TCS ICT Book 7

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Sample Code

#--------Your code below-----------
degreesToTurn=90
Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_6, degreesToTurn)




This program will make Edison robot turn right using a value from the variable.
degreesToTurn = 90 is the variable with the parameters of 90. This variable is going Robotics
to use as a reference in the program to turn the Edison robot to 90 degrees.



6.7. Looping Structures in Edison



For Loop

In Python, a for loop is a control structure which can be used to repeat sets of
commands or statements any number of times. Using a for loop allows you to repeat

(also called iterate over) a block of statements as many times as you like. The for
loop often goes together with the range() function in Python. In EdPy, range() only

has one input parameter. That input parameter determines the upper limit of the set
and the lower limit is always 0, or in a simpler definition it can be used to define the

times of loop should repeat itself.

Sample Code


#--------Your code below-----------
# i defines variable for the range value
for i in range(4)
#play a beep sound
Ed.PlayBeep()
#wait for one second Robotics has already gotten
Ed.TimeWait(1, Ed.TIME_SECONDS) about 150,000 people employed
worldwide in engineering and
assembly jobs.

























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Sample Code-Creating Square Using For Loop


Using loop to create a program which has several repeating codes is a smart decision.
The following program will create a square using a loop.
#--------Your code below-----------
for x in range(4)
Ed.DRIVE(Ed.FORWARD,Ed.SPEED_5,1)
Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90)


Sample Code-Creating Circle Using For Loop



It may not be possible to drive in a perfect circle, but a shape with thousands of very
small sides can closely approximate a circle. degreesToTurn is a variable with a value

of 1.


#--------Your code below-----------
degreesToTurn=1
for x in range(360)
Ed.DRIVE(Ed.FORWARD,Ed.SPEED_5,1)
Ed.Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, degreesToTurn)



Try it Out!
Create a program to make your robot drive forward for 3 seconds then

flash both LED lights. After that, using the For loop, Edison is to drive in the
form of a square and stop.




While Loop


The While loop repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is

TRUE. It tests the condition, which is written as an expression, before executing the loop
body. While the expression evaluates to TRUE, the program repeats the commands in

the loop. When the expression evaluates to FALSE, the program moves on to the next
line of code outside the loop.



















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Sample Code-Creating Circle Using For Loop


In this program, we want the Edison to follow a torch and we need this program to run
infinitely, therefore, we will use the while loop.


#--------Your code below-----------
# loop forever
while True: Robotics
if Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()>Ed.ReadRightLightLevel():
#if the left light level is higher, drive to left
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_4, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)
else:
#otherwise, the light is on the right, drive to the right
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_4, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)



6.8. Play Tunes on Edison


Edison can play individual musical notes through its small speaker using the
Ed.PlayTone() function in EdPy. The Ed.PlayTone()function takes two input

parameters: the note and the duration. The note determines what note to play and
the duration determines the given length of time the note should be played. The

Ed.PlayTone() is defined as: Ed.PlayTone(Ed.NOTE_B_6,Ed.NOTE_HALF)


Parameter Input Options Play Musical Note

Ed.NOTE_A_B Low A

Ed.NOTE_A_SHARP_6 Low A sharp

Ed.NOTE_B_6 Low B

Ed.NOTE_C_7 C
Ed.NOTE_C_SHARP_7 C sharp

Ed.NOTE_D_7 D

Ed.NOTE_D_SHARP_7 D sharp
Ed.NOTE_E_7 E

Ed.NOTE_F_7 F

Ed.NOTE_F_SHARP_7 F sharp

Ed.NOTE_G_7 G

Ed.NOTE_G_SHARP_7 G sharp








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Ed.NOTE_A_7 A

Ed.NOTE_A_SHARP_7 A sharp

Ed.NOTE_B_7 B
Ed.NOTE_C_8 High C





Parameter Input Options Plays Note For (Duration)

Ed.NOTE_SIXTEENTH 125 milliseconds
Ed.NOTE_EIGTH 250 milliseconds

Ed.NOTE_QUARTER 500 milliseconds

Ed.NOTE_HALF 1,000 milliseconds

Ed.NOTE_WHOLE 2,000 milliseconds





6.9. Conditional Structures in Edison



IF Statement

An important part of coding is making decisions. The most common way to do this

is to use an IF statement. An IF statement asks whether a condition is true or false.
If the result is true, then the program executes the block of statements following the

IF statement. If the result is false, the program ignores the statements inside the if
statement and moves to the next line of code outside of the if statement.



