k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I
D-¶-Xk-a-n-X-n D-¶-Xk-a-n-X-n-b-p-s-S
h-mÀ-¯-m-]-{-X-n-I
tIcfkÀ¡mÀ e-¡w- 1 hm-fyw- 1 HIvtSm-_À 2020
k-X-y-m-\-´-c s-k-a-n-\-m-d-p-IÄ
]-n-W-d-m-b-n h-n-P-b³ F.s-I._-m-e³ F-w.F.t-_-_-n i-i-n-I-p-a-mÀ t-U-m.i-n-h-v h-n-i-z-\-m-Y³
t-U-m. k-p-\-n ]-n. C-f-b-n-S-w t-U-m. a-o-\ S-n. ]-n-Å t-U-m. h-n-P-p I-r-j-vW³
{-i-o.- ]-n-W-d-m-b-n h-n-P-b³
-_-l-p.- a-p-J-y-a-{-´-n
{-i-o. F. s-I. _-m-e³
_-l-p.]-«-n-I-P-m-X-n- ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤-, ]-n-¶-m-¡ k-a-p-Z-m-b t-£-a-,
\-n-b-a-, k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I ]-mÀ-e-s-aâ-d-n h-I-p-¸-p a-{-´-n,
s-N-bÀ-a-m³-, k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I D-¶-Xk-a-n-X-n
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I-t-I-c-f-w
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I D-¶-Xk-a-n-X-n-b-p-s-S h-mÀ-¯-m-]-{-X-n-I
F-U-n-t-ä-m-d-n-b t-_-mÀ-U-v
FUnäÀ: tUm. {]`mIc³ ]gÈn
k-l-m-b-n-IÄ: h-n i-i-n-I-p-a-mÀ, t-K-m-]-I-p-a-mÀ F-k-v, s-I.s-P. h-n-t-\-m-Z-v, Z-o-]-m-d-m-W-n
I-h-À- -s]bn-ânw-Kv: Growing Elephant II; Sumesh Kamballur
]p-kvX-I- cq-]o-I-c-Ww: tKmUvs{^bvkv {Km^nIvkv
A¨Sn: Hmd©v {]ntâgvkv ss{]häv enanäUv, Xncph\´]pcw
k-z-I-m-c-y h-n-X-c-W-¯-n-\-p a-m-{-X-w
t-e-J-I-c-p-s-S A-`-n-{-]-m-b-§Ä A-h-c-p-t-S-X-p a-m-{-X-a-m-W-v.
k-m-t-¦-X-n-I ]-Z-_-l-p-e-a-m-b `-m-j h-n-hÀ-¯-\-t-¯-b-p-w F-U-n-ä-n-w-K-n-t-\-b-p-w _-m-[-n-¡-m³ k-m-²-y-X-b-p-ï-v.
D-Å-S-¡k‑w-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I D-∂-Xk-a-n-X-n
11
21 k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-s‑¯ ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n h‑n-P-b³
K‑m-Ô‑n 16
t‑U‑m. i‑n-h‑v h‑n-i‑z-\‑m-Y³
31d-m-W-n t-P-mÀ-P-v IAS- t-U-m. {-]-`-m-I-c³ ]-g-È-n cS-à-n.BÀk-k.k-m‑m-w-Z-k-£-m-i-vI-n-h-m‑y-c‑w³-n-I:\h-m-b‑y-XÀ- ‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-b
s-k-{-I-«-d-n-, s-k-{-I-«-d-n H-c‑phk-I-p‑m-¸‑w-p-kU-‑v-bI-d‑m-Î-cÀ‑n-I- ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n
k-m-w-k-vI-m-c-n-I h-I-p-¸-v F s‑II_¬‑m-h-e-o-\³À
s-sK-h-‑km-Ô-v s-N‑n-b-PÀ‑n-bt-]‑p-g-s-vk‑S³
k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-h‑p‑w 51
t‑U‑m. k‑p-\‑n ]‑n. C-f-b‑n-S‑w
54 k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c‑w:
I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´A-t-c-i-X-m-I:³]N‑n-d-c-I-p-h-n‑nÂ-t‑e- {‑]-k-à-a‑m-b h‑n-j-b‑w
¡‑p-Å I‑z‑m@w I‑p-X‑n-¸‑v
c-R-vP-n F]-W‑w.-n-¡FÀ.t‑_-_‑n
i-i‑n-I‑p-a‑mÀ 43
61 K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p‑w
IÀ-j-Ia‑mÀ-¨‑p‑w
t‑U‑m. a‑o-\ S‑n. ]‑n-Å
c-m-tk-P-j-a-v ‑qI-l-p-a-maÀ‑mk-²nw‑yK-av -hIAS‑p- ‑w t-U-m.s-I.]-n.t-a-m-l-\³ F³.c-m-[-m-I-r-j-vW³ \-m-bÀ
A-U-{-]ton-j³‑UW-k‑m-nÂ-¸. hÂ- N‑no-Ps-^-k‑vps-{Ik-I-«{‑rI-d-j-n--«-d‑v-Wn- ³ -s-k-{-I-«-d-n t-I-c-f -s-k-{-I-«-d-n t-I-c-f k-w-K-o-X
k-m-l-n-X-y A-¡-m-Z-a-n \-m-S-I A-¡-m-Z-a-n
69 t‑k‑m-j‑y a‑o-U‑n-b-b‑p‑w
[-\-I-m-c-yh-I-p-¸-v
\‑n-j‑v-{‑I‑n-b-X‑z-h‑p‑w
03 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I -t‑I-c-f‑w: a‑n-k‑v-c‑n-b s‑j-b‑v-J‑v A-e‑n
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X-k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S 78 h‑y‑m-P-h‑mÀ-¯: {‑]-i‑v-\-¯‑n-s‑â
h‑mÀ-¯‑m-]-{‑X‑n-I
k‑n-²‑m-´-h-X‑v-I-c-W‑w
t‑U‑m. {‑]-`‑m-I-c³ ]-g-È‑n
A-Z‑n-X‑n
07 ]-n.h-n._-m-e³ I-o-t-¨-c-n c-m-L-h³
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c s‑k-a-s-k‑n-\-{-I‑m-d-«‑p-d--In t-IÄ-c-f 85-s-k-{k-I-«‑m-d-tn t‑¦-I-c-X-f‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S `-c-W‑w
]-{‑X‑m-[‑n-]-k-a‑n-X‑ne-f-n-X-I-e-m A-¡-m-Z-a-n t-^-m-I-v te-e‑n-m-tÀ‑bA‑m¬-¡-m-Zs-a-n‑a‑m-s‑s‑d-\-k‑v
2 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D¶X kanXn Hm^okv {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ A\-´-hn-emkw sIm«mcw
k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w:
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I
D-¶-X-k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S
h‑mÀ-¯‑m-]-{‑X‑n-I
t‑U‑m. {‑]-`‑m-I-c³ ]-g-È‑n
F-U‑n-äÀ,
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w
kmw- k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y-¯‑n k‑w-k‑v-
I‑m-c-t‑I-c-f‑w ]‑p-\:{‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å B-t‑e‑m-N-\
\-S-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ^-e-h-¯‑m-b‑n-Ã. F-¶‑m k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S
B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y-¯‑n H-c‑p _‑p-Å-ä‑n³ ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑m-\‑p-Å
X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑w \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I-t‑I-c-f‑w
F-¶‑v C-X‑n-\‑v t‑]-c‑p \-e‑v-I‑p-¶‑p.
1996 Â A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b C-S-X‑p-]-£ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑â
I‑m-e-¯‑v S‑n.s‑I.c‑m-a-I‑r-j‑v-W³ k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑p
a-{‑´‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I \-b-¯‑n-s‑â
I-c-S‑p X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X-h-k‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-c-f-
¯‑n-s‑e k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\-§-s‑f G-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-
\‑p-Å H-c‑p k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\‑w A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-
¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W.‑v X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p h-¶ kÀ-¡‑mÀ C‑u B-h-i‑y‑w
a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c-W h-I‑p-¸‑n-s‑\
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I U-b-d-Î-t‑d-ä‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B kÀ-
¡‑m-c‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑p h-¶ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑p-I-f‑p‑w U-b-d-Î-t‑d-ä‑n-s‑\
G-t‑I‑m-]-\-¨‑p-a-X-e G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑n-Ã.
_‑y‑q-t‑d‑m-{‑I-k‑n-¡‑p-]-c‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y c‑o-X‑n-b‑n k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-
c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\-§-s‑f G-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n H-c‑p k‑w-
h‑n-[‑m-\‑w t‑h-W-s‑a-¶ ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n h‑n-P-b³ t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-
I‑p-¶ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑â {‑]-t‑X‑y-I X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-{‑]-I‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v 2017
s‑e k‑w-Ø‑m-\-_-P-ä‑n H-c‑p A-s‑¸-I-‑vk‑v t‑_‑m-U‑n t‑^‑mÀ
4 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
IÄ-¨À X‑p-S-§‑p-s‑a-¶‑p {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X.‑v \‑n-c-h-[‑n X-S-Ê-
§-s‑f A-X‑n-P‑o-h‑n-¨‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n
A-Y-h‑m Apex Council for Culture F-¶ Ø‑m-]-\‑w 2018
s‑^-{‑_-h-c‑n-b‑n K-h. D-¯-c-h‑p h-g‑n c‑q-]‑o-I‑r-X-a‑m-I‑p-¶-
X.‑v k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑p-a-{‑´‑n {‑i‑o F.s‑I._‑m-e³
s‑N-bÀ-a‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑p s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n {‑i‑o-a-X‑n
d‑m-W‑n t‑P‑mÀ-P‑v s‑s‑h-k‑v s‑N-bÀ-t‑]-g‑v-k-\‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m
-c‑n-I {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p‑w k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-I‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b t‑U‑m.
{‑]-`‑m-I-c³ ]-g-È‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-b‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑p
U-b-d-ÎÀ {‑i‑o.S‑n.BÀ.k-Z‑m-i‑n-h³ \‑m-bÀ I¬-h‑o-\-d‑p-
a‑m-b k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-
K‑n-I‑m‑w-K-§-f‑m-b‑n \‑m-a-\‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«-X‑v I-Y‑m-I‑r-
¯‑p‑w a‑p³ ]‑n.F-k.‑v k‑n A‑w-K-h‑p-a‑m-b {‑i‑o A-t‑i‑m-I³
N-c‑p-h‑n-e‑p‑w X‑n-c-¡-Y‑m-I‑r-¯‑p‑w \-S-\‑p‑w k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-b-I-\‑p-
a‑m-b {‑i‑o.c-R‑v-P‑n ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-a‑m-W.‑v t‑I-c-f k‑m-l‑n-X‑y
A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n t‑U‑m.s‑I.]‑n.t‑a‑m-l-\³‑, t‑I-c-f
k‑w-K‑o-X \‑m-S-I A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n {‑i‑o.F³.c‑m-
[‑m-I‑r-j‑v-W³ \‑m-bÀ‑, t‑I-c-f e-f‑n-X-I-e‑m A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n
s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n {‑i‑o.]‑n.h‑n._‑m-e³‑, t‑I-c-f t‑^‑m-I‑v t‑e‑mÀ
A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n {‑i‑o.I‑o-t‑¨-c‑n c‑m-L-h³ F-¶‑n-
hÀ A‑w-K-§-f‑m-W.‑v C-hÀ-¡‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a [-\-I‑m-c‑y h-I‑p-
¸‑p s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-b‑p‑w k-a‑n-X‑n A‑w-K-a‑m-W.‑v 2018 P‑q-s‑s‑e
a‑m-k-¯‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-s‑b \‑n-b-a‑n-¨-X‑p a‑p-X-e‑v-¡‑m-W‑v
k-a‑n-X‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-]-Y-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-¶-X.‑v s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n
t‑P‑m-b‑n³ s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-s‑\-¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑v A-\‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-K‑n-I‑m‑w-
K-§-s‑f \‑n-b-a‑n-¨‑p-¯-c-h‑m-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑v c-ï‑p hÀ-
j-‑¯ne-[nIa‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w _‑m-e‑m-c‑n-ã-X-IÄ C-\‑n-b‑p‑w
a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑k-
{‑I-«-d‑n-t‑b-ä‑v B-b‑n k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I U-b-d-I-ä-t‑d-ä‑m-W‑v
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 5
{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v F-¶ \‑n-_-Ô-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v, k-a‑n-X‑n c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-
«-X.‑v H-c‑p hÀ-j-t‑¯‑m-f‑w U-b-d-I‑v-ä-t‑d-ä‑n-s‑e H-c‑p I‑p-S‑p-Ê‑p a‑p-d‑n-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑,
H‑m-^‑o-k‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X.‑v U-b-d-I‑v-ä-t‑d-ä‑n-s‑e H-¶‑p c-ï‑p-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑p-s‑S
h-f-s‑c-s‑¨-d‑n-b A-f-h‑n-e‑p-Å t‑k-h-\ k‑u-I-c‑y-a‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑m-W‑v, H‑m-^‑o-k‑v
\-S-¯‑n-b-X.‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v c-ï‑v Z‑n-h-k-t‑h-X-\-¡‑m-s‑c \‑n-b-a‑n-¡‑m³ A-\‑p-a-X‑n-b‑m-
b‑n. h‑m-l-\ k‑u-I-c‑y‑w e-`‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X-S-Ê-§-t‑f-s‑d-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
2017þ18 s‑e _-P-ä‑n A-¼-X‑p e-£‑w c‑q-]-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I
D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑m-b‑n a‑m-ä‑n h-¨-X.‑v 18þ19 Â A-X‑p X-s‑¶ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. {‑]-hÀ-
¯-\‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b 19þ20 B-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w A-X‑v 48 e-£-a‑m-b‑n I‑p-d-ª‑p.
2020þ21 Â t‑I-h-e‑w a‑p-¸-¯-©‑p e-£‑w c‑q-] a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v \‑o-¡‑n-h-¨‑n-«‑p-Å-X.‑v
H‑m-^‑o-k‑v h‑m-S-I‑, t‑h-X-\‑w‑, b‑m-{‑X‑m-s‑¨-e-h‑v, t‑Ì-j-\-d‑n F-¶‑n-h-b‑v-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w
B X‑p-I ]-c‑y‑m-]‑v-X-a‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑p {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I \-b‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑m-\‑p-Å \-S-]-S‑n-IÄ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I‑, B-hÀ-
¯-\ A-\‑m-hÀ-¯-\ {‑K‑mâ‑p-IÄ \-e‑v-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å a‑m-\-Z-Þ‑w c‑q-]‑o-I-
c‑n-¡‑p-I X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-b‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-[‑m-\
{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-t‑a-J-e. C-h X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n A-X‑n-\‑p-Å k-_‑v I-½-ä‑n-IÄ ]-e
X-h-W NÀ-¨ \-S-¯‑n C‑u \-S-]-S‑n-IÄ G-s‑d-¡‑p-s‑d ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-¡-g‑n-
ª‑p. k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b s‑s‑_-t‑e‑m-b‑p‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\-§-s‑f G-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶
_‑r-l-¯‑m-b N‑p-a-X-e {‑]‑m-hÀ-¯‑n-I-a‑m-¡‑m³ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ k‑u-I-c‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S
A-`‑m-h-h‑p‑w N‑n-e t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p-Å \‑n-Ê-l-I-c-W-h‑p‑w X-S-Ê-a‑m-b‑n.
6 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
C-X‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a a-l‑m-ß‑m K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S F-g‑p-]-X‑m‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z
h‑mÀ-j‑n-I-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v h‑n-h‑n-[ t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑n N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b s‑N-e-
h‑n A-X‑n-h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑p‑w
I-a-\‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w t‑k‑m-h-\‑oÀ X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑p‑w k-a‑n-
X‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑m-W.‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑p h-¨‑v ‑'k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
I‑m-e-s‑¯ \-h a‑m-²‑y-a-h‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑p‑w‑' F-¶ h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w t‑k‑m-h-\‑o-d‑n-s‑â {‑]-I‑m-i-\-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v X‑n-
c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c-¯‑v ‑'K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c b‑p-K-¯‑nÂ‑' F-¶ h‑n-
j-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v H h‑n h‑n-P-b³ k‑v-a‑m-c-I k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n
t‑b‑m-P‑n-¨‑v ‑'t‑Z-i‑y ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑p‑w t‑\‑m-h-e‑p‑w‑' F-¶ h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w
t‑Z-i‑o-b-s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-IÄ \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b‑n. C‑u s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-
I-f‑n A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-« N‑n-e {‑]-_-Ô-§-f‑n-s‑e {‑]-k-à-`‑m-K-§Ä
I‑q-S‑n DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v k‑z-I‑m-c‑y h‑n-X-c-W-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑p-Å
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I-t‑I-c-f‑w F-¶ h‑mÀ-¯‑m-]-{‑X‑n-I ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑p-Å ]-²-X‑n h‑n-l‑n-X‑w I‑p-d-ª
k‑m-l-N-c‑y-¯‑n s‑s‑Z-\‑w-Z‑n-\ s‑N-e-h‑p-IÄ I-g‑n-ª‑v s‑k-a‑n-\‑mÀ‑,
_‑p-Å-ä‑n³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-s‑¡ h-I-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑m³ ^-ï‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-
t‑a‑m F-¶-d‑n-b‑n-Ã.
G-s‑d I‑m-e-s‑¯ I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w X‑n-c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c‑w I‑n-g-t‑¡
t‑I‑m-«-b‑n-e‑p-Å A-\-´ h‑n-e‑m-k‑w ]‑m-e-k‑n k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X
k-a‑n-X‑n-¡‑v k-a‑p-N‑n-X-a‑m-b H‑m-^‑o-k‑v k-Ö-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v
H-¸‑w U-b-d-Î-t‑d-ä‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑b‑m-P‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p s‑k-a‑n-\‑mÀ l‑m-f‑p‑w H-c‑p-
¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-IÄ
k -X‑y‑m-\-´-c‑w F-¶ ]-Z‑w t‑e‑m-I-c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-
l‑n-I k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I a-Þ-e-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-
S-§‑n-b‑n-«‑v G-X‑m-\‑p‑w hÀ-j-§-f‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ
A-s‑X‑m-c‑p NÀ-¨‑m-h‑n-j-b-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e-¯‑p a‑m-
{‑X-a‑m-W.‑v {‑]-i-k‑v-X h‑mÀ-¯‑m a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑n h-¶ N‑n-e
t‑e-J-\-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w N‑n-e c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b k‑m‑w-k‑v-
I‑m-c‑n-I \‑m-b-I-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w C‑u
]-Z‑w t‑I-c-f‑o-b-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑Z-\‑w-Z‑n-\ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w I-S-
¶‑p h-¶‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v \‑m‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
A-X‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ a-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑m-W‑v a-e-b‑m-f‑n-I-f‑nÂ
`‑q-c‑n-`‑m-K-h‑p‑w. t‑a‑m-t‑U-W‑n-k-h‑p‑w t‑]‑m-Ì‑v t‑a‑m-t‑U-W‑n-k-h‑p-
s‑a‑m-s‑¡ C-t‑X c‑o-X‑n-b‑n A-h-K-W‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-
L-«-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X‑w A-h-s‑b b-Y‑m-Ø‑m-
\-§-f‑n {‑]-X‑n-jT‑v ‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑n-i-I-e-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯ I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨-b‑n-s‑e \‑m-g‑n-
I-¡-Ã‑p-I-f‑n N‑n-e-X‑m-W‑v C-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ F-¶‑p \-a‑p-¡-d‑n-
b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑m‑w.
k-X‑y-h‑p‑w A-k-X‑y-h‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-h‑p‑w k‑w-
L-«-\-h‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w C-¶-s‑e-b‑p‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X-Ã. k-X‑y-[À-
½‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑w-c-£-W-a‑m-W‑v `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\ Z‑u-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n I-ï‑p-h-¶‑n-
8 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
c‑p-¶-X.‑v C‑u k‑w-LÀ-j-¯‑n k-X‑y‑w t‑aÂ-s‑s‑¡ t‑\-
S‑n-b A-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-W‑v k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e‑w h-s‑c N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p-
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X.‑v
F-¶‑m C‑u-b-S‑p-¯ I‑m-e-¯‑v {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[-t‑i-j‑n
\-ã-s‑¸-«‑v k-X‑y‑w A-S‑n-b-d-h‑p ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-k-X‑y‑w
h‑n-P-b‑m-t‑L‑m-j‑w \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v
\-a‑p-¡‑p N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-Å-X.‑v C‑u k-µÀ-`-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k-‑v
I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-]-
{‑K-Y‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n c‑w-K-¯‑p-h-¶-X.‑v
`‑m-c-X‑o-bÀ a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, t‑e‑m-I-a‑m-k-I-e-a‑p-Å a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-
t‑\-l‑n-I-f‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\ t‑{‑]-a‑n-I-f‑p‑w B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
B-c‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ t‑\-X‑m-h‑m-W‑v a-l‑m-ß‑m-
K‑m-Ô‑n. a-l‑m-ß‑m-¡-s‑f k‑z-t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w H-c‑p
t‑]‑m-s‑e B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-]‑qÀ-h-a‑m-W.‑v t‑k‑m-h‑n-b-ä‑v
b‑q-W‑n-b-s‑â ]-X-\-h‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-hÂ-I‑r-X \-h-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-
¯-¯‑n-s‑â D-bÀ-¨-b‑p‑w `‑m-c-X‑o-b-c‑p-s‑S a-t‑\‑m-`‑m-h-¯‑nÂ
h-e‑n-b a‑m-ä-§Ä D-ï‑m-¡‑n. B-t‑K‑m-f-X-e-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶
h-e‑n-b a‑q-e‑y-¯-IÀ-¨-¡‑v C‑u c-ï‑p k‑w-`-h-§-f‑p‑w I‑m-
c-W-a‑m-b‑n-¯‑oÀ-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑â X‑p-SÀ-¨-s‑b-t‑¶‑m-W-a‑m-W‑v
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â A-]-N-b-h‑p‑w \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\-a‑q-e‑y-§-
t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å A-IÂ-¨-b‑p‑w. {‑]-X‑n-t‑e‑m-a c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â
h-fÀ-¨-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑y‑m-L‑m-X-a‑m-b‑n D-S-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑p.
C-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n‑, P-h-lÀ-e‑mÂ
s‑\-l‑v-d‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b A-X‑n-I‑m-b-·‑m-s‑c ]-X‑n-
h‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑v h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b N‑n-e h‑o-£-W t‑I‑m-W‑n-e‑q-s‑S
I‑m-W‑m-\‑p-Å {‑]-h-W-X-b‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n h-fÀ-¶‑p-h-¶‑p.
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-k-a-c-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n P-\-t‑I‑m-S‑n-I-s‑f P‑m-X‑n-a-X-t‑`-
Z-a-t‑\‑y A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¯‑m-\‑p‑w P-\-I‑o-b k-l-\-k-a-c-§Ä
B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v A-I-¶‑p
\‑nÂ-¡‑m-\‑p‑w e-f‑n-X-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â A-X‑y‑p-¶-X a‑m-X‑r-
I-b‑m-I‑m-\‑p‑w a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n k‑z-P‑o-h³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w
_-e‑n I-g‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-b a-l‑m-ß‑m K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b C-X-c
c‑m-{‑ã-§-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-Y‑n-I-f‑p‑w K-t‑h-j-I-c‑p‑w ]T-\-h‑n-
t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ N-c‑n-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-S‑v \‑o-X‑n ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑m-¯
H-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w C-´‑y-¡‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b A-\‑m-Z-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
A-h-t‑l-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑n-jT‑v ‑q-c-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑nsâ
{‑]-X‑n-_‑n‑w-_-s‑¯ B-{‑I-a‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-g‑v-N-
b‑m-W‑v k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e-¯‑v \‑m‑w I-ï‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v
c-à-k‑m-£‑n Z‑n-\-¯‑n X-s‑¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b {‑]-X‑o-I‑m-
ß-I-a‑m-b‑n s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨‑v h‑o-g‑v-¯‑m-\‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n L‑m-X-I-
\‑m-b \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-s‑b s‑s‑Z-h-X‑p-e‑y‑w
B-c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-h‑p-¶-hÀ C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑m-s‑W-¶‑v
h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-a‑m-W.‑v
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 9
C-´‑y-b‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z-i-¯‑p‑w G-ä-h‑p-a-[‑n-I‑w k-µÀ-`-§-s‑f NÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑p h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n.
NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿-s‑¸-« a-l‑m-·‑m-c‑n H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v \-h-a‑m-[‑y-a t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-
a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â _-l‑p- s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w K‑u-c-h-a‑m-b‑n N‑n-´‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w t‑Z-i‑o-b
a‑p-J-h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w A-\‑m-h-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ A-´À-t‑Z-i‑o-b X-e-§-f‑n {‑i-²‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-b
H-t‑«-s‑d {‑]-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-`‑m-j-W-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n-t‑]À A-X‑n {‑]-_-Ô-§Ä A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-
K-t‑h-j-W {‑K-Ù-§-f‑p‑w C-X‑n-\-I‑w A-h- I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. A-X‑n-s‑â X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑m-W‑v a-l‑m-ß‑m-
X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑p I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v F-¶‑m K‑m-Ô‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c b‑p-K-¯‑n F-¶ s‑k-a‑n-\‑mÀ.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n A-X‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯-X‑v t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-k‑n-²-§-f‑m-b
k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑m-W‑v c-à- ]-e kÀ-h-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-I-f‑nt‑e-b‑p‑w h‑n-k‑n-ä‑n‑w-K‑v s‑{‑]‑m-^-
k‑m-£‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-I‑m-i-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w k-d‑p‑w Z‑n l‑n-µ‑p‑, C-´‑y³ F-I-‑vk‑v-{‑]-k‑v, s‑U-¡‑m³
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n k‑w-L- t‑{‑I‑m-W‑n-¡‑nÄ‑, C-´‑y S‑p-t‑U X‑p-S-§‑n-b {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-
S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X.‑v I-g‑n-ª a‑mÀ-¨‑v A-h-k‑m-\- c-W-§-f‑n ]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n F-g‑p-X‑p-¶ k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I
h‑m-c‑w k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n h‑n-aÀ-i-I-\‑p‑w ]-Þ‑n-X-\‑p-a‑m-b s‑{‑]‑m-^-kÀ i‑n-h‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-s‑¯ \-h-a‑m-[‑y-a-h‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-\‑m-Y-\‑m-W.‑v t‑I-c-f‑o-bÀ-¡‑v G-s‑d ]-c‑n-N‑n-X-c‑m-b
P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑p‑w F-¶ h‑n-j-b-¯‑n t‑U‑m.k‑p-\‑n ]‑n C-f-b‑n-S-h‑p‑w t‑U‑m.a‑o-\ S‑n ]‑n-Åb‑p-
t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v s‑h-¨‑v \-S-¯‑n-b s‑k-a‑n- a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-ä‑p c-ï‑p-t‑]À. {‑]-_-Ô-§Ä C-h‑n-s‑S
\‑mÀ C‑u {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m-a‑q-l‑y- {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
10 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w
]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n h‑n-P-b³
t‑I-c-f‑m a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n
k -X‑y‑m-\-´-c‑w F-¶ ]-Z‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯ {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n D-s‑ï-
¦‑n-e‑p‑w 2016 \-h‑w-_-d‑n H‑m-I-‑vk‑v-t‑^‑mÀ-U‑v C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v U‑n-I‑v
j-W-d‑n A-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]-N‑m-c-a‑p-Å h‑m-¡‑m-b‑n
I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¯-t‑X‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-\‑v k‑mÀ-Æ-t‑Z-i‑o-b {‑]‑m-[‑m-
\‑y‑w s‑s‑I-h-c‑p-¶-X.‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-X-IÄ-¡‑p‑w b‑p-à‑n-¡‑p‑w b‑m-
Y‑mÀ-°‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-a-¸‑p-d‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§Ä-¡‑p‑w h‑n-I‑m-c‑m-t‑h-i-
¯‑n-\‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-X‑nhXIv c-W-¯‑n-\‑p‑w {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \Â-I‑p-¶
H-c‑p c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c b‑p-K-¯‑n-\‑p-Å-X.‑v b‑p-à‑n-N‑n-
´-b‑n-e‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑n-jT‑v ‑n-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p
P-\-X-s‑b h‑mÀ-s‑¯-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-]-I-c‑w a‑n-¯‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w
]‑p-c‑m-W-I-Y-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X ]-c‑n-t‑h-j‑w \Â-I‑n {‑]-N-c‑n-
¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-t‑_‑m-[-s‑¯t¸‑m-e‑p‑w
h‑n-I-e-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c k-a‑q-l‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-L-S-I-§Ä I‑q-S‑p-XÂ
{‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-¶-X‑n-\‑m k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-
a‑m-W‑v {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b-X.‑v X‑o-{‑h h-e-X‑p-]-£ c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â
]‑p-X‑n-b a‑p-J-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w A-\‑m-h-c-W‑w
s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v b‑p-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-
{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I h‑y-h-Ø-
I-s‑f-b‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶ I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v
{‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w C-S-X‑p-]-£-s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-¨-aÀ-¯‑p-I
F-¶-X‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-[‑m-\ e-£‑y-a‑m-W.‑v
12 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-c‑p-IÄ A-t‑U‑mÄ- N-\-b‑m-b‑n I‑m-W-W‑w. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w F-¶-
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a‑m-b‑n A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p‑w F-¶ K‑o-_Â-k‑n-b³ X‑n-b-d‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-\‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã s‑I-
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s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ X-¯‑z-a‑m-W.‑v \‑mÂ-]-X‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e X‑p-a‑m-W.‑v F-¶‑m h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w A-X-t‑Ã
IÀ-j-I {‑]-t‑£‑m-`-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n t‑I-c-f-¯‑n- F-Ã‑m‑w F-¶ [‑m-c-W k-a‑q-l-¯‑n h-fÀ-
s‑e t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\-h‑p‑w C‑u a‑m-X‑r-I k‑z‑o-I-c‑n- ¯‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b
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s‑]-c‑ps‑h-Å-¸‑m-¨‑n-e‑m-W‑v hÀ-K‑o-b k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p-s‑S
`‑m-K-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑p-ï‑m-I‑m-d‑p-Å-X.‑v I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S \-S-¶‑p I-b-d‑n-b-X.‑v I-g‑n-ª
A-©‑p hÀ-j-s‑¯ t‑I-{‑µ `-c-W-h‑p‑w A-X‑v
A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n d‑n-¸-»‑n-¡³ ]‑mÀ-«‑n Ø‑m-\‑mÀ-°‑n-b‑m-b I-g‑n-ª‑p-Å c-ï‑m-a‑q-g-h‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
s‑U‑m-W‑mÄ-U‑v {‑S‑w-]‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-W‑v k‑m-[‑y-X-IÄ ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n
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NÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-b-X.‑v C-É‑m-a‑n-I‑v t‑Ì-ä‑v F-¶ `‑o-I-c ]-d-ª \‑y‑m-b‑w I-Å-¸-W‑w C-Ã‑m-X‑m-
k‑w-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S Ø‑m-]-I³ A-¶-s‑¯ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ ¡‑m-\‑p‑w I-Å-t‑\‑m-«‑v X-S-b‑m-\‑p-a‑m-s‑W-
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s‑U-t‑a‑m-{‑I‑m-ä‑n-I‑v Ø‑m-\‑mÀ-Y‑n-b‑m-b l‑n-e-c‑n ¢‑nâ³ b‑p-à‑n-c-l‑n-X-h‑p‑w `‑m-h-\‑m-ß-I-h‑p-a‑m-b
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X-«‑n h‑n-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v A-h-X‑m-c-I³ k‑w-i-b‑w ¯‑n-s‑â [‑m-c-W-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w N‑n-´‑m-K-X‑n-
{‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-s‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p a-S‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑m-s‑X {‑S‑w-]‑v
A-X‑p-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v H-_‑m-a-s‑b s‑I‑m-
Ã‑m³ \-S-¡‑p-¶-h-c-t‑Ã s‑F-F-k‑v F-¶ A-h-X‑m-c-I-
s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y-s‑¯ A-h-K-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v K‑o-_Â-k‑n-b³
c‑o-X‑n-b‑n X-s‑â h‑m-Z-¯‑n D-d-¨‑p \‑nÂ-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v
{‑S‑w-]‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v C-§-s‑\ k-X‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]‑p-e-_-Ô‑w
t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ I‑m-c‑y-§Ä k-X‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶ {‑]-X‑o-X‑n
P-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑m-W‑v {‑S‑w-]‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e-
¯‑n-b-X.‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c‑w F-¶ h‑m-¡‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡-s‑¸-
«‑p F-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ hÀ-j-a‑m-b 1992 X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v
C-´‑y-b‑n _‑m-_-d‑n a-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑v X-IÀ-¯-X.‑v _‑m-_-d‑n-s‑â
\‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑m-\‑p-k-c-W‑w ]-W‑n-I-g‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-
¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-e-t‑i-j‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n A-d‑n-b-
s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X a‑p-É‑n‑w B-c‑m-[-\‑m-e-b-s‑¯ a‑p-¼‑v
A-X‑v c‑m-a-P-·-`‑q-a‑nb‑m-W‑v F-¶ N-c‑n-{‑Xk‑m-[‑p-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-
¯-X‑p‑w s‑X-f‑n-b‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-¯-X‑p-a‑m-b h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n \-i‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-
¯‑n-s‑â C-´‑y-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å I-S-¶‑p-I-b-ä-¯‑n-s‑â k‑q-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 13
I-s‑f-b‑p‑w h-g‑n-a‑m-ä‑n k‑z-´‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä B-Z‑y-a‑m-Z‑y‑w h‑mÀ-¯-IÄ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-{‑X-{‑]-k-à-a‑m-b‑n
\-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v A-hÀ s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ a‑m-[‑y-a-§Ä ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑]‑m-S‑n-¸‑p‑w
I-Å-¸-W‑w k‑z-c‑q-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑v s‑N- s‑X‑m-§-e‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¯‑v h‑mÀ-¯-I-s‑f t‑Ì‑m-d‑n-IÄ B-b‑n
e-h-g‑n-¨‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-§-s‑f h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p h‑m-§‑p- c‑q-]‑m-´-c-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n. ]-X‑p-s‑¡-¸-X‑p-s‑¡
I-b‑p‑w h‑m-S-I-b‑v-¡‑v F-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]‑n-þ t‑Ì‑m-d‑n-IÄ `‑m-h-\ \‑n-d-ª ^‑m³-d-k‑n-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I
t‑]‑mÄ‑, F-I-‑vk‑n-ä‑v t‑]‑mÄ {‑]-h-N-\-§Ä S-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w H-S‑p-h‑n s‑]-c‑p‑w-\‑p-W-I-s‑f D-f‑p-¸‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X
\-S-¯‑p-¶ Ø‑m-]-\-§-s‑f h‑y‑m-P-a‑m-b‑n h‑mÀ-¯-I-f‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑m-W‑p-ï‑m-b-X.‑v
k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ _‑p-²‑n-]‑qÀ-Æ- h-c‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m³ A-d‑n-b‑m-¯ k‑m-[‑m-c-W
a‑m-b h‑y‑m-P-h‑y‑m-]‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c P-\-§-s‑f‑, I‑m-g‑v-N-¡-¸‑p-d‑w I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯-h-s‑c
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v ]-{‑X Z‑r-i‑y-a‑m-[‑y-a-§Ä k‑z‑mÀ-° X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-[‑m-\ t‑h-ï‑n h-g‑n-s‑X-ä‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v B-S‑n-s‑\
L-S-I-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑m-W‑v t‑^-¡‑v \‑y‑q-k‑v ]-«‑n-b‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w ]-«‑n-s‑b k‑n‑w-l-a‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X-§Ä-¡‑v
I-g‑n-b‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ a‑m-[‑y-a
A-Y-h‑m h‑y‑m-P-h‑mÀ-¯. 2016 Â G-ä- t‑a-e‑m-f-·‑mÀ [-c‑n-¨‑p h-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v h‑mÀ-¯-IÄ
h‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨ ]-Z‑w k-X‑y‑m- I-Y-I-f‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \‑m-b-I-\‑p‑w h‑n-Ã-\‑p‑w a-k‑m-e-b‑p‑w
\-´-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n 2017 t‑^-¡‑v s‑s‑]-¦‑n-f‑n `‑m-h-\-I-f‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑mÀ-
\‑y‑q-k‑v F-¶ ]-Z‑w P-\-{‑]‑n-b-a‑m-b‑n a‑m- ¯-I-s‑f A-k-X‑y-a‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ `‑m-j-b‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-
d‑n-b hÀ-j-a‑m-W.‑v t‑I-c-f-¯‑n G-X‑m-ï‑v ¯‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-Z-K‑v-[-\‑m-b I-e‑m-I‑m-c-·‑m-s‑c D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v
c-ï‑p ]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑p-I-f‑m-b‑n a‑m-[‑y-a-c‑w-K-¯‑v k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑o-X‑n h-c‑p-¯‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. X-§-
t‑^-¡‑v \‑y‑q-k‑v X‑m-Þ-h-a‑m-S‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n- f‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a‑m-[‑y-a a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-a‑mÀ
¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v s‑X-ä‑m-b-X‑p‑w k‑v-t‑X‑m-`-P-\- I-d‑n-t‑h-¸‑n-e t‑]‑m-s‑e C‑u kÀ-¤‑m-ß-I {‑]-X‑n-`-I-s‑f
I-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b h‑mÀ-¯-IÄ h-e‑n-s‑¨-d‑n-b‑p‑w F-¶-X‑p‑w k-X‑y-a‑m-W.‑v X‑m-c-X-t‑a‑y-\
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I-a‑m-¡‑n A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v h‑y‑m-P [‑y-a-§-f‑nÂ-t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w t‑^-¡‑v \‑y‑q-k‑v B-g-¯‑n t‑h-c‑p-
h‑mÀ-¯-b‑p-s‑S h-à‑m-¡Ä s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v t‑^-¡‑v \‑y‑q-k‑n-e‑q-s‑S k-X‑y‑m-\-
´-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-\‑v A-S‑n-¯-d-b‑m-c‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v N‑n-e
`-c-W-I‑q-S-§Ä s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v \‑m-j-W U‑n-P‑n-ä H‑m-
¸-t‑d-j³ s‑k³-dÀ F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« s‑F-S‑n s‑k³-dÀ
C-´‑y s‑\-ä‑v-hÀ-¡‑n-e‑q-s‑S K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v I-e‑m-]-§-f‑n-s‑e
{‑]-X‑n-t‑e‑m-a \‑m-b-I-\‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« \-t‑c-{‑µ-t‑a‑m-U‑n-
s‑b a-l-Z‑v-_‑n‑w-_-a‑m-b‑n A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¨ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-X-{‑´‑w \‑m‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c ]-c‑n-t‑X‑m-h-Ø-I-f‑p-s‑S _‑u-²‑n-I-a‑m-b
A-{‑I-a-s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-{‑I-a-s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-t‑X \‑m-W-b-
¯‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b-à t‑h-ï-X.‑v N‑n-e h‑n-i‑p-² \‑p-W-
I-s‑f a‑m-ä‑n-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑m k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑p-K-a-a‑m-b
]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑v [À-½-h‑p‑w h‑n-i‑p-²‑n-b‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-
h‑p‑w a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-h‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑p-¶ k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-s‑¯ D-bÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p-h-t‑¶ a-X‑n-b‑m-h‑q.
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v \-h a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯-¯‑n-s‑â \‑q-X-\ k‑r-ã‑n-
b‑m-b k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-b‑p-K-¯‑n-X‑n-s‑â k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X-I-s‑f
X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑y‑m-]‑m-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b e‑m-t‑¡‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n-
b‑p-Å A-X‑n-s‑â h‑y‑m-]-\‑w X-S-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑_‑m-[-hÂ-¡-
c-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w P-\-I‑o-b-{‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w
14 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
l-c‑nÝ-{‑µ-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ s‑]‑m-f‑n-s‑¨-g‑p-X‑p-I-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p‑w C-´‑y-¡‑m-c-\‑v b‑p-a-W‑v t‑h-ï-X.‑v
k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑o-I-a‑m-W‑v.
\‑m-\‑m-X‑z-¯‑n N‑n-X-d‑n- l-c‑nÝ-{‑µ-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p‑w C-´‑y-
¡‑n-S-¶ C-´‑y³ P-\-X-s‑b ¡‑m-c-\‑v k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑o-I-a‑m-W.‑v \‑m-\‑m-
k‑z-´‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S- X‑z-¯‑n N‑n-X-d‑n-¡‑n-S-¶ C-´‑y³ P-\-X-s‑b
b‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\ k-a-c-¯‑n- k‑z-´‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\ k-a-
e‑q-s‑S H-c‑p-a‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v c-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S H-c‑p-a‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑m-X-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-b‑n-¨‑, AÀ-²-\-K‑v-\-\‑m-b
]‑m-X-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-b‑n-¨‑, ^-¡‑oÀ F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
AÀ-²-\-K‑v-\-\‑m-b ^-¡‑oÀ D-¶-X-a‑m-b _‑n‑w-_‑w X-IÀ-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v
F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p- h‑y‑m-]‑m-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â h-à‑m-¡-f‑m-b
s‑S D-¶-X-a‑m-b _‑n‑w-_‑w k‑w-L ]-c‑n-h‑mÀ t‑e‑m-_‑n-b‑p-s‑S e-£‑y-a‑m-W.‑v
X-IÀ-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-c‑q-]-a‑m-b‑n D-bÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-
h‑y‑m-]‑m-c c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â ï‑p-h-¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n F-¶ C-t‑a-P‑n-s‑\ k-X‑y‑m-
h-à‑m-¡-f‑m-b k‑w-L]-c‑n- \-´-c a‑mÀ-K-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑p-I F-¶
h‑mÀ t‑e‑m-_‑n-b‑p-s‑S e-£‑y-a‑m-W‑v A-hÀ-¡‑p-Å-X.‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ
e-£‑y-a‑m-W‑v. D-Å-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ BÀ-F-k‑v-F-k‑n I-g‑n-ª‑p
F-¶‑v k‑z-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ X-s‑¶ k‑m-£‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-
¯‑p-¶ \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k F-¶
BÀ-F-k‑v-F-k‑p-I‑m-c³ B-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b
h-[‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶ N-c‑n-{‑X-k-X‑y‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p-]-d-
ª‑m t‑I-s‑k-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-«-b‑m-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-¿‑p-¶ I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑n-X.‑v
F-{‑X X-s‑¶ I-g‑p-I‑n-¡-f-ª‑m-e‑p‑w k‑w-L-]-
c‑n-h‑m-c-s‑¯ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w K‑m-Ô‑n
h-[‑w \½ps‑S s‑s‑I-I-f‑n ]-ä‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ G-ä-
h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b I-d X-s‑¶-b‑m-W.‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-l‑m-k-
`-s‑b X-Å‑n-¸-d-ª-X‑v s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k
BÀ-F-k‑v-F-k‑p-I‑m-c³ A-Ã F-¶‑v K‑o-_Â-
k‑n-b³ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n B-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑v ]-d-ª-
X‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m B I-d a‑m-b‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑p
s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-Ñ‑m-b
X-IÀ-¡‑p-I F-¶ a‑mÀ-¤-a‑m-W-h-c-h-e‑w_‑n-
¡‑p-¶-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-h-[‑w ]‑p-\-c-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å
A-h-c‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y‑w A-X‑n-\‑p-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W.‑v
A-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p A-t‑\‑z-j-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-[‑n-
I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â I‑p-´-a‑p-\-b‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-
s‑k-s‑b \‑n-c-]-c‑m-[‑nb‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w h-[‑n-¡-s‑¸-«
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-]-I‑oÀ-¯‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-
¯‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-[‑n-t‑¨-¡‑m‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b A-]-
I‑oÀ-¯‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-I‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b‑n
h‑o-ï‑p‑w h‑o-ï‑p‑w s‑h-S‑n-h-¨‑v h‑o-g‑v-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑N-¿‑p-¶-hÀ K‑m-Ô‑n L‑m-X-I-\‑v k‑v-a‑m-c-I-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 15
h‑p‑w t‑£-{‑X-h‑p‑w ]-W‑n-b‑p-¶ X‑n-c-¡‑n-« H-c‑p s‑k-a‑n-\‑mÀ \-S-¯‑m-\‑p‑w k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W.‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑v A-`‑n-\-µ-\‑mÀ-l-a‑m-W.‑v t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e
kÀ-¡‑mÀ /kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n X-c k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑v t‑\-s‑c t‑K‑m-U‑v-t‑k hÀ-j‑n-¨ §-s‑f G-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p-a‑m-b‑n k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e-
s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-ï-IÄ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v a-t‑X-X-c- ¯‑v h-I‑p-¸‑n-\‑p I‑o-g‑n c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨ k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I
h‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-h‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p‑w b‑p-à‑n- D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n A-Y-h‑m A-¸-I-‑vk‑v I‑u¬-k‑n t‑^‑mÀ
h‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\-h‑m- IÄ-¨À F-¶ Ø‑m-]-\-a‑m-W‑v B-IÀ-j-I-a‑m-b c‑o-
Z‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b \-t‑c-{‑µ [‑m-t‑_‑mÂ-¡À‑, F‑w X‑n-b‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w F-¶ t‑]-c‑n k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I
F‑w I-e-_‑pÀ-K‑n‑, t‑K‑m-h‑n-µ‑v ]³-k‑m-s‑c‑, X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b-X.‑v {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b t‑e-J-\-§-f‑p‑w N‑n-{‑X-
K‑u-c‑n e-t‑¦-j‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hÀ-¡‑v t‑\-s‑c- §-f‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v c‑q-]-`‑w-K‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b
b‑p‑w D-X‑nÀ-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v kXy- ‑'c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w‑' k‑p-h-\‑oÀ C-X-c k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I-I-f‑nÂ
¯n\p t‑\-s‑c-b‑p-Å C‑u s‑h-S‑n-b‑p-ï-I-s‑f \‑n-¶‑v t‑hÀ-X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶p-ï.‑v
k-X‑y‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w [À-½‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w i‑m-
k‑v-{‑X-t‑_‑m-[‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w _‑p-²‑n-s‑I‑m-ï‑p- k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä
a‑m-W‑v \‑m‑w {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-t‑¡-ï-X.‑v C-X‑nâ h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p _‑p-Å-ä‑n³ k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I-t‑I-c-
`‑m-K-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v C-¯-c‑w s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p-IÄ-¡‑v f‑w F-¶ t‑]-c‑n ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑m-\‑p-Å Z‑u-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑v
c‑q-]‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c-W-§Ä F-Ã‑m B-i‑w-k-I-f‑p‑w AÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w.
