Applied Grammar 2

Bo2ok

Author
Narayan Karki

Editor
Sedunath Dhakal

Tel : +977-1-4313205
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 1

Bo2ok

Publisher:

Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Anamnagar, Kathmandu

Copyright : Publisher

First Edition : 2066
Second Edition : 2067
Third Edition : 2073
Re-print : 2075, 2076
Fourth Edition : 2078 (Thoroughly revised)

Layout:

Oasis Desktop Group

Printed in Nepal

2 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Foreword

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition is a series of Graded
English Grammar Books (I-X) for school students. Although
some people think that grammar teaching and learning is rigid
as well as tasteless, I hope this newly written grammar series will
really quench the deep thirst of learners. During the course of 20
years of my experience in the field of English language teaching,
I have faced practical and actual difficulties because of the lack
of availability of proper teaching learning materials for school
children. This updated series has been designed to inculcate
the real and practicable skills for the young users of English.
‘Learning by doing’ is very effective to get the knowledge
and skill in English. All lessons included in each book of the
series have varieties of interesting, enjoyable, stimulating and
useful illustrations. Selected and situational pictures have been
included for balancing conceptual base. This series is useful to
both students as well as teachers. Inductive method is applied
to prepare each unit which makes the learning easier for not
only the fast tyros but also for slow learners.

I thank Mrs. Laxmi Karki who encouraged me to address the
real demand of the students throughout Nepal. I would like
to thank Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd. for publishing this series.
I cannot stay without thanking Oasis Desktop Group and Mr.
Ramesh Bhattrai for the computer typing and setting.

Finally, I am grateful to all the personalities who helped to
prepare and publish this new series.

Constructive comments, suggestions and feedback are always
welcome for further development of the series in its upcoming
edition.

Author

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 3

Contents 5
11
1. Words and Sentences 14
2. Subject and Predicate 20
3. Sentence: Positive and Negative 28
4. Articles (A, An, The) 31
5. Parts of Speech 34
42
TEST PAPER – I 46
6. Naming Words (Nouns) 54
7. Nouns: Countable and Uncountable 61
8. Nouns: Singular and Plural 68
9. Replacing Words (Pronouns) 82
10. Gender and Its Types 88
11. Describing Words (Adjectives) 95
12. Action Words (Verbs) 98
13. Tense 103
108
TEST PAPER – II 116
14. Adverb and Its Types 119
15. Joining Words (Conjunctions) 123
16. Location Words (Prepositions) 147
17. Interjections 162
18. Punctuation
19. Composition Writing
20. Reading Comprehension

TEST PAPER – III

4 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

1Lesson
Words and Sentences

Before you begin Ram eating a banana is.

Look and read.

"Is this sentence correct?"

“No, the words are not
in order.”

The correct word order Ram is eating a banana.
should be: ‘Ram is eating

a banana.’

Look, read and learn.

Ram is eating a banana.

* ‘A banana, Ram and eating’ are groups of
letters. These are words.

* ‘Ram is eating a banana’ is a meaningful
group of words. It makes a complete sense.

* Asentence is a meaningful group of words.
Therefore ‘Ram is eating a banana’ is a

sentence.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 5

Read the dialogue.

What is a sentence, ma'am?

Sentence is a group of words that makes a
complete sense.
Example:
• I am a doctor. • Riya cooks food.
• Priya loves me. • Supriya watches T.V.

For your memory

* Sentence always begins with a capital letter and ends either
with a full stop (.), a question mark (?) or a sign of exclamation
(!).

* Example:
You are good.  Statement
Are you good?  Question
Go out.  Command
Hurray!  Exclamation
* Sentence is a group of words which gives a complete sense.
* Words are grouped in proper order in a sentence.
* Sentence must have a verb.
Example: I go.

6 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Read this card.

Identity Card

Name : Sugam K.C.
Class : 2
Roll No. : 3
Date of birth : 2071/2/5
Address : Simara 5, Bara
School : Peace Land English School, Simara, Bara

Now, fill in the card about yourself.

Identity Card

Name : ...................................................

Class : ...................................................

Roll No. : ...................................................

Date of birth : ...................................................

Address : ..............................................................................

School : .................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 7

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Tick (√) the sentences. Put a cross (×) if it is not a sentence.
1. I home going. ( )
2. Birds are flying in the sky. ( )
3. Nepal beautiful is. ( )
4. He is my friend. ( )
5. You rice eat. ( )
6. Meghnath is driving a blue van. ( )
7. I good boy. ( )
8. I am a student. ( )
9. I English learn. ( )
10. The horse runs fast. ( )

B. Use the words and make sentences.
1. tall, is, woman the = .............T...h..e..w...o..m...a.n...i..s..t.a..l.l...............
2. Sugar, sweet, is = ......................................................
3. red, the, is, rose = ......................................................
4. round, earth, the, is = ......................................................
5. is, name, Salina, my = .......................................................
6. dog, a, four, has, legs = .......................................................
7. at, the, sun, daytime, shines = ................................................
8. seven, in, a, days, week, are, there = .....................................

