45 Sitting silently nodding does not provide evidence that a person is listening, but asking a good question tells the speaker the listener has not only heard what was said, but that they comprehended it well enough to want additional information. The best conversations were active. listening, a good question Ask question in constructive way “Speaker versus listener” interaction Listener Speaker Remember: Allah will always listen Even if everyone else won’t
46 Effective listening included interactions that build a person’s self-esteem. The best listeners made the conversation a positive experience for the other party. listeners a positive experience Speaker feels supported Listeners made the speaker feel supported and conveyed confidence to speaker Good listeners made/create: 1 2 3 a safe environment in which issues and differences could be discussed openly. the other person feel supported and conveyed confidence in them.
47 Effective listening is a cooperative conversation Feedback flowed smoothly in both directions neither party becoming defensive about comments the other made. Poor listeners were seen as competitive. As listening only to 2 and using their silence as a chance to prepare their next response. 1 identify errors in reasoning or logic, Poor listeners You do know that I’m way better than you in fashion. Depend on how you define fashion.
48 Good listeners You do know that I’m way better than you in fashion. Depend on the events, but yes you do look presentable today. Good listeners may challenge assumptions and disagree, but the person being listened to feels the listener is trying to help, not wanting to win an argument. Effective listeners tended to make suggestions Good listening invariably included some feedback provided in a way others would accept and that opened up alternative paths to consider. some feedback
49 Factors in Effective Listening Here are common factors that affect people’s ability to listen effectively below. Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 Lack of interest Noise, Awkward seating positions and temperature Distractions Personal bias Intrusion
50 Factor 2 Ecological factors, such as noise, temperature, and uncomfortable seating positions, can divert our attention away from what the speaker is saying and focus it on other elements. noise, temperature and uncomfortable Noise, Awkward seating positions and temperature Factor 3 Distractions As you become distracted, you are also more likely to overlook crucial points or information that you may need later. During a conversation with someone, it is best to eliminate these distractions and focus wholeheartedly on the person in front of you.” crucial points information eliminate distractions Factor 4 Personal bias Personal bias can cloud your judgment and lead you to intentionally overlook important information or remarkable individuals. your judgement In a multicultural environment, it is crucial to let go of all your biases while communicating with others. to let go your biases Factor 1 Lack of interest Often times, we get ourselves that essentially does not hold our interest. In such cases, we’ll be tempted to float off in our own contemplations or concentrate on something unique — which, shockingly, can be an obstruction to listening. float off caught in a conversation
51 Factor 5 Intrusion Not interrupting someone while they're talking is a fundamental communication principle we learn as children because it leads to positive outcomes. Not interrupting People are eager to be heard, and sometimes they interrupt conversations to express their opinions. eager to be heard, To avoid this mistake, try to wait until the other person has finished speaking before expressing your own thoughts aloud. try to wait 12 Tips for Effective Listening 1 Maintain eye contact When engaged in a conversation, maintain appropriate eye contact with the speaker. It shows that you are attentive and interested in what they have to say. 2 Be present and focused Eliminate distractions and give the speaker your full attention. Avoid checking your phone or thinking about other things while someone is speaking to you.
52 3 Avoid interrupting Allow the speaker to express themselves fully before responding or asking questions. Interrupting can disrupt their flow and make them feel unheard. 4 Practice active listening Engage with the speaker by nodding, using verbal cues like "I see" or "Go on," and paraphrasing what they've said to show that you understand and are actively processing their words. 5 Don't jump to conclusions Avoid making assumptions or forming judgments prematurely. Listen to the speaker's complete message before responding. 6 Ask clarifying questions If you don't understand something, ask the speaker to clarify their point. This demonstrates your interest and ensures you grasp their message accurately.
53 10 Minimise interruptions 7 Avoid finishing sentences Let the speaker express their thoughts in their own words. Jumping in to finish their sentences may be perceived as impatient or presumptuous. 8 Empathise with the speaker Try to understand the speaker's perspective and emotions. Empathy helps create a deeper connection and enhances your ability to comprehend their message fully. 9 Practice patience Some speakers may take longer to articulate their thoughts or have trouble expressing themselves. Be patient and give them the time they need. In group settings, avoid side conversations or distractions that might impede your ability to listen effectively.
