Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 101 Exercise A. Tick the correct answers from the given multiple choices. a. Combination of lines and its reputation determines the intensity of…………. i. object ii. colour iii. shadow iv. size b. Triangular, circular, rectangular shapes are are called ………………. shapes. i. mathematical ii. algebraic iii. arithmetic iv. geometrical c. Every object casts its ………….. on the opposite side of the source of light. i. shadow ii. Size iii. shape iv. colours d. When we think in an artificial situation in our mind that helps in creating drawings with ……………….. i. imagination ii. obligation iii. observation iv. speculation B. Match the following: Secondary colour • imagination Primary colour • intensity of light Shadow • orange colour Story • blue colour
102 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal C. Answer the following questions. a. How can we make a good drawing? Give your ideas. b. How can we make drawing by imagination? Give an example. c. How can we produce light in Dark Shadow? Explain briefly. d. Differentiate between primary and secondary colours.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 103 11 Printmaking and Clayworks Activity Apply any colour on the palm and fingers of your hand and place it on a plane sheet of paper. Observe the print off your hand on the paper. Can you make other friends do the same with a leaf of a plant or thumb tip? Practise and observe the prints. Before you get ready to read
104 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 11.1 Printmaking Printmaking is the process of creating artwork by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers the way or methods of creating prints that have an element of originality. Printmaking can be divided into representational and non-representational printings. Representational printings Representational art or figurative art represents objects or events in the real world, usually looking easily recognisable. In this printing technique, a printing block or matrix that has had ink applied to its remaining original surface is brought into contact with paper. Look at the given picture and identify what it represents. Non-representational printing Non-representational prints may simply depict shapes, colours, lines, etc., They do not represent the object in a clear manner. They may express abstract things like emotions or feelings that are not visible.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 105 Printmaking through vegetables and plants We can create a print by using appropriately cut pieces of vegetables and plants. Look at the following pictures and identify the source object of the print.
106 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Activity Take a potato and cut it from its middle to make it into equal halves. Curve the inner part of the potato to create printmaker structures. Apply any colour or ink on the curved surface and make its print on a clean sheet of paper. Stencil printing In the stencil technique, paint or ink is pressed through a prepared screen. Screen refers to the designed gap of some pattern or images. It includes techniques like pochoir and screen-printing.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 107 Design and pattern In art, a design is the shape and size of a certain visual element and pattern is a repetition of such elements. Design and pattern help to produce many similar prints in an easier manner and shorter period of time. 11.2 Claywork Clay is a soft, loose, earthy material containing very small grainsize particles. The weathering and erosion of rocks containing the clay minerals over a long span of time form the clay in nature. Claywork is the art of making things out of clay for different purposes, such as entertainment, traditional and cultural preservation, etc. With the use of clay, we can make other things like statues and physical objects such as cups, dolls, bricks, pots, toys and various decorative materials at home. Such items made with the use of clay are also called earthenware. We should be very careful while selecting the clay for making earthenware. The sandmixed soil should not be used to make earthenware.
108 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Different objects of geometrical shapes We can make different objects of different geometrical shapes like spare flat rectangular square and pyramid-shaped objects with clay. or natural objects may have a combination of different geometrical shapes. For example, the head of a bird is constructed with a spherical shape of clay and its beak is made with a cylindrical shape of clay. In order to construct a statue of a human, a rectangular block is used to make it’s trunk and a spherical shape is used to make the head. Look at the pictures below and identify the shapes used to construct them.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 109 Fig: Different objects of geometrical shapes Coiling method to make different clay apparatus (Coiling pottery) Coiling pottery is a great way to prepare handmade clay-pots. We can make lovely, strong pots with simple coiling methods. In order to prepare the coil apparatus, we need to roll a handful of clay with the palms of the hands. Rolling the clay back and forwards makes a long roll of clay that can be used in construction of our desired apparatus.
110 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Slab Method of Pottery The slab building technique involves rolling out clay to an even thickness (usually one centimetre), then cutting shapes, folding, bending, manipulating and joining together to form a finished object. Look at the pictures below and learn the slab method of pottery with clay. Colouring the claywork After making any clay shape, it can be made more attractive and natural by painting it. Various local or ready-made paints can be used on the finished pottery. Colours can be obtained by some locally available things like turmeric, flower petals, leaves, charcol, etc. Turmeric can be used as yellow colour, similarly charcoal for black, beetroot for red, and leaves for green. In addition, readyApplying colours to the clayworks Beet can be used for bloody-red colour
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 111 Toy aeroplane made by plastic bottle and paper pieces Toy-helicopters made up of wooden pieces Toy aeroplane made by using woods made paints can be bought in the market according to the requirements or choices. 11.3 Creative Constructional Works with the Help of Broken Wires and Scrap Materials Electrical wires and other metallic wires are used at our home for many purposes. We can obtain wooden pieces of various shapes by going to some furniture house in our community. When we purchase such wires from the market, all of them are not used and some of them may become useless. Similarly we may have many scrap materials at our home. Paper wrappers, plastics and other broken appliances may have utility in making useful things again. Only a creative mind can think of utilising such things in creative and constructive arts. Look at the pictures below and try arts at your home.
