8 ANO

Time for Fun!

It’s time to play “Tic-Tac-Toe” with your classmates.

INSTRUCTIONS

• Escolha uma marcação: X ou O.
• Na sua vez de jogar, escolha uma pergunta e, se respondê-la corretamente, faça sua

marcação.
• O vencedor do jogo é aquele que conseguir fazer três marcações em sequência (linha,

coluna ou diagonal).

1 2 3

Is English spoken in Which language has Which language has
Singapore? the greatest number of the greatest number
of second language
native speakers?
speakers?

4 5 6

Is English spreading Why are you studying Is English spoken in
with the Internet? English? India?

7 8 9

Are there more native In your opinion, what What languages would
speakers than non- language will be the you like to learn in the
native speakers of most important in the
English? future?
future?

Review 1 49

Thinking about Learning

What can I do now?

Talk about the age of information and getting with
distracted... confidence
Talk about the future of English and language
learning... well
Use the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
tenses... with some
difficulty
Use the future with will...

Explore mind maps...

Explore graphs...

What words/expressions have I learned in units 1 and 2?

Words/Expressions Words/Expressions in use

What learning resources have I used in units 1 and 2?

Dictionaries Glossary Language Reference in Context
Extra Reading Extra Videos Vocabulary Corner
Internet Other:

What do I need to do in order to improve my learning?

Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

50 Units 1 & 2

1A tip

Making a Book Trailer (First Part) O objetivo de um book
trailer é despertar,
Na unidade 1, você falou sobre a era da informação e o uso no leitor o desejo de
de diferentes tecnologias. Agora, leia a tarefa abaixo para fazer a ler e de comprar
primeira parte do Project 1, Making a Book Trailer. determinado livro.
Diferentemente do
TASK: Have you ever watched a book trailer? Book trailers are an trailer de cinema, em
excellent way to communicate the excitement of reading while que é feita uma edição
promoting new or favorite books. In small groups, try to watch com as melhores e
different movie trailers in order to better understand what they mais interessantes
are. Visit the websites <www.booktrailersforreaders.com> and cenas do filme, no book
<www.booktrailer.com.br> to find some examples of book trailers trailer, a montagem
in English and Portuguese. é elaborada com
frases de impacto,
geralmente
acompanhadas de
imagens da história e
uma bela música de
fundo. Em geral, um
book trailer tem de 30
a 90 segundos.

Book Trailers Catching Fire: Reprodu•‹o/Scholastic Press; The diary of a young girl: Reprodu•‹o/Bantam Books; The fault in our stars: Reprodu•‹o/Penguin Books UK;
Twilight: Reprodu•‹o/Little, Brown Books for Young Readers; Sherlock Holmes - Rache, um estudo em vermelho: Reprodu•‹o/Editora Melhoramentos;
Poesias: Reprodu•‹o/L&PM Pocket; Insurgent: Reprodu•‹o/Katherine Tegen Books; Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Reprodu•‹o/Arthur A. Levine Books

In this part of the project, it is only necessary to watch some movie Go to page 85
trailers. Later, you are going to make your own movie trailer based on your for the second
favorite book.
part of this
project.

Project 1A 51

Reprodução/Katherine Tegen BooksThe World Reprodução/Scholastic Press
of Books
Reprodução/Penguin Books UK Reprodução/Arthur A. Levine Books
Warming Up!

Do you know any of these books? If so, which one(s)? What are your favorite books?
What books are you reading right now?

52 

Learning Objectives

• to talk about books
• to learn how to make comparisons (the comparative form)
• to explore book reviews
• to establish connections with Portuguese and Arts

Reprodução/L&PM Pocket
Reprodução/Bantam Books

Reprodução/Editora Melhoramentos Anna de la Cruz/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Reprodução/Little, Brown Books for Young Readers

bluelela/Shutterstock/Glow Images

 53

RazoomGame/Shutterstock/Glow Images Before Reading

1 Most people prefer the book to the movie. What about you?
2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title and picture.

Answer the questions below.

a. Is the title of the text an affirmative or interrogative sentence?

b. What do you expect to read about?

Reading

Now read the text below to check your predictions.

http://thesalesblog.com

Language Why the Book Is Always
Note Better Than the Movie

better APRIL 3, 2014 by S. ANTHONY IANNARINO
comparative
of good The book is always better than the movie. There’s a reason that this is true. If you
The movie read the book first, you’ve already created the picture in your mind. Your pictures
is good, but are the right pictures. Now some big Hollywood director comes along and shares
the book is his vision of what the pictures look like, and it’s nothing like your pictures. He
better. gets it all wrong.

The director leaves out some of the scenes that you loved. He takes some artistic
liberties and changes things to make the picture flow. He even adds characters
that don’t appear anywhere in the book. Even your friends say that the movie
isn’t as good as the book.

What you see in your mind, even though you are reading the same text, is
uniquely your own, isn’t it? Even when we have words that communicate some
meaning, the way we interpret those words can be unique.

Adapted from: <http://thesalesblog.com/blog/2014/04/03/why-the-book-is-always-better-than-the-movie>.
Accessed in: January 2015.

54 Unit 3

Reading for General Comprehension

What is the general argument developed by the author to support his view
that "The book is always better than the movie."?

The way you interpret a book is unique.
Not all characters from the book are in the movie.

Reading for Detailed Comprehension

1 Based on the text, what do directors often do when they produce movies?

Mark the sentences below that refer to the author's point of view.

Directors change things in the original story.
They include some of your favorite scenes.
They add characters that don't appear in the book.

2 According to the author, "Even your friends say that the movie isn't as good

as the book." What does it mean?

Your friends prefer the book.
Your friends prefer the movie.

3 There is a repetition of the word picture in the text. Read the following Le@rning on
the Web
dictionary entry and mark the correct item that completes the sentence below. Para
conhecer
diferentes
argumentos
sobre o tema
"Are movies
better than
books?",
visite: <www.
debate.org/
opinions/
are-movies-
better-than-
books>
(acesso em:
janeiro de
2015).

In "If you read the book first, you’ve bluelela/Shutterstock/Glow Images
already created the picture in your
mind”., picture means

"a movie" (noun, definition 3).

"an idea in your mind of what
something or someone is like"
(noun, definition 4).

"to describe something or
someone in a particular way"
(verb, definition 2).

The World of Books 55

Reading for Critical Thinking

Discuss the questions below with your classmates.

a. The author presents a general argument to support his view that "The book

is always better than the movie." Do you agree with it? In your opinion, is his
argument strong or weak? Why?

b. Can you think of other arguments to support the author's point of view? Try to

offer some convincing arguments.

tip Vocabulary Study

Agrupar as Book Genres
palavras por
assunto Ž uma 1 Take a look at the following book covers and choose the ones that are
boa forma
de aprender fiction books.
e fixar
vocabul‡rio
novo.

Reprodução/Simon & Schuster
Reprodução/Thorndike Press
Reprodução/Orion Books

tip 2 Do you prefer fiction or nonfiction books?
3 What are your favorite book genres?
Observe as
palavras Adventure novel. Autobiography / Classics. Comics.
parecidas com Fanfiction. Biography. Poetry.
o portugu•s Mystery. Young adult novel.
como adventure Fantasy.
e biography. Short
Tome cuidado Romance novel. Science fiction. stories.
com palavras
que t•m Other:
uma forma
semelhante
ao portugu•s,
mas t•m um
significado
diferente.
Novel, por
exemplo, pode
nos fazer
lembrar de
ÒnovelaÓ,
mas significa
ÒromanceÓ.

