97 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % /]lhgfM P . eg]kl5 g]kfnsf] gfds/0fsf ;DaGwdf t w]/} ls+jbGtL kf] /x]5g\ t Û lzIfsM olt dfq xf] / Û cem csf]{ klg 5 . lnDa" efiffdf g]kfnsf] cy{ ;dy/ e"ld x'G5 . pkTosf Pp6f 7'nf] ;dy/ d}bfgL efu ePsfn] o; efiffsf cfwf/df g]kfn gfd /x]sf] dflgG5 . k|j]zM cfxf, cfh t Sof uhasf] hfgsf/L kfOof] . d oL s'/f ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg eG5' . of] t xfdL ;a}n] hfGg'kg]{ s'/f kf] /x]5 t . /]lhgfM xf] lg k|j]z . d klg ;fyLx¿nfO{ oL s'/f atfpF5' . lzIfsM n, ca 306L klg nfUof] . ltdLx¿ sIffdf hfcf] x} t . -ljBfyL{x¿ sIfflt/ nfU5g\ ._ lj|mofsnfk != xfd|f] b]zsf] gfd …g]kfnÚ s;/L /xg uPsf] eGg] ls+jbGtLx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= lrlgofFx¿n] g]kfnnfO{ s'g gfdn] af]nfpFy] < v= ls/fFtx¿sf] s'g zfvf xfd|f] b]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ uYof{] < u= ltAatL efiffsf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] cy{ s] x'G5 < 3= lnDa" efiffsf cg';f/ …g]kfnÚ zAbsf] pTklQ s;/L ePsf] xf] < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{F a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgsf] gfd s;/L /xg k'u]sf] xf] < tkfO{Fsf cleefjs, ;dfhsf cu'jf jf ;d'bfosf Ho]i7 gful/s;Fu ;f]wvf]h u/L lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 98 PsfO ^ xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfk l;sfO pknlAw ™ cfºgf] ;d'bfo / If]qsf dflg;n] ug]{ >d÷sfdsf] ;Ddfg / ;xof]u ug{, ™ cfºgf] :yfgLo txleqsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf] klxrfg ug{ / dxŒj atfpg, ™ :yfgLo ;d'bfodf pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ / laj|mL ug]{ ahf/sf] gfd pNn]v ug{, ™ xfd|f] b]zsf k|d'v cfly{s lj|mofsnfk pNn]v ug{, ™ :jb]zdf pTkflbt tyf lgld{t j:t'x¿sf] pkof]uk|lt ;r]t /xg .
99 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % Kof/f ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, >dsf] ;Ddfg / ;xof]uaf/] /hgLn] cfºgf ;fyL km'jf{nfO{ n]v]sf] tnsf] lr7L cWoog u/f}F M ldltM @)&(÷#÷% jL/]Gb|gu/–#, ;'v]{t Kof/f] ;fyL km'jf{, oxfF dnufot ;kl/jf/ cf/fd 5f}F . ToxfF tkfO{F / tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/ cf/fd} x'g'x'G5 xf]nf eGg] >L kz'kltgfy;Fu sfdgf ub{5' . tkfO{Fn] cl3Nnf] kqdf >dsf] ;Ddfg / ;xof]uaf/] ;f]Wg'ePsf] /x]5 . oxfF d oxL ljifodf d]/f] ljrf/ tkfO{F ;dIf /fVg rfxG5' . ;j{k|yd d tkfO{FnfO{ cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] Pp6f k|Voft egfO ;'gfpg rfxG5' . æHo'Fb} d¥ofsf] egL gfd s;sf] < pBd lagf laTb5 sfn h:sf] .Æ cyf{t, >d gug]{ dflg; lhpFb} d/]sf] h:t} x'G5 . >d eg]sf] s'g} j:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf lgdf{0f jf hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu af}l4s jf zf/Ll/s zlSt nufP/ ul/g] sfd eGg] a'lemG5 . lglZrt k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zon] >d ul/G5 . >daf6 cfDbfgL k|fKt x'G5 . xfd|f b}lgs cfjZostf k"/f x'G5g\ . >d ug]{ JolStnfO{ dflg;n] ;Ddfg / dfof u5{g\ . sfd ;fgf] / 7'nf] x'Fb}g . >d zf/Ll/s / jf}l4s u/L b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . ef/L af]Sg], af6f] vGg], v]tLkftLsf] sfd ug]{, 3/ agfpg] h:tf sfd zf/Ll/s >d x'g\ . n]vg, ufog, lzIf0f, sDKo'6/;DaGwL sfd cflb af}l4s >dsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . kf7 ! >dsf] ;Ddfg / ;xof]u
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 100 dflg;x¿ >dsf cfwf/df Pscsf{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . h:t}M d]/f afaf ufpFsf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf clws[t x'g'x'G5 . pxfF af}l4s >d ug{'x'G5 . xfdL v]tLafnL klg nufpF5f}F . v]tLdf sfd ug{ xfdLnfO{ l5d]sL ?b| sfsfsf] kl/jf/n] ;3fpF5 . To:t}, xfd|fdf laxfga]n'sf g} hfgsL 7'nLcfdfn] b'w NofOlbg'x'G5 . xfd|f l5d]sL /lj sfsf sf7sf] sfd ug{'x'G5 . pxfFn] g} xfd|f] ufpF3/sf dflg;sf 3/df ‰ofn9f]sf agfpg] / dd{t;d]t ug]{ sfd ug{'x'G5 . xfd|f] ;d'bfodf s;}n] klg s'g} lsl;dsf] >d ug]{ dflg;nfO{ lje]b u/]sf] yfxf 5}g . tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf 5, cd]l/sf, l;+ufk'/nufot o'/f]ksf b]zx¿n] r'd]sf] ;kmntdf >dsf] 7'nf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 < >d ug]{ afgL xfdL 3/}af6 ljsf; ug{ ;S5f}F . xfdLn] km';{bsf] ;dodf 3/df cfºgf cleefjsnfO{ sfddf ;3fpg ;S5f}F . >d ug]{ dflg;sf] hLjg ;kmn x'G5 . ;dfhdf >d ug]{ dflg;n] Pscsf{af6 ;xof]u klg kfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf] k];fut ;/;xof]un] ;a}nfO{ kmfObf ePsf] 5 . lr7L nfdf] eof] . clxn]nfO{ olt g} . afFsL csf]{ kqdf pxL tkfO{FsL ;fyL /hgL efOalxgLx¿, xfdL klg /hgLn] km'jf{nfO{ eg] h:t} >dsf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;S5f}F . sfdsf cfwf/df s;}nfO{ klg x]nfxf]rf] ug{' x'Fb}g . km';{bsf] ;dodf 3/kl/jf/df ljleGg sfddf ;xfotf ug{ ;S5f}F . >dsf nflu Pscsf{df ;/;xof]u klg ug{ ;S5f}F . >d ub}{ hfFbf xfdLdf l;ksf] klg ljsf; x'Fb} hfG5 . kmn:j¿k cWoogsf] ;dflKt;Fu} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|fKt x'g ;S5 . lj|mofsnfk != lbOPsf] lrqn] s:tf] >dsf] k|sf/nfO{ a'emfpF5 < o:tf] >dsf] s] dxŒj 5 <
101 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % @= tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfosf dflg;sf k];fx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . #= tnsf] syf cWoog u/L tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M cN5L ls;fg /ftel/ kfgL k/]sf] lyof] . af6f] lrKnf] x'g'sf ;fy} vfN8fv'N8Ldf ;d]t lxnf] hd]sf] lyof] . Jofkf/L /fx'nnfO{ ahf/ hfg} k/]sf] lyof] . cfºgf] ;fdfg uf]?uf8fdf xfn] / pgL ufpFsf] af6f] x'Fb} ;x/lt/ nfu] . pgnfO{ hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] ;x/ k'Ug'kg]{ lyof] . uf]?nfO{ uf8f tfGg lgs} d'l:sn kl//x]sf] lyof] . Tolts}df lgs} lxnf] ePsf 7fpFdf uf]?uf8fsf] Pp6f kfª\u|f] kmF:of] . uf]?n] tfGg ;s]gg\ . hlt a9L uf]?n] hf]8 ub}{ uP, Tolt g} kfª\u|f] efl;Fb} uof] . /fx'n uf8faf6 cf]ln{P / 5]pdf a;] . sf]xL cfP/ ;3fOxfN5 ls eg]/ klv{P t/ sf]xL cfPg . cfºgf] efUonfO{ bf]if lbFb} pgL lgs} lg/fz eP . pgn] uf8fnfO{ ToxfFaf6 lgsfNg s'g} k|oTg g} u/]gg\ . pgL cfsfzlt/ x/]/ k|fy{gf ug{ yfn], …d slt cefuL /x]5' . dnfO{ cfh lsg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf < x] eujfg\, dnfO{ of] ;d:ofaf6 d'lSt b]pm .Ú lgs} nfdf] k|fy{gfkl5 eujfg\ k|s6 x'g'eof] . eujfg\n] /fx'nnfO{ ;f]Wg'ef], …s] cfsfzdf x]/]/ s/fP/ ltd|f] uf]?uf8fsf] kfª\u|f] aflx/ lgl:sG5 eGg] nfU5 < ltdL cfkm"n] k|oTg u/]gf} eg] ltdLnfO{ s;}n] ;xof]u ug]{ 5}g . s] ltdLn] uf8fsf] rSsf lgsfNg] k|of; u¥of} < p7 / uf8f 7]Ng] k|of; u/ .Ú To;kl5 /fx'nn] uf8fnfO{ k5fl8af6 7]Ng] k|of; u/] . s]xL ;dod} uf8f aflx/ lg:Sof] . /fx'nnfO{ cfkm"n] Tolta]nf;Dd s'g} k|oTg gu/L a;]sfdf kZrfQfk eof] . k|Zgx¿ s= /fx'n sxfF hfFb} lyP < v= s] sf/0fn] /fx'nnfO{ ;d:of k¥of] <
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 102 u= /fx'n s:tf] :jefjsf dflg; x'g\ < 3= of] syf k9]/ tkfO{Fn] s] lzIff kfpg'eof] < cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= >d eg]sf] s] xf] < v= >dsf k|sf/x¿ pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . u= >dsf] dxŒjnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . 3= >d ugf{n] s] kmfObf x'G5 < >d ugf{sf s'g} b'O{ cf]6f kmfObf pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . ª= s] tkfO{F km';{bsf] ;dodf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ sfddf ;3fpg'x'G5 < tkfO{Fn] ug]{ sfdsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . kl/of]hgf sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfosf ljleGg k];f ug]{ dflg;nfO{ e]6\g'xf];\ . lgDg k|Zgsf cfwf/df hfgsf/Lx¿ kQf nufO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ M s= ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿ pgLx¿nfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ u5{g\ < v= s] pgLx¿sf] sfdsf] ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 < u= ljleGg k];fsf dflg;lar s:tf] ;DaGw 5 <
103 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % cfef / l/bd ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfno, emfkfdf sIff % df cWoog u5{g\ . ljBfno ;dosf] ;dflKt;Fu} 3/ kmls{+b} ubf{ ;fdflhs lzIfs ldng cdfTo;Fu b'a} ljBfyL{sf] e]6 x'G5 . pxfFx¿n] u/]sf] s'/fsfgL lgDgfg';f/ 5 M cfefM cf]xf], ldng ;/ Û gd:sf/ . lzIfsM gd:sf/ cfef . s] 5 gfgL ltd|f] va/ < cfefM ;a l7s 5, ;/ . lzIfsM cfh t ltdLx¿ klg cln l9nf dfq kmls{+b} /x]5f} t Û l/bdM xf], ;/ . cfh xfdL ljBfnodf h'lgo/ /]8j|m; ;s{n u7g ug]{ eg]/ a;]sf lyof}F . sfo{j|md ;lsFbf cln l9nf g} x'g k'Uof] . lzIfsM P, ta kf] d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ sIffdf b]lvg5' . cfefM xf], ;/ . sfo{j|mddf a:bf cfh xh'/sf] lkl/o8 5'6\of] . lzIfsM l7s} 5 lg . xfdLn] cWoogsf ;fy} cGo lj|mofsnfkdf klg cfkm"nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'k5{ . o;af6 xfd|f] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;df 6]jf kf] k'U5 t . l/bdM ;/, cfh xfdLn] xfd|f :yfgLo cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] 5nkmn ug]{ eg]/ lxhf] ;Nnfx u/]sf lyof}F . lzIfsM xf] . cfh ToxL ljifodf sIffdf 5nkmn ul/of] lg . cfefM ;/, xfd|f] ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf lj|mofsnfk ug{'x'G5 . s] ltgnfO{ xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfk eg]/ dfGg ;lsG5 < lzIfsM ;dfhsf ;a} ;b:on] ug]{ sfdnfO{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfk elgFb}g . cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf nflu cfocfh{g x'g] sfd u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . l/bdM xfd|f l5d]sL /]zd sfsfn] t/sf/L afnL nufpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] kf7 @xfd|f :yfgLo cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 104 ufO{kfng klg 5 . s] pSt sfo{nfO{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfk eGg ;lsG5 < lzIfsM ;lsG5 lg . pxfFx¿n] cfkm"n] pTkfbg