15- مهارات بروفيســــــــور 3 ث 2024

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 50- Inference االستـــــــــــــدالل من النــــــــــــــــص االستــــــــدالل )يستــــدل من الدليـــــل( inference ُ بعض اال سئلة تدور مكنك ان ش, فكيف ي با ُ القطعة بشكل م ي ذكرف ُ حول معلومات لم ت س يم اسئلـة االستـدالل ُ القطعة؟ مثل هذه االسئلة ت ي ء لم يتم ذكرة ف يل شي جيب ع ُ ت ي عمل السطور وان تستخدم عقلك ف انك البد وان تقرأ بري تي فكلمة االستدالل هنا تع القطعة ي عطاة ف ُ احـ ـ ـات الم للتفاصيـ ـل واالقي ً استنتاجـ ـ ـ ـات وفقا Example one One way to travel from one place to another is by flying. Traveling by air is much faster than by car because you don’t have to follow any roads or use maps. Other ticketed passengers can go along as well because there is plenty of room. 1. Which means of transport is being used? __________________________________________________ 2. What clues helped you to find out? __________________________________________________ مالحظـ ـ ـ ـ ـة هامـ ـ ـ ـة: يل اسئلة االستدالل البد وان يكون لديك ما يثبــت صحه اجابتك وذلك عند االجابة ع القطعـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـة ي عطـ ـ ـ ـاة ف ُ يل التفاصيـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـل الم استنـ ـادا ا Example two Another way to travel involves water. You can stand or sit and watch the beautiful waves roll by. If the weather is bad, traveling this way can be very bumpy and windy. Some people have even become sick from this ride. 1. Which means of transport is being used? __________________________________________________ 2. What clues helped you to find out? __________________________________________________ Example three Sarah went back home after she had finished her English examination. She was over the moon that she cried of happiness. 1. According to the text, we can infer that Sarah was ………. a. upset b. pleased c. careful d. pretty 2. According to the text, we can infer that the exam was ………. a. easy b. complex c. useless d. relaxed مالحظـــــة هامـ ـ ـ ـة: الكلمات بشكل ي يل معات يل االعتماد ع منعـــــزل عن السيـــاق االجابة قد ال يؤدي ا يل الصحيحة فكلمه cried السعادة شريا ُ يل الحزن ولكن ت شريا ُ ي هذا السياق ال ت ف اذا للسيـ ـ ـاق الذي اتت بـ ـ ـ ـه ً ـرجمـ ـ ـ ـت وفقا ُ ت

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 51- Exercise one Read the passage and answer the following questions: Julie wished she was sick so she could have stayed home from school. She stomped into the classroom and threw her backpack onto her chair. She watched as others opened their backpacks and took out their homework papers. Then she slowly put her head down on her desk. 2. Which probably happened? a) Julie went home from school because she was sick. b) Julie fell asleep during class. c) Julie forgot her homework. d) Julie accidentally had someone else’s backpack. Exercise two Read the passage and answer the following questions: “Mom, Mom, where are you? I want to tell you something!” yelled Harry. Harry’s mother could hear her son screaming from outside of the house. Quick footsteps followed, as the front door slammed shut. Then she heard Harry’s laughter and saw his smiling face. 3. What do you think Harry was going to tell her? a) Harry got into a fight after school. b) Harry got mud on his pants. c) Harry was hungry for his after-school snack. d) Harry had good news to tell her. Exercise three Read the passage and answer the following questions: The two men sitting in the alley were wearing dirty clothes with holes in the knees. One man had newspapers over his legs. The other man had a shopping cart filled with paper bags and blankets next to him. 4. What can you infer about these men? a) They were homeless. b) They were actors in a play. c) They worked in a modern office building. d) They were enjoying the scenery. Exercise four Answer the following questions deducing the best answer: 1. I’m running late. I’d better let my mother know that I won’t be home in time for dinner. What’s the quickest way to get in contact? a) telephone b) letter c) messenger 2. I’m sending invitations to all my computer friends. I’m sending these invitations without stamps. How are they being sent? a) by postcard b) via e-mail c) by fax 3. My sister was driving 45 in a 25 zone. She heard a siren. Who do you think was following her? a) an ice cream truck b) my dad c) the police

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 52- 4. Rudy’s hair keeps falling in his eyes. His father has taken him to a place with swivel chairs and lots of mirrors. The manager is sharpening scissors. Where is Rudy? a) the barber b) the movies c) a hardware store 5. There’s a terrible smell in the car. Mike was in a hurry yesterday when he came back from fishing. What did he leave in the trunk? a) his fishing rod b) the bait c) his sneakers 6. Alice covered herself in sunscreen. Where was she going? a) to the movies b) to school c) to the beach 7. The sun was blocked for three minutes. You had to wear special glasses to see the event. What happened? a) a lunar eclipse b) a solar eclipse c) A storm was approaching. Reference االشـــــــــــارة Understanding the Reference of Pronouns االشــــارة فهــــــم ❖ When you read English texts, you will find many examples of the following common words: it, they, he, she, his, her, its, that, their, and there. We use those short, common words instead of using many other words – usually nouns. For you to understand the text or speech, it is important for you to understand what those common words refer to. يف هذا النوع من األسئلة يوض ــــع خط تحت أحد الضمــائر ويطلب من الطالب أن يذكــــر يل إ مــاذا أو إل مـن يشري هذا الضمري. Exercise one Basic foods are kept in different places so that customers go past other attractive foods before they find "them". - The underlined word “them” refers to …….. . a) different places b) customers c) attractive foods d) basic foods Exercise two Japan takes scrap metal from the USA and makes some parts of new cars with it. The underlined word “it” refers to ……... a) car industry b) paper industry c) scrap metal d) spare parts Exercise three The teacher wanted me to learn to count in Japanese, but as soon as she said the words, I forgot them. "That" made me feel uneasy. The underlined word “that” refers to ……

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 53- a) learning to count b) repeating the words after the teacher c) forgetting the words d) counting in Japanese Exercise four Peter was playing with a ball with “his” friends, John and Tom. When “they” started annoying “him”, he picked “it” up and threw it at “them”. - The underlined word “his” refers to …… ... a) peter b) John and Tom c) Tom d) ball - The underlined word “they” refers to …… ... a) peter b) John and Tom c) Tom d) ball - The underlined word “him” refers to …… ... a) peter b) John and Tom c) Tom d) ball - The underlined word “it” refers to …… ... a) peter b) John and Tom c) Tom d) ball - The underlined word “them” refers to …… ... a) peter b) John and Tom c) Tom d) ball Exercise five When social scientists study families, they find that they have different shapes and sizes. a) (the first) they refers to …… ... b) (the second) they refers to …… ... Exercise six Some families have long histories. Some of them know everything about their ancestors, while others know very little about theirs. a) them refers to…… ... c) their refers to …… ... b) others refers to…… ... d) theirs refers to …… ...

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 54- نماذج لقطع القراءة والفهم Read the article and choose the correct answer from A, B, C or D. When people retire, they will probably have been working for 40 years or more. But how productive will they have been in that time? We have been studying productivity, and the results are very interesting. Working hours around the world vary, but people in Egypt work an average of 40 hours a week and no more than 48 hours a week, which is similar to most other countries. In the USA, however, many people working in technology and banking often work over 60 hours a week. This could be because phones and laptops mean that people can work even when they are not in the office. However, a study by Professor Pencavel, from Stanford University in the USA, concluded that these extra hours do not mean a person gets more things done. Professor Pencavel reported that a person’s productivity declined very quickly after they had worked 50 hours a week. In fact, a person doing 70 hours a week did the same amount of work as a person doing 55 hours. There have been several studies into the effects of work on health. The economist, Nolan Pope, studied how the time of day affects productivity, and he found that people are naturally more productive at certain times of the day: in particular, before around 1pm. There have been many other studies into workplace stress, and these indicate that long work hours are linked to exhaustion, burnout and poor health. In conclusion, to aid our health, it is important that we work around the hours of the day when we are most productive and this should help make us happier. 1. The best title for the passage is ………. a) Mental health b) The effects of work on health c) Work and productivity d) Creativity and productivity 2. According to the passage, we should ……... a) increase productivity according to the money we get b) do extra work however tired we are c) work even when we are exhausted to earn more and feel happier d) work when we aren’t exhausted to be productive and feel happier 3. The economist, Nolan Pope, ………. a) considered the relation between working hours and pay b) stated that a person doing 70 hours a week c) studied the relation between the time of day and productivity could do the same amount of work as a person doing 55 hours d) concluded that extra working hours do not increase productivity 4. People in Egypt work an average of nearly……hours a day, six days a week. a) five b) seven c) nine d) eleven 5. Extra working hours do not ………. a) necessarily mean increasing productivity b) mean getting extra pay c) cause burnout d) happen all over the world

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 55- 6. According to the passage, working hours in Egypt are ………most other countries. a) nearly the same as b) a lot fewer than c) different from d) aren’t like 7. People’s productivity could decline after they work 50 hours a week. Decline is an antonym of …... a) remove b) decrease c) increase d) agree 8. The underlined word these in the fourth paragraph refers to …………. a) effects of work b) other studies c) certain times d) working hours Read the article and choose the correct answer from A, B, C or D. Few women had become pharaohs of ancient Egypt before Hatshepsut, who is one of the most important females in Egyptian history. She was pharaoh from around 1479 BCE to 1458 BCE, making her one of the longest ruling females. During her 21 years of rule, she improved trade with other countries, which had stopped for many years during a war. Pictures from the walls of ancient temples show Hatshepsut’s ships trading with a country called Punt (now part of East Africa), from where her ships brought back gold, valuable stones and animal skins. They also brought back trees, which were planted when they returned to Egypt. This is believed to be the first time foreign trees were grown in a different country. The journey to Punt was probably the first of other trading trips, which included visits to Byblos (now in Lebanon) and Sinai. Money from this trade helped Hatshepsut to build many amazing buildings and bring many years of peace and wealth to Egypt. The many buildings that Hatsheput had built were usually larger and more impressive than buildings of the past. Her most famous buildings include the temples at Beni Hasan and at Deir el-Bahri, which some people call one of the wonders of the ancient world. But she also helped to repair other older monuments that had been damaged and started a period of artistic creativity. Hatshepsut had many statues made of herself and you can find them in many of the world’s greatest museums today. Many of the statues that were made at this time were in the Thutmoside style (named after her father Thutmose I), which people today consider as the typical ancient Egyptian style. The mummy of Hatshepsut and lots of information about her can be found at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. 1. What was Hatshepsut’s main contribution to ancient Egypt? a) She had statues built. b) She brought peace and wealth to the country. c) She helped women become pharaohs. d) She was a female stereotype. 2. Which of the following do we not learn about Punt from the text?