4 4 Listen to the recording and repeat the words from exercise 3.

56 Unit 3

5 What is the genre of each book below? Use items from exercise 3 toReprodução/Disney-Hyperio

complete the following texts.

The Lightning Thief is an
based on Greek mythology, and the first book in the Percy
Jackson and the Olympians series written by Rick Riordan.

Available at: <www.teenink.com/reviews/book_reviews/article/584862/
The-Lightning-Thief-by-Rick-Riordan>. Accessed in: January 2015.

Reprodução/Speak Books If I Stay is a by

Gayle Forman published in 2009. The story follows

17-year-old Mia Hall as she deals with the aftermath

of a catastrophic car accident involving her family.

Reprodução/Simon & Schuster Available at: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_I_Stay>. Now
Accessed in: January 2015.
complete the
With Einstein: His Life and Universe, Walter Isaacson (...) Vocabulary
brings Einstein's experience of life, love, and intellectual Corner on
discovery into brilliant focus. The book is the first page 155 with
what you have
to tackle Einstein's
enormous volume of personal correspondence. learned.

Available at: <www.amazon.com/Einstein-Life-Universe-Walter-Isaacson/
dp/0743264746>. Accessed in: January 2015.

Reprodução/Arquivo da editoraHarry Potter and the Methods of Rationality is a
retelling of Harry

Potter. It takes place in an alternate universe in which
Harry Potter was raised by loving foster parents.

Available at: <http://minorthoughts.com/books/harry-potter-and-the-methods-
of-rationality>. Accessed in: January 2015.

6 Go back to pages 52 and 53 and take another look at the book covers.

What is each book‘s genre? Talk to a classmate about them.

The World of Books 57

Reprodução/<www.theguardian.com> Taking it Further
Reprodução/Arquivo da editora
1 What book(s) would you recommend to a friend? Why?
2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title and picture. What

do you expect to read about?

www.theguardian.com

Divergent by Veronica
Roth Ð review

hanhans

Tuesday 15 July 2014 15.00 BST

Divergent is about a girl called Tris. She lives in a world
which has a divided society. Tris doesn't fit in to any of the
societies, she is different. She is forced to live a life she doesn't want. She wants
to find where she belongs, so she leaves her family behind and ventures out
alone. However, she finds herself in a brutal new life where she can trust nobody.

The book is very intriguing from the very start to the end. Many people say it
is just like The Hunger Games, but I have read and enjoyed both books and I
can tell you they are very different.

I would recommend this book to people who enjoy adventure books and love
books like The Hunger Games.

Want to tell the world about a book you've read? Join the site and send us
your review!

Adapted from: <www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2014/jul/15/review-veronica-roth-divergent>.
Accessed in: January 2015.

Now read the text and do exercises 3-5.

3 Is the book review positive or negative? Choose a fragment from the text to

support your answer.

4 Mark the correct statements about the text.

a. Divergent is an adventure book.
b. Tris is the main character of Divergent.
c. Tris lives with her family in her new life.
d. The author of the review says that Divergent is just like The Hunger Games.

58 Unit 3

5 Match the columns below to better understand the structure of the text.

a. Paragraph 1 Opinion about the book. (What do you think of the book?)
b. Paragraph 2
Recommendation of the book. (Would you recommend
c. Paragraph 3 the book?)

Summary of the book. (What is the book about?)

 Think about it!
O texto que você leu é uma resenha crítica de um livro. A resenha foi escrita
por um leitor como você ou por um crítico profissional? Como você chegou a
essa conclusão? Você já leu resenhas críticas em português ou em inglês? Qual é
o objetivo desses textos?

Language in Use

Making Comparisons (The Comparative Form)

Read the fragments below from the text on page 54 and do exercises 1 and 2.

I. The book is always better than the movie.
II. Even your friends say that the movie isn’t as good as the book.

1 Which two elements are being compared in fragments I and II?

2 Mark the sentence below that is equivalent in meaning to fragment II.

Even your friends say that the movie is better than the book.
Even your friends say that the book is better than the movie.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

The World of Books 59

3 According to the text on page 58, many people believe Divergent and

The Hunger Games are similar novels. What about the main protagonists?
Based on the following characteristics of each character, mark the correct
statements about them.

Dee Cercone/Everett Collection/Keystone
Jon Kopaloff/FilmMagic/Getty Images

TRIS PRIOR KATNISS EVERDEEN
Main protagonist of Divergent Main protagonist of The Hunger
a brave 16-year-old girl Games
a charismatic person a brave 16-year-old girl
a very thin girl not a charismatic person
a thin girl

a. Tris is older than Katniss.
b. Katniss is as brave as Tris.
c. Tris is more charismatic than Katniss.
d. Katniss isn't as thin as Tris.

4 Mark the sentence below that is equivalent in meaning to "Katniss isn't as

thin as Tris." (exercise 3, item d).

Tris is thinner than Katniss.
Katniss is thinner than Tris.

5 Now read part of a review of Divergent. Is it about the book or the movie?

Then, complete the text with as or than.

The dystopian world of ÒDivergentÓ is far more complicated
ÒThe Hunger GamesÓ. Essentially, ÒDivergentÓ the movie is
good as the material allows it to be.

Adapted from: <http://moviemusereviews.com/divergent-review>. Accessed in: January 2015.

6 Match the itens below.

a. When one element is compared to another, we use
b. When two elements are equal in comparison, we use

as + adjective + as (as thin as, as brave as, as good as).
the comparative form (older than, more charismatic than, better than).

60 Unit 3

7 Complete the chart below and learn the spelling rules for comparative tip

adjectives. A partir da
observação
Spelling rules for comparative adjectives dos exemplos,
faça
older old + er most adjectives: inferências
younger young + er adjective + para
longer long + er compreender
adjectives ending in e: regras de
braver short + er adjective + uso da língua
nicer brave + r adjectives ending in consonant + inglesa.
nice + r vowel + consonant:
Short thinner
adjectives hotter large + r

Long thin + n + er
adjectives hot + t + er
Irregular
adjectives big + g + er adjective + last consonant +

skinnier skinny - y + ier adjectives ending in y:
happier happy - y + ier adjective - y +

more charismatic funny - y + ier
more complicated
more + charismatic most adjectives:
more + complicated + adjective

more + interesting

good worse
bad farther / further
far

8 Based on the photo descriptions below, write comparative sentences as in

the following example. Use the adjectives in the boxes.

successful • young Jon Kopaloff/FilmMagic/Getty Images Katy Winn/Corbis/Latinstock

a. Veronica Roth is as successful as Suzanne Collins.
b.

Suzanne Collins, born in Veronica Roth, born in
1962, successful writer. 1988, successful writer.

popular • old Lucas Lacaz Ruiz/Futura Press Leonardo Benassatto/Futura Press

c.

d. Thalita Rebou•as, born in Paula Pimenta, born in

1974, Brazilian writer with 1975, Brazilian writer with

over 1,500,000 books sold. over 100,000 books sold.

9 Who are your favorite writers? In pairs, talk about them and make some Go to Language
Reference in

comparisons. Context on page 164.

The World of Books 61

Listening and Speaking

1 What do you know about J. R. R. Tolkien? Mark Associated Press/Glow Images

the items below that are related to him. Then,
compare your answers with those of a classmate.

Best-selling author.

From the United States.

Famous around the world for his fantasy books.

Creator of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings

series. J. R. R. Tolkien

5 2 Listen to part of an audio book by J. R. R. Tolkien. Which book is the Reprodu•‹o/HarperCollins Publishers

tip recording about?
Reprodu•‹o/HarperCollins Publishers
Não se
preocupe em
entender todas
as palavras
e todas as
informações
do áudio. O
objetivo do
exercício 2 é
identificar a
história que
está sendo
narrada.

