SPE SCIENCE TOPICAL COMPILATION

104 105

4. Figure shows the set up used by a group of students to investigate frictional forces. c) The experiment set up for surface Q was then modified to measure the distance
(SPE/2018/Q48) moved by the wooden block using different weights. The results were recorder in table
below:

Weight / newtons Distance moved by block / mm
0 0
4 12
8 24
12 36
16 48
20 60

Slotted masses were slowly added to the scale pan until the wooden block just starts to
move and the total weight was recorded.

The activity was repeated with fine sand and small ball bearings in the tray.

The results are shown in table below:

Texture of surface PQ R
Weight of slotted masses to move wooden 84 3

block/newtons

a) Define the term friction. [1]

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

b) State the following variables. [3]
Variable that was changed

Variable that was kept constant
Variable that was measured

106 107

i. Using the information from table above, plot a graph of distance moved by block CHAPTER 7: ENERGY
(y-axis) against weight (x-axis). [4]

TOPIC 7.1: SOURCES AND FORMS OF ENERGY

1. What is the SI unit of energy?
(SPE/2010/Q9)

A. Joule.
B. Newton.
C. Ohm.
D. Watt.

2. Food is needed to supply our bodies with energy. What type of energy is present in food?
(SPE/2009/Q14)

A. Light energy.
B. Heat energy.
C. Electrical energy.
D. Chemical potential energy.

3. Figure below shows energy changes in a hydroelectricity power station.

Name the different types of energy shown at L, M, N and O.
(SPE/2011/Q12)

ii. Use the graph to estimate the distance moved by the block if slotted masses of L M N O
weight 11 N was used. [1] Gravitational Potential Kinetic Electrical
A. Gravitational
_________________________________________________________________________________ Potential Kinetic + Gravitational Kinetic Electrical
Potential
B. Gravitational Electrical Kinetic
Potential Gravitational Potential Boiling Kinetic
Kinetic + Gravitational
C. Kinetic
Potential
D. Kinetic

108 109

4. Hamzah lifts a sack of rice from the floor to a table. What form of energy from his body 3. Ahmad hit a drum as shown in figure below. What type of energy change is shown?
has Hamzah used and what form of energy has the sack of potatoes gained? (SPE/2010/Q19)
(SPE/2012/Q13)

Forms of energy A. Kinetic energy  heat energy
B. Kinetic energy  sound energy
Used by Hamzah Gained by the sack of potatoes C. Gravitational potential energy  light energy
D. Chemical potential energy  kinetic energy

A. Chemical potential energy Kinetic energy

B. Chemical potential energy Gravitational potential energy 4. The touch-screen hand phone in figure below is switched on. Which of the
following shows correctly the energy changes taking place in figure above?
C. Gravitational potential energy Kinetic energy (SPE/2013/Q18)

D. Gravitational potential energy Gravitational potential energy A. Chemical potential energy  electrical energy  light energy.
heat energy.
5. Figure below shows a photograph of a traffic warning sign. Solar panels absorb solar B. Electrical energy  light energy  sound energy.
energy from the Sun and convert it into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in kinetic energy.
a battery. Name the energy that is stored in the battery. C. Kinetic energy  chemical potential energy 
(SPE/2013/Q17)
D. Light energy  sound energy 

A. Chemical potential energy. 5. Study figure below carefully. Letters J, K and L indicate appliances that will cause the
B. Heat energy. stated energy change. Identify appliances J, K and L.
C. Light energy. (SPE/2014/Q18)
D. Kinetic energy.

6. Figure below shows a student using a slingshot. Which form of energy is possessed by the
rubber band before it is released?
(SPE/2016/Q22)

A. Chemical potential energy. J K L
B. Elastic potential energy. A. Fan Torch Stove
C. Gravitational potential energy. B. Radio Stove Torch
D. Kinetic energy. C. Stove Fan Radio
D. Torch Radio Fan
TOPIC 7.2: CONVERSION OF ENERGY

1. A dynamo is an energy converter that changes kinetic energy into TRUE / FALSE 6. Figure below shows a coconut falling from its tree. At which position does the coconut
light energy. have the highest gravitational potential energy?
(SPE/2013/Q42d) (SPE/2015/Q18)

2. Which of the following processes converts light energy into chemical potential energy?
(SPE/2010/Q13)

A. Digestion.
B. Evaporation.
C. Photosynthesis.
D. Reproduction.

110 111
11. Figure below shows motor vehicles and power stations burning fossil fuels to produce
7. Figure below shows wind as a form of renewable energy source. Wind energy can be
used to generate electricity. Which of the following shows the correct change in stations energy.
generated by wind?
(SPE/2015/Q20) Describe the energy changes that take place in the motor vehicles and power stations.
(SPE/2009/Section B Q3ai) [2]
A. Electrical energy  chemical potential energy Motor vehicles : ________________________________________________________________
B. Electrical energy  kinetic energy Power station : ________________________________________________________________
C. Kinetic energy  electrical energy
D. Kinetic energy  chemical potential energy 12. Figure below shows an alternative energy source.
(SPE/2009/Section B Q3b)
8. Figure below shows what happens when a matchstick burns. What is the main energy
changes that take place when a matchstick burns? a) Describe how electricity is generated using the energy source shown in figure above.
(SPE/2016/Q23) [2]
____________________________________________________________________________________
A. Chemical potential energy to heat energy. ____________________________________________________________________________________
B. Chemical potential energy to kinetic energy.
C. Heat energy to light energy. b) What will happen during a dry season when there is very little rainfall to fill up the lake?
D. Kinetic energy to chemical potential energy. [2]
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. A soccer ball rolls down the slope as shown in figure below. Which of the following ____________________________________________________________________________________
correctly describes the kinetic energy as well as the potential energy of the ball as it rolls
down the slope?
(SPE/2016/Q24)

Kinetic energy Gravitational
potential energy

A. Decreases Increases
B. Decreases Decreases
C. Increases Increases
D. Increases Decreases

10. A cyclist goes down a slope as shown in figure below. Describe the change in the
potential energy and kinetic energy of the cyclist.
(SPE/2018/Q22)

Gravitational Kinetic energy
potential energy
A. Decreases Decreases
B. Decreases Increases
C. Increases Increases
D. Increases Decreases

112 113
13. A conveyor belt connected to an electric motor is used to load sacks of rice on to a
b) At which point is the kinetic energy highest? Give a reason why. [2]
lorry at a rate of 5000 N per minute. The conveyor belt is moving at a constant speed.
(SPE/2011/Q45c, d & e) ___________________________________________________________________________________

a) It takes one minute to move one sack of rice weighing 5000 N from the bottom to the ___________________________________________________________________________________
top of the conveyor belt.
i) Is there a change in kinetic energy of the sack of rice on the conveyor belt. [1] c) State the energy conversion that is taking place as the ball bearing travels from point
__________________________________________________________________________________ C to point D. [1]
ii) Explain your answer in part a)i). [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________
15. Figure below shows three divers standing at different heights above the pool.
b) i) Is there a change in energy as the bag of rice falls off the top of the conveyor belt.
[1] (SPE/2017/Q44)
__________________________________________________________________________________
a) State the main energy conversion that takes place when person A jump and dive into
ii) Explain your answer in part b)i). [1] the pool. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
14. Figure below shows a smooth aluminium track. A ball bearing is released from rest at point
A. It slides down the smooth slope and moves up along the track. b) Table below shows the masses and the gravitational potential energy of each diver.
(SPE/2012/Q44a)
Person Masses (kg) Gravitational Potential Energy (J)
a) At which point is the gravitational potential energy of the ball bearing highest? [1] 50 4000
___________________________________________________________________________________ A 70 2700
B 50 3000
C

Study the information in table above.

Identify the divers correctly at bi), ii) and iii) by labeling the letter A, B or C in figure
above. [3]

114 115 TRUE / FALSE

iv) Diver C has higher gravitational potential energy than Diver B. Explain why. [1] TOPIC 7.4: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Using energy saving bulb is one of the ways to conserve energy at home.
(SPE/2013/Q42e)
v) Diver B climbs up and stand side by side with Diver A at the same height above the
pool. Diver‟s B gravitational potential energy is now higher than that of Diver A. 2. The following are non-renewable sources of energy except __________.
Explain why. [1] (SPE/2011/Q17)

________________________________________________________________________________ A. coal.
c) Figure below shows a person diving into the swimming pool. B. natural gas.
C. petroleum.
D. wind.
3. Which of following combinations are both renewable sources of energy?
(SPE/2013/Q19)

A. Biomass and hydrogen fuel cell.
B. Coal and hydroelectric energy.
C. Oil and gas.
D. Solar and nuclear.

4. Study the information in figure below. What is the type of energy source shown in figure
below?
(SPE/2015/Q19)

Plant and animal waste, for decomposed Biogas
example cow shed, raw garbage by bacteria
You may use the following words more that once to help with the description
A. Biomass.
„highest‟ „decreasing‟ „increasing‟ „lowest‟ B. Fossil.
C. Geothermal
Fill in the boxes using the helping words above to D. Nuclear.

Describe the gravitational potential energy of a person at State A to Stage D as he 5. Which of the following is the right way to conserve energy?
dives. [1] (SPE/2015/Q21)

Stage A B CD A. Cooking without putting lid on pan.
B. Switch on the air conditioner all the time.
Gravitational C. Switch on all the lamps in the house.
potential energy D. Turn off lights when leaving an empty room.

