Subjects answer the question: who/what/which?
Rupa ȱǯ (Who?)
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Underline the subject in each sentence.
ŗǯȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱǯ
2. The family leaves the house.
řǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱĚǯ
Śǯȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱǯ
śǯȱ ȱęęȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱ
Ŝǯȱ ȱęęȱȱȱȱęǯ
18 Hello Grammar Book 2
7. Everyone is happy now.
B. Complete each sentence by writing an appropriate subject.
1. ____________________ has a dog.
2. ____________________ is my dog’s name.
3. ____________________ can play the piano.
4. ____________________ sings to my dog.
5. ____________________ want to dance.
6. ___________________ runs faster than a tiger.
7. ___________________ is my hometown.
8. ____________________ teaches the English grammar.
NOTE
Subjects can be one word or more than one word respectively.
ȱȱ drank all of my milk.
Subject = A big cat (THREE words)
C. Add a subject to the incomplete sentences and rewrite them.
ŗǯȱ ȱȱęȱǯ
Example: ȱȱȱȱęȱǯ
Řǯȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱǯ
řǯȱ ȱȱȱęȱ¢ǯ
Śǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱęǯ
śǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱ ǯ
Ŝǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱęǯȱ
Hello Grammar Book 2 19
D. Write C next to each complete sentence and circle the
subject. Write I next to each incomplete sentence. Then add
a subject and rewrite the sentences and circle the subject.
ŗǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
2. My mom drew a map of our house. ___________
3. shows the way out of the house. ____________
4. practised the escape plan many times.____________
5. Our meeting place is on the corner of our street. _______
6. saw a big eagle on the tree ________
E. Which sentence tells about the picture? Draw a line under
the predicate of that sentence.
ŗǯȱ ǯȱ ȱȱĚ ȱǯ 2. a. Roshan climbs the
ǯȱ ȱȱȱĚ ǯ tree.
b. Roshan cuts down the
tree.
3. a. The stars are shining. 4. a. The lion is standing.
b. The stars are dancing. 4. b. The lion is walking.
20 Hello Grammar Book 2
F. Pick the predicate and write in the box.
1. I walked to Prasanna’s house.
2. We played with the dog.
3. My mom came to get me.
4. We bought some dog food.
5. Priya built a kennel.
6. Sumnima saw a fairy.
G. Match each subject with a predicate to make a complete
sentence. Then write the sentences in your notebook.
SUBJECTS PREDICATES
1. An ice cream truck are very sour.
2. he driverT ate her cone quickly.
3. Rashi drove into the park.
4. uraj S treats patients.
5. Lemons dropped his cone.
6. A doctor sold ice cream.
NOTE
Without a predicate, a sentence is always incomplete.
My brother (incomplete) My brother ȱȱ. (complete)
H. Fill in the blank to complete the sentence. Then tick the
correct box to show whether your answer is the subject or
the predicate.
Subject Predicate
ŗǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱ¢ȱĚ¢ǯȱ
Hello Grammar Book 2 21
2. ______________________ told me a story.
3. Two classmates ________________________.
4. This piglet ____________________________ .
5. __________ lost his wallet on the way home.
6. _____________ followed the thief.
7. Our Principal _________________________.
NOTE
The subject ‘you’ is not mentioned in commands.
(YouǼȱ ȱ¢ȱ ǯȱ
I. Pick out the subject and the predicate from the following
sentences and write in the boxes.
Subjects Predicates
1. A child ran away.
2. Villagers are honest.
3. Jumanu speaks English well.
Śǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴǯȱ
5. Dipti helped the poor.
6. Bishank scored a goal.
7. A tall man won the race.
8. He and I are friends now.
J. Complete the conversation below adding either subjects or
predicates.
Sudheer: Hi, how are you?
22 Hello Grammar Book 2
Suraj: ȱȱęǯȱ ȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏǵ
Sudheer: ______ am good.
Suraj: Where are ________ going today?
Sudheer: I _____________________________.
Suraj: But I __________________________.
Sudheer: What did you do yesterday?
Suraj: __________ did the science project.
Sudheer: ___________ love doing projects.
Suraj: Yes, ______________ are fund to do.