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 56- a) Many trees grew there. b) People hunted animals there. c) It was a rich country. d) It had many wars with ancient Egypt. 3. What do we know about the statues that were made of Hatshepsut? a) They are unusual. b) They are in a style that people expect. c) They are more impressive than other statues. d) They are in a very unpopular style. 4. According to the article, gold, valuable stones and animals were ……. a) finally kept in Punt b) sold to African countries c) brought to Egypt d) restored before the reign of Hatshepsut. 5. People consider Deir el-Bahri one of the wonders of the ancient world. Wonders is similar in meaning to ………. a) obstacles b) myths c) marvels d) superstitions 6. We can see the mummy of Hatshepsut ………. a) at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation b) in East of Africa c) in the temples at Beni Hassan d) at a museum in Punt 7. Trade with other countries ………during Hatshepsut’s rule. a) flourished b) declined c) stopped d) was the same as 8. Hatshepsut ………during her reign. a) had a lot of amazing buildings built b) brought wealth to the country c) achieved peace d) all of the above Read the article and choose the correct answer from A, B, C or D. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] You are receiving this email because you have applied to do a course at our university. Places at the university will be given to the students with the best exam results. In addition, in some disciplines such as medicine, a university exam must also be passed before a student is accepted. Successful new students will be given accommodation at the university for their first year if they want it. You will be shown the rooms on the university open day, which is on July 13th. Many of the rooms have their own bathrooms, and each room has its own sink. We are extremely proud of our students and we strongly believe that we have some of the best students in the world studying here. Learning to respect other students is just one of our values. We believe that university is a life-changing experience and we want to make sure that ours is the right university for you. So please come to our open day to see if you can make a contribution to our student life in the future. We trust that you will have an enjoyable day getting to know our wonderful university. Please use the attached form which needs to be completed if you want to come.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 57- 1. What do you think the word disciplines means in the context of this email? a) a university subject b) a way to punish people who are not successful c) a type of exam d) a course for older people 2. What is the main idea of the passage? a) Life-long learning. b) Learning to respect other students. c) Accommodation at the university is obligatory for accepted students. d) Receiving newly accepted students at the university. 3. There are sinks in ……….at the university. a) most rooms b) a few rooms c) all rooms d) none of the rooms 4. Learning to respect other students is one of the university’s ………. a) courses b) skills c) awards d) values 5. According to the passage, what kind of student is going to study medicine at this university? a) The students who applied first. b) The students coming from abroad. c) The students with the best exam results. d) The students who pay the university fees only. 6. According to the passage, attending the open day is ………. a) allowed for parents b) a basic term for a student to be accepted c) not optional d) not obligatory 7. Accommodation in line four is a synonym for ………. a) evacuation b) evaluation c) farming d) housing 8. The underlined word “they” refers to ………. a) the students who have received emails. b) successful new students. c) the professors at the university. d) the students who are going to apply for the course. Read the article and choose the correct answer from A, B, C or D. Hidden treasures Do you like visiting the most typical landmarks when you travel to a different city? We all love a selfie in front of famous places, so we can say ‘I’ve been there’. However, there are many places of cultural interest that are not on the lists of tourist attractions but are still very important heritage sites.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 58- One such site can be found in a park on the outskirts of London. For over 170 years the different nations of the world have been celebrating the International Registered Exhibitions (also called the Expo) which are opportunities for different countries to come together to find solutions to the problems of humankind and share the world’s diverse culture in huge pavilions through cultural experiences. These are often extravagant displays of the country’s culture for everyone to enjoy under one roof. Back in 1851 the very first Great Exhibition was held in London. Initially, the building which held the event was built in Hyde Park but then moved to an area outside the city. The construction, which was designed by Joseph Paxton, was similar to a giant greenhouse made of iron and glass. The building was unfortunately destroyed by fire in 1936 but the remains can still be seen in the park which is named after the historic building. So, if you want to see a place of cultural interest in London which is not a typical tourist attraction, you might want to visit the Crystal Palace. 1. According to the article, we love to take a selfie ………. a) with well-known people b) in front of famous places c) in London only d) with the people we work with 2. In 1851, ………. a) the giant greenhouse was burnt. b) the first Great Exhibition was destroyed. c) the International Registered Exhibitions were set up. d) the first Great Exhibition was held in London. 3. The Expo ………. a) has been celebrated for less than 180 years. b) was designed by Joseph Paxton. c) was destroyed in 1936. d) was opened in 1851. 4. What does the article focus mainly on? a) taking a selfie of a famous place. b) finding solutions to the problems of mankind. c) displays of a country’s culture. d) places of cultural interest. 5. The underlined word construction is an antonym for ………. a) obstruction b) destruction c) instruction d) deterioration

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 59- 6. According to the article, the reason for celebrating the Expo is ………. a) to throw a party after reaching solutions to the problems of mankind. b) to make more propaganda about that place. c) to find solutions to the problems of mankind. d) to prevent other countries from sharing in that event. 7. According to the article, which of the following is correct? a) There are ordinary displays of the countries’ cultures during celebrating the Expo. b) The Great Exhibition was held in Paris. c) The celebration of the Expo aimed at sharing the world’s diverse languages. d) Joseph Paxton designed the building the Great Exhibition. 8. The building of the Great Exhibition was ………. a) similar to a giant greenhouse made of iron and glass. b) different from a giant greenhouse made of iron and glass. c) held in an African country. d) similar to a giant greenhouse made of rock and metal. Read the article and choose the correct answer from A, B, C or D. Azza Nakhla I have recently graduated with a degree in English from Cairo University. My goal is to be a full-time guide for a travel company and I would like to apply for an internship at your company so I can learn more about the job. I have already had some experience of being a guide. During my university holidays two years ago, I worked part-time for a company that took school children round museums in Cairo. There were a lot of young children in each group and they had to be watched carefully to make sure they were safe. I would go with the group leaders to the museum, and then I would take small groups of children round the highlights of the museum. The company must have been pleased with my work, because I was asked to work there again the following year. I have also been working as a volunteer at a local charity that helps children who are in hospital. I visit them once a week to play games with them. The children like to be read to and kept busy. I often read them books of myths and legends that they really enjoy. My peers say that I am a well-rounded and generous person and I take pride in my excellent English skills. I also have a good knowledge of the

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 60- landmarks, monuments and tourist attractions that your company takes tourists to visit. I think I can make an important contribution to your company as an intern. If you are happy with my work, I hope to be offered full-time employment in the future. 1. The text is from ………. a) a curriculum vitae. b) a job advertisement. c) a professional profile. d) a museum website. 2. Azza is applying ………. a) for a full-time job. b) for a part-time job. c) to be an intern. d) to take children round museums. 3. the underlined idiom "take pride in" is similar in meaning to ………. a) be responsible for b) take turns to c) value something highly d) be ashamed of 4. In her part-time job, Azza took ………. a) a few children round the museum’s highlights alone. b) a few children round the museum’s highlights with her group leader. c) large groups of children around the museum’s highlights alone. d) children to see landmarks, monuments and tourist attractions. 5. The underlined word “they” refers to ………. a) companies b) young interns c) highlights d) young children 6. Who might not be able to tell the company that Azza is an impressive candidate for the job? a) people at the place where she worked part-time b) the children at the hospital c) people that she knows who are the same age as her d) people who work at the city’s tourist attractions 7. The underlined word “peers” means ………. a) friends b) managers c) relatives d) strangers 8. In her voluntary work, Azza helps children ………. a) to be treated for illnesses. b) to overcome problems. c) who must have been very ill. d) who want to be entertained.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 61- الفاعـ ـ ـ ـ ـل والفعــــــــــل التوافـــــــ ق بري 1 .البد وان يتفق الفعل مع فاعــــــــــــــــل الجمله وليس مكمالته - High levels of pollution cause damage to the environment. (The subject is levels, NOT pollution) - The great patience of my parents is what helps them make good decisions. (The subject is great patience, NOT parents) الفعــــــــــــل ق يتفــــــ but, or, nor, either…or, neither… nor, التاليه الروابــــــــط مع. 2 مع الفاعل االقــــــــــــــــــــــــرب - Neither Bob nor his brothers walk to the store. - Either Bob or his brother walks to the store. - Not Bob but his brothers walk to the store. - Not Bob but his brother walks to the store. - A driver’s license or credit card is required. الفعــــــــــــــــــل يتفــــــق as well as, together with, along with التاليه الروابــــــــــــــط مع. 3 مع الفاعل الذي يسبقهـــــــــــم - My friend as well as my family members loves sports. - My family members as well as My friend love sports. ستخدم بعدها فعل مفــــــــــــــرد ُ عامل معامله المفرد و ي ُ 4 .الضمائر غريالمحــــــــدده التاليه ت anybody each everyone nobody somebody anyone either everything no one someone anything neither everybody nothing something - Everyone on the team supports the coach. ي 5 .الضمائر التاليه much, neither, either, every, each بعدها فعل مفرده يأت - Each of us has enormous potential to succeed in life. ي 6 .الضمائر التاليه several, many, few, both بعدها فعل يأت جمـــع - Both of us have enormous potential to succeed in life. فعل بعدها قد all, any, some, none, half, and most مثل الضمائر بعض. 7 ي يأت ً مفــــــــــرده او جمــــــــ لالسم الذي تشريالي ع وفقا ـــــــــــــــــه - Some (of the students) are gone. - Some (of the cake) is gone. - None of his advice makes sense 8 .ال بد وان يتفــــــــــق الفعــــــــــل مع الفاعــــــــل وان جاء الفــــــــــــاعل بعد الفعــــــــــــل - There were a social worker and a crew of twenty volunteers at the scene of the accident. - There are surprisingly few children in our neighbourhood. Subject and verb agreement