54 11 Be open-minded 12 Avoid preconceived notions Be receptive to new ideas, opinions, and feedback. A non-judgmental attitude encourages others to communicate more openly with you. Don't let your assumptions about a person or topic hinder your ability to listen objectively. Exercise 1: Match the following situations based on four main habits of effective listening. 1. Ahmed was seemed nervous while presenting his final year project. By his surprised all the panels were praising his presentation. 2. During a budget meeting, the chairperson was presenting the decrement of sales and the effect from that the bonus has to be cut off. Surprisingly all of the members in the meeting pitch in ideas on how to boost the sales. Effective listening included interactions that build a person’s self-esteem. Effective listening is a cooperative conversation
55 WEEK: Week 4 & 5 LISTENING FOR THE GIST For example words such as: Towel, beach ball, cap, sunscreen and waves Beach trip Bread, flour, salt, sugar and milk Groceries Listening for gist is skill where the listener try to get the general idea of a particular text, story or tape-script. Listening to an entire tape-script with the intention of understanding the ‘big picture’ (what the listening text is about). When applied to reading, this strategy is called skimming. When listening, it is also possible to get the ‘whole picture’. However, information comes in a sequence, thus you will be able to connect the information to understand or guess the listening text. In that sequence of information, there are content words (the nouns, adjectives and verbs) that can help you form that picture. We often call this listening for gist.
56 Exercise 1: Match the content words below with suitable ‘gist’. Heartache Dishonesty Love Hatred Relationship Assignments Quiz Final Exam Financial Problems Student’s Life Food Mat Friends Sunny Day Park Picnic Exercise 2: Listen carefully to the audio text given and provide suitable theme for the content words given. Step one, you say we need to talk He walks, you say sit down, it's just a talk He smiles politely back at you You stare politely right on through Some sort of window to your right As he goes left, and you stay right Between the lines of fear and blame You begin to wonder why you came Where did I go wrong? I lost a friend Somewhere along in the bitterness And I would have stayed up with you all night Had I known how to save a life Friendship Advices Save a life
57 How Do You Listen? Skimming Scanning Intensive Listening Listening for Details Extensive Listening For gist (to get general idea of what is being said) For specific information (only need to understand specific parts) Analysing the language in the message closely To extract information that will help achieve a task Listen for pleasure
58 The best among you is the one who doesn’t harm others with his tongue and hands. -Prophet Muhammad pbuhExercise 3: Answer the following question based on the video provided. (https://www.youtube.com/watchv=mDmNcGloewg&ab_channel=AlexisLexie) 1. What did the bible (scripture) say about pork, ham, bacon and pepperoni? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. Why must the Christians avoid pork, ham, bacon and pepperoni? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ The Christians must avoid pork, ham, bacon and pepperoni because of health sake. The Christians must not eat pork, ham, bacon and pepperoni.
59 LISTENING FOR KEY WORDS AND SPECIFIC DETAILS Here are a few important elements of oral text that we should pay attention to: Listening for key words and specific details require the listener to focus on specific kind of information; such as a number, name or object. You can disregard anything that does not sound relevant. In this way, you are able to narrow down your search and get the detail you need. It is not necessary to comprehend every word in every section of the listening text/audio. Of course, you will listen to every word in the recording, but you don't need to listen for every word. Listening to You hear the words. You listen carefully to everything that is being said. This is passive listening. Listening for You are waiting to hear something. You are ready to catch a specific piece of information. This is active listening.
60 DETAILS Time Place Event People Here are a few important elements of oral text that we should pay attention to: For instance, in a listening test, if you are asked to write down the age of a person, listen for the words related to age; Old Young Year Date of birth or a number that could represent that person's age.
61 FORM OF DETAILS Time: Number, a.m./p.m. Place: Name of the place. Event: Name of an event. Person: Name of a person. Listening for a Specific Purpose Listening for Contrasting Ideas Differences between ideas may be presented in the listening text. but and though In an informal setting (conversation between friends) are commonly used in spoken English to indicate contrast.
