Hello
Hello
Grammar
Grammar
Grade 6
Approved by the
Curriculum Development Centre,
Ministry of Education, Sano Thimi
Kantipur Education Development Council
Dhumbarahi, Chakrapath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 2151710 TABlE of ConTEnTs
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kedcnepal.com
© Kantipur Education Development Council 2058
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, except as may be expressly permitted in writing by the publisher.
Distributor: KEDC
Printed in Nepal
Written by:
Amar Bahadur Sherma (M.A.) English
Advisor:
Dave Mapalad (M.Ed) TESOL
Subadra Shresta
Editor:
Jerell Morales-Shrestha (M.Ed.) Education Management
Layout Artist:
Hazel Joy Malagonio
About the Book
The revised Hello Grammar is written exactly how teachers and students
should use grammar. During the first phases of a new unit or lesson when the
students are trying to grasp an initial understanding of the form and meaning
of a structure clear and precise explanations are crucial, therefore this book
is designed for that purpose. It uses a grammar-based approach integrated
with easy to understand explanations with a variety of exercises. The book
is practical and very useful for teachers as it also includes a separate class-
work and homework exercises. We hope that the book will help teachers and
students enjoy learning the English Grammar.
TABlE of ConTEnTs
UniT 1
lesson 1: sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
lesson 2: subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
lesson 3: synthesis of sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
lesson 4: Run-on sentences and
sentence fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
lesson 5: Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
UniT 2
lesson 6 : nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
lesson 7 : Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
lesson 8 : Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
lesson 9 : Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
lesson 10 : Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
UniT 3
lesson 11: Action Verbs and state Verbs . . . . . . 93
lesson 12: Transitive Verbs and
intransitive Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
lesson 13: objects and Complements . . . . . . . . 102
lesson 14: finite Verbs and
non-finite Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
lesson 15: Auxiliary Verbs and Model Verbs . . 108
TABlE of ConTEnTs
UniT 4
lesson 16 : Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
lesson 17 : Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
lesson 18 : Active Voice and Passive Voice . . . . . . . 134
lesson 19 : Direct speech and indirect speech . . . . 141
lesson 20: Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
UniT 5
lesson 21: Gathering the subject Matter . . . . . . . . 156
lesson 22: Choosing Right Describing Words . . . . 161
lesson 23: Collocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
lesson 24: letter Writing, Paragraph Writing,
story Writing, Composing limericks
and story Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
lesson 25: idiomatic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
lesson 26: Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
UNIT 1
Lesson 1: Sentences
Read the following.
Your is what name. These two groups of words don’t make
Live in I Kathmandu. sense.
These words are not properly arranged.
So, they are not sentences.
Now compare the two sentences above with the below sentences:
What is your name? Both of these groups of words are meaningful.
I live in Kathmandu. These words are in a proper order.
So, they are sentences.
A Sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense as a
whole. A sentence has a subject and a predicate.
For example: Diya ran very fast to win the race.
Subject = Diya
Predicate = ran very fast to win the race
The subject of a sentence is a person, thing or place the sentence tells
about.
For example: Rohini phoned me two hours ago.
Subject = ‘Rohini’
The predicate of a sentence is that part of a sentence which has a verb.
It also provides information about the subject.
For example: Children play soccer in the playground. (predicate)
All sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop (.),
question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!).
5 Hello Grammar 6
EXERCISES
A. Identify whether the following groups of words are a Subject or a
Predicate.
1. Rizma ____________________________
2. A tall man ____________________________
3. went out of the car ____________________________
4. are eaten by spiders ____________________________
5. is a dangerous task ____________________________
6. The boy in the red uniform ____________________________
7. Ananya with her friends ____________________________
8. were invited to his bachelor’s party ____________________________
B. Write ‘S’ if the underlined parts are Subjects and ‘P’ if they are
Predicates in the following sentences.
1. Gungun left the party quite early. ________
2. Ramesh works hard throughout the year. _______
3. A regular check-up can make us aware of our health. _________
4. Sumitra and her friends are going on a picnic to Nagarkot. ________
5. When will he come back? ________
6. Are you going anywhere? _________
7. Please take your seat. _________
8. What happened next? _________
9. There are two novels on my table. _________
10. Anuska yelled. ________
Classwork: Make students write at least 10 sentences about their
favourite pets like a dog, cat, rabbit, etc. in their notebook.
6 Hello Grammar 6
C. Write the following groups of words in a proper order to make them
meaningful.
1. At the of all the the audiences end cheered show up.
___________________________________________________________
2. Scholarship won Aslesha has a .
___________________________________________________________
3. A sitting one-eyed log man on the.
___________________________________________________________
4. A restrictedtourists area for.
___________________________________________________________
5. slept Srijana earlier night last.
___________________________________________________________
Types of Sentences
1. Declarative
4. Exclamatory SENTENCES 2. Interrogative
3. Imperative
Classwork: The teacher should divide the class into four groups first.
Then, group A should write 5 statements about their group, group
B should write 5 questions to be asked to the President, group C
should write 5 orders their parents give them every day and group
D should write 5 sentences that show wonder, surprise, anger, etc.
7 Hello Grammar 6
A Declarative/Assertive sentence states, asserts or declares something.
It is further divided into two kinds: Affirmative and Negative. It simply
ends with a full stop. - (.)
Examples: Amrita drew a map of Nepal. (affirmative/ positive)
Amrita didn’t draw a map of Nepal. (negative)
Generally, auxiliary verbs or modals like is, am, are, was, were, can, do,
did, has, have, does, may, might, must, should, would, will, shall, etc.
are immediately followed by ‘not’ in negative sentences.
Affirmative/Positive Negative
a. Diya has played basketball. Diya has not played basketball.
b. Srijana may win a prize. Srijana may not win a prize.
c. We shall sing a song tonight. We shall not (shan’t) sing a song
d. They met us last week. tonight.
e. Kripa works hard. They didn’t meet us last week.
Kripa does not work hard.
EXERCISES
A. Rearrange the jumbled words given below to make correct Declarative
Sentences. The underlined word is the first word of each sentence.
1. lion/ of /the king/ the/was/ the jungle.
___________________________________________________________
2. is/ Ramu/ not/ eating/ slice/ a/ cake/ of.