116 117
6. Figure below shows a city. Which of the following is / are non-renewable source(s) of
CHAPTER 8: MAGNETISM
energy?
(SPE/2018/Q23) TOPIC 8.1: MAGNETS AND NON-MAGNETIC MATERIALS TRUE / FALSE

A. P and Q 1. Like poles of magnets will attract each other.
B. P only (SPE/2015/Q42b)
C. R and S
D. R only 2. Nickel and cobalt are examples of magnetic materials. TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2014/Q42d)
7. Study figure
below carefully. 3. Magnets will attract cobalt and iron TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2014/Q44a, b & c) (SPE/2018/Q42d)

4. Complete the following passage by using the helping words provided. You may use the
word once, more than once or none at all. [5]
(SPE/2017/Q41)

metallic magnetic non magnetic attract repel
copper kinetic potential non metal steel

Figure below shows a junkyard where magnets can be used.

a) Identify any two renewable energy sources that are used in City X. [2] Magnet is a piece of solid with special properties. It can be used for many purposes.
Junkyard use very strong magnets to separate ____________________ materials such as iron
____________________________________ and _______________________________________ and ____________________ from other materials. Materials such as glass, aluminium and
_____________________ are known as ____________________ materials. Magnets are also
b) If you are to live in City X, which renewable source are you going to use for your own used in motors in electrical appliances such as fans, food blenders and toy cars. The
home? Give a reason for your answer. [1] magnets in the motors help to convert electrical energy to ____________________ energy.

________________________________________________________________________________

c) In City X, the source of energy from crude oil is an example of a non renewable source
of energy. Give one difference between renewable and non-renewable sources of
energy. [1]

________________________________________________________________________________

118 119
5. If the North Pole of a magnet is brought very near to the end of an iron bar, the end of 8. Sharifah placed two bar magnets four times next to each other. The movements of the

the iron bar and the bar magnet will __________. magnets are shown in figure below.
(SPE/2012/Q27)
A. attract each other. What could be concluded by Sharifah from her observations?
B. have no effect on each other. (SPE/2010/Q32)
C. produce an electric spark. A. Like poles attract each other; unlike poles repel each other.
D. repel each other. B. Like poles repel each other; unlike poles attract each other.
C. Unlike and like poles repel each other.
6. A bar magnet is broken into three parts X, Y and Z as shown in figure below. D. Unlike and like poles have no effect on each other.

Which diagram shows the poles in X, Y and Z? 9. Aminuddin placed three toy cars, X, Y and Z at positions 1, 2 and 3. He put a bar
(SPE/2012/Q28) magnet inside each car toy as shown in figure below.

7. Siti Aniza found two bar magnets with no labels on them. She did three experiments as What would happen if Aminuddin pushed all toy cars together as shown in figure
shown by figure below. The arrows show the movement of magnets. Which experiment(s) below?
show(s) two unlike poles next to each other? (SPE/2014/Q20)
(SPE/2009/Q27)
A. Toy car X would attract Toy car Y Toy car Y would attract Toy car Z
A. Experiment 1. B. Toy car X would attract Toy car Y Toy car Y would repel Toy car Z
B. Experiment 2. C. Toy car X would repel Toy car Y Toy car Y would attract Toy car Z
C. Experiment 3. D. Toy car X would repel Toy car Y Toy car Y would repel Toy car Z
D. Experiment 1 and 2.

120 121

10. Which of the following pairs consists of magnetic materials? 12. A student has four rods W, X, Y and Z of the same size but made from different materials.
(SPE/2014/Q19) The ends of each rod were labeled as shown in figure below.

A. Aluminium can and steel paper clip. He brought different ends of the rods together in pairs, and recorded his observations as
B. Gold ring and silver bracelet.
C. Iron paper clip and copper coin. follows:
D. Iron paper clip and steel coin.
Ends Observation
11. Harun has three unidentified rods X, Y and Z. The rods can be either magnet, copper or
iron. To confirm their identity, he placed a bar magnet near one end of the rods X, Y and I&N Push away from each other
Z shown in figure below.

J&K Move towards each other

H&I Nothing happens

G&K Nothing happens

Which rod(s) is / are made of magnetic material?
(SPE/2018/Q24)

A. All four materials
B. Materials X and Z
C. Material X only
D. Material Y only

13. Which of the following proves that a piece of metal is already a magnet?
(SPE/2015/Q22)

A. A magnet is attracted to it.
B. Both ends of a compass needle are attracted to it.
C. Copper wire is repelled by it.
D. One end of a compass needle is repelled by it.

14. Study figure below.
(SPE/2013/Q46b)

Which of the following is the correct conclusion made by Harun?
(SPE/2015/Q23)

X Y Z Metal rod YZ is brought near a magnet. End Y is attracted when placed near to the N-
A. Copper Iron Magnet pole of a magnet. End Y is also attracted when placed near to the S-pole of the
B. Iron Copper Magnet
C. Iron Magnet Copper
D. Magnet Iron Copper

122 123
magnet.
a) Using the words; move towards, move away or nothing happen, predict what will TOPIC 8.2: MAGNETIC FIELD

happen when end Z is brought near to: [2] 1. Figure below shows the magnetic field of a pair of magnets. One pole labelled N is the
the N-pole of the magnet: _____________________________ North pole. What are the poles labelled P, Q and R?
the S-pole of the magnet: _____________________________ (SPE/2011/Q39)

b) Explain your observation stated in part i). [1] P Q R
__________________________________________________________________________________ A. South South North
B. South North South
15. Figure below shows three identical ring magnets arranged through a plastic stick. The C. North North South
three rings „float‟ D. South North North
(SPE/2016/Q44)
2. A bar magnet is placed under a piece of paper. The magnetic field pattern formed by
a) Explain why the magnets float? [2] the iron filings are shown in figure below. Which areas show stronger magnetic field?
___________________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2014/Q21)
___________________________________________________________________________________
A. P and R
b) What would be the poles of: [3] B. P and Q
X: _________________________________________________________________________________ C. R and S
Y: _________________________________________________________________________________ D. Q and S
Z: _________________________________________________________________________________
3. Figure below shows a magnetic field around a single bar magnet.
c) What would happen if pole X is turned upside down to face pole Y? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________ What would be the magnetic field if two bar magnets are arranged as shown in figure
above?
(SPE/2018/Q25)

124 125

4. Nabila sprinkled some iron filings around three bar magnets A, B and C. Draw the CHAPTER 9: DRUGS
magnetic field pattern formed in figure below. [3]
(SPE/2013/Q46c) TOPIC 9.1: THE USES AND ABUSES OF DRUGS TRUE / FALSE
TRUE / FLASE
1. Antibiotics are drugs used to fight diseases caused by bacteria. TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2012/Q42c) TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2016/Q42d)

2. Drug abusers addicted to methylamphetamine (syabu) can
develop mental illnesses.
(SPE/2014/Q42b

3. Alcohol is a drug that slows down the body‟s responses.
(SPE/2011/Q42c)

4. Alcohol causes sharp visions.
(SPE/2015/Q42c)

5. Complete the following passage using words provided below. Each word may be used
once, or not at all. [5]
(SPE/2010/Q41)

paracetamol alcohol marijuana resistant
antibiotics antacids addicted premature

A drug is a chemical substance which changes the way the body works. Most drugs are
useful in preventing diseases and stopping pain sensations. Drugs used to fight diseases
caused by bacteria are called ____________________. When bacteria are not harmed by
the drug anymore, they are said to become ____________________. A commonly used
drug is ____________________ which relieves pain. An example of a harmful drug is heroin.
When people take harmful drugs and are unable to stop taking them, they are said to be
____________________. Tobacco smoking also makes people unable to stop. When
pregnant women smoke, their babies may be born underweight, ____________________ or
dead.

126 127

6. Complete the following passage by using the helping words provided. You may use the 9. Which of the following is an effect of alcohol on the body?
word once, more than once or not at all. [5] (SPE/2012/Q30)
(SPE/2018/Q41)

heartbeat antibiotics resistance painkillers A. Increases a person‟s responses.
addiction appetite anaesthetics hunger B. Increases a person‟s ability to think clearly.
C. Reduces loss of body heat in a person.
D. Reduces self-control in a person.

A drug is a substance that can change the way the human brain and body works. They 10. Why does the consumption of alcohol increase the chance of having a car accident?
may have medicinal use such as ____________________ that are used to treat diseases (SPE/2014/Q23)
caused by bacteria. An example of this medicinal drug is penicillin. When a doctor
prescribes penicillin, the patient must complete the course of the drug to prevent the A. It causes slurred speech and heart attack.
bacteria from becoming ____________________. B. It causes dry eyes and mouth.
C. It causes the body react slower.
D. It causes the body to react faster.

TOPIC 9.2: HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRUGS

Drugs can also harm to the human brain and body when taken excessively. 11. Anabolic steroids are useful drugs for athletes to improve their TRUE / FALSE
performances.
____________________ occurs when drug abusers become dependent on the drug and are (SPE/2013/Q42a)

unable to stop taking them. An example of a harmful drug is methylamphetamine, which 12. Which form of drug abuse will increase the risk of infection with HIV?
(SPE/2016/Q26)
when taken by drug abusers result in loss of ____________________ and increased
A. Cigarette smoking.
____________________. B. Drinking alcohol.
C. Inhaling solvent fumes.
7. One of the most important pieces of advice given by doctors when prescribing D. Injection of heroin.
antibiotics is for the patients to finish them all. Why do we need to keep on taking the
antibiotics until they are finished even when we already feel better? 13. Which of the following consists of commonly abused drugs in sports?
(SPE/2009/Q29) (SPE/2014/Q22)

A. To make sure that we do not waste the antibiotics. A. Human growth hormone and cannabis.
B. To make sure that we will not fall ill again. B. Human growth hormone and steroids.
C. To make sure that other people will not mistakenly consume the antibiotics. C. Methylamphetamine and heroin.
D. To make sure that all the bacteria are killed. D. Methylamphetamine and steroids.

