AQUACULTURE NC III
OPERATING CATFISH HATCHERY
MODULE 1
LAY-OUT, DESIGNING AND
CONSTRUCTING A CATFISH
HATCHERY
Learner’s Guide
CONTENTS
How to Use This Competency Based Learning Material 5
Module Description and Summary of Learning Outcomes 8
LEARNING OUTCOME #1. Draw and Set Up a Complete Hatchery for Catfish 10
Information Sheet # 1-1 Different Types of Fish Tanks/Ponds for Breeding 13
Information Sheet # 1-2 Different Types of Life Support Systems/ Facilities 15
Job Sheet # 1-1 Identify the Different Parts of a Catfish Hatchery That 17
Will Be Set Up
Information Sheet # 1-3 Critical Considerations in Site Selection 20
Information Sheet # 1-4 Information that Should Be Included in a Site Plan 22
Information Sheet # 1-5 Basic Considerations in Designing a Catfish Hatchery 24
Job Sheet # 1-2 Draw to Scale to Show the Uses and Structures 28
Proposed For a Parcel of Land Selected as the Site
Information Sheet # 1-6 for the Hatchery Construction 29
Information Sheet # 1-7 Basic Designs of Hatchery Structures 34
Essential Points in Drafting or Reading Construction
Job Sheet # 1-3 Plans 35
Procedure for Drafting the Layout and Construction
Information Sheet # 1-8 Plan 39
Applicable Provisions of RA 8550- The Fisheries
Self Check # 1-1 Code Of the Philippines 41
Answer Key # 1-1 42
LEARNING OUTCOME #2: Determining Pond Materials and Equipment 45
Information Sheet # 2- 1 Description of Different Materials to Be Used 48
Job Sheet # 2-1 Identify and Prepare the Materials to be Used for 51
Construction Of Hatchery
Job Sheet # 2-2 Prepare the Bill of Materials and Summary Cost 52
Estimates
Information Sheet # 2-2 Basic Considerations in Selecting Pumps 55
Job Sheet # 2-3 Procedure for Determining Pump Capacities 57
Information Sheet # 2-3 Aeration Devices 61
Job Sheet # 2-4 Procedure for Determining the Type of Aerators 64
Self Check # 2-1 66
Answer Key # 2-1 Construct Hatchery Facilities 67
Learning Outcome # 3. Ordering and Stocking Construction Materials 69
Information Sheet # 3-1 Procedure for Ordering and Stocking Construction 71
Job Sheet # 3-1 Materials 73
Procedure for convening a pre-construction forum to
Job Sheet # 3-2 gather and Analyze all Relevant Documents 74
Personal Protective Equipment
Information Sheet # 3-2 General Safety Practices at Jobsite 76
Information Sheet # 3-3 Procedure for Ensuring Safety in the Workplace 77
Job Sheet #3-3 83
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 1
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Self Check #3-1 Install Life Support System 84
Answer Key #3-1 Components of Life Support 85
Learning Outcome # 4. Determining a Suitable Piping System 86
Information Sheet # 4-1 Procedure for Analyzing Your Piping System or a 87
Information Sheet # 4-2 Piping System You are Considering 90
Job Sheet #4-1 Determining the Type of Aerators 92
Procedure for Evaluating an Aerator
Information Sheet #4-3 Filtration and Bio-filtration Systems 95
Job Sheet #4-2 Important Considerations in Choosing the Power 98
Information Sheet #4-4 Plant 99
Information Sheet #4-5 Powering Life Support Systems 102
Job Sheet# 4-3 Fabricate Egg Incubator Based on Specification 104
Self Check # 4-1 Basics of Fish Egg Artificial Incubator 107
Answer Key # 4-1 Procedure for Identifying Types of Egg Incubators 108
Learning Outcome 5. Managing the Conical Incubator 110
Information Sheet #5-1 Procedure for Fabricating a Conical Incubator 112
Job Sheet#5-1 114
Information Sheet #5-2 116
Job Sheet #5-2 117
Self Check # 5-1 123
Answer Key # 5-1 124
Performance Assessment
125
Evidence Plan 127
Performance Test 129
Assessment Instruments 132
Record of Achievement 137
Learner’s Diary 138
GLOSSARY
141
List of Acronyms
List of Technical Terms
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 2
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome to the module on Lay-out, Designing and Constructing a Catfish
Hatchery. This module contains training activities and materials for you to complete. This
unit of competency Operate Catfish Hatchery contains knowledge, skills and attitudes
required for Aquaculture Technician. It is one of the specialized modules at National
Certificate Level (NC III).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete
each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are Job Sheets and
Information Sheets. (Reference materials for further reading to help you better
understand the required activities.) Follow these activities on your own and answer the
self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may get a blank answer sheet at the
end of each module from your facilitator/trainer to write your answers for each self- check.