Sample Code


#--------Your code below-----------
# loop forever

while True:
Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON)

if Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()!=Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE:
Ed.PlayBeep()

Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()












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Elif Statement

For Edison, we can create a program which makes a decision using more than two

conditions. To do this, you use another Python syntax structure:
• if expression: statement(s)

• elif expression: statement(s)
• else: statement(s)

Elif is how you say else if in Python. You can use elif to write a program with multiple Robotics
if conditions. A program using if/elif/else still moves sequentially from the top

down. Once the program runs any indented code inside any part of the if statement
structure, it will skip the rest of the structure and move on to the next line of code

outside the structure.
This means that if the if statement at the top is true, the program runs the indented

code for the if expression and skips any elif sections as well as the else section if
there is one. If the if statement is false, however, the program skips that section of

indented code and moves to the first elif section. Again, if the first elif condition is true,
the program runs its indented code and skips everything below it in the if statement

structure (any other elif and the else condition if there is one). If this elif condition is
false, the program moves to the next part of the if statement structure and so on.

Sample Code

#--------Your code below-----------

#turn on obstacle detection
Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON)

while True:
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.Speed_1, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

obstacle=Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()
if obstacle>Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE: #there is no obstacle

Ed.Drive(Ed.BACKWARD, Ed.SPEED_5, 7)
if obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_LEFT:

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90)
elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_RIGHT:

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT,Ed.SPEED_5,90)
elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_AHEAD:

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5,180)
Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() #clear any unwanted detections








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This program has three different paths that it can take when an obstacle is detected
based on where the detected obstacle is relative to Edison.


6.10. Obstacle Detection


Edison has two obstacle detection beams, one on the front left and the other is on

the front right.

Sample Code

#--------Your code below-----------

Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON)
Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

while Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()!=Ed.Obstacle_Ahead:
pass

Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP,1,1)


This program tells Edison to drive until it encounters an obstacle. There are a couple of
important things to notice about this program:

• Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) turns Edison’s obstacle detection beam
to ‘on’. Whenever you want to use Edison’s obstacle detection beam in an EdPy

program, youalways need to turn the beam to ‘on’ before the beam is used in the
program.

• Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) sets the speed
to 5 in this program. When using obstacle detection, you need to use a slightly

lower speed to allow the robot to detect an obstacle before colliding with it. If the
speed is too fast, the robot will crash into obstacles before being able to detect

them.

Right and Left Obstacle Detection



In this program, Edison is going to react to obstacles on the left or right. To do this, we

will use conditional statements like if and elif. This program has three different
paths that it can take when an obstacle is detected based on where the detected
obstacle is relative to Edison.














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#--------Your code below-----------
Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) #turn on obstacle detection

while True:
Ed.Drive(Ed.Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_1, 7)

obstacle=Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()
if obstacle>Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE: #there is no obstacle

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90) Robotics
elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_RIGHT:

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN,Ed.SPEED_5,90)
elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_AHEAD:

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT,Ed.SPEED_5,180)
Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() #clear any unwanted detection



6.11. Clap Control Drive



The Edison robot’s sound sensor is not just

sensitive to claps. The sensors can respond to
any loud sound detected or vibrations similar to Checkpoint

that sound, which is why you can tap near the
speaker on the robot to trigger the sound sensor. EdPy is a text-based programming
language based on Python.
Edison’s motors, gears and wheels all make Edison drive function has three
parameters: direction, speed and
sounds as they turn, which can trigger the sound distance.

sensor. To prevent the sound of the robot driving A variable in a python program gives
data to the computer for processing.
from triggering the sound sensor, you need to

alter the program.
You will need to add a TimeWait() function call with an input parameter of about

350 milliseconds to give the robot’s motors time to stop. You also need to use a
ReadClapSensor() to clear the clap sensor.