8. What are the effects of the following drugs on a human‟s body? 14. Alcohol is one of the most commonly abuse drugs. Which one of the following is not an
(SPE/2015/Q25) effect of drinking alcohol?
(SPE/2010/Q26)
Cocaine Cannabis
Kill bacteria A. Causes lung cancer.
A. Dry eyes and mouth Kill bacteria B. Causes stomach ulcers.
B. Kill bacteria Loss of sensation C. Damage the liver and the heart.
C. Kill bacteria Dry eyes and mouth D. Difficulty in balancing, walking and speaking.
D. Loss of sensation

128 129

15. Which statement is true of both heroin and excessive use of alcohol? 21. Which of the following drugs can be found in cigarettes?
(SPE/2013/Q22) (SPE/2013/Q21)

A. Both can be taken by injection. A. Heroin.
B. Both can cause harm to the body. B. Morphine.
C. Both can increase the ability to think. C. Nicotine.
D. Both can speed up the body‟s response. D. Steroid

16. Which of the following are the results of drug abuse? 22. Study the graph in Figure below.
(SPE/2016/Q25)

i. Addition
ii. Transmission of diseases
iii. Escape from problems

A. (i), (ii)
B. (i), (iii)
C. (ii), (iii)
D. (i), (iii)

17. Passive smoking is breathing in the smoke from other people‟s TRUE / FALSE
cigarette.
(SPE/2010/Q42c)

18. Passive smokers can get the effects like the heavy smokers. TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2016/Q42a)
Find the number of cigarettes smoked by a person who is at 50% risk of dying from lung
19. Cigarette smoke contains many harmful substances. The three most harmful substances in cancer.
cigarette smoke are (SPE/2013/Q20)
(SPE/2009/Q30)
A. 20 cigarettes.
A. Tar, nicotine and carbon dioxide. B. 23 cigarettes.
B. Tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. C. 25 cigarettes.
C. Tar, nicotine and nitrogen dioxide. D. 28 cigarettes.
D. Tar, nicotine and nitrogen monoxide.
23. Figure 1a and Figure 1b shows lungs of a non-smoker and smoker respectively. Identify the
20. Which of the following diseases or conditions are caused by smoking tobacco? substance in the tobacco smoke that causes the blackening of the lungs
(SPE/2011/Q20) shown in Figure 1b.
A. Bronchitis and stomach ulcers. (SPE/2014/Q24)
B. Damages to the liver and the heart.
C. Headaches and slowing down of the body‟s responses. A. Carbon monoxide. Figure 1a Figure 1b
D. Lung cancer and heart diseases. B. Irritants.
C. Nicotine.
D. Tar.

130 131
b) The graph in figure below shows the percentage risk of smokers dying from lung cancer
24. The information in figure below was found on a packet of cigarette. Select two lung
diseases caused by cigarette smoking. and the number of years they have been smoking.
(SPE/2015/Q26)
Study the graph in figure above.
A. Chronic bronchitis and influenza. i) State the relationship between the risk of smokers dying from lung cancer and
B. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
C. Emphysema and influenza. the number of cigarettes smoked per day. [1]
D. Emphysema and hepatitis C. __________________________________________________________________________________
ii) State the relationship between the risk of smokers dying from lung cancer and the
25. Nicotine and tar are two of the harmful substance present in cigarette smoke. What are number of years of smoking. [1]
the effects of nicotine and tar? __________________________________________________________________________________
(SPE/2016/Q27) iii) From the graphs, estimate the percentage risk of smokers dying from lung cancer for a
person smoking
Nicotine Tar 1. 30 - 39 years when the number of cigarettes smoked per day is 20. [1]
A. Lung cancer Damage the liver
B. Increased blood pressure ______________________________________________________________________________
C. Increased blood pressure Lung cancer 2. 20 - 29 years when the number of cigarettes smoked per day is less than 10. [1]
D. Loss of appetite Loss of appetite
Damage the liver ______________________________________________________________________________

26. (SPE/2017/Q45)
a) Elina carried out an experiment to find out the contents of a cigarette by setting up

the apparatus in figure below. She lighted the cigarette and pulled the syringe
backwards. A brown substance was seen sticking to the cotton wool at the end of
the experiment.

i) What is the brown substance? [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

ii) State two effects of the brown substance. [2]
1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________

132 133

CHAPTER 10: GASES presence of oxygen will rekindle a ____________________ splint. The presence of carbon
dioxide can be tested using lime water. The lime water forms a ____________________
TOPIC 10.1: GASES IN THE AIR precipitate when carbon dioxide is present.

1. Air consists of high percentage of nitrogen. TRUE / FALSE 3. The pie-chart in Figure below shows the percentages of four gases in the atmosphere.
(SPE/2013/Q42b) (SPE/2011/Q31)

2. Figure below shows the composition of air. What are Gas X and Y?
(SPE/2010/Q34)

Gas X Gas Y
A. Oxygen Nitrogen
B. Nitrogen Water vapour
C. Oxygen Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen Oxygen

3. Figure below shows the composition of air. What is the percentage composition of gas M Gas P Gas Q Gas R
and N?
(SPE/2017/Q21) A. Clear lime water turns Relights a glowing Blue cobalt chloride
white precipitate splint paper turns pink
Gas M Gas N
B. Relights a glowing Blue cobalt chloride Clear lime water turns
A. 0.03 % 21 % splint paper turns pink chalky

B. 0.03 % 78 % C. Blue cobalt chloride Clear lime water turns Relights a glowing
paper turns pink white precipitate splint
C. 21 % 0.03 %
D. Blue cobalt chloride Relights a glowing Produces a „pop‟
D. 78 % 0.03 % paper turns pink splint sound with a burning
splint
TOPIC 10.2: PROPERTIES OF GASES

1. Water vapour turns dry cobalt chloride paper from pink to blue. TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2009/Section B Q2d)
4. Khairul carried out three tests shown in figure below to determine the identity of gas Q.

2. Complete the following passage by using the helping words provided. You may use the
word once, more than once or none at all. [5]
(SPE/2016/Q41)

mixture 0.05% orange compounds oxygen
glowing lighted nitrogen white 1%

Air is a ____________________ of gases. The constituents in air are 78% of nitrogen, 21% of
oxygen, 0.03% of carbon dioxide, ____________________ % of noble gases and water
vapour. The proportion of water vapour in the air varies from place to place. Noble gases
are unreactive gases. Other unreactive gas present in the air is ____________________. The

134 135

6. The cobalt chloride paper shown in Figure below is used to test for the presence of water
vapour. Which colour change best describes the presence of water vapour?
(SPE/2014/Q25)

A. Blue  Pink
B. Blue  Red
C. Pink  Blue
D. Red  Blue

7. Nina carried out an investigation on three different gases labelled X, Y and Z.

What is gas Q? She performed Test 1, 2, 3 and 4 and recorded her observations in table below.
(SPE/2015/Q28)
Test Action taken Gas X Gas Y Gas Z
A. Carbon dioxide.
B. Hydrogen. Test 1 Test with burning Pop sound heard No reaction No reaction
C. Nitrogen. Test 2 splint Turns pink No colour change
D. Oxygen. Test 3 No colour White precipitate
Test 4 Test with cobalt change No reaction
5. Three tests were carried out on a colourless gas and the results are shown in Figure below. chloride paper No reaction No reaction No reaction
(SPE/2012/Q29)
Test with No reaction
limewater
Test with lighted

splint

Test Observation Based on the results in table below, which of the following correctly identifies the three
different gases?
1. Glowing splint Glow is extinguished (goes out) (SPE/2017/Q24)
2. Lime water Does not turn lime water white precipitate
3. Cobalt chloride paper Changes from blue to pink Gas X Gas Y Gas Z
Hydrogen Oxygen
From the observations, it can be concluded that the gas is _____________. A. Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water vapour
B. Hydrogen Water vapour Carbon dioxide
A. carbon dioxide. C. Hydrogen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide
B. hydrogen. D. Water vapour
C. oxygen.
D. water vapour.