8 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-2 Homework

I. Read the text and do the activities given below:
Anmol is a shoemaker. He lives next door. He has a small shop

in a nearby market. He works there whole day. He returns
every evening with some food grains, green vegetables and
fruits. He has a son and a daughter. He also helps them do
their homework in the evening.

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Anmol is a .............................. .

2. He lives next ............................ .

3. He works there ............................. day.

4. He has a son and ............................. .

B. Read the above text and copy eight words and four
sentences.

Words Sentences

.................... ..................... ............................................
.................... ..................... ............................................
.................... ..................... ............................................
.................... ..................... ............................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 9

II. Choose and put appropriate phrases to complete the
sentences.
a tin of butter / up and down / because of / in the future /
a useful thing / singing songs / an interesting story / was paid
1. Why don’t you tell ............................... now?
2. ............................... is my hobby.
3. A broom is ...............................
4. You passed the exam ............................... your hard work.
5. My due bill ............................... yesterday.
6. Bring ............................... from the dairy.
7. Why are you doing ............................... ?
8. Nobody knows what will happen ...............................

10 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

2Lesson
Subject and Predicate
Before you begin

Combine the words and write in the blanks.
Subject Predicate
A hen lays eggs. =
The sky is blue. =
School is for knowledge. =
Mango is the king of fruits. =

Look, read and learn.

A boy is eating bread. Deepika reads a Jeevan and Rohan
book. play football.

The teacher is teaching in class. I sleep on the bed.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 11

The a bove sentences have two parts: the subject and the predicate.

Subject Predicate Sentence
A boy
Deepika is eating bread. A boy is eating bread.
Jeevan and Rohan
reads a book. Deepika reads a book.
The teacher
play football. Jeevan and Rohan play
I football.

is teaching in class. The teacher is teaching
in class.

sleep on the bed. I sleep on the bed.

For your memory

* A complete sentence must contain a subject and a predicate.
* The word or words referring to the person or thing about

which something is said are called the subject. Example: He
comes here.
* The word or words that state something about the subject or
the object of the sentence are called the predicate.
Example: He comes here.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Underline the subject and circle the predicate.
1. Dimple Thapa lives near Bagbazar.
2. The Prime Minister distributed the prizes.
3. The principal rewarded the best students.
4. The doctor gave the patient some medicines.
5. The car in the garage is very new.
6. Students are reading in class.

12 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

B. Match the subjects in column ‘A’ with the right predicates
in column ‘B’.
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. The rose • is on the table.
2. The sky • is a beautiful flower.
3. He • fought bravely.
4. Nepalese soldiers • were playing.
5. The book • is blue.
6. They • kills a rat.
7. The sun • is here.
8. The cat • rises in the east.

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Supply the subject to the following predicates.
1. ............ travel by bus. 2. ............ is a useful animal.
3. ............. is my friend. 4. ............. broke the glass.
5. ............. has a red rose. 6. ............. takes tea.
7. ............. catches a thief. 8. ............. carried a load.

B. Supply the predicate to the following subjects.
1. Our parents ....l.o..v...e..u...s.... 2. The lion ...................
3. Kathmandu ................... 4. Cats ...................
5. A boy ................... 6. Cows ...................
7. The book ................... 8. Birds ...................
9. My mother ................... 10. My parents ...................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 13

3Lesson Sentence

Positive and Negative

Before you begin

Answer these questions and write appropriate columns.

Positive Negative

Are you a boy? ..................... .....................
Can you drive a bus? ..................... .....................
Is your mother a nurse? ..................... .....................

Will you be a dancer? ..................... .....................

Was yesterday a holiday? ..................... .....................

Do you have got a tie? ..................... .....................

Is your dress red? ..................... .....................

Are you well? ..................... .....................

Look, read and learn.

Positive statement Negative statement

I am a student. I am not a student.

I am reading. I am not reading.

You are a boy. You are not a boy.

Rebika is a nice girl. Rebika is not a nice girl.

Priya was a nurse. Priya was not a nurse.

They were happy. They were not happy.

* In above examples, we added ‘not’ to make a sentence negative.
* A sentence which has ‘not’ in it is called a negative sentence.