___________________________________________________________
3. Bikash/ Pokhara / visit/ will/ family/ his/ with/ month/ next.
___________________________________________________________
4. writing/ friend/ was/ letter/ my/ me/ to / a.
___________________________________________________________
5. we/ a lot of/ people/ talked / to.
___________________________________________________________
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B. Change the following sentences into negative sentences.
1. Binu has watched many Hollywood movies.
___________________________________________________________
2. Dipakis swimming in the river.
___________________________________________________________
3. Keshav and his friends were playing the piano.
___________________________________________________________
4. Prem should write an e-mail to his employer.
___________________________________________________________
5. Dristi had her hair trimmed.
___________________________________________________________
An Interrogative sentence asks something. In interrogative sentences,
auxiliaries or modals normally come before the subject.
For example: Are you an intelligent girl?
(auxiliary verb) (subject)
Two kinds of Interrogative sentence: Wh-questions and Yes/no
questions. It ends with a question mark. - (?)
Examples: Are you fond of travelling?[auxiliary verb]
This sentence is a Yes/no question because it begins
with an auxiliary verb and the question is answerable
by yes or no.
When did you hit her in the head?
[Wh-word] [auxiliary]
This sentence begins with a Wh-word and requires new information.
Some examples of Wh-words are: what, when, where, how, whose, which, etc.
9 Hello Grammar 6
EXERCISES
A. Write Interrogative Sentences using the following Declarative
Sentences.
1. We speak English at school.
___________________________________________________________
2. She hates junk food.
___________________________________________________________
3. My daughter likes drawing pictures in her free time.
___________________________________________________________
4. They won’t go horse-riding.
___________________________________________________________
5. He had a bike last year.
___________________________________________________________
B. Change the following Yes/No questions into Wh-questions.
1. Must I attend your party?
___________________________________________________________
2. Can you turn the lights off?
___________________________________________________________
3. Have you got your driver’s license?
___________________________________________________________
4. Will you befriend me?
___________________________________________________________
5. Are you classmates?
___________________________________________________________
10 Hello Grammar 6
An Imperative sentence expresses commands, orders, suggestions,
advice, request,etc.
The subject—you of imperative sentences is usually hidden.
Examples: (You)Lend me your car for a day, please. (request)
Please take off your shoes before you enter the room. (request)
Generally, the subject—you is mentioned if imperative sentences express
advice or suggestions.
Examples: You should sleep at least eight hours every day. (advice)
You’d better consult a dictionary. (advice)
Like declarative sentences, it also ends with a full stop. - (.)
Imperatives are a very direct way of telling people to do something.
Using do or please before an imperative is more polite.
C. Identify and underline imperative sentences in the following dialogue.
This is a dialogue between a teacher and a student who comes late to class.
Student: May I come in, Sir?
Teacher: Yes, stand here. Why do you always come late?
Student: It is the bus which makes me late.
Teacher: What time do you leave home for school?
Student: I always leave home at a quarter to eight.
Teacher: How far is your home from here?
Student: It’s about three kilometers from here.
Teacher: That is why, you are late. You should leave your home earlier.
Student: I get up at 7 o’clock.
Teacher: Don’t you say your prayer?
Student: Not regularly.
Teacher: Oh my dear! Change your routine. Always get up early in the
morning. Take your breakfast at the right time and then leave for school.
Student: You are right, Sir. I shall never be late again.
Teacher: That’s a good boy.
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D. Label each sentence as command, advice and request.
1. Take off your shoes right away. ________________________________
2. Please turn the volume down. _________________________________
3. You ought to help the needy. _________________________________
4. You’d had better open a savings account. _______________________
5. Open your book to page no. 134. ______________________________
6. You should be kind to them. __________________________________
7. Please give me a call tomorrow. _______________________________
An Exclamatory sentence demonstrates a strong feeling and emotion.
An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark. – (!)
Examples: Alas! My dog is dead. (shock)
Wow! You look pretty in this dress. (admiration)
Oh my god! I can’t believe my eyes. (surprise)
Ouch! You stepped on my toe. (anger)
The words ‘what’ and ‘how’ intensify the expression.
Examples: Wow! The UK is a developed country. (mild admiration)
What a developed country the UK is! (extreme admiration)
What + (a/an) adjective + noun
If there is no article—a, an or the, the word ‘how’ must be used to
intensify the emotion.
For example: How talented Albert Einstein was!
How + adjective + noun
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EXERCISES
A. Rewrite the following sentences as exclamatory sentences.
1. You are a versatile person.
___________________________________________________________
2. Nepal is a multi-ethnic country.
____________________________________________________________
3. Aditya is a wonderful director.
____________________________________________________________
4. Our school has been a new champion.
___________________________________________________________
5. My grandmother is dead.
___________________________________________________________
Classwork: Get students to step into an imaginary world and they
are to use the four types of sentences in their essay.
B. Copy the following sentences onto your notebook, punctuate them
and identify the types of sentence.
1. Are those birds from North America
2. Kate and Sandra are at work today because it is a holiday
3. What a pretty girl Aslesha is
4. Bravo You did well
5. When are you getting married to each other
6. Have you read Shakespear’s King Lear
7. You ought to make an appointment
8. Sarala does not fly kites.
9. Goma watched a movie
10. Let the dog sleep for a while
13 Hello Grammar 6
C. If the following groups of words make sentences, leave them as it is.
If not, add more words to make a complete sentence.
1. He loves dancing to Western songs ____________________________
2. The bird __________________________________________________
3. Why can’t you _____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________ sit on the fence.
5. _______________________________________________ new shoes?
6. Do not spit here ___________________________________________
7. Tokyo is the capital of Japan __________________________________
8. Students slept _____________________________________________
EXERCISES
A. Look at the following jumbled sentences from an interview. Put the
words in the correct order to form interrogative sentences that the
journalist asked a celebrity.
1. last/ how long/ the acting course / did ?
____________________________________________________________
2. enjoy / the course/ did you ?
____________________________________________________________
3. would / you / the present film industry / how / in Nepal / describe ?
____________________________________________________________
4. is / your / who / role model / for acting ?
____________________________________________________________
5. for new comers / any advice / have / do you ?
____________________________________________________________
6. are / happy/ you / present/ situation/ your / with ?
____________________________________________________________
7. are / to / married / planning / you / get ?
____________________________________________________________
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B. Change the following sentences as indicated in the parenthesis.