136 137
8. Which one of the following is the identification test for carbon dioxide gas? 11. Figure below shows a weather balloon that is filled up with helium gas. Which of the

(SPE/2018/Q26) following properties help to explain the use of helium in weather balloons?
(SPE/2017/Q22)
9. Which of the following noble gases is commonly used in colourful advertisement signs? A. Helium gas is colourless and odourless.
(SPE/2009/Q25) B. Helium gas is the 2nd lightest gas.
A. Argon. C. Helium gas is insoluble in water.
B. Neon. D. Helium gas is highly flammable.
C. Xenon.
D. Helium. 12. Which of the following gives two uses of
nitrogen?
10. Figure below shows a gas jar containing gas Y. And Gas Y is a noble gas. Which (SPE/2017/Q23)
statement about Y is correct. A. Advertising signs and making margarine.
(SPE/2015/Q27) B. Advertising signs and party balloons.
A. Y makes up 78% of air. C. Preserving food and making fertilizers.
B. Y is unreactive. D. Preserving food and as dry ice.
C. Y relights a glowing splint.
D. Y supports combustion. 13. Helium gas is used in party balloons as shown below.
(SPE/2013/Q44cii, iii & iv)
a) Draw what happens to the party balloon filled with helium after one day.

b) What has happened to the helium as inside the balloon after one day? [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________

c) State a reason why helium is a suitable gas to be used in party balloons. [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________

138 TRUE / FALSE 139

TOPIC 10.3: HYDROGEN 3. Hydrogen gas was collected in a test tube in figure below. A burning splint was put inside
the test tube. On carrying out this test, droplets of liquid B were formed on the sides of the
1. When an acid is added to a metal such as magnesium, oxygen is test tube. A piece of cobalt chloride paper was used to test for liquid B.
produced.
(SPE/2016/Q42e)

2. Figure below shows the preparation of hydrogen gas in the laboratory.
(SPE/2014/Q41)

Which observations correctly describe these tests?
(SPE/2013/Q23)

Complete the following passage by using the helping words provided. [5] Hydrogen Liquid B
A. A pop sound produced
Cobalt chloride paper turned blue
B. A pop sound produced to pink

No changed observed

acids alkalis zinc lighted glowing C. The burning splint relighted Cobalt chloride paper turned blue
ethanol relight margarine light water D. The burning splint relighted to pink

No changed observed

Hydrogen gas is prepared by the reaction of metals and ______________. Examples of 4. (SPE/2012/Q45)
metals that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas are __________________, magnesium a) Most metals react with dilute acids. Figure below show the preparation of hydrogen
and iron. The presence of hydrogen gas is tested by using ________________________ splint.
A pop sound shows that hydrogen is present. On carrying out this test, droplets of gas using the reaction of metal, magnesium, with an acid, dilute hydrochloric acid.
_____________________ are formed. Hydrogen gas is used as a fuel, weather balloon and
manufacture of __________________________.

i. Complete the word equation for the reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric
acid. [1]

Magnesium + dilute + Hydrogen
hydrochloric ____________
acid

140 141
ii. Name another suitable metal that could be used to prepare hydrogen gas. [1]
Zinc + dilute + ______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
iii. Describe a test to show the presence of hydrogen gas. [2] hydrochloric

_________________________________________________________________________________ acid ________________________
b) Hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form water. Explain why:
b) The collected gas in figure above needs to be identified.
i) Hydrogen gas is an element. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________ i. Describe a test to identify this gas. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ii) Water is a compound. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________ ii. What would be the expected results? [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c) Give one use of hydrogen. [1] c) The gas given off is colourless. State three other properties of this gases. [3]
____________________________________________________________________________________
i. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. A Year 8 student is investigating the reaction between a zinc ribbon and dilute
hydrochloric acid. The apparatus has been set up as shown in figure below. ii. ______________________________________________________________________________
(SPE/2018/Q47)
iii. ______________________________________________________________________________

a) Complete the word equation for the reaction between zinc with dilute hydrochloric
acid. [2]

142 TRUE / FALSE 143
4. Figure below shows four components of blood. Which component helps carry oxygen
CHAPTER 11: TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS
throughout the body?
TOPIC 11.1: BLOOD (SPE/2015/Q31)

1. White blood cells protect the body against diseases. 5. Figure below is a diagram which shows three components of blood labelled X, Y and Z.
(SPE/2017/Q42c) (SPE/2018/Q46)

2. Figure below shows the components of blood.
(SPE/2013/Q25)

Identify component X, Y and Z.

X Y Z
A. Plasma White blood cell Platelets
B. Platelets White blood cell
C. Platelets Plasma Plasma
D. White blood cell White blood cell Platelets

Element

3. Figure below shows one type of blood cell. What is the name of the blood cells and its a) Name the components X, Y and Z and state one function of each in the table below.
function? [6]
(SPE/2010/Q37)
Component Name Function

Name Function X
Transports food
A. Red blood cell Transports oxygen Y
B. Red blood cell Transports food
C. White blood cell Transports oxygen
D. White blood cell

Z

144 145
b) Make a large drawing of component Z from figure above and label three parts of Z. 4. Which one of the following describes a vein?

[ 5] (SPE/2018/Q27)

TOPIC 11.2: BLOOD VESSELS A. It has thick walls with valves and caries blood away from the heart.
1. Which of the following is a type of blood vessel? B. It has thick walls with valves and carries blood to the heart.
C. It has thin walls with valves and carries blood away from the heart.
(SPE/2015/Q29) D. It has thin walls with valves and carries blood to the heart.
A. Trachea.
B. Oesophagus. 5. Figure below shows the various components of blood in a blood vessel.
C. Intestine.
D. Vein. Identify the type of blood vessel and the components of the blood present in Figure
above.
2. Which of the blood vessel(s) in Figure below carry blood away from the heart under high (SPE/2014/Q28)
pressure?
(SPE/2013/Q24) Type of blood vessel Blood components
A. 1 only. A. Artery red blood cells, plasma, platelets
B. 1 and 2. B. Artery white blood cells, plasma, platelets
C. 2 and 3. C. Capillary red blood cells, plasma, platelets
D. 1, 2 and 3. D. Vein white blood cells, plasma, platelets

3. Figure below shows the cross section of a human blood vessel. What is the function of this 6. The graph in Figure below shows the results of an investigation to find the effects of
type of blood vessel? exercise on the pulse rate of some Year 8 students.
(SPE/2017/Q26) (SPE/2014/Q29)
A. Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
B. Carry blood back to the heart under low pressure.
C. Carry blood back to the heart under high pressure.
D. Exchange of substance between blood and tissues.

146 147

8. Mahmud did four different kinds of activities to investigate the effects of exercise on his
pulse rate. Table below shows the results of his experiment.

Heart beat before the exercise 72 72 72 72
(pulse/min)
Walking Doing sit Jumping Jogging
Type of Exercise for 1 min ups for 1 jacks for 2 for 3 mins

Heart beat after the exercise 90 min mins 132
(pulse/min) 125 130

This experiment is not a fair test. What should Mahmud do to improve his experiment?
(SPE/2017/Q27)

A. Carry out the four activities for one minute only.
B. Change all the activities to jumping jacks only.
C. Increase the jumping jacks activity into three minutes.
D. Reduce the jogging activity to two minutes only.

Use the graph to predict the pulse rate of the students 20 minutes after the exercise. 9. Saiful recorded the heart beats of his friend, Nabil for doing three activities as in the Table
below.
A. 50-52 (SPE/2013/Q48)
B. 70-72
C. 90-92 Number of heart beats per min
D. 120-122
Time / s Sitting Walking Running
0
60 68 68 68

120 68 X 105
180
68 88 Y

68 98 180

7. Table below shows information about the lifestyle of four 50 year old adults. Which adult is a) Plot a graph of heart beats per minutes against time for sitting, walking and running
likely to have a healthy heart? activities on the same axes provided below. [5]
(SPE/2015/Q30)
b) From the graph, find the values of X and Y. [2]
Adult Exercises Eats balanced diet Smokes
(Age 50) regularly cigarettes X – _____________________________________________________________________________
X
A. X / / Y – _____________________________________________________________________________
B. / / X
C. X X /
D. / X

148 149
c) Table below shows the calories burnt when doing the three activities.
TOPIC 11.3: STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

Sitting Walking Running 1. The vena cava is connected to the right atrium of the heart. TRUE / FALSE
0 24 52 (SPE/2014/Q42c)
Calories burnt

How are the activities related to the calories burnt? [1] 2. The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart. TRUE / FALSE
________________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2013/Q42e)

3. Valves found in the heart and veins ensure blood flows in forward TRUE / FALSE
and backward directions.
(SPE/2009/Section Q1c)

4. The valves in the heart chamber prevent blood from flowing TRUE / FALSE

backwards.
(SPE/2015/Q42d)

5. Figure below shows the structure of the heart. Which structure of the heart exerts a larger
force to pump blood to all parts of the body?
(SPE/2014/Q26)

6. Figure below shows a section through the human heart.

Which features suggests that the blood leaving the heart at Q has higher pressure than
blood leaving the heart at P?
(SPE/2017/Q25)

A. Valve Q is stronger than valve P.
B. Wall U is thicker than wall T.
C. Valve P is stronger than valve Q.
D. Wall T is thicker than wall U.

150 151
7. Study the diagram of the heart in figure below. Which of the following parts is correctly 11. Which diagram shows a correct sequence of the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

labelled? (SPE/2014/Q27)
(SPE/2018/Q28)
12. Figure below shows the structure of the human heart. What is the main function of C?
A. Aorta (SPE/2010/Q25)
B. Pulmonary vein A. To filter the blood.
C. Left atrium B. To make blood flow faster.
D. Valve C. To prevent blood from flowing backwards.
D. To prevent the mixing of blood.
8. Figure below shows the structure of a human heart with the main blood vessels. Which
blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the lungs? 13. Figure below shows the human blood circulatory system. Why is the human circulatory
(SPE/2009/Q23) system known as „double circulation‟?
(SPE/2009/Q34)
9. The blood flowing in the pulmonary vein is different from the blood flowing in other veins A. Blood travels to each organ twice.
because the blood in the pulmonary vein is _____________________. B. The heart pumps twice in each circulation.
(SPE/2011/Q33) C. The blood passes the heart twice in each circulation.
D. The blood travels in two different types of blood vessels.
A. moving away.
B. moving to the lung.
C. poorer in oxygen.
D. richer in oxygen.