5 3 Listen to the recording again and focus on what is being described. Then,

mark the correct item that answers each question below.

a. What is being described?

A dwarf.
A hobbit.

b. What kind of clothing do they wear?

They usually wear brown dresses and no shoes.
They dress in bright colors, mainly green and yellow.

c. What do they call people?

Big people.
Little people.

62 Unit 3

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora4 What do the creatures being described look like? Mark the characteristics

below that are mentioned in the recording.

a. They are small.
b. They have no beard.
c. They have black hair.
d. They are fat in the stomach.
e. They have short brown fingers.

5 5 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercises 3 and 4.
6 Do you like fantasy books? Why (not)?
7 Talk about your reading preferences with a classmate. Use questions from

the box below to help you. Make extra questions and take turns as in the
following example.

What is your favorite story? What do you think of...? Is
it better/ worse/ more interesting than...? Why?
Who is your favorite protagonist/ character? Why? What do you
think of...? Is he/ she braver/ smarter/ more intelligent than...?
Who is your favorite writer...? Why? What do you think of...?
Is he/ she more successful/ more popular/ better than...?

Student A: What is your favorite story?

Student B: "O mistério da casa verde".

Student A: What do you think of "Looking for Alaska"?

Student B: Is it a novel by John Green?

Student A: Yeah. Do you like it?

Student B: Sure!

Student A: Is it more interesting than "O mistério da casa verde"?

Student B: I don't think so.

The World of Books 63

Writing

In this unit you have read a review of the book Divergent on page 58. Go back
to exercise 5 on page 59 and explore the structure of this genre. Try to answer the
following questions when writing your book review: What is the book about?; What
do you think of it?; Why would you recommend it?. Book reviews can be written
by professional critics or by anyone who wants to share their opinions about a
book. Visit the websites <www.theguardian.com/tone/childrens-user-reviews> and
<www.goodreads.com> to find more examples of book reviews.

1 Write a review to recommend one of your favorite books.

tip Writing Context

Ao revisar Before writing your text, match the columns below to identify the
os textos, elements of the writing context.
considere, por
exemplo: a. Writer: classmates and other people
b. Readers: school newspaper / Internet
¥ objetivo: A c. Genre: you
resenha está d. Objective: critical tone
adequada ao e. Style: book review
público‑alvo f. Media: recommend a book you like
e ao seu
objetivo? Step by Step

¥ conteúdo: 1. Think of a great book to write a positive review of.
Você 2. Start your review with general information about the book (the title of the book,
verificou as
informações its author, the main characters etc.).
gerais do
livro (nome 3. Write a clear and short summary of the book. Discuss its main theme, but don't
do autor,
personagens give away the ending of the book.
etc.)?
4. Mention your opinion about the book. Think of strong arguments to support
¥ linguagem:
O texto está your opinion.
redigido de
maneira clara 5. Say why you recommend the book.
e objetiva? 6. Add a picture or draw the cover of the book or the main protagonist to
Você
escolheu bons illustrate your review.
argumentos
para 7. Exchange reviews with a classmate and discuss the texts.
defender sua 8. Make the necessary corrections.
opinião sobre 9. Write the final version of the book review.
o livro?

¥ tempo verbal:
Você usou
o Present
Simple para
escrever sua
resenha?

Reescreva seu
texto com base
na revisão feita
por você e seus
colegas.

2 It’s time to share your book review with your classmates and other people.

The book reviews can be published, for example, on the Internet or in the
school newspaper.

64 Unit 3

Looking Ahead Imagnes: Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora

In this unit you have talked about the world of books. Read the inspiring quotes
below about books and reading. Then, talk to a classmate and answer the
following questions.

“A room without books

is like

a body without a soul.”

Marcus Tullius Cicero

READ THE SAME tip

Available at: <www.brainyquote.com>. Accessed in: May 2015. Busque sempre
estabelecer
relações entre
os textos que
você lê para
ampliar sua
compreensão
sobre eles e
sobre o mundo.

a. What do the quotes mean? Use your own words to explain the meaning of each quote above.
b. Do you agree with them? Why (not)?
c. Which quote is related to the text on page 54? Why?

Extra Reading
<www.shortlist.com/entertainment/books-vs-films-the-infographic>
<www.barnesandnoble.com/blog/6-reasons-the-book-is-almost-always-better-than-the-movie/>

Extra Video
<www.ted.com/talks/lisa_bu_how_books_can_open_your_mind?language=en>

The World of Books 65

What a KidStock/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Wonderful World!

Warming Up!

The photos show social habits, places and animals from different parts of the world.
What do you know about them?

66 

Volt Collection/Shutterstock/Glow Images

PlusONE/Shutterstock/Glow Images Dr. Morley Read/Shutterstock/Glow Images

DLILLC/Corbis/Latinstock G Ronald Austing/Science Source/Getty Images

Learning Objectives

• to talk about social habits, places and animals around the world
• to learn how to make comparisons (the superlative form)
• to explore quizzes
• to establish connections with Geography and History

 67

Before Reading

1 In pairs, think of examples of good and bad manners in our country. What

are some manners in our country that no longer exist?

2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title and layout. Answer

the questions below.

a. How many facts are there in the text?

b. How can you identify key words and expressions in the text?

c. What do you expect to read about?

Reading

Now read the text below to check your predictions.

FACTS TO MIND ABOUT MAnnERS 3 If you DROP YOUR Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora
BREAD on the ground in
1 CHEWING GUM in 2 It’s considered rude to most Middle Eastern
public is a big no-no write in RED INK in countries, you should
for kids in France. PORTUGAL. pick it up, kiss it, and
RAISE IT to your
forehead to show
RESPECT for your food.

5 In INDIA, it's rude 4BLOWING YOUR NOSE AlexandreNunes/Shutterstock/Glow Images
to open a GIFT in in public in Japan is
front of the person considered RUDE.
who gave it. Gifts
are OPENED IN 7 It’s totally acceptable
PRIVATE. for people in
SHANGHAI, China,
6 In Bangladesh, to go SHOPPING IN
women DO NOT THEIR PAJAMAS.
SHAKE HANDS..
Instead, they greet 8 Cutting your
each other with a POTATOES WITH A
POLITE NOD. KNIFE in Germany is
insulting to the host.
It suggests the food
isn’t cooked enough.

Adapted from: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. 5,000 Awesome Facts 2 (About Everything!).
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2014. p. 74-75.

68 Unit 4

Reading for General Comprehension

Mark the main objective of the text.

To show that the way you behave on particular occasions can make no
difference when you interact with people from different countries.
To show that it is important to take into consideration the way you behave
toward people from different countries, with different customs.

Reading for Detailed Comprehension

1 Each picture below illustrates a fact from the text. For each picture, choose a

fact from the text as in the example below.

Fact: 4 Fact:

Ilustrações: Galvão Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

Fact: Fact:

2 Match the countries to the recommendations. tip

a. France Don’t write in red ink. Localize nomes
b. Germany Don’t chew gum in public. de países para
c. India Don’t cut potatoes with a knife. identificar
d. Portugal Don’t open gifts in the presence of the giver. informações
específicas
mais
rapidamente.

What a Wonderful World! 69

3 It is time to read between the lines! Based on the facts presented in the text,

what can you say about cultural diversity?

All cultures are creative and unique.

Culture takes diverse forms all over the world.

Cultural diversity enriches our lives in many ways.

Cultural diversity is an important source of identity.

