B. Read each sentence. If it has a possessive noun, circle the
noun and write possessive noun on the line. If it doesn’t
have a possessive noun, write no.
1. Long ago, my grandfather played baseball.
__________________________________________
2. My grandmother’s favourite game was tennis.
__________________________________________
3. Prem’s favourite game is basketball.
__________________________________________
4. Today, children play both new and old games.
__________________________________________
5. My dad’s favourite game is marbles.
__________________________________________
6. My mother’s hobby is cooking.
__________________________________________
C. Complete each sentence. Change the noun in ( ) to show
ownership.
1. We went for a walk in _________ neighbourhood. (Kripa)
2. We went to see _______________ new house. (Mrs.
Agrawal)
3. She was looking for _____________ eyeglasses. (my uncle)
4. Are they under __________________ pillow? (Bina)
5. Are they in _________________ toy bag? (Pramita)
Hello Grammar Book 2 47
D. Read each group of words. Then write it with a possessive
noun.
1. the house of Tony _________________
2. the skateboard that belongs to Tim _________________
3. the bone that belongs to Blacky _________________
4. the backpack that belongs to Prabesh ____________
5. the backpack that belongs to Aslesha_________________
NOTE
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮsǰȱȱȮ‘s
women – women’s oxen – oxen’s
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮsǰȱȱȮ ‘
players – players’ boys – boys’
Compare:
players’ jersey o (a jersey owned by all the players)
players’ jerseys oȱǻ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱěȱ¢Ǽ
E. Underline the plural possessive noun.
1. My brother found several (birds’/bird’s) nests in our yard.
2. The (squirrel’s/squirrels’) tails are bushy.
3. The (bear’s/bears’) bodies are very big.
4. The (mice’s/mices’) noses twitch when they smell a cat.
5. The (dog’s/dogs’) owners are training their pets.
48 Hello Grammar Book 2
F. Circle each singular possessive noun. Underline each plural
possessive noun.
1. Mrs. Lama’s class went to the aquarium.
2. They watched the underwater creatures’ movements.
řǯȱȱ ¢Ȃȱȱęȱ ȱȱ ęǯ
4. The sharks’ bodies were sleek, so they could swim fast.
5. Mr Thapa’s hat is missing.
Ŝǯȱȱ ȂȱĴȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ
7. Rama’s pet is ill. She is going to a veterinary.
NOTE
Always use an apostrophe (‘) to form a possessive.
Add an apostrophe and –s (‘s) to make a singular noun
possessive.
a catȂȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȂȱtail
Add an apostrophe to make most plural nouns possessive (s’).
catȂȱȱ ȱ Ȃ tails
G. Circle each mistake. Rewrite the passage in your notebook.
A frogs eggs are called egg spawn. The eggs shells protect the
egg spawn. Soon the eggs hatch. Tadpoles come out. The new
tadpoles tails are very long. Did you know that tadpoles eat
frogs eggs?
H. Complete each sentence with a plural possessive noun.
tigers’ girls’ workers’
teachers’ animals’ ladies’
Hello Grammar Book 2 49
1. The _______________locker room is big.
2. The _______________ group is for women only.
3. The supply room is only for _______________ supplies.
4. The ________________ locker room was painted orange
and black.
5. The ________________ bags room said Dynamite Dancers.
6. The _______________ cages were cleaned this morning.
I. Look at the pictures and write possessive nouns on the lines
provided.
1. _______________________ 2. _______________________
3. _______________________ 4. _______________________
50 Hello Grammar Book 2
J. Complete the following conversation using possessive
nouns.
Ziya: Are you going to Shanti ____________ home?
Alex: Yes, I am. And, what about you?
Ziya: I am going to _________________ home to play a video
game.
Alex: Where is _____________ home? Does Diya live nearby?
Ziya: Her home is next to _____________ home.
Alex: Oh. Our class teacher and Diya are neighbours. Great!