10. Figure below shows blood vessels carrying blood to and away from the heart. Which of
the following blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?
(SPE/2012/Q38)

A. 1 and 2.
B. 1 and 3.
C. 2 and 4.
D. 3 and 4.

152 153

14. The diagram in Figure below shows the systems present inside a human being. 10. Figure below shows the structure of a human transport system.
(SPE/2013/Q45) (SPE/2016/Q46a & bi)

a) Name the system labelled A, B and C above. [3] a) i) Which blood vessel A, B, C or D carry blood containing high concentration of
A - _____________________________________________________________________________ oxygen? [1]

B - ______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Why is the wall of left ventricle thicker than right ventricle? [1]
C - _____________________________________________________________________________
b) In system A, name the blood vessel where blood rich in oxygen flow to all parts of _________________________________________________________________________________
b) From figure above, use letters A, B, C or D to group the different types of
human body. [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________ blood vessels under: [2]
i. Arteries : __________ and __________
c) In system B, name two important gases that are going in and out through this
system. [2] ii. Veins : __________ and __________

Gas going in - _____________________________________________________________ c) Explain two differences between an artery and a vein. [2]
Gas going out - _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

d) Explain why the heart beats faster during a vigorous exercise. [2]
_________________________________________________________________________________

154 155

CHAPTER 12: PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION 3. Photosynthesis in plants plays an important role in an ecosystem (environment). Which of
the following is NOT an important result of photosynthesis?
TOPIC 12.1: PLANT NUTRITION (SPE/2012/Q16)

1. With the aid of the labelled diagrams in figure below. Complete the following passage by A. It increases the amount of oxygen in the air.
using the helping words provided. [5] B. It increases the amount of water vapour in the air.
(SPE/2013/Q41) C. It produces food for living things.
D. It removes carbon dioxide from the air.

4. Figure below shows the photosynthesis process. Which gas represents gas 1 and gas 2
above?
(SPE/2014/Q30)

ethanol iodine blue-black kerosene fats Gas 1 Gas 2
protein starch A. Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide
sugar photosynthesis chlorophyll
B. Carbon dioxide Oxygen
A green leaf is placed in boiling water for 30 seconds in order to kill the leaf cells. The leaf C. Oxygen Carbon dioxide
is then transferred into a test tube of _____________________. The test tube is left in hot D. Oxygen Carbon monoxide
water for about five minutes. The colour of ethanol turns green. The ____________________
in the leaf is absorbed by the ethanol. The leaf is then put back into a beaker of hot water 5. Which of the following are the correct conditions and raw materials for photosynthesis?
to remove the ethanol and soften the leaf. After that, the leaf is placed on a white tile (SPE/2010/Q24)
and few drops of ___________________ is added. The leaf turns ___________________ in
colour. This shows that _____________________ is present in the leaf. Conditions Raw materials
Carbon dioxide and water
2. A small plant was placed into a conical flask containing water and set up as shown in A. Chlorophyll and light Chlorophyll and light
figure below. After 8 hours in sunlight, the water level in the test tube was seen to have B. Carbon dioxide and water Carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
fallen slightly. What is the possible reason for this fall in water level? C. Oxygen and water Carbon dioxide and oxygen
(SPE/2011/Q27) D. Air and room temperature

A. Water is reduced from the conical flask by evaporation. 6. An experiment was carried out as shown in the diagram. The gas collected in the test
B. Water is taken up by the plant for photosynthesis. tube will…..
C. Water is reduced from the conical flask by diffusion. (SPE/2009/Q17)
D. Water is absorbed by the oil.
A. relight a glowing splint.
B. turn limewater milky.
C. produce a „pop‟ sound with a burning splint.
D. turn dry cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink.

156 157

7. Khalid carried out an experiment to test the presence of starch in a tomato leaf. Steps TOPIC 12.2: ANIMAL NUTRITION
involved in the experiment are shown in figure below. The correct sequence of steps
should be….. 1. Figure below shows the composition of four different foods A, B, C and D. Which food will
(SPE/2015/Q32) release the highest amount of energy?
(SPE/2018/Q31)
A. l  ll  lV  lll
B. ll  lV  l  lll
C. lV  l  ll  lll
D. lV  ll  l  lll

8. When plants photosynthesise, the glucose produced in leaves is quickly converted to
starch for storage. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the presence of
starch as shown in figure below.

Which of the following correctly shows the results of the iodine test on the sections P, Q 2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
and R respectively? (SPE/2018/Q30)
(SPE/2018/Q29)
A. Calcium causes rickets.
P Q R B. Iron helps make white blood cells.
A. Blue-black Blue-black Yellow C. Vitamin C causes scurvy.
B. Blue-black Blue-black D. Vitamin D helps form healthy skin.
C. Yellow Yellow Blue-black
D. Yellow Blue-black Yellow 3. Which group of food contains the highest amount of dietary fibre?
Blue-black (SPE/2010/Q20)

A. Meat, eggs, fish and milk.
B. Sugar, rice, butter and meat.
C. Sugar, oil, butter and margarine.
D. Vegetables, fruits, rice and cereals.

158 159

4. Table below shows a list of vitamins and their respective deficiency diseases. 7. Solution X produces a red precipitate when heated with Benedict‟s solution. A purple
(SPE/2012/Q18) colour develops when the Biuret test is used on Solution X. Which nutrients are present in
Solution X?
Vitamin Vitamin deficiency disease (SPE/2010/Q21)
W
A X A. Fat and protein.
C Y B. Fat and starch.
D C. Reducing sugar and protein.
D. Reducing sugar and starch.
Which of the following correctly represent W, X and Y?
8. Azam carried out an experiment to detect the presence of protein in food sample A and
W X Y B using Biuret test. Figure below shows how he prepares the food samples for testing.
Scurvy Night blindness
A. Beri beri Night blindness
B. Beri beri Scurvy Rickets
C. Night blindness Beri beri Rickets
D. Scurvy Rickets

5. Which group of food below can reduce the chances of getting constipation?
(SPE/2013/Q26)

A. Cereals, vegetables and fruits. Which sets up should he use to ensure a fair test?
B. Meat, fish, eggs and milk. (SPE/2016/Q28)
C. Rice, sugar, butter and meat.
D. Sugar, oil, margarine and butter

6. A group of Year 8 students carried out two tests on a food sample. Table below shows the Food sample A Food sample B
results of the tests.
(SPE/2013/Q27) A. 2 cm3 of distilled water + 2 drops 2 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops
Test Results
of Biuret solution of Biuret solution

B. 2 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops 4 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops

1. Benedict‟s solution is added to the food Orange precipitate of Biuret solution of Biuret solution
sample and the mixture is heated. Blue solution remains
C. 4 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops 4 cm3 of distilled water + 2 drops
2. Biuret solution is added to the food
sample. Shake the mixture. of Biuret solution of Biuret solution

D. 2 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops 2 cm3 of distilled water + 5 drops

of Biuret solution of Biuret solution

What can you conclude from the results?

A. Both protein and sugar present.
B. Both protein and sugar is absent.
C. Protein is present but not sugar.
D. Sugar is present but not protein.

160 161

9. Figure below shows experiments to test for the presence of starch and glucose. Complete
the table below by naming reagents P and Q. Record the expected observations. [4]
(SPE/2011/Q46b)

Experiment Reagent Observation

10. a) Salmah designed an experiment to investigate the presence of glucose in her meal i) Salmah‟s descriptions of her steps are not in order. Arrange her steps in correct order
shown in figure below. by adding number 1 to 4 in the boxes in figure above. [1]
(SPE/2014/Q45)
ii) Salmah made an experimental error when adding food samples in the test tube.
She wrote down the steps taken in figure below. State the experimental error she made. [1]

_________________________________________________________________________________

162 163
iii) Write down two factors that Salmah has kept the same in this investigation. [2] What can Salmah conclude from results in Table above? [2]
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC 12.3: BALANCED DIET
iv) Describe a fair test that Salmah needs to do to further improve her investigation in 1. Figure below shows a food pyramid for a balanced diet. Which group of food below
figure above. [1]
________________________________________________________________________________ should be eaten in the smallest quantity?
(SPE/2009/Q18)
b) Salmah carried out the experiment and her results are shown In Table below. A. Vegetables, fruits, rice and cereals.
B. Sugar, oil, butter and margarine.
Food A B CD C. Meat, eggs, fish and milk.
samples (Egg suspension) (Rice suspension) (Apple Juice) (Rose syrup) D. Sugar, rice, butter and meat.
Colour of
Blue Blue Blue Blue 2. Figure below shows different groups of food.
the
Benedict’s Blue Blue Orange Orange Which group of food should be eaten more in order to reduce obesity and state the
solution at precipitate precipitate main reason?
(SPE/2011/Q25)
the start A. Vegetables and fruits – because they prevent constipation.
Colour if the B. Butter and burger – because they tasted good.
Benedict’s C. Vegetables and fruits – because they contain more fibre.
solution after D. Butter and burger – because they are high in calories.

3 minutes

What can Salmah conclude from her experiment? [1]
_____________________________________________________________________

c) Salmah also carried out another investigation with the same food samples using
Biuret‟s test and Iodine test. She recorded her results in Table below.