62 In a formal setting, such as a forum or talk, signal words and phrases used to show a contrast include: nevertheless on the other hand as opposed to Listening for Examples Examples are provided to prove or support a point. These examples help to explain or clarify a main idea. Listening to examples can assist you: to follow understand a discussion on abstract and complex topics.
63 Listening for Cause and Effect This is when an action or event causes and effect or outcome. Listening for Reasons and Explanations To support and argument or make point, reasons may be given to justify what the speaker is saying. Explaining involves helping someone understand something by providing detailed reasons. The following are the types of sequence markers commonly used in a discourse: TO PRESENT SIMILAR IDEAS and too besides similarly likewise in a similar way in a like manner TO ADD MORE IDEAS additionally also in addition furthermore in other words moreover TO PRESENT CONTRASTING IDEAS conversely despite however nevertheless on the contrary on the other hand the opposing argument TO BEGIN let’s begin let’s get started let’s start to get started to start
64 TO PRESENT THE SEQUENCE OF IDEAS after before first second third last firstly secondly thirdly currently lastly finally previously subsequently presently simultaneously TO PRESENT CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS as as a result because of consequently due to for that reason since owing to therefore this is because TO PRESENT EXAMPLES as an example for example for instance to illustrate TO CONCLUDE all in all in conclusion in short let’s summarise let’s recap to sum up to wrap up to conclude to summarise TO PASS THE TURN TO ANOTHER SPEAKER I will pass the microphone to… …will talk about the next part. My friend… will present the next part. TO GO BACK TO AN EARLIER POINT let’s go back to let’s return let’s revisit TO HIGHLIGHT IMPORTANT IDEAS actually in fact of primary importance most importantly primarily
65 SELECTING INFORMATION FROM LISTENING TEXTS As an active student, we need to develop general listening strategies to become an effective listeners. These strategies will enable you to listen to process and respond to information efficiently. When listening to a listening text, you can employ several general listening strategies, including: Focusing on the contents of the text Listening with a purpose Assimilating the main idea of the text Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words that you hear from the text The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every muslim -Prophet Muhammad pbuh-
66 RECALLING INFORMATION FROM LISTENING TEXTS After listening to text, we need to recall information from the text. The reason for such act is either to answer a question or simply show our apprehension towards the listening text. Below are three ways on how to recall information: WRITE IT DOWN The focus is not to simply listen. Write down the information that you listen to. However, you do not need to write USE SHORT FORMS Use short forms or key words rather long sentences to assist you to grasp more information. FOCUS ON SPECIFIC INFORMATION Listen to specific information needed, like dates, times, numbers and events.
67 Exercise 4: Answer the following question based on the video provided by your lecturer. 1. How many times the word Jihaad been mentioned in the Quran? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. What did Islam preach? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. What did Britain and American say when they did not find the mass destruction weapon? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Jihaad was mentioned in the Quran for 41 times. Islam preaches peace and tolerance. Britain and American just sorry.
68 List down 5 ingredients to make Nasi Lemak Little Kitchen Menu List down 5 ingredients to make Sushi Exercise 5: Write down the ingredients needed for both recipes. Listen to the videos provided. Complete the following recipes.
69 TENSES Tense tells us when the verb of the sentence is taking place, from the point of view of the subject of the sentence. The three tenses PRESENT TENSE FUTURE TENSE PAST TENSE Simple present tense happens now and is repeated. It’s about habits or regular events. Simple Present Tense WEEK: Week 4
70 How do we use Simple Present Tense? To show a habitual action (often used with ‘OFTEN, ‘EVERYDAY’, USUALLY’ etc) Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ To state a general truth Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ I eat Nasi Lemak everyday for breakfast. He often read a novel before bed. The sun rises in the east. The stars only appear at night. To express the future Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ To ask for or give instruction Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ When does the concert start? It starts at seven in the evening. How do you open this door? Just turn the key to your right.
