English Skill 6

3 Answer the following questions.

a. Which season is described in the poem?
b. Why was the wind calling the leaves?
c. How did the leaves react to the call of the wind?
d. Why did the leaves go dancing and whirling?

Conversation

4 Listen and practise.

Rajiv : Hi, Dilip. How are you? Let's play football today.

Dilip : Hi, Rajiv! It's OK, thanks! But I'm sorry. I'm not playing today.
I have a leg injury.

Rajiv : What happened?

Dilip : I was cleaning the stairs at home. Unfortunately, I slipped and
got a twist in a leg.

Jenish and Rajiv : Oh, sorry!

Rajiv : What about you, Jenish? Are you playing?

Jenish : I'm afraid I can't play with you because I am working on my
English project today. Tomorrow is the deadline.

Rajiv : OK! I think I must cancel my plan if you are not coming.

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Grammar

Expressing intentions

We use words like We also use present We also use be going to

plan or intend to talk continuous tense to + base form of a verb to

about our plans or talk about our plans. talk about our intention.

intentions. I am visiting my I am not going to

I have a plan to take granny Sunday for a stay home tomorrow

part in sports events as party there. because we have a puja

I like them very much. at home.

Note was/were + going to + base form of a verb is used to talk about
past intentions. In such cases, you had an intention to do something
but you did not do it. For example:

I was going to call you but I didn't because it started raining.

Expressing reasons

We use because, since, as or so to express reasons .
We stayed home because it was raining.
As/ Since the cold wind is blowing, we are going in.
I'm not going to school tomorrow because I need to go to hospital.

Note: We use because, since or as to begin the cause part in the
sentence whereas so comes to begin the result part of the
sentence.

I am going out tomorrow because I want to buy a new pair of
shoes.
I want to buy a new pair of shoes so I am going out tomorrow.

5 Choose the correct connector.

a. On Monday I am not going to school _____________ (so/ because)
I have some important work.

b. It might rain today _____________ (so/ as) I'm taking an umbrella.

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c. Tomorrow I have an exam _____________ (so/ since) I'm not going
to play today.

d. I'm going to study English literature _____________ (so/ because)
I want to be a writer one day.

e. Uma is visiting the doctor _____________ (so/ since) she is suffering
from a headache.

Speaking

Expressing intentions with reasons

taking my brother to market with me/ he is good at making choices

A : Why are you going to take your
brother to the market with you?

B : I'm going to take my brother to
the market with me because he is
good at making choices.

6 Work in pairs to ask and answer questions as above.

a. they making a dam/ want to stop the river from coming to the
settlement

b. they postponing the meeting/ the chairman is ill
c. join dance classes/ want to be a dancer
d. go to village/ uncle is calling
e. study science/ want to be a pilot
f. take money to school/ they are preparing momo today

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Reading

7 Read and act.

The Police

Scene : A public meeting in which Inspector Shrestha is giving a
talk about the Nepal Police Force

Characters : Inspector Shrestha, PC Pandit, WPC Pandey, PC Gurung

Inspector Shrestha : Good evening, ladies and gentlemen! I am Inspector
Shrestha. I am here tonight to talk to you about the Police
Force of the Federal Republic of Nepal. The Police Force
in Nepal is very professional, very intelligent and very
honest. I'm going to introduce some of my police officers
for you to meet today. First of all, I'd like you to meet PC
Pandit. Ladies and gentlemen, PC Pandit.

(PC Pandit enters.)

Shrestha : Good evening, PC Pandit!

Pandit : Good evening, sir!

Shrestha : Now, what does PC mean? Tell them
about you, Mr. Pandit.

Pandit : I beg your pardon, sir?

Shrestha : Tell them about you.

Pandit : Tell them what, sir?

Shrestha : What do the letters 'PC' stand for?

Pandit : Oh! 'PC' stands for 'Prem Chandra'.

Shrestha : What?

Pandit : It's my name, sir. Prem Chandra
Pandit, PC Pandit.

Shrestha : Mr Pandit....

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Pandit : Yes, sir?

Shrestha : Do you think that we call you 'PC Pandit' because your
name is Prem Chadra Pandit?

Pandit : Yes, sir.

Shrestha : No, you're wrong. 'PC' stands for something else.

Pandit : Really?

Shrestha : Yes. Do you know what 'PC' is for us?

Pandit : Postcard?

Shrestha : No!

Pandit : Personal computer?

Shrestha : No!!

Pandit : Oh, I know! Princess Charumati! Chabahil in Kathmandu
is named after her.

Shrestha : Mr Pandit, that's too much of your guesswork! PC does
not mean 'Princess Charumati,' or 'postcard', or 'personal
computer'. It means 'Police Constable'!

Pandit : I didn't realise that, sir.

Shrestha : You are Police Constable Pandit.

Pandit : Thank you, sir.

Shrestha : Now, ladies and gentlemen, I'd like you to meet another
Nepal police officer: WPC Pandey.

(WPC Pandey enters.)

Pandey : Hello.

Shrestha : Now, if 'PC' means 'Police Constable', what does 'WPC'
mean?

Pandey : 'Wife of Police Constable.'

Shrestha : Don't be stupid, Ms. Pandey! You are not a 'Wife of Police
Constable!'

Pandey : Yes, I am, sir. I'm married to PC Pandit.

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Pandit : That's right, sir. We're very happy.

Shrestha : 'WPC' means 'Woman Police Constable'. Now, ladies and
gentlemen, as you can see.

(Mr Pandit and Ms Pandey are wearing nice blue and white uniforms. Mr
Pandit and Ms Pandey display their uniforms like fashion models.)

Shrestha : Hat - or helmet. Blouse - or shirt. Skirt or trousers. Boots...
or boots. So, this is a police uniform. But there are a lot of
police officers out there in the street with no uniform.

Pandit : No uniform?!

Pandey : They must be feeling very cold, sir.

