Applied Grammar 2

A few nouns remain the same in plural.

Singular Plural

sheep sheep

deer deer

fish fish

staff staff

Listen and speak

Sound /A/

fat, mat, cat, rat, hat, at, that, pat, bat, man, can, fan
Sound /e/

pen, hen, ten, den, men, lend, end, tent, bent, sent, rent, belt, help
Sound /N/

young, song, ring, sing, finger, morning, evening, king, thinking

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Match the singular nouns with their plural forms.
Singular Plural
mouse • • goats
goat • • CDOs
watch • • halves
wolf • • leaves
door • • deer
CDO • • mice
deer • • watches
leaf • • wolves
half • • doors

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 51

B. Write the plural forms of the following.
Singular Plural
I ....................
You ....................
He ....................
She ....................
It ....................
This ....................
That ....................
My ....................
His ....................
Her ....................

C. There are some singular and plural nouns. Put them in
groups.

ball girls boxes onion hero files

bodies lady leaf knives roof proofs

Singular nouns Plural nouns

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Write singular of each of the following nouns.
mice ......................... flies .........................
teeth ......................... armies .........................
women ......................... valleys .........................
children ......................... dwarfs .........................
geese ......................... wolves .........................

52 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

feet ......................... countries .........................
deer ......................... wives .........................
sheep ......................... roofs .........................
B. Change the naming words of the following sentences into
plural form and rewrite the sentences correctly.
1. This is a flower pot.
These are flower pots
2. The postman delivered this letter.
Ans .........................................................................................
3. My teacher is good.
Ans .........................................................................................
4. The child is doing his homework.
Ans ...................................................................................
5. I help my friend.
Ans ..................................................................................
6. There is a bench in the garden.
Ans ......................................................................................
7. The thief was caught by the policeman.
Ans .........................................................................................
8. This knife is blunt.
Ans .......................................................................................
C. Give answer.
a. What is a singular noun? Give five examples.
b. What is a plural noun? Give five examples.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 53

9Lesson Replacing Words
(Pronouns)

Before you begin

Phone conversation

Bivu : What are you doing,

Sonu?
Sonu : I'm playing with my

brother and sister.
Bivu : Are they at home?
Sonu : Yes, their school is

closed. So, we all are at home. And you?
Bivu : I'm at home with my mother. She is unwell. I've

to look after her.

Read the passage:

I am Siddartha Karki. I read in Class
Two. I have a small sister. Her name
is Alisa. She reads in Class LKG. I
have an elder brother. His name is
Sabin. He reads in Class Seven. His
School is very far from our school.
It is a beautiful school like ours. My
father and mother are business persons. They are always busy.

In the above sentences, coloured words I, Her, She, His, He, My, You,
His, He, It, They are used for nouns. So, they are called pronouns.

54 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

• Pronouns are replacing words.

Example : Ram is a boy. He is a boy.

Noun Pronoun

• Words used instead of nouns are called pronouns.

Kinds of Pronoun

Singular pronoun Plural pronoun

I, me, my, mine, you, your, we, us, our, ours, you, your,

yours, he, him, his, she, her, they, them, their, theirs

hers, its

Read the sentences below.
I love my parents. (Subjective pronoun)
He always disturbs me. (Objective pronoun)
That is your blue car. (Possessive pronoun)
He opens the door himself. (Reflexive pronoun)

Forms of Pronoun

Subjective Objective Possessive Reflexive
I me my, mine myself
we us
our, ours ourselves
you you
he him your, yours yourself/yourselves
she her
it his himself
they it
them her, hers herself

its itself
their, theirs themselves

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 55

For your memory

* Subjective pronoun is used as the subject of the sentence.
* Subjective pronoun is also called nominative pronoun.
* Objective pronoun is used as the object of the sentence.
* Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership.
* The pronoun which reflects upon the subject by adding ‘self/

selves' is a reflexive pronoun, such as myself, ourselves, etc.

Listen and speak

Sound /f/
fan, fast, founder, ferry, fish, fail, finger, fat, foot, first, four,
phone, photo
Sound /w/
wait, wool, we, wife, wet, watch, will, wall, winter
Sound /ei/
mate, late, gate, shade, shake

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Write pronouns for the following nouns.

Boys ......T..h..e..y....... Car ......I..t...........

Mina ................... Rabin and Babita ...................

Kumar ................... Dog ...................

Friends ................... Book ...................