71 In commentaries on games and plays Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ To describe feelings Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ‘Kaur passes the ball to Jasmine and throws it to Kim…’ How do you feel today? I feel great! State a planned action Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ The bus leaves the terminal in five minutes. Singular Plural First person I am We are Second person You are You are Third person He is They are She is They are It is They are The words am, is, are are also verbs, but they are not action words. They are the simple present tense of the verb be. Use am with the pronoun I, and is with the pronouns he, she and it. Use are with the pronouns you, we and they.
72 In the present tense, contractions are commonly used to combine certain pronouns with the verb "be." Here are the contractions for the simple present tense: Basic Form Contraction Form I am I’m You are You’re He is He’s She is She’s It is It’s Am not aren’t (only in questions) Is not Isn’t Are not Aren’t They are They’re We are We’re There is There’s In questions, use aren’t as a contraction of am not. For example, you can say: Grammar Help I’m taller than you, aren’t I? However, in a statement you say: I’m not as old as you
73 Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with am, is or are. 1. They ________ my good friends. 2. He ________ a soldier. 3. You ________ taller than Charlie. 4. She ________ ill. 5. We ________ very hungry. 6. It ________ a sunny day. 7. I ________ angry with Joe. 8. You ________ all welcome to my house. are is are is are is am are Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with is or are. 1. John’s dog ________ very friendly. 2. Robert ________ ten years old. 3. These flowers ________ very pretty. 4. The two schools ________ close to each other. 5. Math ________ not a very difficult subject. 6. ________ dinner ready? 7. This computer ________ very easy to use. 8. All the windows ________ open. are is is are is Is is are
74 Simple Present Tense (VERB TO DO) The verb "to do" is a versatile verb that can be used in various contexts. It serves as both a main verb and an auxiliary verb. Here are some examples of its usage: Do you like curry puff? He doesn't understand the assignment. Main verb: I do my homework every day. She does dhikr for relaxation. Auxiliary verb: Use do and does to talk about actions. Grammar Help Do Does I You We They He She It
75 As an auxiliary verb, "to do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in the present and past simple tenses. It helps to add emphasis or ask for information. Do Does Do = Don’t Does = Doesn't Does it rain often here? What do you want for lunch? Question form The man does not look very happy. I don’t enjoy difficult math tests. Negative form Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with do or does. 1. Where ________ eggs come from? 2. What ________ this word mean? 3. ________ cats like to eat fish? 4. He ________ not have any brothers. 5. ________ not play on a busy street! do does Do does Do
76 To show a continuous action or event that is still going on. Sam is playing tennis at the court. The present continuous tense is made up of: To show a future action that has been planned. We are planning to visit Japan next month. Present Continuous Tense { am is are verb ing Present Participle
77 Exercise 4: Write the present participle of these verbs on the blanks. 1. Come _____________ 2. Run _____________ 3. Sleep _____________ 4. Fall _____________ 5. Jump _____________ 6. Climb _____________ 7. Go _____________ 8. Ask _____________ 9. Catch _____________ 10. Write _____________ Coming Running Sleeping Falling Jumping Climbing Going Asking Catching Writing Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with the present continuous tense of the verbs in brackets. 1. They ________________ the roller-coaster ride. (enjoy) 2. Jasmine ________________ her hair. (wash) 3. The dentist ________________ Sue’s teeth. (examine) 4. The men _______________ very hard in the sun. (work) 5. The lecturers ________________ a meeting. (have) are enjoying is washing is examining are working are having
78 Present Perfect Tense Actions started and finished in the past at an unspecified time but are relevant to the present. Has Have verb en ed I have eaten He has called Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets. 1. All the guests ______________. (arrive) 2. Peter _____________ in the tent several times. (sleep) 3. It ____________ not ____________ for two months. (rain) 4. Dad and I ______________ a big fish. (catch) have arrived has slept has rained have caught
79 Present Perfect Continuous Actions that were continuously happening in the past and are still happening now. Has Have been ing I have been eating She has been calling him nonstop "Don't raise your voice, improve your argument." – Desmond Tutu-
80 Past Tense This tense is used to show that something has already happened some time in the past. How do we use Simple Past Tense? To show an action or event completed in the past Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ I met him three months ago. To show a past habit Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ Mazli loved eating noodles when he was young. In indirect speech Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ Lara said that she enjoyed the game very much. They told the teacher that they had handed up their essays.