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s
guide because you have:
• been working for some time
• already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill or
skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you don’t have to do the
same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from
previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and
relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can
present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with
your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record important
dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in providing further
details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of Achievement is also provided for your
trainer to complete once you complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency in
Operating Catfish Hatchery. This will be the source of information for you to acquire
knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
• Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training of this
unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections, which cover
all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete this module;
• Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
Read information sheets and complete the self – check. Suggested references
are included to supplement the materials provided in this module;
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 3
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
• Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/she is
there to support you and show you the correct way to do things;
• Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when
you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and take notes.
• You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way you
will improve your speed and memory as well as your confidence.
• Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
• Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own
progress.
• When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities
outlined in the module.
• As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this reason. When
you have successfully completed each element, ask your trainer to mark on the
reports that you are ready for assessment.
• When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel confident
that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will arrange an appointment
with registered assessor to assess you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your competency Achievement Record.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 4
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
LEARNING STRUCTURE
This module is divided into the following sections. They are presented in the order that
they occur in this module:
Layout and Set- Up A Complete Hatchery for Catfish
Determine Pond Materials and Equipment
Construct Catfish Hatchery Facilities
Install Life Support System
Fabricate Egg Incubator
MODULE DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 5
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
SECTOR : AGRI-FISHERY
QUALIFICATION : AQUACULTURE NC III
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : OPERATE CATFISH HATCHERY
MODULE TITLE : Layout, Designing and Constructing a
Catfish Hatchery
MODULE DESCRIPTION:
This module covers the lay-out and setting up of the catfish hatchery determining
materials and equipment, constructing hatchery facilities, installing life support
system and fabricating egg incubators.
SUGGESTED DURATION :
The total duration is 2 months and 24 hours or a total of 240 hours.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the completion of the module, the trainees/students should be able to:
LO1: Layout and set-up a complete hatchery for the catfish
LO2: Determine pond materials and equipment
LO3: Construct catfish hatchery facilities
LO4: Install life support system
LO5: Fabricate egg incubator based on specification.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Different parts of a catfish hatchery are identified.
2. Different parts of catfish hatchery are laid-out/drawn.
3. Different materials used in catfish hatchery are identified and prepared.
4. Equipment to be used are selected and prepared.
5. Required materials are selected and prepared.
6. Hatchery facilities are identified and constructed according to plan.
7. Life support systems are identified and prepared.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 6
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
8. Different parts of the system are identified and prepared.
9. Life support systems are installed.
10. Types of egg incubators are identified.
11. Components of egg incubators are identified and prepared.
12. Knowledge in the fabrication must be achieved.
13. Specification plans are followed.
QUALIFICATION : AQUACULTURE NC III
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 7
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Operate Catfish Hatchery
MODULE TITLE
: Layout, Designing and Constructing a
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Catfish Hatchery
: Draw and set up a complete hatchery
for catfish.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Different parts of a catfish hatchery are identified.
2. Different parts of catfish hatchery are laid-out/drawn.
CONTENTS
1. Catfish Hatchery, Design and Components
2. Technical Drawing
RESOURCES
Equipment and Facilities Tools and Instruments Supplies and Materials
1. The complete set of 1. Calculator 1. Writing pads
2. Writing instruments
working plans (site plan, 2. Architect’s scale 3. Drawing paper of the
floor plan, elevation plan,
project
etc.) 4. Canvass form
REFERENCES/ RESEARCH MATERIALS
Fermin AC, Bolivar MEC. 1996. Weaning of the Asian catfish, Clarias macrocephalus
(Gunther), larvae to formulated dry diet. In Santiago CB, RM Coloso, OM
Millamena, IG Borlongan (editors), Feeds for Small- Scale Aquaculture, pp. 83-87.
Republic Act No. 8550, Fisheries Code of the Philippines
Santiago CB, Gonzal AC. 1997. Growth and reproductive performance of the Asian
catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) fed artificial diets. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 13: 37-40
Tan-Fermin JD, Miura T, Adachi A, Yamauchi K. 1999. Seminal plasma composition,
sperm motility, and milt dilution in the Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus
(Gunther). Aquaculture 171: 323-338
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 8
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Tan-Fermin JD, Pagador RR, Chavez RC. 1997. LHRHa and pimozide-induced spawning
of Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) at different times during an
annual reproductive cycle. Aquaculture 148: 323-331
Wilson, Robert. 1991. "Channel Catfish." In: Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of
Finfish. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 35-54.
Young, M.J.A., Fast, A.W., Olin, P. 1989. Induced maturation and spawning of the
Chinese catfish Clarias fuscus. World Aquaculture Society, 20(1):-11.
METHODOLOGY
1. Traditional/ Lecture type
2. Discussion
3. Application
Learning Outcome #1: Layout and set-up a complete catfish hatchery
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 9
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. In the workshop with appropriate Select and decide on the types of fish
guidance and materials, the trainees will tanks/ponds for breeding and life
perform the correct steps and prepare support systems/ facilities for preparing
the requirements in layout, designing to set up the hatchery;
and constructing a catfish hatchery Choose the type of structures that
should be planned for as components
1.1 Read Information Sheets # 1-1, of the hatchery.
“Different Types of Fish Tanks and Prepare a site plan.
Ponds” and #1-2, “Different Types
of Life Support Systems/ Facilities”. Prepare the layout design of the
hatchery.