Sons ................... Cat ...................

Kajal ................... Books ...................

56 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

B. Rewrite the following sentences using correct pronouns
in place of nouns.
1. Ravi and Rita are laughing. .....T..h..e..y...a..r.e...l.a..u..g..h..i.n..g..........

2. Teachers are going out. .........................................

3. Children play football. .........................................

4. Raju is very active. .........................................

5. My mother looks after me. .........................................

6. An ant is a hardworking animal. .........................................

7. Housefly is found everywhere. .........................................

8. Dilip is here. .........................................

C. Fill in the blanks with I, We, You, He, She, It, They, These.

1. ................... am a student. 5. ................. is a student.

2 ................... are students. 6. ................. is a nurse.

3. ................... are girls. 7. ................. is a cat.

4. ................... are animals. 8. ................. are our parents.

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Put the correct words in the blanks.
1. ..................... are my best friend. (Your, You, Yours)
2. This is her pen. This is .................... . (her, hers, she)
3. .................... are my uncles. (Them, Their, They)
4. It is very foolishness of .................... . (her, hers, she)
5. Show ...................... your dolls. (he, him, his)
6. Mohan gave ...................... a pencil. (I, my, me, mine)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 57

B. Replace the coloured words with pronouns.
1. Call the boys here. ...............C..a..l.l..t..h..e.m....h..e..r.e................
2. The pen is white. ...................................................
3. Tell Ram to work. ...................................................
4. Reena is studying now. ...................................................
5. Manita is a good girl. ...................................................
6. The boys gave me books. ...................................................

C. Make sentences using the following pronouns.
She : .....................................................................................

Me : .....................................................................................

Yours : .....................................................................................

Herself : .....................................................................................

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with my, your, I, we, she, he, they, me,
us, him, them.
1. This is ..................... bicycle.
2. Kamana is ..................... mother.
3. ..................... am playing with .....................
4. ..................... are talking with .....................
5. ..................... will tell ..................... about .....................
6. ..................... gives ..................... an apple.

B. Answer these questions.
1. What is a pronoun? Give some examples.
Ans. ..................................................................................................

58 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

2. Give three examples of singular pronouns.
Ans. ..................................................................................................
3. Give three examples of possessive pronouns.
Ans. ..................................................................................................

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns.
1. This is our mistake. The mistake is .............................
2. This is his seat. This seat is ...................................
3. These are their bats. These bats are ...............................
4. These are your shoes. These shoes are ............................
5. That is my house. That house is ..............................
6. These are her ribbons. These ribbons are ........................

D. Give answer orally as in the example.

Whose book is it?
It is Ram's book.

Hari's.................. Kamal's................ Sita's..................

Mother's.............. Mohan's.............. Shanti's...............

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 59

Sharada's............ Kalu's.............. Sister's...............

E. Circle the pronouns.

My neighbour's name is Madhu Paudel. He is a teacher. He
teaches in Jana Jyoti Secondary School. He has two daughters.
One is Rekha. She is married. The younger daughter reads in
class six. He loves his family a lot. He has kept a dog at his
home. It guards his house.

F. Rewrite the passage below using pronouns in place of
highlighted nouns.

Shiva reads in Class Two. Shiva goes to school by bus. Shiva
carries books in a bag. Today, when Shiva entered the class, his
teacher asked, “Why are you late?” Shiva said “Sir, I missed
the bus." The teacher said, “You should be careful. Coming late
is a bad habit.” Shiva said, “I am sorry, sir.”

G. Write down the possessive froms of the following nouns.

Example: The teeth of the dog The dog’s teeth.

1. The shop of Anamika. ...................................................

2. The hat of Sarala ...................................................

3. The leg of the boy ...................................................

4. The house of Madhu ...................................................

5. The coat of my father ...................................................

6. The tail of the dog ...................................................

7. The face of the baby ...................................................
8. The horn of the cow ...................................................
9. The wing of the bird ...................................................
10. The book of Mukunda ...................................................

60 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

10Lesson Gender and Its Types

Before you begin

Look, read and learn.

masculine feminine common neuter
gender gender gender gender

Ask your teacher and write mesculine, feminine common or
neuter gender.

Your father
Your grandmother
Your school bag
School students
Hotel staff
Your dining table

Look and say. Kalpana is a helpful girl.
Ravi is a good boy.

He is my father. She is my mother.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 61

This is a cock. This is a hen.