Shrestha : No! They're wearing normal clothes.

Pandey : Why's that, sir?

Shrestha : They're wearing normal clothes because they want to look
like normal people. So, here is a police officer dressed
exactly like a common man. Ladies and gentlemen. PC
Gurung.

(PC Gurung enters. He is wearing a police helmet and boots, and a pair of long
shorts and a brightly coloured shirt.)

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Shrestha : Now, as you can see, there is no way that you would know
that PC Gurung is a police officer.

Pandey : Except for the helmet.
Shrestha : Yes, except for the helmet.
Pandit : And the boots.
Shrestha : And the boots. Except for the helmet, and the boots, there

is no way that you would know that Police Constable
Gurung is a police officer.
(PC Gurung does not look very pleased.)
Shrestha : Now, Mr Gurung, tell these people what it feels like to be
a police officer with no uniform.

Gurung : It feels stupid.

Shrestha : What?

Gurung : It feels stupid. I mean, I'm a police officer: I want to wear
a uniform! No uniform, no notebook, no whistle and no
truncheon! (The Inspector blows his whistle.)

Shrestha : I think that's enough of your reason, Mr. Gurung.

Gurung : I don't want to walk along the streets looking like this!

Shrestha : Mr Gurung! Get back in line!

Gurung : Would you walk along the streets looking like this?

(The Inspector blows his whistle. Mr Gurung gets back in line.)

Shrestha : Mr. Pandit! Ms Pandey! Mr Gurung! It's time for equipment
demonstration.

Pandit-Pandey-Gurung : Equipment demonstration!

Shrestha : Now, every police officer has three important pieces of
equipment. A whistle, a truncheon and a notebook.

(Mr Pandit produces a whistle, Ms Pandey produces a truncheon and Mr
Gurung produces a comic.)

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Shrestha : A notebook, Mr Gurung, not a comic.
Gurung : They didn't give me a notebook.
Shrestha : I see.
Gurung : No uniform, no notebook. It's ridiculous!
(The inspector blows his whistle.)
Shrestha : That's enough, Mr Gurung! Now, what are these very

important pieces of equipment for? First of all, the whistle.
The whistle is used to attract the attention of other police
officers. Like this:
(Mr Pandit blows his whistle.)
Pandit : Oi!
(Ms Pandey blows her whistle.)
Pandey : Oi!
(Mr Gurung has no whistle.)
Gurung : No uniform, no notebook and no whistle!
Shrestha : And now, the truncheon. Pandit, Pandey, Gurung - ready
with your truncheons!
Pandit : Yes, sir!
Pandey : Yes, sir!
(Mr Gurung has no truncheon.)
Gurung : No uniform, no notebook, no whistle and no truncheon!
Shrestha : Right! Forget the truncheons, the notebook, Pandit!
Pandit : Yes, sir?
Shrestha : What is the notebook for?
Pandit : For making notes, sir.
Shrestha : Very good, Mr. Pandit, Ms Pandey?
Pandey : Yes, sir?
Shrestha : Have you got anything in your notebook?

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Pandey : Yes, sir,

Shrestha : Good! Read it.

Pandey : Oh, Alright. (Reading) ' "What I did today", by Woman
Police Constable Pandey, aged twenty-five...and a half.
Got up. Said "Hello" to Police Constable Pandit. Made a
cup of coffee. I won't read more sir because I want him to
speak.

Shrestha : Thank you, Ms Pandey. (Looking at Mr. Gurung) Mr
Gurung?

Gurung : Yes, sir?

Shrestha : Have you got anything in your notebook?

Gurung : (Holding up the comic) You mean this?

Shrestha : Yes

Gurung : Yes, (Reading) "Mickey Mouse goes for a picnic. On
Saturday, Mickey and his friends..."

Shrestha : Mr Gurung! I mean: Have you written anything in it?

Gurung : No, sir.

Shrestha : Why not?

Gurung : Because they didn't give me a pen!!

Shrestha : All right, all right, all right. Here you are.

(The Inspector gives Gurung a pen.)

Gurung : Thank you, sir.

Shrestha : Now, have you all got everything you need? Whistle?

Pandit : Yes, sir!

Shrestha : Yes, sir!

Gurung : No, sir!

Shrestha : Truncheon?
Pandit : Yes, sir

Pandey : Yes, sir!

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Gurung : No, sir!
Shrestha : Notebook?
Pandit : Yes, sir!
Pandey : Yes, sir!
Gurung : No, sir!
Shrestha : Boots?
Pandit : Yes, sir!
Pandey : Yes, sir!
Gurung : Yes, sir!
Shrestha : Helmet?
Pandit : Yes, sir!
Pandey : No, sir!
Gurung : Yes, sir!
(Slightly confused)
Shrestha : Well, that seems all right. Now it's time for action!
Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : Action! Right!
Shrestha : I want you to get out there, in the street!

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Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : In the street! Right! But why sir?
Shrestha : I want you to find some criminals!
Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : Criminals! Right!
Shrestha : And when you find them, you know what to do!
Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : What?
Shrestha : You arrest them! What are you going to do?
Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : Arrest them! Right!
Shrestha : Yes. You are arresting them. And then there won't be any

criminals left!
Pandit, Pandey, Gurung : Right! Left! Right! Left! Right! Left! Right!.
(They all march away)

Comprehension

8 Choose the correct answers.

a. What is the post of Shrestha?

PC WPC Inspector

b. What is Mr Shrestha doing?
speaking at a programme
training the constables
telling officers how to arrest thieves

c. Which of the following is not an attribute of Nepal Police,
according to Mr Shrestha?

professional intelligent highly trained.