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Sample Code


#--------Your code below-----------
Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward,Ed.Speed_8,10)

Ed.TimeWait(350,Ed.TIME_MILLISECONDS)
Ed.ReadClapSensor()

while Ed.ReadClapSensor()==Ed.CLAP_NOT_DETECTED:
pass

Ed.Drive(Ed.BACKWARD, Ed.SPEED_8, 10)


6.12. Line Tracking Sensor


In this program, you will learn about the Edison’s line tracking sensor and how Edison

can use this sensor to determine if it is on a reflective or non-reflective surface. How

does Edison’s line tracking sensor work?
Your Edison robot is equipped with a line tracking sensor, located near the power
switch on the bottom of the robot. This sensor is made up of two main electronic

components:

• A red light-emitting diode (LED)
• A phototransistor (light sensor).
This image represents a cross-section of Edison’s line tracking sensor. The line tracking

sensor’s LED shines light onto the surface that the Edison robot is driving on. The

phototransistor component is a light sensor. The phototransistor measures the amount
of light that is reflected off of the surface beneath Edison.


Sample Code

#--------Your code below-----------

Ed.LineTrackerLed(Ed.ON)
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_6, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

while True:
if Ed.ReadLineState()==Ed.LINE_ON_BLACK:

Ed.PlayBeep()
Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP, Ed.SPEED_6, 0)














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Ed.LineTrackerLed() turns the LED state to ON. Just like with Edison’s obstacle
detection beam, to use the line tracking sensor in a program, you must first turn

the sensor on. The Ed.PlayBeep() function doesn’t affect the way the line tracking

program works. Instead, this line’s purpose is for debugging.

Sample Code-Bounce in Borders

#--------Your code below-----------
Ed.LineTrackerLed(Ed.ON) Robotics

while True:

Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_3, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)
if Ed.ReadLineState()==Ed.LINE_ON_BLACK:
Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP,Ed.SPEED_3, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

Ed.PlayBeep()

Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, 135)

6.13. Light Sensors


In this activity, we will use a program to have your Edison robot turn the two LED

lights on when it gets dark. In this program, we are using the less than (<) symbol
to determine the path that the program will take. If the value returned from the

Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel() function is less than 100, then the activateBothLights()
function is called with the input parameter of Ed.ON. Otherwise, the program moves to

the else part of the if statement, which also calls the activateBothLights() function,
but with the input parameter of Ed.OFF.

Sample Code

#--------Your code below-----------

Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

while True:
if Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()<100:
activateBothLights(Ed.ON)

else:

activateBothLights(Ed.OFF)
def activateBothLights(stateOfLed):
Ed.LeftLed(stateOfLed)

Ed.RightLed(stateOfLed)









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7.14. Light Sensors


In this activity, we will write a program so that your Edison robot will follow the light

from a torch (flashlight). This program compares the light level between the right light
sensor and the left light sensor to determine the flow of the program. The presence
of the torch on either the left or right of the robot will cause the robot to read a higher

light level on that side of the robot. The logic of this program says that when the right

light level minus the left light level is less than zero, the robot drives left towards the
higher source of light, else the robot drives to the right.


Sample Code


#--------Your code below-----------
while True:

if Ed.ReadRightLightLevel()-Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()<0:
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_LEFT,Ed.SPEED_5,Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)

else:
Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED)




















































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Let’s Review

1. Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture,

and operation of robots.
2. Edison robots are a complete STEAM teaching resource designed to bring coding to

life.
3. Edison’s microcontroller contains programs. These programs are what allow Edison to

think and make decisions.
4. Default settings of Edison’s three buttons: Record button 1 press = download program

3 presses = scan barcode Stop button 1 press = stop program Play button 1 press =
run program.

5. The robot is controlled by a program, which contains the instructions and rules
governing the robot’s behaviour.

6. EdPy app is one the web-based programming interface to program Edison.
7. All Edison programs must contain the setup code which is included in lines 1 to 11.

8. To move your Edison robot you use the drive function, which has three parameters:
direction, speed and distance.

9. The for loop often goes together with the range() function in Python.
10. The while loop repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is

TRUE.
11. Edison can play individual musical notes through its small speaker using the

Ed.PlayTone() function in EdPy.



My Notes!




