1. Jane is very nervous about going on holiday alone. (Yes/no Question)
2. Simon is late again. (Exclamatory)
3. Bill has the habit of borrowing money without hesitation. (Negative)
4. Martina studies seriously. (Imperative)
5. Suraj doesn’t have any aims either. (Affirmative)
6. Sushant shall climb Mt. Everest next year. (Negative)
7. Is Suraj editing an essay? (Assertive)
Classwork: Teachers are required to read the exclamatory sentences
aloud with expressions, especially bravo, wow, hurrah, ouch, gosh,
fantastic, amazing, and unbelievable. Ask students to write at least a
couple of sentences and read out the sentences the way you did.
C. Read the following passage. Then write the correct sentences from
the passage in the boxes they belong to.
A burglary took place in Ipswich sometime yesterday. The thieves
made a big hole in a wall when they entered. Oh my God! How could
they have done this! It seems a certain amount of money was
found and stolen. Police say they do not have any clue, but they
know these kinds of burglaries are quite common in the country.
Can the police make such an excuse? All the while, the police just
say, ‘Please don’t leave your home unattended”.
Types Examples
Assertive
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
15 Hello Grammar 6
When it comes to changing Affirmative sentences into Negative ones, in
some situations, we have to change the words instead of adding ‘not’.
Examples: Lionel Messi always scores a goal in each match (Affirmative)
Lionel Messi never scores a goal in each match. (Negative)
He loves singing too.
too either
He does not love singing either.
We haven’t played a match yet.
already yet
We have already played a match.
Remember the hardlyusually; someany; either or neither nor;
opposite pairs: all ofnone of; and soand neither, etc.
When ‘have’, ‘has’, ‘had’, etc. is used as a main verb, questions and
negative statements can be formed with don’t, doesn’t, or didn’t + v1:
Example: Rita had a helicopter in 2011.
Rita has a helicopter now.
Rita and Dibya have a helicopter now.
Rita didn’t have a helicopter in 2011.
Rita doesn’t have a helicopter now.
Rita and Dibya don’t have a helicopter now.
If the word ‘had’ was used as an auxiliary verb, we would just add ‘not’.
And the sentence would be:
Example: Rita had had a helicopter in 2011.
had (not) + v3
16 Hello Grammar 6
D. Transform the following sentences into Negative sentences.
1. They bought something yesterday for her birthday.
___________________________________________________________
2. Ram loves watching horror movies. And so do I.
___________________________________________________________
3. All of them passed the exam with flying colours.
___________________________________________________________
4. Bimal has already led the national football squad of Nepal.
___________________________________________________________
5. I also write with my left hand.
___________________________________________________________
6. My brother has a car in the UK.
___________________________________________________________
7. Let us play soccer now.
___________________________________________________________
17 Hello Grammar 6
E. Are the following sentences correct? If not, correct them.
1. What heart-rending story she narrated yesterday.
___________________________________________________________
2. How a young and brilliant is she!
___________________________________________________________
3. If only I had listened to my parents’ advice?
___________________________________________________________
4. She listened to my story very patiently!
___________________________________________________________
5. Ram didn’t informed me last week about it.
___________________________________________________________
6. Don’t do run that way on this slippery road.
___________________________________________________________
7. How tall is your friend! He must be above 6 ft.
___________________________________________________________
8. How they could have said so!
___________________________________________________________
9. You should takes of shoes.
___________________________________________________________
10. Are Bini and her friends helpful.
___________________________________________________________
18 Hello Grammar 6
Lesson 2: Subjects and Predicates
Look at the following groups of words.
is my friend Do these words tell what or who we are
lives in Kathmandu. talking about?
Are they subjects?
They are not subjects. These words don’t tell who or what we are talking
about. Now, look at the following.
Shyam Do these words tell what or who we are
My friend Shyam talking about?
Are they subjects?
They are subjects. These words tell who we are talking about.
Any noun or pronoun that we talk about is known as the Subject
of a sentence. In Assertive sentences, the subject is usually placed
before the predicate.
Examples: Shyam is my friend. (subject)
A subject often is a doer or performer of an action in a sentence.
In a corner stood my friend Shyam. (subject)
the doer of this action.
A Complete Subject is comprised of more than one part of speech to
construct a subject.
Examples: A middle-aged wise man came up to me. (complete subject)
(a = article, middle-aged = adjective, wise = adjective and
man = noun)
19 Hello Grammar 6
A Simple Subject includes either a noun or pronoun.
Example: Elena makes delicious cake. (simple subject)
(noun)
A Compound Subject has two or more nouns that serve as a single
subject.
Example: Mike’s and Alan’s father is same. (compound subject)
(nouns)
Three nouns: Mike’s, Alan’s and father.
EXERCISES
A. Use single or compound subjects to make the sentences below
more meaningful.
1. __________________ is indestructible.
2. __________________ lives in a hermit.
3. __________________ soon faded away.
4. __________________ should not be laughed at.
5. __________________ can make a great teacher in the days to come.
6. __________________ dragged me by my collar.
7. __________________ is a key to success.
8. __________________ love reciting poetry with gestures.
Classwork: Let students write at least FIVE sentences in their
notebooks and ask them to exchange their notebooks with their
seat mates to identify the subjects of the sentences.
20 Hello Grammar 6
B. Pick subjects from the sentences in the table and write in the
subject column.
Sentences Subject
1. The cracking of geese saved
Rome.
2. Bad habits grow unconsciously.
3. We cannot pump the sea dry.
4. Is Roshni a beautiful lady?
5. What is Samikshya doing at the
moment?
6. Tell me your name, please.
7. What happened next?
8. An expired medicine is being
sold in the market.
9. Don’t spit here.
C. Write ‘T’ for true statements and ‘F’ for false statements.
1. Only adjectives can be subjects of sentences. _________________
2. Subjects are always placed before the predicate. _______________
3. Subjects often say who or what performs the action that the verb
refers to. ______________
4. A complete subject includes only one type of part of speech.
________________
5. A simple subject is comprised of a noun or pronoun. ____________
6. Subjects always begin with a capital letter. _________________
7. Subjects are not that important in sentences. ________________
21 Hello Grammar 6
Look at the following groups of words
Shyam Do these words tell something about
My friend Shyam someone or something?
Are they predicates?