Observation

Iodine test Biuret’s test

Food Colour at Colour at Colour at Colour at
samples
the start of the end of the start of the end of
A (Egg
suspension) the experiment the experiment

B (Rice experiment experiment
suspension)
yellow yellow blue purple
C (Apple
Juice) yellow blue black blue blue
D (Rose
syrup) yellow yellow blue blue

yellow yellow blue blue

164 165
a) Which food(s) in table above contains:
3. Figure below shows two types of diet X and Y in the form of pie charts.
(SPE/2009/Section B Q6a) i) the most protein [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
Compare Diet X and Diet Y and answer the following questions:
a) Which diet is lacking in proteins? [1] ii) no carbohydrates [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
b) Which food group is present in Diet X but absent in Diet Y? [1] b) Not all the types of nutrients needed for a balanced diet are shown in table above.
Name one missing type of nutrient. [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________
c) What might happen if a person eats too much food from Diet X? [2]
c) State two reasons why a person who wants to have a healthy diet will choose the
___________________________________________________________________________________ vegetable burger instead of a beef burger. [2]
___________________________________________________________________________________ 1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
4. Table below shows the information about 6 different foods and its nutrients.
(SPE/2015/Q44a, b and c) d) Study the situation in figure below.

Nutrients per 100 g of each food i) Which student is taking an unbalanced diet? [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
Food Protein Fats Carbohydrate Fibre Vitamin C
(g) (mg per 100 ii) Give a reason for your answer in part i). [1]
Milk (g) (g) _________________________________________________________________________________
Beef burger 3.3 g)
Vegetable 10.6 3.8 4.7 0 2
burger 18.5 32.1 9.5 0 0
Chicken 12.7 11.7 4.5 2.2
Cabbage 26.5
Potato chip 1.7 4.0 0 0 0
0.6 23
0 2.3 54 0

2.2 8.6 0.5

166 167

iii) State two possible effects that would happen if the student stated in part i) TOPIC 12.4: DIGESTION IN MAMMALS
continues eating an unbalanced diet. [2]
1. Figure below shows the human digestive system. Which organs are NOT involved in
_________________________________________________________________________________ digesting food substances?
(SPE/2011/Q29)

5. Table below shows the diet of four students for breakfast and lunch. A. Organs A and B.
(SPE/2017/Q46a) B. Organs B and C.
C. Organs A, B and C.
Student Breakfast Lunch D. Organs A, C and D.
A  Egg sandwiches
 Coffee with sugar  Beefburger with cheese 2. Figure below shows the human alimentary canal. Which organ contains an acid to kill
B  Fish and french fries harmful organisms in the food that we eat?
 Chicken pie  A glass of coke (soft (SPE/2009/Q22)
C  Coffee with sugar
drink)
D  Cereal
 Milk  Fried noodles with beef
slices
 Egg sandwiches
 Milk  Ice cream
 A glass of water

 Rice and vegetables
 Grilled fish
 Apple
 A glass of water

 Chicken pizza
 French fries
 A glass of coke (soft

drink)

a) Which student (A, B, C or D) above has the healthiest diet? [1] 3. Study the experiment in figure below.
____________________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2013/Q28)

b) Give one reason for your answer in a). [1] Which of the following experiments should be carried out to ensure a fair test?
____________________________________________________________________________________

168 169
b) Name the process whereby the food particles move through the oesophagus and
4. a) Figure below shows the human digestive system. Draw line to match the following
description to the correct letter representing the organ. [5] intestines. [1]
(SPE/2010/Q45a) ____________________________________________________________________________________
c) Gastric juice produced in the stomach contains an enzyme which is used to digest a
b) Figure below represents digestion of protein molecule. type of food. What is the type of food digested? [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
i. Name the group of enzymes that digests protein. [1] d) Pancreatic juice, intestinal juice and bile are releases into the small intestine. Where is
_________________________________________________________________________________ bile produced? [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the end product of protein digestion? [1] e) i) Describe briefly how absorption of digested food takes place in the small intestine.
_________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
5. The flowchart shows the sequence of the passage of food through part of the human _________________________________________________________________________________
alimentary canal. _________________________________________________________________________________
(SPE/2012/Q43) (ii) State one feature of the small intestine that helps to increase the surface area of

Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine absorption of food. [1]
________________________________________________________________________________
a) Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth. What enzyme is involved? [1] f) What happens to the undigested food in the small intestine? [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

6. Figure below shows a human digestive system.
(SPE/2018/Q44)

a) Name parts labelled: [4]

P: ___________________________________

R: ___________________________________

U: ___________________________________

V: ___________________________________

170 171
b) Digestion of food starts in the mouth with the chewing action by the teeth
b) Using the letters in figure above, which part(s) of the digestive system does the
(mastication). following takes place: [3]
i. State what happens to the food during the chewing action. [1]
i) carbohydrate digestion : ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Explain why this process is important.[1] ii) protein digestion : ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ iii) water absorption : ____________________________________________________

c) Organ Q secretes an acidic fluid. State two reasons why acidic fluid is important for c) Nurul and Razak carried out an experiment to investigate the breakdown of starch by
the function of this organ. [2] amylase as shown in figure below.
i. _________________________________________________________________________________
Table below shows the results of their experiment when tested with Benedict solution.
ii. _________________________________________________________________________________
Test tube Observation
d) Give two reasons why food we eat must be digested by enzymes in the digestive A Orange precipitate
system. [2] B
i. _________________________________________________________________________________ No change

ii. _________________________________________________________________________________ i) Based on the results in table above, what can be concluded from the experiment?
[1]
7. Figure below shows a digestive system.
(SPE/2016/Q45) __________________________________________________________________________________
a) Name part B and D. [2]
B : __________________________________ ii) Give two variables that are kept the same in the experiment. [2]
D : __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

172 173
b) Give a reason for your answer in a) by comparing the result at the beginning and after
8. Study the experiment in figure below.
(SPE/2017/Q46b) 30 minutes. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________

c) Give two reasons why the experiment in figure above is a fair test. [2]
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

d) Name two organs in the digestive system where digestion of starch is taking place. [2]
____________________________________________________________________________________

Table below shows the results of the experiment at the beginning and after 30 minutes.

Test for starch

Experiment Colour of starch and saliva mixture
(amylase solution) after adding iodine

solution)

Beginning of experiment (STEP 1 & 2) Turns blue black
After 30 minutes (STEP 3 & 4) Remains yellow

a) Based on the result of the experiment in table above, can you conclude that digestion
has taken place? [1]

____________________________________________________________________________________

174 175
4. Which one is the correct way of connecting ammeter and voltmeter to measure the
CHAPTER 13: ELECTRICITY
voltage and current of the light bulbs?
TOPIC 13.1: ELECTRIC CIRCUIT (SPE/2016/Q29)

1. Electrons flow in the same direction as conventional current. TRUE / FALSE A. B. C. D.
(SPE/2011/Q42d)
5. The diagram shows a circuit with an ammeter connected in series with the dry cells. What
2. Figure below shows a torch containing two cells, a switch and a lamp. Which is the circuit is the current at l2 if ammeter at l1 reads 3.5 A?
diagram for the torch? (SPE/2016/Q30)
(SPE/2018/Q33) A. 1.5 A
B. 2.5 A
3. The bulb and cell in the circuits shown in figure below are similar. In which circuit would C. 3.5 A
the bulb light up the brightest? D. 4.5 A
(SPE/2011/Q38)
6. Nurul carried out an experiment to measure the current in a circuit for different voltages,
as shown in figure below. The resistor, R in each circuit is identical and a milliammeter is
used to measure the current.

She recorded the readings obtained in the table below.

Circuit Voltage (volts) Current (amperes)
Circuit 1 1.5 15
Circuit 2 3.0 30
Circuit 3 X 60

176 177
b) Dry cells and batteries are sources of electrical energy.
What is the value of X?
(SPE/2012/Q33) i) What type of energy is stored in dry cells and batteries? [1]

A. 4.5 volts ____________________________________________________________________________________
B. 6.0 volts
C. 7.5 volts ii) Some batteries are „rechargeable‟. What do you think are the advantages of using
D. 9.0 volts rechargeable batteries? [2]

7. Ismail set up an electrical circuit using two identical resistors, a light bulb and four ____________________________________________________________________________________
voltmeters as shown in figure below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
If V1 is 9.0 V, what would be the reading of voltages V2, V3 and V4?
(SPE/2014/Q33) c) We are constantly reminded to save electricity. Suggest TWO ways in which you could
reduce electricity usage. [2]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

9. Suzana arranged the following apparatus as shown in figure below.
(SPE/2011/Q47)
a) Draw a simple circuit diagram to
represent the apparatus shown. [4]

V2 (volts) V3 (volts) V4 (volts)
A. 2.0 3.0 4.0
B. 2.5 3.0 3.5
C. 3.5 2.0 3.5
D. 9.0 9.0 9.0

8. Electric current is described as a flow of electrons from the negative terminal to the b) Complete the table below for apparatus labeled X and Y. [4]
positive terminal of a cell. Electrons need a conducting material to flow. Copper metal is
the best conducting material used as electrical wires. Apparatus X Apparatus Y
(SPE/2009/Section B Q5)
Name
a) Explain why electrical wires are covered with plastic or rubber? [1] What is it used for?