This is a bird. This is my box.

There is mouse. There is a tower.

This is a fish. There are three balls.
This is a cat. This is my cap.

In the above sentences.

• ‘boy’, ‘father’ and ‘cock’ refer to males. So, they are

masculine genders.

• ‘girl’, ‘mother’ and ‘hen’ refer to females. So, they are
feminine genders.

• ‘bird’, ‘mouse’, ‘fish’ and ‘cat’ refer to both males and
females. So, they are common genders.

• ‘box’, ‘tower’, ‘balls’ and ‘cap’ are the names of things
without life. They are neuter genders.

Kinds of Gender

Masculine Feminine Common Neuter

A noun A noun A noun A noun
denoting a denoting a denoting denoting a
male sex is female sex is either a male thing without
masculine feminine gender, or a female life is neuter
gender,e.g. e.g. princess, is common gender, e.g.
prince, actor, actress, heroine, gender, e.g. box, chair,
hero, lion, tiger, lioness, tigress, parent, child, chalk, pen,
friend, cousin, table, etc.
bear, etc. etc. servant, etc.

62 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Changing Masculine into Feminine Gender
1. By changing the word

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
boy girl brother sister
bull cow bridegroom bride
cock hen dog bitch
father mother fox vixen
gentleman lady hero heroine
horse mare husband wife
king queen lord lady
man woman nephew niece
Mr. Mrs. monk nun
papa mamma sir madam
son daughter stag hind
widower widow dad mum

2. By adding ‘ess’ to the masculine

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
princess
actor actress prince giantess
tigress
God Goddess giant shepherdess

lion lioness tiger

hunter huntress shepherd

3. By replacing a word before or after

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
brother-in-law sister-in-law cock sparrow hen-sparrow
father-in-law mother-in-law grand-son grand-daughter
he-goat she-goat man-servant maid-servant
milk-man milk-maid pea-cock pea-hen
washer-man washer-woman land-lord land-lady
step-father step-mother school-master school-mistress

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 63

Listen and speak

Sound /ai/
die, cry, life, wife, knife, five, fight, light, kite, buy, my, night,
right, tight
Sound /au/
how, now, cow, allow, house, mouse, loud, round, found, sound,
blouse

Sound /z/
rivers, birds, dogs, schools, walls, girls

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Some nouns are given below. Identify their gender and
put them in the correct columns in the table.

water, god, person, desk, lion, leader, boys, goddess, gold,
cock, mare, pen, uncle, husband, animal, queen, milk, elephant,
beggar, prince, wife, princess, hen, wife, aunt, horse, hero,
parent, king, friend, child, daughter, school, kitchen, teacher,
captain, son

Feminine Masculine Common Neuter

64 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

B. Change the gender of the following nouns.

Masculine Gender Feminine Gender

cock

wife

bull/calf

fisher woman

poet

gaintess

God

aunt

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Write the masculine gender of the names below.

Masculine Gender Feminine Gender
sister
mare
witch
tigress
actress

heroine
vixen
peahen

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 65

B. Write the feminine gender of the following.

Masculine Gender Feminine Gender

boy

dog

son

hunter

author

lion

tiger

bridegroom

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Write the opposite gender of the following nouns.
1. bull ......................... 7. son .........................
2. cock ......................... 8. dog .........................
3. God ......................... 9. boy .........................
4. horse ......................... 10. queen .........................
5. actor ......................... 11. brother .........................
6. sir ......................... 12. dad .........................

B. Rewrite these sentences by using nouns of the opposite
gender.
1. He is my uncle. .........................................................

2. She is the milkmaid. .........................................................

3. The lady went there. .........................................................

4. A girl stood there. .........................................................

5. He is a hero. .........................................................

6. This is a bull. .........................................................

66 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

C. Write true or false in the box.
1. I, we, you and they indicate common gender.

2. ‘She’ indicates feminine gender.

3. ‘He’ indicates feminine gender.

4. The word ‘that’ denotes both male and female
nouns is common gender.

D. Tick () 'masculine' or 'feminine' in the table.

Example: Boy - Masculine Girl - Feminine

Masculine Gender Feminine Gender

mother 

son
brother
daughter
nephew
niece
uncle
aunt
grandfather

E. Match the following with opposite genders.
A B

son • woman
brother • girl
man • mother
husband • granddaughter
uncle • daughter
nephew • niece
grandson • grandmother
boy • wife
father • aunt
grandfather • sister

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 67

L1es1son Describing Words
(Adjectives)

Before you begin

Look at the pictures and tick (√) the correct word.

beautiful ugly
big small
happy sad
sharp blunt

Look, read and learn.