14 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Positive statement Negative statement
We have bags. We have no bags.
Alisha has a ring. Alisha has no ring.
Hemanta had a bike. Hemanta had no bike.

* We add ‘no’ to make the sentences negative.

Positive statement Negative statement
I sleep on the bed. I don't sleep on the bed.

He drives a bus. He doesn't drive a bus.

* We add ‘don’t’ and ‘doesn’t’ to make the sentences in present
tense negative.

Positive statement Negative statement
I opened the door. I didn't open the door.

We called them. We didn't call them.

* We added ‘didn’t’ to make the sentences in past tense negative.

Positive statement Negative statement
Open the door. Don't open the door.

Count your books. Don't count your books.

* To make a command sentence negative, we add 'Don't' in the beginning.

For your memory

* There are two types of sentences. They are positive and negative.
* The sentence that shows agreement or acceptance is called

positive sentence.
* Positive sentence is also called affirmative sentence.
* The sentence that shows rejection or denial is called negative

sentence.
* Is, am, are, have, had, shall, will, can, could, may, might, must,

etc. are auxiliary verbs. After auxiliary verb 'not' is needed to
make the sentence negative.
* Imperative sentences start with a main verb.
* To make imperative sentence negative, we need to put ‘Don't’
(Don’t) in the beginning of the sentence.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 15

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Write ‘C’ for correct sentences and ‘I’ for incorrect ones.

1. Raju writes well.

2. We books read.

3. Today is Sunday.

4. Ramesh up stand.

5. Leave me alone.

6. O’clock it 8 is.

7. We read comics also.

8. Honey bees make.

B. Rearrange the following words to make sentences.
1. My / is / Micky / name
.................................................................................................. .
2. Sit / my / I / chair / on
.................................................................................................. .
3. my / book / open / I
.................................................................................................. .
4. please / me / help
.................................................................................................. .
5. sit / your / bench / on / please
.................................................................................................. .
6. banana / that / Is?
.................................................................................................. .
7. live / alone / I
.................................................................................................. .

8. late / was / he / yesterday
.................................................................................................. .

16 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Change the following sentences into negative.
1. He can swim well. ...............................................
2. They were reading. ...............................................
3. Sita is a clever girl. ...............................................
4. They are sleeping. ...............................................
5. Eat lemon. ...............................................
6. Close the window. ...............................................

B. Change these sentences into affirmative.
1. I am not clever. ....................................................
2. You weren’t making profit. ...................................................
3. She won’t feel happy. .....................................................
4. They can’t cheat me. ....................................................
5. I’ve not seen anything here. .................................................
6. He won’t read comics. ................................................

Exercise-3

A. Write five positive and five negative sentences.

Positive sentences Negative sentences

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 17

B. Write five sentences each about what you can do and
can’t do.

I can do. I can do.

I can write a letter. I cannot climb up a tree.

C. Write what these people can do. One has been done for
you.

Mr. Sherpa is a mountain climber.
 He can climb mountains. (climb)

1. Kumar is good at singing.
..................................................................... (sing)
2. Rohan and Mohan are painters.
................................................................... (paint)
3. Kopila is a computer programmer.
.................................................................... (make)
4. Roshan is a pilot.
.......................................................... (fly jet planes)
5. Kabita is very good in Maths.
................................................(solve all the problems)
6. Bimal is a teacher.
............................................................... (teach)
7. Sanam is a good driver.
............................................................... (drive)
8. Mausami Gurung is a good dancer.
............................................................ (dance)

18 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

D. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

can't boil can’t read can't cook
can't ride can wash can’t see

Dipa is a blind girl. She ........................ anything normally. She

........................ rice. She ....................... her face. She ......................
a normal book. She ...................... water. She ...................... a bike.

E. Change the following sentences into negative.

He cooked momos yesterday.
 He did not cook momos yesterday.

1. He visited his aunt last week.

................................................................................................... .

2. I watched a film yesterday.

................................................................................................... .

3. We went to Pokhara last year.

................................................................................................... .

4. She liked yesterday’s soup.

................................................................................................... .

5. The boys helped each other.

................................................................................................... .

F. Make negative sentences using the words in the table.

I don't play at night.
You doesn't
We didn't
They
He
She

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 19

4Lesson Articles (A, An, The)

Before you begin

Read the conversation.
Madan : What does your father

do, Saru?
Saru : He is a climber. But

he is fond of reading
about the sun, the
moon and the earth.
Madan : Please tell me more
about your father.
Saru : He is also a tourist
guide. He works in a
travel agency. Sometimes he goes to climb mountains.
Madan : Has he ever climbed the Mount Everest?"
Saru : Not yet, but he has been trying.