Hello Grammar Book 2 51
UNIT REVIEW: NOUNS 25
Name: ______________________ Date: ____________________
A. Identify and underline nouns in the following sentences.
(5X1=5)
1. We live in Nepal.
2. Who eats mangoes?
3. I am a student.
4. Rubina has to be sociable.
5. Give me my money.
B. Identify and label the following as Common noun or Proper
noun. (5X1=5)
1. Nepal, Mt Everest, Jhapa, Saturday:
___________________________________________
Řǯȱȱ ěǰȱǰȱ¢ǰȱǰȱ¢DZ
___________________________________________
3. Riya’s, Earth’s, students’, player’s:
___________________________________________
4. David, Kathmandu, Hima, Rojina:
___________________________________________
5. books, lions, parrots, men, women:
___________________________________________
52 Hello Grammar Book 2
C. Put aS for singular nouns and a P for plural nouns. (5X1=5)
We went shopping with Mum and Dad. We got two shopping
carts. Baby sat in one cart. We bought apples, bananas and a
pineapple. Dad wanted some carrots and a watermelon. I got a
bar of chocolate and some biscuits.
D. Write the plural form of each noun in the parentheses.
(5X1=5)
1. I saw many (frog) in the pond.
___________________________________________
2. The (brush) are very good.
___________________________________________
3. Those (seat) are not occupied.
___________________________________________
4. We saw two (man) in the forest.
___________________________________________
5. My (tooth) are aching now.
___________________________________________
E. Write the possessive form of each noun in the parentheses.
(5X1=5)
1. (Rita) sister is in second grade. _____________________
2. The (dogs) tails are wagging. ___________________
3. (Children) books are fun to read. ____________________
4. The (trees) leaves are falling. _____________________
5. Who punished naughty (student)? __________________
Hello Grammar Book 2 53
Lesson Unit 3
9 ACTION VERBS
Look at the pictures below and write what is happening on the
lines.
ȱȱȱǯ
54 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
An action verb is a word that shows an action or activity.
An action verb shows what subject (someone) is doing or does.
Jyoti her clothes.
ACTION VERBS:ȱ ¢ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ęǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ
write, etc.
The singer sings very sweetly.
Subject: A subject Action verb: This
does an action. action verb tells
what the girl does.
Most action verbs can be easily seen.
ASSIGNMENTS ____________
____________
A. Write the action verb in each sentence. ____________
1. Kripa and Binita sit on a chair. ____________
2. He reads a story to his sister, Simla. ____________
3. Shreya listens to Krishna. ____________
4. She laughs at the funny parts.
5. Krishna turns the pages.
6. He points to the pictures.
Hello Grammar Book 2 55
B. Write an action verb on the line to complete each sentence
below. Use the picture to help you.
1. Jyoti ____________with her sister.
2. Aman ___________ juice.
4. Raj _____________ a big tree.
řǯȱȱ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĚ ǯȱ
NOTE
Some action verbs are seen.
Sanjit reads a book loudly.
Some action verbs are hard to see.
Sanjit enjoysȱȱǯȱ
56 Hello Grammar Book 2
C. Underline the action verb. Then write another sentence
using the same verb.
1. The three bears walk in the woods.
_______________________________
2. Goldilocks likes the porridge.
_______________________________
3. Goldilocks sits in Baby Bear’s chair.
_______________________________
4. She breaks the chair.
________________________________________________
5. Goldilocks feels tired.
________________________________________________
6. The bears come home.
________________________________________________
D. Underlined and write the word that is an action verb.
1. Ravi makes up great stories.
_______________________________________________
2. In one story, a giant ape eats a huge forest.
_______________________________________________
3. The ape swallows whole trees in one gulp.
________________________________________________
4. Other animals live in the trees.
_________________________________________________
5. They lose their homes because of the ape.
__________________________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 2 57
6. So they move to the big city.
_________________________________________________
ŝǯȱȱ ȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ
__________________________________________________
8. The giant ape misses the other animals.
__________________________________________________
9. He plants lots and lots of new trees.
__________________________________________________
10. Soon the animals return to the forest.
__________________________________________________
E. Look at the boldfaced verbs and tick the right box.
Action Other
1. The police are walking in the street.
2. She is riding a bicycle.
3. My aunt is cooking lunch.
4. She is an active girl.
5. My aunt looks quite young.
6. Their servant is sincere.
58 Hello Grammar Book 2
F. Read the following action verbs and make sensible
sentences. There is an example done for you.