This is a beautiful house. This is a big tree. This is a red car.

She is a slim girl. Ramu is a fat boy. He is an old man.

There is a little tea in the cup. There are many pencils.

In the above sentences, coloured words ‘beautiful, big, red, slim,
fat, old, a little, many’ are describing words.

68 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

What kind of house is this?
This is beautiful.

What kind of tree is this?
This is big.

What kind of boy is Ramu?
He is fat.

What kind of man is he?
He is old.

How much tea is in the cup?
There is a little tea.

How many pencils are there?
There are many pencils.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 69

Read the conversation: An adjective is a
word that qualifies
What is an adjective?
a noun or a
What is an adjective pronoun.
of quality?
An adjective of
What is an adjective quality is a word
of quantity? which shows the
quality of a person
or thing, such as big,
thin, strong, etc.

How many forms of Amount or number
adjectives are there is the adjective of
and what are they? quantity such as
some, a little, eight,
There are three forms of etc.
adjectives. They are
(a) positive,
(b) comparative and
(c) superlative.

Forms of adjectives

Positive Comparative Superlative
cold colder coldest
great greater greatest
poor poorer poorest
rich richer richest

strong stronger strongest
thick thicker thickest
weak weaker weakest

70 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest
glad gladder gladdest
bad worse worst
little less least

easy easier easiest
much more most
heavy heavier heaviest
thin thinner thinnest
many more most
happy happier happiest
hot hotter hottest
good better best

For your memory

• Describing words are called adjectives.
• Adjectives are used before nouns such as good boy, tall man,

black hair, hot day, hungry girl, etc.
• An adjective which shows the number of persons or things

is called the adjective of number such as ten, eight, etc.
• An adjective which tells us how much/how many of a thing

is called an adjective of quantity such as some, a little, much,
a few, etc.
• An adjective which tells us what kind a person or thing is
named adjective of quality, such as kind, brave, lazy, etc.
• Adjectives are words which tell us what kind of, how many,
what colour, etc. are persons, things, animals or places.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 71

• Positive degree is used with one person/thing only.
Example : You are a clever boy.
• Comparative degree is used when we compare two persons/
things.
Example : Manita is cleverer than Babita.
• Superlative degree is used when we compare more than two
persons or things.
Example : Dilip is the cleverest boy in his class.
• Generally, we put 'er' to make comparative and ‘est’ to make

superlative degree of adjectives such as clever, cleverer, cleverest.

Listen and speak
Sound /r/

read, rain, ring, ran, rice, rat, rail, write, wrong, round, rabbit

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A Match the adjectives in column ‘A’ with the suitable nouns
in column ‘B’.

Adjectives Nouns
sweet • months
long • sky
blue • question
deep • days
seven • teeth
easy • rope
white • night
dark • blood
twelve • voice
red • sea

72 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

B. Circle the words that are not adjectives.

1. above dark fair lovely
bright
2. slim girl fat short
run
3. old oven busy clear
good
4. hard soft bad beautiful
seven
5. clever clean cow square
car
6. work wonderful nice

7. box big blue

8. kind dark Muna

9. round paper flat

10. yellow red green

C. Underline the adjectives in the following sentences.
1. She is ugly. 8. These are red flowers.
2. The box is heavy. 9. I need a new pen.
3. The tea is hot. 10. The grass is green.
4. I have little money. 11. Binod is poor.
5. Suman has twenty books. 12. Anu is taller than Banu.
6. He has a little lamb. 13. The earth is round.
7. That is your new book. 14. Rahul is lazy.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 73

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Choose the correct describing word.
1. Your dance is (beautifuling / beautiful / beautifully).
2. You are trying to be (smart / smarts / smarting).
3. He is (hungry / hungrily).
4. He is always (happiness / happily/ happy).
5. (Laziness / Lazily / Lazy) people can’t prosper.
6. The child is (activity / actively / active).
7. Panda’s voice is (sweet / sweetly).
8. I have a .................... (new/newly) book today.

B. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the
correct adjectives from the box below.
red interesting clean sharp
sweet active beautiful helpful

1. Nepal is a ............................. country.
2. My uncle has a ............................. knife.
3. He is a ............................. man.
4. I have a ............................. pen.
5. This story is very ............................. .
6. She has a ............................. voice.
7. Always drink ............................. water.
8. My horse is very ............................. .