I-g‑n-ª-hÀ-j‑w t‑I-c-f kÀ-¡‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-
P‑n-b‑p-s‑S F-g‑p-]-X‑m‑w c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z h‑mÀ-
j‑n-I‑w H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w \‑o-ï‑p \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶
h‑n-h‑n-[ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S B-N-c‑n-¡‑m³
X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-
s‑S {‑]]‑u-{‑X³ {‑i‑o X‑p-j‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¸‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v 2018 P-\‑p-h-c‑n 30
s‑â c-àk‑m-£‑nZ‑n-\-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v
c-à-k‑m-£‑r‑w F-¶ t‑]-c‑n t‑I-c-f b‑q-
W‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n s‑k-\-ä‑v l‑m-f‑n A-X‑n-s‑â
D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v \‑n-§Ä H‑mÀ-
¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-h‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w
h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n B-N-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-
¨‑p F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-{‑]-X‑o-£‑n-X-a‑m-b‑p-ï‑m-b
{‑]-f-b-Z‑p-c-´‑w I‑m-c-W‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n
G-s‑d _-Ô-a‑p-Å ]-¿-¶‑qÀ‑, ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v
i-_-c‑n B-{‑i-a‑w‑, s‑s‑h-¡‑w‑, s‑h-§‑m-\‑qÀ‑,
X-h-\‑qÀ F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n k‑v-X‑p-
X‑yÀ-l-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w
k‑v-a‑m-c-I‑w F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n i-_-c‑n B-{‑i-
a-¯‑n A-©‑p t‑I‑m-S‑n c‑q-] s‑N-e-h‑nÂ
H-c‑p a-µ‑n-c‑w ]-W‑n-b‑m-\‑p‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-
«‑p-ï.‑v
C‑u N-c‑n-{‑X-k-µÀ-`-s‑¯ t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-
\‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-k‑v-a-c-W ]‑p-X‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n
c-à-k‑m-£‑y‑w:
hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp
kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-]mSn
F.s‑I. _‑m-e³
a- l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â F-g‑p-]-X‑m‑w
h‑mÀ-j‑n-I‑w H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w \‑o-ï‑p-\n-e¡v p-¶- ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-
s‑S B-N-c‑n-¡‑m³ kÀ-¡‑mÀ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n.
k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑n-s‑â B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y-¯‑n h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-
k‑w‑, X-t‑±-i-k‑z-b‑w-`-c-W‑w‑, ]‑p-c‑m-t‑c-J-þ-]‑p-c‑m-h-k‑v-X‑p h-I‑p-
¸‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S k-l-I-c-W-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ k‑w-
L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X.‑v ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-Ø‑m-\-X-e D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w
2018 P-\‑p-h-c‑n 30 \‑v X‑n-c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c‑w s‑k-\-ä‑v l‑m-f‑nÂ
a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n-b‑m-W‑v D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
{‑]-]‑u-{‑X³ X‑p-j‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w A-¶-s‑¯ N-S-§‑nÂ
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-µÀ-i-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n C-S‑w
]‑n-S‑n-¨ ]-¿-¶‑qÀ‑, ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v i-_-c‑n B-{‑i-a‑w‑, s‑s‑h-¡‑w‑,
s‑h-§‑m-\‑qÀ‑, X-h-\‑qÀ F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-
b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X.‑v
P-\-{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-I-f‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p-s‑S
t‑a-[‑m-h‑n-I-f‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I \‑m-b-I-c‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b-·‑m-
c‑p‑w H-s‑¡ A-S-§‑n-b H-c‑p t‑I‑mÀ I-½‑n-ä‑n-b‑m-W‑v {‑]-hÀ-
¯-\-§Ä-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \Â-I‑n-b-X.‑v A-t‑§-b-ä‑w
P-\-I‑o-b-h‑p‑w I-£‑n-c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b t‑`-Z-a-t‑\‑y k‑w-Ø‑m-\-s‑¯
a‑p-g‑p-h³ P-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p-a‑m-W‑v C‑u ]-c‑n-
]‑m-S‑n k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X.‑v A-©‑v t‑I‑m-S‑n c‑q-]-b‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 17
]‑m-S‑n-¡‑m-b‑n h-I-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-b-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w X‑o-X-a‑m-b a‑m-\-h‑n-I-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
A-{‑X-b‑p‑w X‑p-I t‑h-ï‑n-h-¶‑n-Ã. k-l‑n-j‑v-W‑p-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n P-\-§Ä-s‑¡‑m-¸‑w \‑n-e-
s‑I‑m-ï a-l‑m-ß‑m-h‑m-b-Ã. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-t‑a‑m
C-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v i-_-c‑n k-t‑µ-i-t‑a‑m A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â c-à-k‑m-£‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â
B-{‑i-a-¯‑n c-à-k‑m-£‑y k‑v-a‑m-c-I F-g‑p-]-X‑m‑w hÀ-j-¯‑n-e‑p‑w X-a-k‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v B
a-µ‑n-c‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v c-à-k‑m-£‑y- X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑m-W‑v C-¯-c‑w H-c‑p k‑w-L‑m-S-\-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m‑w-
h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v \-S-¶ {‑]-hÀ-¯- k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑n-s‑\ t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¨-X.‑v
\-§Ä t‑{‑I‑m-U‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p k‑p-h-\‑oÀ
{‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n F-´‑n-\‑m-W‑v c-à-k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-b-X-¶‑v c‑m-
k‑p-h-\‑o-d‑n-s‑â {‑]-I‑m-i-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w "K‑m- P‑y-s‑¯ ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d F-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X‑w A-d‑n-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v
Ô‑n-P‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-b‑p-K-¯‑nÂ‑' F-¶ h‑n- F-¶-X‑v \‑m-f-s‑¯ c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-h‑n-¡‑v H-g‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑m-
j-b-¯‑n s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑p‑w k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. \‑m-h‑m-¯-X‑m-W.‑v C‑u c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â s‑F-I‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
{‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n-s‑e {‑]-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w a-X-k‑u-l‑mÀ-±-¯‑n-\‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B c-à-
t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑p h-¨‑p \-S-¯‑n-b k-X‑y‑m-\- k‑m-£‑n-X‑z‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p-t‑\-s‑c \‑n-d-s‑b‑m-g‑n-¨-h-c‑p-s‑S
´-c s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n-s‑e N‑n-e {‑]-_-Ô-§- ]‑n-·‑p-d-¡‑mÀ C-¶‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑mÄ
f‑p‑w k-a‑m-l-c‑n-¨‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X `‑o-I-c-a‑m-b‑n A-g‑n-ª‑m-S‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶ k-X‑y‑w A-X‑o-h-Z‑p:J-
k-a‑n-X‑n "k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I-t‑I-c-f‑w‑' F-¶ t‑¯‑m-s‑S c‑m-P‑y‑w C-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-
_‑p-Å-ä‑n³ {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v k-a-c-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n P-\-t‑I‑m-S‑n-I-s‑f P‑m-X‑n-a-X-t‑`-Z-a-t‑\‑y
A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¯‑m-\‑p‑w k-l-\-k-a-c-§Ä B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-
\-½‑p-s‑S \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\ ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-§-s‑f ¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑m-c t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-I-¶‑p
C-I-g‑v-¯‑n-s‑¡-«‑m³ t‑_‑m-[-]‑qÀ-Æ-a‑m-b \‑nÂ-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
{‑i-a-§Ä \-S-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m- e-f‑n-X-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â A-X‑y‑p-¶-X a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-I‑m-\‑p‑w
c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I \‑m-b-I-c‑p- a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n k‑z-P‑o-h³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w _-e‑n I-g‑n-
s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-h‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b ¡‑m-\‑p‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-b a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b C-X-c c‑m-{‑ã-
X-e-a‑p-d-s‑b ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑p-Å §-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-Y‑n-I-f‑p‑w K-t‑h-j-I-c‑p‑w ]T-\-h‑n-t‑[-b-
{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯-X.‑v a‑m-\-
h‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S a-l‑m-k-t‑µ-i‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-b
t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â \-t‑h‑m-°‑m-\-\‑m-b-I³ {‑i‑o-
\‑m-c‑m-b-W-K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\ t‑I-h-e‑w H-c‑p P‑m-
X‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-à‑m-h‑m-b‑n N‑n-{‑X‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³
{‑i-a‑w \-S-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v \-a‑p-¡‑p-P‑m-X‑n-b‑n-
Ã‑m F-¶ K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶ k-t‑µ-i-
¯‑n-s‑â i-X‑m-Ð‑n k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-
¸‑v k‑w-Ø‑m-\-¯‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n
B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¨-X.‑v k‑z‑m-a‑n h‑n-t‑h-I‑m-\-µ³
]-d-ª-X‑n-s‑\-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w X‑n-c-k‑v-I-c‑n-¨‑v A-t‑±-
l-s‑¯ t‑I-h-e-s‑a‑m-c‑p l‑n-µ‑p k-¶‑y‑m-
k‑n-b‑m-b‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w N‑n-{‑X‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑w
\-S-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w t‑I-c-f‑w k-µÀ-
i‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â \‑q-ä‑n C-c‑p-]-¯-©‑m‑w h‑mÀ-
j‑n-I‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b‑n B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â N‑n-´-IÄ {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-
\‑p‑w {‑i-a‑n-¨-X.‑v
A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w C-¶‑v
H-c‑p-h‑n-`‑m-K‑w N‑n-{‑X‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v a-X‑m-
18 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑m N-c‑n-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-S‑v \‑o-X‑n ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑m-s‑X
c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ H-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b A-\‑m-Z-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
A-h-t‑l-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑n-jT‑v ‑q-c-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â
{‑]-X‑n-_‑n‑w-_-s‑¯ B-{‑I-a‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. c-à-k‑m-
£‑n Z‑n-\-¯‑n X-s‑¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b {‑]-X‑o-I‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b‑n
s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨‑v h‑o-g‑v-¯‑m-\‑p‑w L‑m-X-I-\‑m-b \‑m-Y‑p-d‑m‑w h‑n-\‑m-
b-I‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-s‑b s‑s‑Z-h-X‑p-e‑y‑w B-c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w h-s‑c
N‑n-eÀ C-¶‑v X-¿‑m-d‑m-h‑p-¶‑p.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-i-b-§Ä-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶
I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ h-e‑n-b k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-X-b‑m-W‑v
I‑m-e‑w s‑N-Ã‑p-t‑´‑m-d‑p‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v {‑]-I‑r-
X‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w C-X-c P‑o-h-P‑m-e-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w
a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑p-Å X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-h‑p‑w {‑K‑m-a‑o-W P‑o-h‑n-X-
t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å A-`‑n-\‑n-t‑h-i-h‑p‑w A-l‑n‑w-k-t‑b‑m-S‑p-Å B-Z-c-
h‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w {‑]-k-à-a‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ k‑n-²‑m-´-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w
N‑n-e I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I-S‑p‑w-]‑n-S‑p-¯-t‑¯-
b‑p‑w ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ \-a‑p-¡‑p I-g‑n-b‑n-s‑Ã-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 19
¦‑n-e‑p‑w k-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
\‑o-X‑n-¡‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n-b‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â
\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f BÀ-¡‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-
X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ
k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑m-W‑v k‑m‑w-
k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-
¨-X.‑v X‑n-I-¨‑p‑w I‑m-e‑n-I {‑]-k-à-a‑m-b
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c b‑p-K-s‑¯ B-k‑v-]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n
k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑o-I-a‑m-b K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b
A-h-t‑e‑m-I-\‑w s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-Å C‑u D-Z‑y-a‑w
A-`‑n-\-µ-\‑o-b-a‑m-W.‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v s‑h-¨‑v
k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I D-¶-X k-a‑n-X‑n ‑"k-X‑y‑m-\-
´-c b‑p-K-¯‑n-s‑e \-h-a‑m-[‑y-a-h‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-
]-X‑y-h‑p‑w‑' F-¶ h‑n-j-b-¯‑n \-S-¯‑n-b
s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n-s‑â X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-W‑v s‑k-a‑n-\‑mÀ.
i‑n-h‑v h‑n-i‑z-\‑m-Y³‑, k‑p-\‑n ]‑n C-f-b‑n-S‑w‑,
t‑U‑m. a‑o-\ S‑n ]‑n-Å X‑p-S-§‑n-b {‑]-a‑p-JÀ
s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
c-à-k‑m-£‑y-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v
k-l-I-c‑n-¨ F-Ã‑m h-I‑p-¸‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w P-\-
{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I {‑]-hÀ-
¯-IÀ-¡‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I h-I‑p-¸‑n-\‑v t‑h-
ï‑n {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w \-µ‑n t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p.
20 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-
Imes¯ KmÔn
t‑U‑m. i‑n-h‑v h‑n-i‑z-\‑m-Y³
K‑m- Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑q-ä-¼-X‑m‑w P-·-Z‑n-\‑m-t‑L‑m-j‑w X-s‑¶ H-c‑p {‑]-I-S-
\‑w F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X F-¶ {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-¯‑n-
\‑v H-c‑p D-¯-a D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v R‑m³ I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p.
K‑m-Ô‑n k‑z-b‑w C-X‑n-s‑\ I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n F-X‑nÀ-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
C‑u hÀ-j‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v h-¶‑n-«‑p-Å ]-c‑m-aÀ-i-§-
s‑f \-c-h‑w-i-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n t‑\‑m-¡‑n \‑n-e‑v-¡‑m³ R‑m³
{‑i-a‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v \‑m-t‑e‑m A-t‑©‑m h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X K‑m-Ô‑n-a‑mÀ
C‑u I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n D-Z-b‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v
H-¶‑m-a-t‑¯-X‑v ]‑p-c‑m-h‑r-¯ K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W.‑v G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p-
s‑a‑m-s‑¡ k-Z-Ê‑n H-c‑p {‑]-`‑m-j-I³ k-Z-Ê‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v K‑m-
Ô‑n¡-Y-IÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v \‑n-§-f‑p‑w t‑I-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑m-I‑p‑w.
A-b‑mÄ-¡‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ k‑n-²‑m-§-s‑f-¸-ä‑n H-c‑p D‑u-l-h‑p-a‑p-
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. A-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I-Y-IÄ-¡‑v C‑u \-h-e‑n-
_-d I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n A-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑v P-\-{‑]‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m.
c-ï‑m-a-X‑v s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h k‑v-I‑q-f‑p-I-f‑n I-ï‑p h-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p-
X-c‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W.‑v A-b‑mÄ G-X‑m-\‑p‑w D-²-c-W‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
D-S-a-b‑m-W.‑v H-c‑p t‑h-f D-²-c-W‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p a‑q-
¶‑m‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-h‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n
D-²-c-W‑n-IÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-W-§-f‑m-b‑n
a‑m-d‑p-¶ A-h-Ø. A-S‑p-¯-X‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y ]-Þ‑n-XÀ ]-s‑ï-
g‑p-X‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«-X‑p-a‑m-b H-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W.‑v A-X-{‑X
{‑]-[‑m-\-a-Ã. H-c‑p B-[‑p-\‑n-I c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I-\‑m-
22 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
W‑v C‑u K‑m-Ô‑n. C-\‑n-b‑n-s‑X‑m-¶‑p-a-Ã‑m-s‑X k-a-I‑m-e‑n-I t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
C-´‑y-b‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b t‑h-s‑d‑m-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-¶- A-t‑±-l‑w. t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑n-s‑â D-t‑±-i‑y‑w
X‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w. C‑u K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑m-W‑v B-j‑n-j‑v \-µ‑n‑, C-´‑y-s‑b t‑a‑m-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑n-e‑p-
H-_‑v-t‑d‑m-b‑v, A-\‑p-c‑m-[ j‑m F-¶‑n-§-s‑\-b‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S ]-c‑n ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v c-£-s‑¸-
I‑r-X‑n-I-f‑n {‑]-I‑m-i‑n-X-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X.‑v C-hÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b S‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑v h-f-s‑c
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p k‑n-²‑m-´-a‑m-b‑n I‑m- {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
W‑m³ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§Ä {‑i-²‑n-¨‑m \-a‑p-¡‑v s‑]-
s‑«-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑p‑w. N-a³-e‑m _-P‑m-P‑v
t‑aÂ-¸-d-ª h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X h‑o-£-W-§Ä \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p- K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p t‑^‑mÀ-U‑v I‑mÀ k-½‑m-\-
¶-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-X-s‑¶ G-X‑p K‑m-Ô‑n a‑m-X‑r-I-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n- a‑m-b‑n \Â-I‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. B-{‑i-a-¯‑n-\‑v
¨‑m-W‑v \-½Ä NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶-X‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m- N‑p-ä‑p‑w G-X‑m-\‑p‑w B-g‑v-N-IÄ H‑m-S‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-
W.‑v I-e-ï-d‑n t‑a‑m-U‑n-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ ª-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑v C‑u I‑mÀ I-«-¸‑p-d-¯‑m-b‑n.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-t‑W‑m \-½Ä NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X?‑v K‑m-Ô‑n c-ï‑v I‑m-f-I-s‑f-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑v C‑u
A-t‑X‑m \-a‑p-¡‑v k‑z‑m‑w-i‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-a‑p-Å a-s‑ä‑m- t‑^‑mÀ-U‑v I‑m-d‑n ]‑q-«‑n. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v h-¶
c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n t‑a‑m-U-e‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-t‑W‑m NÀ-¨? k-µÀ-i-I-t‑c‑m-S‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p: ‑"a‑o-ä‑v s‑s‑a
H‑m-I‑v-k‑v t‑^‑mÀ-U‑v' þ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \-Ã
A-]‑m-c-a‑m-b s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-§-f‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w \À-½-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n- \À-½ t‑_‑m-[-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
t‑â-b‑p‑w D-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n. C-´‑y³ \‑m-j-WÂ
a‑p-t‑Ê‑m-f‑n-\‑n X-s‑â ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v ]-«‑m-f\‑n-c-
s‑b d‑n-h‑y‑p s‑N-¿‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v B-h-
i‑y-s‑¸-«-X‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n h‑m-b‑n-¨-t‑X‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p.
X-\‑n-¡‑v C-X‑n b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-h‑p-
a‑n-Ã F-¶‑v ]-d-s‑ª‑m-g‑n-b‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w
{‑i-a‑n-¨‑p. ]-t‑£ a‑p-t‑Ê‑m-f‑n-\‑n h‑n-«‑n-Ã.
s‑N-d‑n-b H-c‑p A-`‑n-k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\‑m {‑]-k‑w-
K-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-S-¯‑m³ a‑p-t‑Ê‑m-f‑n-\‑n K‑m-
Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑p. X-s‑â a‑p-¼‑nÂ
a‑mÀ-¨‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑v t‑]‑m-b ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v \‑n-c-I-
t‑f‑m-S‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "C-¶‑v \‑n-§Ä
h-f-s‑c B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-h‑m-·‑m-c‑m-b‑n I‑m-W-s‑¸-
S‑p-¶‑p. C‑u D-²-c-W‑n-b‑n-s‑e [‑z-\‑n-I-s‑f
C-¶-s‑¯ s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑n-s‑â L-S-\-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
R‑m³ t‑NÀ-¯‑p-h-b‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v ' a-s‑ä‑m-
c‑n-¡Â‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v H-c‑p A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³
]-{‑X-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I³ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p ‑""]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y
k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n X‑m-¦-f‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-
b‑w F-´‑m-W‑v ?'' ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑w
þ A-s‑X‑m-c‑p \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p B-i-b-a‑m-W‑v, þ
F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-d‑p-]-S‑n.
I‑p-t‑d-¡‑m-e‑w a‑p-¼‑v F-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v
H.h‑n h‑n-P-b³ H-c‑p I‑mÀ-«‑q¬ h-c-¨‑n-c‑p-
¶‑p. A-X‑n C-´‑y-b‑n Z-i-I-§Ä-¡‑p-
t‑i-j‑w a-S-§‑n-s‑b-¯‑n-b K‑m-Ô‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v
H-c‑p ]-{‑X-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I³ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p:
‑"F-´‑m-W‑v C-´‑y³ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 23
X‑m-¦-f‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w‑'? K‑m-Ô‑n C-§-s‑\ _-l‑p-a‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-d‑n-h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å
a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p : "C-´‑y³ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m- B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y‑w i-c‑n-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-s‑X H-c‑p k-X‑y‑m-\-
c‑w þ A-s‑X‑m-c‑p \-à B-i-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w‑'. ´-c-X‑m k‑w-h‑m-Z-¯‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ \-a‑p-¡‑v h‑n-i-Z‑o-
C-¯-c‑w s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y‑m-ß-I-X-I-f‑m-W‑v K‑m- I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-I‑n-Ã .
Ô‑n-s‑b {‑]-h-N-\‑m-X‑o-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-
X‑z-a‑m-¡‑n-¯‑oÀ-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X F-¶-X‑v H-c‑p k-µÀ-`-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-«‑n-Ã‑m-
s‑X ‑"X-\-X‑v' B-b‑n‑, H-c‑p k‑w-hÀ-¤‑w F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ
B-t‑d‑m G-t‑g‑m h-b-Ê‑p-Å-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v NÀ-¨-b‑v-s‑¡-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F-s‑¶ A-Û‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p-
R‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n F-¶‑p t‑IÄ-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v k‑v- s‑h-¶‑v B-Z‑y-t‑a ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-Å-s‑«. C-§-s‑\ H-c‑p
I‑q-f‑n h-¨‑v R‑m³ NÀ-¨‑n-e‑n-s‑â H-c‑p N‑n- NÀ-¨ C-´‑y-b‑n-te \-S-¡‑q. G-X‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ ]-Þ‑n-
{‑X‑w I-ï‑p. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v h‑o-«‑n F-¯‑n R‑m³ X-\‑p‑w t‑h-K‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑p‑w‑, k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X H-ä-b‑v-¡‑p
B h‑n-h-c‑w A-Ñ-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p. NÀ-¨‑n NÀ-¨-s‑¡-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑m-¯ H-¶‑m-s‑W-¶.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-
a-l‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¶‑p‑w a‑n-S‑p-¡-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶- c-X-s‑b-¸-ä‑n-b‑p-Å B-Z‑y-NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v G-I-t‑Z-
¶‑p‑w t‑I-«‑v A-ѳ k‑z-X-k‑n-²-a‑m-b N‑n- i‑w \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑p hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑m-W.‑v i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w
c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S ]-d-ª‑p. ‑"NÀ-¨‑nÂ? A-b‑mÄ Ú‑m-t‑\‑m-Z-b-¯‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w c‑o-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑p-Å
K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑m-Z‑p-I‑w s‑X‑m-S‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w H-c‑p-X-c‑w P-\-{‑]‑n-b k‑n-²‑m-´ ]-c‑n-k-c-a‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-
AÀ-l-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯-h-\‑m-W.‑v ‑' A-¼-c-¶‑v ¡-e‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v \-S-¶-X.‑v A-X‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v U‑m-\‑n-bÂ
R‑m³ A-Ñ-s‑\-´‑m-W‑v AÀ-°-a‑m-¡‑n-b- s‑h-Ã‑n-s‑â ‑"{‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-§-f‑p-s‑S A-´‑y‑w‑' F-¶
s‑X-¶‑v B-c‑m-ª‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b H-c‑p i‑m- I‑r-X‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w. {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-§Ä H-c‑p-X-c‑w
k‑v-{‑X-Ú-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v s‑S-I‑v-t‑\‑m-{‑I‑m-ä‑n-I‑v k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶-
A-¶‑v A-ѳ ]-d-ª-X.‑v s‑P.k‑n t‑_‑m- X‑n-\‑m {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-§-s‑f X-Å‑n-¡-f-b-W‑w
k‑n-s‑â i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-{‑]-_-Ô-§Ä h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p‑w- F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-X‑n-s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\ `‑m-K‑w. s‑]-s‑«-¶‑p
t‑]‑m-s‑e t‑h-W-a-t‑{‑X ‑"k-X‑y‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W X-s‑¶ C‑u {‑]-h-W-X ^‑p-I‑p-b‑m-a-b‑p-s‑S ‑"N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â
]-c‑o-£-W-§Ä‑' h‑m-b‑n-t‑¡-ï-X.‑v k‑z-´‑w A-´‑y‑w‑' F-¶ k‑n-²‑m-´-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v ]-c‑n-W-a‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n.
P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w i-c‑o-c-h‑p‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å H-c‑p s‑_À-e‑n³ a-X‑n-e‑n-s‑â ]-X-\‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶
]-c‑o-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-e‑m-W‑v A-´‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v ^‑p-I‑p-b‑m-a F-g‑p-X‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w AÀ-
A-X.‑v A-X‑p-h-s‑c R‑m³ {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ °-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v, H-c‑p-t‑h-f‑, a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯-¯‑n-s‑â N-c‑n-{‑X-
H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v ]‑n-s‑¶ A-ѳ ]-d-ª- §Ä A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑m-I‑m‑w.
X.‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n C-´‑y-b‑n D-¨-`‑m-j‑n-W‑n-
IÄ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S d‑m-e‑n- C-X‑n-\‑p c-ï‑n-\‑p‑w t‑i-j‑w D-S-s‑e-S‑p-¯-X‑m-W‑v k‑m-a‑p-
I-f‑n-e‑m-W-t‑{‑X. h l-ï‑n-M‑v-K‑n-s‑â k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑w-L-«-\‑w
F-¶ k‑n-²‑m-´‑w. C-É‑m-a‑p‑w {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑o-b-X-b‑p‑w X-½‑n-
K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p ]‑n-´‑n-c‑n-¸-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. e‑p-Å k‑w-L-«-\-§Ä `‑m-h‑n-s‑b \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶‑v
\-Ã k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k ]-c‑n- l-ï‑n-M‑v-S¬ I-c‑p-X‑n. C‑u a‑q-¶‑v k‑n-²‑m-§-f‑p‑w h‑y-à-
Ú‑m-\-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\.‑v a‑m-b {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I-a‑m-\-a‑p-Å X-¯‑z-§-f‑m-W.‑v F-¶‑mÂ
]-c-¼-c‑m-K-X-a‑m-b C-´‑y³ NÀ-¡-b-à _-l‑p-P-\ a‑m-[‑y-a-§Ä C-h-s‑b k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-h-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-X‑p‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨- I-b‑p‑w C‑u B-i-b-§-s‑f B-t‑K‑m-f-h-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
X‑p‑w. t‑a‑m-d‑n-k‑v s‑s‑d-ä‑v a‑u-ï‑v c‑q-]-IÂ-¸-\ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\ {‑]-i‑v-\‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-
s‑N-b‑v-X NÀ-¡-b‑m-W.‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑p-I‑, s‑s‑d-ä‑v c-X F-¶ N‑n-´-s‑b k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n \‑nÀ-¯‑n \-½Ä
a‑u-ï‑n-\‑v C-e-{‑Î‑n-¡Â F-©‑n-\‑o-b-d‑n‑w- {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W.‑v A-X‑v i-c‑n-¡‑p‑w b‑q-t‑d‑m-
K‑n \‑q-d‑n I‑q-S‑p-X t‑]-äâ‑p-I-f‑p-ï.‑v ]‑y³ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e C-¶-s‑¯ \‑nÀ-Ö‑o-h-\-s‑¯-
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-¶ a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑v \-h‑o-\-X-b‑p-s‑S ¸-ä‑n-b‑p-Å H-c‑p s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
{‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w A-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n.k‑n C-X‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n I-t‑ï-s‑\. I‑m-c-W‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v
t‑d-b‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w s‑P.k‑n t‑_‑m-k‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w i‑m- ]-Ý‑m-¯-e-§-f‑p‑w k-µÀ-`-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
k‑v-{‑X s‑s‑h-Z-K‑v-²‑y-t‑¯‑m-S‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-t‑_‑m-[‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, H-c‑p
k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
24 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X H-c‑p k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X H-c‑p H-ä-s‑¸-« {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-a-Ã‑, A-X‑p
H-ä-s‑¸-« {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-a-Ã‑, k‑w-L-S‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-
A-X‑p k‑w-L-S‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-c‑p-² i-à‑n-IÄ Z‑r-V-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-k-c-a‑m-W.‑v
]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n C-X‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-s‑X I‑u-X‑p-I-I-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p-a-b‑p-Å
P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑n-c‑p-² H-c‑p-]-Z‑w F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b I-ï‑mÂ
i-à‑n-IÄ Z‑r-V-s‑¸-S‑p- \-½Ä-¡‑v H-c‑p s‑X-ä‑p-]-ä‑p‑w F-¶‑v R‑m³ I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p.