Example: ȱȱȱ ȱa picture of the sun.
Hello Grammar Book 2 59
Lesson
10 PAST TENSE VERBS
Look at these pictures, underline verbs and read the sentences
aloud.
The children ȱto school. My brother also played cricket.
I dancedȱ¢ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱtalked a lot.
The teacher askedȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ very hard.
60 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
Did you notice that the verbs have Ȯȱat the end?
The red-coloured words ending with Ȯ like walked, played,
danced, talked etc. on the previous page tell about actions that
happened at the certain time in the past.
Past actions
¢ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ
.................................................................Now ………………………
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Circle the past-tense verb in each sentence.
1. Our class visited her.
2. We learned about dinosaurs.
3. I asked a question about The Tenses.
4. A scientist answered my question.
5. Our class thanked the Principal.
6. Who erased the essay?
7. Did you know that dinosaurs once roamed the Earth?
B. Circle the verb. If the verb tells about the past, write past. If
the verb tells about now, write now.
1. The bees worked together. _______________________
2. The queen bee lays the eggs. ______________________
Hello Grammar Book 2 61
3. Other bees in the colony created cells inside the hive.
_________________
4. The eggs hatched. _____________________
5. The worker bees collect pollen and nectar.
_____________________
C. Read each verb. Add –ed so that the verb tells about the
past.
1. laugh _______________ 2. jump _________________
3. soar ________________ 4. watch _________________
5. collect ______________ 6. listen __________________
7. rest __________________ 8. enjoy__________________
D. Identify and underline the present-
tense verbs and circle the past-tense
verbs.
1. Mrs. Rai visits Lumbini in the
summer.
2. She rides the bus.
3. The train conductor walked through
the bus.
4. Mrs. Ghimire packed her own
lunch.
5. Anupama shouted at us.
E. Find the mistakes and rewrite it correctly.
Our teacher planed an awesome trip to the museum. We
learnned all about dinosaurs. We watchd a movie about
62 Hello Grammar Book 2
Tyrannosaurus Rex. We were most surprissed to see real
dinosaur fossils.
F. Rewrite each sentence to tell about the past. Change the
underlined verb to the past tense.
1. Then men and women work as a team.
2. They hunt for dinosaur bones in the desert sand.
3. One man digs his shovel into something hard.
4. He waves to the other members of his team.
5. Two women carefully pick up the dinosaur bones.
7. Later, scientists examine the bones closely.
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ȱ past tense
form.
T E S T E D T Z XC
AWE E N J O Y ED
L VD R E U F B VA
K CMA T M I M E N
E OUN D P UO PC
DWE C VWNM J E
O P E N E D A N GD
Hello Grammar Book 2 63
H. Look at the pictures below and make sentences in the past
tense.
Example: He rubbedȱȱȂȱȱ ȱȱǯ
64 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson
11 PRESENT TENSE VERBS
Look at the pictures below and tell what time you do the following
things.
ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
NOTE
We use the simple present tense to talk about habits, routines
or truths.
The simple present tense shows habits, duties or truths.
ȱtakesȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ǯ (habit)
She to school at 9 am every day. (routine)
The sun rises in the east. (truth)
Hello Grammar Book 2 65
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Identify and underline each present-tense verb in the
following.
1. Yash puts on his baseball uniform.
2. She always wears glasses.
3. Jiya and her mother go for shopping every Friday.
Śǯȱȱ ȱ ȱĚ ǯȱ
5. He hits the ball with a bat.
6. Josh’s mom cooks a delicious meal.
B. Choose the word that is a present-tense verb, or one that
tells about now. Write it on the line.
1. Papa ________________ as a waiter at the Family Fast
Food Restaurant. (works, wall, was)
2. Papa _______________________ all of his tip money. (sat,
saves, song)
3. He ___________________ to buy a new chair for their
home. (sugar, party, plans)
4. Grandma _______________ them bedtimes stories. (soup,
six, tells)
5. Everyone _______________ the way Papa works. (loved,
love, loves)
66 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
Add ȮȱȱȮȱto the base form of verbs in the simple present
tense if the subject is singular.