____________________________________________________________________________________

178 179
c) Describe how the dry cells are arranged in figure above. What will happen to readings c) Figure below shows an electrical circuit. The voltage across each bulb is 0.5 V.

in Y if the number of dry cells is increased to FOUR, using the same arrangement. [2] Calculate the total voltage, VT, in this circuit. [2]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ 11. (SPE/2017/Q47)
a) Study figure below carefully.
10. Figure below shows the following electrical components.
(SPE/2015/Q45)

a) Use the components provided to draw a circuit diagram to represent the type of i. The voltage of each cell above is 1.5 V. Calculate the total voltage of the circuit in
circuit present in homes. [3] each torch when switched on. [3]

b) A student sets up a simple circuit in figure below to show the wiring in a torch. This Torch X Torch Y Torch Z
torch can last for 24 hours (1 day) once it is switched on. Design another circuit which
will allow the torch to operate for longer than 24 hours. [2] Voltage

ii. Based on your answer in a i), which lighted torch would be the brightest? Explain
your answer. [2]

Torch : ______________________________________________________________________

Reason : ______________________________________________________________________

180 181
iii. Draw an open circuit diagram for torchlight Y. [3]
2. Diagram below shows a circuit diagram with two resistors. What is the total resistance?
b) Figure below shows two possible lighting circuits in the two rooms of a house. (SPE/2009/Q31)

A. 4 Ω
B. 5 Ω
C. 1.0 Ω
D. 0.5 Ω

3. Figure below shows a circuit diagram with four resistors. What is the total resistance?
(SPE/2010/Q31)

A. 0.2 Ω
B. 5 Ω
C. 10 Ω
D. 20 Ω

Which circuit in figure above is the most suitable lighting circuit for the two rooms of the 4. Figure below shows a circuit diagram with TWO light bulbs. The resistance of each bulb is
house. Give one reason for your answer. [2] shown. Calculate the total resistance of the light bulbs (in Ω) and the current, I (in A)
flowing through the circuit.
(SPE/2011/Q35)

Circuit : ______________________________________________________________________ Total resistance/Ω Current/A
A. 1.0 1.5
Reason : ______________________________________________________________________ B. 2.5
C. 0.25 0.375
D. 10 6.0
2.5

TOPIC 13.2: RESISTANCE 5. Hafiz set up an electrical circuit using two identical resistors, R and four ammeters as
shown in figure below.
1. What is the unit of current, voltage and resistance respectively?
(SPE/2018/Q32)

A. amperes, joules and ohms
B. amperes, volts and ohms
C. volts, amperes and ohms
D. joules, volts and ampere

If ammeter A1 shows a reading of 4 amperes, what would be the readings of ammeters A2,
A3 and A4?
(SPE/2012/Q32)

A2 (ampere) 182 A4 (ampere) 183
A. 1 3
B. 1 A3 (ampere) 4 9. Figure below shows a diagram with three resistors. Which of the following workings is
C. 2 2 3 correct way to calculate the total resistance?
D. 2 3 4 (SPE/2018/Q34)
1
2 A. 2 Ω + 5Ω + 10 Ω
B. 2 Ω X 5Ω X 10 Ω
6. Figure below shows a circuit diagram with four resistors. Calculate the total resistance. C. 10 Ω X 5Ω X 2Ω
(SPE/2014/Q31) 3 3
3 + 1Ω + 1Ω
A. 2.0 Ω D. 1 Ω 5 10
B. 5.0 Ω
C. 10.0 Ω 2
D. 20.0 Ω
10. A student connects a bulb, a resistor, a dry cell and an ammeter in series so that the bulb
will light up.
(SPE/2010/Q47)

a) In the space below, draw the circuit diagram. [3]

7. Two identical resistors are connected as shown in figure below. Which answer shows the
correct total resistance?
(SPE/2015/Q34)

P Q b) Draw a voltmeter parallel to the bulb on your circuit diagram in part a). [1]
A. 1 Ω 2Ω
B. 2 Ω 2Ω c) What is the function of the voltmeter in part b) [1]
C. 1 Ω 4Ω ____________________________________________________________________________________
D. 2 Ω 4Ω
d) How does the resistor affect the flow of current? [1]
8. Figure below shows three resistors in parallel. What is the total resistance? ____________________________________________________________________________________
(SPE/2017/Q29)
e) What will be observed if the resistor is taken out of the circuit in part a)? Give an
A. 1.0 Ω explanation for your answer. [2]
B. 3.7 Ω ____________________________________________________________________________________
C. 10.7 Ω ____________________________________________________________________________________
D. 11.0 Ω ____________________________________________________________________________________

184 185
11. A student learning about electric circuits connects up the circuit shown in figure below.
iii) If the voltage across X is 1.0 V and the voltage across Y is 2.0 V, what is the voltage
(SPE/2012/Q47) across both X and Y? [1]

i) The student makes one mistake with his connections. What is his mistake? [1] ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
iV) Write an equation to show the relationship between individual voltages across
ii) Name ONE electrical component that should also be included in the circuit. [1] resistor X and resistor Y and the total voltage across XY. [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
b) Two resistors, X and Y, are connected to make a circuit as shown in figure below.
12. A group of Year 8 science students carried out an investigation to find out how the
i) If the ammeter reading is 0.5 A, what is the current flowing through [2] current passing through a wire was affected by the voltage across the ends of the wire.
Resistor X?: ________________________________________________________________________ Figure below shows the circuit that they used.
Resistor Y?: ________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2016/Q48)

ii) Draw a voltmeter in the diagram above to show how you would measure the voltage The variable resistor in the circuit is used to vary the voltage across the wire. Each time the
across both X and Y. [1] setting of the variable resistor is changed, the students recorded the set of readings of the
ammeter and the voltmeter in the table below.

Voltage/V Current/A
0.0 0.0
2.5 0.5
5.0 1.0

bi)_____________________ ____________________
10.0 2.0
12.5 2.5

bii)____________________ ____________________

186 187
a) Suggest ONE factor that must be kept constant throughout this experiment. [1]

____________________________________________________________________________________

b) Figure below shows the voltmeter and ammeter for the two missing sets of readings.
Read the meters and complete the table. [4]

c) Use the completed data recorded in table above to plot a graph of Current (y-axis) TOPIC 13.3: HOUSEHOLD WIRING AND SAFETY DEVICES
against Voltage (x-axis) on the provided graph paper. [4]
1. A fuse with a rating of 5A cannot be used for an appliance if the current
d) Based on the graph plotted, state ONE conclusion about the current flowing in the through it is 5A.
wire and the potential difference across the ends of the wire. [1] (SPE/2009/Section B Q2e)

___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The fuse wire of a 30 A fuse will melt if the current in the circuit is 3A.
(SPE/2018/Q42e)
TRUE / FALSE
TRUE / FLASE

188 TRUE / FALSE 189
7. Study the circuit diagram in figure below.
3. Electric appliances with metallic casing must have an earth wire.
(SPE/2018/Q42b) Which of the following devices can be placed between XY to protect the bulb if too
much current is present in the circuit?
4. Figure below shows a circuit with three lamps and three switches. Which switches must be (SPE/2014/Q32)
closed (switch on) to light only lamps 1 and 3?
(SPE/2012/Q31) 8. A student made a circuit as shown in figure below. The fuse has blown and stopped the
current. What could have caused this?
A. Switch 1 only. (SPE/2012/Q34)
B. Switch 1 and switch 2 only. A. The current was too large.
C. Switch 1 and switch 3 only. B. The fuse rating was too high.
D. Switch 2 and switch 3 only. C. The lamp was loose.
D. The voltage was too small.
5. An electrician wants to connect lights to the same circuit but it must be able to light up
separately. Which of the following diagrams represent the circuit? 9. Figure below shows an electric circuit with a dry cell, a bulb, a fuse and a variable resistor.
(SPE/2016/Q31) The fuse has a rating of 5 A. What would happen when the current in the circuit is
increased to 8 A?
6. Look at figure below carefully. It shows a three-pin plug. What is the main purpose of (SPE/2015/Q33)
having a fuse? A. The bulb filament melts and breaks the circuit.
(SPE/2013/Q29) B. The fuse wire melts and breaks the circuit.
C. The fuse wire allows the current to pass through it.
A. To prevent a person from getting an electric shock. D. The variable resistor melts and breaks the circuit.
B. To prevent the wire from overheating.
C. To protect the appliance from too much current flow.
D. To protect the three-pin plug from melting.

190 191

10. Sharifah bought a new bread toaster. Figure shows the label on the toaster. The current What will happen when Hashim touches the toaster?
that flows to the toaster is 3.96 A. Which of the following fuses should Sharifah use? (SPE/2015/Q35)
(SPE/2009/Q28)
A. Most current will flow through the live wire and give him an electric shock.
A. 3 A B. Most current will flow through the neutral wire and give him an electric shock.
B. 5 A C. Most current will flow through the neutral wire to the ground and protect him from an
C. 13 A
D. 15 A electric shock.
D. Most current will flow through the earth wire to the ground and protect him
11. An electric kettle with a power of 1200 W is connected to the 240 V mains power supply.
The current that flows to the kettle is 5 A. What will happen if a 3 A fuse is used in the kettle? from an electric shock.
(SPE/2010/Q30)
14. As a safety precaution, we are not advice to touch electrical appliances, plugs or
A. The fuse will work normally. switches with wet hands. What is the main reason for this?
B. The fuse will be damaged. (SPE/2010/Q33)
C. The kettle will boil water faster.
D. The kettle will not boil. A. To avoid damaging the appliances, plugs and switches.
B. To make sure the appliances, plug and switches remain dry.
12. Look at figure below carefully. It shows a three-pin plug. What is the main purpose of C. To prevent the fuse from melting.
having an earth wire? D. To protect us from getting electric shock.
(SPE/2009/Q32)
15. Study figure below carefully. What is the main danger shown in the figure?
A. To prevent the wire from overheating. (SPE/2011/Q37)
B. To protect the electrical appliance from short-circuiting.
C. To prevent a person from getting an electric shock. A. Damage electrical appliances.
D. To protect the three-pin plug from melting. B. Electric shock.
C. Electric fire.
13. A loose bare wire from the live wire touches the metal electric toaster while it is switched D. Explosion.
on.