¶-X‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-k-c-a‑m-W‑.v P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w A-d‑n-h‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w L-S-\-IÄ-¡‑v
C-X‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-s‑X t‑\-s‑c-b‑p-Å X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-b B-{‑I-a-W-a‑m-W‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y
I‑u-X‑p-I-I-c-a‑m-b \‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n \-S-¶-X.‑v \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑p hÀ-j-a‑m-b‑n X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-
H-c‑p-a-b‑p-Å H-c‑p-]-Z‑w t‑]‑m-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p B-{‑I-a-W-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v
F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n k-X‑y‑m- k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X. B \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑p hÀ-j-s‑¯ A-h-K-W‑n-
\-´-c-X-s‑b I-@‑m ¨‑mÂ‑, ]-{‑X-{‑]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡‑p \‑n-c-¡‑p-¶ X-c‑w h‑mÀ-¯‑m-
\-½Ä-¡‑v H-c‑p \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-¯‑n {‑i-² t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑mÂ‑, \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v
s‑X-ä‑p-]-ä‑p‑w F-¶‑v h‑mÀ-¯ a‑m-{‑X-t‑a e-`‑n-¡‑q. N-c‑n-{‑X‑w e-`‑n-¡‑n-Ã.
R‑m³ I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p.
C-´‑y³ \‑n-c‑q-]-IÀ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b t‑\‑m-¡‑n-¡‑m-
W‑m³ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨ c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b
k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨ h-f-s‑c Z‑p‑x-J-I-c-a‑m-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w.
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n F-§-s‑\-b‑m-
I‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v
C-¶‑v {‑]-k-à-a‑m-b H-c‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v
A-K‑m-[-a‑m-b X-¯‑z-]-c‑n-Ú‑m-\-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n
\-h-k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y-b‑v-¡‑v F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w
a-ä‑p-a‑p-Å [‑m-c-W-IÄ \-½Ä D-t‑]-£‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v
k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y-b‑p-s‑S k‑m-[‑y-X-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
\-à A-d‑n-h‑p-Å B-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑w-¥-ï‑n a‑m-©-Ì-
d‑n-s‑e hÀ-¡‑v-t‑j‑m-¸‑p-IÄ k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n s‑N-
¶ I-Y H‑mÀ-½-h-c‑p-¶‑p. C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S k-a-c-¯‑mÂ
A-S-¨‑n-« A-h‑n-S‑w N‑p-ä‑n-\-S-¶‑v, b-{‑´-§Ä I-ï-t‑i-j‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n ]-d-ª‑p ‑' \‑n-§-s‑f P-¸‑m³ a-d‑n-I-S-¶-X‑nÂ
A-Û‑p-X-s‑a‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã.‑' h-e‑n-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n ]‑n-d-¶-
h-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-h-k‑v-X‑p-¡-s‑f-¸-ä‑n
\-Ã A-h-K‑m-l-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£ I-t‑¼‑m-f-¯‑n-s‑â
c‑o-X‑n-I-s‑f-¸-ä‑n A-{‑X i‑p-`-I-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p-I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
¶‑n-Ã A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X.‑v k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b
H-c‑p A-i‑p-` N‑n-´-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X.‑v
C-§-s‑\ k-¦‑oÀ-®-a‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-
s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n t‑h-W‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v N‑n-´‑n-
¡‑m³. A-s‑Ã-¦‑n s‑h-d‑p‑w t‑N‑m-t‑Z‑y‑m-¯-c e‑o-e-b‑m-b‑n
NÀ-¨-IÄ I‑q-¸‑p-I‑p-¯‑p‑w. C-s‑X‑m-c‑p k‑u-l‑r-Z NÀ-¨-b-
s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p-I. c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑m-W‑v C-X.‑v C-h‑n-S-s‑¯
t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§Ä t‑h-s‑d X-s‑¶ B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡-s‑¸-t‑S-ï-X‑p-
ï.‑v e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p D-Z‑m-l-c-W-s‑a-S‑p-¡‑m‑w. B-t‑{‑´‑m
s‑]‑m-U‑n-k‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v C‑u-b‑n-s‑S \-S-¶ P-\-{‑]‑n-b NÀ-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 25
¨-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑p-I. I‑m-e‑m- H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑p-ï‑v, H-c‑p {‑]-]-©-h‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v F-Ã‑m
h-Ø‑m h‑y-X‑n-b‑m-\-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v hÀ-j- D-]-k-a‑q-l-§-f‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n `‑q-a‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n
§-f‑m-b‑n a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-h-¨ ]-e h‑m-Z-§-f‑p‑w _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶-h-b‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ k‑z-c‑m-
C-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n P-\-{‑i-² t‑\-S‑p-I-b‑p- P‑v `‑q-a‑n-s‑b-¸-ä‑n-b‑p-Å N‑n-´-IÄ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
ï‑m-b‑n. a‑p-J‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø‑m h‑y-X‑n- B-t‑K‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ‑"`‑u-a‑'a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑h-s‑d‑m-c‑p
b‑m-\-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨.‑v c-ï‑v X-c‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§- X-c-¯‑n ]-d-ª‑m A-X‑n-\‑v D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-t‑_‑m-[-
f‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c h‑m-Z‑n-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, I-c‑p-X-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n
h-¨-X.‑v H-¶.‑v I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø‑m h‑y-X‑n-b‑m-\‑w \-t‑½‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-¡‑p-t‑h-ï‑n
F-s‑¶‑m-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-t‑X- A-t‑±-l‑w k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l-a‑n-c‑p-t‑¶-s‑\. A-X‑v ]‑mÀ-i‑z-h-
b‑n-Ã. c-ï.‑v A-X‑n-\‑p h-k‑v-X‑p-\‑n-jT‑v -a‑m-b X‑v-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-« P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
s‑X-f‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e-a‑n-Ã. A-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑N-¿‑p‑w. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-t‑_‑m-[‑w `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S `‑m-K-a‑m-
s‑s‑I-¿‑n a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p-X-c‑w h-k‑v-X‑p-X-b‑m-W‑v ¡‑m-\‑p-Å H-c‑p k-a-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w A-X.‑v
D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X.‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑m-Z-§-s‑f
\‑y‑m-b‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ X-c-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑p-Å-X.‑v C‑u-b‑n-s‑S F-s‑â H-c‑p B-Z‑n-h‑m-k‑n k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v
C-´‑y³ i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-ÚÀ-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C‑u h‑m- ]-d-ª‑p-X-¶ H-c‑p I-Y H‑mÀ-½-h-c‑p-¶‑p. H-d‑o-k-b‑n-s‑e
Z‑w G-ä‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. H-cÂ-¸‑w J-\-\-`‑q-a‑n-I-f‑n P‑n-{‑µ³ {‑K‑q-¸‑p-ï‑m-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-i‑v-\-
t‑Z-i-`-à‑n I‑q-s‑S C-X‑n e-b‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v A-hÀ §-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-c‑m-aÀ-i-h‑n-j-b‑w. H-c‑p s‑h-Å-¨‑m-«‑w
I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø‑m h‑y-X‑n-b‑m-\‑w H-c‑p ]‑m-Ý‑m- h-ä‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n. D‑u-c‑n \‑n-¶‑v H-c‑p B-Z‑n-h‑m-k‑n s‑N-¶‑v
X‑y-t‑e‑m-I{‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-[‑n-s‑b-g‑p- \-c-h‑w-i i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p:
X‑n. H-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ F-§-s‑\-b‑m-h‑p‑w C‑u
{‑]-i‑v-\-s‑¯ t‑\‑m-¡‑n-¡‑m-W‑p-I? A-b‑m-f‑p‑w H-c‑p P-e-]‑m-X C-¶‑v a-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n‑, H-c‑p ]-g‑w-I-Y C-¶‑v
k‑z-c‑m-P‑v, k‑z-t‑Z-i‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b ]-Z-§Ä a-c‑n-¨‑p. H-c‑p h‑n-i‑p-²‑n a-c‑n-¨‑p. H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-c‑o-X‑n a-c‑n-
D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-t‑¨-¡‑m‑w. ]-t‑£ K‑m-Ô‑n-b-\‑v ¨‑p. R‑m³ A-X‑n-s‑â ‑"a-c-W‑m-\-´-c‑'¨-S-§‑n-e‑m-W.‑v C‑u
C‑u B-i-b-§Ä I-t‑¼‑m-f-X-{‑´-a-Ã‑, \-c-h‑w-i-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú³ UÂ-l‑n b‑q-W‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-b‑nÂ
A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S `‑m-j-b‑p-s‑S X-·-b‑m-W‑v B s‑N-b‑v-X H-c‑p {‑]-`‑m-j-W-a-t‑[‑y C-X‑v ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-I-
]-Z-§-f‑p‑w A-h ]‑n³-]-ä‑p-¶ X-¯‑z-§- b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. k-Z-Ê‑n H-c‑p k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X h‑n-
f‑p‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ X-¯‑z-N‑n-´-b‑n F-Ã‑m Z-K‑v-[³ C-X‑p-t‑I-«‑v A-Û‑p-X‑w I‑q-d‑n: ‑"H-c‑p s‑h-Å-¨‑m-
D-]-k-a‑q-l-§Ä-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-h-b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b «‑w? F-{‑X I‑y‑p-_‑n-I‑v s‑h-Å‑w I‑m-W‑p‑w A-X‑n H-c‑p
k-X‑y‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p X-c‑w k-X‑y-s‑¯ h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑p-s‑S
26 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
k‑w-LÀ-j-¯‑nÂ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-ck-µÀ-`-a‑m- a‑m-b h-k‑v-X‑p-X-b‑p‑w A-X‑m-W.‑v {‑]-I‑r-X‑n
W‑v C-h‑n-s‑S s‑h-f‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b H-c‑p h-k‑v-X‑p-X-b-Ã. P‑o-h-\‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y k-¼À-¡-a‑m-b‑n \‑m‑w F-¶‑m- c-X-s‑b-s‑¨‑m-Ã‑n-b‑p-Å k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-f‑n-s‑e
W‑v I‑m-W‑p-I? C-X‑p-h-s‑c A-X‑n-s‑\ \‑m‑w A-§-s‑\ A-d‑n-h‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ H‑mÀ-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-
h‑m-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑n {‑]-X‑n-\‑n- I‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v t‑aÂ-]-d-ª i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-
[‑m-\‑w s‑N-t‑¿-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e‑w t‑`- s‑â s‑]‑m-X‑p-h‑n-[-a‑m-b k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-
Z-K-X‑n s‑N-t‑¿-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m- ¨‑v A-d‑n-ª-X‑m-b‑n \-½Ä `‑m-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
\-¯‑n G-I-t‑c-J‑o-b-a‑m-b `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e‑w s‑XÀ-t‑a‑m s‑s‑U-t‑\‑m-a‑n-I‑v-k‑n t‑\‑m-_Â
_-l‑p-t‑c-J‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-ä-s‑¸-t‑S-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v I‑m-e-N-{‑I-§Ä k-½‑m-\‑w e-`‑n-¨ F-e‑n-k-_-¯‑v »‑m-¡‑v
a‑m-X‑n-c‑n-b‑p-Å k-a-b-a‑m-X‑r-I t‑h-W‑w `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑v-¡‑v t‑_¬ ]-d-ª-X‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑p-I: ‑']-g-b
F-¶‑m-W‑v B-t‑{‑´‑m-¸-k‑n³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X.‑v Z-i-e-£‑w hÀ- t‑]‑m-k‑n-ä‑o-h‑n-k-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑v
j-§-f‑p-s‑S N-{‑I-§-s‑f ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑m-W.‑v k-a- {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-§-s‑f X-Å‑n-¸-d-b‑p-¶-
b-¯‑n-s‑â k-X‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n \-½Ä hÀ i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯nsâ \-h-\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f
F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v `-c-W-L-S-\-s‑b a‑m-ä‑p-I? k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c- I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-t‑¶-b‑n-Ã.‑' A-X‑p-i-c‑n-b‑m-
§-f‑p-s‑S k-X‑y‑w; {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-X‑y‑w; k-X‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S NÀ-¨-I-f‑nÂ
_-l‑p-e-X. C‑u Z‑n-i-b‑n \-½‑p-s‑S `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w 19þ‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e X-c‑w hÀ-K
s‑h-f‑n-]‑m-S‑p-I-s‑f‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-`‑n-`‑m-j-IÀ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v þ t‑Z-i-k‑w-hÀ-K-§Ä D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-
£-a‑n-¡‑p-I. ]-t‑£ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S `‑m-j \-½- c‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w. \‑n-§Ä s‑N-t‑¿-
s‑f t‑h-«-b‑m-S‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v ]-g-©³ i‑p-`‑m-]‑v- ï-X‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b¯-s‑¶ s‑h-Ã‑p-
X‑n h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n I‑p-S‑p-§‑n-¡‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v \-½Ä. h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-W‑v, D-¯-c‑m-[‑p-\‑n-I
I-g‑n-ª a‑p-¸-X‑v þ \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑v hÀ-j-¯‑n i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-s‑¯ ]-c‑n-K-W-\-b‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-I
a‑m-d‑n-a-d‑n-ª-X‑v \-½Ä A-d‑n-ª-t‑X-b‑n-Ã. F-¶-X‑m-W.‑v C-¶-s‑¯ {‑]-[‑m-\ s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-
f‑n-I-f‑n H-¶‑m-W-X.‑v \-½Ä k-X‑y‑m-\-´-
\‑oÂ-k‑v t‑_‑m-d‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n H-c‑p I-Y-b‑p-ï.‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â c-X-s‑b-¸-ä‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p‑, F-¶‑m I-g‑n-ª
a‑p-J‑y-]-c‑o-£-W-i‑m-e-b‑n H-c‑p c-£ X‑q-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑m- G-X‑m-\‑p‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑p-I-f‑n k-X‑y‑w s‑s‑I-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-¶-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ A-t‑±-l-t‑¯‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p h-c‑n-¨ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑\-«-§-s‑f-¸-ä‑n
‑'C-s‑X-§-s‑\ i-c‑n-b‑m-I‑p‑w? C-X‑v H-c‑p A-Ô-h‑n-i‑z‑m- b‑m-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w a‑n-ï‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
k-a-t‑Ã? ‑'C-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v K‑p-W-a‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n A-X‑m-b‑n‑,
C-s‑Ã-¦‑n t‑h-ï‑, t‑Z‑m-j-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w h-c‑n-I-b‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m.‑' {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v R‑m³
I‑z‑m-ï‑w s‑a-¡‑m-\‑n-I‑v-k‑n-s‑e ]-e XÀ-¡-§-f‑p‑w a-X-h‑n- C-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v C-´‑y F-´‑p-
i‑z‑m-k-s‑¯ N‑p-ä‑n-¸-ä‑n-b‑p-Å-X‑m-h‑m-d‑p-ï.‑v s‑F³-Ì‑o³ s‑I‑m-ï‑v {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j-s‑\-¸-ä‑n C-{‑X-\‑m-
]-d-ª-X‑v R‑m³ H‑mÀ-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑Z-h-¯‑n-s‑\- f‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¨‑n-Ã ? A-S‑p-¯-I‑m-e-¯‑v t‑e‑m-
§-s‑\ t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v a‑m-b‑w I-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-I‑p‑w? s‑s‑Z-h‑w I-¯‑v \‑n-e-h‑nÂ-h-¶ {‑]-[‑m-\ K‑m-Ô‑n-b³
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n C-à F-¶-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑mÄ i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e L-S-\-I-f‑n H-¶‑m-W‑v {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j³.
]-e D‑uÀ-Ö-§-f‑n H-¶‑m-W‑v s‑s‑Z-h‑w F-¶‑p-]-d-b‑p-¶- A-X‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n A-{‑I-a-§Ä \-S-¶‑n-
X‑m-h‑p‑w D-N‑n-X‑w. {‑]-]-©-L-S-\-b‑n-s‑e H-c‑p C-b-¡-a‑m-W‑v «‑p-Å-X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v A-d‑n-b‑m-X-Ã F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
s‑s‑Z-h‑w. s‑k-¡‑p-e‑mÀ F-¶‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-]-c‑w F-¶‑p‑w s‑U-k‑v-aï‑v S‑p-«‑p‑, {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j³ c‑q-]‑o-
H-c‑p Z‑z-µ-IÂ-¸-\ C-\‑n {‑]-k-à-a-Ã. B-t‑{‑´‑m-]‑m-k‑n I-c‑n-¨ c‑o-X‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b I‑m-X-e‑m-
B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑p-s‑S h-k‑v-X‑p-X‑m-]-c-X b‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v P-\-§Ä-¡‑v
a‑m-ä‑n-s‑b-g‑p-X‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y‑w I‑m-W‑p-a‑m-d-I-W‑w‑, P-\-§Ä-¡‑v
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-IÄ-¡-¸‑p-d‑w AÀ-°-§Ä I‑m-
{‑]-I‑r-X‑n H-c‑p P‑q-U‑n-t‑b‑m {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y³ B-i-b-a-Ã. {‑]-]- W‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡-W‑w‑, P-\-§Ä-¡‑v Z‑p-c‑n-
© a‑m-X‑r-I ]‑p-X‑p-c‑o-X‑n-b‑n F-g‑p-X-s‑¸-«‑p I-g‑n-ª‑p. X-§-s‑f a-d‑n-I-S-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡-W‑w.
]‑p-X‑n-b k-¦Â-]-\ {‑]-I‑m-c‑w {‑]-I‑r-X‑n s‑s‑P-h‑n-I-a‑m-W.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑qÀ-W-a‑m-b‑p‑w h‑n-P-b‑n-¨‑p F-¶‑p
B-t‑{‑´‑m-]-k‑n³ \‑nÀ-h-N-\-§-f‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w c-k-I-c- R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã. S‑p-«‑p-h‑n-s‑â G-ä-h‑p‑w
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 27
{‑]-_-e-b‑m-b {‑]-X‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑n h‑n-¶‑n a-t‑ï- A-{‑I-a-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-g‑n-a-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W.‑v A-X‑m-W‑v \-½Ä
e-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j-\‑p-t‑h-ï‑n A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-t‑¡-ï‑p-¶ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X. F-§-s‑\
R‑m³ ]-¯‑v hÀ-j‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X‑n‑v- \‑n-§Ä h‑w-i-l-X‑y-s‑b A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p‑w? \‑m-e‑v
«‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑n-s‑â A-´‑y-]‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑e G-ä- Z-i-e-£‑w P-\-§-s‑f ]‑p-d‑w-X-Å‑p-¶ H-c‑p \‑m-j-WÂ
h‑p‑w {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y‑w S‑p-«‑p-h‑p‑w h‑n-¶‑n ]‑u-c-X‑z-c-P‑n-Ì-d‑n-s‑\ \‑n-§Ä F-§-s‑\ A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-
a-t‑ï-e-b‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å G-ä‑p-a‑p-«-e‑p-I-f‑m- ¡‑p‑w? c-ï‑v e-£‑w B-Z‑n-h‑m-k‑n-I-s‑f A-h-c‑p-s‑S B-h‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ‑'F-s‑â ]-¡-e‑p-Å h-k‑v-X‑p-X- k-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑m-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w-
I-s‑f \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¡‑m³ \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n- t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b \‑n-§Ä F-§-s‑\ A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p‑w?
¡‑n-Ã‑' F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶ h‑n-¶‑n a-t‑ï-e G-X‑v X-c‑w k-X‑y-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v \‑m‑w ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-
H-c‑p-h-i-¯.‑v ‑'\‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-s‑f t‑ï-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X?‑v C‑u c-P‑n-Ì-d‑n-s‑â h-k‑v-X‑p-X‑m k‑w-
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-]-c-X-b‑v-¡-¸‑p-d‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p t‑]‑m- t‑i‑m-[-\-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v, A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑n-b kÀ-t‑Æ-
h‑m³ k-a-b-a‑m-b‑n.‑' F-¶‑p-h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v F-´‑p-X-c‑w X‑oÀ-¨-I-f‑m-W‑v \-a‑p-¡‑p-Å-X?‑v
s‑U-k‑v-a-ï‑v S‑p-«‑p a-d‑p-h-i-¯.‑v P‑o-h-N- H-c‑p-]-ä‑w _‑y‑q-t‑d‑m-{‑I‑m-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S X‑oÀ-¨?
c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-¸‑p-d‑w
t‑]‑m-I‑p-I. k‑u-¯‑v B-{‑^‑n-¡ A-§-s‑\ H-c‑p k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-`‑m-h-\-b‑p-s‑S
A-X‑n-P‑o-h-¡-s‑« . h‑n-i‑m-e-a‑m-b AÀ-°‑w \‑m‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-t‑b ]-ä‑q.
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â X-c‑w X-¯‑z-N‑n-´-s‑b k-X‑y‑m-\-´-
U-k‑v-a-ï‑v S‑p-«‑p-h‑n-s‑â X-¯‑z‑w \-½Ä c-X‑, ]‑p-\-c-h-[‑m-\‑w s‑N-t‑¿-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v H-c‑p-h-«‑w I‑q-S‑n
C-´‑y-b‑n {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§Ä X-½‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-\‑n-a-b-§-s‑f ]-c‑n-K-
I-c‑p-X‑p-I. C-h‑n-s‑S ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S W‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v c‑m-a‑m-\-µ ]-W‑n-¡À F-¶ a-e-b‑m-
H-c‑p {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑o-j³ c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I- f‑n X-¯‑z-N‑n-´-I³ ]-d-ª-X‑m-W‑v H‑mÀ-½ h-c‑p-¶-X.‑v
b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-I. A-[‑n-I‑m-c-t‑I- k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-]‑p-e-X-b‑n-s‑e
{‑µ-§Ä H-c‑p-]-t‑£ C-X-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑n-Ã. H-c‑p k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W.‑v H-c‑p k‑w-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-s‑â
]-t‑£ C-X‑v \-S-¸‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n L-S-\ X-s‑¶ G-I-i‑n-e‑m c‑q-]-¯‑n-e‑p-Å k-X‑y-s‑¯
F-´‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w B {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑o-j³ \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W.‑v ]-W‑n-¡À I‑m-d‑p-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
]‑p-d-¯‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑n-I? A-W-s‑¡-«‑p-I-f‑p- ]-d-ª-t‑X‑mÀ-¡‑p-I. s‑]-t‑{‑S‑mÄ C-s‑Ã-¦‑n I‑m-d‑p-I-
s‑S \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-¯‑m A-d‑p-]-X‑p e-£‑w f‑n-Ã. I‑u-a‑m-c-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ‑, t‑d‑m-U‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ‑, B-k-
BÄ-¡‑mÀ k‑z-´‑w \‑m-«‑n A-`-b‑mÀ-°‑n- à‑n-I-f‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n I‑m-d‑p-I-t‑f-b‑n-Ã. k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§Ä
I-f‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-s‑b-t‑¶‑m ? e-l-f-IÄ-s‑I‑m- C-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v N-e‑n-¡‑p-I. X-§-f‑p-s‑S k-X‑y-§Ä
ï‑v ]-¯‑p e-£‑w t‑]À `-h-\-c-l‑n-X-c‑m- A-]‑qÀ-W-§-f‑m-s‑W-¶‑v k-½-X‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v A-h
b‑n F-t‑¶‑m? \-½-s‑f‑m-c‑p {‑]-t‑X‑y-I X-c‑w X‑p-S-§‑p-I. F-s‑â k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-]‑qÀ-W-X R‑m³
B-{‑I-a-W-s‑¯-b‑m-W‑v ZÀ-i‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n- I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v \‑n-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑m-W.‑v
c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑n-s‑e t‑I-{‑µ- A-Y-h‑m A-]-c-s‑\ I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑m-W‑v R‑m³
_‑n-µ‑p‑, k-X‑y-a-Ã. A-{‑I-a-a‑m-W.‑v B-{‑I- F-s‑¶-¯-s‑¶ I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v
a-W-¯‑n-s‑â B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-£-a-X-b‑m-W.‑v
B-W-h D‑uÀ-Ö-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n-t‑b‑m t‑I‑m¬- C-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-c‑m-W‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§-s‑f-
k-t‑{‑ï-j³ I‑y‑m-¼‑p-I-s‑f-¸-ä‑n-t‑b‑m \‑m-e‑v- ¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-hÀ? I‑z‑m-ï‑w ^‑n-k‑n-I‑v-k‑v K-t‑h-j-I-
]-X‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S A-´‑y-¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-¡‑v I‑r- c‑m-W‑v A-¡‑q-«À. t‑U-h‑n-U‑v t‑_‑m-ï‑n-s‑â {‑]-`‑m-j-W‑w
X‑y-a‑m-b A-d‑n-h‑p-IÄ D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. D-²-c‑n-¨‑v ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-h‑p‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I
]‑n-s‑¶ C‑u _‑n-µ‑p-¡-f‑n \‑n-¶‑m-I‑p‑w A-d‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p‑w A-`‑n-a‑m-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S F-S‑p-¯‑p-I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶
H-c‑p-]-t‑£ A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-S-§‑p-I. c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X k‑w-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-t‑â-X‑m-
W.‑v k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w \‑n-b-X-a‑m-b s‑]‑m-c‑p-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v ]‑p-d-
C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S C-¶-s‑¯ \‑n-e ]-c‑n-K-W‑n- t‑¯-¡‑v k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-s‑f s‑I‑m-ï‑p-s‑N-Ã‑p-¶‑p. k‑w-`‑m-j-
¡‑p-I. C-h‑n-s‑S {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w B-h‑n- W‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â kÀ-Æ-{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b
j‑v-I‑m-c-£-a-X \-½Ä ZÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v H-c‑p- h-k‑v-X‑p-X-s‑b k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-I-e‑y-a-h-I‑m-
28 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
F-s‑¶ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S- i-s‑¸-S‑m-h‑p-¶ {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-§Ä F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑p-a-I-
t‑¯‑m-f‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´- s‑f Dfh‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-Û‑p-X-I-c-a‑m-b h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-s‑f
c-X-b‑p-s‑S C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e ]‑p-d-¯‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑p-¶‑p. N‑n-´-s‑b s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶
G-ä-h‑p‑w h‑y-à-a‑m-b L-S-I-§-s‑f s‑h-f‑n-h‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w C-¶‑v i‑m-k‑v-
\‑n-Z‑m-\‑w K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v {‑X-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-W.‑v H-c‑p k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c \‑n-c‑q-]-I-\‑p‑w
e-l-f-b‑p-s‑S d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑m-W‑.v C-X‑v I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-¶‑mÂ‑, k-a-I‑m-e‑n-I
F-k‑.v s‑F.S‑n-b‑p‑w Câ-e‑n- i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w‑, H‑m-
P³-k‑v h‑r-¯-§-f‑p‑w ¸¬ s‑s‑l-a-d‑n-s‑â i‑n-j‑y³‑, I‑r-j‑v-W-a‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑p-a‑m-
I‑q-S‑n I@‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨-X‑v b‑n k‑w-h‑m-Z-§Ä \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-Å- h³ H-c‑p I‑z‑m-ï‑w
\-t‑c-{‑µ-t‑a‑m-U‑n \‑n-c-]-c‑m- `‑u-X‑n-I-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú³ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p: ""k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w
[‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-W‑.v A-X‑v G-X‑p i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑p‑w ]-c-a-{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑m-W‑.v W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X ]-g-b i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-t‑¯-b‑p‑w ]-g-b
t‑]‑m-k‑n-ä‑n-h‑n-ä‑n-t‑b-b‑p‑w A-[‑n-I-c‑n-¨‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑y-h-l‑m-
c-a‑m-W.‑v B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¼-X-s‑¶ A-X‑v
]-g-©-\‑m-b‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v ]-t‑£ s‑{‑]‑m-¸-K-ï-b‑p-
s‑S _-e-¯‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b \-a‑p-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ
k-P‑o-h-a‑m-¡‑n \‑nÀ-¯‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w.'' F-s‑¶ k‑w-
_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e
G-ä-h‑p‑w h‑y-à-a‑m-b \‑n-Z‑m-\‑w K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v e-l-f-b‑p-s‑S
d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑m-W.‑v F-k.‑v s‑F.S‑n-b‑p‑w Câ-e‑n-P³-k‑v h‑r-¯-
§-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨-X‑v \-t‑c-{‑µ-t‑a‑m-U‑n \‑n-c-]-c‑m-
[‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-W.‑v A-X‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑m-W.‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v
A-X‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-Å N-¦‑q-ä-a‑p-ï‑m-t‑b‑m? \-½Ä
{‑S‑w-]‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v \‑m‑w
K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v e-l-f-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã? A-t‑a-
c‑n-¡-b‑n-s‑e h‑w-i‑o-b-X-s‑b-¸-ä‑n \-½Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑n-s‑e h‑w-i‑o-b-X-s‑b-¸-ä‑n a‑n-ï‑p-
¶‑n-Ã? k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑v-¡‑v K‑w-`‑o-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b
{‑]-k-à‑n-b‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v C-¶-s‑¯ `‑q-c‑n-]-
£-h‑m-Z-s‑¯ \‑m‑w s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v C-¶‑v H-c‑p
]-Þ‑n-X³ A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b s‑h-
Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n F-s‑´-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑m \-S-¸‑p K-h¬-s‑aâ‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v kÀ-h-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-I-s‑f c-£‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡-e‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v
R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p‑w. A-e‑v-]‑w I‑q-S‑n I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑mÂ
A-a‑n-X‑v j‑m-b‑p-s‑S k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c \-b-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w
kÀ-h-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-I-s‑f c-£‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-W.‑v
G-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-S‑m-¯ H-c‑p k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w C-\‑n k‑m-[‑y-a-Ã.