They are not predicates. These words don’t tell anything about anyone
or anything.
Now, look at the following groups of words.
is a good friend. Do these words tell something about
lives in Jhapa. someone or something?
Are they predicates?
They are predicates. These words tell something about the subjects like
‘Shyam’ and ‘My friend Shyam’.
The part which tells something about the subject
is called the Predicate of the sentence.
Example: Shyam is a good friend. (predicate)
A predicate gives information about the subject.
A Complete Predicate is comprised of all word classes like verbs,
prepositions, conjunctions, nouns, etc.
Example: Shyam fell off his bicycle. (complete predicate)
fell = verb, off = preposition, his = adjective and bicycle = noun
A Simple Predicate is the verb – both action and state verbs in the
Complete Predicate.
Examples: My friend Shyam catches the thief. (action verb)
(simple predicate)
My friend Shyam is a policeman. (state verb)
(simple predicate)
22 Hello Grammar 6
A Compound Predicate has more than two verbs.
Example: Shyam in Kathmandu sings and dances on the stage.
(compound predicate)
EXERCISES
A. Write suitable predicates to make meaningful sentences. Use a wide
range of predicates to make the sentences more detailed.
1. The earth _________________________________________________
2. The man with long hair ______________________________________
3. The population of Nepal _____________________________________
4. My cousin wrote ___________________________________________
5. All roads __________________________________________________
6. The chirping of the birds at evening ____________________________
7. We want to ________________________________________________
8. Do you remember __________________________________________
Classwork: The teacher should make the students read the
following story and circle the subject in each sentence.
Avoid Bad Company
Two friends bought a parrot each. The first parrot was in the habit of
cursing and swearing. The second one recited verses from the Gita. The
parrots had learnt these habits from their former owners. The owner of
the first parrot was both annoyed and worried. Often the parrot used bad
words in the presence of his friends and this made him feel ashamed.
He sought the advice of his friend, the owner of the pious parrot. It was
decided to put the two parrots in the same cage so that the foul-mouthed
bird might learn some nice words. But after a few days, the friends were
shocked to find that even the pious parrot had started using bad words.
There is a saying that a person is known by the company he keeps.
23 Hello Grammar 6
B. Pick Predicates and write in the Predicate Column.
Sentences Predicate
1. The dewdrops glitter in the
sunshine.
2. Run as quickly as possible.
3. A speeding bus went past us.
4. The meteorologist failed to
show up for the story.
5. The meaning of phrasal verbs is
not always literal.
6. English teachers need to be
linguistically aware.
7. Each module consists of a test
of 80 questions.
The subject of a sentence usually comes first, but it is sometimes put
after the predicate to show more emphasis to the reader. This is called
Fronting. A subject and a verb usually change their position.
Examples: The garage was on the right of the house. (simple structure)
subject verb
A vase of flowers stood on the table. (simple structure)
(subject) (verb)
On the table stood a vase of flowers. (fronting)
(verb) ( subject)
24 Hello Grammar 6
In an Imperative sentence, a subject without a modal verb (like can,
should, must, ought to, etc.) is omitted. A modal verb is always used
with an auxiliary verb to express possibility, permission, etc.
Examples: Take your seat. (You take your seat.)
You ought to take this medicine thrice a day.
(subject) ( a modal verb)
You can buy me two tickets for tomorrow. (subject
and predicate)
EXERCISES
A. Read these sentence fragments and turn them into complete
sentences by adding either a subject or predicate.
1. Oliver always ______________________________________________.
2. Liz ______________________________________________________.
3. ______________________________ remember to telephone you.
4. ______________felt ill last night because he had too many chocolates.
5. The streets ________________________________________________.
6. Ann _____________________________________________________.
7. ___________________________ happened to you last week?
B. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates in the following
sentences.
1. Schoolchildren don’t wear uniforms these days.
2. The New York subway usually works very well.
3. Most shops usually open at 8 am and closes at 6 pm in Nepal.
4. Write a letter to your friend abroad.
5. Here she comes.
6. On the top of the roof was a monkey.
25 Hello Grammar 6
C. Write the Subject and Predicate in each sentence below.
1. Tim is a good photographer.
Simple Subject: ______________________________________________.
Complete Predicate: __________________________________________.
2. A mighty earthquake struck the eastern part of Nepal and claimed
many lives.
Simple Subject: ______________________________________________.
Compound Predicate: _________________________________________.
3. Lilies and lotuses are really beautiful.
Compound Subject: __________________________________________.
Simple Predicate: ____________________________________________.
4. Kate is going to the dentist this evening.
Simple Subject: ______________________________________________.
Complete Predicate: __________________________________________.
5. Madan is 30 and he comes from Nepal.
Simple Subject: ______________________________________________.
Compound Predicate: _________________________________________.
D. Rearrange the following sentences placing subjects either in the
middle or at the end of sentences for special emphasis.
1. Ram comes here.
____________________________________________________________
2. Yesterday we had a very special time.
____________________________________________________________
3. She is lovely!
____________________________________________________________
4. A large cat sat in the middle of the bed.
____________________________________________________________
5. The robbers ran out of the bank.
____________________________________________________________
6. There is a store room next to the kitchen.
____________________________________________________________
26 Hello Grammar 6
Lesson: 3 Synthesis of Sentences
Synthesis is the combination of many simple sentences into one new
sentence.
Types of sentences:
A Simple Sentence has one subject and one verb construction. It can
also be a compound subject and a compound verb construction.
Examples: Dixit wins the match.
(subject) + (predicate)
Nribesh and his friend work and earn a lot of money.
(compound subject) (compound verb)
A Compound Sentence contains two clauses joined by a conjunction
like and, or, but, or so.
Example: John is good at English, but he is not very good at maths.
clause 1 clause 2
These two clauses do not depend on each other and are
joined by the conjunction ‘but’.
Conjunctions are words used to link words, phrases or clauses.
A Complex Sentence is comprised of one Principal Clause and at least
one Subordinate/Dependent Clauses. Dependent clauses cannot stand
alone independently.
Example: Akhil went to Nagarkot because he was on holiday.
clause 1 clause 2
27 Hello Grammar 6
Clause 1 is a principal clause that forms a complete sentence standing
alone, having a subject and a predicate. ‘Akhil went to Nagarkot’. This
clause makes sense.