u/]sf j:t'x¿ ahf/df nu]/ a]Rg'x'G5 . ToxL g} pxfFx¿sf] hLjg lgjf{xsf] af6f] klg xf] . t;y{ To;nfO{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf ¿kdf lng'k5{ . JolStn] u/]sf] s'g} sfo{af6 j:t' pTkfbg eO{ p;sf b}lgs cfjZostf ToxLFaf6 k"/f x'G5g\ eg] tL lj|mofsnfknfO{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfk elgG5 . cfefM ;/, pM tn a]F;Ldf pv' v]tL ul/Psf] 5 . cln k/lt/ sf7 pBf]u klg 5 . oL b'a} cfly{s lj|mofsnfk g} /x]5g\ . x}g t < lzIfsM xf], cfef . ltdLn] ;xL s'/f u¥of} . l/bdM ;/, xfd|f] 3/ glhs} ;fKtflxs ¿kdf ahf/ nfUg] u5{ . ToxfF xf]6n tyf u]:6xfp; klg ;~rfngdf 5g\ . oL ;a} cfly{s lj|mofsnfk g} /x]5g\ lg < lzIfsM xf] . o;afx]s ufpF3/df 8f]sf8fnf tyf 9fsL cflb a]Rg Nofpg] dfG5] t ltdLx¿n] b]v]s} 5f}F lg, x}g < l/bdM 5, ;/ . lzIfsM xf] . ltgLx¿n] ToxL sfdaf6 cfºgf] hLljsf rnfPsf x'G5g\ . To:t} ltdLx¿n] ltd|f ufpF3/df slxn]sfxLF ljb]zL kfx'gf cfPsf] b]V5f}F lg . cfefM xf] ;/ . kf]xf]/ d dfdf3/ hfFbf d}n] ToxfF s]xL ljb]zL kfx'gf af; a;]sf] b]v]sf] lyPF . laxfg hfg] a]nfdf pxfFx¿n] d]/f dfdfnfO{ s]xL k};f klg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . lzIfsM xf], To;nfO{ ko{6g Joj;fo elgG5 . hlt w]/} ljb]zL ko{6s cfpF5g\, Tolt g} xfdLn] ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug{ ;S5f}F . o;af6 /f]huf/L klg l;h{gf x'G5 . cfefM l/bd, xfd|f] ufpFsf d'Vo d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfk s] s] x'g\ eGg ;S5f}F < l/bdM lsg g;Sg' lg, cfef . xfd|f] ufpFsf] d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfk t
105 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % s[lif g} xf] . oxfFsf w]/}h;f] dflg; s[lif k];fd} x'g'x'G5 . To:t} Jofkf/, kz'kfng, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, ko{6g Joj;fo tyf df5fkfng klg xfd|f] ufpFsf d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfk x'g\ . cfefM o;sf ;fy} s'v'/f kfng, x:tsnf, tflnd s]Gb|nufot klg 5g\ lg . lzIfsM xf] l/bd / cfef . ltdLx¿n] ;xL s'/f u¥of} . l/bdM ;/, ca xfdLnfO{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf] dxŒjaf/] klg atfOlbg';\ g x} . lzIfsM kv x} t . d]/f] emf]nfdf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] dxŒjaf/] cfh sIffdf k|bz{g u/]sf] rf6{ 5 . d b]vfpF5' . -rf6{lt/ b]vfpFb}_ n oxfF x]/ t . – cfocfh{g x'G5 . – xfd|f b}lgs cfjZostf ;lhn} k"/f x'G5g\ . – ul/aL 36fpg ;lsG5 . – /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf x'g] ePsfn] /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z hfg' kb}{g . – cfºgf] :yfgLo snf, l;k / ;+:s[ltsf] k|jw{g ug{ ;xfotf k'U5 . – :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng x'G5 . – cfTdlge{/tfsf] efjgfdf clej[l4 x'G5 . l/bdM cf]xf], ;/n] t Sof uhan] s'/f a'emfOlbg'eof] . x}g t cfef < cfefM xf] lg l/bd . lzIfsM n ca t d]/f] 3/ klg cfpg nfUof] . d ltdLx¿;Fu labf dfU5' x} t . ljBfyL{x¿ M x'G5, ;/ ef]ln sIffdf e]6f}Fnf .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 106 lj|mofsnfk != dflysf] jftf{nfk sIffdf k|bz{g ug{'xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf s'g s'g cfly{s lj|mofsnfk ug]{ dflg;x¿ x'g'x'G5 < To:tf lj|mofsnfksf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . #= tn lbOPsf lrqx¿sf] cWoog ug{'xf];\ . oL s:tf cfly{s lj|mofsnfk x'g\ < oLdWo] tkfO{FnfO{ s'g cfly{s lj|mofsnfk l7s nfUof] / lsg < cEof; != pko'St hfgsf/L /fv]/ tnsf vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M s= cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf nflu ======================== x'g] sfd u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . v= JolStn] u/]sf] sfdaf6 j:t' pTkfbg eO{ p;sf b}lgs ================== k"/f x'G5g\ . u= ko{6sx¿nfO{ ul/g] ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt cfly{s lj|mofsnfknfO{ ================= Joj;fo elgG5 . 3= g]kfnLx¿sf] d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf ¿kdf ============================ k];f /x]sf] 5 . ª= xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf6 xfd|f :yfgLo snf, l;k / ;+:s[ltsf] ======== ========================= df 6]jf k'U5 .
107 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % @= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M s= JolStn] u/]sf] h'g;'s} lj|mofsnfknfO{ lsg cfly{s lj|mofsnfk eg]/ dfGg ;lsFb}g < v= dflysf] jftf{nfkdf s'g s'g cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿af/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 < ltgsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . u= cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf s'g} tLg cf]6f dxŒj pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . 3= s] tkfO{Fn] cfkm"n] eljiodf ug]{ cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] ;f]Rg'ePsf] 5 < tkfO{F pSt lj|mofsnfkdf lsg ;+nUg x'g rfxg'x'G5 < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfosf s'g} kfFr cf]6f leGgfleGg} cfly{s lj|mofsnfkdf ;+nUg dflg;x¿nfO{ e]6\g'xf];\ . pSt sfo{sf Ps Ps cf]6f ;an kIf / r'gf}tL;d]t kQf nufO{ sIffdf lgisif{ k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . cfly{s lj|mofsnfk ;an kIf r'gf}tL s= s[lif cfºg} pTkfbg pkef]u ug{ kfOg] . ahf/sf] cefj .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 108 Uofn]S;L cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf sIff % df ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff cWofkg u/fpg] lzIfs >L /ljgf rf}w/Ln] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ xfd|f :yfgLo pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt kqklqsfsf ;dfrf/ vf]h]/ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'ePsf] lyof] . oxfF ltg} ;dfrf/dWo]sf pTs[i6 b'O{ cf]6f ;dfrf/ lbOPsf] 5 . xfdL klg tL ;dfrf/sf] cWoog u/f}F M ;dfrf/ ! u'Gb|'ssf] a|flG8ª ub}{ /f]ª ufpFkflnsf eLdf rfkfufO{F, Onfd sltko :yfgLo tx bL3{sfnLg dxŒjsf sfd u/]/ rrf{df 5g\, sltko rflxF 7'N7'nf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ . ls;fg;DdnfO{ k|ToIf kmfObf k'Ug] / :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] ahf/ lglZrt ug]{ u/L of]hgf agfpg] :yfgLo tx rflxF b]zdf ;DejtM yf]/} dfq e]l6g ;S5g\ . lhNnfsf] /f]ª ufpFkflnsfn] clxn] km/s sfo{j|md NofPsf] 5– u'Gb|'s pTkfbgdf cg'bfg / ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu a|flG8ª . ufpFkflnsfn] rfn' jif{ :yfgLo ls;fgnfO{ u'Gb|'s pTkfbgsf nflu ;xof]u ub}{ 5 . ufpF ufpFsf xf]d–:6], ahf/sf xf]6n / ;x/lt/sf 3/df klg u'Gb|'ssf] dfu a9\b} uPkl5 /f]ªn] o;sf] k|jw{gdf ls;fgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ of]hgf NofPsf] xf] . ufpFkflnsf cWoIf dgLs'df/ :ofª\af]n] u'Gb|'s pTkfbgdf ls;fgnfO{ ;x'lnot lbg] / pgLx¿n] pTkfbg u/]sf] ;a} u'Gb|'s ufpFkflnsfn] g} laj|mLsf] lhDdf;d]t lng] u/L sfo{j|md NofPsf] atfP . …u'Gb|'s s;/L pTkfbg ug]{ eGg]af/] ls;fg hfgsf/ 5g\ To;}n] xfdLn] kf7 #xfd|f :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿
109 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % To;sf nflu nufgL ug'{ kb}{g,Ú pgn] eg], …ls;fg;Fu} 1fg / l;k ePsf] afnL pTkfbg u/]/ pgLx¿sf] cfly{s pkfh{g ug{ u'Gb|'s Pp6f dfWod aGg ;S5 .Ú ufpFkflnsfn] of] jif{ ls;fgaf6 @ xhf/ lsnf] u'Gb|'s pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ls;fgnfO{ ;x'lnot shf{ / s[ifs ;xsf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxgnufot sfo{j|md /flvPsf] 5 . clxn];Dd ;xsf/Lsf dfWodaf6 % ;o xf/fxf/L ls;fgn] u'Gb|'s pTkfbgdf rf;f] b]vfPsf] pgn] hgfP . u'Gb|'ssf nflu ;fu / d'nf tof/ ePkl5 u'0f:t/Lo u'Gb|'s pTkfbgsf nflu tflnd;d]t lbOg] 5 . ls;fgnfO{ 8«fo/ d]l;g klg cg'bfg lbOg] 5 . u'Gb|'s pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fgnfO{ k|ltlsnf] *) ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbOg] 5 . ufpFkflnsfdf pTkfbg ePsf] u'Gb|'s laj|mLsf nflu b]zsf 7fpF 7fpFdf laj|mL s]Gb| :yfkgfdf ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{j|md 5 . laj|mLsf nflu ;x/sf 7'nf xf]6n / kf6L{ Kofn];x¿df kflnsfn] g} s[ifs ;xsf/Lsf] ;Dks{ u/fOlbg] 5 . …cfpFbf] jif{ c¿ s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ klg kfn};Fu k|f]T;fxg ub}{ nlug] 5,Ú pgn] eg], …s[lifnfO{ ko{6g;Fu hf]8]/ ls;fgsf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wfg{ ufpFkflnsfn] s[lifdf c¿ klg ljljw sfo{j|md NofPsf] 5 .Ú ;dfrf/ @ cfDbfgLsf] alnof] ;|f]t cld|;f] gjnk'/, dª\l;/ *, gjnk'l:yt x'K;]sf]6 –%, /fDr]sf Zofdaxfb'/ /fO{nfO{ cfkm"n] nufPsf] wfgn] d'l:snn] rf/ dlxgf dfq} vfg k'UYof] . kxf8L If]qdf wfgv]t vf;} 5}g / x'Fb}g klg . ePsf] v]tdf nufPsf] wfgn] s]xL dlxgf
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 110 dfq} uhf]{ 6Yof{] t/ sa'lnotL jgdf cld|;f] v]tL u/L cfDbfgL x'g yfn]kl5 clxn] jif{el/ rfdn sxfFaf6 Nofpg] eGg] lk/ pgnfO{ 5}g . cld|;f] v]tLaf6 cfPsf] cfDbfgLn] rfdn vl/b u/]/ jif{el/ vfg k'Ug] ePsf] 5 . æwfg pTkfbg sd x'GYof], c¿ cfDbfgL klg gx'g], s] vfg], s;/L vfg] eGg] lk/ x'GYof] .Æ pgn] eg], ækxf8sf kfvfdf cld|;f] v]tL ;'? u/]kl5 clxn] To;af6 x'g] cfDbfgLn] ;fFemlaxfg s] ksfpg] eg]/ lrGtf lng'k/]sf] 5}g . rfdn lsg]/ vfg k'u]sf] 5 .Æ gjnk'/sf kxf8L kfvf olta]nf cld|;f]n] 9flsPsf 5g\ . s]xL jif{ klxn];Dd gfËf kfvfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] kxf8 clxn] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t ag]sf 5g\ . kxf8L If]qsf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf cld|;f] a/bfg h:t} ag]sf] sa'lnotL jg lhNnf ;'k/efOh/ t'naxfb'/ /fgfn] hfgsf/L lbP . /fDr] If]qdf !( jg ;d"x 5g\ . oL jg ;d"xdf cld|;f] v]tL ug]{ 3/w'/L ;ª\Vof Ps ;o () /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ h]7 clGtdb]lv c;f/ !% ;Dd cld|;f] nufpg] ul/G5 . dª\l;/b]lv kmfu'g;Dd cld|;f] sf6\g] a]nf x'g] /fgfn] atfP . gjnk'/sf] kxf8L If]qdf pTkfbg ePsf] cld|;f] Jofkf/Ln] vl/b u/L ef/t / aËnfb]z;Dd lgof{t ug]{ u/]sf] pgn] atfP . o;afx]s :yfgLo ahf/ sfjf;f]tL, bnbn], gf/fo0fu9 / a'6jndf cld|;f]sf] s'rf] laj|mL x'g] u/]sf] pgn] atfP .