1.2 Perform Job Sheet # 1-1,
“Identifying the different parts of a
catfish hatchery”.
1.3 Read Information Sheet # 1-3,
“ Critical considerations in site
selection” to #1-5, “Basic
Considerations in Designing a
Catfish Hatchery”.
1.4 Perform Job Sheet # 1-2, “Site
Planning”.
1.5 Read Information Sheet # 1-6,
“Basic Designs of Hatchery
Structures” and # 1-7, Essential
Points in Drafting or Reading
Construction Plans’.
1.6 Perform Job Sheet #1-3,
“Procedure for Drafting the Layout
and Construction Plans”.
1.7 Read Information Sheet # 1-8, “
Applicable Provisions of RA 8550,
Fisheries Code of the Philippines”.
2. Answer Self-Check # 1-1 Read Self-Check # 1-1, questions and
3. Check your answer write down your answers.
Refer to Answer Key#1-1 and check if
you got the right answers.
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-1
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 10
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISH TANKS/PONDS FOR BREEDING
• The breeding method is highly influenced by the location of the proposed site of
the project, and to a certain extent, the technology possessed by management and
the project team.
o Brood-stock and Larvae/Fry Compartments - These are tanks or cages where
breeder male and female catfish are maintained to 1) mature and develop, 2)
spawn and breed, and 3) rejuvenate after a mating and spawning process.
Brood-stock Development Tanks/Cages - These are tanks or cages where
selected male and female juveniles are kept and conditioned to maturity.
Breeding Tanks - These are tanks where sexually mature male and female
breeders are confined to spawn and breed. For example, tilapia female
breeders spawn their eggs in nests built by male breeders, for the male
breeders to fertilize said eggs with latter’s milt. Upon fertilization, the female
then gathers all the fertilized eggs in her mouth for incubation.
Breeder Conditioning
Tanks/Cages - These are tanks
where male and female
breeders are kept separately
after each breeding cycle to
condition them for the next
breeding cycle.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 11
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Larvae / Yolk Sac Nursery –
These are tanks or containers
where newly hatched fry are
kept and tended. It is also here
where the technique of direct
hormonal sex-reversal process
is practiced by some tilapia
hatchery facilities to produce a
population that is
predominantly- male. It is in
these facilities where the fry are
periodically sized and
separated according to size.
Fry Rearing Compartment(s) - These are compartments where size-
differentiated fry are kept and tended for disposal as fingerlings.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 12
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-2
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS/FACILITIES
o Water Supply - In net/cage culture in dams and reservoirs, water is relatively less
of a problem since the supply of fresh water is assured by the natural flow and
circulation within the vast body of water. But in pond and tank cultures, facilities
are needed to ensure fresh water supply when it is needed.
In pond culture, water gates are set up to control the inflow of fresh water from
the source to the ponds;
In tank culture, pumps and piping systems are installed to continuously supply
tanks with fresh water.
o Water Drainage - This is rarely a problem in net/cage culture. But in pond and
tank cultures, the drainage system ensures 1) that spent water and effluents are
discharged from the pond/tank to avoid contamination, and 2) it offers ease in
harvesting and periodic cleaning of ponds/tanks.
o Aeration System - In semi- and highly-
Intensive Pond culture, and most
especially in tank culture, an aeration
system is a must. The system
includes a pump which forces air
through a piping system to escape as
air bubbles from strategic locations
and depths in the pond/tank to renew
dissolved oxygen (DO) supplies and
remove waste.
AERATOR & O2 TANK
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 13
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
WATER AREATOR COLUMN
o Filtering System - This is used in tank cultures that employ the recirculating
system. As contrasted with the flow-through system where water overflows from
the tanks are discarded, in the recirculating system, the water overflows are
collected, filtered through materials that normally include biofilters, and then
recycled back to the tanks.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 14
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
JOB SHEET# 1-1
TITLE: IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT PARTS OF A CATFISH
HATCHERY
Purpose To identify the different parts of a catfish hatchery that
will be set up
Equipment, Tools and Materials Ball pen, columnar pad, notebook
Precautions None
Procedures
STEP 1: Identify and determine the compartments of the hatchery facility
appropriate to the type of incubation method to be used: natural or artificial
incubation method, or both.
1.1 Identify the different compartments of a basic hatchery facility using the
natural incubation method.
A basic catfish hatchery facility using the natural incubation method includes
compartments for: 1) breeders, 2) nursery, and 3) rearing.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 15
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
1.2 Identify the compartment of a facility using artificial incubation method
For facilities that use artificial incubation, a fourth and separate structure is required to
house the artificial incubators.
Artificial Incubator Facilities are normally housed in a separate roofed structure and
are normally required when the hatchery method to be adopted is through artificial
incubation. In this method, the fertilized eggs are transferred to artificial incubators where
the eggs hatch.
1.3 Identify the compartments that should be added or used if the hatchery to be
set up is technologically advanced
A fifth facility, conditioning compartments are used by technologically advanced
hatcheries to increase the spawning of breeders
STEP 2: Determine the breeding method to be practiced in order to identify the
type of fish tanks or ponds structures to be used.