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 62- يه ب s وفعلها دائمـــــــ مفرد 9 .بعض العلـــــوم واالمراض والرياضات و كلمات اخري تنت ً ا athletics, economics, statistics, mathematics, politics, physics, linguistics, the United Nations, billiards, measles - Statistics is among the most difficult courses in our program . - Physics is my favourite subject. 10 .االسما ء المفــــــــــــ ع ُ تي ال ت رده ال ـــــــــــد فعلها دائمـــــــ مف ً ا ـــــــــرد مثل news, information, equipment, luggage, baggage, jewellery, rubbish, furniture, weather, money, research, traffic etc. - The traffic is awful today. - The information was very important for me. 11 .عـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـد و ُ تي ال ت االسماء المعنويه من االسماء ال فعلها دائمـــــــ مف ً ا ـــــــــرد مثل Advice, knowledge, progress, cooperation, wisdom, freedom etc. - His advice was very useful and helped me a lot. - Cooperation is essential for the success of any organisation. ش 12 .االعمال الفنيــه و االدبيــــه واسمـــــ كات اء ال وعبارات الing عاملـه المفـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـرد ُ عامل م ُ ت - “Lost Cities” describes the discoveries of many ancient civilizations - “Delmonico Brothers” specializes in organic produce. - Running with ducks is my favourite sport. يل 13 .مجموعه شريا ُ ت تي (team, audience, crowd, class, family) : ال االسماء يل المجموعه ككل شريا ُ بعدها فعل مفرد عندما ت ي - يأت - The class respects the teacher. (The class as a whole) بعدها فعل ي يل يأت جمع شريا ُ - عندما ت افراد المجموعه - The class are making too much noise. (The members of the class) 14 .عند استخدام ضمائر الوصل يجب مراعاه نوعيه االسم الذي يشرياليه هذا الضمريفاذا كان االسم جمع ياخذ فعل جمع واذا كان االسم مفرد يأخذ فعل مفرد - The girls who eat cake are happy. (Girls ……eat ……are) - The girl who eats cake is happy. (Girl ……eats ……is) مالحظــــــــه هامـــــــــة جـــــــ دا o عند وجود اسم جمعـــــي نستخدم فعل جمـــ ع بعد ضمريالوصل who وفعل مفـــرد بعد ضمريالوصـــــــــل which - The team, who are playing hard, are going to win the match. - The team, which is playing hard, is going to win the match. 15 .دائما جمع االسماء المكونه من جزئري وتأخذ فعل جمع trousers/glasses/gloves/shorts/spectacles/pyjamas/shoes/socks/scissors - His glasses are made in China. - The shoes I bought yesterday cost too much money.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 63- مالحظــــــــه هامـــــــــة جـــــــ دا o عند استخدام of pair a مع االسماء المكونه من جزئيــــــــ ن نستخدم فعل مفـــــــــــــــــرد فعل مفرد + اسم مكون من جزئيري + of pair a - A pair of gloves was here a minute ago. - A pair of shoes costs much money today.ٍٍٍٍٍ يل 16 .الكميات والمسافات والمبالغ الماليه والوقت تأخذ التعبريات الجمع الداله ع مفرد ً فعال يل وحدة واحدة عند االشاره ا SINGULAR : Six apples is enough for a pie. [Six apples >>> refers to one unit or group of apples] PLURAL: Six apples are rolling across the table. [Six apples >>> refers to individual pieces of fruit] - Seven million dollars is a lot of money. SINGULAR - Seven million dollars are in this bag. PLURAL - Four hours is a long time to eat. - Twenty litres of water is enough for our picnic. - Ten kilometres is a long way to walk. - Fifty degrees is a very high temperature. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Everyone in the telecom focus group ………experienced problems with cell phones a) has b) have c) does d) is 2. Your friendship over the years and your support ………meant a great deal to us. a) has b) have c) does d) is 3. The chances of your being promoted ………excellent. a) is b) do c) have d) are 4. Neither the professor nor his assistants ………able to solve the mystery. a) was b) were c) have d) do 5. Every year, during the midsummer festival, the smoke of village bonfires ………the sky. a) fills b) fill c) falls d) feels 6. The story performers ………surrounded by children and adults. a) was b) is c) does d) were 7. A flashlight or candles ………useful during an electricity outage. a) is b) does c) are d) do 8. ………your father or your brothers going fishing with you? a) Is b) Does c) Are d) Do

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 64- 9. Earthworms, which feed on decaying organisms, ………to improve soil conditions. a) help b) helping c) helps d) helpful 10. His father, who is a teacher, ………many poor and needy people. a) help b) helping c) helps d) helpful 11. Neither of those movies ………me. a) interest b) interesting c) interestingly d) interests 12. After I jog several miles, nothing ………as refreshing as a cold glass of water. a) are b) is c) does d) were 13. Several of the map pencils ………to be sharpened. a) needs b) is needing c) need d) needing 14. ………either of your dogs learned to sit yet? a) Have b) Has c) Do d) Does 15. One of my cats ……… the television screen when it sees a bird or lizard. a) paws b) paw c) are pawing d) are pawed 16. In the afternoon, both of my sisters ………tennis. a) plays b) playing c) are played d) play 17. Each of my friends ………signed my yearbook. a) have b) has c) do d) does 18. Many of my friends ………signed my yearbook already. a) have b) has c) do d) does 19. Each morning, the flock of geese األوز من قطيع......... their favorite spots on the pond. a) finds b) find c) founded d) finding 20. Each morning, the flock of geese ……its favorite spots on the pond. a) finds b) find c) founded d) finding 21. Jasmine’s family usually ………its reunion in the countryside. a) have b) has c) are d) is 22. After the game, the team ………hands with their opponents. a) shake b) shakes c) are Shaked d) shaking 23. I’ll wait for a sale; sixty-five dollars ………too much to pay for this. a) have b) has c) are d) is 24. One thousand pennies ………in the jar. a) were b) was c) do d) have 25. We decided to fly to Phoenix because nine hundred miles ………too far to drive. a) have b) has c) are d) is 26. Actually, physics ……… my favourites subject when I was in a secondary school. a) was b) were c) are d) is 27. The information sent by our spy ………of great importance. a) was b) were c) do d) does

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 65- من عبارات اســم الفاعــــل Ing-v وعبارات اسم المفعول P.P كصفـــــه ً ستخدم كال ُ ت اسم المفعـــــــــــــــــولP.P اســم الفاعـــــــــــــــــــــل Ing-V - a burning house (= a house that is on fire) - a broken vase - falling leaves (= leaves that fall) - a haunted house ً من عبارات اســم الفاعــــل Ing-v وعبارات اسم المفعول P.P بـــــــــــــدال ستخدم كال ُ ت تبدأ برابط سب تي من العبارات ال ـــــــب او نتيجــــــــه او تناقــــــض Because, as, since, although, so اســــم الفاعـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــل - She didn't go to the club because she knew John wouldn't come - Knowing that John wouldn't come, she didn't go to the club. - He was exhausted, so he went to bed. - Being exhausted, he went to bed. اسم المفعــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــول - The cinema is located in the city centre, so it's very popular. - Located in the city centre, the cinema is very popular - Although it was released years ago, the song is still very popular. - Although released years ago, the song is still very popular. ي صيغه المعلوم من عبارات الوصل ف ً ستخدم عبارات اسـ ـم الفاعـ ـ ـل Ing-v بدال ُ ت - Anyone who arrives late will not be admitted. - Anyone arriving late will not be admitted. ي صيغه المجهول من عبارات الوصل ف ً ستخدم عبارات اسم المفعول P.P بدال ُ ت - She lives in a house that was built in the nineteenth century. - She lives in a house built in the nineteenth century. تبدأ برابــــــط زمنـــــي تي من عبارات ال ً ستخدم عبارات اســــــــــم الفاعــــــــــل Ing-v بدال ُ ت After, before, when, as soon as, while - When he realised he had left the lights on, he returned back. - Realising he had left the lights on, he returned back. يل حدثيــــــــــــــ ن من عبار ه and لالشاره ا ً ستخدم عبارات اســــــــــم الفاعــــــــــل Ing-v بدال ُ ت تما اوقت مختلفه ي نفس الوقت اوف ي ف Compare: - She stood there and waited for him to turn up. - She stood there, waiting for him to turn up. (= actions happening at the same time) Present participle & Past participle

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 66- - He turned off the light and went to bed. - Turning off the light, he went to bed. (= actions happening one after the other) تبدأ برابـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـط ش يط تي من عبارات ال ً ستخدم عبارات اســــــــــم المفعـــــــــول P.P بدال ُ ت If, unless, providing that, on condition that, provided that - If I were given the opportunity, I would move back to Canada. - Given the opportunity, I would move back to Canada. مالحظــــــــه هامـــــــــة جـــــــ دا ضاف لها ُ تي ال ي بعض افعال الحالة ال Ing تأخــــــــذ Ing اذا استخدمت كأسم فاعـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـل مثال: Being-knowing-seeing-feeling-having-wanting - Feeling tired, I stayed home. - Being a rich man, he married four women. اسم الفاعــــــــــــل Ing-v بأستخدام not ي نف ُ ي - Not studying hard, he couldn’t get a pass. - Not feeling well, he stayed home. واحـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـد ستخدم اسم الفاعــــــــــــل Ing-v اال اذاكان فاعـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـل الجملتري ُ ال ي - Watching TV, light went out. - Watching TV, I slept. √√√ = While I was watching TV, I slept. الجملة الثانية ان فاعل الجملتري شخص واحد ي نالحظ ف ف ي الشخص الذي استغرق ف شاهد التلفاز ُ النوم هوالشخص الذيكان ي Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. I saw a woman………in the corner on her own, so I went over to see if she was OK. a) stand b) to stand c) standing d) who she was standing 2. She was lying in the middle of the road, ………for help. a) cry b) crying c) as crying d) be crying 3. He just sits around all day, ………nothing. a) does b) to do c) be doing d) doing 4. ………that I wouldn't pass the exam, I didn't take it. a) Knew b) Have known c) To know d) Knowing 5. ………our meal, we had a cup of coffee. a) Finished b) Have finished c) We have finished d) finishing 6. ………far from home, I sometimes feel lonely. a) Working b) worked c) Having work d) Work