111 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % lj|mofsnfk != sIffsf ;fyLx¿ tLg cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg x'g'xf];\ . klxnf] ;d"xn] :yfgLo j:t'sf] pTkfbgdf ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf, bf];|f] ;d"xn] :yfgLo j:t'sf] ;ª\sngdf ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf / t];|f] ;d"xn] :yfgLo j:t'sf] ljj|mLljt/0fdf ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ . ;d"xaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf pTkfbg x'g] ljleGg j:t'x¿ s] s] x'g\ < ;d"xdf sfd u/L tL j:t'sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . tL pTkfbg sxfF nu]/ a]lrG5 < :yfgLo ahf/sf] gfd;d]t n]Vg'xf];\ M ;d"x :yfgLo pTkfbg :yfgLo ahf/ /ftf] ;d"x u'Gb|'s, csa/] v';f{gL, l3p, t/sf/L, 5'kL{, kmnkm"n, cb'jf dª\unaf/] ahf/ cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= :yfgLo pTkfbg eg]sf] s] xf] < v= :yfgLo pTkfbgsf s'g} b'O{ kmfObf n]Vg'xf];\ . u= tkfO{Fsf] j/k/ pTkflbt :yfgLo j:t'x¿n] :yfgLo ahf/nfO{ s;/L 6]jf k'¥ofPsf 5g\ < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] l5d]ssf s'g} kfFr 3/d'nLx¿nfO{ e]6\g'xf];\ . pxfFx¿n] pTkfbg ug]{ :yfgLo j:t'x¿ s] s] x'g\ < ltgsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . cGo ;fyL;Fu tkfO{Fsf] ;"rLsf] t'ngf ug{'xf];\ / :yfgLo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf ;DaGwdf lgisif{ lgsNg'xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 112 efOalxgLx¿, lxdfnL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, d'u'sf sIff % sf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff cWofkg u/fpg] lzIfs ;~h/L a'9fn] cfhsf] sIffdf xfd|f] b]zsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] 5nkmn ug]{ s'/f atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}cg';f/ pxfFn] g]kfnsf] gS;f NofP/ cufl8 leQfdf em'G8\ofpg'eof] / sIff ;'? ug{'eof] . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, k|fs[lts jf ef}uf]lns ¿kdf g]kfnnfO{ tLg If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . tL x'g\M lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ . g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] 7'nf] lx:;f s[lifdf lge{/ 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] emG8} b'O{ ltxfO hg;ª\Vof s[lif k];fdf ;+nUg 5 t/ xfd|f] s[lifnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;sf/0f xfd|f] b]zn] ck]Iff u/]cg';f/ cfly{s k|ult ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] dflyNnf] e"efu cUnf lxdfn tyf sl7g ef}uf]lns ;+/rgfn] ag]sf] 5 eg] tNnf If]qdf ;dy/ e"efu /x]sf] 5 . ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf cfwf/df oL ljleGg If]qdf x'g] cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿ klg km/s–km/s 5g\ . n, ca xfdL lxhf] xfdLn] agfPsf tLg cf]6f ;d"xsf lgisif{ ;'Gg] 5f}F . kf7 $g]kfnsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿ g]kfn ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z s0ff{nL k|b]z bfr'{nf j}t8L 88]Nw'/f aemfª x'Dnf d'u' h'Dnf 8f]Nkf afh'/f c5fd 8f]6L s}nfnL s~rgk'/ alb{of sflnsf]6 ;'v]{t hfh/sf]6 ?s'd klZrd ?s'd k"j{ /f]Nkf ;Nofg bfª af“s] c3f{vf“rL Ko"7fg u'NdL DofUbL d':tfª afUn'ª uf]/vf kj{t :ofª\hf tgx'“ gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k"=_ gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k=_ lrtjg wflbª /;'jf g'jfsf]6 dsjfgk'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]s sf7df8f}“eQmk'/ nlntk'/sfe|]knf~rf]s l;Gw'nL bf]nvf /fd]5fk ;f]n'v'Da' ;+v'jf;ef tfKn]h'ª t]x|y'd kf“ry/ Onfd emfkf df]/ª wgs'6f ef]hk'/ vf]6fª cf]vn9'+uf pbok'/ ;Kt/L ;'g;/L dxf]Q/L /f}tx6 ;nf{xL af/f k;f{ l;/fxf wg'iff kfNkf slknj:t' ?kGb]xL dgfª sf:sL ndh'ª b}n]v n'lDagL k|b]z ef / g rL t ef / t sf]zL k|b]z dw]z k|b]z u08sL k|b]z jfudtL k|b]z ef / t r}gk'/ 88n]Nw'/f j}t8L bfr'{nf l;nu9L d+un;]g udu9L l;ldsf]6 h'Dnf dx]Gb|gu/ wgu9L jL/]Gb|gu/ u'nl/of g]kfnu+h 3f]/fxL lnjfª Ko"7fg ;lGwvs{ tf}lnxjf a'6jn k/f;L sfjf;f]tL e/tk'/ bdf}nL uf]/vf wflbªa];L x]6f}F8f jL/u+h sn}of uf}/ dn+ujf hgsk'/wfd l;/fxf ufO{3f6 /fhlj/fh Og?jf lj/f6gu/ eb|k'/ Onfd lkmlbd vfFbaf/L tfKn]h'ª ;Nn]/L r/Lsf]6 rf}tf/f w'~r] ef]hk'/ lbQm]n t]x|y'd wgs'6f hn]Zj/ l;Gw'nLu9L :ofª\hf a];Lzx/ kf]v/f tfg;]g ?s'dsf]6 b'g} hf]d;f]d a]gL rfd] d'l;sf]6 hfh/sf]6 b}n]v dfGdf ;Nofg dft{8L sf7df8f}F nlntk'/ eQmk'/ cf]vn9'+uf dGynL w'lnv]n lab'/ afUn'ª s'Zdf td3f; e}/xjf uf]bfj/L
113 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % klxnf] ;d"x – /hgL ysfnL gd:sf/, d /hgL ysfnLsf] tkm{af6 . xfdLnfO{ k/]sf] lxdfnL If]qsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] xfdLn] u/]sf] 5nkmn / To;sf] lgisif{nfO{ d oxfF k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' . g]kfnsf] pQ/L If]qdf /x]sf cUnf cUnf lxdfn / lxdz[ª\vnfx¿n] 9fs]sf] If]qnfO{ lxdfnL If]q elgG5 . of] If]q ;d'b| ;txb]lv #))) ld6/ dflysf] prfOdf km}lnPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] @%=%Ü If]q oxfF k5{ . oxfF la/n} dfq v]tLof]Uo e"ld 5 . To;sf/0f v]tLkftL klg sd dfqfdf x'G5 . oxfF d'Vo ¿kdf cfn', hf}, sf]bf], kmfk/, pjfnufotsf afnL pTkfbg x'G5g\ . lxdfnL If]qsf clwsf+z e"efu lxpFn] 9flsPsf x'gfn] oxfFsf dflg; kj{tf/f]x0f k];fdf ;+nUg 5g\ . lxdfn x]g{ / cf/f]x0f ug{ ljZje/af6 ko{6sx¿ cfpg] x'gfn] ko{6g Joj;fo oxfF lgs} km:6fPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} 7'N7'nf r/g If]qx¿ ePsfn] oxfFsf dflg; kz'kfng klg u5{g\ . d'Vo u/L e]8f, rf}F/L tyf Rofª\u|f h:tf kz'x¿ kfN5g\ . of;f{u'Daf, kfFrcf}Fn], h6fd;Lnufotsf h8La'6L klg oxfFsf dflg;sf cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t x'g\ . :ofp v]tLsf nflu klg oxfFsf] e"ld pj{/ /x]sf] 5 . olt eGb} d labf x'g rfxG5' .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 114 bf];|f] ;d"x – lk|G;f u'?ª ;a}nfO{ d lk|G;f u'?ªsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s clejfbg tyf gd:sf/ . d xfd|f] bf];|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] kxf8L If]qsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] u/]sf] 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ k|:t't ub}{ 5' . g]kfnsf] kxf8L k|b]zn] ;du| g]kfnsf] %&=%Ü If]q cf]u6]sf] 5 . ;d'b| ;txb]lv nueu ^)) ld6/b]lv dfly #))) ld6/ prfO;Ddsf] If]q kxf8L k|b]z xf] . oxfFsf d'Vo afnLdf ds}, wfg, lrof, ux'F, sf]bf], kmfk/, cfn', cb'jf, cld|;f]nufotsf afnL x'g\ . oxfF Jofj;flos ¿kdf ;'Gtnf, h'gf/, sfutL, cDaf tyf km"nsf] ;d]t v]tL ul/G5 . oxfF g]kfnsf 7'nf ;x/ sf7df8f}F / kf]v/f k5{g\ . oL zx/ Jofkf/ / cGo cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf nflu kl/lrt 5g\ . dflg;x¿ k/Dk/fut v]tLsf ;fy;fy} kz'kfng, df5fkfng, k'ik Joj;fo, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u cflbdf ;+nUg 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} oxfF ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts :yfgsf ;fy} k|Voft wfld{s :yn klg /x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f oxfF ko{6g Joj;fo klg lgs} km:6fPsf] 5 . olt eGb} d cfºgf] ;d"xsf] lgisif{ cGTo ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpF5' . t];|f] ;d"x – ;lËtf sfsL{ ;a}nfO{ clejfbg, d ;lËtf sfsL{ . d xfd|f] t];|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] t/fO{ k|b]zsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfkaf/] xfdLn] ;d"xdf u/]sf] 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ k|:t't ub}{ 5' . ;d'b| ;txb]lv ^)) ld6/ prfO;Ddsf] e"efunfO{ t/fO{ k|b]z elgG5 . of]
115 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % If]qn] g]kfnsf] hDdf !&Ü e'efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . t/fO{ If]q g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf pAhfp x'g] e"ld xf] . To;sf/0f t/fO{ k|b]znfO{ g]kfnsf] cGgsf] e08f/ klg elgG5 . oxfF dflg;x¿ d'Vo ¿kdf wfgv]tL u5{g\ . o;sf ;fy} oxfF ds}, ux'F, tf]/L, cGo bnxg afnL klg k|z:t ¿kdf pTkfbg x'G5 . oL vfBkbfy{sf ;fy} ;gkf6 / pv'nufot cGo gub]afnL klg k|z:t pTkfbg x'g] ePsfn] oxfF 7'nf pBf]u 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lj/f6gu/ h'6ldn oxL k|b]zdf 5 . ef}uf]lns ¿kdf ;dy/ e"ld ePsfn] oxfF oftfoft, ;~rf/, lzIffnufot ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/sf] klg /fd|f] k|aGw 5 . t;y{ t/fO{df dflg;sf] 3gf a:tL 5 . t/fO{ k|b]zdf tLj| ¿kdf ;x/Ls/0f eO/x]sfn] cfly{s / Jofkfl/s ultljlwdf ;d]t j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . t/fO{ k|b]zsf d'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x¿df sfFs8le§f, lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh tyf g]kfnuGh cflb /x]sf 5g\ . k|Voft wfld{s :ynx¿ klg t/fO{df /x]sf 5g\ . oxfF ko{6gsf] klg /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{F a;]sf] k|b]zsf d'Vo d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿ s] s] x'g\ < To:tf lj|mofsnfksf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . @= tnsf] tflnsfdf cfjZos hfgsf/L vf]h]/ eg{'xf];\ M k|b]z d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfk hfgsL dlGb/
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 116 cEof; != kf7af6 pko'St hfgsf/L vf]h]/ tnsf] tflnsf k"/f ug'{xf];\ M ljz]iftf k|b]z s= cUnf lxdfn / sl7g e"uf]n ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v= ^)) ld6/ prfO;Ddsf] e"efu ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u= d"Vo k];f kj{tf/f]x0f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3= g]kfnsf] cGg e08f/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ª= g]kfnsf] %&=%Ü e"efu ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ r= lj/f6gu/ / jL/uGh ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M s= xfd|f] b]zsf d'Vo cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . v= lxdfnL k|b]zsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf s:tf] 5 < u= kxf8L If]qsf d'Vo d'Vo afnLx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . 3= t/fO{nfO{ lsg g]kfnsf] cGg e08f/ elgG5 < ª= xfd|f] b]zsf d'Vo Jofkfl/s gfsfx¿ s'g–s'g x'g\ < tL s'g k|b]zdf /x]sf 5g\ < kl/of]hgf sfo{ tnsf] g]kfnsf] gS;f tkfO{Fsf] pQ/k'l:tsfdf ptf/L lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ k|b]zdf x'g] cfly{s lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;ª\s]t ug{'xf];\ .