\-½Ä k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑n I‑p-S‑p-§‑n-¡‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v
\-½Ä X-IÀ-t‑¡-ï‑p-¶ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X‑, `‑q-c‑n-]-£-
h‑m-Z-a‑m-b t‑k‑z-Ñ‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-]-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p `-c-W-k‑w-h‑n-
[‑m-\-a‑m-W.‑v B `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-s‑¯‑m-¼-X‑m‑w
\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e t‑]‑m-k‑n-ä‑o-h‑n-k-a‑m-W‑v NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v
B-[‑p-\‑n-I i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â a‑n-¡ B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-§-
f‑p‑w ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I `‑m-c-X-¯‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-¶‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑{‑X.
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 29
C-X‑n-e‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X t‑h- _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑p-X‑p-a‑m-X‑n-c‑n k-X‑y-§-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å
s‑d F-h‑n-s‑S I‑n-«‑m³? ]-t‑£ C-X‑n-\‑p l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P.‑v H-c‑p h-Ã‑m-¯ I-ï‑p-]‑n-S‑p-¯-a‑m-h‑p‑w
a‑p-¶‑n \-½Ä \‑n-È-Ð-c‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-¶- A-X.‑v i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú-\‑m-b F-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v t‑i-j‑m-{‑Z‑n
s‑X-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï?‑v F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-s‑¸-«-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e A-¯-c‑w H-c‑p k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w
]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑m³ B-h-i‑y-a‑m-W.‑v ]‑p-X‑p-¡‑n F-g‑p-X‑n-b H-c‑p I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v
H-c‑p {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑o-j³ k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p- a‑m-\‑n-s‑^-t‑Ì‑m‑, ]‑p-X‑p-¡‑n-s‑b-g‑p-X‑n-b H-c‑p l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-
I‑q-S‑m? A-X‑n-e‑p‑w \-¶‑m-h‑p‑w K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v c‑m-P‑v C-X‑v c-ï‑p‑w H-¶‑n-¨‑p k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p-Å
e-l-f-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p {‑S‑q-¯‑v I-½‑n-j³ k‑m-[‑y-X-IÄ H‑mÀ-¯‑p-t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I. k-I-e-X‑p‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w-
h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v F-¶‑n-«‑v A-X‑n-s‑â k-X‑y‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-S‑p‑w: i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w‑, a-X‑w‑, B-ß‑o-b-X‑, N-c‑n-{‑X‑w‑,
\-a‑p-¡‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-X-IÄ. B k‑w-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S N‑n-´-b‑n-s‑e
P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w h-c‑n-I. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v i‑m- H-c‑p ]‑p-¯³ h‑n-¹-h-¯‑n-\‑v \‑n-§Ä k‑m-£‑y‑w h-l‑n-
k‑v-{‑X‑m-\‑p-K-X‑n-b‑m-b h‑n-aÀ-i-\-c‑o-X‑n-IÄ ¡‑p‑w. k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X ^-e‑n-¡‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w‑, A-X‑n-s‑â
h-c‑n-I. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v F-k‑m³ P‑m-{‑^‑n-b‑p‑w D-X‑v-]‑m-Z-\-{‑I-a-¯‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w k-I-e-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑v ]-g-©-
a-ä‑v A-d‑p-]-s‑¯‑m-¼-X‑p t‑]-c‑p‑w F-§-s‑\ \‑m-b‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v t‑Z-i-c‑m-{‑ã-§-f‑p‑w I‑p-¯-
G-X‑m-\‑p‑w a‑n-\‑p-«‑p-IÄ-¡‑p-Å‑n s‑I‑m-¶‑v I-I-f‑p‑w \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑{‑]‑m-¸-K-ï s‑a-j‑n-\‑m-W.‑v
X-Å-s‑¸-«‑p F-¶‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑p-I. A-t‑¸‑m- H-c‑p k‑m-[‑m-c-W ]‑u-c-\‑v A-X‑n-s‑\ s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I
g‑m-W‑v BÀ.]‑n {‑i‑o-I‑p-a‑m-d‑n-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e F-¶-X‑v h-e‑n-b {‑]-b‑m-k-a‑m-W.‑v C-¡‑m-c-W‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v
H-c‑mÄ hÀ-j‑m-hÀ-j‑w Z-i-I-§-t‑f‑m-f‑w l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P‑v K‑m-Ô‑n C-¶‑n-d-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ
H-c‑p k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c `-c-W-I‑q-S-s‑¯ F-X‑nÀ- A-t‑±-l‑w F-Ã‑m {‑K‑m-a-§-f‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I-
¯‑v k-X‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n- f‑m-¡‑m³ \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑n-t‑¨-s‑\. F-Ã‑m {‑K‑m-a-§-f‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w
s‑â i-à‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-I‑p-I. k‑z-t‑Z-i‑o-b D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X
`‑q-c‑n-]-£-h‑m-Z-s‑¯ F-X‑nÀ-¯‑p t‑X‑mÂ-¸‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-
\-½Ä k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n X.‑v A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v C‑u s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑nÂ
H-c‑p Z‑z-µ-IÂ-]-\-b‑v-¡‑v X‑p-\‑n-b‑p-¶ k-µÀ- h-c‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑v A-{‑X-t‑a k-t‑´‑m-j‑w h-¶-X.‑v C-h‑n-
`-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v F-¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v C-{‑X-b‑p‑w s‑S a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑q-ä-¼-X‑p hÀ-j-s‑¯
C-h‑n-s‑S {‑]-k-à-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X.‑v a‑m-{‑X-h‑p-a-Ã‑, I‑mÂ-¸‑m-S‑p-IÄ H-¶‑n-¨‑p I-W-s‑¡-S‑p-¡‑m³ X‑p-\‑n-ª-
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y‑m-t‑a-J-e-b‑n X.‑v C-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w F-´‑p-]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w?
s‑P.k‑n t‑_‑m-k‑n-s‑\ t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å-hÀ X‑p-S- a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, F-´‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X? l-¶ B-s‑câ‑n-
§‑n-h-¨ X-¯‑z-N‑n-´‑m ]-²-X‑n-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m- s‑â h‑m-¡‑p-I-f‑n N‑n-´-b‑p-s‑S a‑r-X-X‑z‑w X‑n-·-b‑p-s‑S
«‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v I‑q-S‑n I-W-¡‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑m- X‑p-S-¡-a‑m-W.‑v H-c‑n-¡Â s‑F-I‑v-a‑m³ {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑o-I-c‑n-¨
W.‑v A-X‑m-W‑v \-½‑p-s‑S k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I ‑"a‑r-X-X‑z‑w‑' C-¶‑v {‑S-w]‑p‑w t‑a‑m-U‑n-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑o-I-c‑n-
i-à‑n. F-§‑p‑w s‑X‑m-S‑m-¯ D-]‑m-b-§Ä ¡‑p-¶‑p. i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â‑, k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y-b‑p-s‑S‑, c‑m-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v C-\‑n I‑m-c‑y-a‑n-Ã. C-X‑v \-½‑p-s‑S {‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â‑, B-i-b-§-s‑f \‑n-Ê‑m-c-h-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡-e‑m-W‑v
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-t‑¯-b‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-t‑¯-b‑p‑w C-t‑¸‑mÄ \-S-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v
H-c‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W.‑v
\‑n-§-s‑f-t‑¸‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å h‑n-a-X-c‑p-s‑S i-Ð‑w ‑"t‑]‑m-Ì‑v' F-¶ k‑w-Ú D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p h-g‑n
s‑I‑m-ï‑v \‑n-d-t‑h-t‑d-ï‑p-¶ Z‑u-X‑y‑w t‑aÂ- h‑n-¹-h-I-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p B-i-b-¡‑p-X‑n-¸‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v P-\‑w
]-d-ª s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-I-s‑f a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-s‑I‑m- s‑X-ä‑n-²-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c-h-Ø-b‑p-ï.‑v t‑]‑m-Ì‑v C³-U-k‑v-{‑S‑n
ï‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-W.‑v F-¶ h‑m-¡‑v D-ï‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v C-´‑y³ t‑Z-i‑o-b {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w
B-s‑W-t‑¶‑mÀ-¡-W‑w. B-\-µ I‑p-a‑m-c-k‑z‑m-a‑n B-b‑n-c‑p-
K‑m-Ô‑n F-´‑m-h‑p‑w C‑u k-µÀ-`-¯‑n ¶‑p B h‑m-¡‑v B-Z‑y‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-X.‑v t‑]‑m-Ì‑v F-´‑n-
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï‑m-h‑p-I? l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P‑v s‑â-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑m h‑n-¹-h-I-c-a‑m-b
\-½Ä h‑o-ï‑p‑w F-g‑p-X‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v H-c‑p B-i-b-]-c‑n-W‑m-a‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶ ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y
[-c‑n-¡‑p-I. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å l‑n- s‑X-ä‑n-²‑m-c-W \-½Ä s‑s‑I-t‑¿Â-t‑¡-ï B-h-i‑y-a‑n-Ã.
µ‑p-k‑z-c‑m-P-Ã‑, a-d‑n-¨‑v P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯
30 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
B k‑w-Ú-b‑p-s‑S B-i-b-k‑m-[‑y-X-I-s‑f H-c‑p t‑]‑m-Ì‑v t‑_‑m-
I‑v-k‑n-\‑p a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e t‑]‑m-Ì‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e I-ï‑m a-X‑n. \-a‑p-¡‑v
h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑m‑w.
\-½Ä C-¶‑v A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b {‑]-i‑v-\‑w
A-{‑I-a-a‑m-W.‑v t‑]‑m-Ì‑v þ {‑S‑q-¯‑v F-¶ B-i-b-t‑a-J-e A-{‑I-a-
¯‑n-s‑â h-enb B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-]-c-X I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W.‑v
h‑w-i-l-X‑y-I-f‑m-I-s‑«‑, kÀ-Æ-\‑m-i-a‑m-I-s‑«‑, h‑w-i-\‑m-i-a‑m-I-s‑«‑,
P-\-¡‑q-« a-d-h‑n-b‑m-I-s‑«‑, a‑m-b‑v-¨‑p I-f-b-e‑m-I-s‑«‑, BÄ-¡‑q-«
A-{‑I-a-a‑m-I-s‑« C‑u h‑n-j-b-¯‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X X‑n-I-¨‑p‑w
B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-XÂ-]-c-a‑m-W.‑v I‑m-c-W‑w A-hÀ-¡‑v A-{‑I-a-s‑¯
k‑m-[‑q-I-c‑n-¨‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑q. P-\‑m-
[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑v F-§-s‑\ C-¯-c‑w A-{‑I-a-§-s‑f s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-
f‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑p‑w? ]‑p-X‑n-b-X-c‑w "Ú‑m-\‑n-a-§Ä' \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨‑p‑w
]‑p-X‑n-b-X-c‑w I-Y ]-d-¨‑n c‑o-X‑n-IÄ A-h-e‑w-_‑n-¨‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-t‑a
A-X‑p k‑m-[‑n-¡‑q. K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b I‑m-g‑v-N-_‑w-¥‑m-h‑n \‑n-¶‑p-a‑n-d-
¡‑n c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑q. A-X‑m-W‑v t‑h-ï-X.‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n k‑z‑o-I-c-W a‑p-d‑n-b‑n t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-{‑K‑m-^‑m-b‑n C-c‑n-¡‑p-
¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v F-´‑p {‑]-t‑b‑m-P-\‑w ? A-k‑z-Ø-X-IÄ-¡‑v
X‑n-c‑n-s‑I‑m-f‑p-¯‑m³ s‑IÂ-¸‑p-Å a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w.
k‑z-b‑w P‑o-h‑n-X‑w H-c‑p ]-c‑o-£-W-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n-b-b‑m-f‑m-W.‑v
k‑z-b‑wh‑n-aÀ-i-\-¯‑n-s‑â D-¯-a D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-
l‑w. A-¯-c‑w h‑n-aÀ-i-\-§Ä B-h-i‑y-a‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w
A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-I-d‑p‑w H-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§-f‑n GÀ-s‑¸-S‑p-I-
b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-t‑e‑m \-K-c-§-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p Z-f‑n-X‑v k‑n-²‑m-´‑w cq]o-
Icn¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-t‑e‑m s‑s‑\-X‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b
k‑n-²‑m-´‑w D-s‑S-e-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑p I‑m-W‑m‑w. B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-
s‑â H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b k‑z-]\-v ‑w h‑n-S-c‑p-¶-X‑v I‑m-W‑m‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v F-¶-Ã R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p-h-c‑p-¶-
X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b ]‑p-X‑p-a‑m-X‑r-I-I-f‑n ]‑p-\-c‑m-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¡-W‑w
F-¶‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c I‑m-e-¯‑v \-½Ä ]‑p-\-c‑m-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-
t‑¡-ï-X‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-«-X‑v \-½‑p-s‑S \-K-c-§-f‑m-W.‑v
a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p-I‑m-c‑y‑w A-d‑n-h‑v \‑nÀ-½‑m-W a‑m-X‑r-I-I-f‑m-W.‑v s‑s‑\-X‑n-I-
X-b‑p-s‑S X‑m-\-§-f‑m-W.‑v A-X‑n-t‑e-¡‑m-W‑v \-½Ä D-W-t‑c-ï-X.‑v
H-c‑p k‑m-Z‑m C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v k‑w-Ú-b‑p-s‑S B-IÀ-j-W-h-e-b-¯‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v \‑m‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p-I-S-¡-W‑w. F-¶‑n-«‑v \-½‑p-s‑S `‑m-j D-]-
t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v C‑w-¥‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v F-´‑p ]-d-b‑m³ ]-ä‑n-b‑n-Ã-t‑b‑m
A-X‑v ]-d-b-W‑w. H-c‑p k-X‑y‑w k-X‑y-a‑m-h-W-s‑a-¦‑n A-X‑v
N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b-X‑v c-ï‑v `‑m-j-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-c‑o-£-W-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S I-S-¶‑p
s‑N-t‑Ã-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \-½‑p-s‑S
`‑m-j-b‑n k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§Ä X‑p-S-t‑c-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑v F-{‑X-
a‑m-{‑X‑w a‑p-t‑¼‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑v t‑\‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï.‑v
]-c‑n-`‑m-j: A-cp-¬-em-Â- -sam-tIcn-
t‑U‑m. k‑p-\‑n ]‑n. C-f-b‑n-S‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S
k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-h‑p‑w
32 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
K‑m- Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c‑w F-¶ B-i-b-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e X-s‑¶ H-c‑p s‑s‑h-c‑p-
²‑y‑w A-\‑p-h-s‑¸-S‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-X‑m-b‑n
I-c‑p-X‑n-b-X‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n I-c‑p-X‑n-b-X‑p‑w k-X‑y‑w F-¶ B-i-b-s‑¯-
b‑m-W.‑v c‑m-a-c‑m-P‑y‑w F-¶ k-¦-e‑v-]‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v h-b‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w [‑m-c‑m-f‑w
`‑n-¶‑m-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä B ]-Z-s‑¯-s‑¨‑m-Ã‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X
k-a-b-¯‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-d-ª H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w‑, "F-s‑â c‑m-a³ Z-i-c-Y-]‑p-
{‑X-\-Ã‑, A-t‑b‑m-²‑y-b‑n-s‑e c‑m-P‑m-h-Ã‑, k‑o-X‑m-]-X‑n-b-Ã. F-s‑â c‑m-a³
F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑n-s‑e k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-s‑â a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p t‑]-c‑m-W.‑v '
C-§-s‑\ A-X‑n-{‑]‑m-N‑o-\-a‑m-b H-c‑p _‑n‑w-_-s‑¯ h-f-s‑c B-[‑p-\‑n-I-
a‑m-b H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑q-e‑y-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑m-\‑p-Å A-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑m-b t‑i-j‑n
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-X‑y-k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-\‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n B
\‑n-e-b‑n [‑m-c‑m-f‑w s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-§-s‑f k‑z-b‑w t‑]-d‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p \-S-¡‑p-
I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-c-l‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨ H-c‑m-
f-Ã. N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â \-S‑p-¡‑v \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨
t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v \‑n-c-´-c‑w k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w B k‑w-h‑m-Z-k-¶-²-X-
b‑n-e‑q-s‑S k‑z-b‑w ]-c‑n-W-a‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w B ]-c‑n-W‑m-a-{‑]-
{‑I‑n-b-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v X-s‑â k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-c‑v I‑p-S‑n-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶-X‑v
F-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v
N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â `‑n-¶ Ø‑m-\-§-f‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑p
I‑m-W‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑a‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. C-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑p-¶ H-c‑p
I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v h-f-s‑c {‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-
s‑â \‑n-c‑o-£-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑n X‑m³ H-c‑p h‑n-j-b-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v
A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n H-S‑p-h‑n ]-d-ª A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-
t‑a X-t‑â-X‑m-b‑n I-c‑p-t‑X-ï-X‑p-Å‑q F-¶‑v ]-d-ª-X.‑v A-X‑n-\À-°‑w
H-S‑p-h‑n ]-d-ª-X‑p‑w H-c‑p-]-s‑£ a‑m-\‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑m-W.‑v I‑m-c-
W‑w ]-¯‑p hÀ-j-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n A-t‑±-l‑w
X-s‑¶-¯-s‑¶ h‑o-ï‑p‑w X‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-t‑b-s‑\. A-§-s‑\ X‑n-c‑p-¯‑m-\‑p-Å
H-c‑p k-¶-²-X-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-X-ZÀ-i-\-¯‑n-e‑p-ï.‑v A-t‑±-l-
¯‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-h‑p‑w a-X-h‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å [‑m-c-W-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ C‑u
X‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑p-IÄ \-a‑p-¡‑v [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n-s‑e s‑s‑h-c‑p-
²‑y-§Ä C-¶‑v h-f-s‑c I‑q-S‑p-X s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
a‑q-t‑¶‑m \‑m-t‑e‑m hÀ-j‑w a‑p³-]‑v k‑u-X‑v B-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-a-I-f‑n H-¶‑v X-IÀ-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w hÀ-
®-s‑h-d‑n-s‑b ]‑n³-´‑p-W-¨ B-f‑m-W‑v F-¶ t‑]-c‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X.‑v
]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v L‑m-\-b‑n-s‑e kÀ-h-I-e‑m-i‑m-e A-t‑±-
l‑w Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨ I‑m-e-¯‑v h‑w-i‑o-b-X-s‑b-b‑p‑w hÀ-
W-s‑h-d‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-W-¨ H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v B-t‑c‑m-]‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-a F-S‑p-¯‑pa‑m-ä‑p-I X-s‑¶ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. 2016t‑e‑m
a-t‑ä‑m A-h‑n-s‑S D-bÀ-¶ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b I‑y‑m-¼-b‑n-s‑â i‑oÀ-j-I‑w "K‑m-Ô‑n
a-Ì‑v ^‑mÄ' F-¶‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n \‑n-e‑w s‑]‑m-t‑¯-ï-X‑p-ï‑v F-¶ l‑m-
j‑v S‑m-t‑K‑m-s‑S h-e‑n-b H-c‑p t‑k‑m-j‑y a‑o-U‑n-b‑m I‑y‑m-¼-b‑v-³ X-s‑¶
A-h‑n-s‑S \-S-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b-t‑{‑X.
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 33
D-¯-a-\‑m-b l‑n-µ‑p F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n 1869Â P-\‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ]-s‑¯‑m³-]-X‑m‑w h-b-
k‑z-b‑w A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-« Ê‑nÂ‑, X-s‑â h‑o-S‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑v, X-s‑â \‑m-S‑n-\‑p
A-]‑qÀ-h‑w B-f‑p-I-f‑n ]‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑v, B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v C‑w-¥-ï‑n-t‑e-
H-c‑m-f‑m-b K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b- ¡‑m-W.‑v A-h‑n-s‑S h-¨‑v B-t‑d-g‑v hÀ-j‑w A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
b‑m-W‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-X-s‑¯ `‑y‑m-k‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p. A-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑p ]‑n-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l‑w
B-I-a‑m-\‑w P‑oÀ-W‑n- Z-£‑n-W‑m-{‑^‑n-¡-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w 1893a‑p-XÂ
¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w C³-U‑y-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p a-S-§‑p-¶ 1914 h-s‑c-b‑p-Å Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-
l‑n-µ‑p i-à‑n-s‑b e‑w A-h‑n-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-
£-b‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w ¡‑p-d‑n-s‑¨-g‑p-X‑n-b I‑p-d‑n-¸‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑n H-c‑p k‑m-a‑q-l‑y
l‑n-µ‑p a-X-s‑¯ Z‑pÀ-_- N‑n-´-I³ N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-W‑n-¨ I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w‑,
e-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w X-s‑â \‑m-e‑v-]-¯‑n-b-©‑m-a-s‑¯ h-b-Ê‑p h-s‑c K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
B-t‑c‑m-]‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m@‑v H-c‑p IÀ-j-I-t‑\‑m-t‑S‑m s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑m-t‑S‑m k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k s‑h-S‑n h-¨‑p ¨‑n-«‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-W.‑v C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e H-c‑p IÀ-j-I-t‑\‑m-t‑S‑m
s‑I‑m-Ã‑p-¶-X‑.v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑m-t‑S‑m \‑m-e‑v-]-¯‑n-b-©‑p h-b-Ê‑p-h-s‑c
k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v C‑u IÀ-j-I-s‑c-b‑p‑w
s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b {‑]-{‑I‑n-b-
b‑p-s‑S t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n-b-X‑v F-¶-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n \‑m‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶ {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-a‑m-W.‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b hÀ-W-s‑h-d‑n-b-\‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ A-t‑X
I‑y‑m-¼-b‑v-³ \-S-¡‑p-¶ A-t‑X Ø-e-¯‑v s‑\Â-k¬
a-t‑ï-e I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n hÀ-W-s‑h-d‑n-s‑¡-
X‑n-c‑m-b {‑]-X‑o-I-s‑a-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. "The best hope for
future race relations' F-¶‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª-X.‑v C-\‑n h-c‑m-\‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ hÀ-®
_-Ô-§Ä-¡‑p-Å G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]-X‑y‑m-i‑m-`-c‑n-X-a‑m-b a‑p-J‑w
H-c‑p-]-s‑£ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-W.‑v s‑\Â-k¬ a-t‑ï-
e-b‑v-¡‑p a‑p³-]‑v a‑mÀ-«‑n³ e‑q-XÀ I‑n‑w-K‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯
H-c‑p B-Z-c-a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-b‑n I-ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑p‑w a‑p³-
]‑p X-s‑¶ t‑e‑m-I-s‑a-¼‑m-S‑p-a‑p-Å hÀ-W-h‑n-t‑h-N-\-¯‑n-\‑v
F-X‑n-c‑m-b [‑m-c‑m-f‑w t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-IÄ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b H-c‑p
a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. A-h‑n-s‑S c-ï-ä-§-
f‑n-e‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
C-´‑y-b‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑n-X‑v I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w.