81 I She He It Was You We They Were I drove to class yesterday. He drove to class last month. Examples: SINGULAR PLURAL Verb to be (WAS) Verb to be (WERE) Ali was there last month We were there yesterday Will Could Would Should
82 Past Continuous The past continuous tense is made up of were was Verb ing Verb to DO Did Verb to Have Had
83 To show an action or event that took place at some time in the past Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ The girls were shopping the whole day. To show an action or situation that was interrupted by another action Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ Aileen was walking home when she was hit by a car. To show two actions taking place at the same time in the past Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ He was swimming in the pool while she was sunbathing. Exercise 7: Fill in the blanks with the simple past tense form of the verb in the brackets. 1. We ______ (have) a lot of fun at your open house party yesterday. 2. My sister and I ________ (finish) our homework a few minute ago. 3. I ______ (meet) my husband, Ryan in 2008. 4. Emy __________ (not go) to lecture when she was ill. 5. He was very thirsty. He ________ (drink) two glasses of water. 6. Sean _________ (not enjoy) his piano lessons when he was six. 7. Margaret ________ (read) a very interesting article about the economy last month. had finished met did not go did not enjoy drank read
84 Exercise 8: Circle the right simple present tense verb in the brackets. 1. Bob always (drink/drinks) milo in the morning. 2. What (do/does) she (likes/like)? 3. My sister (don’t/doesn’t) play tennis. 4. We sometimes (go/goes) to the ice rink. 5. Where (do/does) your parents (come/comes) from? 6. Who (do/does) Sally (visit/visits) in Terengganu? 7. What (do/does) they (watch/watches) on Netflix? 8. They often (visit/visits) their grandparents at weekends. 9. (Do/Does) you (want/wants) to go home? 10. I (don’t/doesn’t) watch television after lecture. Exercise 9: Underline the correct present/past continuous tense in the brackets. 1. Bob (is/are/am) (cleans/cleaned/cleaning) the kitchen. 2. I (is/are/am) (reads/read/reading) an article. 3. It (is/are/am) (raining/rain/rains). 4. They (is/are/am) (do/does/doing) their homework. 5. My friend (is/are/am) (buys/buy/buying) a grammar book.
85 Exercise 10: Underline the past continuous in the passage below. Maria got out of her chair slowly and quietly. Her heart was thumping against her chest. Was someone hiding in the house? She was reaching for the handle of the bathroom door when she heard the cough again. She stopped dead in her tracks. She was not even breathing. Then she heard a whimper. A whimper? She opened the bathroom door. There in the corner of the bathroom was the wettest child she had ever seen. ‘What’s your name?” she asked. “Bobby.” “How did you get in here?” “I was playing outside. Then it rained. I was wet. I was feeling cold, so I climbed in through the window,” he said, pointing to the bathroom window. Maria turned her head to the window but it was tight locked. Past Perfect It is used for the past action, already completed when another past action happened. Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ After the Quran recitation had started, we arrived.
86 It is used for the past action that started in the past and continued up/ impacted a given time in the past Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ I had never seen him for six days. It is used for unreal or imaginary things, wishes in the past. Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ We wish we hadn’t eaten so much during the party. It is used in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, mentioned etc. Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ He said he had swum. It is used to describe cause and effect (combine with simple past) Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ I got stuck in the traffic because there had been an accident.
87 Subject had past participle Positive Form We had finished the test. She had finished the test. Subject had not/hadn’t past participle Negative Form We hadn’t finished the test. She had not finished the test. Had subject past participle Question Form Had she finished the test?