Hello Grammar Book 2 23
UNIT REVIEW: SENTENCES
25
Name: ______________________ Date: ____________________
A. Write ‘S’ for sentences and if they are not sentences write
‘NS’. (5X1=5)
1. China is a very big country. _____________
2. Students are. ________________
3. A fruit is good for health. ___________
4. In the beginning _________________
5. She wants to be docotr. _____________
B. Label the following sentences as Statement or Question.
(5X1=5)
1. Raju is a Science Teacher. ______________________
2. Rubina sat on the table. ______________________
3. Is Bikesh a good student? ______________________
4. Can he pass the test? ______________________
5. Hemlata should be happy. ______________________
C. Label the following sentence asCommand or Exclamation.
(5X1=5)
1. Sit down now.
2. Ouch! You stepped on my toe.
3. Shut up your mouth.
4. What a goal!
5. Iron your uniform.
24 Hello Grammar Book 2
D. Circle the subject and underline the predicate. (5X1=5)
1. Rejina is a teacher. (2.5X2=5)
2. We will play a match.
3. Help Bikesh.
4. There goes Preeti.
5. Sova wants to go to America.
E. Insert (.), (?) or (!) wherever necessary.
1. I am a doctor What does your brother do
2. Wow it is a beautiful place
Good Luck!
Hello Grammar Book 2 25
Lesson Unit 2
5 NOUNS
Look at the pictures below and write down their names on the
lines.
A noun is a word that names a person, place orȱ.
Whatever you see is a name.
26 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
David is very helpful.
(names a person)
David lives in Damak.
(names a lace)p
David ate two mangoes.
(names a hingt)
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Circle the noun in each sentence that names a person.
1. Mom grows vegetable in the garden.
2. Dad picks the vegetables.
3. My brothers eat the French fries.
4. My sister likes the tomatoes.
5. We met Laxmi in Moscow.
Ŝǯȱȱ ȱȱĴȱȱǯȱ
B. Read the sentences. Underline the nouns that name things.
Circle the nouns that name places.
1. Many plants grow in
the forest.
2. We saw evergreens in
the mountains.
3. You can see a cactus in
the desert.
Hello Grammar Book 2 27
4. What trees grow in your town?
5. We get furniture from trees.
6. There are many trees in the forest.
Activity: Write down at least FIFTEEN names of everything that
you around your classroom.
C. Read the following groups of words. Pick out the noun from
each group.
1. ball, play, run, kick, buy ________________
Řǯȱȱ ¢ǰȱǰȱǰȱ£¢ǰȱęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
3. graze, horses, trot, crawl ________________
4. hopping, fast, mailboxes ________________
5. soccer, kicked, white, blue ________________
Ŝǯȱȱ ǰȱęǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
D. List out SIX places you have visited so far or you want to
visit.
1. ___________________ 2. __________________
3. ___________________ 4. ___________________
5. __________________ 6. ___________________
E. Fill in the chart. Write two examples for each kind of noun.
People Places Animals Things
1. _________ _________ 2. _________ _________
3. _________ _________ 4. _________ _________
5. _________ _________ 6. _________ _________
7. _________ _________ 8. _________ _________
28 Hello Grammar Book 2
F. Look at the pictures below and list any nine things.
1. _________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. _________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. _________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________
NOTE
Use commas (,) to separate three or more nouns in a series.
ȱȱ,ȱȱȱǯ
Please call John, Sumit, Raju and Bina.
G. Read the passage. Correct all the mistakesȱ¢ȱęǯȱ
nishesh amir and ashish hiked up a mountain. they saw trees
ȱȱĚ ȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ
sandwich a yogurt and a drink. At the end of the hike, nishesh
said I’m tired!
Hello Grammar Book 2 29
H. Go back and circle each noun in the passage. Write all the
nouns in your notebook.
ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱęȱȱnouns.
Binita: Where are you going, __________?
Rajiv: I am going to a ________________.
Binita: With whom are you going there?
Rajiv: With my class two ______________.
Binita: What are you taking with you?
Rajiv: We are taking a _____________ for photos, some
__________ for snacks.
Binita: Be careful. Some ____________ might be
dangerous.
30 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson COMMON NOUNS AND
6 PROPER NOUNS
Look at the pictures. Who or what do you see in each picture?
NOTE
Proper nounsȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ
Chitwan, etc.
Common nouns are general names like town, student, boy,
teacher, etc.
Hello Grammar Book 2 31
NOTE
Common nouns name a person, animal, place or thing.
ȱmanȱȱǯȱȱ ǻȱȱ ȱȱęȱǼ
ȱlion is dead. ǻȱȱ ȱȱęȱǼ
ȱ ȱȱȱhospitalǯȱǻȱȦȱ ȱęȱǼ
Common nouns ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
Shova is a Student.ȱ ǻʒǼ
Shova is a student.ȱȱ ǻdžǼ
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Find the noun in each sentence. Write it on the line.