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k‑z-b‑w I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v X‑m³ H-c‑p D-¯-
a-\‑m-b l‑n-µ‑p-h‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-W.‑v D-¯-a-\‑m-b l‑n-µ‑p-h‑m-
b-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v X‑m³ D-¯-a-\‑m-b a‑p-kÂ-a‑m-\‑p-a‑m-W‑v,
D-¯-a-\‑m-b {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y‑m-\‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v A-§-s‑\ D-¯-a-\‑m-b l‑n-µ‑p F-¶‑v
k‑z-b‑w A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-« A-]‑qÀ-h‑w B-f‑p-I-f‑n H-c‑m-
f‑m-b K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-X-s‑¯ B-I-a‑m-\‑w
P‑oÀ-W‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w l‑n-µ‑p i-à‑n-s‑b £-b‑n-¸‑n-
¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w l‑n-µ‑p a-X-s‑¯ Z‑pÀ-_-e-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p
F-¶‑p‑w B-t‑c‑m-]‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k s‑h-S‑n h-¨‑p
34 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
s‑I‑m-Ã‑p-¶-X.‑v k‑n‑w-e t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n-s‑e h‑n-N‑m-c-W‑m-t‑h-f- A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b \‑n-i‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n
b‑n t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k \-S-¯‑p-¶ h-e‑n-b {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\-b‑n h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n P‑m-X‑n-s‑b a-\-
A-t‑±-l‑w C‑u I‑m-c‑y-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v K‑m- Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-¯ H-c‑m-s‑f-¶‑p A‑w-t‑_-Z‑v-IÀ
Ô‑n-P‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑p-Å h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b h‑n-t‑Z‑z-j-a-Ã C-X‑n-\‑p B-t‑c‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v C‑u K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑m-W‑v
]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e I‑m-c-W‑w F-¶‑p‑w a-d‑n-¨‑v A-t‑±-l‑w l‑n-µ‑p A-b‑n-t‑¯‑m-¨‑m-S-\-s‑¯ 1930\‑v t‑i-j‑w
a-X-¯‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å {‑]-X‑n-{‑I‑n-b-b‑m-b‑n-«‑m- H-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-t‑a-b-a‑m-¡‑n
W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b X‑m³ s‑I‑m-e-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v F-¶‑p‑w a‑m-ä‑n-b-X‑v F-¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v H‑mÀ-½‑n-
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-I-s‑« K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑q-ä-¼-X‑m‑w ¡‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W.‑v CÀ-^‑m³ l-_‑o-_‑v
P-·-h‑mÀ-j‑n-I‑w B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w F-Ã‑m F‑w- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-s‑¨-g‑p-X‑n-b k‑m-a‑m-\‑y‑w
]‑n-a‑m-c‑p‑w k‑z-´‑w ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑v a-Þ-e-¯‑n ]-Z-b‑m-{‑X Z‑oÀ-L-a‑m-b {‑]-_-Ô-¯‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶
\-S-¯-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-§-s‑\ I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑p-ï.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v a‑p³-]‑v A-t‑±-l‑w k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S N‑n-{‑X- P‑n 1914  C-´‑y-b‑n h-c‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v
¯‑n ]‑p-j‑v-]‑m-R‑v-P-e‑n AÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v A-b‑n-¯‑m-N-c-W‑w F-¶-X‑v l‑n-µ‑p a-X-¯‑n-
\-a‑p-¡‑v I‑m-W‑m‑w. s‑e k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-
W‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
H-cÀ-°-¯‑n k-X‑y‑m-\-´- a-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w A-b‑n-¯‑w F-¶-X‑v
c-¯‑n-s‑â \-Ã H-c‑p N‑n-{‑X‑w l‑n-µ‑p a-X-¯‑n-s‑e H-c‑p I-f-¦-a‑m-b‑n B-f‑p-
\-½‑p-s‑S ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑v B-b‑n-c‑n- IÄ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
¡‑p‑w. ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑n-s‑â s‑k³- c-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑w hÀ-j-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ H-c‑p {‑]-t‑b‑m-
{‑S l‑m-f‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S K-s‑¯ F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-e-X‑n-
N‑n-{‑X-a‑p-ï.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S c‑n-¨‑n-«-X‑v F-¶-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v CÀ-^‑m³
N‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-\‑v G-X‑m-ï‑v a-d‑p- l-_‑o-_‑v h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-
]‑p-d-¯‑m-b‑n-«‑v k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S P‑n F-¶ ]‑m-c-t‑U‑m-I‑v-k‑n-\‑p-Å a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p
N‑n-{‑X-h‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v k-hÀ-¡-d‑p-s‑S D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W-X‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑p-¶-X.‑v
N‑n-{‑X‑w A-\‑m-h-c-W‑w s‑N-b‑v- CÀ-^‑m³ B t‑e-J-\‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
X-X‑v ]-g-b {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W.‑v
h‑m-P‑v-t‑]-b‑v B-W.‑v A-¶‑v X-s‑â A-ѳ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-e‑n-b
H-c‑p ]-{‑X-t‑e-J-I³ F-g‑p-X‑n- H-c‑p h‑n-aÀ-i-I-\-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v CÀ-^‑m³
b-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑v ]‑p-d‑w-X‑n-c‑n- ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. s‑{‑]‑m-^ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l-_‑o-_‑v
ª‑p \‑n-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï-Ã‑m-s‑X h-e‑n-b N-c‑n-{‑X ]-Þ‑n-X-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
\‑n-§Ä-¡‑p k-hÀ-¡-s‑d h-W-§‑m-\‑m-h‑n-à F-¶‑m-W.‑v B-Z‑y L-«-¯‑n C-´‑y‑m-N-c‑n-{‑X-s‑a-g‑p-X‑n-b
C-X‑v b‑m-Z‑r-Ñ‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n h-¶-X‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- B-f‑p-I-f‑n H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v s‑{‑]‑m-^ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v
¡‑v ]‑p-d‑w-X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p \‑n-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï-Ã‑m-s‑X k-hÀ-¡-s‑d l-_‑o-_.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-
h‑W§‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑v h‑m-k‑v-X-h-a‑m-W.‑v a-Ã‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-ZÀ-i-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
h‑n-aÀ-i-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-s‑£ a-l‑m-ß‑m
K‑m-Ô‑n-h-[-¯‑n-s‑e B-d‑m‑w {‑]-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n ]-«‑n-I-b‑n F-¶-Ã‑m-s‑X K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑m³
t‑NÀ-¡-s‑¸-«‑, I-]‑qÀ I-½‑o-j³ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v K‑m-Ô‑n h-[- A-t‑±-l‑w a-¡-s‑f H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w A-\‑p-h-
s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ K‑m-Ô‑n h-[‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v Z‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. C‑u s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y‑w X-s‑¶
t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k B-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â A-´-c‑o-£‑w c‑q- h-Ã‑m-s‑X B-IÀ-j‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v B
]-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v l‑n-µ‑p-X‑z‑w F-¶ B-i-b-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w {‑]-_-Ô-¯‑n-s‑â X‑p-S-¡-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶
A-X‑n-s‑â D-Û-h Ø‑m-\‑w k-hÀ-¡-d-W‑v F-¶‑p‑w N‑q-ï‑n- CÀ-^‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
¡‑m-W‑n-¨ C‑u k-hÀ-¡-s‑d h-W-§‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S H‑mÀ-a-b‑v-¡‑m-b‑n ]-Z-b‑m-{‑X \-S-¯‑m³ F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v H-c‑p \‑n-i‑n-X-h‑n-aÀ-i-I-
]‑p-d-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-k-µÀ-`‑w C-´‑y-b‑n \-a‑p- \‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b t‑]-s‑c-S‑p-¯‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m³
¡‑n-¶‑p I‑m-W‑p-h‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w. ]-ä‑m-¯-X?‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b a-l‑m-ß‑m F-¶‑v
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 35
B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨ S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ X-s‑¶ K‑m- s‑¯-b‑p‑w hÀ-W-h‑w-i-_-Ô-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n
Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-aÀ-i-I-c‑n H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¨‑m K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n [‑m-c‑m-f‑w s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-
S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-¨ F-Ã‑m §Ä D-s‑ï-¶‑p‑w h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b ]-e \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ
B-i-b-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¨ B-f‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p-s‑ï-¶‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m³
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-ZÀ-i-\‑w‑, K‑m- ]-ä‑p‑w. B \‑n-e-b‑n t‑]‑m-Ì‑v {‑S‑q-X‑v F-¶ B-i-b-
Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S I-e‑m-k-¦Â-]‑w‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n- ¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b I‑q-«‑n-h‑n-f-¡‑m-\‑p-Å [‑m-c‑m-f‑w k‑m-
b‑p-s‑S t‑Z-i-c‑m-{‑ã-k-¦-e‑v-]‑w‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-Pn- [‑y-X-I-f‑p-ï.‑v 1906Â X-t‑±-i‑o-b-c‑m-b t‑K‑m-{‑X-P-\-X-b‑p‑w
b‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑n h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w X-½‑n \-S-¶ h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p k‑w-LÀ-
B-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y‑w A-§-s‑\ a‑n-¡-X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w j-¯‑n t‑K‑m-{‑X-P-\-X-b‑v-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S
S‑m-t‑K‑m-d‑n-\‑v h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑m-W‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- s‑s‑k-\‑n-I k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â k-l‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-
¶-X.‑v t‑Z-i‑o-b-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-s‑¡ S‑m-t‑K‑mÀ P‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ I‑m-c‑y‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â P‑o-h-N-c‑n-{‑X‑w
\-¶‑m-b‑n C-S-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨‑m \-a‑p-¡-d‑n-b‑m³ ]-ä‑p‑w. H-¶‑m‑w t‑e‑m-I a-l‑m-
b‑p-²-I‑m-e-¯‑v I-g‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶-{‑X b‑p-h‑m-¡Ä {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
C-X‑v C-S-X‑p-]-£-s‑¯ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑p‑w s‑s‑k-\‑y-¯‑n A‑w-K-a‑m-b‑n t‑N-c-W‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
]-d-b‑m‑w. F‑w F³ t‑d‑m-b‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-
s‑b {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â N‑m-
c-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑n-t‑eÀ-s‑¸-« H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v
I-ï-X.‑v G-s‑d-¡‑p-s‑d C‑u [‑m-c-W-b‑n-
e‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å B-Z‑y-I‑m-e
a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-Ì‑v h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑p-I-s‑f‑m-s‑¡-
b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p-Å-X.‑v ]-s‑£ k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e-
t‑¯-s‑¡-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a‑m-ä-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶‑p-
ï.‑v CÀ-^‑m³ l-_‑o-_‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b
_‑qÀ-j‑z‑m N‑n-´-I-s‑\-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡-t‑W‑m
F-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w D-bÀ-¯‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v a‑q-e-[-
\-¯‑n a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑v X-\‑n-¡‑v B-Z-c-h‑p-Å
_‑qÀ-j‑z‑m N‑n-´-I-s‑c-¸-ä‑n-b‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú-s‑c-¸-ä‑n-b‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑,
¢‑m-k‑n-¡Â F-¡-t‑W‑m-a‑n-Ìv F-¶ h‑m-
¡‑m-W‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w
X-\‑n-¡‑v t‑Z-j‑y-a‑p-Å-h-s‑c A-Y-h‑m h‑n-
aÀ-i-\-a‑p-Å-h-s‑c-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑m-
g‑m-W‑v _‑qÀ-j‑z‑m k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I N‑n-´-IÀ
F-¶ ]-Z‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v
CÀ-^‑m³ l-_‑o-_‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v K‑m-
Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b _‑qÀ-j‑z F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-
X‑n k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-a‑m-b‑n s‑X-s‑ä‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã
F-¶‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. _‑qÀ-j‑z
F-¶ k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-\-¸‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-
P‑n-b‑p-s‑S b‑m-{‑X-I-f‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v CÀ-^‑m³
l-_‑n-t‑\-b‑p‑w {‑]-`‑m-X‑v ]-S‑v-\‑m-b‑n-¡‑n-t‑\-
b‑p‑w A-I‑o _‑nÂ-{‑K‑m-a‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w t‑]‑m-
e‑p-Å B-f‑p-IÄ a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â
b‑p-à‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S X-s‑¶ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³
{‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v a-X-s‑¯-b‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-
36 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
B-l‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-§-s‑\ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n H-s‑c‑m-ä Z‑n-h-k-t‑¯-
P‑o-h-N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e ]-e k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n N‑n-e-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w ¡‑v C‑u c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â kÀ-Æ‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-
s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-\‑p- b‑m-b‑m X‑m³ s‑N-¿‑p-¶ B-Z‑y-s‑¯
I‑q-e‑n-b‑m-t‑b‑m hÀ-W-s‑h-d‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-b‑m-t‑b‑m I‑m-c‑y‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-s‑¯ a-X-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v
P‑m-X‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑â h-à‑m-h‑m-t‑b‑m k-hÀ-W-X-b‑p-s‑S ]‑qÀ-W-a‑m-b‑n t‑hÀ-s‑]-S‑p-¯-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w
{‑]-X‑o-I-a‑m-t‑b‑m {‑]-X‑n-jT‑v ‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W.‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v a-X-c-l‑n-X-a‑m-b c‑m-
{‑ã‑o-b‑w A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-W;‑v H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S a-X‑w
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p N‑n-´-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑m X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S c‑m-{‑ã-t‑_‑m-[‑w
H-c‑p s‑{‑]‑m-^-j-WÂ N‑n-´-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. s‑{‑]‑m-^-j- F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡-¸-d-ª K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n C-§-s‑\
WÂ N‑n-´-I-c‑p-s‑S H-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\‑w A-hÀ-¡‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S ]-d-b‑p-s‑a-¶‑v \‑m‑w {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã.
N‑n-´-s‑b D-Z‑v-{‑K-Y‑n-X-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-c-l‑n-X-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e- a‑p³-I‑q-d‑m-b‑n {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-« h-g‑n-b‑n-e‑q-
\‑nÀ-¯‑m³ D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-a‑p-ï‑v F-¶-X‑m-W.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n s‑S k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b-Ã K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-
H-c‑p h-g‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑m-W‑v {‑i-a‑n-¨-X.‑v F-¶‑m X‑v F-¶À-°‑w. C-´‑y‑m N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑â
k‑p-N‑n-´‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-h-N‑n-¡-s‑¸-« H-t‑c X-¯‑z-§-f‑n \-S‑p-h‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-t‑±-l‑w k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
X‑p-S-§‑n B X-¯‑z-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S \‑n-c-´-c-a‑m-b‑n A-h-k‑m- H‑m-t‑c‑m L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m \‑n-a‑n-j-¯‑n-
\‑w h-s‑c k-©-c‑n-¨ H-c‑m-f‑p-a-Ã. a-X-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å e‑p‑w X-\‑n-¡‑v a‑p³-]‑n s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p-h-c‑p-¶
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y-I‑m-e A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w C-¶‑v l‑n-µ‑p- b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-
X‑z‑w h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑n D-²-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§-f‑n ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w C‑u k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-s‑f B-I-a‑m-
H-¶‑m-W.‑v a-X-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w A-[‑mÀ-½‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n- \‑w t‑NÀ-¯‑v H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-ZÀ-i-\-a‑m-¡‑n
¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â [‑mÀ-a‑n-I A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\‑w a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑m‑w. B
a-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n 1920 I-f‑n ]-d-b‑p- P‑o-h‑n-X-ZÀ-i-\-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-X-e‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v
¶‑p-ï.‑v C‑u [‑mÀ-a‑n-I A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\‑w a-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-a‑m-b‑n A-h-X-c‑n-
F-¶‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v C‑u [‑mÀ-a‑n-I-X-b‑m-W‑v a-X-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ- ¸‑n-¨-X.‑v B k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n \‑n-Ý-
¯‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v F-¶‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-d-ª‑p. a-X-¯‑n-s‑â b-a‑m-b‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S B-[‑p-\‑n-I \‑m-K-c‑n-I-
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\‑w [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X-b‑m-h-W‑w F-¶-X‑n \‑n-¶‑v X-t‑b‑m-S‑p-Å B-g-t‑a-d‑n-b h‑n-aÀ-i-\-a‑p-ï‑v
[‑mÀ-a‑n-I-X-s‑b a-X-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-{‑I‑n-b K‑m- F-¶-X‑m-W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« I‑m-c‑y‑w.
Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S D-Å‑n \-S-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑m-WÀ-°‑w.
C‑u a‑m-ä-¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑p-¯ ]-S-h‑n N-c‑n-{‑X‑w B-h- t‑]‑m-Ì‑v {‑S‑q-X‑v F-¶-X‑v h‑m-k‑v-X-h-¯‑nÂ
i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-µÀ-`‑w F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n k‑z-´‑w ]‑p-X‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p h‑m-¡‑m-W‑v, ]-s‑£ A-s‑X‑m-
c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b I‑m-c‑y-a-Ã.