In the conversation above the coloured words are articles.
List the words that have articles in front of them.
................................................ ......................................................
................................................ ......................................................
................................................ ......................................................
................................................ ......................................................

20 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Look, read and learn.

What are articles, Ritesh?
a, an and the are articles, miss.

How many kinds of articles are there?

There are two kinds of articles:
They are definite and indefinite, miss.

Which are the indefinite articles, Sanju?

‘a’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles, miss.

Which is the definite article, Sanju?

'The' is the definite article, miss.

Where do we use ‘a’ Rita?

We use ‘a’ in front of a countable
singular noun beginning with a

consonant sound.
Where do we use ‘an’ Rita?
We use ‘an’ in front of a countable
singular noun beginning with a

vowel sound, miss.
Thank you Ritesh, Sanju

and Rita.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 21

Use of ‘Articles'

Use of ‘A’
‘A’ is an indefinite article.
‘A’ comes with nouns that begin with a consonant sound.
‘A’ is used with a countable noun.
‘A’ is used only with a singular number.
Example: a man, a girl, a table, a book, etc.
Use of ‘An’
‘An’ is an indefinite article.
‘An’ comes with nouns that begin with a vowel sound.
‘An’ is used with a countable noun.
‘An’ is used only with a singular number.
Example: an apple, an ant, an orange, an umbrella, etc.
Use of ‘The'
‘The’ is used with the names of holy books:
Example: The Quran, The Geeta, The Ramayan, etc.
‘The’ is used with famous buildings:
Example: The Singha Durbar, The White House, etc.
‘The’ is used with the names of seas, oceans, etc.
Example: The Red Sea, The Pacific Ocean
‘The’ is used before names of big rivers:
Example: The Koshi, The Ganga, The Karnali, etc.
‘The’ is used before the noun that is only one in the world:
Example: The moon, The sun, The earth, The sky, etc.

22 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

‘The’ is used before a particular noun:

Example: I saw a girl. The girl was very fat.
‘The’ is used with the superlative degree of adjectives.

Example: Janak is the tallest boy in his class.
‘The’ is used in ordinal number:

Example: Ajay is the first and Rahul is the fifth.
‘The’ is used before the name of musical instruments:

Example: The guitar, The violin, The flute, The madal, etc.
‘The’ is used before the names of mountain ranges, deserts,

newspapers, ships, periods of history, museums, etc.

Example: The Himalayas, The Sahara, The Mt. Everest, The
Kathmandu Post, The Stone Age, etc.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Write either ‘a’ or ‘an’ before the following words.
1. ….... apple 8. ….... book 15. ….... eye
2. ….... owl 9. ….... dog 16. ….... star
3. ….... pen 10. ….... agent 17. ….... eagle
4. ….... ox 11. ….... orange 18. ….... animal
5. ….... car 12. ….... table 19. ….... road
6. ….... ear 13. ….... ink pot 20. ….... tree
7. ….... egg 14. ….... old man 21. ….... guest

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 23

B. Write a or an in the blank spaces below.

......... crayon .......... yak .......... orange

.......... ox .......... toy .......... ostrich

.......... computer .......... whale .......... butterfly
.......... octopus
.......... turtle .......... zebra .......... giraffe
.......... alligator
.......... owl .......... puppy .......... ice-cream

.......... egg .......... gorilla

.......... kitten .......... lizard

.......... artist .......... hour

C. Fill in the blanks with a or an.
1. I have got ......................... T-shirt.

2. She has got ................. orange ribbon.

3. I am ................. Nepali girl.

4. He is ................. English boy.

5. What ................. beautiful painting!

6. Do you have ................. umbrella?

7. ................. octopus has eight tentacles.

8. We saw ............ hippopotamus in the zoo.

9. Please lend me ................... eraser.

10. Give me .................. pencil, please.

D. Complete the text with a, an or the.

We've got .......... new computer and .......... old television set at our
home. ........... computer is in my bedroom and my brother has
got ............ television in his bedroom. My brother and I have got
........... CD player too. I've got .......... English CD. It's interesting!

24 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

E. Tick () the correct article.
1. This is a/an boy. 7. She has a/an umbrella.
2. That is a/an eye. 8. A tiger is a/an animal.
3. I have a/an apple. 9. This is a/an yak.
4. He has a/an book. 10. That is a/an zebra.
5. The cat has a/an tail. 11. That is a/an eagle.
6. That is a/an flower. 12. That is a/an spider.

F. Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the'.
1. I have never seen..............ghost.
2. We saw.............elephant in the zoo.
3. This is ............table.
4. Football is .............outdoor game.
5. ......................moon shines at night.
6. ..............earth moves round .............. sun.
7. I like to see ..............Taj Mahal.
8. Mira is .................. beautiful girl.
9. .....................Ramayan is a holy book.
10. She bought me ................umbrella.
11. The Mt. Everest is ................. highest peak.
12. I want to buy ......................ink-pot.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 25

Exercise-1 Homework

A. Put ‘a’ or ‘an’ in the blanks.
1. Give me …….. orange. 7. He is …….. tall boy.
2. I am eating …….. egg. 8. He is …….. Indian.
3. He is …….. student. 9. She has …….. crab.
4. It is …….. bench. 10. This is …….. crow.
5. It is …….. ant. 11. I have …….. ink pot.
6. A cow is …….. animal. 12. It is …….. apple.
B. Rewrite these sentences with ‘a’ or ‘an’ in place of one.

1. He has one house. ………H…e h…as..a...h..o..u..s.e............…
2. She has one umbrella. …………….......................…
3. Nancy has one van. …………….......................…
4. They have one house. …………….......................…
5. Sonali has one ox. …………….......................…
6. The dog has one tail. …………….......................…
7. We have one car. …………….......................…
8. Mina has one parrot. …………….......................…
C. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.
1. I have ……… orange.

2. I want to be …..… engineer.

3. There is ……… black car.

4. There is ……… old woman.

5. ……… sun shines in the sky.

6. ……… ant is ……… insect.

7. ……… apple is ……… fruit.

8. I had ……… nice time.

26 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

D. What are these people? Write their jobs. Remember to use
a or an.

1. He paints pictures.

artist
2. She sings songs. pilot
She's ............. ................. . doctor
3. He examines sick people.

He's ........................ ............................ . actress
4. He flies an aeroplane. bus
......................... .......................... ..................... .

5. She acts in plays and films. driver

............................ ........................ .................... . singer
6. He drives buses.

.................... .......................... ....................... .

E. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.
1. Kathmandu is ............. large city.
2. My father is ........... engineer. He works at ..........big
company.
3. Open ............ door, please.
4. Our teacher has written .............book on computers.
5. ............robot that I like can dance.
6. My aunt is ........... teacher of English.
7. It's going to rain. Take ........... umbrella.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 27

5Lesson Parts of Speech

Before you begin

Read the paragraph.

Mr. R. B. Rana is a teacher of Namuna

English Boarding School. He teaches
Maths nicely. He is bold and kind. He
loves his students. He wakes up early
in the morning. He goes to school
everyday. He is slim and active. He can also sing sweetly. He
checks classwork and homework sincerely. He meets his friends
in the evening. Oh! He is an extraordinary man.

Now, can you identify the words of
various parts of speech used above?

Noun ........................................................

Pronoun ........................................................

Adjective ........................................................

Adverb ........................................................

Verb ........................................................

Preposition ........................................................

Conjunction ........................................................

Interjection ........................................................

28 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Look, read and learn.

We use words to speak out or write our thoughts.
These words are of different kinds. Words are
divided into different types according to their
use in a sentence. These types are called parts of
speech. In English, there are eight parts of speech.
They are: Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb,
Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection.

Pronoun:

Noun: Adjective:

Interjection: Parts of Verb:
Conjunction: Speech Adverb:

Preposition:

Exercise-1 Class Activity

Write three other words for each of the following parts of speech.

Noun cow

Pronoun he

Adjective good

Adverb nicely

Verb read

Preposition on

Conjunction and

Interjection Alas!

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 29

Exercise-2 Homework

I. Arrange the following words in the correct parts of speech:

Laxmi Prasad Devkota, you, eat, fat, slowly, old, quickly,
Oh!, and, but, in, Ramila, they, me, playing, water, beautiful,
clearly, hurrah!, to, over, Pokhara, his, dances, poor, on, school,
because, or, beautifully, Hi!.

Noun ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Pronoun ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Adjective ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Adverb ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Verb ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Preposition ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Conjunction ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

Interjection ..............................................................................
..............................................................................

30 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Test Paper-I

First Terminal Examination
Subject : English Grammar F. M. :
Class : Two P. M. :

1. Read the followings sentences and state whether they are
positive or negative.
a. Umesh is sitting in the garden. .................................
b. The dog is on the table. .................................
c. She did not come today. .................................
d. He is not helpful. .................................

2. Supply the subject to the following predicates.
a. ....................... is my friend.
b. ....................... carried a load.
c. ....................... brush my teeth everyday.
d. ....................... is a useful animal.
e. ....................... travel by bus.

3. Change the following sentences into negative.
a. We are sleeping. ............................................
b. She can swim well. ............................................
c. Samir sings modern songs. ............................................
d. Our family went out. ............................................
e. Eat lemon. ............................................

4. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘the’ where necessary.
a. It is ...................... ant.
b. I eat .................apple.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 31

c. There is ...................insect near the window.
d. This is ...................... crow.

e. Give me ...................... orange.

5. Rearrange the following words to make sentences.

a. Please / me / help ...................................................

b. live / alone / I ...................................................

c. late / was / he / yesterday ...................................................

d. is / student / a / Ram ...................................................

e. the / they / opened / door ...................................................
6. Name eight parts of speech.

a. .................................... e. ....................................
b. .................................... f. ....................................

c. .................................... g. ....................................

d. .................................... h. ....................................
7. Put appropriate words to complete the sentences.

had because of singing a useful thing a pen

a. A broom is ..................................... .
b. .................................... is my hobby.

c. Bring me ..................................... .
d. You passed the exam ................................. your hard work.
e. Nobody knows what .................................... happened.
8. Add suitable predicates to the following subjects.
a. My parents ....................................................................... .

b. Ram ....................................................................... .
c. Cats ....................................................................... .

32 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

d. Boys ....................................................................... .
e. Pokhara ....................................................................... .
9. Change these sentences into affirmative.
a. They can’t cheat me. ......................................................
b. Don’t close the door. ......................................................
c. I am not clever. ......................................................
d. He won’t read comics. ......................................................
e. I didn’t call him. ......................................................
10. Make sentences from the following words and phrases.
a. school
Ans: .................................................................................................. .
b. mother
Ans: .................................................................................................. .
c. beautiful
Ans: .................................................................................................. .
d. read
Ans: .................................................................................................. .
e. homework
Ans: .................................................................................................. .

Listen and speak

Sound /p/
please, parrot, paper, page, past, plane, pack, pass, pin, pan,
pure, pipe, pigeon, player, proud
Sound /s/
tops, pets, asks, looks, books, pots, helps

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 33

6Lesson Naming Words
(Nouns)

Before you begin

Can you state any two names for each of them?
Persons : ......................... .........................
Places : ......................... .........................
Things : ......................... .........................
Animals : ......................... .........................
Birds : ......................... .........................
Days : ......................... .........................
Months : ......................... .........................
Relations : ......................... .........................
Vegetables : ......................... .........................

Look, read and learn.

teacher doctor engineer scientist

donkey yak bull buffalo
34 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

pigeon peacock sparrow crow

school Kathmandu
Durbar Square
hospital temple
Read and learn.
Sangita Prem
A. Names of Persons boy student
woman president
Ram Sonu swimmer grandfather
baby man
player man New Delhi London
nurse horse rider market classroom
hospital temple
B. Names of Places garden hill
college room
Kathmandu Birgunj
playground bridge cow fox
bedroom kitchen dog owl
mosque highway fish jackal
village road zebra camel
wolf cat
C. Names of Animals octopus dolphin

goat horse
buffalo elephant
tiger lion

rhino sheep
bear donkey
monkey yak

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 35

D. Names of Birds

woodpecker peacock vulture crane
sparrow parrot pigeon penguin
lophophorus kingfisher crow dove
hummingbird cock eagle hawk
spiny babbler owl swift raven

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Cross (×) the word which is not a noun.

1. eraser pen pencil and bag
2. jungle school Patan Gaur are
3. tailor nurse teacher go barber
4. bench potato read chair orange
5. write letter table chalk bat
6. eye ear nose egg walk
7. drive tree monkey girl boy
8. cow cat ant slow man

B. Put in the missing letters to complete the names of persons.

a. My mo er is a nurse.

b. A tea er teaches the students.

c. A dr r drives a car.

d. A da er dances well.

e. My father is a do or.

f. A bar cuts our hair.

36 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

C. Choose the correct words and write them in the blanks
below.

postman butcher barber tailor milkman painter

1. A person who brings our letters to us is called
a .......................................... .

2. A person who brings us milk from the dairy is
called a.......................................... .

3. A person who paints doors and windows is
called a.......................................... .

4. A person who cuts our hair is called a................................. .
5. A person who makes clothes for us to wear is called

a .......................................... .
6. A person who sells meat is called a ................................... .

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Arrange these nouns in the correct columns given below.

teacher cherries aeroplanes painters schools

pupils ships gardens fishermen blankets

hotels puppies buffaloes peacocks countries

doctor rabbits pictures bicycles elephants

Persons Places Animals Things

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 37

B. All the words in these lists are nouns. But one noun

is different from the set. Pick out the noun which is

different.

1. chair, table, apple, desk, bench ..........a..p..p..l.e.............

2. teacher, school, postman, policeman ..............................

