Grammar Notes

SK PEKAN KIMANIS,

PAPAR SABAH

ENGLISH YEAR 6
GRAMMAR NOTES

Prepared by
English Panel

ARTICLES

a, an, the

 A and an ~ means one  a ~ used for singular
nouns begin with a
 ~ used with countable consonant sound
nouns
 a lion a boat
 ~ used to talk about just
one member in that  an ~ used for singular
group nouns that begin with a
vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u)

 an owl an arrow

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. He left the house _________ hour ago.

A a C the

B an D-

2. Amani gave me ____ bouquet of flowers and _____ loaf
of bread.

A a, the C a, a

B the, the D the, a

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

1. adding ‘s’ vase - vases
tree - trees
eraser – erasers
house – houses umbrella - umbrellas
day – days photo – photos
key – keys
2. adding ‘es’ fox - foxes
box – boxes brush – brushes
torch – torches
glass – glasses tomato - tomatoes
potato – potatoes

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

3. Changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’

baby – babies ferry - ferries

lorry – lorries cherry - cherries

dairy – dairies story – stories

4. Changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to ‘ves’

calf – calves shelf - shelves

knife – knives wife - wives

leaf – leaves loaf – loaves

Singular and Plural Nouns

5. Changing the vowels for irregular nouns

tooth – teeth louse - lice

foot – feet mouse - mice

goose – geese woman – women

6. Irregular plurals

child – children ox – oxen

cactus – cacti

SINGULAR AND PLURAL

 Some singular and plural nouns have the same form
 E.g.

one sheep – many sheep
one deer – many deer
one fish – many fish

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. Do not spend too _____time on the video game.
Finish your work.

A few C much

B little D plenty

2. Annaz does not have _____ money in his wallet.

A any C few

D many D many

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Nouns Pronouns Pronouns
(as subject) (as object)
-
Maria I me
Azhan
She Her
-
The cat He Him
(The chair)
You You

It It

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Nouns Pronouns Pronouns
(as subject) (as object)
Maria and
Azhan They Them

The boys/ girls They Them

The trees/ They Them
the cats We
us
Maria and I

PRONOUNS Reflexive
pronoun
Possessives Possessive
adjective pronoun Myself

My Mine

His His Himself

her Hers Herself

Its - itself

PRONOUNS Possessive Reflexive
pronoun pronoun
Possessives Yours Yourselves
adjective
ours Ourselves
Your
Theirs themselves
Our

Their

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative Number What it points to
pronoun
Singular A person or things that is
This near us

These Plural Two or more people or
things that are near us
That
Singular A person or thing that is
Those far away

Plural Two or more people or
things that are far away

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. This is Rama’s pencil. It is _________.

A ours C mine

B hers D his

2. En Azmi and his son painted the fence
_________.

A himself C yourself

B yourself D themselves

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

3. ______pencils which I am using belongs to my
sister.

A That C Those

B This D These

4. Teacher asks ______ to pass up our books
tomorrow.

A you C us

B me D our

PREPOSITIONS in the cage
on the table
Preposition are used to above the door
show position. under the chair
beside the road
lean against the wall
among the bushes
at the bus stop
between the houses

in front of the class

below the fan

PREPOSITIONS to the car
from the park
Prepositions of up the hill
Direction~(Arah) down the stairs
across the bridge
over the fence
through the tunnel
along the road

around the playground

into the shop

towards the canteen

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions of time ~ in the morning
(masa) in January
on Tuesday
on your birthday
at 3 o’clock
at night
at noon
for a month
for ten minutes
for two years

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions of time ~ since yesterday
(masa) since last week
until 6.00 p.m.
until 2012
during the holidays
during dinner
before/after breakfast
before/after 3 o’clock
by Friday
by tomorrow

PREPOSITION ALSO USED WITH
CERTAIN * VERBS (PERBUATAN)

agree to/with believe in
apply to/for borrow from
ask for/about compare with/to
complain about hope for
 think about/of

PREPOSITION ALSO USED WITH
CERTAIN * ADJECTIVES (ADJEKTIF)

angry with safe from
ashamed of sorry for
aware of scared of
interested in tired of
used to

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. The horse jumped _____the hedge and ran
_____ the field.