SINGULAR Subjects Verb Object
He
She likesȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęǯ
It
PLURAL I like playing football.
We
You
They
Past actions Future actions
.................................................. now ....................................
He opens his book.
We ȱȱĴǯ
They do their exam.
C. Draw a line under the correct present-tense verb in the
parentheses ( ). Then write another sentence using the same
verb.
1. The lady (push, pushes) the swing gently.
2. The child (giggles, giggle).
3. The children (goes, go) down the slide one at a time.
Hello Grammar Book 2 67
4. Two young boys (ride, rides) their bikes around the park.
5. One man (wear, wears) a red helmet to stay safe.
D. Add ȮȱorȮto the verb in the parentheses ( ). Then write
the word on the line.
1. My cousin (live) ___________________ in a big city.
2. My grandmother (like) ___________________ to be in the
country.
3. She (grow) __________________ her own vegetables in
her garden.
4. She also (take) __________________ care of many animals.
5. The boy (watch) ___________________ television in the
evening.
6. The driver (drive) _________________ very carefully.
E. Label the sentences as a habit, duty or truth.
ŗǯȱȱ ȱĞȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
2. My mother teaches English. _________________
3. My friends always speak the truth. _________________
4. Samjhana takes care of her patients. _________________
5. Rima goes to bed very late. _________________
6. Trees give us oxygen. _________________
F. Find mistakes in the paragraph. Then rewrite it.
ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęęǰȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ
ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱęęȱȱȱȱȱȱ
ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ
All the strangers does not do good. Only our parents takes
care of us.
68 Hello Grammar Book 2
G. Read each sentence. Circle the present-tense verb.
1. Many animals live in the jungle.
2. Tigers hunt in the jungle.
řǯȱȱ ȱȱĚ¢ȱȱȱǯ
4. Monkeys swing from tree to tree in the jungle.
5. Leopards run very fast.
H. Complete the table with the activities you do on Saturdays.
Time Activities
6:00 am I get up.
8:00 am
9:00 am
11:00 am I take a shower.
12:00 noon
2:00 pm
4:00 pm
6:00 pm
8:00 pm
9:00 pm I go to bed.
Hello Grammar Book 2 69
I. Read the paragraph. Write a verb from the box to complete
each sentence. Use the correct form.
ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
Meena (1) __________ to the library on Saturday mornings.
First, she (2) __________ her books from the week before. Then,
she (3) _____________ a new book to check out.Her friends,
Sima and Aakash, (4) _____________ to the library, too.They
¢ȱǻśǼȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱǯȱ ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱȱ
to check out. They (6) ____________ under their favourite
tree and (7) _______________ at one another’s books.
J. Activity
Ask your friend what he or she does on Saturdays? Write a
paragraph about him or her Saturdays.
ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ
tense verbs.
70 Hello Grammar Book 2
ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱ
of the simple present tense verbs.
Subina: What time do you _________, Aslesha?
Aslesha: I always _____________ at 6 except for holidays.
Subina:ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱĞȱ¢ȱȱǵ
Aslesha: I wash my face and _________________ teeth for 2
minutes.
Subina: Then?
Aslesha: I _______________ a shower to be fresh.
Subina:ȱ Ğȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǵȱ
Aslesha: I ___________ my breakfast and ___________ books
for 2 hours.
Subina: You have got a wonderful routine!
Hello Grammar Book 2 71
Lesson
12 THE VERB ‘HAVE’
Read the passage below carefully, and look how the verbs—
have and has are used.
Namaste! I am Santosh Thapa. I have a Nepalese citizenship
ęǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ
am alone because I do not have a family. I have a . It has
ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱěȱǯȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ
have a pleasant voice. My voice has some power. People listen
to my songs and music and they give me some money. I do not
have much money. I am an ordinary man. I am an old man, so
I have white hair and moustache. I always wear this cap which
has stripes.
