SPE SCIENCE TOPICAL COMPILATION

204 205

9. Which one of the following shown in the table correctly explains what causes indigestion 12. Figure below shows a simple model of a human‟s stomach containing hydrochloric acid.
and how antacid reduces or stops the indigestion pain? Too much acid in the stomach can cause stomach ache. Indigestion tablets are alkali
(SPE/2011/Q26) which is used to neutralize too much acid in the stomach.

What causes indigestion? How antacid reduces indigestion
pain?
A. Too much acid in the stomach
B. Too much alkali in the stomach Neutralises the acid in the stomach
C. Too much food in the stomach Neutralises the alkali in the stomach
D. Too much water in the stomach Digests the food in the stomach
Absorbs the water in the stomach

10. Figure below shows a boy stung by a wasp. A weak acid is used to treat the affected Figure below shows an experiment that involves three beakers containing the same
area of his skin. What can you conclude about the wasp sting? amount of hydrochloric acid. Three different types of indigestion tablets X, Y and Z, each
(SPE/2012/Q37) of the same mass are added to the hydrochloric acid in each beaker until the acid is
neutralized.
A. It is an acid.
B. It is an alkali.
C. It is a salt.
D. It is water.

11. Wasp sting has a pH value of 10. Which of the following is suitable for neutralizing the
wasp sting?
(SPE/2014/Q36)

The number of tablets used to neutralized acid in each beaker are counted and
recorded in Table below.

Powder X Y Z
No. of indigestion tablets used 11 5 20

Which of the following best describes the aim of the experiment?
(SPE/2017/Q32)

A. To find the amount of indigestion tablet needed for relieving stomach ache.
B. To find out which indigestion tablet is most effective for relieving stomach ache.
C. To find out which hydrochloric acid is most effective for relieving stomach ache.
D. To find the volume of hydrochloric acid needed for relieving stomach ache.

206 207
13. Acids and alkalis are commonly used in our daily lives. Acids react with alkalis. c) Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with the dilute sulfuric acid in the conical flask to

(SPE/2009/Section B Q7b) form solution X.
a) Name the process when an acid reacts with an alkali. [1] i. Solution X is a salt obtained after the reaction has been completed. Name the
salt present in solution X. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) Explain why a bee sting will get more painful if you apply vinegar on it? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________ ii. Name this type of reaction. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c) Farmers add lime (calcium oxide) to soil. Explain why. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________ iii. Write a word equation for this reaction. [1]

14. Figure below shows sodium hydroxide solution being added to dilute sulfuric acid in the ______________________________________________________________________________
conical flask. d) Briefly explain how you would be able to get a pure solid sample of the product in this
(SPE/2010/Q46)
reaction. [3]
a) What is the colour of dilute sulfuric acid? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

b) If a few drops of Universal Indicator solution was added to the dilute sulfuric acid in the ____________________________________________________________________________________
conical flask, what should the colour of the mixture be? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Amir wants to make his own indicator solution. He extracted three juices from three
different plants A, B and C. The colour of each extract or juice and their reaction with
acids or alkalis are shown in the table below.
(SPE/2011/Q43b)

Plant Colour of extract Colour in acid Colour in alkali
A Yellow Yellow Yellow
B Purple Pink Green
C Green
Yellow-green Yellow-green

a) What is the function of an indicator? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________

b) Which plant extract or juice can Amir use as an indicator? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________

208 209
c) Describe a test to identify the product formed in: [4]
c) Explain your answer in part b). [1]
Reaction P,
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
d) If a few drops of lemon juice were added to the indicator solution chosen by Amir in
part b), what colour change would be observed? Explain your answer. [2] Reaction Q,

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Figure below shows the experimental processes involved in reaction P.
e) If excess dilute sodium hydroxide solution were added to the mixture in part d), what (SPE/2015/Q46b)

colour change would be observed? Explain your answer. [2]

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

16. The word equation P and Q shows two reactions:
(SPE/2015/Q46a)

Reaction Word equation

P Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride + ______________ Volume of acid 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

added (cm3)

Q Sulfuric acid + Magnesium  Magnesium sulfate + _______________________ pH value of 14 13 12 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 5 4

mixture

a) Suggest why the pH value of the mixture decreases during the experiment. [1]

a) Complete the word equation by writing the name of product formed in reaction P ___________________________________________________________________________________
and Q. [2]
___________________________________________________________________________________
P : ____________________________________________________________________________
b) If dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts together completely, state the
Q : ____________________________________________________________________________ [2]

b) Few drops of Universal Indicator solution are added to the alkali in Reaction P. State i. pH value of the final solution? ________________________________________________
the colour change when reaction P is complete. [1]
ii. the volume of acid needed to neutralize the alkali? ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