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d. What does PC mean? Police Constable
Personal Computer Wise Police Constable
Princess Charumati

e. What does WPC mean?
Wife of Police Constable
Woman Police Constable

9 Are the following true or false? Write 'True' or 'False'
in the given boxes.

a. Inspector Shrestha is introducing the officers to the people.
b. Chabahil is named after Charumati.
c. WPC Pandey is an unmarried person.
d. PC Gurung is happy as he does not have to wear uniform.
e. PC Gurung does not have a helmet.
f. WPC Pandey does not have a notebook.

10 Answer these questions.

a. Where is the play set?

b. How many characters are there? Who are they?

c. How many different meanings of PC does PC Pandit give?

d. How is PC Gurung different from his colleagues?

e. When the inspector says it is time for action, what order does he
give?

f. According to the inspector, what equipment are necessary for a
police officer?

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Vocabulary

11 Find similar meanings of the words and phrases and
complete the crosswords puzzle.
1
2
34

56

7

8
9

Across Down

3. people who do crimes 1. wedded
5. involving ordinary people 2. clever and skilled who can
7. a set of tools
9. a thick heavy stick used as learn things fast
4. to catch someone to ask about
a weapon by police officers
a crime
6. not including
8. a word used to ask for

information again

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Grammar

because vs because of

Because and because of both state reasons. However, because is followed
by a clause (Subject + verb) and because of is followed by a noun or a
noun phrase.

A : Why was the flight cancelled?

B : The flight was cancelled because the weather was bad.

Or, The flight was cancelled because of the bad weather.

12 Use because or because of correctly.

a. Maria didn't go to the supermarket _____________ she was sick.
b. Maria didn't go to the supermarket _____________ her sickness.
c. I'm asking you _____________ I want to know your opinion.
d. I got late _____________the traffic.
e. We decided to cancel the game _____________ it was raining.
f. We cancelled the game _____________ the rain.

13 Rewrite the sentences changing the connector.

a. I could not come to school because of sickness.
b. She was not happy because she was sick.
c. Sumitra is happy because she is successful.
d. She failed the exam because she was careless.
e. Everybody likes him because of his honesty.
f. The game was cancelled because it snowed.

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Listening

14 Listen to the audio and write true or false.

a. Manoj and Mahesh are brothers.
b. They met when they studied in grade one.
c. They like playing football.
d. Mahesh and Manoj study in the same grade but at different schools.
e. They meet for training for three days in a week.

15 Listen to the audio again and fill in the blanks.

a. Manoj plays wearing ________ jersey.
b. Mahesh plays wearing ________ jersey.
c. They think the game has helped them to ________ better.
d. They practise ________ and ______ formula while playing football.

Reading

16 Read the pictures and learn.

What games are these? Which one do you English Skills Book - 6 115
like to play? Why?

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Volleyball : Our National Game

Have you ever played
volleyball? Have you seen
people playing this game?
Do you like it?

Volleyball is a popular
game in Nepal. People in
all geographic regions of
the country play this game.
People love it because it is
simple and does not need a
big space. Equipped with a
net and a ball, your team will
be ready to play volleyball.
Because of its simple rules,
people love playing it.

Here are a few things you'll

do well to know about Service area
Base Line
the game. Volleyball is a
Central Line (Net)
game between two teams, Base Line
30feet
consisting of six players Service area

each. The two teams play

in a 30-feet-by-60-feet

court that is divided into 60feet
two parts at the central

line. The net stands over the line to separate the two teams. For men, the

height of the net will be 2.43 meters whereas for women it is 2.24 meters

up from the ground.

A referee stands on a high chair at the central line outside the court so
that he/she can see the players' movements. When it is played as an
official tournament, there are linesmen whose job it is to see whether the
ball has been out of the court while the opponents return the ball.

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Actually, the game begins after a server serving the ball. They use their
hands to hit the ball. The server should ensure that the ball crosses
the half court over the net and does not go outside the bounds of the
opponent's court. Then the rally begins. In a rally, the players of a team
may get a maximum of three hits on the ball at a go. Then, they must
send the ball to the opponent's court. While hitting or blocking the ball,
players are not allowed to touch the net with their body parts. With some
exceptions, such touching of the net is called a foul play.

To win the match, a team should score 25 points before the opponent
does. A team scores a point each time the ball touches the court floor of
the opposite team or the opponents commit a foul. Thus, the players try
their best to keep the ball in the air in their half of the court and send it to
the opponent's court so that it falls there. There are rules that the referees
implement in the game. To ensure a win, a team must have at least two
points more than that of the opponents.

This interesting game in which players jump like kangaroos in groups
was declared our national game on 23 May 2017.

Comprehension

17 Fill in the blanks with correct information from the text.

a. A volleyball team has _____________ playing members.

b. At most _____________ teams can play a volleyball match at a time.

c. For women, the volleyball net is kept at the height of _____________.

d. The referee-stand is kept at _____________ outside the court.

e. The winning team must have at least _____________ points ahead
of the losing team.

f. The volleyball was declared the national sport of Nepal on
_____________.

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18 From the text find the words that match the given
meanings.

a. the set of necessary tools for particular purpose
b. to fill, exist in, or use a place
c. a person who is in charge of a sports game
d. officials in some sports who is responsible for deciding when the

ball has crossed the playing area
e. a person being competed against in a sports
f. a continuous exchange of hits between players in a game of ball

19 Answer the following questions.

a. Why is volleyball played in all geographic regions of our country?
b. Why is referee-stand kept high up at center line outside the court?
c. How is a point scored in the match?
d. Mention any two conditions when a player commits a foul.
e. What is the condition for winning a match?

Writing

20 Write a paragraph on your favourite sport.

Try to answer the following questions.
- What is your favourite sport?
- Why do you like it?
- Do you play it? If so, when do you play? Who do you play with?
- What are the basic rules of this game?

21 Write a set of rules of your favourite game.

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7 Predicting

1 Listen and sing.

When I’m down,
I’ll never frown.
My Daddy! My Mummy!
I promise, I’ll never frown.

When I tried my best
But still did not succeed
Or, when I get something
Not what I need

I’ll still keep on
I know the light will guide me home.