3. onions, potatoes, radishes, grapes ...............................

4. milk, water, tiger, coffee, banana ...............................

5. lion, tiger, wolf, fish, bear ...............................

6. Monday, Sunday, January, Saturday ...............................

7. Nepal, Japan, ship, America ...............................

8. Tuesday, February, March, April ...............................

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Underline the names of persons and places.

1. table Bindu chair Suman
2. snow Britain captain Nagarkot
3. Sunday dance doctor January
4. Bara car bicycle Anup
5. Anupama brush water Muna Madan

6. Manakamana river Gandaki temple

B. Write the common name for each group of words.

1. shirt, coat, hat, trousers, socks .......................

2. July, April, October, November, September. .......................

3. potato, tomato, cabbage, brinjal, peas .......................

4. pigeon, owl, crow, sparrow, hen ......................

5. teacher, nurse, doctor, tailor, cobbler . ......................

6. horse, lion, monkey, sheep, elephant . ......................

38 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate naming words.

1. My father ’s name is ............................. .

2. I go to ............................. to study.

3. We did boating in ............................. lake.

4. We go to ............................. to buy things.

5. There are Neem ............... planted on both sides of the road.

6. .......................... is my best friend.

D. The following sentences have names of relations in a
family. Underline them and write in your exercise book.

1. Rita lives with her husband. 2. She has a niece.
3. I have a sister. 4. Ajit has a son.
5. I have a brother. 6. I have grandfather.

7. We respect our mother. 8. She has a nephew.
9. Arjun has a wife. 10. I have a daughter.

E. Write what the following people need, selecting the items
from the box.

spade stethoscope marker colour/brush
gun scissors sewing machine aeroplane

a. Policeman : .......................................................................

b. Teacher : .......................................................................

c. Doctor : .......................................................................

d. Farmer : .......................................................................
e. Barber : .......................................................................
f. Painter : .......................................................................
g. Pilot : .......................................................................
h. Tailor : .......................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 39

Exercise-4 Homework

A. Look at the words in each row below. One of them is
different from the others. Cross it out.

1. apple banana horse orange

2. January March Sunday December

3. watch shirt t. shirt jacket

4. garden bedroom kitchen bathroom

5. potato grapes cabbage carrot

6. bee butterfly mosquito buffalo
7. uncle aunt sister mother
8. bus boat bicycle train
9. nose mouth shoes hands
10. sharpener pencil eraser fruits

B. Ask your Social Studies teacher and fill in the name of
right months in the seasons.

Months Seasons

January, February, March, Spring =

April, May, June, July, Summer =

August,September, October, Autumn =
November, December
Winter =

40 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

C. List out any five things in your room and your classroom.

Room Classroom

D. Who are they? One has been done for you.

1. Who teaches us? t ea che r

2. Who sells meat?

3. Who grows crops?

4. Who looks after sick people?

5. Who sews our clothes?

6. Who makes pots of clay?

7. Who mends shoes?

8. Who fights for our country?

9. Who catches thieves?

10. Who brings us our letters?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 41

7Lesson Nouns:

Countable and Uncountable

Before you begin

Sing together:
We can count trees.
We can count dogs.
We can count flowers.
We can count frogs.

We can’t count water.
We can’t count rice.
We can’t count milk.
But we can count mice.

For your memory

Trees, frogs, dogs, flowers and mice are countable nouns.
We can count them. Water, milk and rice are uncountable nouns:
We can’t count them.

Read and learn.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

* Countable nouns are those * Uncountable nouns are those
nouns which can be counted in nouns which can't be counted in
numbers. numbers and cannot be changed
into plural.
Example: a bird, a boy, a cow, an
ant, an umbrella, a house, etc. Example: milk, water, tea, petrol,
blood, gold, etc.

42 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

* Countable nouns * Uncountable nouns can't
can be changed into plural be used into plural from using
form. -s/es.

Example: a cow - some cows, an waters, bloods, coffees

apple - some apples, etc. - incorrect

* We can use articles (a, * We can't use article a/an
an) before single number of before uncountable nouns.
countable nouns.
a water, a blood
Example: a pen, an iron, etc.

Fill in the conversation:

How many hands
do you have?

How many fingers do
you have in one hand?

How much water do
you drink daily?

How much milk do
you like to drink in

your breakfast?

For your memory

* There are two kinds of nouns. They are: countable and uncountable.
* If the question is “how many?” the noun that appears in the answer

can be “ONE’ or ‘MORE THAN ONE”. It means, these nouns can be
counted. So, they are “COUNTABLE NOUNS”.
* Countable nouns have singular and plural form.
* Countable noun is singular if it is one. It is plural if it is more than one.
* Uncountable nouns can't be counted as one and many. They don’t
have plural forms.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 43

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Write 'C' for countable and 'U' for uncountable nouns

underline in the sentences below.