117 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % xfd|f] b]zleq pTkfbg ePsf j:t' tyf ;fdfgnfO{ :jb]zL pTkfbg elgG5 . o:tf j:t'sf] pTkfbgaf6 ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ k|z:t nfe x'G5 . :jb]zL j:t'sf] pTkfbg;Fu} xfd|f] pGglt x'G5 . xfdL xfd|f] Ifdtfcg';f/sf ;fdfg ahf/df kfpF5f}F . :jb]zL j:t'sf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbg;s] b]zd} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf x'G5 . :jb]zL d'b|f aflx/ hfg kfpFb}g . xfdLn] b}lgs ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ nQfsk8f, vfB kbfy{, efF8fs'F8f, v]nf}gf, kmnkm"n, t/sf/Lnufot ;fdfg ;s];Dd :jb]zL g} 5fGg'k5{ . xfd|f] b]zdf 7'nf pBf]u 5}gg\ . xfdLnfO{ rflxg] ;a} ;fdfg g]kfnd} pTkfbg u/]/ k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf 5}g . kfP;Dd g]kfnL j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] k|of]uaf6 xfd|f] k|frLg snf, ;+:s[lt / l;ksf] ;d]t hu]gf{ x'G5 . Pp6f ;r]t gful/ssf x}l;otn] xfdL ljBfyL{n] klg cfºgf 3/kl/jf/, gftfuf]tf, Oi6ldq, tyf 5/l5d]sLnfO{ ;d]t o; s'/fdf ;r]t u/fpg'k5{ . a9\bf] km];g / lj1fkgsf sf/0f xfd|f df}lns j:t' nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . JolSt tyf b]zsf nflu ;d]t of] afgL /fd|f] xf]Og . To;f] eP :jb]zL j:t'sf] k|of]uaf6 s] kmfObf x'G5 t eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . o;sf nflu tnsf jfSo cWoog u/f}F M @ b]zsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 eO{ cfDbfgL;d]t a9\5 . @ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 x'G5 . @ xfd|f] cfºg} sRrf kbfy{sf] k|of]u x'G5 . @ pkef]Uo j:t'df cfTdlge{/ x'g ;lsG5 . kf7 %:jb]zL j:t' / ltgsf] k|of]u
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 118 @ gful/sdf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . @ pkef]Stfn] a9L u'0f:t/Lo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ df}sf kfpF5g\ . @ gofF gofF pBf]ux¿ vf]Ng pBdLx¿ tof/ x'G5g\ . @ pkef]Uo j:t'x¿sf] d"No sd x'g hfG5 . @ ahf/df pkef]Uo j:t'sf] cefj x'Fb}g . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, :jb]zL ;fdfgsf] k|of]u ;DaGwdf tnsf] ;dfrf/ cWoog u/f}F x} t . cfTdlge{/ aGb} yf¿ dlxnf k;f{sf] lh/fejfgLsL zflGt rf}w/LnfO{ cfhef]ln Psl5g km';{b 5}g . pgL laxfg} p7]/ h+un hflG5g\ / sfF; lnP/ cfpFl5g\ . To;nfO{ ;'sfP/ ljleGg /ËLg g'Onf, 8lnof, ;'Kkf, 6f]kLnufot ;fdu|L agfpFl5g\ . pgn] agfPsf tL ;fdu|L rf8af8, laxfaf/L, ;u'gnufot sfo{df k|of]udf cfpF5g\ . …o;n] yf¿ ;d'bfosf] df}lns klxrfg tyf ;+:s[lt emNsfpg dbt k'u]sf] 5,Ú rf}w/Ln] elgg\ . km';{bsf] ;dodf cfºgf] k/Dk/fut l;ksf] pkof]u ub}{ 3/fo;L k|fof]hg / ;hfj6sf ljleGg ;fdu|L a'Gg] sfdn] cfocfh{g;d]t x'g yfn]kl5 pgL Psl5g klg km';{bdf b]lvGgg\ . /fd|f] / cfsif{s l8hfOg lbg ;s] Pp6} ;fdu|L ¿ % xhf/b]lv !) xhf/;Dddf laj|mL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . yf¿ dlxnfn] agfPsf o:tf ;fdu|LnfO{ ahf/sf] ;d:of 5}g . :yfgLo /~h' rf}w/Ln] cfsif{s agfpg ;s] 3/af6} ;lhn} laj|mL x'g] atfOg\ . pgsf cg';f/ 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxsf nflu 3/ ;hfj6 ug{ / ufpF3/ cf;kf;sf xf]d:6], xf]6nsf] ;hfj6sf nflu oL ;fdu|Lsf] vf]hL x'g] u5{ . yf¿ ;d'bfodf /x]sf o:tf df}lns snf / l;k nf]kf]Gd'v ag]sf] cj:yfdf oxfFsf clwsf+z dlxnfsf] ;lj|motfdf k'gM k|jw{g x'Fb} 5 . ljleGg x:tsnfsf ;fdu|L lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{n] efiff, ;+:s[lt / klxrfg hf]ufpg d2t k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] cfocfh{gsf] ljsNk lbg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿df ;zlSts/0f klg ePsf] 5 .
119 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{Fn] 3/÷ljBfnodf k|of]u ug]{ ;fdfgx¿ sxfF ag]sf x'g\ < tnsf] tflnsfdf eg{'xf];\ . ;fdfgsf] gfd ag]sf] :yfg @= /]l8of], OG6/g]6 tyf kqklqsfsf ;xfotfn] g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|bz{g ug{'xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= s:tf] pTkfbgnfO{ :jb]zL pTkfbg elgG5 < v= :jb]zL ;fdfgsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . u= s] tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfo, If]q jf lhNndf s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg x'G5 < x'G5 eg] tL j:t'sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . 3= xfdLn] ljb]zLeGbf :jb]zL ;fdfgsf] k|of]udf a9L hf]8 lbg'k5{, lsg < ª= of] kf7sf] cWoogkl5 tkfO{Fn] s:tf ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ ;f]r agfpg'ePsf] 5 < lsg < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf cleefjsn] :jb]zL jf ljb]zL s'g ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ ?rfpg'x'G5 < pxfFx¿nfO{ ;f]w]/ pxfFx¿n] k|of]u ug]{ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . ljb]zL ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ ?rfpg] tkfO{Fsf] cleefjsnfO{ tkfO{F s;/L :jb]zL ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ ;'emfpg'x'G5 <
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 120 PsfO & xfd|f] k[YjL l;sfO pknlAw ™ ;f}o{d08n, u|x–pku|xsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro lbg, ™ k[YjLsf] agf]6sf] kl/ro lbg, ™ g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts :j¿k, xfjfkfgL, jg:klt, hg;ª\Vof / ;fdflhs hghLjg pNn]v ug{, ™ :yfgLo ljkb\sf] klxrfg ug{ / ;fjwfgLsf pkfo ckgfpg, ™ cfkm" /x]sf] k|b]zsf] gS;f ptf/ u/L cfºgf] lhNnf / :yfgLo tx b]vfpg, ™ g]kfnsf] gS;f cWoog / k|of]u ug{ . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z s0ff{nL k|b]z jfudtL k|b]z n'lDagL k|b]z u08sL k|b]z dw]z k|b]z sf]zL k|b]z
121 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % nIdL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, nlntk'/df sIff % df cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff k9fpg] lzIfs /fdgfy x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] cfh ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f}o{d08n, u|x tyf pku|xaf/] cWofkg u/fpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'ef] M– …ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, tkfO{Fn] k[YjLsf] cfsf/sf af/]df ;f]Rg'ePsf] 5 < xf], o;sf] :j¿k r]K6f] jf k"0f{ uf]nf] geO{ c08fsf/ 5 . clg slxn] hf8f] / slxn] udL{ x'G5 . lsg xf]nf < k[YjL ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ 3'Dg] sf/0fn] ubf{ o:tf] ePsf] xf] . of] 3'Dg] af6f] ;f]emf] geO{ c08fsf/ 5 . ;"o{ Ps tf/f xf] . o;n] xfdL a;]sf] k[YjLnfO{ k|sfz / tfk lbG5 . k[YjL 3'd]/ ;"o{sf] glhs k'U5 . xfdL udL{ dx;'; ub{5f}F / k[YjL ;"o{af6 6f9f k'Ubf lr;f] x'G5 . ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ 3'Dg] s] k[YjL dfq xf ] < xf ]Og . k [YjL ;"o {sf ] Ps u |x xf ] . ;"o {sf ] jl/kl/ 3'Dg ] o:tf lk08nfO { u |x elgG5 . o:tf u |x * cf ]6f 5g \ . To; } u/L u |xx¿sf klg jl/kl/ 3'Dg ] lk08 5g \ . ltgnfO { pku |x elgG5 . o;/L ;"o {sf ] kl/j |mdf ug ] { u |x / pku |xx¿sf ] ;du | kl/jf/nfO { ;f }o {d08n -Solar System_ elgG5 . ;f }o {d08nsf ] s ]Gb |sf ¿kdf ;"o { /x ]sf ] 5 . ;"o{;Fu cfkm"lt/ tfGg] ljz]if zlSt x'G5 . ToxL zlStsf sf/0f u|xx¿n] ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf u5{g\ . ca xfdL ;f}o{d08nsf cf7 cf]6f u|xnfO{ lrgf}F x} t . kf7 ! ;f}o{d08n, u|x / pku|x ;f}o{d08n
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 122 s= a'w -Mercury_ d a'w u|x . d ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] u|x x'F . d ;f}o{d08nsf] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] u|x klg x'F . d]/f] s'g} pku|x 5}gg\ . dnfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ ** lbg nfU5 . tkfO{Fn] dnfO{ ljxfg / a]n'sLkv gfËf] cfFvfn] ;d]t b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 . ToxL eP/ dWo /ftdf dnfO{ b]Vg ;lsFb}g . ;"o{af6 ;aeGbf glhs b"/Ldf eP tfklg d ;a}eGbf tftf] u|x eg] xf]Og . v= z'j|m -Venus_ d z'j|m u|x . ;"o{af6 bf];|f] glhssf] u|xsf ¿kdf d /x]sf] 5' . d]/f] klg pku|xx¿ 5}gg\ . k[YjL;Fu glhs ePsfn] dnfO{ tkfO{Fx¿n] laxfgsf] ;dodf k"j{df / a]n'sf ;"o{ c:tfpg] a]nfdf klZrddf b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 . t;y{ dnfO{ laxfg / a]n'sfsf] tf/f eg]/ ;d]t dflg;x¿n] lrG5g\ . d]/f] cfsf/ k[YjL;Fu ldNg] ePsfn] dnfO{ k[YjLsf] h'DNofxf u|x klg elgG5 . dnfO{ Ps k6s ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ @@% lbg nfU5 . d]/f] jftfj/0fdf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqf a9L x'gfsf] ;fy} tfk zf]ifs ;Nˆo'l/s Pl;8 ;d]tsf] sf/0fn] d ;aeGbf tftf] u|xsf] ¿kdf lrlgG5' . d]/f] ;txsf] tfkqmd nueu $&% l8u|L ;]lN;o; 5 . u= k[YjL -Earth_ ;"o{af6 t];|f] glhssf] u|xsf ¿kdf d /x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ lgnf] u|xsf gfdn] ;d]t dflg;x¿n] lrG5g\ . d ;f}o{d08nsf] kfFrf}F 7'nf] u|x x'F . tkfO{Fx¿ a;f]af; ug]{ u|x d} x'F . deGbf cGt st} dfgjsf] a;f]af;sf nflu pko'St