72 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
The verb ‘have’ has a special form in the present tense.
‘Has’ or ‘Have’ shows possession.
Use has when the subject is singular and have when the subject
is plural.
PLURAL SINGULAR Subjects Verb Object
He has a ar. c
She
It
I have a helicopter.
We
You
They
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Complete each sentence with has or have.
1. We _________________ a school play in the winter.
2. My sister _______________ a singing part.
3. My friends Lilyana and Samip __________________
talking parts.
Śǯȱȱ ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱĚȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ
5. My teacher _____________________ a diamond ring.
Ŝǯȱȱ ȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ
play.
Hello Grammar Book 2 73
B. Circle the verb in the parentheses ( ) that best completes
each sentence.
1. Manohar (had, have) a dream about momo.
2. Now Manohar (have, has) a momo.
3. He (has, have) an idea.
4. You (has, have) a great personality.
5. He and I (has, have) to work hard.
6. A tiger (have, has) four legs.
C. Change the verb have from the present tense to the past tense
in each sentence. Write the new sentences. There is an example
done for you.
1. We have our dance show in January.
Example: We had ȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ǯ
2. The show has three parts.___________________________
3. I have a lead role. __________________________________
4. Mohini has a solo. _________________________________
śǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱĞȱȱ ǯȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
6. She has curly hair. _________________________________
7. Pratyush has a sweet voice. _________________________
NOTE
When we make the sentences with have or has into negative, we
add notȱĞȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱdo not or does not in the front
of have or has. We can also use ȂȱorȱȂȱfor short.
Rajendra has not ¢ȱȱǯȱ
They have not done it.
Shiva does not have a job.
74 Hello Grammar Book 2
D. Now, change these sentences into negative.
1. Rama has a scooter.
2. I have got a new toy.
3. Sangam and Binam have a pet.
4. My dog has long ears.
5. He has got a job.
6. She has a basketball.
7. Bandana has balloons.
F. Based on the pictures, write sentences using has or have.
1. ………………………………….. 2. ……………………………….
3. ……………………………………… 4. …………………………
Hello Grammar Book 2 75
E. Cross out the incorrect form of verb have to complete the
sentence.
1. My best friend Aarav and I (have, has) big dreams.
2. Aarogya (have, has) dreams of being a singer on
Bollywood.
3. Even as a baby, he (has, had) good voice.
4. His dreams (have, has) a good chance of coming true.
5. Today, I (have, had) a dream of playing for Barcelona FC.
6. My father (have, has) his old guitar in the garage.
7. He and his friends (have, has) a plan to open a garage
soon.
76 Hello Grammar Book 2
UNIT REVIEW: VERBS (TENSE) 25
Name: ______________________ Date: ____________________
A. Identify and circle action verbs in the following sentences.
(5X1=5)
1. Akhil watched a movie.
2. Dipesh ran to a temple.
3. Rekha and Binisha helped each
other.
4. Gyanu taught us physics.
5. Raman told us a story.
B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the simple present
tense. (5)
1. Dad ____________________ of the plants. (take)
2. His son __________________ to help him. (want)
3. He _________________ a big tin can. (get)
Śǯȱȱ
ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱ ȱ ǯȱǻęǼ
5. Then he _______________ it over to Dad. (bring)
C. Change the italicised words in the past form. (5X1=5)
1. I look at myself in the mirror.
2. We play a friendly match.
3. I call my mother.
4. They ȱȱĴǯ
5. Subham kick a ball.
Hello Grammar Book 2 77
D. Identify and circle the verb in each sentence. Then label it
as present orpast. (5X1=5)
ŗǯȱȱ
ȱęȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
Řǯȱȱ ȱȱȱĞȱ¢¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
3. Our Class Teacher told us a story. _________________
4. Read a newspaper every day. _________________
5. Students have their notebooks. _________________
E. Cross out the incorrect have or has and correct the story
below. (5X1=5)
“Brother has / have got a new toy!” shouted Suman at his
dad. “And I don’t have / has one.” “Don’t worry,” said dad,
“Your grandpa have / has got one for you. He will bring it
here today.” Dad said, “Your grandpa has / have got a big
heart. He has / have everything you want.”