74 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-3 Homework

A. Fill in each blank with the correct colour words.

1. Grass is ............................ . 2. Coal is .............................. .

3. Milk is .............................. . 4. The sky is ............................

5. Snow is ............................. . 6. Gold is .............................. .

B. Can you write opposites of the following adjectives?

Adjective Opposite Adjective Opposite
strong beautiful
big long
short bad
wise cold
neat fat
narrow sad
wise rich
sweet weak
old small

right some

C. Write the comparative and superlative forms of the given

adjectives.

Positive Comparative Superlative

tall taller tallest

big

small

easy

high

fat

strong

happy

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 75

D. Fill in the blanks using ‘many’ or ‘much’.
1. ................ ladybirds 2. ................ snakes
3. ................ cement 4. ................ butterflies
5. ................ food 6. ................ rice
7. ................ tea 8. ................ sand

E. Fill in ‘How many’ or ‘How much’ in the blanks.
1. ....................... honey is there in the bottle ?
2. ....................... money do you have ?
3. ....................... birds are there on the tree ?
4. ....................... bags are there ?
5. ....................... apples do you want ?
6. ....................... rupees do you have ?

F. Use each of the following adjectives in a sentence.
useful ..................................................................................... .
clear .................................................................................. .
noisy .................................................................................. .
pink .................................................................................. .
weak .................................................................................. .
tidy .................................................................................. .

76 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

G. Name two things which are:

red ............................... ...............................

white ............................... ...............................

blue ............................... ...............................

green ............................... ...............................

yellow ............................... ...............................
H. Fill in the blanks.

1. How old is your father?

My father is ................ years old.
2. How old is your mother?
My mother is ................ years old.
3. How old is your grandfather?
He is ................ years old.
4. How old is your grandmother?
She is ................ years old.
5. How old is your best friend?
My best friend is .................
6. How old are you?

I am ................ years old.

I. Rewrite the following sentences putting the adjectives
given in the brackets.

1. Bipul is a boy. (little) .
.........B...i.p..u..l..i.s...a...l.i.t.t.l.e...b..o..y.......................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 77

2. Bill is wearing a cap. (red)
............................................................................................
3. Alan is a student. (good)
............................................................................................
4. This is a room. (clean)
............................................................................................
5. Mary is a girl. (beautiful)
............................................................................................
6. He has a daughter. (cute)
............................................................................................
7. Pokhara is a city. (peaceful)
............................................................................................
8. The cows eat grass. (green)
............................................................................................
9. Our teacher is a person. (kind)
............................................................................................
10. This is a river. (deep)
............................................................................................
11. Sita has got a watch. (golden)
............................................................................................

78 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-4 Class Activity

1. Complete the words and then match with the correct facial
expression.

Fine Tired Happy Sad Angry

1. H ................................... y

2. S ...................................

3. F ...................................
4. A ...................................

5. T ...................................
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 79

2. Match the opposites. • short
1. big • • old
2. long • • ugly
3. quiet • • straight
4. thin • • light
5. young • • thick
6. beautiful • • small
7. curly • • flat
8. good • • bad
9. round • • noisy
10. heavy •

3. First, underline the adjective in each sentence below.
Then, write the opposite of the adjective in the blank next
to the sentence.
Example:
The radio was very loud. Soft

1. All the children were happy. ............................

2. The towel was wet. ............................

3. It is a cloudy day. ............................

80 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

4. We sat under a big tree. ............................
5. My aunt drives an old car. ............................
6. How do my new glasses look? ............................
7. Have you seen my black shirt? ............................
8. Nabin lives in a big house. ............................

4. Circle the adjective in each sentence. Underline the noun
it describes.

Example:
Jenny painted a beautiful picture .

1. The shiny spaceship landed on the field.

2. The green alien walked out of the spaceship.

3. It waved its tiny hand in the air.

4. The alien said, "Earth is such a beautiful planet."
5. A brown rabbit hopped into the field and scared the

alien.
6. The frightened alien ran back into its spaceship.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 81

12Lesson Action Words (Verbs)

Before you begin ...................
...................
Write one word answer. ...................
Are you reading or playing now? ...................
Is the earth moving or motionless? ...................
Do you stay or go home after school?
Did you play or watch T.V. yesterday night?
Have you passed or failed in Class One?