112 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Paper craft Different materials can be crafted from paper pieces. For this purpose, different pieces of paper are cut into the required shapes for the construction of new items. The shape of different objects can also be made from paper by cutting pieces of paper, pasting new paper and pasting different coloured paper. Look at the pictures below and learn the techniques of preparing your favourite paper crafts. Activity Construct any one toy at your home using the scrap materials and demonstrate it in your classroom. Paper crafts
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 113 Exercise A. Tick the correct answers from the given multiple choices. a. ……………… art or figurative art represents objects or events in the real world i. Representational ii. Non-representational iii. Imaginary iv. Story based b. Non-representational art may express ………….. i. Objects ii. Shadows iii. Colours iv. Shape in size c. In art, a . . ... . is the shape and size of a certain visual element i. Design ii. Object iii. Shadow iv. Imagination d. .. . . . . . . . shapes combine to make a complete clay work of an object i. Geometrical ii. Arithmetic iii. Algebraic iv. Mathematical B. Match the following: Claywork • triangular and circular Stencil • design of objects Geometrical shape • rolling the clay Coiling method • print on a paper
114 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal C. Answer the following questions. a. What is print making? b. Describe the process of stencil printing briefly. c. Differentiate between representational and non-representational art. d. What is coiling pottery? What are its advantages? e. How can we make creative constructional works with the help of scrap materials?
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 115 12 Singing and Musical Instruments Activity What are the musical instruments you are most familiar with? Make a list of five musical instruments and draw the one that is your most favourite. Before you get ready to read
116 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 12.1 Introduction Music is a part of all of our lives, from when we’re growing up to when we’re old. We grow up to the sound of our mothers singing us lullabies so that we’d go to sleep. Music is one of the most calming and soothing things if you let it be. It comes from melodies and tunes strung together by people who sing and play musical instruments. Music is not only created by people, but it is also all around us in nature. In the mornings, when the birds chirp, the sounds are compared with music. The loud sound of the waves in the ocean swishing, the whistle in the wind, and the sound of trees and leaves rustling are all their own forms of music. Activity Make a list of any five songs, with the name of their singers and musicians, in the table below.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 117 S.N SONG SINGER MUSICIAN 1 2 3 4 5 12.2 Vocal Practice Vocal practice is an exercise involving the practice of singing songs and producing melodious sounds with our voice. In Nepali musical system, there are seven major vocals. They are also called swaras. Seven swaras of music are 'sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, and ni'. Each of them stands for a different pitch of sound used in music. They are collectively called 'Sargam'. Each of them stands for their specific frequency and pitch. The sound of music is categorised into three basic groups. They are : a. Natural ( ) sound. b. Flat ( ) sound. c. Sharp ( ) sound
118 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal A sharp symbol, , is used in key notations. When the pitch is low, this is called a ‘flat’ sound. The flat sound notation is a symbol ( ). The natural is denoted with symbol ( ). Such variations of musical notes are called ‘accidental’. There are twelve sound variants in an octave, including their natural, sharp and flat tones. There are three octaves (saptak) in music. They are: Octave 1 : (Mandra Saptak) Octave 2 : (Madhya Saptak) Octave 3 : (Taar Saptak) Ascending and descending notes in music In music theory, a scale is any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch. A scale ordered by increasing pitch is an ascending scale, and a scale ordered by decreasing pitch is a descending scale. The given pictures represent a notation for ascending and descending notes in music.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 119 Ascending melody Descending melody 12.3 Swar and Alankar Classical music consists of seven pure (shudh) swar as “Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa”. We have to practise them in ascending (aroh) and descending (avroh) order. Aroh is a pattern in going from low note to high. Conversely, avroh is a pattern in going from a high note to low. Alankar is the combination of two or more swars together. Activity Practise musical notes in ascending and descending order with the help of your teacher. While practising, pay attention to the ‘aroh’, ‘avroh’, and ‘alankars’ according to the instruction of your teacher. 12.4 Practice of Taali and Madal Taali Taali simply stands for a distinct sound of clap. It is the second and subsequent Maatra of Taal. Taali are represented by numbers