GOOD LUCK !
78 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson Unit 4
13 LINKING VERBS
She is a doctor. Dolphins areȱȱǯȱ
ȱȱ ȱon the tree. He is very happy.
All of the red-coloured words are linking verbs. Linking verbs do
not show any action. They connect the subject to a noun or adjective
in the predicate.
Mammals + are + warm-blooded.
(subject) + (linking verb) + (adjective)
(predicate)
Hello Grammar Book 2 79
NOTE
The word ‘be’ is a common linking verb. ‘Be’ has special forms
in the present tense.
Subjects Linking verbs Phrases/Adjectives
I am happy (adjective)
He/She/It is or ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ(noun phrase)
They/We/You are orȱ kind. (adjective)
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Write am, is, or are to complete each sentence that tells about
now.
1. Mammals __________________ warm-blooded.
2. A cow ____________________ a mammal.
3. Dolphins __________________ mammals, too.
4. I _______________ a mammal!
5. Cows ________________ plant eaters.
6. A dolphin ________________ a meat eater.
7. I ____________________ a meat eater, too.
8. What _____________________ your favourite kind of
mammal?
B. Write am, isorareand complete the sentences that tells about
now.
1. Saanvi Shrestha _____________________
2. She ________________________________
3. We _________________________________
80 Hello Grammar Book 2
4. I ____________________________________
5. They ________________________________
6. You __________________________________
7. He ___________________________________
C. Circle the correct linking verb in ( ). Then write the complete
sentence.
1. Yesterday I (was, were) in the woods.
_______________________________________
2. There (was, were) a deer eating leaves.
_______________________________________
3. The birds (was, were) in the air.
_______________________________________
4. A squirrel (was, were) up in a tree.
_______________________________________
5. Students (was, were) cheerful yesterday.
________________________________________
6. My mother (were, was) healthy.
____________________________________________
7. I (am, wasǼȱęȱȱ ȱȱǯ
_____________________________________________
D. Write the correct verb for each word. Use am, is are, was and
were.
Now Past
1. I __________________ I ___________________
2. you _______________ you ___________________
Hello Grammar Book 2 81
3. he __________________ he ____________________
4. we __________________ we ____________________
5. she __________________ she ____________________
6. they __________________ they ___________________
7. it __________________ it ____________________
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ
passage in your notebook.
Brown bears is one of the largest types of bears. A female
brown bear are about half size of a male. These bears has thick
fur that are usually brown. Some bears is lighter, and other is
almost black. Brown bear cubs are born between january and
march.
F. Write each sentence, using the correct linking verb in the
parentheses ( ).
1. Last night, there (is, was) a crowd at the park.
Řǯȱȱ ȱǰȱęȱȱǻǰȱ Ǽȱȱȱȱǯ
řǯȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǻǰȱ Ǽȱęȱ ǯȱ
4. I (am, was) the only guitar player in those days.
5. Jitu (is, were) a journalist.
6. My cousin (was, is) a lawyer and lecturer.
G. Rewrite the following changing the present tense verbs into
the past tense verbs.
1. I am at the kitchen window.
2. The leaves of the maple tree are red.
3. A chipmunk is in the grass.
82 Hello Grammar Book 2
4. Its nest is under the ground.
5. Some nuts and seeds are on the grass.
H. Look at the pictures and make sentences using linking
verbs.
1. ………………………………….. 2. ……………………………….
3. ……………………………………… 4. …………………………
Hello Grammar Book 2 83
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ linking
verbs.
Anup: I don’t know why Binay _____ sad today.
Rekha: I think his mother _______ ill.
Anup:ȱ ȱȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱęȱ¢¢ǯȱ
Rekha: Where _______ his father now? What _______
he?
Anup: His father must be at work. He _______ an
accountant.
Rekha: We ______ so lucky that our parents _________
ęȱ ǯȱ
84 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson
14 HELPING VERBS
Look at the picture below and answer the following questions.