When tears come down my face
I promise I’ll learn from my mistakes.
I’ll still try my best.
I’ll still face the test.

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Conversation
2 Listen and practise.

Tina : You see, Menuka,
we have a maths test
tomorrow! I'm really
scared. I’m sure I
won’t have the right
answers.

Menuka : Don’t worry, you will
be fine! You got good
grades in your last
test.

Tina : Yes, but this time it
is difficult. I am not
really feeling well.
Maybe I won’t go to
school tomorrow. I
will stay in bed all day.

Menuka : That won’t help you. The teacher will find you on
Wednesday and he will ask you to sit for the test.

Tina : That’s true! But then, what else can I do?

Menuka : I told you not to worry. If you want, I will come to your
place in the afternoon. We will practise maths together.
You won’t find it difficult.

Tina : Thanks Menuka!

3 Answer these questions.

a. When is the maths test? What day could it be?
b. Who finds maths difficult?
c. What is her plan for the day?
d. How will Menuka help her friend?

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Listening

4 See the pictures and guess what they are.

5 Listen and write 'true' or 'false'.

a. The girls are talking about holiday plans. ________
b. Sumina's father is in Delhi. ________
c. Anjali is going on a holiday to India. ________
d. Anjali will come back to Kathmandu by bus. ________
e. Sumina is taking a raincoat with her. ________

6 Listen again and fill in the blanks.

a. Anjali will see a _____________ in Tansen.
b. Finally, Anjali's family will visit _____________ .
c. Sumina will visit _____________ in Agra.
d. Sumina is flying to Delhi with her _____________ .
e. They are planning to travel during _____________ season.

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7 Complete the sentences with the words in the boxes.
You can use the direction words more than once.

east mountain forecast snowfall cloudy
Terai west sunshine mild showers

Here is the weather __________. Tomorrow morning there will be

Today, it's going to be mostly fine __________ conditions throughout
the __________, so be careful on the
with plenty of __________ in the
roads. In the hills, the weather will be
east. However, the weather will
__________ from east to west. While
be __________ in the central part. there is a chance of __________ in

By the afternoon, there will be high mountains.

__________ in the west .

Later in the week the weather will improve Index:
throughout the country. However, there foggy
cloudy
is a chance of light __________ in the rainy
__________ . sunny
snowy

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Reading

8 Read the table and answer the questions given below.

Weather Report (January 11, 2020)

Station Maximum Minimum 24 hrs Rainfall
Temp. (°C) Temp. (°C) (mm)
Dipayal 3.0
Dhangadi 26.2 4.5 0.0
Birendranagar 21.5 11.5 0.0
Nepalgunj 26.2 7.3 0.0
Jumla 23.2 11.3 0.0
Pokhara 16.9 -3.5 2.0
Kathmandu 23.4 9.0 0.0
Taplejung 23.7 4.3 0.0
Dhankuta 16.8 6.2 0.0
Biratnagar 20.6 9.6 0.0
24.4 11.0

Questions

a. Which station recorded the maximum temperature of the day?
b. Which station recorded the minimum temperature of the day?
c. Was there any rainfall recorded? Which station recorded it?
d. Which station recorded the temperature below 00?
e. Which city was the hottest on 11 January 2020?

Now listen to the weather report in the evening. Then note the
maximum and minimum temperatures of the day.

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Listening

9 Grade six students are going to stage a programme.
They are at a meeting with the class teacher. Some
students are telling the teacher what they will do.
Listen and name the person.

a. will show a folk dance
___________________________
b. will play the flute
___________________________
c. will sing a song
___________________________
d. will be the master of the ceremony
___________________________
e. will play the madal
___________________________

10 After going home, Jenny shares the plan with her
friend on the telephone. Listen and practise.

A : Hello, this is Jenny speaking.
B : Hello, Jenny. How are you?
A : I’m fine, aunt. May I talk to Rita, please?
B : Of course, you can! Just hold on a minute.
C : Hi Jenny! What happened today at school?
A : Nothing much but we talked about the coming programme. The

class teacher divided the work for us.
C : It sounds good. What are you going to do?

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A : I’m going to sing a song. Ramesh is going to play the flute. Sunita
is going to dance. Binod is going to be an MC and Laxmi is going to
play the madal.

C : Will the teacher take our names tomorrow?

A : Yes, he will. Don’t worry. We will talk to the class teacher tomorrow.
I hope he will let you take part in the programme.

Who is going to dance?

Who is Jenny talking to?

Grammar

The future tense: will / won’t and be going to + base form of a verb

Positive Negative

I / you / we / he / she / it / they I / you / we / he / she / it / they will
will come tomorrow. not (won't) come tomorrow.

Question Short answers

Will I / you / we / he / she / it / Yes, I / you / we / he / she / it / they
they come tomorrow? will.

No, I / you / we / he / she / it / they
won't.

Rule:

We use will or will not / won’t + base form of a verb (go, eat, play, etc.) to
make predictions.

We use be going to + base form of a verb to talk about intention and
plans.

I’m going to sing a song. Binod is going to be the MC.

We also use be going to for predicting about future on which we don’t
have any control.

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The sky is covered with the dark cloud. It is going to rain soon.
We use will to talk about future in general. When we decide at the time
of speaking, we use will + base form of a verb.
We will talk to the class teacher tomorrow.

11 Complete the sentences with will or won’t.

a. I think he __________ come tomorrow. He has broken his leg.
b. She __________ win this game. Her opponent is very strong.
c. Madhu ________ come first this time. She has worked really hard.
d. A : Hello, Suman. We are going for a picnic next Sunday.

__________ you come?
B : Next Sunday? Fine. I __________ join you. I have nowhere

to go.