But clause 2 is entirely dependent on the first clause for its existence. If
we write only clause 2, it doesn’t make sense.
Because he was on holiday.
Dependent clauses begin with a conjunction like if, because, when,
since, though, unless, while, in case, after, as soon as, so that, etc.
Principal clauses are joined by but, and, so, for, or, nor, etc.
EXERCISES
A. Identify and write Simple Sentence, Compound Sentence or
Complex Sentence on the lines provided.
1. Rebecca went there because she was invited.
____________________________________________________________
2. The boatman has to swim or he has to die at sea.
____________________________________________________________
3. Everything comes if a person works sincerely.
____________________________________________________________
4. Listen carefully to your teacher for notes.
____________________________________________________________
5. The company agreed to my proposal, for it was watertight.
____________________________________________________________
6. Madan didn’t ask me although I was there.
____________________________________________________________
7. Looking at my wrist watch, I told him the time.
____________________________________________________________
8. We rode a bike very fast to attend an interview.
____________________________________________________________
28 Hello Grammar 6
B.Read the following sentences. Circle compound sentences and
underline complex sentences
1. Let us hear what the Prime Minister says.
2. My brother is afraid of darkness, so he refused to go alone through
the jungle.
3. Although it is a new car, it doesn’t run properly.
4. If more women join politics, the level of corruption will be low.
5. Some people wake up too early because they want to earn lots of money.
6. When my uncle was 15, he left home.
7. She is illiterate, but she pretends to be highly educated.
8. You can’t go home until you complete your school work.
9. My sister went to Hong Kong and she bought some clothes.
10. As soon as the earthquake struck, all the people ran to the open space.
Two or more Simple Sentences can be merged into one Compound
Sentence by using conjunctions.
Examples: Rabin is an author. Rabin is a journalist. (Separate)
Rabin is not only an author but also a journalist.
Rabin is both an author and a journalist.
Rabin is an author as well as a journalist.
C. Combine each pair of sentences into one Compound Sentence and
write in your notebook.
1. Phillip is versatile. He is also gentle.
2. The criminal was taken into police custody. He was taken to a gaol.
3. MrAgrawal is a renowned businessperson. He doesn’t give donations
to the old age homes.
4. My sister loves listening to music. She loves dancing too.
5. Sandex went out of the house. Then he sat by the seaside.
6. Govern your passions. They will govern you.
7. I thanked him. I awarded her.
29 Hello Grammar 6
D. Combine each pair of Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence
and write in your notebook.
1. That is the place. We won a tournament there.
2. You stole the wallet. Do you deny it?
3. Two friends quarreled. I want to know the reason.
4. He was injured. He could not run.
5. We will win the match. We play more devotedly.
6. She waited for us. She waited till our arrival.
7. Devyani topped the university exam. She had been studying hard
E. Combine each pair of sentences into one with the help of given
clues and write in your notebook.
1. Sandra is popular among her friends. She is amiable and helpful.
(because)
2. We had to walk all day. Night fell. (until)
3. Ava was frightened. She fell to her knees. (so)
4. Sandy could not be a pilot. He had poor eyesight. (because of)
5. Paul was well off. He didn’t buy a tablet. (in spite of)
6. Naren went to a chemist’s. He
wanted to buy some medicine. (in
order to)
7. Reshu studied wisely. She finished
first in her Final Term Examination.
(so_that)
8. Tuleshwor may be innocent. I don’t
know. (whether)
9. Akshyata greeted me. She saw me
on the way to school. (as soon as)
10. Jibika was cooking dinner. I phoned her. (when)
30 Hello Grammar 6
F. Read and enjoy the story. After that, identify underlined sentences
as a Simple Sentence, a Compound Sentence or Complex Sentence.
A merchant sold his goods in a fair. When it was evening, he set out
for his home. He wanted his horse to carry him as fast as it could; for
dark clouds had pervaded the sky. Soon it began to rain heavily and
the merchant got wet. He cursed his bad luck. However, he continued
his journey. A robber found him and pointed his gun at him, saying,
‘Give me all the money you have or I will shoot you.’ The merchant
didn’t yield. At this, the robber pressed the trigger of the gun, but the
gun didn’t fire. Why? The gun too was wet. The merchant whipped the
horse and escaped. Once the merchant reached his home, he thanked
the rain.
G. Read the letter below. Draw a single line under a Simple Sentence,
double lines under a Compound Sentence and triple lines under a
Complex Sentence. And copy the letter with your answers onto your
notebook.
207
Sajjan Toll
Damak 5
24 Jul 2017
Dear Siru
How are you and Aslesha? It seems ages since we saw each other. I hope you
are enjoying the new place, friends and culture. Mummy and I are fine here,
and David is getting on well at his new school.
I am writing now because I am coming to New York next Saturday for an
international conference, and I am wondering if we could meet after the
conference is over. I don’t have much time to spend in New York. If you give
me proper directions, I think I can catch a train and come to your area. As it
is my first visit to the US, I am not acquainted with anything over there. The
conference should be over by Monday at the latest.
Let me know what suits you. It would be lovely to see you and Aslesha if you
have time.
Love from
Suraj
31 Hello Grammar 6
H. Rewrite this paragraph using complex and compound sentences in
your notebook.
I am a book. My name is Hello Grammar 6. I was printed in Kathmandu.
I was packed with my sister books and sent away to a shop. I remained
in the bookshop for a few days. Then an adult came. He looked like an
educated, smart man. He bought me. He carried me home in his briefcase.
I felt absolutely delighted. He gave me to his son. He put a cover. He stuck
a name tag on me. He wrote his personal details on it. I became very
happy then.
I. The following is a draft of a student. Then answer the questions that
follow.
(1) One sunny day, a stray dog finds a bone and it goes to safe place to
eat it. (2) As soon as a crow notices the dog with the bone, the crow’s
mouth starts to water. (3) Since the crow is weaker than the doge the
crow flies away. (4) After some time, the crow returns with another
crow and go near the dog. (5) One crow starts pulling the dog’s tail. (6)
The dog drops the bone and it turns around. (7) The other crow picks
up the bone and flies away.