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 67- 7. ………about the play, Ali said it was great. a) Asked b) Asking c) To ask d) Ask 8. ………to apologise, he left the room. a) Not accept b) Refused c) accepted d) Refusing 9. ………all her strength, the girl pushed open the heavy doors. a) Use b) Having been used c) Used d) Using 10. She writes a blog ………her experiences at work. a) use b) having been used c) used d) using 11. ………in the sixteenth century, the story is still a famous. a) Written b) Write c) Writing d) Wrote 12. ………to the lecture, Bill fell asleep. a) Listened b) Not listened c) Listening d) Listen 13. ……… to finish my work, I decided to stay in. a) Wanted b) Wanting c) Want d) To want 14. ………well-qualified for the job, he got it. a) Be b) Being c) Having been d) To be 15. ………how rude I’d been, I apologised. a) Realising b) Realised c) Having realised d) a & c 16. He left early ………to catch the first bus. a) hope b) hoped c) Not hoping d) hoping 17. The police questioned the criminal ………yesterday. a) arresting b) was arrested c) who he was arrested d) arrested 18. Anyone ………troubles will be punished. a) make b) made c) is making d) making 19. The children ………in the street broke the window. a) play b) playing c) played d) to play 20. ………by many people, he was awarded first prize. a) admiring b) admired c) being admired d) b & c 21. Choose the sentence which is correctly structured. a) While walking in the street, a car accident happened. b) Walking in the street, a car accident happened. c) Walked in the street, a car accident happened. d) Walking in the street, I saw a car accident. 22. ………a message, I would attend the wedding party. a) Send b) Sending c) Sent d) To send 23. ………enough time, he decided to leave at once. a) Having b) Not to have c) Not having d) To have 24. She wore the new scarf she ………last week. a) buy b) buys c) bought d) buying 25. ………home, he jumped into bed. a) Arrived b) Arriving c) To arrive d) Arrival

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 68- ضـ ـارع المستمـر ُ الم صيغـــه المجهـــــول ضـ ـ ـ ـ ـارع المستمر (ing.v + are/is/am (للتعبيـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـر عن: ُ نستخـ ـ ـ ـدم الم مواقـف مؤقتـة لحظه الكـالم - Hurry up! We are all waiting for you! - Why are you crying? ترتيبــات مستقبليـة (arrangements( - We’re having dinner at seven o’clock today. - I can't see you now. I'm revising for the exams. إزعــــاج او ضيـــق (annoyance( - Why is he always playing his guitar? - She is always laughing loudly. (today-this week-this year-these days) مع يل ات حول الوقت الحا في - Young people aren’t reading newspapers these days. - You are working hard today. تغيـــرات تدريجيــة مع افعال مثل (improve–increase–get–become–grow–start–begin–fall–rise) - The population of the world is increasing very fast. - He is getting better now. ستخـدم مع المضارع المستمر ُ ظروف وافعال ت Now Listen! still Watch out! At the moment Look! just Be careful! مالحظه هامـ ـ ـ ـ ـة: ان الحدث بدأ ولم تي رصوري ان يكون الحدث مستمر لحظه الكالم بمع - ليس من ال يل مثـال يه ويحدث حول الوقت الحا ينت - I am reading a novel at the present time, but I can't remember the name of its author. يف حالة المجهـ ـ ـ ـ ـول من: يتكون المضارع المستمر Object + am-is-are + being + p.p - Somebody is cleaning the room. The room is being cleaned (by somebody). - She's cleaning the carpets now. ٍٍ The carpets are being cleaned now (by her). The Present Continuous

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 69- Stative or state verbs & action or dynamic verbs يل الحالـ ـة شريا ُ يل الحركة واالفعال التـ ـي ت شيـ ـر ا ُ االفعال التـي ت مالحظه هامـــــة يل الحالـة اذا استخدمت مع األزمنة المستمرة فإنها شريا ُ ت تي يل بعض االفعـال ال شريا ُ ت مختلـ ـف تي الحركـة بمع ① Action or dynamic verbs: تسىمٍبأفعالٍالحركةٍألنهاٍأفعالٍحسيـــةٍظاهرةٍتوضحٍالفاعلٍالذيٍقامٍبهذاٍالحدثٍ كـ ـل األزمنـ ـ ـة وتستخدم هذه األفعال ف - He is throwing the ball. - She bought a new phone yesterday. - I'll play this song on my guitar. ② Stative or state verbs: ه أفعال محددة تستخدم لتصف المشاعر واألحاسيس والعتقاد والوزن والقياس : س والشعور والحتمال أو الظن والحواس الطبيعية والملكية ومنها الن الح 1. thoughts and opinions واالفكار اآلراء think, know, mean, imagine, believe, agree, deny, depend, remember, understand, suppose, matter, suspect, concern, feel, forget 2. feelings and emotions والمشاعر االحاسيس like, love, miss, wish, want, prefer, mind, please, care, desire, hate, impress, satisfy 3. how you see the world ٍٍٍٍٍٍ الحواس افعال hear, see, look, smell, taste, feel 4. possessions and measurements والقياس الملكية افعال belong, have, own, possess, contain, consist of, include, fit, measure, weigh يف زمن المضارع البسيط واألزمنة البسيطة األخرى يت هذه الفعال تأ - Islam is having a wonderful car. () ستخدم مع األزمنة المستمرة ُ افعال الملكية ل ت - Islam has a wonderful car. (✓✓✓✓) ستخدم مع األزمنة البسيطة ُ افعال الملكية ت - He is thinking that English is easy. () - He thinks that English is easy. (✓✓✓✓)

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 70- يل الحال شريا عاده v.to.be ُ ما يستخدم كفعل ي ــــــــ ستخ ُ ة ولكن عندما ي ــــــــدم مع األزمنـــــــة )يتصـ ـ ـرف( تي بمع ي المستمرة فهو يأت be (stative) You are stupid = It's part of your personality ٍيكون be (action) You are being stupid = only now, not usually مؤقتا يترصف --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- think (stative) I think that coffee is great. يعتقد think (action) I'm thinking about my next holiday. فكر ُ ي --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- have (stative) I have a car عنده-يمتلك have (action) I'm having a good time/dinner/coffee شب يتناول)ي -يأكل(- ضي يق --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- taste (stative) This soup tastes great. مذاق له taste (action) The chef is tasting the soup يتذوق --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- smell (stative) The flower smells good. رائحة له smell (action) They are smelling flowers. يشم --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- look (stative) She looks great. ٍٍٍٍٍٍ يبدو look (action) They are looking for the keys. ٍٍٍٍٍٍ يبحث --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- feel (stative) She was feeling the table in the dark. يستشعر-يتحسس feel (action) She feels tired. يشعر --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- weigh (stative) She weighs 70 kilograms. وزنه يبلغ weigh (action) She is weighing herself. يزن --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- see (stative) I see what you mean ٍٍ يفهم I see her now, she's just coming along the road ٍٍ يري see (action) I'm seeing Robert tomorrow ٍٍٍ ـل ـ قابـ ُ ي

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 71- المضارع البسيط والمضارع المستمر الفرق بري be + having - She’s having a baby in a few months. = to give birth to تلد - They’re having a party next door. = to arrange or carry out يقيم Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. She ………the soup in the kitchen when the telephone rang. a) was tasting b) tasted c) has tasted d) is tasting 2. This tea ………too sweet. How much sugar did you add? a) is tasting b) taste c) tastes d) tasting 3. I have a large house. "Have" is a state verb which means ……… a) owner b) possess c) owe d) achieve 4. He is tasting the soup to decide whether it needs salt. "taste" is a/an ………verb. a) action b) state c) short d) passive 5. He often helps other people. I ………he is a good man. a) think b) am thinking c) have been thinking d) am being though 6. She is so attractive. I ………of her all the time. a) thinks b) am thinking c) thinking d) am being though 7. The baby ………ten pounds. a) is weighing b) weighs c) is weigh d) weighing 8. The nurse ………the baby. a) is weighing b) weigh c) is weigh d) weighing 9. These flowers ………nice! a) smell b) are smelling c) are smelled d) smelling 10. I don’t speak much Spanish but I ………it when I hear it.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 72- a) am understanding b) understanding c) is understanding d) understand 11. Strawberry ice-cream is okay but I would ………chocolate ice-cream. a) prefer b) preferring c) am preferring d) preferred 12. I borrowed money from my friend. Now I ………him 100 dollars. a) owes b) am owing c) owed d) owe 13. ………your home or do you pay rent every month? a) Do you own b) Are you owning c) You own d) You are owning 14. My sister ………a baby girl yesterday. a) has b) is having c) has had d) had 15. My sister ………a baby girl in the next few months. a) has b) is having c) has had d) had 16. I ……… a little boy in the room. He is sleeping on the sofa. a) am seeing b) see c) saw d) had seen 17. Now, she ………Janet very well. a) knows b) know c) is knowing d) knew 18. Are you hungry? ………a sandwich? a) Are you wanting b) Do you want c) You are wanting d) You want 19. A: What is that child doing? B: He ………silly . a) is b) is being c) being d) be 20.Most scientists ………that the world is getting hotter. a) believe b) are believing c) is believed d) are believed 21. He ………a lecture at Cairo University tomorrow evening. a) gives b) gave c) is giving d) is given 22. John ………a shower, so he can't answer the phone. a) has b) had c) was having d) is having 23.My friend ………a pet dog. a) have b) is having c) has d) are having 24. My friend ……a really good time on the beach this summer. a) have b) is having c) has d) are having 25.The 6 o’clock plane to Heathrow airport ………after ten minutes. a) leave b) is leaving c) leaves d) left