120 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 2, 3, 4 etc. It is very important in learning and playing musical instruments. It can create a rhythmic pattern of music. Madal It is a small drum made of a hollowed tree trunk with skins stretched at both ends. It contains a black layer known as Khari in Nepali. It is played with both hands and is very popular in the hills of Nepal. The Madal consists of a cylindrical body with a slight bulge at its centre and heads at both ends, one head larger than the other. Madal is a popular folk musical instrument of Nepal. It symbolises Nepali music and the history of Nepali arts. It is famous for folk songs, events like weddings and welcome parties and recordings of other music. Activity Look at the picture below and practise Madal-playing with both hands. Dhin Fatt Tang Tak
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 121 12.4 Practice of National Anthem Let’s practice singing the national anthem in a melodious way. 12.5 Practice of Classroom Song Let’s practise singing the classroom song in a melodious way with clapping. lstfasf kfgf x]/, xfdLeGbf ;fgf -tL kfgfdf jL/tf /, uf}/jsf ufgf_@ sndsf 6'Kkf cem}, cf}+nfeGbf ;fgf -To} 6'Kkfn] 1fgL s'/f, n]V5f}+ kfgf kfgf_@ xfdL dfG5] ;fgf ;fgf -kfP ;xL 1fg_@ kf}/vn] p7fpF5f}, -g]kfnsf] zfg_@ ;a}eGbf zLtn 5fofF, -xdfnsf] 5fofF_ @ -hlt a9\5f} plt a9\5, :jb]zsf] dfof_ @ xfdL /f]K5f}+ af]6lap -xfdL wtL{ sf]5f}{_@ ;a} ldnL g]kfn, -gofF /ª e5f}{_ @ k9L n]vL ;Lk l;Sg], -k}nf] xfd|f] sfd_ @ h] h] l;S5f}+ r9flbG5f}+ o} b]zsf] gfd_ @
122 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 12.6 Children’s Song A children's song is a song that children like and share among themselves. Or it is a modern creation intended for entertainment, used in the home or education. Music is an important component for all people to enjoy in their lives. A child should be introduced to music at a very young age. Children's songs may include nursery rhymes to the songs that adults sing or teach to children. We can practise our favourite children's songs in music and clapping. Activity Let’s clap and sing a child song in the classroom.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 123 12.7 Practice of Singing in Mother Tongue ‘Mother tongue' is the first language learned at home in childhood. It is also called the family language or the first language. Thus, the mother tongue is the language that we, as children, get to hear after birth and it helps give a definite shape to our feelings and thoughts. Learning and singing in the mother tongue is therefore, important for improving thinking skills, second language learning, and mental well-being. Let’s practise singing any one song in our mother tongue with the help of our family members. We can also get help from our teachers and friends at school. Here is an example of a song in Maithili language originating in eastern Nepal. We can also get help from YouTube and other modern electronic devices to learn the technique of singing this song. -oxL 7}ofF l6s'nL x]/fOu}n] b}of u]_ # ;f;'hL ;] k'5nL ggbhL+ ;] k'5nL+ 3/jf d]+ vf]hnL c+ugjf d] vf]hnL+ ghfg] a8]gL ;] a8fO u]n] b}of u] . ;f;f /]d uu ;f/] oxL 7}ofF l6s' nLx] ww ww kw dlg oxL 7}ofF l6s' nLx dd kw' kk kw ;f;" hL;] k'5 nL+g k;f+ ;f+;f lgw kd b]j/ hL;] k'5 s]n lglg;f/] ;f;f ;f– /fS u}n] b}ofSu] lgw kd dkkd u/];f;f /f u}n] Sb}of Su]SSS dd kw k'k d– gb hL+;] k'5 nL+S kw dd dkkd u/];fdf– hfSu}n] b}SofSu]
124 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 12.8 Local/Folk Musical Instruments Local or folk musical instruments are musical instruments which are prepared with locally available materials and those with some tradition or culture connected to them. They are mostly used in folk songs and traditional functions such as Jaatra, fairs, ceremonies and festivals. Some of the common local musical instruments in Nepal are Basuri, Madal, Dhol, Sarangi, Damfu, Murchunga, Jhyali, Khaijadi, Binayo etc. Five special musical instruments make up a group commonly used in marriage functions and ceremonies. They are called ‘Panchaibaaja’. The instruments included in this group are: Jhyali, Narsinga, Tyamko, Dholak, Sahanai, and Damaha.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 125 Exercise A. Tick the correct answers from the given multiple choices: a. Music is created by i. musicians ii. artist iii. people iv. nature and people both b. There are …………. swaras in music i. two ii. twenty iii. seven iv. ten c. The symbol ( ) represents for pitch in music i. natural ii. flat iii. loud iv. sharp d. Three octaves in music are . . . . . . . . . i. mandra, madhya and taar ii. aadya, madhya and antya iii. taar, kshyar, and sur iv. mandra, antya, and taar B. Answer the following questions. a. What is music and why is it important for us? b. How can we practise for our better vocal performance? c. Differentiate between sharp, natural and flat sounds in music. d. What are ascending and descending notes in music? e. Write a short introduction to Madal. f. List the musical instruments group in Panchaibaaja.