123 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % :yfg clxn];Dd km]nf k/]sf] 5}g . d]/f] Ps dfq pku|x rGb|df /x]sf] 5 . d]/f] pTklQ nueu $=% c/a jif{cufl8 ePsf] dflgG5 . dnfO{ ;"o{sf] Ps kmGsf] nufpg #^% lbg ^ 306f nfU5 . o;nfO{ tkfO{Fx¿ Ps jif{ eg]/ lrGg'x'G5 . d]/f] jftfj/0fdf &*Ü gfO6«f]hg, @!Ü clS;hg / cGo Uof;x¿ !Ü /x]sf 5g\ . dnfO{ & cf]6f dxfb]z -clk|msf, cG6fs{l6sf, Plzof, o'/f]k, ci6«]lnof, pQ/ cd]l/sf / blIf0f cd]l/sf_ df afFl8Psf] 5 . oL ;ftcf]6f dxfb]zx¿nfO{ kfFrcf]6f 7"nf dxf;fu/x¿n] 3]/]sf 5g\ . 3= dª\un -Mars_ d]/f] gfd dª\un u|x xf] . d ;"o{af6 rf}yf] glhssf] u|x x'F . d]/f] /ª lkmSsf /ftf] 5 . To;sf/0f dnfO{ dflg;x¿n] /ftf] u|xsf ¿kdf lrG5g\ . d]/f b'O{ cf]6f pku|x 5g\ . xfn;Dd ;a}eGbf w]/} cWoog ul/Psf] u|x d g} x'F . dnfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ ^*& lbg nfU5 . d]/f] jftfj/0f sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, cfu{g, gfO6«f]hg, clncln clS;hg tyf kfgLsf] jfkm ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . ª= j[x:klt -Jupiter_ d ;f}o{d08nsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] u|x x'F . d k[YjLeGbf 6f9f / ;"o{af6 kfFrf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5' . d d'Vou/L xfO8«f]hg / lxlnod ljleGg Uof; ldn]/ ag]sf] 5' . d]/f] ljleGg cfsf/sf &( cf]6f pku|x /x]sf 5g\ . u|xx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L d]/f pku|xx¿ 5g\ . d ;f}o{d08ndf ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] lbg x'g] u|x klg x'F . dnfO{ ;"o{sf] Ps kmGsf] nufpg !!=*^ jif{ nfU5 .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 124 r= zlg -Saturn_ d ;f}o{d08nsf] bf];|f] 7'nf] u|x x'F . b"/Lsf lx;fan] ;"o{af6 d 5}6f}F 6f9f /x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ kx]Fnf] u|x klg eg]/ dflg;x¿n] lrG5g\ . d]/f ^@ cf]6f pku|x /x]sf 5g\ . dnfO{ Ps k6s ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ @(=$^ jif{ nfU5 . d]/f] aflx/kl§ tkfO{Fx¿n] tLg cf]6f rlDsnf /ËLg rSsf b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 . o;sf/0f dnfO{ ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ u|xsf ¿kdf klg dflg;n] lrG5g\ . 5= c?0f -Uranus_ d ;f}o{d08nsf] t];|f] 7'nf] u|x x'F . d ;"o{af6 ;ftf}F 6f9f /x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ xl/of] u|x eg]/ klg dflg;x¿n] lrG5g\ . ;"o{sf] Ps kmGsf] nufpg dnfO{ *$=)@ jif{ nfU5 . d]/f @& cf]6f pku|x 5g\ . dsxfF ;"o{ klZrdaf6 pbfpF5 . h= j?0f -Neptune_ ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf 6f9f /x]sf] d cfsf/sf cfwf/df rf}yf] 7'nf] u|x x'F . d]/f !$ cf]6f pku|x 5g\ . dnfO{ pku|xx¿n] pN6f] lbzfaf6 kl/j|mdf u5{g\ . dnfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ !^$=* jif{ nfU5 . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, dflysf u|xafx]s ;f}o{d08ndf cGo lk08;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ pku|x (Satellites) elgG5 . pku|xx¿n] ;"o{sf ;fy;fy} cfºgf] u|xsf] klg kl/j|mdf u5{g\ . xfd|f] u|x k[YjLsf] pku|xsf ¿kdf rGb|df /x]sf] 5 . pku|xx¿ k|fs[lts / s[lqd u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
125 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % c= k|fs[lts pku|xM ;f}o{d08nsf] cl:Œj;Fu} cl:Œjdf cfPsf pku|xx¿nfO{ k|fs[lts pku|x elgG5 . h:t}M rGb|df . cf= s[lqd pku|xM ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu dfgjn] k7fPsf oGq g} s[lqd pku|x x'g\ . o:tf pku|xsf] cfsf/ km/s–km/s x'G5 / ltgLx¿df h8fg ul/Psf pks/0f klg km/s–km/s x'G5g\ . logLx¿ j}1flgs vf]hcg';Gwfgsf nflu k|of]u ul/G5g\ . lj|mofsnfk != tn lbOPsf u|xx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 126 @= tnsf] tflnsfdf cfjZos hfgsf/Lx¿ eg{'xf];\ M u|xsf] gfd ;"o{nfO{ kl/j|mdf ug{ nfUg] ;do pku|xsf] ;ª\Vof ;"o{af6 glhssf] j|md cEof; != tnsf tYosf cfwf/df u|xx¿ cGbfh u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M s= ;a}eGbf 7'nf] u|x ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v= ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] u|x ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u= /ftf] u|x ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3= dfgjsf] cl:tTj ePsf] u|x ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ª= aflx/kl§ l/ª ePsf] u|x ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= xfd|f] ;f}o{d08ndf slt cf]6f u|x 5g\ < v= s'g u|xsf ;a}eGbf a9L pku|x /x]sf 5g\ < u= ;"o{sf] ;a}eGbf l56f] kl/j|mdf ug]{ u|x s'g xf] < 3= k[YjLsf] pku|xsf] gfd s] xf] < ª= pku|xx¿ slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ < 5f]6s/Ldf ltgLx¿sf] JofVof ug{'xf];\ . r= lsg ;a} u|xn] ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf u5{g\ < kl/of]hgf sfo{ OG6/g]6sf ;xfotfn] kf7df 5nkmn ul/Psf * cf]6} u|xsf af/]df cgf}7f hfgsf/Lx¿ vf]h]/ ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . tkfO{Fsf] ;"rL ;fyL;Fu t'ngf ug{'xf];\ .
127 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % xfdLn] cl3Nnf] kf7df k[YjL ;f}o{d08nsf] Ps ;b:o xf] eGg] s'/f yfxf kfof}F . o; kf7df xfdL k[YjLsf] agfj6af/] 5nkmn ug]{ 5f}F . k[YjL k"0f{ ¿kdf uf]nf] geO{ c08fsf/ :j¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . s] tkfO{Fx¿n] Unf]a b]Vg'ePsf] 5 < xf], k[YjL ToxL cfsf/sf] 5 . xfdLn] k[YjLsf] cfs[ltnfO{ pl;g]sf] cG8f;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;S5f}F . cG8fsf] aflx/L s8f ;]tf] efunfO{ k[YjLsf] aflx/L efu cyf{t xfdL a;]sf] efu;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 . o; efunfO{ :ynd08n eg]/ lrlgG5 . To:t} cG8fsf] ;]tf] leqL efunfO{ k[YjLsf] dWod08n / cG8fsf] ;a}eGbf leqL kx]Fnf] efunfO{ s]Gb|d08n dfGg ;lsG5 . dfly 5nkmn ul/Psf tLg cf]6f txnfO{ tnsf] lrqaf6 k|:6 kfg{ ;lsG5 . dflysf tLg cf]6f leGgfleGg} txx¿sf] JofVof ca cWoog u/f}F x} . s= :ynd08n -Lithosphere_ k[YjLsf] ;a}eGbf aflx/sf] txnfO{ :ynd08n jf afXod08n elgG5 . o;nfO{ crust klg elgG5 . k[YjLsf] !Ü efu dfq :ynd08nsf] efu xf] . of] 7fpFcg';f/ ^) b]lv !)) lsnf]ld6/ leq;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . of] sd 3gTj kf7 @k[YjLsf] agf]6
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 128 ePsf kbfy{n] ag]sf] x'G5 . oxfF l;lnsf / cNd'lgod h:tf xn'sf vlgh kbfy{ kfOG5g\ . oxL txdf ljleGg ;ft cf]6f Kn]6df k[YjLnfO{ ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . tL Kn]6sf rnfO{ -movement_ sf sf/0f ;l~rt zlStsf sf/0f e"sDk tyf Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6 h:tf k|fs[lts ljklQ b]vf k5{g\ . oxfFsf] cg'dflgt tfkdfg $)) b]lv *))) l8u|L ;]lN;o;;Dd /x]sf] 5 . xfdL a;]sf] efunfO{ hLjd08n -biospehere_ elgG5 . xfdL a;]sf] :yfgeGbf dfly xfjfn] 9fs]sf] efunfO{ jfo'd08n -atomsphere_ elgG5 . To:t} k[YjLdf kfgLn] 9fs]sf] efunfO{ hnd08n -hydrosphere_ elgG5 . v= dWod08n -Pyrosphere_ :ynd08neGbf leqsf] efunfO{ dWod08n elgG5 . :ynd08n / s]Gb|d08nlarsf] efu g} dWod08n xf] . o; txnfO{ mantle klg elgG5 . o; txdf u|]gfO6, a];fN6, DofUg]l;od tyf l;lns]6 h:tf vlgh j:t' kfOG5g\ . k[YjLsf] nueu *$Ü efu o; txdf k5{ . o;sf] ulx/fO !@)) lsnf]ld6/b]lv @()) lsnf]ld6/;Dd /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] dflyNnf] txdf nrsbf/ kbfy{ / tNnf] efudf cw{ t/n cj:yfsf kbfy{ kfOG5g\ . oxfFsf] tfkj|md cg'dflgt @()) b]lv #&)) l8u|L ;]lN;o; /x]sf] 5 . u= s]Gb|d08n -Barysphere_ k[YjLsf] ;a}eGbf leqL efunfO{ s]Gb|d08n cyf{t Core elgG5 . o; efudf ;a}eGbf uxlsnf / tf}n a9L ePsf j:t' kfOG5g\ . oxfF lgs]n / kmnfd h:tf vlgh kfOG5g\ . s]Gb|d08nn] k[YjLsf] nueu !%Ü efu cf]u6\5 . o;sf] df]6fO sl/a @()) b]lv ^#*) lsnf]ld6/ hlt 5 eg] tfkj|md $))) l8u|L ;]lN;o;eGbf dfly /x]sf] 5 . lj|mofsnfk != Pp6f pl;g]sf] cG8f lng'xf];\ . To;sf] aflx/L s8f efu, larsf] ;]tf] efu / ;aeGbf leqsf] kx]Fnf] efunfO{ k[YjLsf ljleGg tLg cf]6f efu;Fu t'ngf ug{'xf];\ .