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 73- A. Countable nouns: تعد تي األسماء ال يكون لها مفرد وجمع / تسبق ب an - a - عدد تي يه األسماء ال a book ……books an egg ……eggs ٍ a bus ……buses a library ……libraries a man ……men an oasis ……oases a child ……children a woman ……women a tooth ……teeth a mouse ……mice ٍ a foot ……feet a datum ……data عد أيضا مع الكلمات اآلتية: ُ ت تي ستخدم األسماء ال ُ ت (Some/any/many/how many/a few/a lot of /one/two/three) - Some children are swimming in the sea. - I have a few books in my bag. - Were there any mistakes in your homework? - There are a lot of schools in Cairo. B. Uncountable nouns: عد ُ تي ال ت األسماء ال : ي عاملة المفرد و ليس لها جمع ومنها االت ُ عامل م ُ تي ال تعد ت األسماء ال light – news – behavior – cloth – meat – soap – homework – petrol – music – food – information – luggage – baggage – bread – cake – time – -advice – oil experience – fish – news water – money – music – equipment – traffic – rubbish – furniture – jewellery – cash . عد أيضا مع الكلمات اآلتية ُ تي ال ت ستخدم األسماء ال ُ ت (Some/any/much/how much/a little/a lot of/the/this/that) - I’d like to have some tea. - There is a little sugar in the cup. - I don’t have any money. - I drank a lot of water as I was thirsty. - How much money do you need? - I bought much sugar. يل مجموعه: شريا ُ ت تي (team, audience, crowd, class, family) ال االسماء يل المجموعه ككل شريا ُ بعدها فعل مفرد عندما ت ي - يأت - The class respects the teacher. (The class as a whole) يل افراد المجموعه شريا ُ بعدها فعل جمع عندما ت ي - يأت - The class are making too much noise. (The members of the class) مفرد ً يل الكميات والمسافات والمبالغ الماليه والوقت تأخذ فعال التعبريات الجمع الداله ع عند يل وحدة واحدة االشارة ا - Seven million dollars is a lot of money. - Two hours is a long time to eat. - Twenty litres of water is enough for our picnic. - Ten kilometres is a long way to walk. - Fifty degrees is a very high temperature Countable and uncountable nouns

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 74- تي عد عل حسب المع ُ عد اوال ت ُ بعض األسماء يمكن ان ت ➢ What time is it ? ٍالوقت ➢ I visited him five times مرات ➢ I don't like orange. I prefer blue. ل اللون الريتقا ➢ Give me an orange , please? ٍبرتقالة ➢ The window’s made of glass. ٍخام ➢ Would you like a glass of water? ٍمنٍكوب ➢ Do you like chicken? ٍالفراخٍلحم ➢ Do you like chickens? ٍالفراخ ➢ Have you got any coffee? الري ➢ Would you like a coffee? ٍفنجان ➢ There’s hair on the floor. شعر ➢ I’ve got a hair in my mouth. شعرة ➢ I’d like some writing paper. ٍالكتابةٍورق ➢ I’m going to buy a paper. جريدة Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. The advice you gave me ………really useful. Thanks! a) was b) were c) have d) has 2. Your money ………on the table in the dining room. a) is b) are c) have d) were 3. The trousers you bought for me ………fit me. a) doesn’t b) don’t c) isn’t d) aren’t 4. The police ………arrested three suspects. a) is b) are c) have d) has 5. Two hours ………a long time to wait. a) is b) are c) have been d) were 6. Physics………my favourite subject. a) is b) are c) were d) have 7. The luggage………very heavy. a) are b) have been c) are being d) is 8. All the news………good. a) are b) were c) have been. d) is 9. My brother has………experience, so he didn't get the job. a) a little b) a few c) little d) few 10.Of course, you can have some milk. Get………out of the cupboard. a) glass b) a glass c) glass d) gases 11. Be careful with that vase because it's made of………! a) glass b) a glass c) glasses d) gases 12. I love your hair………really soft. a) It's b) They're c) We're d) He's 13. Fifty degrees………a very high temperature. a) are b) is being c) were d) is 14.Ten kilometres………a long way to run. a) are b) have been c) is d) be

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 75- أدوات المعرفة والنكرة الحظ استخدامات an/a مع االصوات الساكنة والمتحركة نضع a قبلٍالسمٍالمفردٍالذىٍيعدٍالبادئٍبحرفٍساكنٍ ٍٍٍa pen – a car – a book etc. نضعٍ a قبلٍالسمٍالمفردٍالذىٍيعدٍالبادئٍبحرف (u (ولكنهٍينطقٍ(y( a university–a European country–a uniform–a useful thing–a utensil نضعٍ an قبلٍالسمٍالمفردٍالبادئٍبصوتٍ متحركٍ(u, o, I, e, a( ٍٍ an elephant–an apple–an orange–an umbrella–an item–an ugly boy نضع an قبلٍالسمٍالمفردٍالذىٍيعدٍالبادئٍبصوت ساكنٍولٍينطقٍويليهٍصوت متحركٍ an hour – an honest man – an x-ray ي وتستخدم an/a ايضا الحاالت االتية ف 1 -عندماٍيذكرٍالسمٍألولٍمرة - We have a house with a garden. عد ُ 2 -قبل السم الموصوف الذى ي - We have got a new car. - Dad told me an interesting story. 3 -لنش يإل وظائف األشخاص - He is a teacher - My uncle is an engineer. نطقكحروف منفصله ُ ت ن 4 -قبل الختصارات ال - He sent me an SMS. مالحظـــــه هامـــــه ن لٍنستخـــــــــــــٍدمٍ an/a قبلٍاألسمــــــــــاءٍالجمـــعٍأوٍاألسماءٍالمفـــــــــــردةٍ ل تعـ ـ ال ــــــــــدٍولٍاألسمـــاء [love-peace-freedom….] المعنويــة - All Cars have wheels. [ NOT: A Cars] The definite article " the ": " the " ٍالتعريفٍأداةٍنستخدم الجملة الول ) نكرة أصبح معرفة( الجملة الثانية وتم ذكره ف 1 -قبل السم الذى تكررف - I have got a house with a garden. The house is small, but the garden is huge. س 2 -عندما يكون هناك واحد فقط من ال [The sun–the moon–the universe–the world–the horizon–the earth] - The sun rises in the east. اعات والكتشافات 3 -قبل الخي - The plane has made travel very fast. صيغة المفرد ( بعده الفعل ف 4 -قبل اسم الحيوان المفرد لنش يإل النوعكله ) ويأن - The camel bears thirst. [All camels bear thirst] Definite and indefinite articles

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 76- - The giraffe has a long neck. [All giraffes have...] 5 -قبلٍصفاتٍالمقارنةٍالقصوىٍ)ٍالتفضيلٍ(ٍ - The computer is the most important modern invention. - Ali is the tallest boy in the class. 6 -المقارنة قبل جزن ٍٍكلما ...كلما - The more you work, the more you earn صيغة الجمع ( بعدها فعل ف 7 -قبل الصفة لنش يإل الكل أو الجمع ) ويأن - The poor = poor people The rich = rich people 8 -قبل أسماء سالسل الجبال ومجموعات البح يات ومجموعات الجزر - The Alps – The Himalayas – The Great lakes – The Caribbean islands theٍتستخدم- 9 ا س ) للزيارة مثال قبل أسماء األماكن التالية إذا استخدمت لغ يغرضها األسا School – university – hospital –prison – mosque – church – market - My father went to the school yesterday. [As a visitor] - My father went to school yesterday. ٍٍٍٍ ٍٍٍ[As a teacher] Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. France is ………European country. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 2. I found ………unusual insect on the wall outside our house. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 3. Have you got ………euro I could borrow? a) an b) a c) the d) no article 4. Lebanon is ………Arab country. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 5. Mum, where is ………hat that I bought yesterday? a) an b) a c) the d) no article 6. The Earth moves round ………Sun. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 7. It's ………most expensive car I've ever seen. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 8. At night, we can see ………moon in the sky a) an b) a c) the d) no article 9. Sara went to ………library to borrow a book. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 10. The girls at this school are much better than ………boys. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 11. ………school holidays are starting soon. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 12. I really hate ………intolerance. a) an b) a c) the d) no article

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 77- 13. ………Peace is the aim we try hard to achieve. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 14. I'd like to go by air, not by ………sea. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 15. As soon as he finishes his education, he will join………. a) the army b) army c) armies d) an army 16. Let's have ………lunch and go out afterwards. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 17. ………Chemistry is one of the most intensely studied topics. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 18.………money doesn't always mean happiness. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 19.He went to ………hospital three days ago. He is still seriously ill. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 20.He went to ………hospital three days ago. He went to visit his sick friend. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 21. Have you finished ………book I lent you? a) a b) some c) one d) the 22.She gave me ………encouraging reply. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 23.I asked ………Professor Ahmed about his childhood. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 24.………Lake Nasser lies behind the high Dam. a) an b) a c) the d) no article 25.I'm going to tell you about ………career of a famous man. a) an b) a c) the d) no article

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 78- شطيـ ـ ـة الحاالت ال Zero Conditional مضارع بسيط + (.s, (مضارع بسيط + (.s + (When /If تعريهذه الحالة عن حقيقة أو عـادة: - If you heat ice, it melts. = When you heat ice, it melts. هـــــــــذهٍالحالــــــــــةٍتعميــــــــــــــــــــمٍالكالم واستخــــــــــــــٍدامٍظروفٍالتكــــــــــــــرار نالحـــــــــظ ف (always – usually – sometimes...) - If you water plants, they grow. = When you water …… (Plants in general any plant) - If I have time, I usually walk to school. = When I have …. First Conditional If + )s.) + بسيط مضارع) ,s.) +’ll/may/can/should/had better/must + inf. ف المضارع أو المستقبل )تنبؤ -ٍ ل للتعب يعن شط محتمل حدوثه تستخدم الحالة األو وعدٍ- تهديد(ٍ - If I earn some money, I'll go abroad. ل الحالة األو يمكن أن تستخدم المضارع التام بدل من المضارع البسيط ف - If she has had enough time tomorrow, she will type the reports. ل جملة أمريه أوطلب مهذب الحالة األو شط ف يمكن أن يكون جواب ال - If Samy visits you, don’t tell him about our meeting. ستخدم ُ ت unlessٍبدلٍمنٍif صيغة اإلثبات: بعدها الفعل ف ويأن - Unless she takes a taxi, she won't be there in time. = If she doesn't take a taxi, she won't be there in time. Second Conditional If + (s.) + بسيط ضي ما) ,s.) + would/could/might + inf. ف المستقبل: تعريالحالة الثانية عن موقف غ يمحتمل حدوثه - If I knew his e-mail address, I’d send him an e-mail. )I don’t know his e-mail address…( سء مناقض للواقع: سء مستحيل أو يمكن أن تعريالحالة الثانية أحيانا عن - If I were a bird, I'd fly. : اإلثبات و النق لحظ عكس الجملة ف - He doesn’t work harder, so he doesn't earn enough money. ه األكي ر لحظٍأنهٍيمكنٍاستخدام were/was معٍit/she/he/I معٍمالحظةٍأنٍwereٍ استخداما ومع كل الضمائر: - If I was/were offered a ticket, I’d take it. عندماٍتبدأٍالجملةٍبـٍ were بعدها :to + inf. يأن - If he knew the address, he would give it to me. = Were he to know the address, he would give it to me. If Conditionals