210 TRUE/FALSE 211

CHAPTER 15: REPRODUCTION IN PLANT 2. What is the name of the process when pollen grains are transferred from anthers to
stigmas of flowers of the same species?
TOPIC 15.1: PARTS OF A FLOWER (SPE/2011/Q28)

1. The male part of the flower is called the carpel. A. Photosynthesis.
(SPE/2013/Q42c) B. Transpiration.
C. Pollination.
2. What is the main function of sepals in a flower? D. Germination.
(SPE/2011/Q24)
3. What is meant by pollination?
A. To protect the flower during bud stage. (SPE/2013/Q34)
B. To prevent insects from entering the flower.
C. To make the flower more colourful and attractive. A. The transfer of ovule from the anther to the stigma.
D. To produce scents for attracting insects. B. The transfer of ovule from the stigma to the anther.
C. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma.
3. Figure below shows a cross-section of a flower. Which parts contain the male and female D. The transfer of pollen grains from the ovary to the stigma.
sex cells?
(SPE/2012/Q21) 4. Figure below shows a bee moving from one flower to another flower. This helps to aid
reproduction process in these plants. Name the process shown in figure below.
Male sex cells Female sex cells (SPE/2015/Q36)
A. W X
B. X W A. Fertilization.
C. X Z B. Germination.
D. Y Z C. Ovulation.
D. Pollination.
4. State the function of petals in the reproduction of plants.
(SPE/2013/Q43bi) 5. Which of the following diagrams is showing the process of pollination?
(SPE/2017/Q33)
_______________________________________________________________________________________

TPOIC 15.2: POLLINATION TRUE / FALSE

1. Bees are the only way to transfer pollens to flowers.
(SPE/2017/Q42a)

212 213
6. Why do most flowers have scented petals and produce nectar? b) State a visible feature in Figure A which indicates that this flower is pollinated by insects.

(SPE/2009/Q22) [1]
A. To make them more attractive. ____________________________________________________________________________________
B. To attract insects for pollination. c) Figure B is a wind pollinated flower.
C. To produce better smell for the perfume industry.
D. To avoid being eaten by insects and other animals. Figure B
Suggest one difference between the flower in Figure A and the wind pollinated flower
7. Amirah was asked by her teacher to observe the flower as shown in figure below. From in Figure B. [1]
her observation, Amirah concluded that the flower is pollinated by wind. Why did Amirah ___________________________________________________________________________________
conclude that the flower is wind pollinated?
(SPE/2012/Q22) TOPIC 15.3: FRUIT AND SEED DISPERSAL
A. The flower has feathery stigma. 1. Figure below shows a flower. Which numbered parts of the flower continue to develop
B. The flower has scented petals.
C. The flower has sticky pollen grains. after fertilisation?
D. The flower has nectars. (SPE/2017/Q35)
A. 1 and 2
8. Figure A shows parts of the flower with some of the petals, filaments and anthers removed. B. 1 and 4
(SPE/2014/Q57) C. 2 and 3
D. 3 and 4
Figure A
a) Make a large drawing of the flower in Figure A above in the space provided below. [4] 2. Which of the following seeds is self-dispersed?
(SPE/2009/Q36)

214 215

3. What is the method of seed dispersal for Seed A and Seed B shown in figure below? 7. Figure shows the distribution of plants J, K and L. Based on the figure, what conclusions
(SPE/2010/Q29) can be made about how the seeds of the plants were dispersed?
(SPE/2018/Q36)
A. Animal dispersal.
B. Self-dispersal.
C. Water dispersal.
D. Wind dispersal.

4. What is the method of dispersal of seeds for each of the fruits shown in figure below?
(SPE/2012/Q23)

P Q R Plant J Plant K Plant L
A. Animal dispersal Self dispersal Wind dispersal Water Wind
B. Water dispersal Animal dispersal Wind dispersal A. Self-dispersal Wind Self-dispersal
C. Water dispersal Animal dispersal Self dispersal B. Water Self-dispersal Water
D. Wind dispersal Water dispersal Animal dispersal C. Wind Water Self-dispersal
D. Wind

5. Figure below shows a description of a type of seed. Which of the following dispersal 8. Figure below shows two types of fruits X and Y.
methods matches the description given? (SPE/2015/Q47a, b and c)
(SPE/2013/Q35)

A. Animals.
B. Explosive.
C. Water.
D. Wind.

6. The fruit in figure below can be classified based on their method of dispersal. Which of the a) State the method of seed dispersal by fruits X and Y. [2]
following fruits are grouped correctly? Fruit X _____________________________________________________________________________
(SPE/2017/Q34) Fruit Y _____________________________________________________________________________