129 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % @= sIffsf ;fyLx¿ tLg cf]6f ;d"xdf ljeflht x'g'xf];\ . k[YjLsf tLg cf]6f ;+/rgf Ps Ps cf]6f lng'xf];\ . cfcfºgf] ;+/rgfaf/] lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L 6f]nLg]tfdfkm{t sIffdf lgrf]8 k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= k[YjLsf] agf]6nfO{ lrq;lxt b]vfpg'xf];\ . v= k[YjLsf] cfGtl/s agf]6sf txx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . u= :ynd08nn] k[YjLsf] slt k|ltzt efu cf]u6]sf] 5 < 3= s]Gb|d08n s]af6 ag]sf] 5 < ª= k[YjLnfO{ s;/L pl;g]sf] cG8f;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 <
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 130 k[YjL pRr dfWolds ljBfno, l;/xfdf sIff % df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff cWofkg ug]{ lzIfs /fd]Zj/ dxtf] x'g'x'G5 . ufpFkflnsfsf] cfof]hgfdf l5d]sL ;'Gb/ dfWolds ljBfnodf ;fdflhs k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . lzIfsn] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|bz{gLdf n}hfg] eGg' ePsf] 5 . pSt sfo{j|mddf hfg] ;"rgf kfPkl5 ljBfyL{x¿ lgs} pT;flxt ePsf 5g\ . sfo{j|mdsf] lbg, klxnf] 306Ldf xflh/L u/]/ ljBfyL{x¿ sfo{j|mdtkm{ nfu] . sfo{j|md :yndf cjnf]sgstf{sf] le8 lyof] . lgs}a]/ nfOg a;]kl5 pgLx¿sf] kfnf] cfof] . k|bz{gLdf ljleGg :6n /flvPsf lyP . :6n g+= ! – g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns agf]6 gd:sf/, d ljsf; rf}w/L . oxfFx¿nfO{ xfd|f] :6ndf xflb{s :jfut 5 . xfdL oxfF g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts :j¿kaf/] k|:t't ub{5f}F . of] lrqdf x]g{';\ t, g]kfnnfO{ tLg cf]6f ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . ;aeGbf dflyNnf] e"efu lxdfnL k|b]z xf] . #))) ld6/dflysf] e"efunfO{ lxdfnL kf7 #g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts :j¿k / xfjfkfgL
131 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % k|b]z eg]/ lrlgG5 . oxfF cUnf–cUnf kxf8 tyf lxdfn /x]sf 5g\ . pRr lxdfnL If]qdf jif{el/ g} lxpFn] 9fs]sf] x'G5 . ;b}j lr;f] / lxdkft;d]t eO/xg] x'gfn] oxfFsf] hghLjg lgs} si6s/ x'G5 . oxL lxdfnL k|b]zdf ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfnufot lxdz[ª\vnf;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . of] k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] @%=%Ü e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . lxdfnL k|b]zsf] d'lGt/ kxf8L k|b]z /x]sf] 5 . ;d'b| ;txb]lv ^)) ld6/b]lv #))) ld6/;Ddsf] e"efunfO{ kxf8L k|b]zsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf w]/} If]q cyf{t %&=%Ü e"efu kxf8L k|b]zn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . oxfF xf]rf kxf8, pkTosf, a]F;L / r'/] If]qnufot If]q kb{5g\ . hldg le/fnf] eP klg a;f]af;sf nflu oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL lgs} pko'St 5 . a]F;Ldf wfg / cGo If]qdf ds}, cfn'nufot cGo afnLx¿ pTkfbg x'G5g\ . ljleGg hftsf af]6la?jfn] 9fs]sf xf]rfcUnf cfsif{s kxf8 b]lvG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] If]qdf ;dy/ e"efu /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ t/fO{ k|b]z elgG5 . t/fO{ k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] !&Ü e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . ;dy/ e"uf]n dflg;sf] a;f]af;sf nflu ;xh eP klg oxfF lgs} udL{ x'G5 . cGo k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf oxfFsf] ljsf; a9L ePsf sf/0f dflg;x¿ a;fOF ;/L cfpg] j|md klg lgs} 5 . kmn:j¿k oxfF hg;ª\Vofsf] rfk lgs} 5 . oxfFsf] df6fdf pAhgL k|z:t dfqfdf x'G5 . To;sf/0f g]kfnsf] t/fO{ k|b]znfO{ b]zsf] cGg e08f/sf ¿kdf klg lrlgG5 . :6n g+= @ – g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL gd:sf/, d OlGb/f hf]zL . oxfFx¿nfO{ xfd|f] :6ndf xflb{s :jfut 5 . xfdL oxfFx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg uO/x]sf 5f}F . k|fb]lzs cj:yfsf cfwf/df g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL klg tLg lsl;dsf] 5 . s= 7G8f xfjfkfgLM g]kfnsf] lxdfnL tyf pRr kxf8L If]qdf 7G8f xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . oxfF ;b}j lxpF kl//xg] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;w}F lr;f] x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOg] If]qdf sd jiff{ x'G5 .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 132 v= Gofgf] xfjfkfgLM g]kfnsf] kxf8L k|b]zdf Gofgf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . of] xfjfkfgL kfOg] If]qdf hf8fdf w]/} hf8f] x'Fb}g / udL{df klg w]/} udL{ gx'g] x'gfn] dfgj a;f]af;sf nflu of] xfjfkfgL lgs} pko'St dflgG5 . u= udL{ xfjfkfgLM d'Vo u/L of] xfjfkfgL g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf kfOg] eP klg r'/] If]q / leqL dw];df ;d]t kfOG5 . of] If]qsf] tfkj|md udL{df $)–$@ ‚ l8u|L;Dd klg k'Ug] u5{ . jiff{tsf] ;dodf k|z:t dfqfdf jiff{ x'G5 eg] udL{ ;dodf tftf] xfjf -n'_ ;d]t rn]/ hghLjgnfO{ k|efljt kf5{ . :6n g+= # – g]kfnsf] df6f] cfbf/0fLo lzIfs tyf Kof/f ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿, Gofgf] gd:sf/ . d ljdnf >Ljf:tj . cfh d xfd|f] :6ndf tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ g]kfndf kfOg] df6f]sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] 5' . oxfF tkfO{Fx¿n] g]kfndf kfOg] df6f]sf k|sf/sf] gd'gf;d]t b]Vg'x'g] 5 . g]kfn ef}uf]lns ljljwtfo'St b]z ePsfn] oxfFsf] df6f] klg km/s–km/s 5 . oxfFsf] df6f]nfO{ d'Vo u/L kfFr k|sf/df afF8\g ;lsG5 . s= kfFuf] df6f]M gbLn] aufP/ NofP/ y'kf/]sf] df6f], afn'jf tyf emf/kft;d]t ldn]/ ag]sf] df6f] kfFuf] df6f] xf] . o;df r'g, km:kmf]/; tyf kf]6f; cflb tŒj kfOG5 . o; k|sf/sf] df6f] t/fO{ / a]F;Ldf kfOG5 . of] s[lif sfo{sf nflu lgs} /fd|f] x'G5 . v= anf}6] kTyl/nf] df6f]M of] kxf8af6 em/]sf gbLn] aufP/ NofPsf] afn'jf, sª\s8 tyf kTy/ cflb ldn]/ ag]sf] df6f] xf] . dlnnf] df6f]sf] cg'kft / h}ljs kbfy{ sd x'G5 . kfgL gc8\g] x'gfn] of] df6fdf vf;} pAhfp x'Fb}g . ;fn, l;;f}nufot jg:klt eg] of] df6fdf ;lk|G5g\ . g]kfnsf] r'/], efj/ / leqL dw];df o; lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5 . u= /ftf] km';|] df6f]M kxf8L If]qdf ljleGg sf/0fn] kq] r§fgx¿ 6'lj|mP/ r§fgdf ;8]sf emf/kft ldn]/ of] df6f] aGb5 . of] df6f]df h}ljs kbfy{ / kmnfdsf] dfqf sd x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] /ª /ftf] km';|f] k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
133 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % of] df6f]sf] ulx/fO sd x'g] x'gfn] afnLgfnL vf;} ;lk|Fb}g . sf]bf], ds}, kmnkm"n, kmfk/nufotsf afnL eg] pTkfbg x'G5g\ . 3= tn}of df6f]M tfn ;'s]/ ag]sf] df6f] tn}of df6f] xf] . k|z:t dfqfdf emf/kft cflb ;8]/ ldl;Psf] x'Fbf of] df6f]sf] /ª sfnf] x'G5 . o;df df6f]sf] ulx/fO a9L x'G5 . of] kf]if0fo'St x'g] ePsfn] oxfF v]tLafnL /fd|f] x'G5 . kfgLsf] dfqf sd eP klg v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . sf7df8f}Fdf o; lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5 . ª= lxdfnL df6f]M lxdfnL If]qdf lxdgbLn] y'kf/]sf] afn'jf, sª\s8 tyf kTy/ cflb ldn]/ ag]sf] df6f] lxdfnL df6f] xf] . g]kfnsf] leqL lxdfnL If]q tyf lxdfnsf] km]bLdf o; lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5 . pj{/fzlSt sd eP klg cfn', kmfk/, hf} h:tf afnL oxfF pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . :6n g+= $ – g]kfnsf gbLgfnfx¿ gd:sf/, d ljh]tf e§ . d tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ xfd|f] :6ndf xflb{s :jfut ug{ rfxG5' . d oxfFx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] hn;|f]tsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbFb} 5' . g]kfn hn;Dkbfdf wgL 5 . g]kfndf ;fgf7'nf u/L nueu ^))) hlt gbLgfnf 5g\ . xhf/f}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf tfntn}of, l;d;f/ If]q tyf tftf]kfgLsf ;|f]t 5g\ . lxpFn] 9fs]sf pRr lxdz[ª\vnfaf6 pTkGg x'g] lxdgbL, gbL, lxdtfn, tfn tyf hldgd'lgsf] kfgL xfd|f] hn;|f]t xf] . g]kfnsf gbLgfnfx¿ g]kfnsf gbLx¿df ;Ktsf];L ;a}eGbf 7'nf] gbL xf] . of] ;ft cf]6f gbL ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . To:t} s0ff{nL g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] gbL xf] . To;} u/L ;Ktu08sL gbL csf]{ 7'nf] gbL xf] . oL tLg} gbLnfO{ xfdL klxnf] :t/sf gbL eg]/ lrG5f}F . oL gbL lxdfnaf6 ;'? eP/ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf aUg] u5{g\ . lxdfno kj{teGbf tnsf] dxfef/t kj{t >]0fLaf6 ;'? eO{ lg/Gt/ aUg] t/ lxpFbsf] ;dodf kfgLsf] k|jfx 36\g] lsl;dsf gbLnfO{ bf];|f] :t/sf gbL eg]/ lrlgG5 . h:t} d]rL, ltgfp, jf0fuËf gbL cflb .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 134 r'/] kxf8af6 ;'? eO{ dg;'gsf] ;dodf lgs} 7'nf] ¿kdf /x] klg lxpFbdf nueu ;'Sg] lsl;dsf gbLnfO{ t];|f] :t/sf gbL eg]/ lrlgG5 . o;/L cyfx ¿kdf /x]sf] hn;DkbfnfO{ plrt ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;s] ljB't\ pTkfbg, lkpg] kfgL tyf l;FrfOnufotdf xfdL nfe lng ;S5f}F . xfd|f tfntn}ofx¿ oL gbLsf cnfjf g]kfndf xhf/f}F ;ª\Vofdf tfntn}of klg 5g\ . ljZjs} ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] ltlnrf] tfn dgfª lhNnfdf k5{ . g]kfns} 7'nf] /f/f tfn d'u' lhNnfdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} km]jftfn, a]ugf; tfn, ¿kf tfn, R5f]/f]Nkf tfn, dfO{kf]v/L, uf];fOFs'08nufot k|fs[lts tfnsf cltl/St dfgj lgld{t OGb| ;/f]j/;d]t oxfF /x]sf 5g\ . oL tfn ko{6g tyf cGo cfDbfgLsf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf af]s]sf xfd|f ;DklQ x'g\ . lj|mofsnfk != g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ljefhgsf] gS;f vf]hL u/L sIffsf] leQfdf 6fF:g'xf];\ . kfnf] ub}{ g]kfnsf] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ k|b]zsf ljz]iftfdfly 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ . @= sIffsf ;fyLx¿ rf/ ;d"xdf afFl8g'xf];\ . sIffaf6 aflx/ lgl:sg'xf];\ / lgDg tflnsfsf cfwf/df cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ . cjnf]sgkl5 k|fKt lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ M cjnf]sg u/]sf] :yfgsf] k|fs[lts :j¿k ToxfFsf] xfjfkfgL ToxfFsf gbLgfnf / tfntn}of df6f]sf] k|sf/