Look, read and learn.

This is our
classroom. My
friends are sitting
on the benches.
Our English
teacher is teaching
Applied English
Grammar. We
are reading and
writing. I am
talking to the
teacher.

Here ‘sitting, teaching, reading, writing and talking’ are action
words.

82 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Forms of verbs

Verb Past tense Past Present Simple
infinitive ( V2) participle participle present (V5)

(V1) (V3) (V4) bends
bent bending keeps
bend bent kept keeping leaves
left leaving lends
keep kept lent lending spends
spent spending makes
leave left made making hides
hidden hiding carries
lend lent carried carrying cries
cried crying hits
spend spent hit hitting wears
worn wearing
make made

hide hid

carry carried

cry cried

hit hit

wear wore

For your memory

* There can be no sentences without a verb.
* Doing words are also called action verbs.
* Action words tell what somebody does.
* A verb has many forms. They are :
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
go went gone going goes.
* Eat, play, read, dance, etc. are main verbs.
* Is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, shall, will, may, might,

must, can, etc. are helping verbs. These are also called
auxiliary verbs. They help the main verbs.

Verb

Main verbs Helping verbs
go, eat, play, read, etc. is, am are, was, etc.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 83

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Underline the helping verbs in the following sentences.
1. The girls are skipping.
2. Are you fond of music?
3. Alisha and Anu have got a ball.
4. Muna is going home.
5. Akwar was talking to Birbal.
6. I can break it.
7. Will you come tomorrow?
8. Barsha was buying a bag.

B. Put ‘is’, ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in the blanks.
1. I .............. your brother.
2. You .............. tall.
3. Today .............. Friday.
4. All of them ........... students.
5. The boys ........... playing.
6. Yesterday ............ a holiday.
7. Ram and Hari ............ reading when
I met them yesterday.
8. My father .............. in office.

84 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

C. Put ‘has’ or ‘have’ in the blanks.
1. Kala ........... a black cat.
2. They ........... gone to office.
3. Sita ........... a red car.
4. They ........... seen this photo.
5. You ........... a red pen.
6. Rosy ........... a beautiful doll.

D. Fill in the blanks with suitable helping verbs given.
is, am, will, are, have

1. Rabina .............. talking to him.
2. I .............. not played today.
3. We .............. going to school now.
4. I .............. singing a song.
5. Nila .............. drink tea tomorrow.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 85

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Use each of these helping verbs in sentences of your own.
am, is, are, was, were, has, have, will, can

am = ................................................................................
is = ................................................................................
are = ................................................................................
was = ................................................................................
were = ................................................................................
has = ................................................................................
have = ................................................................................
will = ................................................................................
can = ................................................................................

B. Write different forms of the given verbs.

Verbs Past tense Past participle Present
(V1) participle
(V2) (V3)
(V4)

tell
drink
want
love
laugh
paint
begin
sell
make

86 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Write a short paragraph about your friends using auxiliary
verbs such as is, was, has, had, etc.
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................

B. Answer the following questions.
1. What do you mean by verb?

.....................................................................................................

2. How many forms of verbs are there? Write their names.

.....................................................................................................

3. What is an auxiliary verb? Give examples.

.....................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 87

L1ess3on Tense

Before you begin

Read the story.

One day Mr. Fox visited
Mr. Rabbit's home. He
found one banana there.
Mr. Fox threw the banana
peel on the door step. Mr.
Rabbit came home late in
the evening. He slipped on
the peel and fell. He badly
hurt his knee. Next day, Mr. Rabbit met Mr. Fox on the way.
Mr. Fox said, "Hello! Rabbit, did you enjoy the banana I left at
your home?" Mr. Rabbit replied, "How stupid! I almost broke
my leg." Mr. Fox said, "I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt you."

Read the following sentences.

I am a student. I was in Class One I will be in Class
We are reading.
You are a teacher. last year. Three next year.
She is my friend.
She helps me. My friend, Kalu was Our teacher will

Please come here. at home. teach us nicely.

She went to market I will be a doctor in

yesterday. future.

My parents were Sarad will come on

poor. Friday.

They had a small We will have finished

house. the lesson by next

week.

I had no bicycle. It will be raining
tomorrow.