161

Mobile App Development Process





Idea generation & validation

1 Brainstorming Market research Mind mapping






Requirement gathering App goals and objectives



UX/UI Design

2

Wireframing Prototyping Mockup



Style Guide Information architecture




Development
3 Back-end development Iterations







Testing & quality assurance



Launch and Deployment



Finalizing build App store submission 510,900 4
1,083,800
App store approval




Marketing and Maintainence
5 App marketing strategy Releasing updates & fixes




1,083,800

User engagement and retention

Mobile App Development





























Student Learning Outcomes



After going through this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Familiarise with the App Lab interface

2. Understand and identify the purpose of the design elements found in the Design
toolbox

3. Add images and icons to the app interface
4. Switch over to the design mode and design the app interface by using various

design elements

5. Know and understand the importance of setting meaningful IDs of design elements
6. Understand the naming convention of JavaScript programming language.

7. Create user-interface of an app of their choice.
8. Share their apps with their peers and publish on Code.org


ISTE Student Standard Coverage






Empowered Innovative Creative
Learner Designer Communicator

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7.1. Getting Started with App Lab


Making your own apps is easy with App Lab! Whether you’re new to coding or have
some experience. App Lab is a great tool for building new apps and sharing them with

your friends.


App Lab Interface


































On the left side is your app. On the right side is the code that will make it run. You
build your program by dragging in blocks from the toolbox.


7.2. setProperty( ) Block


The setProperty()block changes the look of the elements on your screen. Like the
buttons, labels, or even the screen itself. First you need to decide which element you

want to change. If you hover over an element in your app you can see the name or ID
here. Then go select that ID from the first drop-down.

























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Elements have lots of properties you can

change like their text colour, background colour
or font size. You can see the full list and choose

which property you want to change in the
second dropdown.

The last drop-down is where you’ll write the Mobile App Development

value you want to use. The block will make a

suggestion for you. But you can always type in
different colours or numbers yourself.

Example


The following code snippet sets the
background colour of the button to green using

setProperty() block. The block reads a bit
like a sentence: ‘Set button1’s background colour

to green.’

We will be working in block mode but App Lab
also supports working in text. Either

way you’ll be programming in JavaScript, the
language of the web.



7.3. Event Handling

Events are user actions like clicking a button,

scrolling through a menu, or hovering over a
picture. Interactive apps need ways to respond

to events, like playing a sound when I click this
button. To do this in App Lab you need to use a

new block called onEvent().






















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Example



The following code turn the screen color from blue to green when the button is clicked.


1. Switch to the Design mode and drag a button from the design toolbox on to the
screen as shown below.






















2. From the Properties option, set the text property of the button to Greenify! and set
its color property to green.
























3. Set the initial colour of the screen to blue by dragging the setProperty()block
into the code area.



























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4. Next drop the onEvent()function on the code area. Add code inside the onEvent

that will change the background colour of the screen. You can read this block like a
sentence: “On the event that the button is clicked run all this code.” Mobile App Development


















5. If you want to change more things after the event, like the text on the screen just
add more code to the onEvent(). To make your program respond to more events

add more onEvent(). blocks. Just make sure not to put them inside of each other.
Now it’s time to try it out for yourself.



7.4. Working with Sound
Checkpoint
1. In the toolbox, you’ll find a new block
The setProperty() block changes
called playSound(). Drag it into the the look of the elements on your
screen.
workspace. You can pick a sound to Events are user actions like clicking a

play by clicking the drop-down then button, scrolling through a menu, or
hovering over a picture.
clicking Choose. The playSound() block allows you to
add sound to your app.







































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2. From here you can either upload a sound file from your computer or search for a

sound from the sound library. The sound library has lots of different categories like
instruments, background music or animals.


























3. Once you’ve got the sound you want, click Choose. When this block runs, it will play

the sound you chose.


























7.5. Working with Images



1. To add images to your elements you

can just use the setProperty() block.
Select the image property in the second

drop-down














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2. Then select Choose from the third dropdown. From here you can upload an image

from your computer, insert link to an image or you can look through a huge library
of icons in the icon library. Mobile App Development




































3. Back in code mode, you can use the setProperty()block to change the icon

colour of your icon. Once you’ve picked what image your icon to use click Run to
see how it looks.











































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7.6. Designing an App


1. Use the switch on top of your app to go into Design Mode. You can add new

elements by dragging them onto the screen. You can move them around to
different locations and change their size by dragging the bottom right corner.




















2. To change an element’s properties, use the controls on the right. For example, it’s
really easy to change this button’s text, colour, and font size.




