ŗǯȱȱ ȱęȱȱǯȱ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
2. Bikash plays hard. ______________________
3. The score is close. ______________________
4. There is my team. ______________________
5. We won a prize. ______________________
6. Sabina is a teacher. ______________________
7. Do you have a cat? ______________________
8. It is a university. ______________________
32 Hello Grammar Book 2
B. Circle the noun in each sentence.
1. Gyanendra hopes to be a pilot.
2. That job takes courage.
3. Fire stations sometimes have dogs.
4. Drivers should have good eyesight.
5. They try to save the building.
6. My uncle opened a shop in the city.
7. People can buy fresh fruit and vegetables there.
8. Who is to play cricket?
9. Diya and Dipa are twin sisters.
10. He is going to sing a song.
C. Write the nouns that you circled in the correct column.
People Places Things
_____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
Hello Grammar Book 2 33
NOTE
Proper nouns ȱȱęȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱ
or things.
Proper nouns are the names of
days o Sunday, Friday
months o January, March
festivals oTihar, Christmas
ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴ:
Bȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ
Dharan is a peaceful city.
D. Circle the proper nouns.
1. Krish lives in Nuwakot.
2. He goes to Shree Dipini Basic School.
3. His teacher is Mr. Sherpa.
4. Who will celebrate Holi?
5. We will go to the American Library.
6. On rainy days, they play Carrom board.
ŝǯȱ Ğȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ
Store.
8. They like to look at the pictures in World Encyclopedia.
E. Choose the proper nouns that name a day, month, or a
holiday. Write it correctly on the line below.
ŗǯȱ ¢ȱ ŘǯȱĚ
winter vote
34 Hello Grammar Book 2
vacation mother’s day
____________________ ____________________
3. holiday 4. monday
ȱ Ě ȱ ¢
ȱ ȱ¢ȱ Ğ
_____________________ ____________________
śǯȱȱ ę ȱ Ŝǯȱ
women’s day
summer weekend
july ______________________
_____________________ 8. children’s day
7. sarala
school autumn
girl family
______________________ _______________________
NOTE
An abbreviation is a short form of a word. An abbreviation
ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ
The common titles of people an its abbreviations.
Mrs. (for a married lady) Mr. (for a gentle man)
Ms. (for an unmarried girl) Dr. (for a doctor)
F. Find the mistake. Write each sentence correctly.
1. mr Shah broke his arm.
2. mrs Jaya drove mr Ramesh to the hospital.
3. dr. Joshi took an x-ray of his arm.
Hello Grammar Book 2 35
4. ms Rose, the nurse, helped the doctor.
5. I have an appointment with er. Dhimal.
G. Write each sentence correctly. Begin each proper noun with
a ȱĴ.
1. Would you like to go to the ball game, mr.rahul?
2. It is at the park in maharajgunj.
3. My friends jones and mike will be there.
4. My aunt sarala will bring hot dogs.
5. My aunt is from Darjeeling.
H. Rewrite each sentence using ȱ Ĵȱ only where
necessary.
1. geeta is my best Friend.
Geeta is my best friend.
2. I go to the gym every friday.
_______________________________________
3. We have a Dog. He is jimmy.
________________________________________
4. binu has a new bag.
________________________________________
5. I went to disneyland with friends.
________________________________________
6. chitwan national Park is in the terai region.
__________________________________________
36 Hello Grammar Book 2
I. Circle the proper nouns in the paragraph. Write them
correctly.
Everyone in our farm likes to celebrate the new year on
¢ǯȱ ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱę ǯȱ ȱȱ
a big cookout at the park. We even bring our dogs, tiger and
¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĞȱ ȱȱȱę ǯȱ ȱ
ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱ
on winter vacation!
J. Colour the clouds with proper nouns.
Arjun teacher country book
girl Dave singer Sonam
K. Complete the conversation below, using common nouns or
proper nouns.
Aaru: Which is your favourite ________________?
Amisha: My favourite book is ___________________.
Aaru: Who is the ______________ of this book?
Amisha: _______________ is the author of this book.
Hello Grammar Book 2 37
Aaru: Where was this book published?
Amisha: Oh, it was published in _________________.
Aaru: What makes it your favourite book?
Amisha: This book is about _____________________.
Aaru: What about the layout of the book?
Amisha: The book is colourful and has many ________________.