Young people cannot benefit from cultural diversity.

Reading for Critical Thinking

Discuss the questions below with your classmates.

a. Which behavior in the text is considered good manners in another country, but

bad manners in our country? Why is it considered bad manners in our country?
Do you know any other social habits in our country that are considered bad
manners or good manners in another country?

b. In your opinion, why are good manners important? Do you find it easy to respect

the social habits of people from other countries? Why (not)?

c. What advice would you give a foreigner visiting our country who wants to show

good manners?

Vocabulary Study

Adjectives

1 Read the fragments below from the text on page 68 and mark the correct

item that completes each sentence below.

I. In Bangladesh, women DO NOT SHAKE HANDS. Instead, they greet each

other with a POLITE NOD.

II. BLOWING YOUR NOSE in public in Japan is considered RUDE.

a. In fragment I, polite means

showing no respect for other people and their feelings.
having good manners and respect for the feelings of other people.

b. In fragment II, rude means

showing no respect for other people and their feelings.
having good manners and respect for the feelings of other people.

c. The adjectives polite and rude are

opposites. synonyms.

d. Polite and rude are used to

express an action. describe or give information
about things.

70 Unit 4

2 Let’s learn more adjectives! Choose the correct adjective that best describes

each picture below. In each item, the adjectives are opposites.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

quiet. shy / timid lazy mean
talkative. outgoing / sociable hard-working generous

6 3 Listen to the recording and repeat the words from exercise 2. tip

4 Mark the correct item that completes each quote below. Apoie-se em
palavras
a. “I’m a person because I like to get to know a person and I parecidas com
o português
like you to get to know me.” LisaRaye McCoy-Misick, American actress (quiet, timid,
generous)
quiet talkative para ajudar
você a fazer
b. “I’m a very person. I’m always happy, I’m one of those inferências.

people who are always smiling.” Corbin Bleu, American actor Language
Note
shy outgoing My brother
is a lazy
c. “I’m actually a very person. Most of the time, I’m happy to sit person.
My brother is
around and stare. Or watch bad TV soaps." Vikram Seth, Indian novelist and poet lazy.
I’m a very
lazy hard-working shy person.

d. “Love is the most terrible, and also the most of the I’m very
shy.
passions; it is the only one which includes in its dreams the happiness of
tip
someone else.” Alphonse Karr, French critic and novelist
Busque
mean generous associar as
palavras
5 Go back to exercise 4 and compare your answers with those of a classmate. aos seus
antônimos
6 In pairs, ask and answer the following questions. como uma
forma de
a. What are you like? What about your best friend? ampliar e
estudar
b. Do you have friends who are the opposite of you? vocabulário.

c. Do you respect people whose physical and psychological characteristics are Now
complete the
different from yours? Vocabulary

Language Note Corner on
page 156 with
• We use “What are you like?” to ask about personality/character. E.g. What are you like? what you have
I'm shy and hard-working.
learned.
• We use “What do you look like?” to ask about physical appearance. E.g. What do you look like?
I’m short and slim.

• We use “What do you like?” to ask about interests. E.g. What do you like? I like listening to music.

What a Wonderful World! 71

Taking it Further

1 Are you good at Geography? What interesting facts do you know about our

country? How about other countries?

2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its structure and title.

Then, mark the correct item that completes each sentence below.

a. The text is a b. The text is a

true or false quiz. subject-specific quiz.

multiple choice quiz. general knowledge quiz.

3 What do you expect to read in the text?

Now read the text below to check your predictions. Then, take the quiz and
check the answers with your teacher.

TRUE OR FALSE Where in the World?
1. THE WORLD’S RICHEST COUNTRY IS QATAR.

2. IN THE NETHERLANDS, THERE ARE THREE TIMES AS MANY BIKES AS CARS.

3. THE AMAZON RIVER IN SOUTH AMERICA IS THE LONGEST RIVER IN THE

WORLD.

4. THERE ARE MORE LAKES IN CANADA THAN IN ALL OTHER COUNTRIES

COMBINED.

5. HOLDING UP YOUR OPEN PALM WITH FINGERS EXTENDED IS A SERIOUS

INSULT IN GREECE.

From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. Quiz Whiz 4: 1,000 Super Fun Mind-bending Totally Awesome
Trivia Questions. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2014. p. 42.

4 Based on the true facts from the quiz, mark the correct statement below.

The longest river in the world is in Brazil.
There are more bikes than cars in the Netherlands.
Canada is the most populous country in the world.

5 Which item from the text is about bad manners in another country? Choose

the picture below that best illustrates it.

LCosmo/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Onenone69/Shutterstock/Glow Images

6 Is it rude in our country to show oneÔs hand this way?

72 Unit 4

Language in Use

Making Comparisons (The Superlative Form)

Read the fragments below from the quiz on page 72 and do exercises 1-5.

I. The world’s richest country is Qatar. II. ... is the longest river in the world.

1 Complete the following item about fragment I.

The fragment “The world’s richest country is Qatar.” is equivalent in meaning to

“Qatar is the richest country .”

2 Take a look at the table below and compare the length of the rivers Nile,

Amazon and Yangtze. Then, complete fragment II.

The Nile The Amazon The Yangtze

River Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team/
GSFC/NASA

Pubbli Aer Foto/DeAgostini/DEA/Getty Images
Martin Moos/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images

Length 6,650 6,400 6,300
(km)

Source: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_length>. Accessed in: January 2015.

is the longest river in the world.

3 Complete the following item about fragment II.

The fragment “... is the longest river in the world.” is equivalent in meaning to
“ longest river is...”.

4 Based on the length of the rivers in exercise 2, complete the following sentences.

a. is longer than the Amazon river.

b. The Amazon river is longer than .

5 Now match the columns below.

a. When one element is compared to another, we use the superlative form
(the longest).
b. When one element is compared to other elements
the comparative form
(two or more) from the same group, we use (longer than).

What a Wonderful World! 73

6 How much do you know about Northeastern South America? Complete the

fact file below with the items in the following box.

Highest life expectancy ¥ Most populous country ¥ Highest literacy rate
Smallest country ¥ Largest country

Language Northeastern South America Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora
Note
least x most The Basics

STATS

Brazil; 8,547,403 sq. km

Suriname; 163,265 sq. km

Brazil; 194,334,000 Mauricio Ricaldi/S

Least populous country hutterstock/Glow Images

Suriname; 542,000

Predominant languages

Portuguese, English, Dutch, Hindi

Brazil; 73 years

Language Guyana; 92% .
Note .
From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. World Atlas. Fourth Edition. .
When Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2013, p. 78. .
making
comparisons, 7 Based on the fact file in exercise 6, write superlative sentences as in the
we use the
before the example below.
superlative
adjective. a. Brazil is the largest country in northeastern South America.
E.g. Brazil is b.
the largest c.
country in d.
northeastern
South
America.

74 Unit 4

8 Complete the chart below and learn the spelling rules for superlative adjectives. tip

Spelling rules for superlative adjectives A partir da
observação
longest long + est most adjectives: dos exemplos,
smallest small + est adjective + faça
highest high + est inferências
para
rich + est compreender
regras de
largest large + st adjectives ending in e: uso da língua
nicest nice + st adjective + inglesa.