12 Write correct sentences rearranging the given words.

a. He / play / will / with us.
____________________________________________________
b. they / Will / homework / their / bring / tomorrow?
____________________________________________________
c. will / She / in the programme / sing.
____________________________________________________
d. Will / he / not / today / come to / school?
____________________________________________________
e. We / go / for a picnic / won’t / this year.
____________________________________________________

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13 Match the questions with most plausible answers.

a. How old will you be next year? ___ Of course! I will.

b. Will you pass the exam? ___ It will be the same. I
won’t change school.

c. Who will teach us English next year? ___ I will be 14.

d. Which school will you study? ___ There will be a new
teacher for us.

e. Will you go abroad next year? ___ We will go with
teachers.

f. When will you go for the next picnic? ___ We will go in summer.

g. Where will you go? ___ No, I won’t.

h. Who will you go with? ___ We will go to Godawari.

Work in pairs to ask and answer the questions in Exercise 13.

14 Complete the sentences. Put will or be going to with the
verb given in the brackets.

a. I promise you I will be (be) a better person.
b. I think my mother __________ (like) this story.
c. They __________ (return) home at 6 pm but I'm not sure.
d. I need some help here. __________ you __________ (help) me?
e. In 2022, people __________ (have) less time for leisure.
f. We __________ (fly) to the United States in June. We have made all

the arrangements.
g. Look at the clouds! They are all black! It __________ (rain) soon.
h. A : Do you want rest tomorrow?
B : Fine, thanks. I __________ (rest).

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15 Look at the pictures below and write a sentence for
each of them. Use be going to + base form of a verb.

Oh! The ladder is moving. She doesn’t know how to use a
He's going to fall. knife. She's going to ....

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Speaking

16 What is your plan for next week? Work in pairs to
discuss your plans.

I'm going to be busy next week. It's going to be fun next week.
We are going to have an exam. I'm We are going to have a speech
going to stay home and read all the competition. I'm going to take
time. I'm not going to watch any part in it. I'm going to speak
movies. I'm not going to go out about the changes in the future.
and meet friends. I'm not going to I think I'll win the contest.
play any game. My study is very
important to me.

Reading

17 Read and learn.

Global warming

Do you feel the weather is getting English Skills Book - 6 129
hotter than it used to be in the
previous years? Have you heard
people talking about declining level
of snow in the Himalayas? Have you
heard people talking about climate
change and temperature rise?

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Scientists say the temperature of the world is increasing day by day.
This rise in the temperature is called global warming.

What will happen to the world if the temperature keeps on rising? Have
you ever thought about it? Can you do something to stop it? What do
you want to do to check it? We have to be very serious about the issue
right now. Otherwise it will be too late for us to do anything. It is always
better to be safe than sorry. Prevention is always better than cure. One
of the best ways to decrease global warming is to check the release of
carbon dioxide. Do you know 76 percent of the global warming is caused
by carbon dioxide? Then, what is the solution? What can you do?

The obvious answer is to stop using petroleum products. The burning of
the fossil fuels like petrol, diesel and kerosene produces a large amount
of carbon dioxide. The vehicles running with these fuels are harmful.
Electric vehicles or solar vehicles can be a better choice because they
don’t produce carbon dioxide. Rather than cooking food in your gas or
kerosene stove, it is a good idea to use an electric cooker. Our fridges
may produce harmful gases. We should think of their alternatives.

Similarly, you have to stop using plastic bags. They are harmful for the
environment. They don’t decay. If you burn them, they produce very
harmful gases. To reduce their use, you can take your cotton bags while
shopping.

If you don’t start thinking about your current activities now, they might
affect not only the people today, but also your future generations and
your planet. You will be heading towards your own destruction. There
won’t be any life on earth in the long run.

Let's all of us work together to check global warming and make the earth
a safe place for living. If you are responsible enough, you can surely
protect the earth.

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Comprehension

18 Are the given statements true or false?

a. Petrol, diesel and kerosene are examples of fossil fuels.
b. Use of fridges has nothing to do with global warming.
c. Electric vehicles can help check global warming.
d. Plastic bags are environment friendly.

19 Answer the following questions.

a. What is global warming?
b. What causes global warming?
c. How are our motor cars harmful for us?
d. What is the problem with the plastic bags?
e. What can you do to check global warming?

Vocabulary

20 Find words from the text that are opposite in meaning
to the following words.

decreasing dangerous cooling
useful worse irresponsible

21 Match these phrasal verbs with the definitions.

a. take up ____ put in the rubbish bin

b. give up ____ start to do or learn

c. throw away ____ continue

d. work out ____ stop doing something

e. keep it up ____ discover answer for

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22 Complete the sentences using the present continuous
form of the verbs.

A Project on Pollution

We ______________ (study)
global warming in our school.
Our teacher says, global
temperature ______________
(rise). I also often hear about
climate change when I tune in
to the radio and TV.

Concerning the same, I
______________ (do) a school project about pollution. I can find a lot
of information on the Internet. lt's not good news! Everyday pollution
______________ (get) worse in the big cities around the world.

More and more people ______________ (buy) cars and driving them to
work. There are more factories out there and they ______________ (make)
more things for us to buy. So, factories ____________ also ____________
(make) more pollution.

At home, we ____________ (try) to reduce our own pollution. We ________
____________ (separate) the rubbish into different groups: glass, paper
and plastic depending on whether they degrade or can be recycled or
reused. My parents have stopped using the car so much.

Now they ______________ (not drive) to work. They ______________
(take) the bus instead.

I ______________ (cycle) to school with my older brother. What
______________ you ______________ (do) to reduce pollution?

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Conversation

23 Listen and practise.

Hem : Hello, Hemanta. What are you
doing tomorrow?

Hemanta : Tomorrow is my father’s
birthday. We are having a
party. I’m helping my parents.
But, why are you asking?

Hem : We are playing football
tomorrow. I wanted to ask you
to join us.

Hemanta : I’m sorry, Hem. I’m going to be
busy tomorrow.

Grammar

The present continuous for plans

We are having a party at home.