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 79- وإذاٍكانت were مكان الجملة تأن موجودة أصال ف ifٍ: - If I were rich, I would help poor people. = Were I rich, I would help poor people. Third Conditional If + (s.) + تام ضي ما) ,s.) + would/could/might have + PP. ض: ف الما ف حالة تخيل عكس ما حدث تستخدم الحالة الثالثه - If he had been honest, he wouldn't have lied to her. ف حالة وجود perhaps لحظٍاستخدامٍٍ might - If he had had friends, he might not have felt lonely. ض:ٍٍ ف الما الحالة الثالثة تعريعن ندم عل ما حدث - If I had known you were in hospital, I'd have gone to see you. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. If it ………, our plants will grow well. a) has rained b) will rain c) had rained d) raining 2. If you heat ice, it ………. a) is melting b) melted c) melts d) would melt 3. If you mix yellow and blue, you ……… green. a) would get b) are getting c) get d) may get 4. If there ……a sandstorm tonight, the town will be full of sand. a) is b) had been c) was d) were 5. If you ………those apples now, they won't taste very sweet a) picked b) will pick c) have picked d) pick 6. If you leave now, you ……… the train. a) catch b) will catch c) would catch d) must have caught 7. Water freezes if the temperature ……… zero or below. a) is b) was c) has been d) will be 8. If he hadn't looked at the sun, he ……… damaged his sight. a) won't have b) will have c) wouldn't have d) would have 9. If I were you, I ……… listen to the weather forecast before deciding where to go tomorrow. a) shall b) would c) can d) may

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 80- 10.If I ……… a planet, I would give it my aunt's name. a) had discovered b) discovered c) discover d) have discovered 11. What would have happened if there ………a flood here? a) was b) were c) have been d) had been 12. If I ………you, I'd listen to the weather forecast before going for a picnic. a) were b) had been c) am d) were being 13. If it had been cold, our plants ……… a) die b) dies c) would die d) would have died 14.If the bus ……… late again, I will phone my mother. a) arrive b) arrived c) arrives d) had arrived 15. If I ……… to that school, I wouldn't have met you. a) don't go b) hadn't gone c) didn't go d) hasn't gone 16.If you had not phoned, I ………you were back from your holiday. a) won't know b) wouldn't know c) wouldn't have known d) will know 17. If you ……… all the way, it would take about 3 hours. a) walk b) are walking c) walked d) had walked 18.What ……… if a huge storm hit the coast of Egypt? a) happens b) would happen c) would have happened d) will happen 19.If the storm had reached the city, houses and shops ………. a) would have destroyed b) would be destroyed c) would have been destroyed d) will be destroyed 20. If it ……… too hot tomorrow, we will not go to the beach. a) is b) were c) had been d) was 21. I would go to the moon if I ………. a) am asked b) were asked c) have been asked d) had been asked 22. People who live near volcanoes leave home if they ………. a) had erupted b) erupted c) would erupt d) erupt

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 81- ونيــــــــه الرسالـــــــــه االلكي What is an email? What do we need to open one? - email = electronic mail - We need a username and a password to open an email. What are the Parts of an email? الراسل sender➢ المستلم recipient➢ شيط العنوان line subject➢ ➢ salutation-greeting التحيه ونيه body➢ هدف الرساله االلكي ➢ closings (conclusion) ونيه خاتمه الرساله االلكي ➢ signature or sign-off التوقيع ➢ language(formal-informal) المستخدمه اللغه ➢ attachment (file-link-video) بااليميل المرفقات التدقيق اللغوي Proofreading➢ what about the form? To: ……………. From: ……………. Subject: ……………… , اســـــــــــم المرســـــــــــــل اليــــــــــــــة Dear …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… اسم الراســــــــــــــــــــل …………….…… Yassin [email protected] What does each part of this email stand for? Yassin Khaled >>> User name @ >>> At . >>> dot gmail.com >>> domain name Emails

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 82- What are the types of emails? Formal Email االيميـــــــــــــل الرسمـــــــــــــــــــي Salutation التحيـــة - Dear Sir, - Dear Madam, - Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. - Dear Dr./Prof. + االســم, Sign-off التوقيــــع - Yours sincerely, - Yours faithfully, - Yours truly, - Thank you, - Best wishes, - Regards, language اللغـــــة - Abbreviations, contractions and emojis can’t be used like: Lol, ASAP, wasn’t, didn’t مك ُ ال ي ــــــــــــــن استخــــدام االختصـــــــارات او الكلمات المختصـــــــــــره - Imperative can’t be used like: Write back ُال مكـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـن استخـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـدام صيغـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـه ي االمـــــــــــــــــــر - Slang words and expressions can’t be used like: gonna, wanna, guys, yeah, okay etc. ُال مكـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـن استخـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـدام الكلمـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـات العاميـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ي ــــــة Informal Email االيميـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـل غريالرسمـــــــــــــــــــي Salutation التحيـــة االســــــم + Hi- االســــــم + Hello- االســـــم + Hey- - Dear mum, Sign-off التوقيــــع - See you later, - Bye, - Yours, - All the best, - Talk to you later, - Love, - Take care, - Thanks, language اللغـــــة مك ُ ي ــــــــــــــن استخــــدام االختصـــــــارات او الكلمات المختصـــــــــــره Lol, ASAP, wasn’t, didn’t ُ يمكـــــــــــــــن استخــــــــــــــدام صيغـــــــــــــــــــه االمـــــــــــــــــــر Write back مكـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـن استخـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـدام الكلمـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـات العاميـــــــــــــــــــة ُ ي gonna, wanna, guys, yeah, okay etc.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 83- ➢ Which is formal and which is informal? What clues prove that? Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing this letter to apply for the position of student welfare officer. I believe that I am suited to the role because I enjoy helping people feel more positive. At school, I have learnt to deal with stressful situations. I like using my weekends and evenings to help other students. I always appear to be calm which helps the person I am speaking to. I am very excited by this role and I hope you decide to offer me the position. I hope to hear from you soon. Yours faithfully, Mariam _________________________________________________________ Hi there, You asked for some study tips and I have two good ones for you: Try using the Pomodoro technique. You concentrate on your work for 25 minutes, then take a break, then do another session for the same amount of time, then take another break. After a few of these, you take a longer break . Try teaching another student something you find difficult to understand. Prepare something before you meet up with them. Then explain it to your friend as well as you can. Let me know how the studying goes. Talk to you soon! _________________________________________________________ Exercises on emails Choose the correct answer: 1. Which of these can’t be used in a formal email? a) Unity b) Being decent c) Formal words d) Slang 2. A/An ……… is a digital message. a) paragraph b) letter c) essay d) email 3. A header is part of an email that contains the address of the ……… a) article b) sender c) recipient d) b & c 4. What should you do before you click the “send” button? a) write one sentence b) reread the email c) a & b d) use an envelope

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 84- 5. In an email, the ……… line is where you type what the email is about. a) to b) subject c) attachment d) from 6. In a formal email, you will conclude it with “……….” a) Bye b) Yours sincerely c) See you later d) See you soon. 7. In an informal email, you can conclude with ……… a) Bye b) See you later c) A and B d) Yours sincerely 8. Which option is not a good way to finish an email to a close friend? a) See you soon b) Goodbye c) All the best d) Yours sincerely 9. When starting an email to a friend, it is a good idea to ………. a) say that you will write to them soon. b) give the necessary information they are looking for. c) ask about their school friends. d) ask how they are and tell them something about you. 10.What can you use when writing an email to a friend? a) contractions b) full forms c) passive voice d) direct speech 11. If you start your e-mail with ‘Dear sir or Madam, which of the following should you use as a closing greeting or an ending phrase? a) Bye for now b) See you soon c) Cheers, d) Yours sincerely 12. If you start your e-mail with ‘Hi, Salwa’, which of the following should you use as a closing greeting or an ending phrase? a) Lots of love, b) Yours sincerely, c) Yours faithfully, d) Best regards 13.A header is part of an email that contains the address of the………. a) article b) sender c) recipient d) b & c 14.What should you do before you click the “send” button? a) I write meaningful sentence. b) I use an envelope c) I reread the email. d) c & b 15.A phrase which asks the person receiving the email to contact you, is ……….

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 85- a) don’t be late, please b) Please get back to me with… c) I think you don’t intend to contact me d) I’ll be angry if you don’t contact me 16.A subject line should …………. a) capture the attention of the recipient b) be irrelevant to the body of the email c) contain several transition words d) use difficult and uncommon vocabulary 17. An opening line in an informal e-mail could be …………. a) how are you? c) I need to ask a few questions regarding your new application b) Allow me to introduce myself. d) I read about your company’s new product 18. A closing statement in a formal email could be: a) Your friend b) Chat soon c) Cheers! d) please let me know if you have any questions. 19.The opening and closing greetings in any e-mail depend on …………. a) how close you are to the recipient b) how fluent in English the recipient is c) how much vocabulary you have learnt d) how good at typing you are 20.A word to focus the receiver's attention on a specific part of a question is …………. a) especially b) hardly c) rarely d) Normally

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 86- What is a paragraph? A paragraph is a group of closely-related sentences that discuss a single idea or topic. It has a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. الفقـــــرة اإلنشائيـــــة ت يه ي ابطة وال ي ُ مجموعة من الجمل الم تناقش فكــــــرة واحــــــــــــــدة يل جمل وتحتوي ع ــــــــــه افتتاحيـــــــــه وبعض الجمــــــــل الداعمــــــــــ ه وجملـــــــــه ختاميـــــــــــه What are the main parts of a paragraph? 1. Topic Sentence االفتتاحية الجملة - The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph. الفقره االنشائية ي يه اول جمله ف - It introduces the main idea of the paragraph. تقدم الفكره الرئيسيه للفقره Tip: Start with something simple, understood and straightforward. ي كتابه الفقره للبدء ف سه االنشائيه ابدا ب ـــــــــل وواضــــــــــــح يسهل فهمـــــه شي 2. Supporting sentences الداعمه مل ُ الج - They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph. يه جمل تتلوا الجمله االفتتاحيه وتشكل جسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـد الموضوع - They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph. تعطـــــــــــي تفاصيـــــــــــــــل تدعــــــــــــــم الفكره الرئيسيه للفقــــــــــــره االنشائية - They give examples, causes, reasons, results and evidences. عط ُ ت ـــــــي امثلــــــــــــــه واسباب ونتائــــــــــــج وادلــــــــــــة Paragraph