Short wide + st
adjectives
thinnest thin + n + est adjectives ending in consonant +
Long hottest hot + t + est vowel + consonant:
adjectives adjective + last consonant +
Irregular big + g + est
adjectives
laziest lazy – y + iest adjectives ending in y:
driest dry – y + iest adjective – y +

funny – y + iest

most populous most + populous most adjectives:
most generous most + generous + adjective

most + difficult

good best
bad worst
far farthest / furthest

9 LetÕs learn more facts about South America! Complete the following gaps with

the adjectives from the box below. Use the superlative form as in the example.

small • large • loud • populous • dry

F c a ng facts ab t S A rica Eric Isselee/Shutterstock/Glow Images

1 South America’s rain forests are 3 The ANDES is
home to the smallest monkey
(PYGMY MARMOSET) and ABOVE-WATER
MOUNTAIN RANGE
(THE HOWLER MONKEY). in the world.

2 ARICA, CHILE, is 4 SÃO PAULO is

place in the world – it CITY in South America. Go to
hardly ever rains there.
Language
Reference
in Context on
page 165.

Adapted from: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. 5,000 Awesome Facts (About Everything!).
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2012. p. 106-107.

What a Wonderful World! 75

Listening and Speaking

1 In your opinion, what can help keep the customs and traditions of a country

alive?

Holidays. Stories.

Photos. Videos.

Other: .

7 2 Listen to part of a talk delivered by a storyteller from South Africa. He is

talking to children from Guyana. What is the talk about?

The importance of stories in different cultures.
Traditions from his country that no longer exist.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

7 3 Listen to the recording again and mark the items that the storyteller

mentions in the talk.

Children love to hear stories.
EveryoneÕs cultural imagination is the same.
Storytelling is the oral tradition of how we speak.
Stories teach us how silly things can really be in life.
Our brain becomes more active when we tell stories.
You get to understand someone elseÕs imagination through stories.

7 4 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercise 3.

5 Do you know stories from different cultures and countries? If so, which ones?

In your opinion, what are the benefits of learning about different cultures
through stories? Can they help you avoid stereotypes and respect other
cultures?

76 Unit 4

6 Complete the ÒCultural Diversity Self AssessmentÓ below. There are no right

or wrong answers.

Cultural Diversity Self Assessment

How often do you... never
almost never
sometimes

often
always

1. speak up if you see another person being discriminated against? 12345
12345
2. make assumptions about a person or individual group? 12345
12345
3. communicate easily with people who do not look like you? 12345
12345
4. respect the opinions of others even when you disagree with them? 12345
12345
5. avoid language that reinforces stereotypes?
6. take physical characteristics into consideration when interacting with

others?
7. avoid generalizing behaviors or attitudes of one individual group to

another group?
8. try to learn about and appreciate the richness of other cultures?

TOTAL SCORE: / 40

Based on: <www.illinoiscte.org/PDF/module/Cultural%20Diversity%20Self%20Assessment.pdf?lbisphpreq=1>.
Accessed in: January 2015.

7 Now go back to exercise 6 and interview a classmate. Then, compare your

answers with those of a classmate. Who has the highest score?

Rob Wilson/Shutterstock/Glow Images

What a Wonderful World! 77

Writing

narokzaad/Shutterstock/Glow Images In this unit you have read a true or false quiz on page 72. A quiz is a
set of quick questions designed to test knowledge. It can be used as a
tip game, a competition or a short test given to students.

Ao revisar Quizzes may be held on a variety of subjects (general knowledge
os textos, quizzes) or be subject-specific (a quiz on Science, History etc.). The
considere, por format of the quiz can also vary widely. Online quizzes have become
exemplo: very popular. Visit <www.sciencekids.co.nz/quizzes.html> to find
examples of quizzes on several different subjects.
¥ objetivo: As
informações 1 In pairs, create a True or False quiz to challenge your friends. You can ask
estão
adequadas ao questions about good and bad manners around the world, interesting facts
objetivo do about different countries, cities, cultures etc.
texto?
Writing Context
¥ linguagem:
Os itens estão Before writing your text, complete the gaps below to identify the
redigidos de elements of the writing context.
maneira clara
e objetiva? a. Writer: you and
b. Readers: classmates and other people
¥ conteúdo: As c. Genre:
informações d. Objective: to test your classmatesÕ knowledge on
foram e. Style: informative tone
verificadas f. Media: school board / Internet
e estão
corretas? Step by Step

¥ leiaute: A 1. In pairs, decide the topic of the quiz and how many items you are going to
organização
visual facilita have. You can write between five and ten items.
a rápida
compreensão 2. Brainstorm questions about the topic. If necessary, do research on the Internet
das
informações? to get more information on the topic. Look for reliable sources.

¥ ortografia: 3. Be creative. Write interesting and challenging items that are not too easy to answer.
As palavras 4. Write a first draft of the quiz and choose a title for it. DonÕt forget to prepare a
estão
escritas cor- key with the correct answers.
retamente?
5. Exchange quizzes with other students and discuss both texts.
Reescreva seu 6. Make the necessary corrections.
texto com base 7. Create the final version of the quiz by hand or use a computer to design it.
na revisão feita
por você e seus 2 ItÕs time to share your quiz and challenge your classmates and other people. You
colegas.
can print copies of your quiz or publish it on the Internet. To create an online
quiz, you may use one of the following services: <quizzes.cc>; <quizyourfriends.
com>; <www.quizbox.com/builder>; <www.gotoquiz.com/create.html>.

78 Unit 4

Looking Ahead

In this unit you have learned about different D IFFERENT Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora
cultures and places from all over the globe.
When we look around the world itÕs not difficult I NDIVIDUALS
to see that each culture is distinct and unique.
Read the acrostic poem on the right about V ALUING
ÒdiversityÓ. Then, talk to a classmate and answer
the following questions. E ACH OTHER

a. Do you agree with the definition of “diversity”? R EGARDLESS OF

Why (not)? How would you define the term? SKIN
I NTELLECT
b. Imagine if we lived in a world where there was
T ALENTS OR
only one language and only one way of thinking.
What would life be like? Would you like to live in Y EARS.
a world with no cultural diversity? Why (not)?

Available at: <https://gayecrispin.wordpress.
com/2013/03/23/diversity-poster-taolife>.
Accessed in: January 2015.

Now read the quote above and, in small groups, try to explain its meaning. Do you
agree with it?

DIVERSITY IS THE ONE Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora
TRUE THING WE ALL HAVE
IN COMMON. CELEBRATE

IT EVERY DAY

(Anonymous)

Extra Reading
<www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/countries.html>
<http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001345/134556e.pdf>
<http://people.howstuffworks.com/13-examples-of-good-and-bad-manners-around-the-world.htm>

Extra Videos
<http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/places/regions-places/south-america>
<http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Why-cultural-diversity-matters>

What a Wonderful World! 79

3&4

Reading

1 What do you know about Australia and New Zealand?

Now read the text below and do exercises 2 and 3.

Australia & New Zealand

Most people in Australia live along the coast, far from the country’s dry
interior, known as the Outback. The most populous cities and the best croplands
are in the southeast. This “Land Down Under” is increasingly linked by trade to
Asian countries and to 4.4 million “neighbours” in New Zealand. Twelve hundred
miles (1,930 km) across the Tasman Sea, New Zealand is cooler, wetter, and more
mountainous than Australia. It is geographically active and has ecosystems
ranging from subtropical forests on North Island to snow peaks on South Island.
Both countries enjoy high standards of living and strong agricultural and mining
outputs, including wool, wines, gold, coal, and iron ore.

Australia & New Zealand

Arafura Sea Coral Robson Rocha/Arquivo da editora
Sea
AUSTRALIA
Tropic of Capricorn
INDIAN
OCEAN PACIFIC
OCEAN
Country capital
Canberra Tasman N
Sea

NEW Wellington WE
ZEALAND S

0 790 1 580 km

180¼

From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. World Atlas. Fourth Edition.
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2013, p.148.