1. Which one of the following is an independent clause?
A. A stray dog finds a bone
B. As soon as a crow notices the dog with the bone
2. Which one of the following needs an indefinite article?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2
3. Which has a dependent clause that needs a comma?
A. Sentence 3 B. Sentence 6
4. Which one of the following is a simple sentence?
A. The dog drops the bone and it turns around
B. One crow starts pulling the dog’s tail
32 Hello Grammar 6
Lesson 4: Run-on Sentences and
Sentence Fragments
Read the following.
I have to go to the Is it linguistically an error?
store I need to Is its meaning confusing?
buy milk. Is it properly punctuated?
Are they a complete sentence?
They are not a complete sentence. It is linguistically an error. Its meaning
is not clear. It is not punctuated. So, they are a run-on sentence.
Now, compare this to the one above.
I have to go to the Is it linguistically valid?
store I need to Is it meaningful?
buy milk. Is it properly punctuated?
Are they a complete sentence?
They are a complete sentence. They are linguistically valid. It is now
meaningful. It is properly punctuated.
A run-on sentence joins two or more sentences that should be written
separately for clarity and meaningfulness.
Example: I have to go to the store I need to buy milk.
More than one independent clause cannot exist in a
sentence. So a run-on sentence can be corrected by
separating two complete ideas into two sentences. Each
sentence should have a subject and a predicate.
Example: I have to go to the store. I need to buy milk.
(subject) + (predicate) (subject) + (predicate)
33 Hello Grammar 6
EXERCISES
A. Correct the run-on sentences below by separating them into two
sentences. Each sentence should have a subject and predicate.
1. Bindu rushed to her friend’s home there was a carton of juice in the fridge.
___________________________________________________________
2. I hate smokes the smell puts me off.
___________________________________________________________
3. The meal was a disaster he is useless in the kitchen.
___________________________________________________________
4. Give me that pencil it’s mine.
___________________________________________________________
5. She found the wallet he found the money.
___________________________________________________________
6. I played with the international players they taught me many tactics.
___________________________________________________________
7. She loves painting she has drawn many paintings.
___________________________________________________________
8. I love the river I used to swim in the river.
___________________________________________________________
You can correct a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound or a
complex sentence.
Examples:
I woke up I ate breakfast. (run-on sentence)
I woke up and I ate breakfast. (compound sentence)
After I woke up, I ate breakfast. (complex sentence)
34 Hello Grammar 6
B. Correct these run-on sentences by rewriting them in your notebook
as compound and complex sentences without changing their meaning.
1. I met him he scolded me.
2. I thought the trip would be exciting I felt bored.
3. She got training she would get a job.
4. The rabbit was trapped I set it free.
5. She looked at the paintings wondered who painted them.
6. We have to walk fast a bus is coming towards us.
7. You have to choose an Australian university you have to choose a
German university for higher studies.
You can correct a run-on sentence by connecting or separating its parts
correctly. There are several easy ways to connect independent clauses.
Use a full stop (.) to separate two clauses.
Example: She always goes to school. She tops exams every year.
Use a semicolon (;) to join two equally important clauses.
Example: She always goes to school; she tops exams every year.
Use a comma (,) to join independent clauses appropriately with
coordinating conjunctions like but, so, or, and, etc.
Example: She always goes to school, but she scores poor marks.
Use a subordinate conjunction like because, if, as,
when, since, etc. to create a complex sentence and to
improve the flow of clauses.
Example: If she always goes to school, she will top
exams every year.
35 Hello Grammar 6
C. Add capital letters, conjunctions, and punctuation
marks to turn each group of words into one or
two sentences.
1. tourists love climbing mountains
____________________________________________________________
2. it’s hard to catch eels their skin is slippery
____________________________________________________________
3. students will fail the exam they don’t study seriously
____________________________________________________________
4. most birds can fly some cannot
____________________________________________________________
5. birds fly away you go near them
____________________________________________________________
6. Make the campfire small sit close to it for warmth.
____________________________________________________________
7. We were worried about the water being cold it is only October.
____________________________________________________________
8. We passed the woods my brother saw a deer.
____________________________________________________________
9. We submitted application for a passport we started searching for a
university.
____________________________________________________________
36 Hello Grammar 6
D. Rewrite the notice below, correcting any punctuation and grammar
mistakes. Be sure to fix any run-on sentences.
BARCA International Academy, Kathmandu
November 5 2017
NOTICE
HAVE YOU LOST YOUR UMBRELLA?
Yesterday an umbrella was found in the library the owner of the
umbrella can contact either the undersigned or MrsTimisina the
class teacher of class VI section B. The umbrella can be collected
during the lunch break after providing sufficient proof of ownership
the umbrella will be deposited in the office after two days if no one
claims it within that time
Meena Kurungfang
Class VI Section B
37 Hello Grammar 6
Look at these groups of words carefully.
will walk into the room.
shows no sign of improvement.
some girls in the class
Does each of these groups of
words have the components
subjects and predicates?
Do they give a complete idea?
The components subject and predicate are missing in each group of
these words. They don’t give a complete idea. So, they are a sentence
fragment.
Now look at these groups of words.
Sital will walk into the room.
(subject) + (predicate)
The patient shows no sign of improvement.
(subject) + (predicate)
Some girls in the class are naughty.
(subject) + (predicate)
These groups of words have the
components subjects and predicates.
They give a complete idea. They are
complete sentences.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that doesn’t express a
complete idea. In a sentence fragment the missing component may be
either a subject or a predicate.
38 Hello Grammar 6
EXERCISES
A. Identify and tick a sentence fragment.
1. Mrs Smith gone to visit her mother.
Finding a parking space there is usually there is usually
easy during the week.
Driving in the city during the evening rush hour.
2. To apply for a job at a new school.
She asked the interviewer how often she would get a leave
of absence.
Shaking her new boss’s hand, she knew she would like
working there.
3. By the time you reach Beijing Ashok will have died.
After getting estimates from five contractors, you must
decide to do the work yourself.
Before picking out an interesting wallpaper pattern that
went well with your furniture.
4. Who stole Stephen’s car Sunday night?
An eight-year-old boy suddenly came out of the car and
ran away.
Which the salesman was surprised to find in such a good shape.
5. While waiting for her neighbour to move, the car that
blocked the driveway.
To avoid hitting the other car, Michael had to back across
the corner of the lawn.
By making sure that no one will park across the driveway
again.