Fish Tanks/ Ponds. The construction of these essential facilities differs depending on the
breeding method to be practiced: 1) pond culture, 2) net/cage culture, or 3) tank culture.
( Please refer to Information Sheet #1.)
STEP 3: Determine the life support systems to be included in the hatchery.
Life Support Systems/Facilities. For all types of catfish breeding and culture methods,
water supply and drainage is a principal life support system. In highly-intensive cultures
such as in recirculating tank culture, the aeration system and the filtering system also play
very important roles. (Please refer to Information Sheet # 2 for details.)
STEP 4: Identify the support facilities that will be included in the hatchery to be
set up.
• Support Facilities : These usually include 1) office/records room, 2)
laboratory/examination/observation room, 3) mechanical/ tool room, 4 feeds
storage facility, and 5) staff room.
o Office/Records Room - This is the place the technical staff of the facility can
hold office, conduct meetings, etc. There should also be facilities where all
records, reports, documents, and the like can be kept and stored in a
systematic manner.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 16
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
o Laboratory/Examination/Observation Room - This is the place where close
observation of samples are performed for diagnostic and treatment
purposes.
o Mechanical/Tool Room - This is a central control and storage facility for all
mechanical and electrical tools, equipment, supplies, etc.
o Feeds Storage Facility – Stock room for feeds.
o Staff Quarters - Lodging facilities for staff/workers some of whom may be
required to spend the night at the facility for close monitoring and
maintenance or security requirements.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 17
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-3
CRITICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SITE SELECTION
Hatchery facilities are very expensive to build, and once built, it is more or less permanent
to that location. Proper evaluation should therefore to be made on the proposed site of
the catfish hatchery.
• Water Supply. Water supply is the single most important factor to consider in
selecting site for a fisheries project. The proposed site must be located in an area
that is:
o Very accessible to free and adequate supply of water all-year-round. The
elevation of the area should be accessible to free gravitational flow of water. If
not, its elevation compared to the water level should not pose too much of a
problem in the efficient pumping of water;
o The available water meets the quality standards appropriate for the type of
fisheries project. Adequate investigation must be made to ensure that it is, and
will remain to be so for the life-duration of the project, free from pollution and
contamination.
• Soil Characteristics. Be conscious of the following soil characteristics:
o Look for:
clay, clay loan, sandy loam soils with deposit of organic matter of about
16%;
Hard mud of the above types are preferable to the soft and very loose kind;
Ensure that the soil will hold water; and,
The Ph value of the soil is within the desirable range of 7-9.
o Avoid the following:
Sandy, rocky or stony soils because these do not retain water in the ponds;
also,
Areas with thick deposits of organic debris since these are very poor
materials for constructing dikes.
• Topography. The following topographical conditions are critical:
o Choose flat terrain for ease in excavation and leveling. Rolling and inclined
surfaces require more excavation works at the construction stage, and more
often than not, pose problems in the efficient flow of water and effluents in the
day-to-day operations of the project.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 18
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
o Avoid areas that are prone to flooding and strong surface-water run-offs during
strong rains.
• Other Important Factors. Other very important factors to consider in determining
the site of the project are:
o Proximity to the market for products, and to the source of inputs to the project;
o Availability of skilled and reliable labor;
o Peace and order condition prevailing in the area.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 19
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-4
INFORMATION THAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN A SITE PLAN
• Site Plan. A Site Plan is a plan drawn to scale showing the uses and structures
proposed for a parcel of land. Site Plans are drawn to determine the placement of
facilities on the lot. A plot plan again is an overhead view of the construction site
and the facilities as it sits in reference to the boundaries of the lot. Plot plans
outline location of utility services, setback requirements (if any), easements,
location of drives and walks, and sometimes even topographical data that specifies
the slope of the terrain. The plot plan indicates the exact placement of all the
facilities relative to the land where such facilities will be erected. A Site Plan
should include the following information:
1. Lot lines and dimensions.
2. Location of existing and proposed buildings properly dimensioned from property
lines.
3. Location of buildings on adjoining and abutting lots with note as to height in
stories.
4. Uses of adjoining and abutting lots.
5. All parking and loading facilities showing stalls, access, circulation, docks, ramps
and curb cuts and all fences, dimensioned.
6. Locations of all trash containers.
7. All existing and proposed easements.
8. All setback lines, properly dimensioned.
9. All contiguous and adjacent properties, streets and alleys, showing centerline
and both curb lines; street widths, right-of-way lines and street names.
10. Lot size, lot coverage, building area (by floor) and total floor area to lot size ratio.
The site plan is a dynamic document, evolving through the life of a job:
o At the proposal stage: The early stage site plan is usually very limited in detail,
containing only enough dimensional data to define the outer limits of the
available property selected for plant development. Located within the
boundaries of the available property, rough equipment sizes and shapes are
pictorially positioned. along with anticipated pipe rack configurations, structure
shape and rough sizes. The plot plan at this level of detail is then used for
constructability evaluation and is normally submitted to the owners/investors for
approval. Development of the plot plan in the very early stages is usually
accomplished through the use of preliminary project design data, approximate
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 20
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
equipment sizes and a process flow diagram to establish rough sketches.
These sketches are used to determine structure configuration and relative
equipment positioning.
o At the planning operational planning stage: Once approved, all functional
groupings use the plot plan as a pictorial reference for their work. At this point,
the plot plan becomes a universal document used by all groups to interface
with one another and the owners/investors. More details are added and exact
specifications are inputted.
o Construction stage: releases the constructor to begin activities related to
equipment location, such as roads, pile driving, underground piping,
foundations, etc. It is the single document containing all equipment, structure
and road locations.
In addition to depicting relative and specific positioning of equipment, site plans
help in the establishment of support facilities and are used to determine the most
cost-effective construction sequence and methods. They are also used to assure
proper operator and maintenance access while maintaining engineering efficiency,
and they are also used for operational needs such as training and emergency
access, as well as facilitating insurance ratings.
Designers that develop plot plans are usually persons that can do development
type work using original thought and utilizing minimal process, utility and
equipment information. The plot plan designer must also know the functions of
engineering, construction, operations and maintenance in order to envision and
anticipate mechanical problems and emergencies that may occur in the future.
Breeders Breeders Additional Structure for
Walkway Walkway Rearing
Walkway
Nursery Rearing Artificial Incubators
Walkway Walkway Walkway
Office/ Records Room Feed Storage Room Loading Facility
Laboratory / Observation
Room Parking Area Parking Area
Mechanical/ tool room
Front Gate
< --------------------------------------Property line ----------------------------------------------------------Æ
Sample Site Plan
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 21
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-5
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNING A CATFISH HATCHERY
There are no template designs for catfish hatchery facilities. The actual location, the
type of culture, the technology to be used, the topography and terrain, the ingresses and
egresses, availability of local or indigenous materials, and many other factors come into
play in the design and layout for a specific hatchery. Nevertheless, there are certain
guidelines or parameters that should be considered when one is designing and lay-outing
a specific project:
• Appropriateness of Facilities to Technology. One need not bother so much
about wind direction when it will adopt tank culture, as much as it will if it were to
adopt pond culture! But consistency of supply of electricity, more sophisticated
laboratory/Examination and Mechanical/Tool rooms, and reliable aeration and
filtering systems will take much attention when one will embark on a highly-
intensive culture compared to another that will engage in net/cage culture in
natural ponds and reservoirs. The facilities must be appropriate to the technology
of breeding and hatchery operations to be implemented. Plan for the facilities that
you will be using, and required based on a pre-decided set of technologies and
operating procedures.
• Optimal Allocation and Use of Space. Plan for relative space requirements:
Determine space requirements at each stage and provide proportionate space
allocations. Determine also the interrelationships of facilities; then make fine-
tuning adjustments in space allocations.
• Preferred Method of Culture
o Fishponds and Hapa Net Cages. The construction and maintenance of
fishponds and Hapa net cages may be less costly. However, their openness to
the natural environments create the following problems:
• They are more susceptible to “invasion” of stray tilapia species which would
undermine the purity of the genetic line of the broodstock;
• The temperature and quality of water is much less controllable;
• There is much more risk of food contamination/rotting and greater exposure
to diseases.
o Concrete Tanks. The construction of concrete tanks may require more
financial resources. However, it is the environment that responds to the
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 22
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
weaknesses of fishponds and hapa net cages. Space requirements are
reduced. Management is made simple: minimal servicing in terms of waste
removal, ease in feeding, cleaning, health monitoring, prophylaxis, disease
detection and treatment, and efficient feed usage.
Considering the net effect on the productivity of developed breeders, and the
convenience it offers to the process of having to frequently conduct physical
examination and evaluation of the development of breeders, the tank option
may prove to be the most cost-effective breeding environment in the long run.
• Egg Incubation and Fry Production Method. Three methods are available:
o Natural Incubation. In this method, the female breeder is relied upon to
incubate the eggs and rear the newly-hatched fry. This method dispenses with
the need for artificial incubators, and also saves time in labor. However, fry
production is not expected to meet optimal levels principally due to
cannibalism. In addition, the productivity of female breeders is compromised.
For the duration of the incubation period, the female is unable to eat; therefore
the health of the female breeder suffers. In addition, the succeeding spawning
cycle is delayed by the time it takes to incubate the eggs and rear for the
newly-hatched fry.
o Artificial Incubation. In this method, the fertilized eggs are collected and are set
in artificial incubators to hatch. Fry production under this scheme is very high.
But this method is also very laborious: spawning cycles have to be monitored
very closely, and egg extraction has to be done very frequently and
periodically, e.g. every five (5) days. This will also necessitate the construction
and maintenance of artificial hatchery facilities.
o Combination of Artificial Incubation and Natural incubation. Under this method,
newly-hatched fry are collected daily from the breeder cages/tanks. In addition,
induced spawning is practiced and the fertilized eggs are set in artificial
incubators for hatching.
• Fry/Fingerling Production targets: Short-term and long term. This will determine
the size or scale of hatchery facilities. One would normally plan for facilities that
will support the long-term production targets, then lay these facilities out in paper.
Staggered construction of facilities to meet the short-term production targets are
done and situated in accordance with the master layout to meet the long-term
plans.
Hatchery facilities can be determined, planned for, and laid out when all
production-related issues and questions have been thoroughly studied and
analyzed, and options and answers have been firmly adopted. Among the major
questions and issues to be answered or resolved are:
What specie of breeders shall be maintained?
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 23
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
What culture shall be adopted? Hapa Cages? Tanks? Combination?
If tank culture, what water inflow technology shall be used? Flow-through?
Re-circulating?
What incubation method shall be adopted? Natural? Artificial? Combined?
What shall the product be? Fry? Fingerlings? Both?
Should facilities for grow-out be provided?
What production level of fry/fingerling shall be targeted in the long-term?
How about in the short-term?
How many breeders should be maintained? How often should replacement
breeders be developed?
What assumptions have been made on:
Survival Rate of Fry?
Hatching Rate?
Average egg spawning rate per female?
Number of days in spawning/breeding cycle?
The answers to these questions will lead to a rational determination of the different
facilities needed to be maintained, the needed capacities, and other features
essential to a peculiarity in operations.
Among the structures that should be planned for are:
• Net cages for Fish Confinement. Nets for fish confinement are normally made of
nylon nets of appropriate mesh size. These are propped by bamboo poles and
sometimes replaced or reinforced with galvanized tubes. The upper edges of the
net cages are buoyed up by floating materials such as Styrofoam or sealed drums.
Net cages for fish may either be:
o Floating type
o Stationary/Fixed
• Cement Tanks (rectangular or round) for Fish Culture or Other purposes.
Cement tanks may be used for a variety of purposes:
o As culture tanks, cement tanks can either be round or rectangular. For catfish
culture, round, or cylindrical, tanks are the recommended types.
o Cement tanks may also be used for the culture of algae and other natural fish
food;
o They are also used as water reservoirs, filter/sedimentation tanks, and other
water impounding uses.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 24
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
• Roofed and Enclosed Structures. Among the roofed and closed structures that
may be included in the construction plans are:
o Office and/or lodging structures and comfort rooms;
o Warehouses for feeds, materials, and equipment
o Laboratory
o Hatchery
o Mechanical/Utility Rooms
• Other Facilities. This may include drainage canals, service roads, pathways,
utility posts or towers, fences, elevated or suspended catwalks, and the like.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 25
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
JOB SHEET# 1-2
TITLE : SITE PLANNING
Purpose To draw to scale the uses and structures proposed for
a parcel of land selected as the site for the hatchery
Equipment, Tools and Materials construction
Precautions Drawing paper, pencil, architect’s scale
Make sure that the actual lot area and dimensions of
the parcel of land to be used as the site are correct.
Procedures
STEP #1
Draw to scale a plot plan showing the uses and structures proposed for a parcel of
land, including the placement of facilities on the lot; showing an overhead view of
the construction site and the facilities as it sits in reference to the boundaries of the
lot.
STEP #2
Outline location of utility services, setback requirements (if any), easements,
location of drives and walks, and sometimes even topographical data that specifies
the slope of the terrain. Indicate the exact placement of all the facilities relative to
the land where such facilities will be erected.
Parking
Area
Breeders Breeders Rearing
Parking Admin. Feeds Loading
Area Office
Storage Area Area
Front Gate
SITE PLAN
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 26
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET #1-6
BASIC DESIGNS OF HATCHERY STRUCTURES
This section dwells on the basic designs of structures normally used in catfish hatchery
operations:
NET CAGES
Net cages are normally constructed when certain aspects of catfish hatchery operations,
such as for broodstock development or maintenance and the like, entail the culture of fish
in ponds or large bodies of water. There are basically two (2) types of net cages:
Floating and stationary.
Hapa Floating Cages
• Floating Net Cages. A single floating module usually consists of a number of net
cages, usually 6. The following factors should be considered in constructing a
floating net cage:
o Dimensions. Each of the cages normally measures 5 meters wide, by 5 meters
long, and 3 meters deep. But since the water depth in the impoundment may
vary from time to time, the cage bottom must have a clearance of at least one
(1) meter from the bottom of the reservoir.
o Frames. Each net cage must be supported by a frame made of bamboo poles
with an inner dimension of 5 meters wide, by 5 meters long, and 3 meters
deep. It should be so constructed to withstand stress caused by waves and the
increase in weight during the culture operation. A vertical beam made of
bamboo poles or strong wood with chain rings at the far end is provided as
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 27
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
attachment for rigging the net cage. To keep the bottom of cage netting down,
galvanized iron (G.I.) tubes may be installed at the edges of the bottom cage.
o Floats. Strategic corners of the net cage frame are fitted underneath with
plastic drums (more or less measuring 0.6 meters in diameter and 1 meter
deep) that serve as floats. A total of at least ten (10) drums is sufficient to keep
a module of six cages afloat. Other materials that can be used as floats are
closed empty plastic containers and Styrofoam.
o Cage netting. The following types of nets with their respective mesh sizes are
used in constructing cages:
• “B” net (0.5 – 1.0 centimeter mesh size)
• “CC” net (1.0 – 1.5 centimeter mesh size)
• “GG” net (1.5 – 2.0 centimeter mesh size)
The type of net to be used depends on the size of the tilapia to be stocked. It is
fabricated as an inverted mosquito net to prevent the stock from escaping.
Each net cage is reinforced with a polyrope that is inserted along the sewn
borders of the net and held in place by a clove hitch with overhand knot. An
eye splice is provided at each end corner for attachment the rigging the net
cage.
o Anchors. To hold the floating cage module in place, the four strategic corners
are anchored to the bottom of the reservoir by concrete blocks weighing 1 to 2
tons each. Equivalent weights like boulders may also be used. Generally, the
weight of the anchor should be twice the weight of the entire floating cage
module.
• Stationary/Fixed Net Cages. Like the floating net cage, a stationary net cage
module also normally has six (6) compartments.
o Dimension. The units of rectangular net cages normally measure 5 meters
long, by 5 meters wide, and 1.5 meters deep.
o Cage Netting. The nets used for the stationary net cages are the same as in
the floating net cages. Likewise, the size of the tilapia to be stocked
determines the net that will be used. Because these cages are fixed,
allowances of at least 25 centimeters above the water surface, and at least 1 to
2 meters from the bottom, must be given to cope with fluctuations in water
levels.
o Frames. The cages are mounted on fixed bamboo frames whose posts are
staked one (1) meter deep into the substrate. The upper ends of the posts are
braced with bamboo poles.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 28
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
CONCRETE TANKS
Tanks of various makes, sizes, and shapes are often used in catfish hatchery operations.
Fiberglass, canvass-reinforced, and even water-proofed wooden tanks are occasionally
used. However, the most common make of tanks is concrete because it is easy to
construct and, normally, the least expensive to build. There are two (2) basic shaped of
concrete tanks: circular and rectangular.
• Circular Tanks for Fish Culture.
Circular tanks are often used in the
culture of catfish. The absence of
corners does not provide
opportunities for catfish to carry out
their territorial tendencies. Hence,
hostilities and struggles are
minimized.
Cage Circular
o Size and Capacity. Circular tanks are built to any desired volume capacity:
from 1-ton to as large as 100-tons capacity. Anticipated volumes of fish for
confinement and practical considerations in maintaining such tanks are the two
more dominant considerations in determining tank capacities. The height of the
walls normally ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 meters high. However, regardless of
capacities, circular tanks for fish culture normally have the following features:
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 29
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
o Tank Finishing. The inside walls and flooring are plastered with waterproofing
materials. The floor is slightly conical: it is designed to slope at the center. At
the center is the drainage opening of a pipe which leads to a canal outside the
tank.
o Inlet Pipe (IP) for Water. This is located anywhere within the outside rim of the
tanks, the inlet pipes are normally provided with valves to control the flow of
water. The spout is normally positioned at such height above the water level so
as to create splashing effects and, in the process, contribute also in aerating
the water.
o Aerator Piping. An aerator pipe (AP) normally runs parallel with the water pipe.
This is also provided with a control valve to shut off or limit the flow of air. The
end of the aerator piping is normally positioned over the rim of the tank and is
equipped for easy attachment of additional piping to locate the air nozzles to be
positioned at the desired location and depth in the tank.
o Water Outlet With Standpipe. A standpipe outlet (SO) is inserted at the
drainage opening. The height of this standpipe determines the height of the
water level in the tank. The standpipe serves as an overflow pipe to prevent
water from rising higher than the desired level. To drain water from the tank,
the standpipe is removed by pulling it upward.
o Drainage Canal. The effect the gravitational flow of water, the drainage canal
(DC) should be dug at a depth lower than the lowest elevation of the tank
flooring. There must be provided adequate clearance in depth and width of the
canal to accommodate a netted contraption to catch fry or fish that may flow
with the drained water.
The drainage canals may either lead to the final waste water disposal area, or
to a collection system that feeds back to a filtration tank or apparatus to effect
recycling of water.
• Rectangular Tanks for Natural Food. This shape of concrete tanks is built when
there is a need to culture natural food such as chlorella and brachionous. Almost
all features of these tanks are the same as with circular tanks. They differ only in
the following aspects:
o Slope of Floor. The flooring of rectangular tanks are normally sloped from one
of the shorter sides to the opposite shorter side.
o Location of Inlet, Outlet, and Aerator Pipes. The inlet and aerator pipes are
normally located at the shallower end of the tank. The outlet pipe is located at
the opposite and deeper end of the tank.
• Water Tank Reservoir and Filter. To ensure ready availability of clear and clean
water, tank reservoirs are normally built for impounding and sedimentation
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 30
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
purposes. These tanks are normally divided in two (2) sections or more, with the
larger section serving as reservoir, and the smaller section(s) for filtration
purposes.