1. What do you see in the picture?
2. What are they doing?
3. What are the two boys doing?
Hello Grammar Book 2 85
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Read the text below and write the underlined words in the
box.
These six children are having fun in a fun park. The park has
been well-maintained. These children have got permission to
play in the park. The girl with the pink T-shirt is trying to
ȱȱĴĚ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ ȱȱisplaying with
dices. Two boys areȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱĚ ȱhave
ȱĴȱȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱhave never been to
such a beautiful park before.
NOTE
A helping verb helps another verb (main verb) show an action.
‘Have’ and ‘has’ are helping verbs.
Subjects Helping verbs Objects
They/We have eaten food.
He/She/ has eaten food.
Has orhave helps to tell about things that have already happened.
I have already taken a photo.
86 Hello Grammar Book 2
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Write has orhaveto complete each sentence.
1. The mother bird ___________________ been searching for
food.
2. She ___________________ found worms for her chicks.
3. The chicks______________ eaten the worms.
4. Oh no, the nest _______________ fallen out of the tree!
śǯȱ ȱ¡ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĴȱȱǯ
6. I hope those foxes ____________ already had their lunch!
7. The mother bird ______________ tried to protect her
chicks.
8. The chicks__________________ escaped!
NOTE
Helping verbs—ǰȱǰȱǰȱ ȱandȱ show actions in progress.
Subjects Helping verbs Objects
I amȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯ
He/She isȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯ
You/They areȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ
B. Choose the correct helping verb in ( ). Then write the
complete sentence.
1. The chicks (was, were) following their mother.
2. The mother bird (was, were) protecting her babies.
3. One chick (is, are) pecking around for food.
Hello Grammar Book 2 87
4. I (am, are) watching the chicks.
5. Another chick (is, are) hiding behind its mother.
C. Read the paragraph and rewriteit correctly in your notebook.
In school we is learning about gorillas. Gorillas are large and
gentle apes said our teacher. We read that they live in Africa.
We has also learned that gorillas eat vegetables. I is excited to
learn more about gorillas.
D. Circle the correct helping verb and then write it in the blank
to complete each sentence.
1. The whales __________________ been searching for food.
have has is are
Řǯȱȱ ȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
the sea.
has am have are
řǯȱȱ ȱęȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱ
jaw.
is has were am
Śǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĴȱ ǯ
have am is are
5. People ______________ working hard to help the whale.
were have has is
6. They _________________ untangled the line and saved
the whale.
has am are have
88 Hello Grammar Book 2
E. Read each sentence. If the sentence has a helping verb,
circle it and write yes. If it does not have a helping verb,
write no.
1. People have been reading books for years.
________________________________________________
2. I have read many interesting books.
________________________________________________
3. Books are available everywhere.
________________________________________________
4. Writers read books a lot.
________________________________________________
śǯȱȱ
ȱȱ Ĵȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ
________________________________________________
Ŝǯȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱǯȱ
________________________________________________
7. Books must be kept safely.
________________________________________________
NOTE
Helping verbs are always followed by main verbs.
Riyaisȱȱǯȱ
(main verb)
Hello Grammar Book 2 89
F. Circle the main verb. Underline the helping verb.
ŗǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱęǯ
2. Riya has collected hats for years.
3. Many people have found things to collect.
Śǯȱ ȱȱȱěȱǯȱ
5. We have sought unique ways of passing time.
G. Make sensible sentences using helping verbs.
90 Hello Grammar Book 2
Lesson
15 IRREGULAR VERBS
ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ
words.
ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱ
boy with white hair went into Jack’s classroom and took Jack out
of the classroom. Rosy cried and told the strong boy humbly not
to take Jack anywhere. But the strong boy didȱ¢ȱȱĴȱȱ
Rosy’s request. Now Jack also wept because the strong boy tore
Jack’s T-shirt. The strong boy dragged Jack across the zebra crossing.
Then Jack woke up. It was just a dream.
Hello Grammar Book 2 91
NOTE
All of the red-coloured words in the story on the previous page
are past forms of verbs. They do not end in –ed. So they are
known as irregular verbs.