88 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

The tense of a verb shows the
time of the action. There are three
types of tense:

i. Past tense
ii. Present tense
iii. Future tense

I was a baby. I am a child. I will be a young man.
(after the time of speaking)
(before the time of (at the time of
Future tense
speaking) speaking)

Past tense Present tense

i. Present tense

Usually expresses actions in the present time.
ii. Past tense

Usually expresses actions in the past time.

iii. Future tense

Usually expresses actions in the future time.

Present verb: Is, am, are, have, has, do, does

Past verb; Was, were, had, did

Future verb: Shall, will

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 89

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Circle the verbs in the following sentences.
1. Come to my office. 6. Rita writes nicely.
2. He saw me. 7. He comes late.
3. I know you. 8. It runs fast.
4. I am a boy. 9. I shall go there.
5. Kajol has a pen. 10. We had two books.

B. Tick (√) the correct verb.
1. I (am / is / are) reading now.
2. Rajesh (is / was) dancing yesterday.
3. They (be going / are going) away.
4. Don’t disturb me. I (am / is / are) playing.
5. Birds (is / are / were) flying now.

C. Fill in the blanks with ‘has, have, had’.

1. You ........... a cow. 7. We ........... two hands.

2. She ........... a knife. 8. He ........... a book.

3. They ........... many friends. 9. Ram ........... an old bag.

4. Raju ........... a shirt. 10. Rita ........... long hair.

5. Horses ........... long legs. 11. A cow ........... four legs.

6. She ........... no pen yesterday. 12. I ........... a kind mum.
90 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Identify the tense (present, past, future) and write in the
blanks.
1. Christina had a red camera. ............................
2. Rozy has got a pen. ............................
3. Supriya was late. ............................
4. Sabnam will go to her house. ............................
5. Subigya is a beautiful girl. ............................
6. Swornim is a handsome boy. ............................

B. Fill in the blanks with the present tense form of the verb.
1. A boy .....runs....... fast. (run)
2. Muna .................... with the pen. (write)
3. I .................... my sister. (like)
4. They .................... apples and oranges. (eat)
5. Mina .................... her face. (wash)
6. Ayam .................... a letter. (read)

C. Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the verb.
1. I .......sat....... beside her mother. (sit)
2. He ............................ bitterly. (weep)
3. You ............................ out to play. (go)
4. We ............................ a large crowd. (see)
5. The dog ............................ behind her. (walk)
6. The boy ............................ us stories. (tell)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 91

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with the future tense form of the verb.
1. She ...will get..... some sweets. (get)
2. We ................... him soon. (meet)
3. The bird ................... on a tree. (sit)
4. Radha ................... tomorrow. (come)
5. You ................... your lessons. (learn)
6. The girl ................... a baby. (carry)

B. Change the verbs below as shown and make sentences.
1. Drink: .. drinking.. : ..........He is drinking milk......................

2. live: ................. : ...............................................................

3. dance: ................. : ...............................................................

4. write: ................. : ...............................................................

5. kill: ................. : ...............................................................

6. take: ................. : ...............................................................

C. Fill in the blanks with is, are, am, was, have, and will be.
1. It ................... eight o’clock now.

2. Tapasya ................... nine next year.

3. I ................... a good student.

4. I ................... been to Pokhara three times.

5. There ................... a heavy rain today morning.

6. We all ................... ready to start.

92 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

D. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple form of
the verb.

does helps lives teaches wants

1. My little brother always ................... to play.

2. My aunt ................... English in a school.

3. My father ............... me do my homework.

4. My brother always ................. his homework before dinner.

5. My friend ................... in a new house near the bus station.

E. Make 12 sentences.

I

We

You lives football.

He cook in the bank.

She work in Kapan

It plays rice.

They

Examples:

.......I cook rice......................... ...................................................

................................................... ...................................................

................................................... ...................................................

................................................... ...................................................

................................................... ...................................................

................................................... ...................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 93

F. Read the story and underline the past verbs.
Chandan Jaiswal lived in a small village called Baudha-Pataura.

He was very clever. One night, thieves came into his house.
They wanted to steal his money. Chandan Jaiswal knew it. He
said to his wife, “I put the bag of money into the well.” The
thieves heard it. All the thieves jumped into the well to find
the money. But they did not find anything there. People caught
the thieves. They bit the thieves with sticks. The thieves never
came again.
Now, change the story in to simple present tense.
Chandan Jaiswal lives in a small village called Baudha-Pataura.
He .......................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

94 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

Test Paper-II

Second Terminal Examination
Subject : English Grammar F. M. :
Class : Two P. M. :

1. Fill in the blanks with correct words.
a. A person who sells meat is called a ........................... .
b. A person who makes clothes for us to wear is called
a ............................ .
c. A person who brings letters to us is called a ....................... .
d. A person who paints doors and windows is called
a ............................ .
e. A person who cuts our hair is called a ............................ .