80 Units 3 & 4

2 Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statements.

a. Most people in Australia live in the country’s dry interior.
b. The most populous cities are in the southeast.
c. Australia is more mountainous than New Zealand.
d. Both Australia and New Zealand have high standards of living.

3 Complete the sentences below with expressions from the text.

a. Australia is known as the .

b. Australia’s is known as the Outback.

c. In New Zealand, you can find on North Island.

d. Both Australia and New Zealand have strong productions.

Language in Use /Arquivo da editora
Robson Rocha
Making Comparisons

1 How much do you know about Australia and New Zealand?

Complete the fact file below with the items in the following box.

Highest life expectancy • Highest literacy rate • Largest country
• Least populous country • Smallest country

Australia and New Zeland

The Basics Stats New Zeland; 4,437,000

Australia; 7,692,024 sq. km Predominant Languages
English, Maori

New Zeland; 270,534 sq. km Australia; 82 years

Most populous country Australia, New Zeland; 99%
Australia; 22,035,000

From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. World Atlas. Fourth Edition. Washington, D.C.:
National Geographic Society, 2013, p.148.

Review 2 81

2 Complete the following facts about Australia. Use the comparative form or the

superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

a. While Australia is of all the continents, it is three times
the largest island in the world – Greenland. (small/large)

Ralph Loesche/Shutterstock/Glow Images b. The famous Outback, or dry, middle region of Australia,

contains deserts in the country with

scorching hot temperatures and little water. (large)

c. snakes in the world Rich Carey/Shutterstock/Glow Images

call Australia home. Sea snakes can have poison ten times
that of a cobra. (poisonous/potent)

Peter Walton Photography/ d. Saltwater crocodiles, native to Australia, are considered
Photolibrary RM/Getty Images
among animals in the world. (deadly)

e. Wallaroos are marsupials that are Jacek Jasinski/Shutterstock/Glow Images

kangaroos. (small)

Stanislav Fosenbauer/Shutterstock/Glow Images f. rock in the world, Uluru, located

in the middle of Australia, is a 114-story
building. (large/tall)

From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. 5,000 Awesome Facts (About Everything!).
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2012, p. 50-51.

82 Units 3 & 4

Time for Fun! Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

It’s time to play a board game with your classmates.
INSTRUCTIONS

• Comece o jogo na casa START.
• Jogue o dado para mover sua peça.
• Forme uma frase usando o comparativo ou o superlativo do adjetivo da casa onde

parar.
• Ganha o jogo aquele que chegar à casa FINISH primeiro.

Review 2 83

Thinking about Learning

What can I do now?

Talk about books... with
Talk about social habits, places and animals around confidence
the world...
Make comparisons (comparative and superlative forms)... well
Explore book reviews...
Explore quizzes... with some
difficulty
What words/expressions have I learned in units 3 and 4?

Words/Expressions Words/Expressions in use

What learning resources have I used in units 3 and 4?

Dictionaries Glossary Language Reference in Context
Extra Reading Extra Videos Vocabulary Corner
Internet Other:

What do I need to do in order to improve my learning?

Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

84 Units 3 & 4

1B Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

Making a Book Trailer (Second Part)

Na unidade 3, você falou sobre diferentes livros,
literários e não literários, e escreveu uma resenha de um
livro. Leia a tarefa abaixo e siga as instruções para fazer a
segunda parte do Project 1, Making a Book Trailer.

TASK: After having watched some book trailers, it is time
to make your own book trailer and share it with the
world! You can create a trailer based on the book
review you wrote in unit 3 (see page 64).

1. Produce it! In groups, decide which book will receive a trailer. If you wrote a review
of the same book in unit 3, you can use it to help you. To learn useful tips on how
to make your book trailer, visit the website <www.booktrailersforreaders.com/
How+to+make+a+book+trailer>.

2. Share it locally! Organize an event at your school with the book trailers you and your
classmates have created and share them with everybody. Invite teachers,
family members, friends, and other people from your community to watch the videos.
You can also make popcorn and serve it in individual popcorn bags!

3. Share it globally! Use the Internet to share your book trailer with people all over the
world. You can also publish pictures of the event on the school’s website.

THE FOLLOWING BOOK TRAILER HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR

ALL AUDIENCES

FOR YOUR BOOK PREVIEWING PLEASURE

 Think about it!
Reflita sobre o desenvolvimento do projeto a partir das questões a seguir.
 Como você se sentiu ao criar seu próprio book trailer? Foi difícil produzir o vídeo?
 Como foi a exposição de book trailers na escola?
 Como as pessoas reagiram aos vídeos?
 Você faria alguma coisa de modo diferente? Em caso afirmativo, o quê?

Project 1B 85

Flip Schulke/Corbis/LatinstockLooking to
William Philpott/Getty Imagesthe Past

Warming Up!

The photos show people from different parts of the world who were and are still very
important to our history. Who were they? Where were they from?

86 

Dinodia Photos/Getty Images David Turnley/Corbis/Latinstock

Tim Graham/Getty Images Reprodução/Coleção particular

Learning Objectives

• to talk about important people in our history
• to learn how to use the verb to be in the Past Simple tense
• to explore frequently asked questions (FAQ)
• to establish connections with History and Geography

 87

Before Reading

1 Who was Nelson Mandela?

American civil rights campaigner.
South African President and anti-apartheid leader.

2 What else do you know about him?

3 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title, picture and

structure. What do you expect to read about?

Reading

Now read the text below to check your predictions.

Key dates in the life of 1918 1937

Nelson Mandela July 18, Born in the

Transkei, South Africa

1942 At 18, starts college

1944Begins to attend ANC*
meetings informally
Co-founds ANC Youth League.

1952 Marries Evelyn Ntoko Mase

Opens South AfricaÕs frst black

law practice with Oliver Tambo 1958

Marries Winnie Madikizela

1964

Sentenced to life imprisonment.

Sent to the maximum-security 1982
prison on Robben Island Leaves Robben Island for

Pollsmoor Prison

1990

Released from prison

1993

1994 Wins the Nobel Peace Prize
with F. W. de Klerk, the last
Elected president after apartheid president

the ANC wins South AfricaÕs

frst multi racial elections

1998

Marries Graça Machel

2004

Withdraws from public life
David Turnley/Corbis/Latinstock Madiba1999
Steps down after one
term as president

2013

December 5, Dies at 95
* African National Congress

Adapted from: Nelson Mandela Centre for Memory. Available at: <http://ewn.co.za/-/media/
C999774BD6B34C8CADCAAA16495D0D4C.ashx>. Accessed in: February 2015.

88 Unit 5

Reading for General Comprehension © 2013 Wasserman/Dist. by Tribune Media Services

Mark the main objective of the text.
To present key events in the life of Nelson Mandela in order of importance.

To present the most important events in the life of Nelson Mandela in
chronological order.

Reading for Detailed Comprehension

1 Mark the correct statements about Nelson Mandela.

a. He was married four times.
b. He was set free from prison in 1990.
c. He served eighteen years in prison.
d. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
e. He served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

2 Answer the questions below.

a. When was Nelson Mandela born?

b. Where was he born?

c. Who was Evelyn?

3 The cartoon on the right is connected to

the timeline on page 88. It also shows
key events in the life of Nelson Mandela.
Based on the timeline, can you identify
each event in the cartoon? Use the items
in the following box to help you. The first
one has been done for you.

“elected president”

“released from prison”

“co-founds ANC Youth League”

“sentenced to life imprisonment”

“wins the Nobel Peace Prize” Available at: <www.startribune.com/opinion/234683131.html>.
Accessed in: February 2015.