We are playing football tomorrow.

We can also use the p­­ resent continuous to talk about our plans and
intentions in the future.

24 Use the clues on the list and make sentences about the
plans.

Monica / go to the library next Monday
Monica is going to the library next Monday.
a. Himesh / start English lessons from tomorrow
b. Mary / come to Nepal in February
c. Himal / make rice pudding for lunch
d. Pushpa / take her brother to the cinema tomorrow

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Listening

25 Some children are sharing their plans. Listen and
match the following.

a. Jeena ____ going to see the Taj Mahal

b. Manisha ____ going to visit Pokhara

c. Kamala ____ going to stay home and watch new movies

d. Mark ____ going to join dance class

e. Dolma ____ going to see her grandmother

f. Laxmi ____ going to do some paintings

26 Listen again and answer the following questions.

a. Who is Jeena travelling with?
b. Which movie has Dolma already brought?
c. Why does Laxmi want to join dance classes?
d. Where is Kamala’s grandmother?

Take up a challenge

27 Read the texts below and choose the best answer.

A : “Oh! I forgot my umbrella.”

B : “Don’t worry I have got one. You won’t get wet.”

What is going to happen?
i. They are going to cross the river.
ii. It is going to rain.
iii. It is getting very hot.

b. Jenish and his father are talking to Jenish’s teacher about his progress
at school. “He is good. He is active in the class and popular among
the friends.”

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Who said this?
i. Jenish
ii. Jenish’s father
iii. Jenish’s teacher

c. This is Mr Ken’s house. From his window, Ken can see the vast sea
soon after he wakes up. He takes his small boat and goes fishing
there often. He loves fish. He has been eating fish since he was very
small. Now he is sixty.

Where is Ken’s home? ii. on a beach iii. in a valley
i. on a hill side

d. It is quite different from my place. I can’t live here. The honking
horns awaken me in the middle of the night. I hardly find a way to
walk. So many people! The smoke! I wonder how people live here.

Where is the man from? ii. a village
i. a city

Grammar [Extra bit]

The question tag

He is a student, isn’t he?
They are farmers, aren’t they?
She isn’t beautiful, is she?
She will come tomorrow, won’t she?
We were playing football yesterday, weren’t we?
It is going to rain, isn’t it?
I am smart, aren’t I?
Ravi is a singer, isn’t he?

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Mona is a dancer, isn’t she?

Beena and Madan are very good students, aren’t they?

Menna can play basketball, can’t she?

Here isn’t he? / aren’t they? / is she? / won’t she? / weren’t we? / aren’t
I? are question tags. We add these short questions to confirm the
information.

Rule: The rule is that positive statements have negative tags and negative
statements have positive tags.

28 Read the text and underline the tag questions.

Frogs are really cute, aren't they?
They are also really cool! Do
you know that most frogs
have a tongue that is very
sticky? They use it to catch
their food! Frogs love to eat
bugs that are serious pests
such as mosquitoes. Thus,
they are really important
to humans. Sadly, our
wonderful jumping friends
are in trouble. Scientists think

that about half of all the world's
frog species will be extinct in the
next twenty years. Why? Because things like pollution, habitat loss and
global warming are killing them. How would you feel if your life was in
danger? You would want people to help you, wouldn't you? Well, so do
frogs! What can you do to help them? Luckily, the answer is lots of things
to do. Baby frogs live in water, if you build a pond in your garden, they
will have somewhere to live. Adult frogs live in land and like to hide in
tall grass. If you plant lots of bushes in your garden, they will feel safe.
Won't they? Start a frog club with your friends. You can raise money to
help animal organisations that are trying to save frogs. Also tell all your
friends and neighbours that frogs are in danger. Will you? Frogs won't
have a happy future unless we all take action now.

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29 Add a question tag to each statement below.

a. She is dancing now, ______________?
b. Hari will come tomorrow, ______________?
c. Karma and Pemba are good at study, ______________?
d. We are going to play volleyball, ______________?
e. They were in Pokhara last month, ______________?
f. Neha can write with both hands, ______________?
g. I am writing essays these days, ______________?
h. Ali isn’t coming to Kathmandu, ______________?
i. They aren’t busy now, ______________?
j. She won’t give her books to anybody, ______________?

Pronunciation

30 Listen and learn to pronounce the negative short
forms.

was wasn’t is isn’t
will won’t
were weren’t can can’t

could couldn’t

31 Listen and learn to say these sentences.

a. Where was she from?
b. She wasn’t a Nepali.
c. They were very rich.
d. But they weren’t happy.
e. She can speak Nepali but she can’t speak Newari.
f. He could play chess but he couldn’t play basketball.

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Writing

Complaint Letter

Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
12 June 2013

The Chairperson
The Kathmandu Metropolis
Ward No 35, Samakhushi
Dear Sir / Madam,

It is terrible that people are throwing their garbage near our home.
The area is already stinking a lot. The stench is causing discomfort and
health problems to our family. Flies and other insects, coming out of the
garbage heap, are often seen heading straight into our home.

We have talked about this with the local people but nobody shows a real
concern. Worse, the garbage collecting van has vanished over the week.

Considering our plight, I hope that the Metropolis will send the garbage
collectors to the area and make proper dumping arrangements soon.

Sincerely,

Madhu Maharjan

32 Read the above letter and answer the questions.

a. Who sent this letter?
b. Where is the letter sent from?
c. When was the letter written?
d. Who is the letter written to?

33 Suppose the water coming to your tap is getting dirty.
Write a similar complaint letter to the chairperson of
the Drinking Water Supply Limited.

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8 Describing Past

Habits

Listening - Thomas Hood

1 Listen and sing.

Past and Present

I remember, I remember
The house where I was born,
The little window where the
sun
Came peeping in at morn;
He never came a wink too soon
Nor bought too long a day;
But now, I often wish the night
Had borne my breath away.