192 193

16. Table below shows a list of components of an electric circuit. Draw in the space provided 17. An electric hairdryer has a power of 1000 W and is connected to the 250 V mains power
the circuit symbol for each component. The first one has been done for you. [4] supply. The current in the hairdryer is 4 A. If fuses of 1 A, 3 A, 5 A, 13 A and 30 A are
(SPE/2018/Q43) available, which fuse is the best choice for use in the hairdryer? [1]
(SPE/2012/Q47c)

______________________________________________________________________________________

18. Study figure below carefully.
(SPE/2013/Q47)

a) Draw in the circuit diagram: [2]
i) a fuse,
ii) a voltmeter across bulb Y.

b) State one important electrical component that is missing from the circuit. [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c) The three bulbs are now connected in parallel. Draw a new circuit diagram for this
arrangement. Include a battery, a switch and an ammeter in the main branch. [4]

d) Study the figure below carefully and answer the following questions.

Bulb Voltage (V) Power (W)
A 12 24
B 12 36
C 12 48

194 195
i) Which bulb is the brightest? [1] _____________________________________________________
ii) Which bulb is the dimmest? [1] _____________________________________________________ CHAPTER 14: ACIDS AND ALKALIS
iii) Explain the difference in your observation for (d), (i) and (ii). [1]
TOPIC 14.1: PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND ALKALIS
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________ 1. A Science teacher told Aishah that orange juice is acidic. She extracted some orange
juice and carried out some tests. Which of the following tests confirms her teacher‟s
19. Study the electric circuit in figure carefully. statements?
(SPE/2014/Q46) (SPE/2009/Q33)

A. The orange juice turns blue litmus paper red.
B. The orange juice has no effect on red litmus paper.
C. The orange juice has no effect on blue litmus paper.
D. The orange juice turns red litmus paper blue.

2. Figure below shows a description of a mysterious substance found in the science
laboratory. Which of the following matches the description?
(SPE/2010/Q35)

a) Which switch(es) should be closed if: [2] A. Common salt.  It has a bitter taste.
B. Lemon juice.  It turns red litmus paper blue.
i) only one lamp lights up ____________________________________________________________ C. Soap.  It feels slippery when touched
D. Vinegar.

ii) two lamps light up _________________________________________________________________

b) On figure above, add the circuit symbols; [2] and 3. A science teacher told Kassim that hand washing liquid is alkaline. Kassim poured the
that measures the following: hand washing liquid in a beaker and carried out tests on it. Which of the following tests
i) the total current flowing in the circuit. confirms his teacher‟s statement?
(SPE/2013/Q30)
ii) the total voltage across the circuit.
A. The soap has no effect on wet blue litmus paper.
c) When switches X, Y and Z are all closed, Lamp 3 „blows‟. The bulb filament in Lamp 3 B. The soap has not effect on wet red litmus paper.
melts and breaks. C. The soap turns wet blue litmus paper red.
i) State what would be observed in the circuit. [1] D. The soap turns red litmus paper blue.

___________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Give a reason for the observation given in (c) (i). [1]

___________________________________________________________________________________

196 197

4. The best condition for fish to live is when the pH of water in the lake is neutral. A group of 6. Study the experimental results in figure below. Figure above shows the colour of Universal
students tested a sample of water from a lake using three indicators. The three indicators indicators in solutions of the five different pH. Using the above information, predict what
used are shown in Table below. would be observed if orange juice and soap solution is tested with Universal Indicator?
(SPE/2013/Q32)

Indicator Colour in Acidic Colour in Neutral Colour in Alkali
Solution Solution Solution
Bromothymol blue Yellow Green Blue
Litmus Red Purple Blue
Pink
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless

The results of their tests were as shown:

Bromothymol blue  Yellow Orange juices Soap solution
A. Blue Green
Litmus  Red B. Red Purple
C. Yellow Blue
Phenolphthalein  Colourless D. Yellow Purple

What can be concluded from the above results?
(SPE/2013/Q31)

Suitability of the Reason 7. Table below shows the results when saliva and gastric juice were tested with red litmus
lake for the fish paper, blue litmus paper and pH paper.
to live (yes/no)
Results
A. No The indicator tests showed the water in the lake is acidic. Fluid Test with red litmus Test with blue litmus Test with pH paper
Gastric juice The colour stayed The colour turns from The colour turns from
B. No The indicator tests showed the water in the lake is alkaline
Saliva red blue to red yellow to red
C. Yes The indicator tests showed the water in the lake is acidic. The colour stayed The colour turns from The colour turns from

D. Yes The indicator tests showed the water in the lake is neutral. red blue to red yellow to orange

5. Which of the statements about pH is true? Which of the following conclusions are correct?
(SPE/2012/Q35) (SPE/2014/Q34)

A. At pH 1, the solution is a strong alkali. Gastric juice Saliva
B. At pH 6, the solution is a strong acid. A. Strong acid Weak acid
C. At pH 7, the solution is neutral. B. Strong alkali Weak alkali
D. At pH 14, the solution is a weak acid. C. Weak acid Strong acid
D. Weak alkali Strong alkali

198 199

8. A group of student is carrying out an investigation on three test tubes containing different 9. The chart in figure below shows the colour of Indicator P at different pH values. A solution
liquids labeled X, Y and Z. of pH 5 is tested with Indicator P. What will be the colour of Indicator P in this solution?
(SPE/2014/Q35)

A. Colourless.
B. Purple.
C. Red.
D. Yellow.

10. The chart in figure below shows the colour of some indicators at different pH values.

The students perform Test 1, 2 and 3. They write down the observations in Table below.

Test 1 Place a drop of each Test tube X Test tube Y Test tube Z
liquid on red litmus paper Turns blue No colour No colour
change change
Test 2 Place a drop of each No colour
Test 3 liquid on blue litmus change Turns red No colour
paper No reaction change
Add a piece of zinc Bubbles of gas
metal to each test tube appeared No reaction

The liquids in bottle X, Y and Z are ……
(SPE/2016/Q33)

Table below shows the colour of the three indicators after they were added to solution of

X Y Z substance X.
A. Acid Alkali Neutral
B. Acid Neutral Alkali Indicator Colour
C Alkali Acid Neutral
D. Alkali Neutral P Purple
Acid Q Colourless
R Blue

Which of the following values is most likely to be the pH of substance X?
(SPE/2016/Q32)

A. 3
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11

200 201

11. Figure below shows the pH of some common household items. Which of the household 13. Acids and alkalis are commonly used in our daily lives. Complete the table below on
items belongs to soap? properties of a solution of sodium hydroxide. [4]
(SPE/2017/Q30) (SPE/2009/Section B Q7a)

Properties of Sodium Hydroxide

Taste
Feel when touched
pH value
One common use

TOPIC 14.2: NEUTRALISATION

1. When sulfuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide, hydrogen is produced. TRUE/FALSE
(SPE/2012/ Q42d)

2. Neutralisation reaction always produce salt and water. TRUE / FALSE
(SPE/2017/Q42b)

3. Figure below shows the steps Nurulhuda needs to take to investigate the changes in pH
during neutralization. The steps shown below are not in order.

12. A student tested the pH of three different solutions P, Q and R respectively. He added a

few drops of universal indicator into each solution. The results were recorded in table

below.

Solution Colour
P Green
Q Purple
R Yellow

Based on the following results, what can be concluded about the solutions P, Q and R?
(SPE/2018/Q35)

Solution P Solution Q Solution R
A. Acidic Alkaline Neutral
B. Alkaline Neutral Acidic
C. Neutral Acidic Alkaline
D. Neutral Alkaline Acidic

202 203

The correct steps should be….. 6. Fathinadis added some hydrochloric acid to sodium hydroxide solution until it became
(SPE/2016/Q34) neutral. Then she added some more acid. What would be the final pH of the solution?
(SPE/2011/Q22)
A. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
B. (ii), (iii), (iv), (i) A. 5
C. (ii), (iii), (i), (iv) B. 7
D. (iii), (i), (ii), (iv) C. 8
D. 14
4. When two unknown solutions X and Y are mixed, a solution with a pH value of 7 is formed.
Which of the following are the pH values of the two liquids? 7. Figure below shows a series of experiments on a solution of vinegar using a piece of blue
(SPE/2016/Q37) litmus paper. What are the colours of the litmus paper at points K and M?
(SPE/2012/Q36)

pH of X pH of Y K M
2 A. Blue Red
A. 5 1 B. Blue Blue
B. 6 12 C. Red Blue
C. 11 13 D. Red Red
D. 2

5. The chart in figure below shows the colour of some indicators at different pH values.
Which of the indicators above are suitable for the reaction of acid and alkali to form salt
and water?
(SPE/2017/Q31)

A. Indicators U and V.
B. Indicators V and W.
C. Indicators V and X.
D. Indicators W and Y.

8. Figure below shows reaction of sodium hydroxide (alkali) with dilute hydrochloric acid
(acid). What is the name of the salt formed?
(SPE/2013/Q33)

A. Sodium chlorate.
B. Sodium chloride.
C. Sodium chlorine.
D. Sodium hydrochloric.