1st event in the cartoon: “co-founds ANC Youth League” tip
2nd event in the cartoon:
3rd event in the cartoon: Busque sempre
4th event in the cartoon: estabelecer
5th event in the cartoon: relações entre
os textos que
você lê para
ampliar sua
compreensão
sobre eles e
sobre o mundo.

Looking to the Past 89

Reading for Critical Thinking

Discuss the questions below with your classmates.

a. Based on the timeline and Nelson Mandela’s quote on the cartoon (“It always

seems impossible until it’s done.”), how would you describe him as a leader?
Do you agree with the quote? Why (not)?

b. Nelson Mandela was a revolutionary and his legacy will live on forever. In your

opinion, do we have influential civil rights leaders in today’s world? If so, who?

Vocabulary Study

Occupations

1 On page 87 you can find an example of a great Brazilian figure, Zumbi dos

Palmares. He was the last of the leaders of the Quilombo dos Palmares.
Get to know other people from Brazil who are important to our history.
Write A-F under each photo to match it with the corresponding person’s
description. Then, compare your answers with those of a classmate.

Henrique Bernardelli/Rogério Reis/Pulsar Imagens/ Cedida por Tarsila Educação Nilson Bastian/LatinContent/Getty Images
Academia Brasileira de Letras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. /<www.tarsiladoamaral.com.br>

Machado de Assis Tarsila do Amaral Zilda Arns
(Rio de Janeiro, 1839-1908) (São Paulo, 1886-1973) (Santa Catarina, 1934-2010)

Boyer/Roger-Viollet/Agência France-Presse Pascal Rondeau/Allsport/Getty Images AGIP/Rue des Archives/Latinstock

Alberto Santos-Dumont Ayrton Senna da Silva Elis Regina
(Minas Gerais, 1873-1932) (São Paulo, 1960-1994) (Porto Alegre, 1945-1982)

a. Alberto Santos-Dumont was a well-known aviator and inventor.
b. Machado de Assis was a writer ahead of his time.
c. Elis Regina was a dynamic singer known for her performances.
d. Zilda Arns was a respected doctor and aid worker.
e. Ayrton Senna was an extraordinary racing car driver.
f. Tarsila do Amaral was a famous painter and illustrator.

90 Unit 5

8 2 Listen to the recording and check your answers to exercise 1. Then, listen to

the recording again and repeat the words in bold.

3 Go back to exercise 1 and focus on the words in bold. What do they have in

common? Mark the correct statements below.

They end in -er, -or.
They are one-syllable words.
They are names of occupations.
They are comparative adjectives.

4 Based on the correct statements from the previous exercise, can you think of

other words with the same characteristics as the ones in bold (exercise 1)?

5 According to what you already know about the people in exercise 1,

complete the following sentences with the items in the box below as in the
example.

¥ an early aviation ¥ Brazilian modernist ¥ humanitarian activities
pioneer movement ¥ motor racing drivers

¥ Brazilian literature ¥ Brazilian vocalists

a. Machado de Assis is considered one of the greatest writers of .

Brazilian literature

b. Tarsila do Amaral is considered one of the central figures of the

.

c. The Zilda Arns performed are

considered inspirational.

d. Alberto Santos-Dumont is considered

.

e. Ayrton Senna is considered one of the greatest

of all time.

f. Elis Regina is considered one of the best of all time. Now

6 In pairs, ask and answer the following questions. complete the
Vocabulary
a. Who is considered the greatest writer/singer/painter of all time? Corner on
b. Who is considered an inspirational Brazilian figure? Why? page 157 with
what you have

learned.

Looking to the Past 91

Taking it Further

1 Go back to the timeline on page 88 and complete the sentences below.

tip a. The last apartheid president was .

Apoie-se no b. South Africa’s elections were in 1994.
vocabulário
já conhecido 2 The following text is a list of questions and answers, often referred to as
(life, everyone,
live, work) e FAQ (frequently asked questions). Before reading the answers, take a look at
em palavras the questions. What do you expect to read about?
parecidas com
o português Now read the following text and do exercises 3 and 4.
(practice,
official, racial, Reprodu•‹o/<www.nelsonmandela.org> www.nelsonmandela.org
segregation)
para ajudá-lo FAQ
na compreen-
são do texto.

Le@rning on Frequently Asked Questions
the Web
Para conhecer 12. What was apartheid?
mais sobre a
vida de Nel- Apartheid, which means ‘separateness’, was the practice of official racial
son Mandela segregation in every aspect of life. Under apartheid, everyone in South
e o apartheid Africa had to be classified according to a particular racial group. This
na África do classification determined where someone could be born, where they could
Sul, visite: live, where they could go to school, where they could work (...). Only white
<www.nel- people could vote and they had the best opportunities and the most
sonmandela. money was spent on their facilities. Apartheid made others live in poverty.
org>. (acesso Black South Africans’ lives were strictly controlled. Many thousands of
em: fevereiro people died in the struggle to end apartheid.
de 2015).

13. What was Nelson Mandela’s vision during the apartheid era?

Mr. Mandela’s vision during the apartheid era was for the eradication of
racism and for the establishment of a constitutional democracy.

Available at: <www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/faqs>. Accessed in: February 2015. (fragment)

3 Mark the correct statements about the text.

a. Under apartheid, people from South Africa were treated differently because

of their skin color.

b. Apartheid determined where, based on race, people could live, study and

work.

c. Only white people had full political rights during the apartheid era.
d. During apartheid, everybody in South Africa was poor.
e. Mandela was against a constitutional democracy.

92 Unit 5

4 Based on the text, choose the pictures below that best illustrate what

happened during apartheid.

Pascal Rondeau/Allsport/Getty Images
Shaun Higson/age Fotostock/AGB Photo/Keystone

Dave G. Houser/Corbis/Latinstock
Sean Murphy/The Image Bank/Getty Images

 Think about it!
O apartheid foi um regime de segregação racial na África do Sul entre 1948
e 1994. Com a divisão da população em grupos raciais, os direitos da grande
maioria dos habitantes foram cerceados pelo governo formado pela minoria
branca. Mandela se destacou como líder da luta de resistência ao apartheid e,
em 1994, nas primeiras eleições em que os negros puderam votar, Mandela foi
eleito presidente do país. Na sua opinião, ainda existem atitudes marcadas pela
discriminação racial no nosso país? Vivemos em uma democracia para todos?
Justifique sua resposta.

Language in Use

Past Simple (Verb To Be)

Read the fragments below from the text on page 92 and do exercises 1 and 2.

I. What was apartheid? III. Black South Africans’ lives were

II. Apartheid, which means strictly controlled.

‘separateness,’ was the practice
of official racial segregation.

1 Mark the correct item that completes each sentence below.

a. The fragments above are about a situation in the past that

is finished. is not finished.

b. “Apartheid” is the subject in

fragment I. fragments I and II.

c. The subject in fragment III is

“strictly controlled”. “Black South Africans’ lives”.

2 Complete the statements below with plural or singular.

a. In affirmative sentences, we use was when the subject is (I/He/She/It).
b. In affirmative sentences, we use were when the subject is (We/You/They).

Looking to the Past 93

Language 3 Answer the questions below. .
Note .
a. When were you born?
on + dates: b. Where were you born?
I was born
on 27 June, 4 Complete the following text with was or were as in the example below.
2004.
in + places: Reprodução/<www.nobelprize.org>www.nobelprize.org
I was born Flip Schulke/Corbis/Latinstock
in Salvador,
Bahia.