2. Write plural forms of the following.
Singular Plural
a. This .........................
b. You .........................
c. brother .........................
d. cow .........................
e. girl .........................

3. Fill in the blanks with we, he, it, they, these.
a. ......................... are animals.
b. ......................... is a doctor.
c. ......................... are students.
d. ......................... are our parents.
e. ......................... is a cat.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 95

4. Write the feminine gender of the following.
a. prince .........................
b. brother .........................
c. fox .........................
d. Mr. .........................
e. widower .........................

5. Put ‘has’ or ‘have’ in the blanks.
a. Sita ................... a red car.
b. I ................... a beautiful garden.
c. Rosy ................... a black cat.
d. They ................... gone to Kathmandu.
e. Muskan ................... been to Pokhara many times.

6. Put ‘is’, ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in the blanks.
a. Yesterday ................... a holiday.
b. I ................... your sister.
c. You ................... fat.
d. My mother ................... in the kitchen.
e. Kundan and Bablu ................... playing yesterday.

7. Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the verbs.
a. The dog ................... behind her. (walk)
b. We ................... (laugh) a lot.
c. The boy ................... us stories. (tell)
d. I ................... playing football. (love)
e. Ramesh ................... me yesterday. (see)

96 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

8. Make sentences using the given helping verbs.
a) will
................................................................................................... .
b) was
................................................................................................... .
c) is
................................................................................................... .
d) can
................................................................................................... .
e) are
................................................................................................... .

9. What do you mean by verbs? What are the types of verbs?
Write their names.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................

10. What is a pronoun? Give some examples.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 97

14Lesson
Adverb and Its Types

Before you begin

Write 'how', 'when' or 'where' in the blanks.
Please come slowly. .......................
I celebrated my birthday happily. .......................
Do your homework daily. ......................
The teacher is teaching now. .......................
My car is outside. .......................
There are many ladies. .......................

Read the following conversation.

How do you walk? I walk slowly.
How do you run? I run fast.
How do you write? I write neatly.
How do you speak? I speak gently.
How do you sing? I sing sweetly.
When do you wake up? I wake up early.
Where are you? I am here.
Where is your pen? My pen is there.

98 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2

• The words slowly, fast, neatly, gently, easily, sweetly, early, here,
there are qualifying words. Such words are called adverbs.

• A word which adds something to the meaning of a verb and
tells us how a thing is done, when it is done, where it is done is
called an adverb.

Kinds of Adverb

Adverbs of Manners Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Place
(how) (when) (where)

slowly, fast, neatly, today, early, weekly, here, there, inside,
gently, easily, daily, now and then, outside, below,
sweetly, well, late, soon, yesterday, upstairs, etc.
bravely, happily, etc etc.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Circle the adverbs in these sentences.
1. He is reading now. 5. We are late today.
2. She sang sweetly. 6. Samir lives there.
3. They sleep inside. 7. Dina is waiting upstairs.
4. Asim is playing outside. 8. The barber went away.

B. Pick out the words that tell us how things are done in the
following sentences. The first one has been done for you.
e.g. I go there slowly. slowly
1. I can do it easily. ..................................
2. Hem walked slowly. ...................................
3. Hari writes neatly. ..................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2 99

4. Sumina works well. ..................................
5. Harry played nicely. ..................................
6. Asim talked loudly. ..................................
C. Fill in the blanks using the given adverbs.
certainly, clearly, hard, slowly, very, surely, luckily, already

1. Kala will .................................. pass her exam.
2. .................................. she is right.
3. Bishnu walks .................................. .
4. He is a .................................. good boy.
5. Alisha and Muna work .................................. .
6. .................................. I was saved.
7. I have .................................. informed her.
8. She speaks .................................. .

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Pick out the words that tell us when things are done in
the following sentences.

1. Sony will come soon. .....................s.o..o..n..........................

2. Muna saw him today. ....................................................

3. We walked early. ....................................................

4. Meet me tomorrow. ....................................................

5. Ram gets up late. ....................................................

6. Hari came yesterday. ....................................................

100 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-2