\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑n-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w t‑h-W-s‑a-¦‑n A-X‑y-´‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-
s‑s‑I-s‑b‑m-g‑n-b‑m³ k-¶-²-\‑m-b‑n K‑m- h‑n-c‑p-²-t‑a‑m N-c‑n-{‑X
Ô‑n-P‑n 1947þ48 L-«-¯‑n F-S‑p- h‑n-c‑p-²-t‑a‑m B-b
¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-ï.‑v 47s‑â H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-{‑I-
A-h-k‑m-\-t‑a‑m a-t‑ä‑m H-c‑p {‑I‑n-k‑v- a-s‑¯ k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-
X‑y³ a‑n-j-\-d‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑n-b
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 37
a‑m-b H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-{‑I-a-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n-s‑¨-S‑p- A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ a‑q-e‑y-§Ä ]‑p-d-s‑a \‑n-¶‑v A-S‑n-
¯‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v h‑m-k‑v-X-h-¯‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-I t‑¨-e‑v-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-t‑X‑m _-e-{‑]-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S
\‑m-K-c‑n-I-X \‑n-e-h‑n h-¶-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-I k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-S-¯‑n h‑n-«-t‑X‑m
B-[‑p-\‑n-I \‑m-K-c‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ A-Ã. A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« B-i-
L-S-I-§-s‑f \-¶‑m-b‑n h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¨ H-c‑m-f‑m-W.‑v b-§-f‑n H-¶‑v A-t‑U‑m-t‑W‑m A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-a-I‑m-e‑n-I {‑]-k-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶
I‑m-c-W-h‑p‑w A-X‑m-W.‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-K-a- H-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\ \‑n-c‑o-£-W‑w C‑u B-[‑p-\‑n-I
\-§Ä ]-e-X‑p‑w s‑X-ä‑m-W.‑v _‑n-l‑m-d‑n-s‑e `‑q-I- a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-\‑p-Å‑n X-s‑¶
¼‑w A-b‑n-¯‑m-N-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â s‑s‑Z-h-i‑n-£-b‑m- ^‑m-k‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â _‑o-P-c‑q-]-§Ä D-ï‑v
s‑W-¶-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P‑n F-¶‑m-W.‑v A-t‑U‑m-t‑W‑m-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p s‑s‑i-e‑n
B-k‑m-a‑n-s‑e P-\-§Ä ]‑n-S‑n- I-S-s‑a-S‑p-¯‑m ‑"Exclusion and
¨‑p-]-d‑n-¡‑m-c‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m- anhilation of the other.‑' A-]-
b-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑n a‑m-¸‑v H-c‑p {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑y³ c-¯‑n-s‑â h-I-ª‑p-a‑m-ä-e‑p‑w
]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑n-j-\-d‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-]-c-¯‑n-s‑â l-X‑y-b‑p-a‑m-
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑n s‑X-ä‑p I-s‑ï- \-S-¯‑n-b k‑w-`‑m-j- W‑v B-ß-¯‑n-s‑â k‑w-Ø‑m-
¯‑m³ H-c‑p {‑]-b‑m-k-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. W-¯‑n H-s‑c‑m-ä ]-\-b‑p-à‑n-b‑m-b‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-
Z‑n-h-k-t‑¯-¡‑v I-X-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨-X.‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n P‑o-h‑n-X‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ C‑u c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-§Ä H-c‑p ]‑p-c‑p-j-\‑m-b‑n
\‑n-c-´-c‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-\‑n-c-X- kÀ-Æ‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑m- X‑o-c‑p-¶-X‑v \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-I‑r-
\‑m-I-b‑m [‑m-c‑m-f‑w s‑X-ä‑p-IÄ X-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v k‑v-{‑X‑ok-l-P‑w
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n I-s‑ï-¯‑m³ b‑m X‑m³ F-¶‑v I-c‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ F-Ã‑m-
]-ä‑p‑w. B s‑X-ä‑p-I-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ ¯‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-
I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¯‑m \‑m-t‑e‑m B-Z‑y-s‑¯ I‑m-c‑y‑w g‑m-W.‑v k‑v-s‑s‑{‑X-W‑w F-¶‑v h‑n-
A-t‑©‑m t‑h‑m-f‑y-a‑p-Å H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-s‑¯ a-X- t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-« A‑w-i-§Ä
{‑K-Ù-s‑a-g‑p-X‑m³ H-c‑p {‑]-b‑m-k- ¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]‑qÀ- F-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f‑w {‑]-I‑r-X-¯‑nÂ
h‑p-a‑n-Ã. C‑u A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑n W-a‑m-b‑n t‑hÀ-s‑]- I-e-c‑p-t‑¶‑m A-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f‑w
\‑n-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n- S‑p-¯-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w \-½-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ I‑p-d-ª ]‑p-c‑p-
s‑b-S‑p-¯ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b F-¶‑v Km-Ôn-Pn- j-·‑m-c‑m-b‑n¯‑o-c‑p‑w. A-X‑p-
N‑n-e t‑_‑m-²‑y-§-f‑p-ï.‑v A-X‑n- ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p@‑.v s‑I‑m-ï‑v ]‑p-c‑p-j-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â
s‑e‑m-¶‑v B-[‑p-\‑n-I k-a‑q-l- a‑m-\-Z-Þ‑w k‑v-{‑X‑o-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â
¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-L-S-I- k-¼‑qÀ-W \‑n-t‑j-[-a‑m-W.‑v
§-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å h‑n-aÀ-i-\-a‑m-W.‑v C-X‑m-W‑v "Exclusion and the
F-´‑m-W‑v C‑u B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X anihilation of the other.‑'
P³-a‑w \Â-I‑n-b A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\
L-S-I-§Ä F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑m H-c‑mÄ A-b‑m-f‑m-b‑n¯‑o-c‑p-¶-
H-¶‑v B-[‑p-\‑n-I-h‑y-à‑n F-¶ X‑v A-b‑m-f‑p-t‑S-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b
k-¦Â-¸‑w X-s‑¶. B h‑y-à‑n-b‑p‑w B h‑y-à‑n- k-¯-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v k‑w-{‑K-l‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W.‑v
b‑p-s‑S X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å s‑s‑h-c‑p- A-b‑m-f‑p-t‑S-X-Ã‑m-¯ F-Ã‑m-¯‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w F-e‑n-
[‑y-§-f‑p‑w A-h-b‑p‑w `-c-W-I‑q-S-h‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å a‑n-t‑\-ä‑v s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W.‑v A-]-c‑w F-¶-X‑v
s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-h‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p i-{‑X‑p-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v k-¦-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-
F-X‑n-s‑c \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ k‑z-b‑w t‑{‑]-c‑n-X-a‑m-b I-b‑p‑w B i-{‑X‑p-Ø‑m-\‑w I‑q-S‑n-¡-e-c‑p-¶-X‑n-
H-c‑p k-µÀ-`-s‑¯ B-[‑p-\‑n-I k-a‑q-l‑w a‑p³- e‑q-s‑S k‑z-X‑z-]-Z-h‑n A-i‑p-²-a‑m-b‑n¯‑o-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w
t‑]‑m-«‑v h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v C-X‑n-s‑\ \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑m- s‑N-¿-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k‑z-X‑z-i‑p-²‑n A-Y-h‑m
\‑m-b‑n `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w F-¶ t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m-«-¡‑m-c-s‑\- B-[‑p-\‑n-I-a‑m-b B-ß‑w F-¶-X‑v C‑u I-eÀ-
b‑p‑w N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v ^‑m-k‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â ¸‑n-Ã‑m-¯ t‑I-h-e-X-b‑m-W.‑v B-[‑p-\‑n-I-a‑m-b
38 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
a-\‑p-j‑y-k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n \‑n-e‑o-\-a‑m-b l‑n‑w-k-b‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b X-e-¯‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w
A-t‑U‑m-t‑W‑m k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑p-¶ c‑m-{‑ã-§Ä k‑w-i-b-t‑a-
C‑u B-i-b-s‑¯ H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-t‑b‑m-K-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n- X‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X kÀ-Æ‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y c‑m-{‑ã-§-f‑m-
b‑m A-X‑v ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v c‑m-{‑ã-a‑m-b‑n¯‑o-c‑p‑w F-¶‑m-W.‑v b‑n a‑m-d‑p‑w F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n 1930I-f‑nÂ
B-[‑p-\‑n-I h‑y-à‑n-k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-e‑p-Å A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]- ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-
c-a‑m-b H-c‑p s‑s‑h-c‑p-[‑y-a‑m-W‑n-X.‑v C‑u s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-s‑¯ ¨‑p-Å \-½‑p-s‑S k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-\-I-¯‑p-Å
X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n. H-c‑p A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑v-¡‑v A-I-¯‑p h‑n-I-k‑n-¨‑p h-¶ h‑y-à‑n- K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D‑u-¶‑n-b-X.‑v ]-¦‑p-h-b‑v-]‑p-I-f‑n-
k-¦-e‑v-]-h‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â `-c-W-I‑q-S-k-¦-e‑v-]-h‑p‑w A-S‑n- e‑q-s‑S‑, A-]-c-X‑z-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å h‑n-\‑n-a-b-¯‑n-
Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b H-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. e‑q-s‑S‑, ]-c‑n-X‑y‑m-K-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n
C‑u a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑n-c‑p-²-X-s‑b B-g-¯‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑p a-s‑ä‑m-c‑m-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n D-ï‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶
h‑n-\‑n-a-b-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S \‑n-e-h‑n h-c‑p-¶
F-¶-X‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b k-a-I‑m-e‑n-I-\‑m-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p H-¶-Ã B-[‑p-\‑n-I P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
L-S-I‑w. \-½‑p-s‑S P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w k-a-{‑K‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-t‑e- A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\‑w F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-
¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v 1920 I-f‑n-s‑e‑m- P‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\‑w. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
s‑¡-b‑m-W.‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑m-I‑y‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n H-c‑p h-e‑n-b s‑]‑m-f‑n-ä‑n-¡Â
C-X‑m-W‑v : "The states that are today democratic will ^‑n-t‑e‑m-k-^-d‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v
become totalitarian.' C-¶‑v {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n A-s‑Ã-¦‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶-X.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-¯‑z-N‑n-´-b‑p-s‑S
`‑m-j-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-Ã. ]-s‑£ B-[‑p-
\‑n-I c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-{‑I‑n-b-b‑p-s‑S B-g-t‑a-d‑n-b
s‑s‑h-c‑p-²‑y-s‑¯ A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑m-s‑X
t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l‑w P-\‑m-
[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯ I-ï-X‑v Age of awakening
of the poorest of the poor F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-
e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-Ã‑m-s‑X `‑q-c‑n-]-£-l‑n-X‑w
F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-e-Ã. `‑q-c‑n-]-£-l‑n-X-t‑¯‑m-
s‑S X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶ `-c-W-{‑]-{‑I‑n-b F-¶
\‑n-e-b‑n-e‑p-a-Ã. \‑n-§Ä I-ï-X‑n h-¨‑p
Z-c‑n-{‑Z-c‑n Z-c‑n-{‑Z-c‑m-b H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v K‑p-W-
a‑m-b‑n X‑o-c‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w. C-X‑v
h‑m-k‑v-X-h-¯‑n ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y
k-¦-e‑v-]‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-¨ L-S-\-s‑b-¡‑p-
d‑n-¨‑p-Å h-f-s‑c a‑u-e‑n-I-a‑m-b H-c‑p h‑n-aÀ-
i-\-a‑m-W.‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-I h‑y-à‑n-k-¦-e‑v-]-
t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã-k-¦-e‑v-]-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w k-a‑q-l
k-¦-e‑v-]-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w DÂ-]‑m-Z-\ h‑y-h-Ø
F-¶-\‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m³
{‑i-a‑n-¨ a-X-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w \‑n-i‑n-X-a‑m-b
h‑n-aÀ-i-\-§Ä ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n F-¶-X‑m-W‑v
C-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑m-
Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-k-à‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b
]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-jT‑v ‑n-¡‑p-¶ X-e‑w B-[‑p-
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 39
\‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S F-X‑n-c‑m-f‑n-b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-W.‑v h‑m-k‑v- ]-s‑¯‑m³-]-X‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e h‑y‑m-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-t‑a-J-e
X-h-¯‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-S‑n-b I‑p-X‑n-¸‑p-IÄ I‑q-S‑n t‑NÀ-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S B-[‑p-\‑n-I-
F-X‑n-c‑m-f‑n-b‑m-t‑W‑m B-[‑p-\‑n-I-a‑m-b a‑q-e‑y- X-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑m-e k-¦-e‑v-]-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ A-X‑n A-e‑n-
§Ä DÄ-s‑¡‑m-ï H-c‑m-f‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶-X‑v ª‑n-Ã‑m-X‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. k‑mÀ-Æ-e‑u-I‑n-I-X F-¶‑v
B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-t‑¡-ï H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W.‑v ]-d-ª‑n-«‑v A-hÀ \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f‑m-W‑n-b-e‑n-
k-a‑m-W.‑v k‑mÀ-Æ-t‑Z-i‑o-b a-\‑p-j‑y³ F-¶‑v ]-d-s‑ª-
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-s‑b H-ä-¡-Ã‑n s‑I‑m-¯‑n-s‑b- ¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-b-X‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â kÀ-Æ‑m-
S‑p-¯ H-c‑p i‑n-e‑v-]-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m-t‑a‑m F-¶ [‑n-]-X‑y-a‑m-W.‑v k‑z-¯-h-I‑m-i‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-s‑ª-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑p-ï.‑v N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n \-S-¶-X‑v {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-¡‑p-t‑a-e‑p-Å h-e‑n-b I-t‑¿-ä-§-f‑m-W.‑v
A-X‑n-s‑â \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¸‑n-\‑v `‑n-¶-a‑m-\-§Ä C-§-s‑\ B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S D-Å‑n-s‑e C‑u s‑s‑h-c‑p-
H-¶‑p‑w D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-t‑Ã? B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑p- ²‑y-s‑¯ s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n-«-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w k‑n-²‑m-´-¯‑n-
s‑S P-\-\ k-µÀ-`-¯‑n A-X‑v a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v s‑â ]-Z-h-e‑n-IÄ s‑I‑m-ï-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-`‑n-k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\
h-b‑v-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨ k‑mÀ-Æ-e‑u-I‑n-I-X‑m-k- s‑N-b‑v-X H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n.
¦-e‑v-]‑w‑, k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y k-¦-e‑v-]‑w‑, A-X‑n-
s‑â ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑y-t‑_‑m-[‑w C-X‑n-s‑\-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-s‑â a-l-X‑z‑w F-¶ B-i-b‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k‑z‑o-I-
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¯ c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v d-k‑v-I‑n-\‑n \‑n-¶‑m-W.‑v CÀ-^‑m³ l-_‑o-_‑v
L-«-¯‑n s‑s‑I-s‑b‑m-g‑n-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p \‑n-c‑o-£-W‑w A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X h‑n-I-k‑n-¨‑p h-¶-X.‑v k-a‑oÀ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n `-K-h-X‑v K‑o-X h‑m-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑v K‑o-X-b‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-¯-
A-a‑o³ A-X‑n-s‑\ h-f-s‑c I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å s‑X-Ã‑m‑w K‑o-X-b‑n I-s‑ï-¯‑n F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-
H-c‑p D-Z‑m-l-c-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p- Ô‑n K‑o-X-b‑n A-l‑n‑w-k-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-s‑â a-l-X‑z-h‑p‑w
¶‑p-ï.‑v k-a‑oÀ A-a‑o³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v c-ï‑v a-\‑p-j‑yÀ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p-Å k-a-X‑z-h‑p‑w I-s‑ï-¯‑n. C-X‑n-
h‑n-¹-h a‑p-{‑Z‑m h‑m-I‑y-§-f‑m-W‑v _‑qÀ-j‑z‑m-k‑n \‑p t‑N-c‑m-¯-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ K‑o-X-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v
a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-¨‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v F-¶‑m-W.‑v H-¶‑v A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w K‑o-X-b‑n B-h-i‑y-a‑p-Å-X-à F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-
{‑^-©‑v h‑n-¹-h-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-{‑Z‑m-h‑m-I‑y-a‑m-b I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-\‑m-k-à‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑p-I‑q-S‑n h‑m-b‑n-¨‑mÂ
e‑n-_À-«‑n‑, C-I‑z‑m-f‑n-ä‑n‑, {‑^-t‑ä-W‑n-ä‑n F-¶ A-§-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m‑w. h‑y‑m-k³ K‑o-X A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¨
a‑p-{‑Z‑m-h‑m-I‑y-a‑m-W.‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑r‑w‑, k-a-X‑z‑w‑, k-µÀ-`‑w H-«‑p‑w i-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-à F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n H-c‑p Ø-e-
k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y‑w. _‑qÀ-j‑z‑m-k‑n C-X‑v \-S-¸‑n- ¯‑p ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï.‑v K‑o-X-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e H-c‑p {‑K-Ù‑w H-c‑p
e‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w C‑u a‑p-{‑Z‑m-h‑m-I‑y‑w b‑p-²-k-µÀ-`-¯‑n-e-à A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v F-¶‑m-b‑n-
\-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b‑m ]‑n-s‑¶ _‑pÀ-j‑z‑m-k‑n c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w. X-s‑â t‑_‑m-²‑y-§-
_‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-ï‑m-h‑n-à . f‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-¯-d-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n K‑o-X-b‑n I-ï-X.‑v
K‑o-X-b‑n I-ï s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-s‑â a-l-X‑z‑w a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑nÂ
_‑qÀ-j‑z‑m-k‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p a‑p-{‑Z‑m-h‑m-I‑y- \‑n-¶‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑m-W‑v A-s‑Ã-¦‑n F-U‑v-t‑h-U‑v- I‑mÀ-s‑]
a‑m-W‑v A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ h‑n-¹-h-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-{‑Z‑m- â-s‑d h‑m-b‑n-¨‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑m-W.‑v
h‑m-I‑y-a‑m-b e‑n-_À-«‑n B³-U‑v t‑{‑]‑m-¸À-«‑n.
F-´‑n-\‑p-Å k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑m-W‑v A-hÀ-¡‑p ‑"l‑n-µ‑p k‑z-c‑m-P‑n‑' K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑n B-{‑i-
t‑h-ï-X?‑v k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-Å k‑z‑m-X- b‑n-¨ H-c‑mÄ F-U‑v-t‑h-U‑v I‑mÀ-s‑]â-d‑m-W.‑v I‑mÀ-s‑]
{‑´‑y-a-Ã; k‑z-¯‑p-S-a-Ø-X-b‑v-¡‑p-Å k‑z‑m-X- â-d‑p-s‑S B-i-b‑w A-t‑±-l‑w [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-
{‑´‑y-a‑m-W.‑v k‑z-¯‑p-S-a-Ø-X-b‑v-¡‑p-Å k‑z‑m- ¶‑p-ï.‑v i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-s‑¯-b‑p‑w k-a‑q-l k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-Å B-g-¯‑n A-d‑n-ª‑, N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n A-X‑n-s‑\ t‑\‑m-
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-s‑¯ N‑p-c‑p-¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S h‑m-k‑v- ¡‑n-b H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n. a‑mÀ-I‑v-k‑n-t‑\-b‑p‑w d-k‑v-I‑n-
X-h-¯‑n B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X F-¶-X‑v k-a‑oÀ s‑\-b‑p‑w t‑S‑mÄ-t‑Ì‑m-b‑n-t‑b-b‑p‑w I‑mÀ-s‑]â-s‑d-b‑p‑w h‑n-e‑y‑w
A-a‑o³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯ t‑a‑m-d‑n-k‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e ]-s‑¯‑m-¼-X‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑nÂ
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑m-b‑n-«‑v A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¡‑p‑w. B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-aÀ-i-I-c‑m-b‑n c‑w-K-s‑¯-¯‑n-b-hÀ
D-bÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p h-¶ h-e‑n-b h‑n-aÀ-i-\-a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑m-
a‑q-e-[-\‑w kÀ-h-{‑K‑m-l-I-a‑m-b \‑n-e-b‑n W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-s‑â \‑m-K-c‑n-I-h‑n-aÀ-i-\-¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-
B-[‑p-\‑n-I-X-b‑n ]‑n-S‑n a‑p-d‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
40 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S N‑n-´‑m- ¸-S-h‑m-¡‑n-b-X.‑v A-Ã‑m-s‑X C-¶‑v \‑m‑w k‑m-a‑m-t‑\‑y-\ I-c‑p-
N-c‑n-{‑X‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑m X‑p-¶-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e `‑m-c-X‑o-b B-ß‑o-b ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
c@‑v [‑m-c-IÄ H-g‑p-I‑p- H-c‑p D-]-i‑m-J-b‑m-b‑n-«-Ã K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S C‑u h‑n-N‑m-c‑w
¶-X‑p I‑m-W‑m‑w. H-¶‑v I-S-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶-X.‑v
_-e-¯‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-¡-i‑y-
¯‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I-h-e-X-b‑n-e‑p‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I-h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ X-¯‑z-a‑m-b k‑z‑mÀ-
]-c-a-a‑m-b k-X‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w °-X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w k-a‑q-l-h‑n-c‑p-²-h‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-h‑n-c‑p-²-h‑p-a‑m-b
A-´‑n-a-a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-¶‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w
h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨ {‑_‑m-Ò-W‑y- ]-c‑n-X‑y‑m-K-¯‑n D‑u-¶‑p-¶‑, a-s‑ä‑m-c‑mÄ-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n X-t‑â-
¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p [‑m-c. X‑v D-t‑]-£‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k-¶-²-X-b‑n A-[‑n-jT‑v ‑n-X-a‑m-b
a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n k-¦-e‑v-]‑w‑, A-h-I‑m-i-§-s‑f-¡‑mÄ I-S-a-b‑v-¡‑v
k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑p-Å H-c‑p k-¦-e‑v-]‑w‑, D-]-t‑`‑m-K-s‑¯-¡‑mÄ s‑s‑I-
k‑m-c-f‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w _-e-a‑n- s‑¯‑m-g‑n-e‑n-\‑p {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑p-Å H-c‑p k-¦-e‑v-]‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
Ã‑m-b‑v-a-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-h‑y-à- a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-¨‑p. H-c‑p ]‑p-Ã‑n‑w-K c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-i-c‑o-c-¯‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w
X-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-s‑¡ \‑n-e- A-t‑±-l‑w k‑v-s‑s‑{‑X-W‑w F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w h‑n-
s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ _‑p-²-\‑n t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¨ H-c‑p _-Z i-c‑o-c-s‑¯‑, {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
\‑n-¶‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑p. _-e-¯‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-\‑v F-X‑n-s‑c-b‑p-Å
a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p [‑m-c. H-c‑p \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w. K‑m-
Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S N‑n-´‑m-N-c‑n-{‑X‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑m c-ï‑v [‑m-c-IÄ
H-g‑p-I‑p-¶-X‑p I‑m-W‑m‑w. H-¶‑v _-e-¯‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-¡-i‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w
t‑I-h-e-X-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c-a-a‑m-b k-X‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-´‑n-a-a‑q-e‑y-§-
f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨ {‑_‑m-Ò-W‑y-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p [‑m-c. a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v
k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-c-f‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w _-e-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a-b‑n-e‑p‑w
A-h‑y-à-X-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-s‑¡ \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ _‑p-²-\‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p [‑m-c. A-X‑v ]-c-a-k-X‑y-§-s‑f-¡‑p-
d‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª-t‑X-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑v \‑m-«‑p-`‑m-j-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-
I-b‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n C-S-]-g-I‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. A-§-s‑\
_‑p-²-\‑n X‑p-S-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w I-c‑p-W-s‑b {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
`-à‑n {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑p‑w k‑q-^‑n-I-f‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-t‑S‑m-S‑n
]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w h-g‑n ]-s‑¯‑m-¼-X‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-
t‑¼‑mÄ c-a-W a-lÀ-j‑n-s‑b-t‑b‑m {‑i‑o-c‑m-a-I‑r-j‑v-W-s‑\-t‑b‑m
\‑m-c‑m-b-W-K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\-t‑b‑m t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑n-e‑q-s‑S
h‑n-\‑n-a-b‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«-X‑p-a‑m-b B-²‑y‑m-ß‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-{‑I‑n-b-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-h-s‑b k-¶‑n-t‑h-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-
b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v s‑s‑\-X‑n-I-a‑m-b H-c‑p B-ß‑o-
b-t‑_‑m-[-s‑¯ c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-{‑]-{‑I‑n-b-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-«‑n-b‑n-W-¡‑n
a-l‑m-P-\-k-©-b-s‑¯ A-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-¡‑p-I F-¶ H-c‑p
{‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-X.‑v
F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w F-X‑n-s‑c \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-I-b‑p‑w
A-X‑n-s‑\ X-S-b‑m³ H-c‑p `-c-W-I‑q-S-s‑¯ k-Ö-a‑m-¡‑p-I-
b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ H-c‑p k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑v A-´‑n-a-a‑m-b‑n l‑n‑w-
k-s‑b C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-
b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p h‑m-Z‑w. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v B-[‑p-\‑n-I `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n s‑X-ä‑m-b H-¶‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 41
I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b- ‑"c‑m-{‑ã-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å ]-c-a-a‑m-b AÀ-¸-W‑w‑' F-¶ B-i-b‑w
¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \-S-¯‑n-b I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-Å H-c‑p a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v 1930 I-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D-¸‑p
\‑n-c‑o-£-W-a‑p-ï.‑v c-ï‑p-t‑]À-¡‑n-S-b‑n k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l-¯‑n C‑u \‑n-b-a-e‑w-L-\‑w h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p
H-c‑p XÀ-¡-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶‑p; c-ï‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-a‑q-e‑y-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-¶-X.‑v P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
C-c‑p-¶‑p c-ï‑p a-W‑n-¡‑q-t‑d‑m H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k- I‑m-X-e‑n C‑u h‑n-aÀ-i-\‑w‑, C‑u h-g-§‑m-b‑v-I A-t‑±-
t‑a‑m k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑m X‑o-c‑m-h‑p-¶ B XÀ- l‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p h-¶‑p.
¡-s‑¯ H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-I‑m-e-s‑¯ t‑I‑m-S-X‑n
h‑y-h-l‑m-c-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v ^‑m-k‑n-k-s‑¯ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v, h-g-§-e‑n-e‑m-W‑v c‑m-{‑ã‑w
t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-`‑m-h-\. a-\‑p-j‑yÀ-¡‑n- \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S c-k-I-c-a‑m-b
S-b‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-\‑n-a-b-§Ä A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m- H-c‑p \‑n-c‑o-£-W-a‑p-ï.‑v A-t‑±-l‑w a‑q-e-[-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-
¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑c k-¯‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n \‑p‑w k‑z-I‑m-c‑y k‑z-¯‑p-S-a-Ø-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
t‑I-h-e-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑m-b‑n N‑p-c‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ¶‑p. {‑]-Ì‑o-P‑v-j‑n-]‑v F-¶ k-¦-e‑v-]‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p h-c‑p-¶-X‑v
C‑u t‑I-h-e-Ø‑m-\-§-s‑f a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n X-s‑¶ k‑z-¯‑v h‑y-à‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I D-S-a-Ø-X-
k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ k-¦-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p- b‑n s‑]-S‑p-¶-X-à F-¶‑v k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n-b‑m-
¶-X‑v D-t‑]-£‑n-¡-s‑¸-t‑S-ï-X‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-§Ä {‑S-Ì‑n-b‑m-b‑n k‑z-b‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v
A-t‑±-l‑w I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I A-h-I‑m-i‑w A-Ã‑m-¯-X‑p
s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W.‑v t‑{‑]‑m-¸À-«‑n-¡‑v D-Å e‑n-_À-«‑n \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v
C-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n k-l-P-a‑m-b‑n C-Ã F-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n I-c‑p-X‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¯‑w F-¶ P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑y-h-Ø- k‑z-I‑m-c‑y D-S-a-Ø-X D-ï‑m-¡‑p-¶ l‑n‑w-k H-c‑p-]-s‑£
b‑v-¡‑p‑w DÂ-]‑m-Z-\-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑v-¡‑p‑w F-X‑n- `-c-W-I‑q-S l‑n‑w-k-t‑b-¡‑mÄ X‑m-c-X-t‑a‑y-\ I‑p-d-ª
s‑c s‑s‑I-s‑¡‑m-ï k-a‑o-]-\-h‑p‑w. c‑m-{‑ã‑w H-¶‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v PÀ-½-\‑n ^‑m-k‑n-Ì‑v B-h‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b h‑n-aÀ-i- a‑p-¼‑p X-s‑¶ K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
\-¯‑n-s‑â t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n
\‑n-b-a-e‑w-L-\‑w B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¨ G-X‑m-ï‑v N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b a-X-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I X‑p-SÀ-¨-b-Ã
A-t‑X I‑m-e-¯‑p-X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v l‑n-ä‑v-eÀ \‑m‑w C-¶‑v A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ a-X‑w. C‑u a-X-t‑¯‑m-S‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n C-S-b³ {‑i-a‑n-¨-X.‑v a-X-¯‑n {‑_‑m-Ò-W‑y-
42 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
h‑p‑w {‑_‑m-Ò-W‑y A-[‑n-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w D-ï‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨
A-´‑n-a-a‑m-b I‑mÀ-¡-i‑y-s‑¯‑, t‑I-h-e-X-s‑b‑, k-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-s‑¯
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑n i‑p-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-[‑p-\‑n-I
c‑m-{‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â a-X-a‑m-h‑m-\‑p-Å l‑n-µ‑p-a-X-¯‑n-s‑â t‑i-j‑n-s‑b
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-IÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k I-c‑p-X‑n-b-X‑p-
s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-s‑b s‑h-S‑n h-¨‑p s‑I‑m-Ã‑p-¶-X.‑v
A-X‑v t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-b‑p-s‑S s‑a‑m-g‑n-b‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v B-[‑p-
\‑n-I L-«-¯‑n t‑e‑m-I-s‑a-¼‑m-S‑p‑w a-X-¯‑n-\‑p k‑w-`-h‑n-¨ H-c‑p
]-c‑n-hÀ-¯-\‑w C-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W.‑v c‑m-{‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â a-X-a‑m-I‑m-
t‑\‑m h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑z‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w a-X-a‑m-I‑m-t‑\‑m
A-s‑Ã-¦‑n i-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-I‑m-t‑\‑m H-s‑¡-b-Ã‑m-s‑X
\‑n-c-´-c-a‑m-b B-ß‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W-¯‑n-s‑â a-X-a‑m-I‑m³‑, \‑n-c-´-c-
a‑m-b ]-c‑n-hÀ-¯-\-¯‑n-s‑â t‑{‑]-c-W-b‑m-h‑m³ k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶
H-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-à B-[‑p-\‑n-I L-«-¯‑n A-h-b‑p-s‑S a‑m-ä‑w. C-X‑n-
t‑\‑m-S‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n C-S-b‑p-¶‑p-ï.‑v
F-´‑m-W‑v \‑o-X‑n-t‑_‑m-[‑w F-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v C-c‑p-]-X‑m‑w
\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e X-¯‑z N‑n-´-I-\‑m-b e‑n-h‑n-\‑m-k‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶ h-f-
s‑c s‑N-d‑n-b H-c‑p D-¯-c‑w Concern for the other F-¶‑m-W.‑v C‑u
A-X-d‑n-s‑\ A-¡-a-t‑U-ä‑v- s‑N-¿‑m³ F-{‑X t‑]À-¡‑v I-g‑n-b‑p-¶‑p?