135 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % cEof; != vfnL 7fpFdf pko'St hfgsf/L eg{'xf];\ M s= ef}uf]lns lx;fan] g]kfnnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . v= kxf8L k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ If]q cf]u6]sf] 5 . u= t/fO{ k|b]znfO{ g]kfnsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ sf ¿kdf ;d]t lrlgG5 . 3= g]kfndf d'Vo u/L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . ª= tn}of df6f]sf] /ª ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . r= lxdfn ;|f]t eO{ aUg] gbLx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ :t/sf gbL x'g\ . @= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M s= ef}uf]lns lx;fan] g]kfnnfO{ slt k|b]zdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < ltgsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . v= g]kfnsf] kxf8L k|b]zdf s'g k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 < u= g]kfdf slt cf]6f gbL /x]sf 5g\ < 3= g]kfnsf] df6f]nfO{ slt k|sf/df afFl8Psf] 5 < ª= klxnf] :t/sf gbL eg]/ s'g–s'g gbLnfO{ lrlgG5 < r= xfd|f] hn;|f]tnfO{ s] s]df pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 < ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . kl/of]hgf sfo{ sIffsf ;fyLx¿ tgL cf]6f ;d"xdf afFl8g'xf];\ . klxnf] ;d"xn] g]kfnsf] lxdfnL k|b]z, bf];|f] ;d"xn] kxf8L k|b]z / t];|f] ;d"xn] t/fO{ k|b]zsf af/]df yk hfgsf/L vf]hL u/L sIffdf ;d"xut ¿kdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 136 /fdnfnsf] 3/ ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd glhs} k5{ . pgL sIff % sf h]xgbf/ 5fq x'g\ . sIffdf lzIfsn] g]kfnsf] jg;Dkbfaf/] ef]lnsf] sIffdf 5nkmn ug]{ eg]/ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . /fdnfnnfO{ o;af/] hfGg pT;'stf hfUof] . a]n'sL pgn] lj/f6gu/ jg sfof{nodf sfo{/t cfºgf afafnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ hfgsf/L lng] lg0f{o u/] . -6]lnkmf]gsf] 306L aH5 ._ afafM x]Nnf] . /fdnfnM x]Nnf], afaf . gd:sf/ . afafM gd:sf/, afa' . cf/fd 5f} < /fdnfnMcf/fd 5' afaf . clg tkfO{FnfO{ s:tf] 5 < afafM dnfO{ klg l7s 5, afa' . clg ltd|f] k9fO s:tf] rln/x]sf] 5 t < /fdnfnM/fd|f] 5, afaf . ev{/} bf];|f] q}dfl;s k/LIffsf] glthf cfof] . clg, yfxf 5, d}n] ;a} ljifodf A+ NofP/ k|yd :yfg xfl;n u/]F lg . /fdnfnMcf]xf], slt /fd|f] va/ Û ltdLn] cfufdL lbgdf klg o:t} glthf NofPsf] ;'Gg kfpFm x} . /fdnfnM x'G5, afaf . d cjZo sf]l;; ug]{ 5' . afaf, dnfO{ Pp6f lh1f;f d]6fpg'kg]{ lyof] . ;f]w"F < afafM eg g . /fdnfnM ef]ln ;/n] sIffdf g]kfnsf] jg;Dkbfaf/] 5nkmn ug]{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ o;af/] hfGg] OR5f eof] . s] tkfO{F dnfO{ o;af/] s]xL hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg'x'G5 < afafM eOxfN5, lg afa' . g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] $)=#^ k|ltzt If]q jghËnn] 9fs]sf] 5 . h}ljs ljljwtf / kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] kf7 $xfd|f] jg;Dkbf
137 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % ;+/If0f ug{ !@ cf]6f /fli6«o lgs'~h, Pp6f jGohGt' cf/If / Pp6f l;sf/ cf/If 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . /fdnfnM P . afafM To:t} g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL tyf jghËnsf] ljljwtfsf cfwf/df g]kfnsf] jgnfO{ kfFr efudf afFl8Psf] 5 . /fdnfnM tL s] s] x'g\ t, afaf < afafM d atfpF5' lg . klxnf] xf], pi0f ;bfaxf/ jg . of] jg ;d'b| ;txb]lv !@)) ld6/sf] prfO;Dd kfOG5 . oxfF k|z:t jiff{ / udL{ x'g] x'gfn] oxfFsf ¿v cUnf, df]6f / ;bfaxf/ k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . /fdnfnM P . eg]kl5 t/fO{ If]qsf] jg of] pi0f ;bfaxf/ jgsf] k|sf/ /x]5, xf]Og t < afafM xf] lg . oxfFsf] jghËndf af3, xfQL, cgf{, u}F8f / uf]xL h:tf hLjhGt' kfOG5g\ . /fdnfnM jgsf] of] k|sf/ t d}n] dhfn] a'em]F . ca csf]{ k|sf/sf af/]df klg atfpg';\ g . afafM bf];|f] k|sf/sf] jgnfO{ ktem/ jg elgG5 . ;d'b| ;txaf6 !@)) ld6/b]lv @!)) ld6/;Dd of] jg kfOG5 . lxpFbsf] ;dodf kftx¿ em/L phf8 x'g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ ktem/ hËn elgPsf] xf] . /fdnfnM plQ; o;sf] pbfx/0f xf] t, afaf < afafM xf] lg . o;sf ;fy} ;Nnf], b]jbf?, s6';, rfFk cflb klg o; If]qdf kfOg] jg:klt x'g\ . /fdnfnM afaf, tL n]slt/ kfOg] sf]0f cfsf/sf ¿vx¿nfO{ rflxF jgsf] s'g k|sf/df /fVg ;lsG5 lg < afafM P, ltgLx¿ sf]0fwf/L jg x'g\ . o:tf] jg ;d'b| ;txaf6 sl/a @!))
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 138 b]lv ##)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOG5 . w]/}h;f] ;do lr;f] x'g] / lxpFbdf lxpF kg]{ ePsfn] ¿vx¿ 7'nf x'Fb}gg\ . oxfF w'kL / ;Nnf] hftsf af]6la?jf kfOG5g\ . s'/f a'‰b} 5f} lg < /fdnfnM a'‰b} 5', afaf . afafM jgsf] csf]{ k|sf/nfO{ n]sfnL jg elgG5 . of] jg ;d'b| ;txb]lv sl/a ##)) b]lv %))) ld6/ prfO;Dd kfOG5 . a9L lr;f] :yfgdf x'g] ePsfn] oL hftsf ¿vx¿ kf]y|f / emf8L dfq x'G5g\ . jgsf] clGtd k|sf/ rflxF 6'G8«f xf] . /fdnfnM afaf, d}n] t gfd /fd|f];Fu a'lemgF lg . afafM P, 6'G8«f . of] ;d'b| ;txb]lv %))) ld6/dfly kfOG5 . jif}{el/ lxpF hld/xg] ePsfn] oxfF jg:kltx¿ kfOFb}gg\ . sfO, n]p tyf ‰ofp cflb oxfF kfOg] jg:klt x'g\ . /fdnfnM afafn] t slt dHhfn] s'/f a'emfOlbg'ef] . d ef]ln ;fyLx¿nfO{ sIffdf oL s'/f atfpF5' . afafM x'G5, afa' . ltdLn] ga'em]sf cGo s'/f s]xL 5g\ eg] km]l/ klg ;f]Wg ;S5f} . s]xL 5 t afFsL < /fdnfnM 5}g, afaf . afafM /fd|f]l;t k9\g" x} t . n, clxn]nfO{ /fv]F n . /fdnfnM x'G5, afaf . lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{F s'g ef}uf]lns k|b]zdf a;f]af; ug{'x'G5 < ToxfF kfOg] jgsf] k|sf/ s] xf] < To;sf ljz]iftf / ToxfF kfOg] hLjhGt'af/] ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .
139 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % @= tkfO{Fsf] 3/÷ljBfno j/k/sf] hËn cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ / tnsf] tflnsfdf cfjZos hfgsf/L eg{'xf];\ M jg:kltsf] ljj/0f kQf nfu]sf s'/fx¿ != jghËnsf] k|sf/ @= ¿vla?jfsf] gfd #= jg:klt jf la?jfsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf cEof; != jgsf k|sf/ / ltgLx¿ kfOg] prfOsf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M s= pi0f ;bfaxf/ c= %))) ld6/ v= ktem/ cf= %))) ld6/dfly u= sf]0fwf/L O= ##)) ld6/ 3= n]sfnL O{= !@)) ld6/ ª= 6'G8«f p= @!)) ld6/ @= tnsf jfSo l7s jf a]l7s s] 5g\, 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ / sf]i7sdf n]Vg'xf];\ M s= g]kfnsf] cfwf e"efudf jgIf]q /x]sf] 5 . v= jgnfO{ kfFr efudf afFl8Psf] 5 . u= kxf8L If]qdf kfOg] jgnfO{ pi0f ;bfaxf/ jg elgG5 . 3= pRr lxdfnL If]qdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] jg:klt kfOFb}g . ª= ktem/ hËn ;bfaxf/ hËn xf] .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 140 ;/:jtL dflj sIff % df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿ lzIfs;Fu} cfºgf] :yfgLo txdf ePsf ljleGg hfthfltsf] ;f+:s[lts k|bz{gL cjnf]sg ug{ uP . ToxfF pgLx¿n] ljleGg hfthfltsf ;fdflhs hghLjg, j]ze"iff tyf /xg;xgaf/] hfgsf/L lng] cj;/ kfP . k|:t't 5 pgLx¿lardf ePsf] ;+jfb – lzIfsM n ljBfyL{ efOjlxgLx¿, xfdL k|bz{gL :yndf cfOk'Uof}F . xfdLn] cg'zfl;t eP/ ;s];Dd a9L hfgsf/L lng] sf]l;; ug{'k5{ x} . hfgsLM x'G5, ;/ . /fd'M cf]xf], sqf] 7'nf] ;"rgfkf6L Û lag', oxfF x]/ t . lag'M xf] /x]5 lg Û oxfF t g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof kf] b]vfPsf] /x]5 t . /ldtf, ltdL eg t, g]kfnsf] xfnsf] hg;ª\Vof slt /x]sf] 5 < /ldtfM cF=== b'O{ s/f]8 PsfgAa] nfv rf};6\7L xhf/ kfFr;o c7xQ/ To:t} k'?ifsf] hg;ª\Vof !,$@,%#,%!! -$*=(*Ü_ / dlxnfsf] hg;ª\Vof !,$(,!!,)@& -%!=@Ü_ /x]5 lg . x}g / < lag'M xf] lg . clg xfnsf] hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ )=(@Ü 5 . kf7 %g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof / ;fdflhs hghLjg If]q hg;ª\Vof jflif{s hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ -Ü_ cfjlws kl/jt{g @)^* @)&* ;ª\Vof k|ltzt sf]zL k|b]z $%#$($# $(^!$!@ )=*^ $@^$^( (=$) dw]z k|b]z %$)$!$% ^!!$^)) !=!( &!)$%% !#=!% afudtL k|b]z %%@($%@ ^!!^*^^ )=(& %*&$!$ !)=^@ u08sL k|b]z @$)#&%& @$^^$@& )=@% ^@^&) @=^! n'lDagL k|b]z $$((@&@ %!@@)&* !=@$ ^@@*)^ !#=*$ s0ff{nL k|b]z !%&)$!* !^**$!@ )=&) !!&(($ &=%! ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z @%%@%!& @^($&*# )=%@ !$@@^^ %=%& g]kfn @^$($%)$ @(!^$%&* )=(@ @^&))&$ !)=)*