39 Hello Grammar 6
B. Determine whether the following word groups are sentence
fragments or complete sentences. Write ‘C’ if the group of words is a
complete sentence and write ‘F’ if the group of words is a fragment.
1. ________ All rights reserved.
2. ________ If you think today’s fashion is weird.
3. ________ They should see the pictures of clothes people wore in the
Middle Ages.
4. _______ People often heavy leather belts decorated with metal and
jewels.
5. _______ Tights of velvet and silk for my daughter.
6. _______ Was a way of displaying wealth.
7. _______ The more clothes a person could afford to wear, the
wealthier that person was.
8. _______ The usual head covering for men in Europe a hood.
9. _______ In the later Middle Ages, women wore jeweled metal nets.
C. Correct the following sentence fragments to form a complete
sentence.
1. She a lot of things to do in her life.
___________________________________________________________
2. The staple diet of the Nepalese rice and curry.
___________________________________________________________
3. What most Asians want to do to go to Europe or America for a better
life.
___________________________________________________________
4. Sarita is one of the scholars who from Nepal.
___________________________________________________________
5. Is one of my best friends who always lends me money.
___________________________________________________________
6. What she is passionate about dancing to Nepali folk songs.
___________________________________________________________
40 Hello Grammar 6
Lesson 5: Clauses
Take a careful look at the following sentences:
a. My maternal uncle is a wealthy man. (adjective)
describes ‘uncle’.
b. My maternal uncle is a man of great wealth. (phrase)
describes ‘uncle’
c. My maternal uncle is a man who owns great wealth. (clause)
describes ‘uncle’
A Clause is a group of words that consists of a subject and a predicate
(one main verb + an object/words). A clause is just a part of a longer
sentence.
Example: Anu often visits the Netherlands because she likes the climate.
(main / independent clause) (dependent clause)
There are two subjects ‘Anu’ and ‘she’ and two predicates ‘often visits
the Netherlands ‘and ‘likes the climate’. But the combination of these
two clauses makes a sentence.
Main Clause/Principal Clause: She often visits the Netherlands.
This clause stands on its own.
Dependent Clause: Because she likes the climate.
This clause does not make complete sense unless it is combined with
an appropriate clause like the above one.
41 Hello Grammar 6
Main Clauses are joined by conjunctions like and, but, either_or, neither_
nor, so, as well as, not only_ but also, for, yet, etc.
Example: Sumit has earned lots of money, yet he works hard.
Dependent Clauses begin with conjunctions like that, when, as soon as,
until, who, because, which, when, if, although, so that, whose, etc.
Example: If you buy a book, your parents will be happy.
EXERCISES
A. Identify whether the underlined clauses are Main Clauses or
Dependent Clauses.
1. The child has no brothers or sisters, so she often had to play herself.
______________________
2. Aunt Mary didn’t buy the dress because it was too expensive.
______________________
3. We are delighted to see you well dressed. ______________________
4. As they watched a documentary. ______________________
5. Rakesh is smart and he is hardworking too. ______________________
6. If I don’t go to London, I will invite my friends for dinner.
______________________
7. When I woke up, I saw a bird on the tree. ______________________
8. Ramesh works hard, yet he is poor. ______________________
Classwork: Have students carry flash cards that contain main clauses
and dependent clauses. Let students be paired with the flash cards
that go together or are matched and stand before the class.
42 Hello Grammar 6
B. Join the following pairs of clauses using the given conjunctions in
your notebook.
1. I jammed on the brakes of my car. It did not stop. (but)
2. A wicked person does not study. He does not let others study either.
(neither_nor)
3. MrBasyal bought a ticket. He entered the theatre. (so)
4. I hate smoking. I hate alcohol also. (neither_nor)
5. The man looks innocent. He has committed several crimes. (although)
6. I met a woman at the bus stop. She was very frank. (who)
7. Fools rush in. Angels fear to go there. (where)
8. I always carry umbrella these days. I will not get wet. (so that)
9. I will not irritate you. You reply to my question. (if)
10. It started raining. We were returning at that time. (when)
The table below will help you avoid confusion between sentences and
clauses.
Clauses Sentences
1. A clause has one finite verb. 1. A sentence has at least one finite
E.g. He is not judgmental. verb. Some sentences have two or
more finite verbs.
2. A clause may or mayn’t stand E.g. He is not judgmental because
on its own. he listens to both parties.
E.g. If you select me for the job...
2. A sentence always stands on its
3. A clause is part of a longer own.
sentence. E.g. You select me for the job.
E.g. Hrishikesh can top the exam.
3. A sentence is a combination of
clauses.
E.g. Hrishikesh can top the exam if
he studies seriously.
43 Hello Grammar 6
C. Write ‘T’ for true statements and ‘F’ for false statements on the
lines provided.
1. Independent Clauses and Main Clauses are same. ______
2. A clause needs an infinite verb. ______
3. Clauses are as meaningful as sentences. ______
4. Conjunctions like ‘if, when, but, for, etc.’ are used to join main or
principal clauses. ______
5. Conjunctions like ‘although, who, after, since, as soon as, etc.’ are used
to join dependent clauses. ______
6. A sentence is made up of only two clauses. ______
7. A sentence may have more than one finite verb. ______
8. Some clauses may stand on its own. ______
9. ‘I am sad.’ is a conjunction. ______
10. As soon as I saw here. _______
D. Read each group of words. Write ‘I’ beside each independent clause
and ‘D’ beside each dependent clause. Then rewrite each dependent
clause so that it is part of a sentence. Independent clauses should not
be rewritten.
1. Whenever I read a story.
___________________________________________________________
2. Because I enjoy them very much.
___________________________________________________________
3. Jasmine is the most talented writer in our class.
___________________________________________________________
4. One reaching school, students started playing games.
___________________________________________________________
5. So that she could be a volunteer.
___________________________________________________________
44 Hello Grammar 6
6. In addition to singing, she loves skiing.
___________________________________________________________
7. If you have already received an email.
___________________________________________________________
8. As soon as Mr Gupta saw his wife come out of a restaurant.
___________________________________________________________
E. Read the following dialogue. Rewrite each line, adding commas to
the dialogue where they are necessary. Remove commas if they are
not needed.
Student : Good morning sir. How are you?
Teacher : I’m fine. How are you?
Student : When you were a child what was your opinion on English?
Teacher : I was bad at English.