3. To change an element’s properties, use the controls on the right. For example, it’s
really easy to change this button’s text, colour, and font size. When you add a new

element to your screen it’ll get a generic ID like button1, image2. It’s a good idea
to change this button’s ID to something more meaningful like rightButton. So that

you’ll know which one it is when you go to the program.


























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4. You can add entirely new screens to your app by dragging in a screen element.




















5. From the drop-down, at the top, you can quickly switch back and forth between the Mobile App Development

screens you create.

























6. Inside your app, you’ll need a way to switch between all of these screens, so
the setScreen block has been added to the toolbox. Use setScreen inside the

onEvent()block to change screens at the click of a button.



































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Let’s Review



1. The setProperty() block changes the look of the elements on your

screen.

2. Elements have lots of properties you can change like their text colour,
background colour or font size.
3. Events are user actions like clicking a button, scrolling through a menu, or

hovering over a picture.

4. To add events in App Lab you need to use a new block called onEvent().
5. The playSound() block allows you to add sound to your app.
6. To add images to your elements you can just use the setProperty() block.









My Notes!























































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Glossary


4G: it is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding

3G.

5G: it is the fifth generation of mobile networks, a significant evolution of today’s 4G
LTE networks.
Absolute reference: it is used when we want to keep a cell, a row or a column constant

when copying a formula.

Advanced filters: can be constructed to get more control over your data tables.
algorithm is a procedure for solving problems
Attributes: define additional characteristics or properties of the element such as width

and height of an image.

Bus topology: in this arrangement computers and devices are connected to a single
linear cable called a trunk.
Canvas widget: supplies graphics facilities for Tkinter.

cell reference is the address of the cell and identifies its location.

Change chart type: this option allows to change the type of your current chart.
chart is a graphical representation of data and describes the overall analysis visually.
Chart layouts: Excel allows you to add chart elements—such as chart titles, legends,

and data labels—to make your chart easier to read.

Chart styles: includes several different chart styles, which allow you to quickly modify
the look and feel of your chart.
Checkboxes: in HTML forms is to get multiple answers from the multiple choices given.

Cloud storage: is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored

in logical pools.
Cloud storage providers: are responsible for keeping the data available and
accessible, and the physical environment protected and running.

Column/bar chart: it is used to illustrate comparisons between a series of data.

Comments: are just a dead piece of code which can be used for our references only.
Computer programming: it is a way of giving computers instructions about what they
should do next.

Conditional formatting: allows you to automatically apply formatting—such as colors,











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icons, and data bars—to one or more cells based on the cell value.

CSS: stands for Cascading Style Sheets, CSS describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed in web browsers, CSS typically creates design profiles for any HTML element

for reuse and overall layout control of the document layout.
CSV files: are Comma-Separated Values and can be incorporated in any software or Glossary

database.
Data tab: allows to switch the rows and columns of the chart.

Database (DB): is an organized collection of data.
Dreamweaver: is a web development tool. It is basically for generating HTML while

using an editable front end, kind of like using Word to do all your layout, and the end
result is an HTML code.

Edison robot: is LEGO brick compatible on four of its sides, has a removable skid and
two removable wheels and includes a range of built-in sensors.

EdPy app: is one the web-based programming interface to program Edison.
Elements: have lots of properties you can change like their text colour, background

colour or font size.
ELIF keyword: is Python’s way of saying if the previous conditions were not true,

else keyword catches anything which isn’t caught by the preceding conditions.
Events: in python execute at any specific action/signal occurred for i.e. hovering a

mouse at a certain point, clicks of the mouse either right click or left click and so on.
flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process.

For loop: is used for repeating over a sequence (that is either a list or a string).
Freeware: is software, most often proprietary, that is distributed at no financial cost to

the end-user.
Functions: help break our program into smaller and modular chunks.

G Workspace: also known as Google Suite or G Suite, is a collection of business,
productivity, collaboration, and education software developed and powered by

Google.
Google Docs: is an online version of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel. In Google

Docs they are called Google Document, Spreadsheet and Presentation.
Google Drive: allows users to store files on their servers, synchronize files across

devices, and share files.













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Google Maps: is a web-based service that provides detailed information about

geographical regions and sites around the world. Roadmap: Roadmap view in Google
maps, the street view of the selected region.

Google translate: is a free multilingual machine translation service developed by
Google, to translate text.