38 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson SINGULAR AND
7 PLURAL NOUNS
Look at the pictures. Count each item and write its number and
name on the lines given below.
one tree
Hello Grammar Book 2 39
NOTE
A singular noun is used to talk about one person, place or thing.
A plural noun is used to talk about more than one person, place
or thing.
To make a noun plural, add –s, --es, or –ies.
cat o cats bus o busesbaby o babies
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Write the words that name one ȱ ȱ Ğȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
name more than one on the right.
cap trees girl baby
caps tree girls babies
horse horses men man
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
40 Hello Grammar Book 2
ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱplural noun.
1. There are two ___________. 2. I have two ________.
3. There are three ____________. 4. There are three ___________.
C. Complete each sentence. Change the noun in the
parentheses ( ) to name more than one. Write the plural
noun on the line.
ŗǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱǯȱ
(chore)
2. Then we can ride our ___________________. (bicycle)
3. Milan and I like to play on the ___________________, too
(swing)
4. We watch the __________________ in the lake. (frog)
5. Aunt Radha always brings us ____________ from her
travels. (toy)
6. Anu has bought a few ____________________. (cup)
7. Ishika and Sameer are going to eat ________________.
(banana)
8. Our house has only four _______________. (room)
Hello Grammar Book 2 41
NOTE
Singular nouns suggest one thing. Example, ȱboyȱȱ ǯ
Plural nouns suggest more than one thing. Example, Boys are
ǯ
(more than one)
Add –es to form the plural of singular nouns that end in s, sh,
ch, or x.
foxo foxes bush o bushes match o matches
To form the plural of nouns ending in a consonant and y, change
y into i and add –es.
ponyo ponies city o cities
Some nouns change their spelling to form plurals.
mouseo mice man o men
D. Rewrite the following sentences editing the wrong plural
form of nouns.
1. The school childs took a trip to the farm.
The school children took a trip to the farm.
Řǯȱȱ
ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱęȱǵ
______________________________________
3. The ponys were eating grass.
_______________________________________
4. Several mouses were in the barn.
__________________________________________________
śǯȱȱ ȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ
__________________________________________________
42 Hello Grammar Book 2
E. Draw a line from each singular word to its matching
plural.
1. hild c feet
2. man mice
3. oot f children
4. mouse women
5. ooth t men
6. oman w teeth
F. Find and rewrite the following paragraph correcting the
mistake in spelling of plural nouns.
Thank you for reading your storys to our class. We really
liked the one about the three fox who live in three box. The
story about the ponys who turned into mouses was great!
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
G. Complete this shopping list for Aslesha’s birthday party.
Use the plural nouns given below.
glasses balloons napkins games
ȱ ȱ ȱ Ğȱ ȱ
SHOPPING LIST
DECORATIONS: streamers, bulbs , __________and _________
DINING TABLE: plates, _________ for juice, spoons & ______
EATABLES: cake, __________ and packets of ___________
FUN ACTIVITY: passing the parcel, __________, __________
for all the children.
Hello Grammar Book 2 43
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ plural
nouns.
Sandex: How many ______________ do you have now?
Rojita:ȱ ȱȱęȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǵȱ
Sandex: Well I don’t have any __________ today, I just have
__________.
Rojita: Is it so? If you don’t have any you can use mine.
Sandex: Thank you so much, I want to draw a
___________________.
Rojita: What are you planning to draw?
Sandex: I’m planning to draw _____________ with lots of
_____________.
44 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson
8 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
Look at the pictures below and answer the question: whose?
Whose shade ? Whose bushy tail?
Whose eak?b Whose runk?t
NOTE
Possessive nouns show who or what owns or has something.
Possessive nouns show what an animal, persons andȱȱown
or possess. So these nouns are called possessive nouns.
ȱȂȱȱ oooȱȱȱȱ
Hello Grammar Book 2 45
ȱȂȱȱ ooo ȱȱȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱȂȱȱ ooo ȱȱȱ
You must form possessive nouns by adding an apostrophe (‘)
and (–s).
ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȮ‘s
leaf – leaf’s person – person’s
Possessive nouns answer the question: ?
SumanȂ house.
Ȃ house.
Sandex’s shirt is very neat.
(whose?) (what?)
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Choose the correct possessive noun.
1. The ____________________ eyes are black.
A. rabbit B. rabbit’s
2. The _________ babies are called ducklings.
A. ducks B. duck’s
řǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĴȱȱǯ
A. Aarya’s B. Aarya
4. The ______________ tail wags fast.
A. puppy B. puppy’s
46 Hello Grammar Book 2
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