88 Exercise 11: Write suitable present/past perfect tense. 1. Steve and Brian _________________ (v.2.have + v.2.be) to Tokyo once. 2. I ______________ (v.2.have + climb) a volcano. It’s very exciting! 3. You ___________________ (v.2.have+ lose) your jacket. Your mother will get very angry! 4. Peter ________________ (v.2.have + not + eat) the sandwich because he’s not feeling well. 5. I _______________ (v.2.have + pass) the exam successfully as I had studied well this semester. 6. Alex ______________ (v.2.have + speak) well during the commemoration ceremony last year. 7. He _______________ (v.2.have + not + pay) any cash amount to the dealer. have been have climbed have lost has not eaten had passed had spoken has not paid Future Tense The simple future tense is used to show an action that will take place in the future. To express what may happen by using the words will or shall Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ I shall buy the book tomorrow.
89 To express intentions by using ‘going to’ Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ The professor is going to give them a test. Future Continuous The future continuous tense is made up of Will/Shall be verb ing To show events or actions that will be happening at some time in the future Example: 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ I shall be visiting all my relatives next month with my husband.
90 The verb must be root word Shall Should Can Could Might May Will Would Did To Generosity is giving more than you can, and pride is taking less than you need. -Kahlil Gibran-
91 'Cause I'm all about him, him, him, him, him And he's all about me, me, me, me, me And we don't give a dang, dang, dang, dang, dang About nobody-e-e-e 'Cause I'm all about him, him, him, him, him And he's all about me, me, me, me, me And we don't give a dang, dang, dang, dang, dang About nobody-e-e-e Well, had him shooting for me like a ball team Every guy was a knock out, Don King But none of 'em had smarts, that's my thing It's not enough to have balls, Spalding, ha One day by Starbucks I bumped into a guy rocking black Chucks He said "Excuse me, beautiful, " I said, "Aww, shucks" And then he asked, "Well, ay, wanna grab lunch? “ Never ever met a guy so fly Got me hooked like apple pie, I Think I'm falling and I don't know why But I won't fight these butterflies 'Cause I'm all about him, him, him, him, him And he's all about me, me, me, me, me And we don't give a dang, dang, dang, dang, dang About nobody-e-e-e (Oh-oh-oh-oh) I'm all about him (Oh-oh-oh-oh) And we don't give a dang, dang, dang (Oh-oh-oh-oh) It's all about you (Oh-oh-oh-oh) It's all about you, boy (Oh-oh-oh-oh) It's all about you (Oh-oh-oh-oh) And I swear what we have is just super cool The way he's always in my head like a Bluetooth I got a text from him, he said come through Told me that he wants to kick it, Kung Fu Don't do nothing much at all Just we and his boys watching football He asked for a kiss (Muah) So I gave him two He said, "Well, thank you, baby, " I said, "You're welcome, boo” Never ever met a guy so fly Got me hooked like apple pie, I Think I'm falling and I don't know why But I won't fight these butterflies Draw box for past tense verbs and triangles for future tense verbs that you can find in the Auburn’s lyric.
92 WEEK: Week 6 LISTENING TO INSTRUCTIONS One of the most helpful skills in life is the skill of following directions. Listening and following instructions are crucial skills you will need to get through life, school and career. Not having these particular skills could result in some consequences in your life. So you should always take careful steps and know what you are supposed to do and what is best. The world would be in complete chaos if no one ever followed instructions. Listening to instructions is a crucial skill that helps us understand and carry out tasks effectively. Here are some notes on how to improve your ability to listen to instructions: Give full attention Avoid interrupting Paraphrase and repeat Ask for clarification Take notes Maintain a positive Review the instructions
93 Close / shut the gate Sign out Close / shut the door Exercise 1: Look at the pictures of different things people do when they are the last person leaving work. What activities are they engaged in? Share your thoughts with a partner and match the pictures with the phrases below. Switch / turn off the lights Sign out Close / shut the gate Put the answerphone on Close / shut the door
94 Switch / turn off the lights Put the answerphone on Exercise 2: Listen to the manager giving instructions. Tick (√) the instructions the manager gives. close / shut the door close / shut the window close / shut the gate switch / turn off the lights switch / turn off the computers lock the safe put the answerphone on sign out put the money in the safe set the alarm Click on the link for exercise 2 & 3 audios. https://esol.excellencegateway.org.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/informational-page/ Listening%20to%20instructions%20audio1.mp3