A. Tomato and angsana.
B. Snow peas and balsam.
C. Angsana and papaya.
D. Snow peas and angsana.

216 217
b) From your observation, state the features, visible in the photograph to support your 3. In which of the following test tubes in figure below will the seeds germinate first?

answer in (a). [2] (SPE/2011/Q32)
Fruit X _____________________________________________________________________________
Fruit Y _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The experiments below are used to investigate the conditions needed for germination. In
c) Give a reason why seed dispersal is important. [1] which test tube will germination take place?
____________________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2013/Q36)

TOPIC 15.4: GERMINATION
1. Figure below shows a maize seed growing into a seedling. What are the necessary

conditions for the seed to grow?
(SPE/2009/Q24)

A. Water, sunlight and oxygen.
B. Water, soil and sunlight.
C. Water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D. Water, oxygen and suitable temperature.

2. Figure below shows the early development of a mung bean seed.

Which of the following are conditions needed for the seed to develop well? 5. Figure below shows the different set ups prepared by year 8 students to investigate the
(SPE/2015/Q37) effect of water on germination of seeds. Which set ups should they compare so that the
experiment carried out is fair?
(SPE/2017/Q36)

A. M and Q.
B. M and P.
C. N and Q.
D. P and Q.

Water Oxygen Temperature
A. X X Cold
B. X X Warm
C. / / Warm
D. / / Cold

Key: / = yes X = no

218 219

6. A student carried out an experiment to investigate if light is required for germination of 7. Adam and Hafizah set up experiments A, B, C and D in figure below. They want to find
seeds as shown in figure below. out the conditions needed for the seeds to germinate.
(SPE/2016/Q47)

The same type of seeds were put in another set up. The seeds were watered daily using
the same volume of water.

Which of the following set up ensures that the experiment carried out was a fair test?
(SPE/2018/Q37)

a) In which of the set up would the seeds most likely to germinate? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________

b) Explain your answer in (a). [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________

c) The experiment carried out by Adib and Hafizah is not a fair test. Why is the experiment
not a fair test? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

220 221
d) The picture in figure below shows different stages of seed germination.
i. Make a large labeled scientific drawing of stage D of seed germination and
label any two parts of the seed. [4]

ii. During germination, where does the young plant at the following stage gets its
food? [2]

Stage B: _____________________________________________________________________

Stage E: _____________________________________________________________________

222 223
4. Figure below shows the male reproductive organs. Which structure A, B, C or D allows
CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
both urine and sperm to pass through?
TOPIC 16.1: MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS (SPE/2014/Q37)

1. Which of the following makes up the male reproductive system? 5. Figure below shows the side view of the male reproductive organs. The sperm duct was
(SPE/2016/Q36) cut and tied. What is the result of this process?
(SPE/2009/Q39)
A. Oviduct, ovary, uterus, urethra. A. The man cannot urinate.
B. Ovary, penis, sperm duct, urethra. B. The sperms cannot travel from the testes to the penis.
C. Penis, sperm duct, testis, urethra. C. The sperms are killed.
D. Penis, sperm duct, testis, uterus. D. The man cannot produce any more sperms.

2. Figure below shows parts of the male sexual organ labeled P, Q, R and S. Which structures 6. Figure below shows a type of cell made by the male reproductive organ. What organ
are the testis, sperm duct and penis? produces the cell shown below?
(SPE/2012/Q39) (SPE/2010/Q36)
A. Penis.
Sperm duct Penis Testis B. Sperm duct.
A. P Q R C. Testes.
B. P Q S D. Urethra.
C. S P R
D. S P Q 7. Figure below shows a sex cell. Where is this cell produced?
(SPE/2013/Q38)
3. Figure below shows the male reproductive organs. Which structure A, B, C or D allows A. Penis.
both urine and sperm to pass through? B. Scrotum.
(SPE/2010/Q39) C. Testis.
D. Urethra.

224 225

8. Figure below shows the reproductive system of a human and a plant. Which of the TOPIC 16.2: SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
following parts of plant and human reproductive system stores the female sex cells?
(SPE/2016/Q38) 1. When fertilization is successful, the embryo implants itself in the uterus lining. TRUE/FALSE
(SPE/2015/Q42e)

2. Figure below shows a conversation between Adam and Karen. What can you deduce
from their conversation?
(SPE/2009/Q35)

A. A and Y. A. They are discussing secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
B. A and Z. B. They do not like hairs growing on their bodies.
C. C and Y. C. Adam does not like his voice change.
D. B and Y. D. Karen is having problems with her menstrual cycle.