I remember, I remember I remember, I remember
Where I was used to swing, The fir trees dark and high;
And thought the air must rush I used to think their slender tops
as fresh Were close against the sky:
To swallows on the wing; It was a childish ignorance,
My spirit flew in feathers then But now 'tis little joy
That is so heavy now, To know I'm farther off from Heaven
And summer pools could Than when I was a boy.
hardly cool
The fever on my brow.

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Comprehension

2 From the poem find the words that are opposite in
meaning to the following.

a. large b. dusk c. forget d. hell

3 From the poem find the words that are similar in meaning
to the following.

a. childlike b. innocence c. paradise d. move fast

4 Are the following statements true or false?

a. The poem was composed by a Nepali poet.
b. The poet compares his present with the past.
c. The poet was happy in the past.
d. The poet's house used to have a little window.

5 Answer the following questions.

a. How does the writer remember his house where he was born?
b. How was the childhood of the poet?
c. Why did the writer think the tree tops touched the sky?

Now remember the days when you were in grade two or
three and write any three things you used to do.

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Conversation

6 Listen and practise.

Krisha : Hi, Grandpa. Can I ask you some questions about when
you were little?

Grandpa : Yes, of course.
Krisha : Where did you use to live?
Grandpa : I used to live in a cottage in the countryside.
Krisha : Did you use to have helping hands?
Grandpa : No, We didn't. I used to help with the chores.
Krisha : What chores did you use to do?
Grandpa : I used to work on farm and fields with my parents.
Krisha : Did you study maths at school?
Grandpa : Yes, I did. But we used to do it in our heads. We didn't have

calculators.
Krisha : Poor you, my grandpa!

Grammar

'used to' to talk about past habits or permanent situations

Affirmative Negative

I/You/He used to work in the field. I/ You/ He didn't use to go to

school.

Interrogative Short answers

Did I/you/he use to go to school? Yes, I/you/he did.

No, I/you/he didn't.

We use used to to talk about past habits or permanent situations in the
past that are no longer there for the persons now.

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7 Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences.

walk like bring wear live hate

a. I used to ____________vegetables but now I love them.

b. She did not use to ____________ children but now she’s got four of
her own.

c. I didn’t recognise you. You did not use to ____________ glasses,
did you?

d. We used to ____________ in the village but we moved to the city
last year.

e. The villagers didn’t have road facilities so they used to ___________.

8 Write sentences about Kathmandu in the past. Use
used to or didn't use to.

a. there/ be/ many stone taps in Kathmandu √

b. there/ be/ many traffic in Kathmandu ×

c. people/ make house using bricks and mud √

d. people/ produce a lot of vegetables √

e. there/ be/ pollution in Kathmandu. ×

9 Make sentences from the chart.

In the past Now

• Menuka watched TV a lot. • she makes flowers and sells.

• Ravi kept long hair before. • I love to read novels.

• I did not read books much. • he has short hair.

• Meena lived in village. • she has a time table.

• Sheela made dolls and sell in • she lives in Pokhra.
the market.

Example : Menuka used to watch TV a lot but now she has a time table.

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Speaking

Comparing past with present

10 Compare the changes you have seen in your life now
with your life five years ago. Consider the following.

clothes you wear food you eat books you choose

games you play movies you watch ways you travel


I used to wear shorts five years ago but now I wear trousers.

11 Look at the list and talk about Meena.

Five Years Ago Now

• I travel a lot. • I eat lots of cheese now.
• I’m very lazy. • I work very hard these days.
• I don’t like cheese. • I don’t go out much these days.
• I’ve got a dog. • My dog died two years ago.
• I never read newspapers. • I read the newspaper every day
• I don’t drink tea.
now.
• Tea’s great! I like it now.

She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go out much these days.

Writing

12 Now write a paragraph about Meena's past and present.

13 Ask one of your grandparents or parents about their
childhood. Then, write a paragraph.

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Reading

14 Read and learn.

Let's read some anecdotes about Junga Bahadur Rana. An anecdote
is an interesting story about someone’s life. It can be true or false.
However, people take it as if it had actually happened.

Do you know about Dharahara?

Dharahara was a nine-storey tower in

Kathmandu. During the time of Jung

Bahadur it had eleven storeys. Since

it was built by Bhimsen Thapa, the

tower has been destroyed by powerful

earthquakes twice. In 1934 AD or 1990

BS, a very powerful earthquake brought After 2015
it down. Most recently, in 2015 AD or Before 2015

2072 BS, major tremors of earthquake damaged it badly. People used

to go to Dharahara just to see its stud until it was rebuilt in 2021 AD.

Jung Bahadur Rana

Jung Bahadur Rana was the first Rana Prime
Minister of our country. He started a Rana family
rule in Nepal from 1847 AD. It took 104 years for
the Nepali people to get rid of the Rana rule.

Some people say he was a hero. Some people say
he was a villain. Whatever he may have been, he
was very clever and brave.

Jung Bahadur was the son of an army general.
His father named him Bir Narsigh Kunwar but
his maternal uncle, who also became a prime minister later, named him
Jung Bahadur because he was brave and unafraid of anything since his
childhood.

Jung Bahadur was born in Borlang of Gorkha district in 1816 AD. Since
his father was a respected man in the palace, he joined the army at the
age of sixteen.

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Later, he became the bodyguard of King
Surenda. Legends have it that he did many
feats of danger in his days. Some interesting
stories about his work follow.

Once, King Surendra asked a pedestrian to
jump from the top of Dharahara. The pedestrian
said, “My Lord! I can’t do it. No one can do it.
Only Jung Bahadur can do it.” Immediately
the king called Jung Bahadur and asked him to
jump from the top of Dharahara. Jung Bahadur then took a very strong
umbrella as his parachute and jumped. The king became happy.