A-ZÀ t‑NÀ-¶‑n-«‑m-W‑v \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑z-X‑z‑w ]-e A-f-h‑p-I-f‑nÂ
c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X.‑v C‑u k‑z-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p `-c-W-L-S-\-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n A-X‑n-\‑n-i‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n B-{‑I-a‑n-¨-X.‑v C‑u s‑kÂ-^‑n-s‑\
t‑I-{‑µ‑n-I-c‑n-¨‑p-Å k-a‑q-l‑w‑, c‑m-{‑ã‑w‑, P‑o-h‑n-X‑w F-¶‑n-h-b‑v-¡‑v
F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n-«‑p-Å H-c‑p b‑p-²-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-
X-s‑¯-b‑p‑w ZÀ-i-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨-X.‑v
t‑]‑m-Ì‑v {‑S‑q-X‑v B³-U‑v K‑m-Ô‑n F-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-_-Ô-¯‑n ]-¦-P‑v
a‑n-{‑i F-g‑p-X‑n-b A-h-k‑m-\ h‑m-I‑y‑w C-h‑n-s‑S D-²-c‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶-
X‑m-W.‑v ""Many more of Gandhi‑'s statues may fall in present
climate of furious rivisionism.'' I-g‑n-ª P-\‑p-h-c‑n a‑p-¸-X‑n-\‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-a-b‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n A-X‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \‑n-d-s‑b‑m-g‑n-¨‑v t‑K‑m-
U‑v-s‑k-¡‑v B-Z-c-hÀ-¸‑n-¨ c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-W‑v \-½‑p-t‑S-X.‑v `‑o-j-W-a‑m-b
X‑n-c‑p-¯Â-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑â C‑u I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-{‑]-X‑n-a-
IÄ C-\‑n-b‑p‑w [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e‑w s‑]‑m-¯‑n-t‑b-¡‑m‑w. F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
\-½‑p-s‑S b‑p-à‑n-k-l-a‑m-b k‑z-X‑z-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w k‑z‑mÀ-°-
¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w C‑u C-c‑p-«‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑m³
k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-ï.‑v \-½‑p-s‑S P‑oÀ-W-a‑m-b‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ P-\‑m-
[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-Ý-e t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n A-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b
H-c‑p h‑n-aÀ-i-\-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑m³
k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-ï.‑v t‑]‑m-Ì‑v {‑S‑q-X‑v F-¶-X‑v C-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b
h‑m-¡‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I \‑m-K-c‑n-I-X-b‑v-¡‑p-Å‑n h-©-
I-a‑m-b H-c‑p a‑q-e‑y-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v h‑n-aÀ-i-\-]-c-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-X‑n-e‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-a-I‑m-e-k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y‑w R‑m-\-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X.‑v
t‑U‑m. a‑o-\- S‑n. ]‑n-Å
K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p‑w
44 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
\‑m-
t‑a-h-c‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑m-c-t‑¯‑m-S‑p k-X‑y‑w h‑n-
f‑n-¨‑p-]-d-b‑m-\‑m-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑m-W.‑v k‑u-
µ-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y-s‑a-¶‑p‑w k-X‑y-a‑m-W‑v
k‑u-µ-c‑y-s‑a-¶‑p‑w D-Z‑v-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¨ I-h‑n-I-
s‑f \-a‑p-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. "k-X‑y‑w‑, i‑n-h‑w‑, k‑p-µ-
c‑w‑,‑' "k-X‑y-t‑a-h P-b-t‑X‑' F-¶‑o h‑m-I‑y-
§Ä {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ \-½‑p-s‑S
X-\-X‑p X-¯‑z-N‑n-´‑m-]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w
]-c-a-a‑m-b s‑]‑m-c‑p-f‑m-b‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-
¶-X‑v k-X‑y‑w A-s‑Ã-¦‑n b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y-a‑m-
W.‑v C-h-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S \‑m-s‑a-¯‑n-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶
N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑p-l‑qÀ-¯-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v
G-I-i‑n-e‑m-]-c-a‑m-b A-s‑Ã-¦‑n B-X‑y-
´‑n-I-a‑m-b k-X‑y-§-s‑f-¸-ä‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-
¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y-
§Ä A-t‑\-I-a‑m-W‑v, F-Ã‑m k-X‑y-§-f‑p‑w
B-t‑]-£‑n-I-h‑p‑w. F-¶‑m C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p
h‑o-£-W-s‑¯ \‑m‑w ]‑n³-]-ä‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ
t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w k-X‑y‑w A-Y-h‑m k-X‑y-§Ä
F-¶-X‑v ]-c-a-{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v F-¶ H-c‑m-
i-b‑w C-h-b‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w A-´À-e‑o-\-a‑m-W.‑v
C-X‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w h‑n-`‑n-¶-a‑m-W‑v
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X A-Y-h‑m k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-X
F-¶ B-i-b‑w {‑]-Z‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ h‑o-£-
W‑w. k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-X \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶-X‑v
k-X‑y‑w/ k-X‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-s‑¯
\‑n-c-k‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w \‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-
ï‑p-a‑m-W.‑v
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-IÄ-¡‑v {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \-ã-s‑¸-
S‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-
e-¯‑n-s‑â e-£-W-§-f‑n {‑]-[‑m-\‑w.
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑n s‑]‑m-X‑p-P-\‑m-
`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v h-k‑v-
X‑p-X-I-f‑m-e-Ã‑, a-d‑n-¨‑v h‑n-I‑m-c-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶
B-l‑z‑m-\-§-f‑m-e‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-
s‑S C-S-§-s‑f k-¦‑oÀ-®-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-d‑n-
h‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä-¡‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-
k-§Ä-¡‑p-a‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑v \‑n-c-´-c‑w \-S-¡‑p-¶
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 45
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-IÄ-¡‑v C-¯-c‑w I‑q-S‑n-¡-e-c-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑X-¶‑n-a‑m-d-e‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-W‑v
{‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p (slippages). k‑z-´‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-s‑f Z‑r-V‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-
F-¶-X‑m-W‑v h-b‑p‑w A-h-t‑b‑m-S‑v s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â h-b‑p-a‑m-b h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-s‑f a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-
e-£-W-§-f‑n {‑]-[‑m-\‑w. I‑m-e P-\-X h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑m-b‑p‑w b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑n A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v
s‑]‑m-X‑p-P-\‑m-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w
c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X A-s‑Ã-¦‑n t‑]‑m-Ì‑v-þ-{‑S‑q-¯‑v F-¶v t‑]-
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑m-e-Ã‑, c‑n-«‑p h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w B-t‑K‑m-f-X-e-¯‑n c‑m-
a-d‑n-¨‑v h‑n-I‑m-c-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w {‑ã‑o-b-k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-¯‑n h-c‑p-¶ C‑u a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-a‑m-ä-s‑¯
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w (paradigm shift) \-a‑p-¡‑p I-ï‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v \-S‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã.
k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶ B-l‑z‑m-\- C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-\‑v c-ï‑p ]-c‑n-W-X-^-
§-f‑m-e‑m-W‑.v e-§-f‑m-W‑p-Å-X.‑v H-c‑p h-i-¯‑v k-X‑y-s‑a-¶ B-i-b‑w
X-s‑¶ s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p‑, a-d‑p-h-i-¯‑v k-X‑y-s‑¯
s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v A-]-cÀ-¡‑p-t‑a B-i-b‑m-
[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-t‑aÂ-t‑¡‑m-b‑v-a-b‑p‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m-
\‑p-Å X-{‑´-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑m-b‑n c‑q-]‑w {‑]‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C‑u-
s‑b‑m-c‑p a‑m-ä-s‑¯ k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v 2005Â Ì‑o-^³
t‑I‑mÄ-s‑_À-«‑v F-¶ N‑n-´-I³ truthiness A-Y-h‑m
k-X‑y-X A-s‑Ã-¦‑n b-Y‑mÀ-°-X F-¶ ]-Z-¯‑n-\‑p
c‑q-]‑w \Â-I‑n-b-X.‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑m ]‑n³-X‑m-§-s‑¸-
«‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-`‑q-X‑n-
b‑p-WÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m a‑m-{‑X‑w k-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n I-W-¡‑m-
¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-h-s‑b k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v t‑I‑mÄ-s‑_À-«‑v
"k-X‑y-X‑' F-¶ ]-Z‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X.‑v A-X‑m-b-X‑v
k-X‑y‑w k-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑n-Ã‑, k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
{‑]-X‑o-X‑n P-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑m a-X‑n. k-X‑y-s‑¯ A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-
X‑n-\‑p-Å ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑,
a-d‑n-¨‑v k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-]‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p X-s‑¶-b‑p-Å
s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-b‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S G-ä-h‑p‑w `‑o-X‑n-
Z-a‑m-b h-i‑w. \‑m‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m³ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-s‑¸-S‑m-¯
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-f‑n-e‑p-Å A-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S Ø‑m-]‑n-X
X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v t‑NÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ G-s‑X‑m-c‑p h-k‑v-
X‑p-X-b‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å A-Ô-a‑m-b h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-
\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â B-]-X‑v-I-c-a‑m-b a‑p-J-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶.‑v
]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-s‑s‑k-²‑m-´‑n-I-\‑p‑w a-t‑\‑m-h‑n-t‑Ç-j-I-\‑p-a‑m-b
k‑n-Ü-ï‑v t‑{‑^‑m-b‑v-U‑v a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ c-ï‑p k‑n-
²‑m-´-§-f‑m-W‑v B-Ë‑m-Z-X-¯‑z‑w‑, b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y-X-¯‑z‑w
F-¶‑n-h (pleasure principle and reality principle). t‑{‑^‑m-
b‑v-U‑n-b³ k‑n-²‑m-´-¯‑nÂ‑, a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z-\-I-f‑p-
s‑S-b‑p‑w A-`‑n-e‑m-j-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c-W-¯‑n-\‑p
t‑h-ï‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w b-X‑v-\‑n-¡‑p-¶ X-¯‑z-a‑m-b B-Ë‑m-Z-X-
¯‑z-s‑¯ \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-t‑c-s‑b‑m-c‑p L-S-I-a‑m-W‑v
_‑m-l‑y-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-X‑n-s‑\
46 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
s‑]‑m-c‑p-¯-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶ b‑m- A-t‑X-k-a-b‑w‑, `‑m-c-X‑o-bÀ-¡‑v K‑m-Ô‑n H-c‑p
Y‑mÀ-°‑y-X-¯‑z‑w. k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b h-k‑v-X‑p-X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-s‑¡-
C‑u b‑p-à‑n I‑o-g‑v-t‑a a-d‑n-b‑p-¶‑p. b‑m-Y‑mÀ- ¯-s‑¶ H-c‑p s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I N‑m-e-I-i-à‑n-
°‑y-¯‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p s‑]‑m-c‑p-¯-s‑¸-S‑p‑w h‑n-[‑w b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å
X-§-f‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§-s‑f X‑n-c‑p-¯‑p- `‑m-c-X-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-J‑m-a‑p-J-¯‑n-s‑â k-X‑y-
¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w‑, X-§-f‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b- h‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-X-b‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-
§-t‑f‑m-S‑v t‑NÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w-h‑n-[‑w b‑m-Y‑mÀ- b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-I‑p‑w; A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w
°‑y-s‑¯ h-f-s‑¨‑m-S‑n-¡‑m³ h‑y-à‑n-IÄ X-s‑¶ s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-
s‑s‑[-c‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p B-t‑K‑m-f-{‑]-h-W-X- c‑n-I‑m-l‑z‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p X-e-h‑p‑w
s‑b-b‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ h‑y-h-l‑m-c-¯‑n {‑]-I-S-a‑m-W.‑v
s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X.‑v C-¯-c-¯‑nÂ‑, k-X‑y‑m-\-´- k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-{‑´-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-h-b‑p-s‑S
c-X-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-`‑m-h-§-f‑n H-¶‑v h-à‑m-¡Ä-¡‑p‑w F-f‑p-¸‑w X-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑m-
s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-X-b‑m-W‑v (affective nature). ¡‑n s‑s‑I-h-i-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-h‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ h‑y-h-l‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p
C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p ]-Ý‑m-¯-e-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v t‑a‑m- s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-\‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m k-X‑y‑m-
l³-Z‑m-k‑v I-c‑w-N-µ‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w \-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ N‑n-´-b‑p-s‑S
K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ N‑n-´-s‑b-b‑p‑w k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c- {‑]-k-à‑n-s‑b D-Z‑v-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m-
I‑m-e-¯‑v ]‑p-\À-h‑m-b-\-IÄ-¡‑v h‑n-t‑[-b- s‑S‑m-¸‑w X-s‑¶ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S
a‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b‑n-¯‑o-c‑p-¶-X.‑v b‑p-à‑n-b‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-N‑n-´ G-s‑ä-
K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ h‑y-h-l‑m-c-¯‑n "k-X‑y‑w‑' S‑p-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑p
F-¶ k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-s‑â B-hÀ-¯-\‑w {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[-a‑mÀ-¤-§Ä B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-t‑¡-
k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, k-X‑y-s‑a-¶ ï-X‑n-s‑â B-h-i‑y-I-X-b‑p‑w NÀ-¨-s‑N-¿-
B-i-b-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-c-´-c‑w k‑w-h-Z‑n- s‑¸-t‑S-ï-X‑m-W.‑v
¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨ N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w N‑n-e c‑m-{‑ã‑o-
b-N‑n-´-I-c‑n H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p K‑m-Ô‑n. k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-b‑p-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-]-e‑v-I-
A-X‑n-\‑m k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-X-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e- c-a‑m-b k‑m-[‑y-X-IÄ-¡‑v F-f‑p-¸‑w h-g-
¯‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ k-X‑y-k-¦-e‑v-]-¯‑n-s‑â §‑n-t‑¸‑m-t‑b-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H-c‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b³
AÀ-°-X-e-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w {‑]-k-à‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w B-i-b-a‑m-W‑v k‑z-c‑m-P.‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ k-¦-e‑v-
h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-t‑¯-ï-X‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-W.‑v ¸-¯‑n k‑z-c‑m-P‑v A-Y-h‑m k‑z-b‑w-`-c-W‑w
k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020 47
h-k‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S "[‑mÀ-½‑n-I- h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â D-Z‑m-l-c-W-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑m-W.‑v
l‑r-Z-b‑'¯‑n-e‑m-W.‑v k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z-`-c-W‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ h‑y-h-l‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e C-¯-c‑w s‑s‑h-c‑p-[‑y-§Ä
X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w A-[‑mÀ-½‑n-I-a‑m-s‑W-¶ \‑n-c- k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-b‑p-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-à‑m-¡Ä s‑X-c-ª‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v
´-c-a‑m-b H‑mÀ-½-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-e‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑m- A-\‑m-b‑m-k‑w k‑z-´‑w {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-e-£‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S
W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ N‑n-´-b‑n-s‑e C‑u [‑mÀ- ]‑q-c-W-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n s‑X-ä‑m-b‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑n-
½‑n-I-X-b‑n-e‑p-Å D‑u-¶Â. A-X‑v B b-X‑n-s‑â ]-e k‑q-N-\-I-f‑p‑w C-¶‑p \-a‑p-¡‑p N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-ï.‑v
I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-s‑â B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b b‑p-à‑n-
b‑p‑w t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w h‑n-I‑m-c-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 2018 s‑k-]‑v-ä‑w-_-d‑n i-_-c‑n-a-e-b‑n-s‑e b‑p-h-X‑o-{‑]-t‑h-
F-¶‑m k‑z-c‑m-P‑v F-¶ B-i-b-¯‑n-\‑v i-\-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w-t‑I‑m-S-X‑n h‑n-[‑n-b‑v-¡‑v
s‑s‑I-h-t‑¶-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑i-j‑w t‑I-c-f‑w t‑\-c‑n-« k‑w-`-h-]-c-¼-c-I-f‑n C-¯-
A-]-I-S-k‑m²‑y-X-I-s‑f-¡‑p-¨‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w c-s‑a‑m-c‑p k‑m-[‑y-X h‑m-b‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-I‑p‑w. a‑m-d‑p-a-d-b‑v-
t‑_‑m-[-h‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n X-s‑¶- ¡Â k-a-c-¯‑n-e‑p‑w t‑£-{‑X-{‑]-t‑h-i-\ k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l-
b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. "P-\-§Ä‑' F-¶‑m X‑m³ §-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-´À-e‑o-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-l‑r-Z-b‑w‑,
AÀ-°-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v `‑q-c‑n-]-£-k-a‑p-Z‑m-b- i-_-c‑n-a-e-b‑n-t‑e-s‑¡-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ l‑n-µ‑p-h-X‑v-I‑r-X-a‑m-b
§-s‑f a‑m-{‑X-a-s‑Ã-¶‑v X‑n-S‑p-¡-t‑¯‑m-s‑S [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-b‑p-à‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v N‑p-h-S‑p-a‑m-d‑p-¶ A-X‑y-´‑w
I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p k‑n- {‑]-X‑n-t‑e‑m-a-I-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p {‑]-h-W-X \-a‑p-¡‑p I‑m-W‑m-
²‑m-´-¯‑n-\‑p `‑m-h‑n-b‑n s‑s‑I-h-t‑¶-¡‑m- \‑m-I‑p‑w. `‑q-c‑n-]-£-¯‑n-s‑â [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-l‑r-Z-b-h‑p‑w
h‑p-¶ B-]-e‑v-I-c-a‑m-b h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\-§Ä `-c-W-L-S-\‑m-]-c-a‑m-b [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X-b‑p‑w H-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-
a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-h-s‑b {‑]-X‑n- W-s‑a-¶‑n-Ã F-¶ h-k‑v-X‑p-X a-e-b‑m-f‑n H-c‑p \-S‑p-¡-
t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v t‑¯‑m-s‑S X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑p. K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ h‑n-`‑m-h-\-§Ä
K‑m-Ô‑n. K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ N‑n-´-b‑n-s‑e k‑z-c‑m-P‑v [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X-s‑b a‑p-d‑p-s‑¡-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑]‑u-c-k-
X-§Ä-s‑¡-´‑m-W‑v AÀ-°-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v a‑q-l-s‑¯ (civil society) B-k‑v-]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å-h-b‑m-
F-¶-X‑n-s‑\ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n‑, k‑z- b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑m H-c‑p s‑]‑u-c-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v
b‑w-`-c-W‑w F-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v (political society)
\‑nÀ-h-N‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å A-h-I‑m-i‑w `‑m-h‑n-b‑n \‑m‑w F-g‑p-X-s‑¸-«‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W.‑v P‑m-X‑n-þ-e‑n‑w-K-
`‑m-c-X-¯‑n-s‑e `‑q-c‑n-]-£-k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-§Ä-¡‑v þ-hÀ-¤ A-k-a-X‑z-§Ä L-S-\‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n DÄ-t‑¨À-¶
X-s‑¶ s‑s‑I-h-t‑¶-¡‑m-s‑a-¶ A-]‑m-b-I- H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ‑, "P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-l‑r-Z-b‑w‑'
c-a‑m-b k‑m-[‑y-X A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑m-s‑X F-¶ B-i-b‑w H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b h‑n-e-t‑]-iÂ-X-{‑´-a‑m-b‑n
t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-¦‑nÂ-t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w C-¶-s‑¯ k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-b‑p-à‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-Å
"[‑mÀ-½‑n-I `‑q-c‑n-]-£‑'¯‑n-\‑v A-\‑m-b‑m- k‑m-[‑y-X \‑m‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-t‑b-ï‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
k‑w X-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑m-¡‑n h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-
¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W‑v C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p [‑mÀ- X-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-X-¯‑z-N‑n-´-b‑n-s‑e "k-X‑y‑w‑' F-¶ B-i-
½‑n-I-X‑m-k-¦-e‑v-¸‑w F-¶-X‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ b‑w k‑m-£‑m-X‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯
N‑n-´-b‑n-s‑e s‑s‑h-c‑p-[‑y-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑m-W.‑v c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w b‑p-à‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
H-c‑p-]-t‑£ k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-t‑¯-b‑v- I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¡‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W.‑v k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-X-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-
¡‑p-Å \-½‑p-s‑S I‑mÂ-s‑h-b‑v-¸‑n-s‑\ A-S- e-L-«-¯‑n [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-¯‑n-\‑v B-IÀ-j-I-
b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑v \-a‑p-¡‑p N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-Å a‑m-b‑n A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-t‑«-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H-¶‑m-W‑v C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p
C-¯-c‑w h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S B-h‑nÀ-`‑m-h- h‑n-f-¡‑n-t‑¨À-¡Â. h-k‑v-X‑p-\‑n-jT‑v -a‑m-b H-¶‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w‑,
a‑m-W.‑v C‑u-s‑b‑m-cÀ-°-¯‑nÂ‑, t‑Z-i-c‑m-{‑ã- a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑n-jTv ‑n-X-a‑m-b‑,
s‑a-¶ B-i-b-¯‑n-\‑p N‑p-ä‑p‑w `‑m-c-X-¯‑n-s‑â l‑n-µ‑p-hÂ-I‑r-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p B-i-b-a‑m-b‑n "k-X‑y‑'s‑¯
l‑n-µ‑p-h-X‑v-I‑r-X-a‑m-b [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-l‑r-Z-b‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m³ [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-§Ä-¡‑v C‑u-
c-N‑n-¡‑p-¶ k-a-I‑m-e‑o-\-`‑m-h-\-IÄ‑, K‑m- s‑b‑m-c‑p k-¦-e‑v-]-\‑w F-f‑p-¸‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m‑w.
Ô‑n-b³ [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X-s‑b k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c- h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-s‑f-¡‑m-f‑p‑w "`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑'[‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X-b‑n-e‑p‑w
X-b‑p-s‑S b‑p-à‑n X-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n "`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑'k-Z‑m-N‑m-c-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-e‑p‑w "`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑'h‑n-i‑z‑m-
k-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑njTv ‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v k-a-I‑m-e‑o-\ h-e-X‑p-]-£
48 k‑m‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-It‑I-c-f‑w ● HItv Sm-_À 2020
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w. C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â
h-à‑m-¡Ä‑, k‑z-c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-
¨-b‑v-¡‑p-X-I‑p-¶ h‑n-I-e-a‑m-b H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-
b-`‑m-j-W‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑m³ K‑m-Ô‑n-N‑n-´-
s‑b s‑X-ä‑m-b‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-[‑y-X
h‑n-aÀ-i-\‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b‑n A-]-{‑K-Y‑n-t‑¡-ï
H-¶‑m-W.‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-
t‑¦-X‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y-b‑n-e‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑v-¡‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-
c‑p-¶ A-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w‑, ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y `‑u-X‑n-I-X-
b‑p‑w s‑]‑u-c-k‑v-X‑y B-ß‑o-b-X-b‑p‑w X-½‑nÂ
K‑m-Ô‑n \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶ Z‑z-µ‑z‑w‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-b³
N‑n-´-b‑n {‑_-Ò-N-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w k-k‑y‑m-l‑m-
c-\‑n-jT‑v -b‑v-¡‑p‑w s‑s‑I-h-c‑p-¶ {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w‑,
P‑m-X‑n-c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S
k-a‑o-]-\‑w F-¶‑n-h C-¯-c-¯‑n D-]-
t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡-s‑¸-t‑«-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ B-i-b-§-
f‑m-W.‑v C-¯-c-¯‑n A-]-{‑K-Y‑n-t‑¡-ï
a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w.
k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l‑w‑, {‑]-X‑n-t‑j-[ a‑mÀ-¨‑p-IÄ
F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ K‑m-Ô‑n B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¨ {‑]-X‑n-
t‑c‑m-[-a‑mÀ-¤-§Ä s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-X-b‑p-s‑S
`‑m-j I-S-s‑a-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-h-b‑m-W.‑v Ø‑m-]‑n-X-
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑m-h-i‑y-§Ä-¡‑m-b‑n K‑m-Ô‑n _‑n‑w-
_-h-e‑v-¡-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â
{‑]-I-S-\‑m-ß-I-h‑p‑w (performative) t‑{‑]-c-
W‑m-ß-I-h‑p-a‑m-b (persuasive) a‑m-\-§Ä
s‑I-«‑p-I‑m-g‑v-N I-f‑m-b‑n a‑m-d-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-a‑p-Å
k‑m-[‑y-X k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p
h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-h-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-\‑w
k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑v I-S-s‑a-S‑p-
¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v-s‑k-
s‑b-b‑p‑w H-t‑c B-t‑h-i-t‑¯‑m-s‑S H-c‑p i‑z‑m-
k-¯‑n t‑I‑mÀ-¯‑n-W-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑p-¶-X.‑v
K‑m-Ô‑n-s‑b k-X‑y‑m-\-´-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v ]‑p-\À-
h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-b³ N‑n-´-b‑n-
s‑e-b‑p‑w c‑o-X‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w N‑n-e
k-¦‑oÀ-®-X-IÄ A-h-b‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-X-
b‑n \‑n-¶‑v A-SÀ-¯‑n-a‑m-ä‑n‑, H-c‑p N-c‑n-{‑X-
\‑n-c‑m-k-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S k-t‑X‑y‑m-¯-c-X-b‑p-s‑S
b‑p-à‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v F-g‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-
[‑y-X-s‑b-¸-ä‑n P‑m-K-c‑q-I-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
B k‑m-[‑y-X-s‑b {‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-
¡-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-t‑¿-ï-X‑v A-\‑nh‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W.‑v
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samskarika keralam Oct 2020 final
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