9. Figure below shows the reproductive system of a human and a plant. Which of the 3. Boys and girls experience physical changes during puberty. Which of the following
following parts of plant and human reproductive system stores the male sex cell? statements are correct physical changes during their puberty?
(SPE/2017/Q38) (SPE/2014/Q38)

A. F and Y.
B. F and Z.
C. G and Y.
D. H and Y.

10. Figure below shows a human egg cell and sperm cell.

Boys Girls

A. Breast grow bigger Voice breaks and becomes deeper

B. Breast grow bigger Menstruation starts which comes
with painful cramp
What are the features of a human egg cell, when compared to the sperm cell?
(SPE/2016/Q35) C. Shoulders widen and height Body becomes more muscular
increases

Size of egg cell Number of egg cell produced D. Voice breaks and becomes deeper Menstruation starts which comes
More than that of sperm cell with painful cramp
A. Larger than sperm cell Less than that of sperm cell
B. Larger than sperm cell More than that of sperm cell
C. Smaller than sperm cell Less than that of sperm cell
D. Smaller than sperm cell

226 227

4. What physical change usually takes place in boys when they go through puberty? 8. The menstrual cycle lasts for about 28 days. Figure below is a diagram representing the
(SPE/2017/Q37) menstrual cycle.

A. Hips widen and becomes rounder.
B. Voice „breaks‟ and deepens.
C. Menstruation starts.
D. Breast grow bigger.

5. Which one of the following occurs in both males and females during puberty? Which of the following correctly identifies what happens to the uterine lining at P, Q and S
(SPE/2018/Q39) during the menstrual cycle?
(SPE/2018/Q38)
A. Growth of facial hair.
B. Growth of pubic hair.
C. Widening of hips.
D. Widening of shoulders.

6. The menstrual cycle is shown in figure below. Name process X and process Y. P Q S
(SPE/2010/Q38) Repair Shedding
A. Repair Thickening Shedding
Process X Process Y B. Repair Repair Thickening
Ovulation C. Shedding Thickening
A. Menstruation Menstruation D. Shedding Repair
B. Ovulation
C. Fertilisation Period 9. A woman ovulates on the 2nd of October. In which week will her next menstrual period
D. Puberty Menstruation begin?
(SPE/2016/Q39)

7. In each month, a woman will experienced her menstrual cycle. On the 14th day of a Day Monday Tuesday October Friday Saturday Sunday
woman‟s menstrual cycle, an egg is released from the oviduct. What is the name given to Week Wednesday Thursday 2 3 4
this process? A. 5 6 9 10 11
(SPE/2013/Q39) B. 12 13 1 16 17 18
C. 19 20 78 23 24 25
A. Fertilisation. D. 26 27 14 15 30 31
B. Implantation. 21 22
C. Menstruation. 28 29
D. Ovulation.

228 229
10. What would happen to the thickness of the lining of the uterus after 28 days if an ovum is
14. Figure below shows the first stages of sexual reproduction in a human. Name the
not fertilized? processes X and Y and the product formed, W.
(SPE/2017/Q39) (SPE/2011/Q40)
A. The uterus lining breaks down and ovulation occurs.
B. The uterus lining continues to thicken for another ovum. Process X Process Y Product formed, W
C. The uterus lining breaks down and menstruation occurs. A. Ovulation Fertilisation Zygote
D. The thickness of the uterus lining remains the same. B. Fertilisation Menstruation Ovum
C. Menstruation Ovulation Zygote
11. In the process of human reproduction, the male sex cell fuses with the female sex cell to D. Ovulation Menstruation Foetus
form a fertilized egg. What is the term used to describe this process?
(SPE/2014/Q39) 15. In the female reproductive system, the (1) _______________________ breaks down and the
A. Fertilisation. (2) _______________________ discharges the blood and dead tissues when an egg is not
B. Menstruation. fertilized.
C. Ovulation. (SPE/2009/Q38)
D. Pollination.
(1) (2)
12. Figure below shows the female reproductive system. Where does fertilization occur? A. uterus lining uterus
(SPE/2013/Q37) B. oviduct lining uterus
C. uterus lining ovary
13. At which point will the sperm fuses with the egg to form a fertilized cell? D. uterus ovary
(SPE/2015/Q38)