141 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % /fd'M n ca leq hfcf}F . hfgsLM x'G5 . -;a} hgf leq k:5g\ ._ /fd'M pM ToxfF x]/ g slt /fd|f 8«]; nufPsf bfOlbbLx¿ Û clg slt /fd|f u/uxgf klg nufPsf . /ldtfM xf] lg . tL yf¿ hfltsf dlxnf / k'?ifx¿ x'g\ . ls d}n] unt eg]F, ;/ < lzIfsM ltdLn] l7s eGof}, /ldtf . ltgLx¿ yf¿ hfltsf] k/Dk/fut klx/gdf ;lhPsf dlxnf / k'?ifx¿ g} x'g\ . ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf g} 5, xfd|f] b]z ax';f+:s[lts, ax'wfld{s / ax'eflifs 5 . tL ;a} hfthfltsf cfcfºgf /Lltl/jfh, /xg;xg / k/Dk/f 5g\ . lag'M eg]kl5 oL hfthfltsf wd{ ;+:s[lt klg t km/s xf]nfg\ lg x}g < lzIfsM xf] lg, lag' . x/]s hfthfltsf cfºg} lsl;dsf df}lns k|yf, k/Dk/f / rf8kj{ /x]sf 5g\ . tL xfd|f df}lns ;DklQ x'g\ . /fd'M df}lns ;DklQ /] < s;/L ;/ < lag'M d atfpFm < oL ljleGg hfthfltsf ljlzi6 s'/f x]g{ eg]/ g} ljZje/af6 ko{6sx¿ g]kfn cfpF5g\ . o:tf k/Dk/f tL hfltsf klxrfg;d]t x'g\ . hfgsLM ltdLn] l7s s'/f u¥of}, lag' . g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ x/]s hfltsf cfºg} efiff klg 5g\ . g]kfn ;fgf] b]z eP/ klg oxfF !@( cf]6f efiff af]Ng] dflg; a;f]af; u5{g\ . lzIfsM slt /fd|f] s'/f u¥of}, hfgsL . xfd|f] b]zdf ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf cfwf/df ;d]t dflg;x¿sf] /xg;xg km/s 5 . /fd'M xf] / < s] tkfO{F dnfO{ o;sf] pbfx/0f lbg'x'G5, ;/ < lzIfsM h:t} lxdfnL k|b]zdf ;w}F hf8f] x'g] ePsfn] dflg;x¿ tftf vfg]s'/fx¿ vfG5g\ . pgLx¿ aSv' h:tf afSnf sk8f nufpF5g\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 142 To:t}, t/fO{ k|b]zdf ;w}F udL{ x'g] ePsfn] oxfF a;f]af; ug]{ dflg; kftnf lsl;dsf sk8f nufpF5g\ . t/fO{df dflg;x¿ k|foM wf]tL / s'tf{ nufpF5g\ . lag'M pM ToxfF x]/ t, u'?ª ;d'bfosf dflg; cfºgf] hftLo klx/gdf ;lhP/ a;]sf 5g\ clg otf bfofFlt/ rflxF lnDa" hfltsf dflg;x¿ . pgLx¿ cfºgf] hftLo afhf Rofa|'ª ahfO/x]sf 5g\ . lzIfsM xf] t lg . olt w]/} hfthflt eP klg xfdL g]kfnLsf lardf ;'dw'/ ;DaGw 5 . xfdL cfkm\gf rf8kj{df Pscsf{nfO{ af]nfpg] / cfpg]hfg] u5f}{F . hfgsLM o;nfO{ wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf elgG5, x}g / < /fd'M xf] lg . o:tf] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] pbfx/0f cGo b]zdf kfOFb}g eg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;/n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg . /ldtfM Tof] t d}n] klg ;lDem/x]sf] 5' lg . lzIfsM n gfgLafa'x¿, xfdLn] k|bz{gL cjnf]sg ul/;Sof}F . ltdLx¿n] cfh l;s]sf Ps Ps cf]6f s'/f dnfO{ atfpm x} t . /ldtfM xfd|f] b]zdf ljleGg hfthfltsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f d}n] cfh l;s]F . /ldtfM clg d}n] rflxF xfd|f] b]zdf ljleGg hfthfltsf leGgfleGg} wd{ ;+:s[lt dgfpg] dflg; a;] klg xfdLlardf ;lxi0f'tf 5 eGg] yfxf kfPF . lag'M k|To]s hfthfltsf] cfºg} ljlzi6 klxrfg /x]sf] 5 . /fd'M xfd|f hftLo klxrfg xfd|f df}lns ;DklQ x'g\ eGg] s'/f d}n] cfh l;s]F . lzIfsM :ofaf;\ . oL l;s]sf s'/f ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg atfcf] x} . nf}, t ca hfcf}F . ljBfyL{x¿M x'G5, ;/ .
143 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf s'g s'g hfthfltsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 < ltgLx¿sf lardf s:tf] ;DaGw 5 < ;fyLx¿lardf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . @= g]kfnsf] hftLo jf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf emlNsg] uLt jf sljtf n]v]/ jf vf]h]/ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M s= @)&* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof slt /x]sf] 5 < v= lsg ljZje/af6 ko{6sx¿ g]kfn cfpF5g\ < u= g]kfndf slt cf]6f efiff af]lnG5g\ < 3= s] ef}uf]lns cjl:yltn] xfd|f] /xg;xgnfO{ c;/ kf5{ < s;/L < ª= wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf eg]sf] s] xf] < kl/of]hgf sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf ljleGg hfthflt / wd{ ;+:s[lt ckgfpg] dflg; a:g'x'G5 . To:tf] ljljwtfaf/] cWoog u/L tnsf] tflnsfdf eg{'xf];\ . tkfO{Fsf] lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ M hfthfltsf] gfd af]lng] efiff wd{ klx/g / u/uxgf
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 144 36gf ! /fhgsf] 3/ a]F;Ldf k5{ . r}tsf] lbg Psflaxfg} pgn] dfly 8fF8fdf w'jfFsf] d':nf] pl8/x]sf] b]v] . tTsfn pgL Totflt/ nfu] . lgs}a]/ pgL 8fF8fdf k'u] . ToxfF pgn] :yfgLo uª\uf u'?ªsf 3/df cfunfuL ePsf] b]v] . ufpFsf dflg; sf]xL glhs} vf]N;faf6 kfgL Nofpg], sf]xL cfufdf df6f] xfNg] t sf]xL 3/df ePsf ;/;fdfg ;'/lIft ¿kdf aflx/ lgsfNg] sf]l;; ul//x]sf b]lvGy] . /fhgn] klg 3/ glhs} /x]sf ufO{a:t' km'sfP/ cln tnsf] uf]7;Dd nfg] sfddf ;xfotf u/] . s]xL ;dokl5 k|x/L klg ToxfF cfOk'u] . pgLx¿n] klg cfuf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;xfotf u/] . lgs}a]/sf] ldlxg]tkl5 cfuf] lgoGq0fdf t cfof] t/ u'?ªsf] 3/ nueu k"0f{ ¿kdf Wj:t eof] . pgsf cg';f/ gub / cGo wgdfn;d]t u/]/ nueu bz nfv a/fa/sf] Iflt eof] . uª\ufsf afa'n] r'/f]6 ;Nsfpg] j|mddf l;/sdf cfuf] ;lNsPsf] lyof] . a'9\of}nL pd]/sf pgsf afa'n] ;'?d} yfxf kfpg ;s]gg\ . 3/sf ;b:ox¿n] yfxf kfpFbf cfuf]n] ljzfn ¿k lnO;s]sf] lyof] . Hofg t hf]luof] t/ b'Mv u/]/ hf]8]sf] wgdfn ;a} gi6 ePsfdf uª\uf lgs} b'MvL eP . 36gf @ Ps lbg lnhf ljBfnoaf6 3/ kmls{Fb} lyOg\ . cfwf af6f] hlt kf/ u/]kl5 crfgs afbnn] cfsfz 9fs]/ cfof] . lah'nL klg rlDsg yfNof] . u8\ofªu'8'ª;lxt kfgL kg{ yfNof] . af6f]df cf]t nfUg] 7fpF st} gePkl5 kf7 ^ljkb\af6 arf}F
145 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % s]xL ;fyLx¿ glhs} /x]sf] cf]9f/df k;] eg] s]xL rflxF 7'nf] ¿vd'lg cf]t nfUg k'u] . jiff{ /f]lsg] 5fF6 lyPg . d]3 klg ulh{/x]sf] lyof] . crfgs 7'nf] uh{g;lxt glhs} ;fyLx¿ a;]sf] ¿vdf r6\ofª k¥of] . ¿vd'lg a;]sf ;fyLx¿ ;a} 9n]sf] b]v]/ lnhfnufot ;fyLx¿sf] ;ftf] uof] . Ps}l5gdf ;fx; a6'n]/ pgLx¿ r6\ofªn] 9n]sf ;fyLx¿ p7fpg yfn] . s;}n] d'vdf d'v hf]8]/ a]xf]; ePsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;f; lbg yfn] . sf]xL ufpFn]x¿nfO{ af]nfpg uP . Ps}l5gdf ufpFn]x¿ klg e]nf eP . s;}n] :6«]r/ agfP . s;}n] sk8f Joj:yf u/] . xtf/ xtf/ ;a} 3fOt]nfO{ glhs}sf] c:ktfndf k'¥ofP . wGg ;dod} c:ktfn k'¥ofpg ;lsPsfn] ;a}sf] Hofg aRof] . :jf:Yo ;Gb]z 8]ª\u' /f]uaf6 arf}F / arfcf}F †† 8]ª\u' /f]uaf6 aRg] pkfox¿ • nfdv'§]sf] 6f]sfOaf6 aRg' g} o; /f]uaf6 aRg] pQd pkfo xf] . • of] /f]u ;fg]{ nfdv'§]n] lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf 6f]Sg] ePsfn] cgfjZos ¿kdf aflx/ glg:sf}F . • aflx/ lg:sg' k/] k"/f lhp 9fSg] n'uf nufP/ dfq lg:sf}+F . • nfdv'§]n] uf8Lsf] k'/fgf] 6fo/leq hd]sf] kfgL, v'nf 6\ofª\sL, s'n/leq hd]sf] kfgL, udnfsf] kfgL, 6'6]km'6]sf] ufu|L, l;;f, v]/ kmfn]sf Knfl:6s, l6gsf a§f cflbdf hd]sf] kfgLdf km'n kfg]{ x'Fbf
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – % 146 pSt kfgLsf efF8fnfO{ 3f]K6\ofO{ ;'Svf kf/f}F . • au}Frf, s/];faf/L, 3/sf] 5t cflbdf /x]sf l8Aaf, efF8f, 6fo/, af]tn cflbdf hDdf ePsf] kfgL ;'Svf agfcf}F . • nfdv'§]sf] af;:yfg vf]h]/ gi6 ug]{ cleofg of] /f]usf] /f]syfd ug]{ pQd ljsNk xf] . ;|f]tM nlntk'/ d= g= kf= j8f g+= @) ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, dflg;sf] hLjgdf k|fs[lts jf dfgjLo sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g] sl7g kl/l:ylt g} ljkb\ xf] . e"sDk, af9Lklx/f], xfjfx'/L, lxdkft cflb k|fs[lts ljkb\ x'g\ . cfunfuL, s/]G6 nfUg', kfgLdf 8'Ag' h:tf ljkb\ dfgjLo q'l6sf sf/0f x'g ;S5g\ . o:tf ckt\ jf ljkb\ cgk]lIft ¿kdf cfOk5{g\ . t;y{ xfdL logLx¿af6 k"0f{ ¿kn] aRg t ;Sb}gf}F t/ ;fjwfgL eg] ckgfpg ;S5f}F . o;f] ubf{ wghgsf] Iflt sd x'g ;S5 . o;/L ljkb\af6 x'g] IfltnfO{ sd ug{ xfdL ;r]t /xg'k5{ . ;fdfGotM xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ ljkb\af6 aRg lgDgfg';f/sf pkfo ckgfpg ;lsG5 M – xfjfx'/L cfPsf a]nf kmf]g, sDKo'6/, /]l8of], l6=eL= h:tf ljB'tLo pks/0f grnfpg] . – xfjfx'/Lsf ;dodf 3/aflx/ glgl:sg] . 3/aflx/ eP ;'/lIft :yfgdf a:g] . – 3/aflx/ hfg' kbf{ vfgf ksfpg] Uof; aGb u/]/ dfq lg:sg] . – ;nfO{, nfO6/ h:tf ;fdu|L afnaflnsfn] ge]6\g] 7fpFdf /fVg] . – vfgf ksfO;s]kl5 cfuf] /fd|/L lgefpg] . – 3/df ePsf ljB'tLo ;fdu|L ;xL cj:yfdf 5g\÷5}gg\, lgoldt ¿kdf hfFr ug]{ . – 3/ tyf sfof{nodf cfuf] lgoGqs oGq /fVg] . – af9L cfpg] :yfgdf af9L;"rs ;fO/gsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .