31 greenhouse effect and its effect on he air for hours. * * heating by putting a few pinky k. nductor of heat. * * radiation by a black surface and e. iation by a black surface and silvery * * nsils, electric kettle, air conditioner, tion, vacuum flask and household nsequence of heat transmission r to support marine life. eze and sea breeze for moderate in space heating. * * *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Identify and explain some o consequences of heat transfe radiation. Explain how the birds are able their wings and glider is able to which are streams of hot air ris
32 f the everyday applications and er by conduction, convection and to soar for hours without flapping o rise by riding on thermal currents ing in the sky. * *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII LEARNING CONTENTS AND STUDEN Contents: Students' Learning Outcomes Part-I Students will be able to: Unit # 10 Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves 1. Simple harmonic motion (shm) Explain periodic motion 2. Motion of mass attached to a spring Explain motion of a m frictionless horizontal su State the conditions nece shm. 3. Simple pendulum Draw forces acting on a that its motion is shm. Solve problems by usin simple pendulum 4. Waves, their nature and types Describe wave motion a slinky spring and on wate and longitudinal waves. Describe that waves are transfer of matter.
33 SCHEME OF WORK GRADE X NTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES GRADE IX R U Ap. An. E C (18 Periods) with examples. * mass attached to a spring on a rface, hence define shm. essary for an object to oscillate with * * a displaced pendulum and explain ng the formula = 2π √ /for * * as illustrated by vibrations in rope, er surface, hence identify transverse e means of energy transfer without * *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Define the terms speed (v), period (t), amplitude, cre rarefaction. 5. Properties of waves Solve problems by apply Describe properties of w and diffraction with the h Distinguish between m waves. Investigation Skills: Construct a transverse w Construct a longitudinal with a spring. Prove that time period is o Mass of the pend o Amplitude of the Analyze information fr graph for transverse wav Find the value of “g” usin Science, Technology and Society Connections:
34 , frequency (f), wavelength (λ), time est, trough, cycle, compression and * ying the relations = 1 and v = f λ. waves such as reflection, refraction help of wave front in the ripple tank. mechanical and electro-magnetic * * * wave model. * l wave model by hanging a weight * s independent of: dulum pendulum * om the given displacement-time ve motion. * ng simple pendulum. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Compare the diffractio (transmission can be hea cannot reach directly). Unit # 11 Sound (18 periods) 1. Sound waves Describe the longitudina of compressions and rare 2. Speed of sound Define the terms pitch, lo Describe the effect of ch the effect of change in fr 3. Characteristics of sound Describe what is meant sound; give their units al 4. Noise pollution Explain that noise is a he Describe how reflection 5. Ultrasound Explain the importance o Investigation Skills: Identify sources of noise how such noise can be re Estimate the speed of so Describe that some soun
35 on of radiowaves and tv waves ard in such areas where the waves * al nature of sound waves as a series efactions. * oudness and quality of sound. ange in amplitude on loudness and requency on pitch of sound. * * by intensity and intensity level of a lso. * ealth hazards. of sound may produce echo. * * of acoustic protection in buildings. * e in their environment and suggest educed to an acceptable level. * ound in air by echo method. * nds are injurious to health. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Describe how knowledge is applied in the desi acoustics. Describe how ultrasoun and industry. Science, Technology and Society Connections: Explain the use of soft ma classroom studies, and ot Unit # 12 Geometrical Optics (23 periods) 1. Reflection of light from spherical mirrors Describe how total int propagation through opt 2. Image location by spherical mirror formula Describe the mirror form location by spherical mir Solve problems by using index). Define the terminology fo of refraction ‘r’ and refrac the passage of light t material. 3. Refraction of light State the conditions f determine critical angle. 4. Refraction through a prism Describe the passage of angle of deviation.
36 e of the properties of sound waves gn of buildings with respect to * nd techniques are used in medical * aterials to reduce echo sounding in ther public gathering buildings. * ternal reflection is used in light tical fibers. * mula and solve problems of image rrors using mirror formula g the equation sin sin = (refractive * * or the angle of incidence ‘i’ and angle ctive index n = sin i/ sin r and describe through parallel-sided transparent * for total internal reflection and * light through a glass prism to find *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII 5. Image location by lens formula Describe the lens form location by lenses using 6. Magnifying power Define power of a lens a Define the term magnify 7. Compound microscope Draw ray diagram of si magnifying power. Draw ray diagram of com magnifying power. 8. Telescope Draw ray diagram of a te power. Investigation Skills: Perform a first-hand inve index of glass or perspex Plan and perform to find a concave mirror. Plan and investigate the mirror. Plan and investigate the lens. Determine the focal len method.
37 ula and solve problems of image lens formula. * nd its unit. ying power. * * mple microscope and mention its mpound microscope and mention its * * lescope and mention its magnifying * estigation to calculate the refractive x. * d the refractive index of water using * e formation of images by a concave * e formation of images by a convex * ngth of a convex lens by parallax *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Set up a microscope and Plan and determine critic slab or by a prism. Trace the path of a ray measure the angle of de Science, Technology and Society Connections: Describe the use of sphe turns on hilly roads, dent Describe the use of opt and medical field and sta Describe the use of a sing a camera, projector and ray diagrams to show ho Describe the use of len vision defects of the hum Describe the exploration using microscopes and telescopes. Section 4 Electricity & Magnetism Unit # 13 Electrostatics (20 periods
38 d a telescope. * cal angle using a semi-circular glass * of light through a glass prism and viation. * erical mirrors for safe driving, blind tist mirror. * tical fibers in telecommunications ate the advantages of their use. * gle lens as a magnifying glass and in d photographic enlarger and draw ow each forms an image. * ses / contact lenses for rectifying man eye. n of the world of micro- organism by d of distant celestial bodies by * * s)
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII 1. Electric charge Describe simple experim detection of electric cha types of charges. 2. Electrostatic induction Describe experiments t induction. 3. Electroscope Describe the construc electroscope. 4. Coulomb’s law State and explain coulom Solve problems by using 5. Electric field and its intensity Define electric field and Describe electric field o pattern of field lines. 6. Electrostatic potential Describe the concept of 7. Applications of electrostatics Describe one situation in and the precautions take discharged safely. 8. Capacitor and its different types Describe that the capac device and recognize diff Investigation Skills: Demonstrate the existen
39 ments to show the production and arge and state that there are two * to show electrostatic charging by * ction and working principle of * mb’s law. coulomb’s law. * * electric field intensity. f positive and negative charges as * * electrostatic potential. * which static electricity is dangerous en to ensure that static electricity is * itor is a charge and energy storing ferent types of capacitors. * nce of different kinds of charges. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Demonstrate that like ch charges attract each oth Detect the type of charg Science, Technology and Society Connections: Describe the use of elec paint and dust extraction List the use of capacitors Unit # 14 current electricity (23 periods) 1. Electric current Define electric current conventional current. 2. Potential difference and emf Understand the poten component and name its 3. Ohm’s law Describe ohm’s law a resistance and its unit (ω 4. Resistance Describe the factors affe conductor. Sketch and interpret th metallic conductor, a fila 5. Series and parallel combinations Construct simple series (multiple paths) and calc number of resistances co
40 harges repel each other and unlike er using an electroscope. * e on a body using an electroscope. * ctrostatic charging e.g. Spraying of n. s in various electrical appliances. * * t and describe the concept of * ntial difference across a circuit s unit. * nd its limitations, hence define ω). * ecting the resistances of a metallic he v-i characteristics graph for a ament lamp and a thermister. * * (single path) and parallel circuits culate the effective resistance of a nnected in series and also in parallel. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII 6. The v-i characteristics for ohmic and non-ohmic conductors Apply the equation e = i problems. 7. Electrical power and joule’s law Describe how energy i explain joule’s law. 8. Use of circuit components Calculate the cost of ene State reason why dome parallel. 9. Measuring instruments: a. Voltmeter b. Galvanometer c. Ammeter Describe the use of e galvanometer, ammeter working principles is not Investigation Skills: Measure the electric cur cell in a given circuit with Measure the potential d Bulb Battery or cell in a given Investigate that voltage a same in parallel circuit. Verify ohms’ law by devi
41 i.vt = i 2 rt = v 2 t/r to solve numerical * is dissipated in a resistance and * ergy when given the cost per kwh. estic appliances are connected in * * electrical measuring devices like r and voltmeter (construction and required). * rent through a bulb using battery or h the help of an ammeter. * ifference across a circuit using voltmeter. * across all the components remains sing an experiment. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Determine the resistance and an ammeter. Plan, choose equipments investigation to construc electrical components. Determine the resistan deflection method. Science, Technology, and Society Connections: Write a paragraph by i without electricity. Identify ways to reduce e life. Calculate the total cost month (30 days) at home Predict the behaviour o circuits such as for festiv Suggest ways how it can the comforts and benefit Describe the damages o on the human body. Explain the under lying p controls of radio and TV.
42 e of a resistor using a voltmeter * or resources and perform a firsthand ct a model household circuit using * nce of a galvanometer by half * imagining what life would be like * electricity consumption in everyday * t of electrical energy used in one e. * of light bulbs in series and parallel ve lights. * be reduced without compromising ts of electricity. * f an electric shock from appliances * principles in the working of volume . *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Identify the use of fuses insulation and other household electricity. Unit # 15 Electromagnetism (23 periods) 1. Magnetic effect of a steady current Explain by describing an in a conductor produces 2. Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field Describe that a force ac placed in a magnetic fie parallel to the magnetic f 3. Turning effect on a current carrying coil in a magnetic field State that a current c experiences a torque. 4. D.c motor Relate the turning effec motor. 5. Electromagnetic induction Describe an experiment field can induce emf in a List factors affecting the 6. Alternating current and A.C generator Describe a simple form o alternating current. Distinguish between D.C 7. Mutual induction and transformer Describe mutual inductio Identify that a transform induction between two c Describe the uses of tran
43 s, circuit breakers, earthing, double safety measures in relation to * experiment that an electric current a magnetic field around it. * cts on a current carrying conductor eld as long as the conductor is not field. * carrying coil in a magnetic field * ct on a coil to the action of a D.C. * to show that a changing magnetic circuit. magnitude of an induced emf. * * of A.C generator and hence explain C and A.C. * * on. mer works on the principle of mutual coils. nsformers in A.C circuits. * * *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Investigation Skills: Conduct an experiment field of Bar magnet Circular coil carrying cur Magnetic compass Investigate to generate e in a coil or a coil near a m Investigate to identify th and direction of the elec magnetic field. Science, Technology and Society Connections: Describe the applicatio electric current in relay, breaker. Analyze and describe domestic technological s to magnetic field e.g. El and components in computers, doorbells, te Describe the historical dev magnetic fields e.g. Elect
44 to identify the pattern of magnetic rent, using iron filings * electric current by moving a magnet magnet. * he factors that affect the magnitude ctric current induced by a changing * on of the magnetic effects of an door-latch, loudspeaker and circuit * the operation of industrial and system based on principles related lectric motors, electric generators, home entertainment system, elephones. * velopment of technologies related to tric motors and generators, medical *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII equipment, loudspeaker devices (audio-video cass Identify the role of transf power station to your ho List the use of transfor various purposes at your Unit # 16 Introductory Electronics (23 periods) 1. Thermionic emission Explain the process of th 2. Electron gun and cathode rays Describe the simple cons as a source of electron b 3. Deflection of electron by electric field Explain the production o thermionic emission from 4. Deflection of electron by magnetic field Describe the effect of ele electron beam. 5. Cathode rays oscilloscope (cro) Describe the basic princip State the basic operation 6. Introduction to electronics Differentiate between an 7. Analogue and digital electronics Identify and draw the sy gates i.e. Not, or, and, no
45 rs, magnetic information storage ettes). formers in power transmission from ouse. rmer (step-up and step-down) for r home. * ) hermionic emission from a filament. * struction and use of an electron gun beam. * of electron beam by the process of m a filament. * ectric field and magnetic field on an * ple of cro and make a list of its uses. ns of digital electronics. * nalogue and digital systems. * mbols and truth tables for the logic or and nand. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII 8. Logic gates Describe the simple uses Investigation Skills: Verify truth tables of not Make burglar alarm / fire Science, Technology and Society Connections: Compare an analogue w with reference to energ dials. Identify the use of logi Burglar alarm, fire exting Recognize that a comput very large number of gat Identify that the comput technology. Realize that digital elec electrical appliances to h Unit # 17 Information and Communication Technolog 1. Transducers Explain the working of m and light emitting diode
46 s of logic gates. * t, or, and, nor and nand gates. * e alarm using an appropriate gate * rist watch with a digital wrist watch gy conversions and time display on * c gates for security purposes e.g. uisher etc. * ter is a systematic arrangement of a tes. * ters are the forefront of electronic * ctronics is shifting from low-tech high-tech electronic appliances. * gy (16 periods) microphone, loudspeaker, photocell (led). *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII 2. Flow of information Explain briefly the transm electric signals throug Radio waves through air light signals through 3. Storing information Describe functions and u 4. Handling information Describe the use of inf hard discs, compact disc Identify that information in two forms i.e. Text an Identify the functions of monitoring and controlling Investigation Skills: Analyze and describe the in cell phone. Design and construct a s (intercom). Identify various informa their advantages. Use e-mail and explor information and commu Science, Technology and Society Connections:
47 mission of: h wires optical fibers * use of cell phone and computer. * formation storage devices such as s and flash drive. n is basically stored and transferred d graphic. word processing, data managing, g. * * * e energy transformations that occur * imple communication system * ation storage devices and compare * re internet to search the latest nication devices. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Compare the advantag devices with the tradi internet search. Assess the risks and bene of introducing ict e.g. Ef activities, health and tra Make a list of the use o fields of daily life. Unit # 18 Radioactivity (16 periods) 1. Atom and atomic nucleus Describe the structure of electrons. Describe the compositio and neutrons. 2. Natural radioactivity Explain that number of one element from the ot Represent various nuclid number z, nucleon numb 3. Natural transmutations Explain that some nuclei get rid of excess energy a Describe that the three t 4. Background radiation Show an awareness o radiation and its sources
48 ges of high-tech communication tional system through library or * efits to society and the environment ffects on personal privacy, criminal nsfer of information. * of computer technology in various * f an atom in terms of a nucleus and n of the nucleus in terms of protons * * protons in a nucleus distinguishes ther. des by using the symbol of proton ber a and the nuclide notation x. * * i are unstable, give out radiation to and are said to be radioactive. types of radiation are α, β and γ. * * of the existence of background s. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII State mass-energy equa related to it. Describe that radioactiv space and time. Explain that an element when radioactivity occur State, for radioactive em Their natu Their rela Their rela 5. Half life Explain the meaning of and apply it for radioacti 6. Radioisotopes Describe what radioisot useful for various applica Represent changes in th symbolic equations wh emitted. 7. Fission and fusion Describe briefly the proc 8. Hazards and safety measures Describe hazards of radio Investigation Skills: Make calculations based information in tables or
49 ation e = mc 2 and solve problems ve emissions occur randomly over may change into another element rs. missions: ure tive ionizing effects tive penetrating abilities. * * * * half -life of a radioactive material ive dating e.g. Carbon dating. * topes are and what makes them ations? he composition of the nucleus by hen alpha or beta particles are * * cesses of fission and fusion. * oactive materials. * d on half-life which might involve shown by decay curves. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Determine the half-life o by using a graph of num versus time. Science, Technology and Society Connections: Describe how radioacti stored and disposed of, Make a list of some appli agriculture and industria
50 of a sample of radioactive material ber of radioactive nuclei or activity * ive materials are handled, used, in a safe way. * cations of radioisotopes in medical, al fields. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII
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CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII SCHEME OF WORK LEARNING CONTENTS AND STUDENTS' LEARNING Contents: Students' Learning Outcomes Part-I(Mechanics) Students will be able to: Unit-1(MEASUREMENT) The Scope of Physics Describe the scope of Physics in scie SI Basic and Derived Units State and define SI base units and d measurements. Discuss the relation of SI base units respect to various measurements. Express derived units as products o Errors and Uncertainties Realize all measurements contain so Distinguish between systematic erro random errors. Infer that least count or resolution o the smallest increment measurable Precision and Accuracy Differentiate between Precision and Evaluate absolute uncertainty in a m relative uncertainty (Percentage Err Indicate answers in scientific notatio significant figures and units in all nu Investigation Skills/Laboratory Work
52 GRADE XI OUTCOMES GRADE XI(SUBJECT:PHYSICS) R U Ap. An. E C ence, technology and Society. * derived units for various * and derived units with r quotients of the base units. * ome uncertainty? * ors (including zero errors) and * of a measuring instrument is by it. * d Accuracy in a measurement. * measurement and calculate or) * ons with correct no. of merical and practical work. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Demonstrate the information of gen laboratory and proper use of safety Measure, using appropriate techniq temperature and electrical quantitie analogue scales and digital displays interval by ticker timer and by C.R.O Measure length and diameter of a so estimate its volume quoting proper Explain the importance of increasing experiment. Science, Technology and Society Connections Present data in a well-structured ta interpretation (e.g. ball bearings inv Display data by drawing appropriate Interpret the information from linea by measuring slopes and intercepts Argue that all daily life measuremen extent. Unit-2(VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM) Cartesian coordinate system Use the Cartesian coordinate system Addition of vectors by head to tail rule Determine the sum of vectors using Addition of vectors by perpendicular components Resolve a vector into two perpendic Calculate the sum of vectors using p
53 neral safety rules of the equipment. * ues, the length, mass, time, es by making use of both particularly short time O. * olid cylinder and hence number of significant figures. * g the number of readings in an * bular form for easy vestigation). * e graphs for the above. * ar or nonlinear graphs/curves in newspaper or magazines * nts are uncertain to some * m. * head to tail rule. * cular components. * perpendicular components. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Scalar product of two vectors Explain scalar product of two vecto them. Vectors product of two vectors Explain vector product of two vecto them. Point out the method to determine product of two vectors. Torque Define the torque as vector product Describe applications of torque or M Equilibrium of forces and Torques Verify first condition of equilibrium equilibrium. Solve equilibrium problems involvin Investigation Skills/Laboratory Work Determine the weight of a body by v rectangular components. Verify the two conditions of equilibr rod. Science, Technology and Society Connections Identify the use of long handle span Explain why the height of racing ca Explain why buses and heavy trucks Describe how cranes are able to lift toppling. Unit-3(FORCES AND MOTION) Displacement Describe Distance and Displacement
54 rs in term of angle between * rs in term of angle between * the direction of vector * t i.e . r x F. * Moment of force * m and Second condition of * ng forces in two dimensions. * vector addition of forces using * rium using a suspended metre * ner to turn a bolt. * rs is kept low. * have large steering wheels. * very heavy loads without * t. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Average velocity and instantaneous velocity Compare average speed and averag Describe average velocity, instantan velocity and uniform velocity. Average acceleration and instantaneous acceleration Define and explain average and insta Understand positive and negative ac variable acceleration. Describe motion in straight line and and velocity-time graphs of objects Review of equations of uniformly accelerated motion Apply equation of uniformly acceler problems. Inertia and Newton's 1st Law of Motion Define mass as the property of bod motion i.e inertia and state and exp motion. Momentum and Newton's 2nd Law of Motion Describe the Newton’s second law o momentum. Impulse Calculate impulse of force in an even tennis racket hitting a ball using Forc Newton's 3rd Law and Law of Conservation of Momentum Co-relate Newton’s third law of mot momentum. Conclude that momentum is conserv
55 e velocity. * neous velocity, variable * antaneous acceleration. * * cceleration, uniform and * interpret displacement-time moving along the straight line. * ated motion to solve * y which resist change in lain Newton's 1st Law of * of motion as rate of change of * nt such as bat hitting a ball or ce-Time Graph * tion and conservation of * ved in all situations. *
CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICS GRADES IX- XII Describe that while momentum of a in interaction between bodies some place. Elastic collisions in one dimension Identify that for a perfectly elastic c approach is equal to the relative spe Solve different problems of elastic a between two bodies in one dimensi conservation of momentum. Projectile motion Demonstrate that projectile motion a vertical plane. Create the ideas of a projectile in th that. Horizontal component (VH) of veloc Acceleration is in the vertical directi a vertically free falling object. (c) The Horizontal motion and vertic each other. Evaluate using equations of uniform a given initial velocity of frictionless (a) How higher does it go? (b) How far would it go along the level land (c) Where would it be after a given time? (d) How long will it remain in air? Determine for a projectile launched (a) Launch angle that results in the maximu