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 87- 3. concluding Sentence الختامية الجملة - The concluding sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph. ــــــــــــ الموض يه أخ ي ر جملة ف ــــــــوع - The concluding Sentence doesn’t introduce anything new. It either summarizes what you already talked about or paraphrases the topic Sentence. إعادة صياغة أو تلخيص ما تم ِذ ــــــــــرة الجمله الختاميه ال تضيف شرت إما ك ئ جديدا ودورها ملة االفتتاحية ُ الج ي ف Canada is one of the best countries in the world to live in. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. To sum up, Canada is a desirable place to live. What are the different kinds of paragraphs? ➢ descriptive ي وصف The descriptive paragraph describes something and shows the reader what a thing or a person is like. The words chosen in the description often appeal to the five senses of touch, smell, sight, sound, and taste. ➢ narrative ي ئ روات The narrative paragraph tells a story. There’s a sequence of action or there’s a clear beginning, middle, and end to the paragraph. ➢ expository or informative or how-to تفسريي This type of paragraph provides an explanation and guidance. It may also explain how to do something and lead the reader through each step. يع persuasive➢ اقنا This type of paragraph tries to get the reader to accept a particular point of view or understand the writer’s position. Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding sentence

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 88- Exercises on paragraphs Choose the correct answer: 1. What is a paragraph? a) a group of letters that make a word b) a group of words that make a sentence c) a group of sentences about one idea d) a group of paragraphs about one idea 2. To indent, add space ………. a) before the second word. b) before the first sentence. c) before the last letter. d) before the last paragraph. 3. In a paragraph, indent ………. a) only the first sentence. b) all the sentences. c) only the last sentence. d) only the conclusion 4. In a paragraph, each sentence begins ………. a) in a separate list. b) on a new line. c) after the previous sentence. d) after adding question mark. 5. In a paragraph, how can a writer make sure sentences are about the same idea? a) by giving some examples about each topic b) by including sentences about many different topics c) by adding sentences about different topics d) by removing sentences about different topics 6. In a paragraph, it is a mistake to include ………. a) sentences about different ideas. b) sentences about one idea. c) sentences about good ideas. d) sentences about a main topic. 7. A/An ………shows the beginning of a paragraph. a) dash b) period c) indent d) capital letter 8. A paragraph is a group of sentences about………. a) many topics b) one topic c) two topics d) several topics 9. The topic sentence tells the ………of a paragraph. a) main idea b) conclusion c) title d) details 10. The topic sentence often comes ………. a) at the end of a paragraph. b) in the middle of a paragraph. c) after writing the details of a paragraph. d) at the beginning of a paragraph. 11. Choose the best topic sentence for a paragraph about people in San Francisco.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 89- a) There are several reasons why many people live in San Francisco. b) San Francisco is a wonderful place. c) San Francisco is a terrible place. d) Some of the best restaurants in the United States are in San Francisco. 12. Choose the best topic sentence for a paragraph about starting a new business. a) Many people say you should never give up. b) It is important to have a plan before you create a new business. c) Money is necessary, and you should learn how to use it. d) You should make a study plan to pass your exams. 13. A topic sentence………. a) is one kind of supporting sentence. b) tells the main idea of a paragraph. c) tells you the paragraph is over. d) is the last sentence in a paragraph. 14. Supporting sentences in a paragraph ………. a) are directly related to the main idea. b) do not give information about the main idea. c) are about different topics. d) have nothing to do with the topic. 15. Supporting sentences can………. a) give more information about the main idea. b) start a new paragraph. c) repeat the topic sentence. d) follow the concluding sentence. 16. Choose the best supporting sentence for this topic sentence: The businessman is a social entrepreneur. a) He is a happy and friendly person. b) He wants to help people in need. c) He likes to go to parties with friends. d) He likes to have fun. 17. Choose the best supporting sentence for this topic sentence: Many of the girls live in poverty. a) They live in towns with their families. b) They bake bread and make dolls to sell. c) They do not have enough money. d) They are very rich. 18. Choose the best supporting sentence for this topic sentence: A traveling library goes to small towns once a month. a) The local children can get books to read. b) The people in the towns cannot read.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 90- c) Books are not important in small towns. b) The people in the towns can buy some pencils, pens and paper. 19. Choose the best supporting sentence for this topic sentence: A group of girls in the United States donated money to girls in Africa. a) They learned about Asia and Europe, too. b) They wanted to help the girls in Africa who are rich. c) They had to write a report about African schools. d) They wanted to help the girls in need. 20. A good paragraph has one topic sentence, supporting sentences, and ………. a) several main ideas. b) extra information. c) one concluding sentence. d) hook 21. A concluding sentence is usually ………. a) the first sentence in a paragraph. b) the second sentence in a paragraph. c) the third sentence in a paragraph. d) the last sentence in a paragraph. 22. The concluding sentence often repeats ………. a) the supporting sentences in the paragraph. b) all the sentences in the paragraph. c) the main idea in the paragraph. d) the conclusion in the paragraph 23. A concluding sentence can use ………. a) the same words as the topic sentence. b) different words from the topic sentence. c) words about a new main idea. d) words of a different topic. 24. Choose the concluding sentence that goes with this topic sentence: Too much time at the computer is bad for children’s health. a) Some children can learn to write on the computer. b) Parents should volunteer at the school computer lab. c) Some children can learn to read on the computer. d) Children who spend a lot of time at the computer may become unhealthy. 25. Choose the concluding sentence that goes with this topic sentence: Some computer games can make learning fun for children. a) Teachers worry about children who cannot read. b) Too many computers in one house can be a problem.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 91- c) Many children enjoy computer activities with spelling and math games. d) Too many computers in one house can waste students’ time. 26. ……is smooth and logical flow of sentences in a paragraph. a) Incoherence b) Coherence c) Unity d) Emphasis 27. Supporting details are …………. a) sentences that expresses the main point, or idea, of a paragraph. b) reasons, examples, and other details that support the main point of the paragraph. c) the sentences that express the main point, or idea, of a paragraph. d) sentences with signal that increase effectiveness of organization. 28. Which of the following is correct? a) It doesn’t really matter how many sentences are there. b) A paragraph must include five sentences. c) A paragraph must include at least three sentences. d) Two sentences are enough for being called a paragraph. 29. The ………paragraph describes something and shows the reader what a thing or a person is like. a) narrative b) expository c) persuasive d) descriptive 30. The ………paragraph tells a story. There’s a sequence of action or there’s a clear beginning, middle, and end to the paragraph. a) narrative b) expository c) persuasive d) descriptive 31. A/An ………paragraph tries to get the reader to accept a particular point of view or understand the writer’s position. a) narrative b) expository c) persuasive d) descriptive 32. A/An ………paragraph provides an explanation and guidance. It may also explain how to do something and lead the reader through each step. a) narrative b) expository c) persuasive d) descriptive

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 92- الكلمــات االنتقاليـــــــــــه )ادوات الربـــــــــــط( - Transitions are words or phrases that are inserted into writing in order to connect thoughts and ideas. sequence تي روابـط التسلسل الزم conditional ش ال طيـ ـ ـة روابـ ـ ـط ال اذاٍ if بعد-قبل before/after as soon as/once انٍبمجرد unless ٍلمٍاذا by the time قبل provided ٍاذا till/until اذاٍ providing ح ن since/the moment لحظة-منذ as long as طالما when/while ٍبينما-عندما on condition that حالة ف Immediately on فور supposing حالة ف during/then ٍثم-اثناء what if حالة ف Contrast روابـــط التناقــــــض ولكنٍ جمله + yet/still/but بالرغمٍمن جمله + although ل النقيض جمله + contrast In بالرغمٍمن جمله + though even ع ل النقيض ,contrary the On بالرغمٍمن جمله + though ع بينما جمله + while بالرغمٍمن ing.v-اسم + Despite In spite of + اسم-v.ing منٍبالرغم whereas + جمله بينما منٍناحيةٍ ,hand one On ومعٍذلكٍ جمله +... ,However Nevertheless, + جملهٍ ذلكٍومع On the other hand, من ناحية اخري Cause and effect السبب والنتيجـــة لذلكٍ جمله + thus/so لن جمله + because because of + اسم-v.ing ٍبسبب Hence + جملهٍ ولذلك لذلكٍ جمله + ,accordingly ; لن جمله + for/since/as لذلكٍ جمله ,consequently ; لهذاٍالسببٍ جمله ,reason this For owing to + اسم-v.ing ٍبسبب ; otherwise, + جمله وإل نتيجةٍلٍ جمله + ,Therefore ; بسببٍ ing.v-اسم + to due نتيجةٍلٍ جمله + ,result a As لن جمله + that seeing Thanks to + اسم-v.ing That is why + جمله Transitions

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 93- addition روابـــــــــــط االضافــــــــــة ل جمله + ...... ,addition In…… باإلضافة ا In addition to + اسم / v.ing ل باإلضافة ا Moreover, ……Or ; moreover, ذلك ل وعالوة ع ل ذلك جمله + ...... ,Furthermore وعالوة ع ل جمله + ...... ,Additionally باإلضافة ا ل جمله +...... ,Besides…… باإلضافة ا besides + اسم-v.ing ل باإلضافة ا ……As well as that, ……+ جمله ل باإلضافة ا Along with + اسم / v.ing ل باإلضافة ا Transitions used for conclusion روابـــــــــــــط الختـــــــــــــام To sum up, In conclusion, To summarize, In short, Finally, In summary, To conclude, In other words, All in all, On the whole, Exercises on transitions Choose the correct answer: 1. Modern technology plays a vital role in our life ………, it often wastes our time and money. a) seeing that b) although c) so d) as well as 2. …………the pupils had not studied, they all failed their exams. a) Seeing that b) Although c) So d) As well as 3. He arrived on time …………getting up late a) even though b) However c) in spite of d) Hence 4. He was quite ill. …………, he went to school a) Even though b) Hence c) In spite of d) Nevertheless 5. …………to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting. a) In contrast b) Owing c) Due d) On one hand 6. This film is very interesting, …………that one is quite boring a) therefore b) whereas c) besides d) providing