Present form Past form Present form Past form
go went (goed) take took (taked)
tell told (telled) do did (doed)
weep wept (weeped) wake woke (waked)
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Circle the correct verb in ( ). Then write the complete
sentence.
1. Our class (go, went) to the library to learn about history.
2. Last year we (do, did) a lot to learn about history.
3. Our forefathers (ęǰȱ) bravely with the British.
4. What (do, did) other countries do to stop the war?
5. Last year we (maked, made) a presentation on the war.
6. Everyone (do, did) a lot of work collecting information
on the war.
7. Everyone (come, came) to see our presentation.
8. Everyone (ǰȱ ĴǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ
presentation.
9. Everyone (do, did) well during the presentation.
92 Hello Grammar Book 2
NOTE
The verbs –say and see have special forms in the past tense.
Present form Past form
see saw
say said
B. Rewrite the sentence using the past tense of the boldfaced
verbs.
1. I seeȱȱ¢ȱĴǯ
2. I say “Don’t pollute!”
3. We see him pick up his garbage.
4. “Thank you!” we say.
5. The children seeȱȱȱȱĴǯ
6. “Clean up!” the children say to all of them.
C. Read the paragraph. Find the mistakes. Rewrite it correctly.
Our class go to the planetarium last Tuesday. “Venus is very
hot,” say our teacher. What planets does you know about?
D. Write the past tense of the verb in ( ) to complete each
sentence.
1. I _______________ a movie about helping our planet.
(see)
2. Our teacher _________________ we have to change bad
habits. (say)
3. Karuna, _______________ you see the runningtap? (do)
Hello Grammar Book 2 93
4. The water _______________down the drain and was
wasted. (go)
5. Mom _______________ that the light was on, but we
weren’t there. (see)
6. All the children ________________to bed at around 10
pm. (go)
ŝǯȱȱ ¢ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ¢ȱȱȱȱěȱȱ ǯȱǻ¢Ǽ
8. In the past, we ________________ many things without
thinking. (do)
NOTE
The verbs—come and run have special forms in the past tense.
Present form Past form
come came
run ran
E. Circle the correct verb in ( ) to complete each sentence.
1. Krishna (come, came) home when the storm began.
2. The rain (come, came) down fast and hard.
3. Sagira (ran, run) home quickly, too.
4. On his way, Prasant (ran, run) into a store.
5. Lakpa and Samar (come, came) into the store, too.
6. Together they (run, ran) through the raindrops.
7. When they (came, come) inside, they were soaking wet.
8. Tenzing and I (run, ran) to get towels.
94 Hello Grammar Book 2
F. Read each sentence. Underline the verb. If the verb is present
tense, write now. If the verb is past tense, write then.
1. ShreyaJha gave herself a new bag. ______________
2. She sees the mountains from her window. ____________
řǯȱȱ ȱȱĴȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
4. Mira and Pranita came to Shreya’s school. _____________
5. Chandra must go to school to learn his ABCs. __________
6. Today, Shreya gives a speech to her schoolmates. ________
NOTE
The verbs—give and sing have special forms in the past tense.
Present form Past form
give gave
sing sang
G. Change the boldfaced word to past tense and write it in
your notebook.
1. I sing the song about raindrops.
2. I giveȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱĴȱǯ
3. We sing in a high voice.
4. They sing in a low voice.
5. We give our winter coats to charity.
6. You give money for earthquake victims, too.
Hello Grammar Book 2 95
H. Read the paragraph and rewrite it correctly in your
notebook.
Only two friends come to my party because it snowed. We
runned around in the snow and had fun. One friend give me
ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱĞǰȱ ȱǯȱ
Then they sing Happy Birthday to me, and we ate cake.
I. Complete the chart with the correct form of each irregular
verbǯȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ
Irregular Present (Now) Past (Then)
come come, comes came
run _____________ ran
give give, gives ______________
go _____________ went
do ______________ did
see see, sees ______________
J. Look at the pictures and make sentences using the irregular
form of past tense verbs.
1. (swim) ……………………….. 2. (write) …………………….
96 Hello Grammar Book 2
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