Martin Luther King, Jr. The Nobel Peace Prize 1964

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question: When was Martin Luther King, Jr. born?

Answer: Martin Luther King, Jr., born

on Tuesday, 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.

Question: What the names of Martin

Luther King, Jr.’s family members?

Answer: Martin Luther King, Jr. the second child and first

son to the Reverend Martin Luther King and Alberta Williams King.

He had one sister, Christine and one brother, Alfred Daniel.

Question: When Martin Luther King, Jr. married?

Answer: He married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953.

Question: What his dreams?

Answer: That all people would someday be sisters and brothers in a world
governed by equality, justice, and peace.

Available at: <www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-faq.html>. Accessed in:
February 2015. (fragment)

5 Based on the questions and answers about Martin Luther King, Jr., mark the

correct sentences below.

a. He was born in Georgia, United States.
b. He was not an only child.
c. Equality, justice, and peace were his dreams.
d. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.

6 Which sentence from exercise 5 is in the negative form? Complete the

statements below with plural or singular.

a. In negative sentences, we use was not (= wasnÕt) when the subject is

(I/He/She/It).

b. In negative sentences, we use were not (= werenÕt) when the subject is

(We/You/They).

94 Unit 5

7 Answer the following questions about Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Language
Note
Mandela as in the example below. If necessary, go back to the texts on
pages 88 and 94 to check out details about their lives. Short answers
with the verb
a. Was Martin Luther King, Jr. born in Atlanta? to be in the
Past Simple:
Yes, he was.
Yes, I/he/
b. Was he an anti-apartheid leader? she/it was.
Yes, we/you/
No, he wasn’t. they were.

c. Was he the first child? No, I/he/
she/it wasnÕt.
No, we/you/
they werenÕt.

d. Was he younger than his sister?

e. Was Nelson Mandela the first president after apartheid?

f. Were Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Mandela single?

g. Were they awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

8 To form interrogative sentences with the verb to be in the Past Simple,

we use:

Was/Were + subject. Subject + was/were.

9 ItÕs time to play a guessing game with your classmate. Think of a person who Go to

was very famous in the past, but donÕt say his/her name to your classmate. Language
Then, as in the example below, your classmate is going to ask yes/no Reference
questions to find out who your secret person is. Take turns. You can play it as in Context on
many times as you want! page 166.

Student A: Was the person a man? Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora
Student B: Yes, he was.
Student A: Was he from Brazil?
Student B: No, he wasnÕt.
Student A: Was he from the United States?
Student B: Yes, he was.
Student A: Was he a famous singer?
Student B: Yes, he was.
Student A: Was he Michael Jackson?
Student B: Yes, he was.

Looking to the Past 95

tip Listening and Speaking Central Press/Getty Images

Ative seu 1 Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.?
conhecimento
prévio sobre An American civil rights campaigner.
o tema do A South African human rights activist.
texto oral para
favorecer o 2 What else do you know about him?
estabelecimen-
to de hipóteses 3 Listen to part of the “I have a dream”
sobre o que
será ouvido. 9 speech delivered by Martin Luther
King, Jr. on 28th August, 1963. What is
the speech about?

9 4 Listen to the recording again and mark the items that Martin Luther King, Jr.

mentions in his speech.

One day black and white people will be able to sit down together at the
table of brotherhood.

One day little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little
white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

One day the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis of freedom
and justice.

One day his four little children will live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

9 5 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercise 4.

6 Which adjectives can best describe the ”I have a dream“ speech?

Violent. Hopeful. Emotional.

7 What do you think of the speech? In your opinion, has his dream come true?

Why (not)?

 Think about it! Michele Paccione/Shutterstock/Glow Images
O Dia de Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK Day) é
um feriado nacional nos Estados Unidos em
homenagem a Martin Luther King, Jr., sendo
celebrado na terceira segunda-feira do mês
de janeiro desde 1983. Trata-se de um dos
três feriados nacionais dos Estados Unidos em
comemoração a uma pessoa. Quais feriados,
no Brasil, são em homenagem a líderes de
destaque na nossa história? Quando eles são
celebrados e quem foram essas pessoas?

96 Unit 5

8 In pairs, talk about famous civil rights activists as in the example below.

Use the information in the boxes to help you. You can also talk about other
people who have fought for equality. Take turns.

Margarida Neide/Agência A Tarde/Futura Press Abdias do Nascimento (1914-2011, São Paulo, Brazil)

• Afro-Brazilian scholar, artist, politician and leader in
Brazil’s black movement;

• nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004;
• best known for supporting legislation to address

racial problems.

Malala Yousafzai (1997-, Mingora, Pakistan) Paul Ellis/Agência France-Presse

• women’s rights and children’s rights activist;

• nominated for the for the Nobel Peace Prize in
2013 and 2014;

• famous for being the youngest person to receive
the Nobel Peace Prize and defending the
importance of education.

William Philpott/Getty Images Rosa Parks (1913-2005, Alabama, U.S.)

• African-American civil rights activist and “mother
of the freedom movement”;

• international icon of resistance to racial
segregation;

• best known for the Montgomery Bus Boycott
(a protest campaign against the policy of racial
segregation on the buses of Montgomery, Alabama).

Student A: Do you know Abdias do Nascimento?
Student B: Not really. Who was he?
Student A: He was an Afro-Brazilian leader in BrazilÕs black movement.
Student B: Where was he from?
Student A: S‹o Paulo.
Student B: What was he famous for?

Looking to the Past 97

Writing

In this unit you have read lists of questions and answers on pages 92 and
94. These texts are often referred to as Q&A (questions and answers) or FAQ
(frequently asked questions). They help us organize information and make it
easier for the reader to locate the pieces of information he/she is looking for.
Notice that frequently asked questions are usually found in websites and are
generally aimed at anticipating answers to the users’ frequent doubts.

1 In small groups (of three or four), write some frequently asked questions

(FAQ) about a person who was/is very important to our history. You can write
about a symbol of global peacemaking, a famous leader, artist, writer etc.

Writing Context

Before writing your text, complete the gaps below to identify the
elements of the writing context.

tip a. Writer: you and your classmates

Ao revisar b. Readers: classmates and other people
os textos,
considere, c. Genre:
por exemplo:
d. Objective: learn more about
• objetivo: As
informa•›es e. Style: tone
est‹o
adequadas ao f. Media: school board / Internet
objetivo do
texto? Step by Step

• linguagem: 1. With your classmates, choose a person to write about.
As perguntas 2. Brainstorm questions about this person. Try to include where and when the person
e respostas
est‹o was born, why he/she was famous, information about his/her occupation and family.
redigidas de
maneira clara 3. Do research to gather information to answer the questions. Look for reliable
e objetiva?
sources. Remember to check all the information you get.
• conteœdo: As
informa•›es 4. Write a first draft of the answers. Start with the easiest questions. Be brief and clear.
foram 5. Arrange questions and answers so that the questions are visually separated
verificadas
e est‹o from the answers and easily found. You can use bold, italics and/or a different
corretas? color to write the questions.

• leiaute: A 6. Exchange frequently asked questions (FAQ) with another group and discuss
organiza•‹o
visual facilita both texts.
a r‡pida
compreen- 7. Make the necessary corrections.
s‹o das 8. Create the final version of the FAQ by hand or use a computer to design it.
informa•›es?
2 It’s time to share your FAQ with your classmates and other people. The texts
Reescreva seu
texto com base can be published, for example, on the Internet (blog, school website etc.) or
na revis‹o feita in the school newspaper.
por voc• e seus
colegas.

98 Unit 5