Student : I could not do well in the examination in English. I want to
improve my English.
Teacher : If you want to do well in English at first you have to learn the
rules of English grammar and enrich vocabulary.
Student : I know some rules and have some vocabulary. Is it not
enough sir?
Teacher : No it is not enough. You have to read English books,
newspapers, magazines, listen to BBC radio, watch English movies etc
to develop your vocabulary.
Student : Why do some students speak a lot in the classroom but they
score poor marks?
Teacher : Well this happens, because students fail to balance between
speaking skills and writing skills. Only writing doesn’t improve
speaking skills. The more you speak the better your spoken English is.
Student : As we hesitate to converse in English we have been unable
to improve our spoken English.
45 Hello Grammar 6
Teacher : Yes that is the main reason.
Student : Thank you for your suggestions.
Teacher : Welcome.
F. Rewrite the following paragraph about Aslesha using appropriate
conjunctions.
Aslesha is a little girl. She was born in Damak in 2015. Aslesha’s father
is a teacher. He teaches at a private school. Her grandparents are
alive. They are originally from the eastern part of Nepal. She
loves watching videos on YouTube. The videos are about insects,
fish, animals, children etc. Aslesha loves her father. He is very friendly
with her. Aslesha is a tall girl. Her hair is short. Aslesha
rides a small bicycle. The bicycle is new. Aslesha is lucky enough
to wear a wide range of clothes. The clothes are usually imported.
Aslesha has countless playthings at home. The playthings were
gifted by her near relatives.
REVIEW: UNIT ONE
A. Look at the underlined parts carefully. What are they? Circle your
answers.
1. A man sat beside me and started taking biscuits from the packet of
my biscuits.
A. Subject B. Phrase C. Clause D. Sentence
2. A boy having a pointed noise befriended me yesterday.
A. Sentence B. Predicate C. Subject D. Verb
3. At the corner stood a policeman smoking a cigarette.He was arrested
A. Interrogative Sentence B. Declarative Sentence
C. Imperative D. Exclamatory
46 Hello Grammar 6
4. They hardly danced at the wedding ceremony of mine. I didn’t like that.
A. Affirmative B. Negative C. Both D. None
5. Did Jibika play badminton last week and win the match? Win and loss
are part of a game.
A. Interrogative B. Assertive
C. Exclamatory D. Imperative
6. This book being boring. Don’t read this.
A. Interrogative B. Imperative
C. Exclamatory D. Affirmative
7. Sushant and Saroj are good friends.
A. Simple Subject B. Complete Subject
C. Compound Subject D. None
8. Alex didn’t go to Hong Kong, for he loves Nepal too much. He is a real
patriot.
A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence
C. Compound Sentence D. All
9. Shreya got good marks because she worked hard.She deserved it,
indeed.
A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence
C. Compound Sentence D. None
10. Rama has given birth to a daughter. She is very happy now.
A. Complex Sentence B. Compound Sentence
C. Simple Sentence D. Both A & B
11. They jumped into the swimming pool went across the pool.
A. Sentence Fragment B. Run-on Sentence
C. Complete Sentence D. All
12.A tall girlat a program.She did nothing there.
A. Run-on Sentence B. Sentence Fragment
C. Complete Sentence D. None
13. She went to an office to apply for a job.
A. Dependent Clause B. Independent Clause
C. Both D. None
47 Hello Grammar 6
14. We will not go there, as we are not invited.
A. Dependent Clause B. Principal Clause
C. None D. Both
15. This is the field where we used to catch fish.
A. Clause B. Sentence C. Sentence Fragment D. None
B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements.
1. Subjects of a verb do not begin with a relative pronoun. __________
2. There is only one type of subject. ___________
3. Clauses have only a subject and a verb. _________
4. Dependent sentences begin with a conjunction. _________
5. Words like when, where, which, etc. are used as conjunctions. ________
6. This is an example of an independent clause. ‘Sujit saw what I didn’t
see.’ ________
7. ‘He walked as he was instructed’ is an example of a dependent clause.
_________
C. Complete the following clauses and write either dependent or
independent clause in the parenthesis.
1. They went ____________________ they were supposed to go.
(__________________)
2. How he went to a place _______________ our forefathers were raised.
(__________________)
3. This is ___________________ students are mentored here.
(__________________)
4. We will run _____________________ a shot gun is fired.
(__________________)
5. The man ____________________wife is dead is sad now.
(__________________)
6. I have rented a house ___________________ owner lives abroad.
(__________________)
48 Hello Grammar 6
UNIT 2
Lesson 6: Nouns
When you look I see persons, books, desks, windows,
around, what do houses, vehicles, animals, water, stone,
you see? sand, etc.
Nouns are names of a person, animal, thing, place or feeling.
Examples: doctor cow tree Ilam pity
Types of Nouns:
Proper Nouns are particular or specific names.
Examples: Anisha Nepal Ritesh
The first letter of a Proper Noun is written in capital letter.
Common Nouns refer to any member of a class of similar things.
Examples: book house dog
Abstract Nouns suggest quality, action or state. Generally, abstract
nouns are uncountable.
Examples: hardness theft boyhood
Collective Nouns suggest a singular word for a group.
Examples: family team herd
Collective nouns can be used either as a singular noun or a plural noun.
The family is/are going on a picnic next week.
49 Hello Grammar 6
A. Underline nouns in each of the following sentences and write their types.
1. Lisa loves playing chess with her friends.
2. A bench of judges gave their verdict.
3. Frogmen dive deep into the river in search of fish.
4. Those glasses cost a lot of money.
5. The lawyer’s fee is rising every week.
6. Neither of the two doctors was nominated for the awards.
7. Henry and Dipak go on an excursion.
8. Some girls were playing in the park.
9. A movie crew escaped a danger.
10. I could not sleep last night due to a horde of noisy people in the street.
Classwork: Have students go out of the classroom for 10 minutes
and list out everything they see around. Later, with the minimal
help of the teacher, they should categorise them according to the
types of Nouns.
B. Read the list of nouns below. Decide whether each noun is Common
or Proper Nouns and write it in the correct column. Capitalize the
nouns in the Proper column.
school boy iran pacific
rugby sports lady river
hotel sunday autumn artiste
mteverest kiran chemjong stadium
asia
50 Hello Grammar 6
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