126 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal 13 Dance and Acting Look at the emojis below and draw two more emojis with their meanings. Before you get ready to read Your Drawing Emoji 1 Emoji 2
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 127 13.1 Introduction to Dance and Acting We can express several feelings and sayings with our gestures. Gesture is an ordered movement of our body part that conveys a certain message to the audience. Acting is the art of representing a character with voice, gesture, and activity performed for the entertainment of audiences. We can also perform acting with some practice. Let’s try some acting roles with the instructions below: Activity 1. Imagine that your sister is continuously coughing at your home. You called a doctor and he arrives with a thermometer and stethoscope in the doctor’s formal apron. Create a scene of acting in such a condition with the help of your friend in class. 2. Imagine that you are travelling to USA and meet one of your best friends there. Create a scene of your first meeting when your friend tries to hug you but you deny and greet with ‘Namaste’ keeping a distance of approximately two metres. You suggest he respect and follow Nepali culture of ‘Namaste’ to prevent COVID in community. 13.2. Dancing and Its Practice with the Classroom Song Dancing is one of the cosmopolitan cultures of human beings. It is practised all over the world with varieties of folk, classical, and modern songs. Dancing is the art of moving our body in a way that goes with the rhythm and style of music that is being played. We can dance in tune with various musical tracks and songs. In our classroom, we enjoy with our friends. Singing and dancing
128 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal in the classroom make us experience a new and joyful feeling. It minimises our boredom and increases our pleasure and happiness. It makes our our day special, with a differentce that we can feel. Let’s practise dancing to the tunes of our classroom song. Classroom Song for Class Four Activity Dancing with the Classroom Song With the rhythm of the classroom song, (recorded audio if possible), let's manage to practise dance in group. In this group dance, all students stand in files with hands on their waist inside the class (or on the playground if indoor movement becomes uncomfortable). Movements of legs (raising and softly stepping on the ground turn by turn: left and right) are repeated in eight counts along with the flow of song. The same dancing movements are performed with free hands. The practice should be performed with the instruction of dance instructor or teacher.
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 129 13.3 Practice of Dancing with Local Song or Songs in Mother Tongue or Child Songs Local song is a song originating among the people living in a certain area. It is generally passed to the next generation by oral tradition. Such songs often exist in several versions, and marked generally by simple modal, melody and verse. In this stage, we practise dancing in any song that is in our community as local or folk song. It may be in any language including our own family language (mother tongue). Activity Dancing with Children's Song With any one of the a favourite English rhymes or Nepali child song, let's manage to practise dance in group. In this group dance, all students stand in groups with comfortable distance or files and practise dancing with the instructions of dance instructor or teacher. 13.4 Acting Acting is the physical expression of a person using gesture, voice, and costume to portray an imaginary environment and role in dramatic presentations with the purpose of entertaining audiences. Acting is all about conjuring up pictures and scenarios that don't exist right now. Acting is based on imagination because it is all about imitating real-life circumstances, thus an actor must be very imaginative. Acting necessitates emotional awareness, as well as creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. Acting has the unique ability to let us make assumptions about information that we can use to guide our behaviour in various situations. We
130 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal may become better actors via hard practice and dedication. Actors are occasionally required to emulate religious and cultural figures such as Gods and Goddesses, as well as other characters from religious tales and stories. Characters like Ram, Krishna, Sita, Draupadi, Rawan, Kansa, and Arjuna are highly defined by their nature, clothes, accessories, and way of life. To play their parts, we need specific materials. Acting is sometimes considered a necessary component of dance. Activity Practise acting on any short drama in your class with the help of your teacher. Practise your role adequately before performing your acting in class. 13.5 Practice of Acting with Dialogue in Group The voice tone of the dialogue makes our acting strong and impressive. Therefore, we need to focus on speaking with real reflection of the situations while acting. People have different voice pitch and tone at different situations. While acting, we need to
Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 131 imagine those situations and try to reflect the real situations in our performance. Activity Act out the role of the prime minister delivering a speech, assuring a big mass of citizen audiences quick developmental activities that will make a positive difference in the country.
132 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 4 Approved by curriculum Development Centre, Nepal Exercise Answer the following questions: 1. What is dancing? Give its meaning. 2. What are the benefits of dancing in arts? 3. Differentiate between acting and dancing. 4. Is acting an indispensible component of dancing? How? 5. What is local dance? 6. What should be kept in mind while acting in group with dialogues? 7. How can we make our acting effective?