Hardware: is a term we use to describe the electronics and mechanical parts of the
computer.

Host server: sends the requested page back to the country gateway and similarly, the
country gateway sends the page back to the concerned ISP server.

Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML): is the standard mark-up language for
documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

IF statement: is a programming conditional statement that, if proved true, performs a
function or displays information.

Indentation: refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line.
inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element. An inline CSS uses

the style attribute of an HTML element.
Intellectual property: is a category of property that includes intangible creations of

the human intellect.
Internal CSS: is used to define a style for a single HTML page. An internal CSS is

defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element.
Internet: is a worldwide network of computers linked together by telephone wires,

satellite links and other means.
LAN: is an interconnection of computers and its related devices within a small

geographical area or a building, home, office, school, where the distance between the
computers is small.

Line chart: is used to display trends. It shows the changes in data over a period of
time.

List/Menu: in HTML forms are used to create a drop-down list for selecting an option
from a list given.

Logical errors: occur while designing the program which occurs due to the improper
planning of the program flow.

Network topology: is the schematic description of a network arrangement,
connecting various nodes (sender and receiver) through lines of connection.

network, in computing, is a group of two or more devices that can communicate.








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Numeric data type: is used to hold numeric values like integers, or Float like decimal

numbers.
Paired tag: in HTML consists of two tags, the first one is called an opening tag and the

second one is called closing tag.
Personal data: also known as personal information, personally identifying information Glossary

(PII), or Sensitive Personal Information (SPI) is any information relating to identifying a
person.

Pie chart: it is used to display only one series of data.
Pivot charts: are like regular charts, except they display data from a Pivot Table.

PivotTable: can help make your worksheets more manageable by summarizing your
data and allowing you to manipulate it in different ways.

Program: is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform.
Pseudocode: is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a

computer program or other algorithm.
Python: is a high-level programming language designed to be easy to read and simple

to implement.
Radio buttons: is used to get one single answer from the multiple choices given.

Relative reference: is the cell reference. When you copy a cell that has a formula, the
formula changes automatically.

Ring topology: Computers and devices are connected to a closed-loop cable.
Robotics: is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture,

and operation of robots.
Satellite view: in Google maps shows the satellite images of the selected region.

Server: are where most of the information on the Internet lives.
setProperty()block: changes the look of the elements on your screen. Like the buttons,

labels, or even the screen itself.
Shareware: is a type of proprietary software which is initially provided free of charge

to users, who are allowed and encouraged to make and share copies of the program.
Slicers: are just like filters, but they’re easier and faster to use, allowing you to instantly

pivot your data.
Software bug: is a coding error that causes an unexpected defect in a computer

program.
Software licenses: typically provide end-users with the right to one or more copies of

the software without violating copyrights.









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The City School 2021-2022






Star topology: All computers and devices are connected to a network switch and this
is one of the common topologies nowadays.

String data type: The string is a sequence of characters like a simple text “Hello
World”.

Sway: is a new app from Microsoft Office that makes it easy to create and share
interactive reports, personal stories, presentations, and more.

Syntax error: errors in typing the commands and variables.
Tab index: in HTML it is the sequence of cursor focus

Table: in MS Excel, is a specially designated range of numbers
Terrain view: in Google maps shows the terrain and vegetation.

Text area: in HTML works like a simple text field but it can accommodate more words
than a normal text field and its layout is like a paragraph.

then try this condition.
Unpaired tag: in HTML is a single tag which does not need a companion tag.

variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can
manipulate.

WAN: is a computer network that covers broad and large areas such as small towns
and cities.

Web page: also called webpage is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext
Mark-up Language) that is accessible through the Internet or other networks using an

Internet browser.
Webform: it is HTML form on a web page allows a user to enter data that is sent to a

server for processing.
While loop: repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is

TRUE.





























178



The ICTECH curriculum engages students at technical and practical level,


equipping them with skills required in areas of research, publication


designing and prediction. The computing curriculum aims at teaching


principles of information and computation, how digital systems work and



how to put this knowledge to use through programming. ICTECH


activities incorportae a range of technology skills into student learning


such as word processing, programming, Animation, Programming,


Spreadsheets, Photoediting, Desktop Publishing, Digital Citizenship,


Databases, Operating system, Robotics, and Presentation Skills.






































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