1. Boys are going. 2. I like milk.

3. There is a book. 4. Do you ride a bike?

5. We need air. 6. We have red blood.

7. Akriti is a good girl. 8. I accept your love.

9. I live in a house. 10. Do you like to drink water?

Make a list of ten countable and ten uncountable nouns.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Here is a list of nouns. Classify them as countable and
uncountable.

air tree flower frog rice mouse

coffee book computer poet sickness

sand blood fruit fish darkness

man butterfly cement iron music

44 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

.................. .................. .................. ..................

B. Cross out the wrong words. Write the correct.
a. Waiter! Two cups of coffees please. ..........c..o..f..f.e..e.........
b. We have a bottle of bread. ............................
c. There are five sheet of paper. ............................
d. Is there ten forks on the table? ............................
e. There are twelve egg in the fridge. ............................

C. Fill in the blanks with the right amounts.
a. There is a .......p..i.e.c..e........ of cake on the dish.

b. There are three ................... of chocolate in the bag.

c. There are two ................... of milk in the fridge.

d. There are two ................... of bread on the plate.

e. There is ................... meat in the bowl.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 45

8Lesson Nouns:

Singular and Plural

Before you begin

Answer the following questions.

How many hands do
you have?

How many legs do
you have?

Are you a boy or a
girl?

Do you eat a mango
or an apple?

How many books
have you got?

How many members
are there in your
family?

Look, read and learn.

They are singular. They are plural.

46 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Read and learn.

Singular Plural

• The words a ball, a lion, • The words balls, lions,
a bus, a bench, a baby, buses, benches, babies,
a puppy, a boy, a toy, a puppies, boys, toys,
calf, a son, a loaf, a girl, a calves, sons, loaves,
table, etc. stand for one. girls, tables, etc. stand
So, they are singular for more than one. So,
number. they are plural number.

• When a naming word • When a naming word
names one person, names more than one
animal, place or thing, it person, animal, place or
is singular. thing, it is plural.

• Singular number is also • Plural number is also
called a singular noun. called plural noun.

• One is singular in • Many (more than one)
number. are plural in number.

Kinds of Number

Singular Plural

(Denotes 'one') (Denotes 'many' / more than one)

Example: book, umbrella, rat, Example: books, umbrellas, rats,
elephant, etc. elephants, etc.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 47

Always Remember

‘is’, ‘was’, ‘has’, are used in
singular and ‘are’, ‘were’,
‘have’ are used in plural

Singular Pronoun Plural Pronoun

I We
You You
He They
She
It These / Those
This / That

Note: ‘You’ is used in singular and plural both.

How plurals are formed:
Most nouns take ‘s’ to form plurals.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
ball balls
car cars boat boats pen pens

king kings table tables

48 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

ear ears chair chairs fan fans
eye eyes leg legs doll dolls
egg eggs lion lions girl girls
snake snakes month months cow cows

Nouns ending in s, x, ch, o, sh, take ‘es’ to form plurals.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

box boxes watch watches tax taxes

bus buses buffalo buffaloes bush bushes

class classes match matches tomato tomatoes

bunch bunches bench benches brush brushes

glass glasses branch branches dish dishes

hero heroes potato potatoes mango mangoes

Words ending in ‘o’ also take ‘es’ to form plurals.
But the plural of piano is pianos and photo is photos.

If a noun ends in a constant ‘+y’, we change ‘y’ into ‘ies’ to form
a plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

baby babies diary diaries hobby hobbies

sky skies army armies copy copies

story stories fly flies penny pennies

city cities puppy puppies library libraries

butterfly butterflies country countries family families

lady ladies body bodies lily lilies

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 49

But if a noun ends in a vowel +y, we add only ‘s’ to form the
plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

boy boys toy toys monkey monkeys

key keys day days donkey donkeys

If a noun ends in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ we change the ‘f ‘ or ‘fe’ into ‘ves’ to
form the plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

half halves yourself yourselves thief thieves

calf calves life lives shelf shelves

loaf loaves wife wives knife knives

leaf leaves wolf wolves

But the following words take only ‘s’ to form plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
monkey monkeys
chief chiefs proof proofs donkey donkeys

handkerchief handkerchiefs dwarf dwarfs

cliff cliffs belief beliefs

roof roofs

A few nouns don't follow any of the above rules. Here are some
of them. We have to remember their forms.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
child children man men
foot feet woman women
goose geese ox oxen
mouse mice tooth teeth

50 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2