A through, over C over, across

B across, into D into, over

2. The priceless painting was stolen ______
midnight.

A on C at

B in D by

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : CLUE

 Every day  Daily
 Every week  Weekly
 Every month  Monthly
 Every year  Yearly
 Every night  Annually
 Every evening  Fortnightly
 Every morning

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : CLUE

Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Normally
Never

A) SINGULAR SUBJECT Verb ~ s
plays
He reads
She walks
It goes
My brother does
Sarah has
Alif’s sister is
The cat
The woman

B) PLURAL SUBJECT Verb no ~ s
plan
I study
You
We arrange
They hold
Janet and Jennifer do
My friends have
The children are
The durians

D) IN QUESTION~ VERB IN ROOT

WORD

e.g. Does she ______ to the school by
bicycle every day?
A go
B goes
C went
D going

E) INSTRUCTION/ ORDER/ WARNING

~ usually in simple present tense
e.g. Switch on the fan.

Please keep quiet.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. Johanna ______ in the park every evening.

A walk C walked

B walks D walking

2. Kangaroos ______ pouches

A have C were

C has D are

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE : CLUE

 Yesterday  A few days ago
 Just now  A few minutes ago
 Ago  A moment ago
 Last week  Two weeks ago
 Last month  Recently
 Last year  Those days
 Last Monday morning
 This morning

RULES OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 Regular verbs – the verbs end in ‘d’ or ‘ed’.
 Example: talk – talked

jump – jumped
 Irregular verbs – the verbs change form
 Example: go - went

buy - bought
catch - caught

RULES OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 Did is the past tense of do / does

 Did he _________to school yesterday?
A drive
B drives
C drove
D driving

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. Last night, Suraya _____ a story book before
she went to sleep.

A read C reads

B rode D reading

2. Rihanna ______ her latest song during a concert
last night.

A sing C sang

B sings D singing

THE CONTINUOUS TENSE

A The Present Continuous
Tense
B The Past Continuous Tense

CLUE:  Present Tense
 am, is, are
 Verb + ing  now
 at this moment
 Examples:
swimming  Past Tense
reading  was, were
teaching  while, when, as
writing
enjoying

SINGULAR SUBJECT

•I Present Past Verb + ing

reading
drawing
am was walking

doing
buying

SINGULAR SUBJECT

He Present Past Verb+ing
She
It reading
Munif drawing
Sarah is was walking
The girl sweeping
The boy buying
My uncle sleeping
The rabbit
Pn Suhaila

PLURAL SUBJECT

• You Present Past Verb+ing
• We are were
• They reading
• The children drawing
• The lions walking
sweeping
sleeping

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE : CLUE

 tomorrow  shall
 afterwards  will
 next week  going to
 tonight
 later  After will, shall, going
 soon to – root words.

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE : CLUE

I  shall walk
We  shall finish
 shall attend
 will go
 will buy
 will choose

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE : CLUE

He will go
She will do
will swim
It
You
They

Subject Verb
Agreement

SINGULAR SUBJECT + SINGULAR VERB

 He  is
 She  has
 It  does
 My brother  sleeps
 Sarah
 The cat  was

SINGULAR SUBJECT + SINGULAR VERB

 He/ she/ it  is
 Farah/ Azmir/ the lion  was
 One boy  has/ had
 A girl  writes
 A man  goes
 My uncle  does/ did
 His aunt  works
 The baby  likes

SINGULAR SUBJECT + SINGULAR VERB

 Everyone  is
 Every boy  has
 Everybody  does
 Everything  collects
 Something
 Someone  was
 Somebody
 Each + noun
 Every + noun

SINGULAR SUBJECT + SINGULAR VERB

 Each pupils has
 Each of the girls goes
 Each of the boys does
 One of the girls cycles
 Any of the boys knows
 Anyone who bites
 Anybody thinks
 Some one who runs
 Nobody plays
 No one sings
 Not one of them reads

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS TAKE A SINGULAR VERB

 hair, grass,  Singular verb-to-be
rice, powder,  is
juice, syrup,  was
flour, sugar
oil, soup,
salt, pepper
money, water
sand, dust

PLURAL SUBJECT + PLURAL VERB

 You
We
 They  are
  were
 The lions  have
Lizzie and Chris  do
 The women  knock
Many people  jump
Both of the girls
Some of the pupils
 Most of the children

My mother and I
She and her friend

EITHER AND NEITHER TAKE A SINGULAR

VERB

Either of the girls is
was
Neither of the boys has
does
Either this man or that runs
man sings
sleeps
Neither Maria nor Azlina

Neither you nor he

ADJECTIVES

Clue:

 ………. as brave as a lion.
 ………. happier than ………
 ………. faster than ………..
 …… more expensive than my house.
 The largest …………
 The strongest …………
 The most beautiful ………

ADVERBS

Verb Adverb
Act Quickly
Answer Correctly, clearly, rudely
Ask Nicely, humbly, politely
Accept Readily, gratefully
Arrive Safely
Arrange Neatly, nicely
Bark Loudly, fiercely, joyfully
Bleed Profusely, badly