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 94- 7. ………… it’s late, we should go home. a) For this reason, b) Because of c) while d) since 8. ………… the weather, we stayed at home a) Because b) Because of c) While d) Since 9. My son had studied hard the whole year. …………, he got a pass. a) As a result b) Nevertheless c) Furthermore d) Provided 10.This firm did the work very well…………, the cost was not too high. a) On the contrary b) immediately c) Moreover d) so 11. I didn't have a shower this morning, …my hair was really dirty. a) because b) whereas c) so d) during 12. I really love driving, ………on sunny days. a) consequently b) especially c) whereas d) then 13. I love summer………, I hate getting on the underground in the heat. a) Because b) However c) So d) during 14.I didn't eat any crisps, ………I ate an ice cream! a) especially b) generally c) but d) along with 15. I saw someone applying their make-up ………they were driving! a) As b) when c) While d) a & b & c 16. On the one hand, I’d like a job that pays more, but on the other hand, I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment because it's in the field I like most. The underlined expressions show ………… (LM) a) a similarity between two different facts b) a comparison of two different facts c) addition d) your decision to leave the current job 17. A terrible accident happened in Banha, ……... Which completion shows result? (LM) a) due to the rash driver. b) although the driver was careful. c) so some people were sent to hospital. d) but no one died. 18. Our players have played seriously and followed the tactics of the coach ………Which of the following completions shows result? (WB) a), but they lost the match. b) despite losing the match. c), so they won the match. d) as well as winning the match.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 95- What is an essay? An essay is a piece of writing with several paragraphs about one topic. It has THREE main parts: ➢ The introductory paragraph ➢ The body paragraphs ➢ The concluding paragraph المقــــــــــال هو مجموعة من الفقرات تي يل ال تناقش فكــــــرة واحـــــدة وتحتوي ع ثالثـــــه اجزاء هامـــــــــــــــه وهما فقره المقدمــــــــــــ ه فقرات داعمــــــــــــه فقره الخاتمــــــــــــــه ___________________________________________________________ The introductory paragraph : المقدمــــــــــــه فقره - In the introductory paragraph, introduce the topic of your essay. Then clearly state the purpose for the essay. This purpose is called a thesis statement. It tells your reader what the essay will be about and often comes at the end of the paragraph. What are the main parts of an introduction? - The hook is usually the first sentence in the introductory paragraph. The background information goes next. Finally, include the thesis statement to tell your reader what the rest of the essay will be about برجراف المقدمه يتلوها الجمل الداعمه ي يه اول جمله ف الجمله الجاذبه لالنتباه المقال ي ونختم باالطروحه او الفرضيه الخبار القاري بباف 1. Hook (attention grabber sentence) لالنتباه الجاذبه الجمله - When you write an introductory paragraph, you need to get the reader’s attention and then give general information about the topic يل جذب انتباه القارئ ي حاجه ا يط عندكتابه برجراف المقدمه انت ف وبعدها تع معلومات عامه عن الموضوع معلومات عامه عن الموضوع information Background.2 - These will become the supporting sentences that give general background information about the topic. يط وتمثل ع ُ ت تي الجمل الداعمه ال معلومات عامه عن الموضوع 3.Thesis statement )الفرضيه)االطروحه - It’s the purpose for the essay or the main point you want to make. It tells your reader what the essay will be about and often comes at the end of the paragraph. يه الغ يه ه ال تخرب تي و ـــــــرض من كتابه المقال او النقطه االساسيـــــــــــــ تريد توضيحها و نهايـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـة المقال ي ي ف القراء بما يتحدث عنه المقال وتات المقال Essay

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 96- The body paragraphs: الموضوع فقرات - The body paragraphs of an essay support the thesis statement and give specific ideas and examples. The topic sentences of the body paragraphs tell what each paragraph will be about and they all should relate to the thesis statement. يط امثله وافكار الفقرات الداعمه للموضوع تدعم االطروحه محل النقاش وتع والجمل االفتتاحيه لكل فقره داعمه تخرينا بما ستتحدث عنه كل فقره The concluding paragraph: الختام فقره - The concluding paragraph of an essay can do several things. It can restate the ideas in your essay by giving a short summary, making a prediction, or making a suggestion. فقر ة الختـــام المقال ي كرت ف ُ تي ذ عباره عن اعاده صياغه االفكار ال اما عن طريق اعطاء ملخــــــــــــــ ص رسيــــــــــــــع – عمـــــــــــــ ل تنبــــــــــــــــؤ – تقديـــــــــــــم اقتـــــــــــــــــراح What are the different kinds of essays? 1. A descriptive essay ي المقال الوصف - A descriptive essay gives a detailed picture of a topic. It describes how something looks, feels, smells, tastes, or sounds. يط صورة مفصلة لموضوع ما ع ُ ي ي المقال الوصف حيث يصف كيف تبدو االشياء Examples: • Describe an invention. • Describe a place that means a lot to you. • Describe your ideal home or room. 2. A narrative essay: ي ئ المقال الروات - A narrative essay is one that tells a story. This is usually a story about a personal experience you had, a narrative essay will use characters, setting, plots and may even include a dialogue. المقال ال يروي قصة اوحكاية ي ئ روات غالبا يكون عن تجربة شخصية مر بها الفرد هذه النوعية من المقاالت دائما تستخدم شخصيات ومكان وزمان واحداث Examples: • How you became a role model • How you met your closest friend • Getting lost

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 97- 3. A persuasive essay: اال المقال يع قنا - A persuasive essay is one which is used to convince the readers of a particular viewpoint or opinion on a specific topic. The writer uses justifications, and reasons to make the readers agree to his or her points. يع المقال اال قنا يستخدم القناع القراء برأي او بوجهة نظر معينة حول موضوع ما ي وجهة نظره ويستخدم الكاتب فية مريرات واسباب لجعل القراء يتفقون معة ف Examples: • Females should always train female athletes. • Is chess a game or a sport? • Animal testing is right/wrong. 4. An argumentative essay ال المقال يل جد - The argumentative essay is one which is used to present an argument surrounding two sides of any particular issue. The essay can be written as a way of presenting both sides of the argument as equal or it might be written with one side taking preference over the other. This would be done when the writer has a specific opinion on the topic. يل ي يل يعرض المقال ال ت جد موضوع ي حتوي ع وجه نظر قد ينحاز الكاتب الحدهما النظر بشكل متوازن تي او قد يعرض وجه دون االنحياز الحداهما Examples: • Everyone should receive a free education. • What is the relationship between fitness and food? • Animals should not be used for research or experiments. 5. An Expository-informative-How-to essay االخباري-التفسريي المقال - An expository essay is one which is used to explain something, in the simplest terms. This type of essay is therefore used as a way of explaining or clarifying the subject for the reader. يل تفسري شئ المقال التفسريي ما بابسط طريقة ممكنة يهدف ا للقاريء Examples: • Explain what life is like for an illegal immigrant • Explain how music has an influence on our way of life • Explain the best time period of the last 500 years. 6. A comparison essay-compare and contrast essay المقارنه مقال - A comparison essay compares two or more things, such as two kinds of foods or two types of restaurants. It shows how they are alike or how they are different. او مكانري المقا ل يل المقارنة يقارن بري شيئري تي ع المب ويظهر وجهات التشابة واالختالف بينهم

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 98- Examples: • The Bible and The Qu’ran • Male and female • War and peace 7. A reflective essay ال المقال يل تأم - A reflective essay is a collection of one’s thoughts through selfreflection. - Reflective essays are essays in which the writer looks back on, or reflects upon, his or her experiences and how they caused personal change. تأم مر بها الفرد وكيف اثرت يل يعرض المقال ال تي الخريات والتجارب الحياتية ال يل شخصيتة تلك التجارب ع • Some advice that affected me • When my wife died • How I became a successful businessman Exercises on essays Choose the correct answer: 1. The topic sentence in a paragraph is usually the ………sentence. a) first b) second c) last d) third 2. The thesis statement in an essay is often the ………sentence in the introductory paragraph. a) first b) second c) last d) third 3. Essays are usually ………paragraphs. a) the same length as b) shorter than c) longer than d) taller than 4. In short, we should do our best to spread awareness concerning the importance of electricity. This sentence can be considered a/an ……to an essay. a) start b) introduction c) body d) conclusion 5. The “bulk” is another name for the ………of an essay. a) body b) hook c) conclusion d) thesis 6. The body of the essay includes the ……...of the essay. a) middle paragraphs b) first paragraphs c) topic sentences d) closing sentences 7. You do not provide a/an ………in a closing paragraph. a) suggestion b) solution c) summary d) hook 8. When I write the body paragraphs in an essay, I ………. a) include the thesis to remind the reader. b) include related details with examples. c) use only informal vocabulary.

سلسلة بروفيســـــور)الصـــف الثالـث الثانـــــوي( مهـــــــــــارات - 99- d) make sure the supporting details are in the introduction. 9. The hook is mentioned in the introductory paragraph and it ……… a) states the thesis b) paraphrases what I write c) draws the reader’s attention to read the essay d) summarize what I write 10. A/An ………is included in the introductory paragraph of an essay. a) hook b) background information c) thesis statement d) a & b & c 11. What two paragraphs should have your thesis statement? a) The body paragraphs and the conclusion b) The introduction and the body paragraphs c) The introduction and the conclusion d) The first and the second body paragraphs 12. Choose the thesis statement for an essay about retailers بالتجزئة بائع during holidays. a) Retailers offer special deals to attract more customers and increase profits around holidays. b) One store had a big sale a few weeks ago. c) The day after Thanks giving is called Black Friday. d) The day before Thanks giving is called Black Friday. 13. Which of the following is not found in an introductory paragraph? a) several specific examples that explain the topic b) a hook that gets the reader’s attention c) general background information about the topic d) a thesis statement 14. Which of the following is true of the hook? a) The hook always gives facts that the reader already knows. b) The hook is usually the first sentence of the introductory paragraph. c) Th e hook is at least two paragraphs long. d) The hook is usually the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. 15. Th e thesis statement contains a) a list of main ideas. b) the main topic of the essay. c) information that gets the reader’s attention. d) the main idea of the paragraph 16. What is the correct order of information in an introductory paragraph? a) background information, hook, thesis statement b) thesis statement, background information, hook c) hook, background information, thesis statement d) hook, thesis statement, background information 17. In the conclusion of an essay, the thesis statement should be ………. a) repeated using different words b) repeated using the same words c) added to the end of the paragraph d) be left out