230 231

16. Figure below shows the growth curve for a male human. 17. Study the diagram of the menstrual cycle of a woman in figure below.
(SPE/2011/Q48) (SPE/2012/Q46)

a) Name the process that takes place at C between the ages of 13 and 18. [1] Answer the following questions.
____________________________________________________________________________________ a) i) Which day in the menstrual cycle does the uterus lining begin to break down? [1]

b) State THREE physical changes to this person‟s body at C. [3] _________________________________________________________________________________
1. _________________________________________________________________________________ i) When does ovulation take place during the menstrual cycle? [1]
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
b) X is released during the process of ovulation. What is X? [1]
c) On the graph in figure above, draw a line to extend the growth curve from ages 13 to
18. [1] _________________________________________________________________________________
c) Figure below shows a simple flowchart on the process of human reproduction.
d) What are the three main dietary requirements of this person during stage A and C? [3]
1. _________________________________________________________________________________ i) The first stage of the flowchart shows the male sex cell fusing with the female sex cell
2. _________________________________________________________________________________ to form Y. What is the term used to describe this process? [1]
3. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

232 233

ii) What is Y? [1] 5. Which of the following Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) cannot be cured by using
antibiotics?
________________________________________________________________________________ (SPE/2010/Q40)

iii) Y then develops to form Z. What is Z? [1] A. AIDS and syphilis.
________________________________________________________________________________ B. Gonorrhoea.
C. AIDS.
iv) How long does the process shown below take place? [1] D. Syphilis.

________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Which one of the following infections is indicated by sores around the reproductive
organs?
TOPIC 16.3: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) TRUE/FALSE (SPE/2011/Q36)
TRUE/FALSE
1. Syphilis is a disease caused by a virus. A. AIDS.
(SPE/2014/Q42a) B. Gonorrhoea.
C. Hepatitis.
2. Mosquito bites can spread AIDS. D. Syphilis.
(SPE/2010/Q42e)
(SPE/2017/Q42d) 7. Why does a person infected with HIV catch other diseases easily?
(SPE/2013/Q40)
3. What are the causes of the following diseases?
(SPE/2012/Q40) A. The circulatory system is damaged.
B. The immune system is damaged.
AIDS Syphilis Gonorrhea C. The nervous system is damaged.
A. Bacterium Virus Virus D. The reproductive system is damaged.
B. Bacterium Virus
C. Virus Bacterium 8. Which of the following shows the symptoms of a man infected with HIV?
D. Virus Bacterium Bacterium (SPE/2016/Q40)
Bacterium
Virus A. Abdominal pain and pain in the testes.
B. Abdominal pain and cancer of the blood vessels.
4. Which of the following Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are spread by bacteria? C. Brain infection and cancer of the blood vessels.
(SPE/2015/Q39) D. Brain infection and pain in the testes.

A. AIDS, Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea.
B. AIDS, Chlamydia and Syphilis.
C. AIDS, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.
D. Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.

234 235

9. A doctor has diagnosed three persons with the following symptoms as having sexually 12. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs) like AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea can be prevented
transmitted infections. by:
(SPE/2009/Q37)
Person Symptoms
A. Sharing injection needles and ear-piercing equipment.
I Have painless sore, ulcer on the mouth and external genitals B. Reusing shaving blades at the barbers.
C. Not having any sexual relationships outside marriage.
II Experience burning sensation when urinating, yellow pus discharge from D. Getting involved in drug addiction.
urethra
13. Which of the following will help prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)?
III Have cancer of blood cells (SPE/2014/Q40)

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections do Person I, II and III suffer from? A. Having sexual relationship other than with own spouse.
(SPE/2017/Q40) B. Using disposable needles for injections at hospitals.
C. Receiving infected blood through blood transfusion.
I Person III D. Sharing instrument for ear piercing and acupuncture.
II Syphilis
A. AIDS Gonorrhoea
B. AIDS Gonorrhoea
C. Syphilis Syphilis AIDS
D. Syphilis Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea
AIDS

10. Patients X, Y and Z are suspected to have different sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
with the following signs and symptoms.

Patient X - Painful when urinating with yellow pus discharged.
Patient Y - Painful when urinating with cloudy discharged and pain in the testes.
Patient Z - Lesions on the skin and ulcers on the mouth and vagina.

Based on the signs and symptoms above, which of the following correctly identifies the
infection that patients X, Y and Z are suffering from?
(SPE/2018/Q40)

Patient X Patient Y Patient Z
Gonorrhoea Syphilis
A. Chlamydia Gonorrhoea
B. Chlamydia Syphilis Syphilis
C. Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Chlamydia
D. Gonorrhoea
Syphilis

11. Which of the following behaviour will transmit gonorrhea and syphilis?
(SPE/2015/Q40)

A. Sexual intercourse with an infected person.
B. Sharing a bathroom with an infected person.
C. Sharing injection needles with infected person.
D. Sneezing and running nose from an infected person.