People share another story about Jung Bahadur. It was a monsoon time.
The king had been to Nuwakot. The Trishuli
river was full to its brim. The king asked a
fellow to jump into the river. He said, “Only
Jung Bahadur can do this, my lord! Forgive
me! I can’t do it.” The king called Jung
Bahadur and asked him to jump into the
river. Jung Bahadur asked the king to give
him a horse so that he could avoid falling on
a stone. Then, riding on a horse, he jumped
into the river. The river swept away the horse

but Jung Bahadur swam across the river and came out.

People also say that Jung Bahadur caught twenty-one wild elephants
single-handedly without any weapon when
he was on his hunting tour in the Terai.

The king, being very happy with his work,
gave him the title Rana. Then, Jung Bahadur
Kunwar became Jung Bahadur Rana.

He ruled the country for thirty years and died
in 1877 at the age of sixty one in Pathar Ghatta
of Rautahat. This brave but reckless man died
a rather mysterious death. No one knows exactly how he died. Some say
he died in a fight with a tiger.

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Comprehension

15 Are these statements true or false?

a. Jung Bahadur’s father was an army officer.
b. Jung Bahadur was clever and brave.
c. His father named him Jung Bahadur.
d. His maternal uncle became prime minister.
e. He jumped off the top of Dharahara without holding anything.
f. He was afraid of elephants.
g. It is sure that Jung Bahadur died in a fight with a tiger.

16 Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the text.

a. Jung Bahadur’s original name was ______________.
b. He was born in ___________ of Gorkha, in the year ___________.
c. He became the ______________ of King Surendra.
d. He rode on a ___________ before jumping into the Trishuli river.
e. He died in ______________ of Rautahat.

17 Answer the following questions.

a. Why did Jung Bahadur’s maternal uncle name him so?
b. Why did he take a strong umbrella while jumping off the Dharahara?
c. Why did he ride on a horse while jumping into the Trishuli river?
d. What do people say about his death?
e. How was Jung Bahadur? Describe his character.

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Listening

18 What can you see? Do these photos show the same
building?

photo: Aneel Katwal

19 Listen and write true or false.

a. The school was established by Junga Bahadur Rana.

b. The building in the picture was built by Junga Bhadur himself.

c. Only the Ranas used to attend this school at first.

d. There used to be other schools for people.

e. The Ranas used to bully the students at the school.

f. The school still maintains its colour.

20 Listen and fill in the blanks.

a. The school was established in ________________.

b. ________________ Durbar was the private building of Jung
Bahadur Rana.

c. ________________ got the building for Durbar High School built
at Jamal.

d. Durbar High School opened to public in ________________.

e. Before 2015, the school used to have ________________ladder and
windows.

f. Although the school is surrounded by bar these days, there used
to be ________________ before.

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Reading

21 Read and learn.

Like the 2015 earthquake changed the face of many
settlements of our country, a great fire in 1666 had
changed London of the time. A man who lived
through this time tells us how life was in London
then. Here is Samuel Pepys's diary. Sapana is
reading them to the class.

Monday, 22 January

It was very cold this morning. Nothing could be seen outside.
There was ice on the inside of the windows! The servant made
fire for me in the bedroom. I had to wear three jackets, but
I was still freezing! It was dark, too--I needed two candles to
write this diary entry.

Wednesday, 7 February

Most people haven't got a clock or a watch because they're
very expensive. Last night, the cat woke me up. It just gave
a loud noise tumbling a tin can. I didn't know what time it
was. Then, I heard the night watchman in the street. He was
shouting, "One o'clock on a cold and windy night!" It made me
feel really odd. This morning, I bought my very first watch.
Now I'll always know the time!

Friday, 16 March

I can't see very well, so yesterday I bought a
pair of glasses. I took the boat to my office and
I could see all the ships on the River Thames!
There were lots of ships, so it was difficult to
get to work. The river didn't use to be so busy.
But I'm so pleased that I can see clearly again!

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Friday, 15 June
Today I bought Elisabeth a very expensive necklace--it
cost ₤4! Mr Hales is coming to paint her portrait today.
He's an artist, but he used to work in my office. I'm worried
because Elisabeth's false teeth are very uncomfortable.
She'll have to sit for hours while Mr Hales paints her
portrait. I hope she doesn't look unhappy!

Sunday, 2 September
I was woken up by a servant early this morning. He
shouted, "There's a great fire in the city of London!"
It was an emergency, so I rushed into the city on my
horse to speak to the king. London used to be the city of
stone houses. Now people are using wood. Thus, the fire
is growing so quickly. Soldiers are bringing down the
houses in front of the fire. However, the fire is roaring
and sweeping very fast.

Monday, 3 September
Monday, 3 September
Elisabeth and I were much concerned that our house
would be burnt down by the inferno. Thus, this afternoon
we tried to keep our possession safe. We took them out of
home and hid them. One of my most expensive possessions
is a block of cheese that I brought from Italy! We hid it
in a hole in the garden to ensure no none could steal it! I
hope it will be fine and safe.

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Comprehension

22 Put the events of Pepys' life in correct order as they
happened.

a. Samuel and Elisabeth buried the cheese.
b. Samuel bought his first watch.
c. An artist came to make a portrait of Elisabeth.
d. Soldiers pulled down the houses.
e. A great fire broke out in London.
f. Samuel went to palace on his horse.
g. Samuel was woken up by a cat.
h. Samuel went to office on a boat.

23 Answer the following questions.

a. Why didn't Samuel know the time when he was woken up by the
cat?

b. How was he able to see the ships on the Thames?
c. What is the relationship between Samuel and Elisabeth?
d. Was Samuel an important person in London? How do you know?
e. Why was the fire growing so swiftly?
f. Why were they pulling down the houses?

g. Why did Samuel and Elisabeth bury the cheese?

Discussion

h. How is the life in London of that time different from the life you
have now?

For example :

They used to look up a watch for time and we also do the same
now. But the old watches used to be very expensive at that time.

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