ROOFED AND ENCLOSED STRUCTURES
A number of facilities need to be protected from natural elements: the office, warehouse,
laboratory, hatchery, certain work areas, equipment sheds, and the like. Individual
structures may be built for these facilities; or, they may be grouped together in only one or
more structures, based on the following major considerations:
o The efficient flow of work;
o The safety and/or dangers to staff and materials;
o Compatibilities or interdependence of these facilities; and,
o Economy in construction.
The major components of these structures and their common characteristics include:
• Flooring. The flooring is normally made of cement, elevated, and supported by
adequate foundation and reinforcement steel bars.
• Roofing. The roof may come in different designs. But it is normally made of an
appropriate gauge of galvanined iron (G.I.) or plastic corrugated sheets which are
fastened to wooden purlins that traverse two (2) or more trusses. The entire
roofing structure is held up either by solely posts with adequate footings, in
combination with walls, or solely by load-bearing walls.
• Walls. The walls are normally made of hollow blocks at the exterior. For interior
dividers, wooden partitions is a option to hollow blocks. Openings or windows are
provided for in walls to effect good ventilation. Access doors are also provided
based on standard designs.
• Utilities. Electrical and plumbing/sewage facilities are also provided as needed
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 31
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET #1-7
ESSENTIAL POINTS IN DRAFTING OR READING CONSTRUCTION PLANS
All physical facilities identified and determined in the preceding section as necessary in
the operations of the planned hatchery have to be translated into a set of layout and
construction plans designed to guide actual construction and execution. Even as these
plans have to rendered by licensed professionals, it is nevertheless a very big advantage
if the aqua- culturist also has working knowledgeable along this trade if only to ensure
that all technical aspects of the business (which otherwise might just be glossed over by
architects and engineers as unimportant) are given proper importance and consideration.
Æ Scale. Construction plans are drawn to scale so that if any specific dimension
needed is missing, the contractor can scale the drawing to determine the right
measurement. The main floor plans are generally drawn to ¼" scale which means
that every ¼" on the plan equals 1' in actual length. Other details like framing
layouts or built-in details may be drawn at another scale like ½" or even ¾". The
scale of each drawing is usually indicated in the plans.
Æ Presentation and Orientation. All plans should be neat and clear and fully
dimensioned. Where feasible plans should be drawn to 1/4"-1'-0" scale and
reduced to 18" x 24" size. All plans should be individually folded to 9" x 12" size. A
north arrow should always be included on the plans, with north pointing to the top.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 32
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
JOB SHEET # 1-3
TITLE: PROCEDURE FOR DRAFTING THE LAYOUT AND
CONSTRUCTION PLANS
Purpose Draw to scale the layout and construction plans
Equipment, Tools and Materials Drawing paper, pencil, architect’s scale, calculator
Precautions Make sure that the layout and construction plans to be
drafted are consistent with the site plan and the
physical dimensions/ requirements of the hatchery.
Procedures
Draw to scale the layout and construction plans.
These plans will include:
9 Elevations
9 Floor Plans
9 Foundation Plan
9 Sections
9 Detail Drawings
STEP #1. Design the elevations.
Elevations are a non-perspective view of the facilities.
Draw to scale so that measurements can be taken for any aspect necessary.
Include front, rear and both side elevations.
Specify ridge heights, the positioning of the final grade of the lot, exterior finishes,
roof pitches and other details that are necessary to give the facility its exterior
architectural styling.
Draw the exterior sides of a structure. Draw to scale, dimensioned from roof peak
and from eaves to ground and include all sides of the structure. Materials of the
facade may also be specified.
Include an outline elevation of adjacent structures, if there are any. The following
information can be glimpsed about the structure based on labels and annotations
in the elevation:
o Overall design and character of the structure
o Materials and finishes for the exterior features of the structure
o Height of the structure and its various levels
o Approximate or true profile of the structure site (if not leveled)
o Types and designs of exterior doors and windows
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 33
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
STEP 2. Design the Floor Plan.
Draw a floor plan layout to show an overhead view of the completed facility.
Draw dimensions between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.
Specify on the floor plan the exact location of fixtures like sinks, water heaters, etc.
Among the walls and dimensions, note down to specify finishes, construction
methods, or even symbols for electrical or to reference cross sections.
From the floor plans, the following can be estimated by direct count:
o Number of doors and corresponding hardware requirements
o Number of windows and corresponding hardware requirements
o Number of plumbing fixture and their corresponding accessories
STEP 3. Design the Floor Plan.
Draw a floor plan layout to show an overhead view of the completed facility.
Draw dimensions between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.
Specify on the floor plan the exact location of fixtures like sinks, water heaters, etc.
Among the walls and dimensions, note down to specify finishes, construction
methods, or even symbols for electrical or to reference cross sections.
From the floor plans, the following can be estimated by direct count:
o Number of doors and corresponding hardware requirements
o Number of windows and corresponding hardware requirements
o Number of plumbing fixture and their corresponding accessories
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 34
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
STEP #4. Design the Foundation Plan.
Design and draw the foundation plan to show the structural support of the structure
and should therefore follow the outline and layout of the walls and other structural
elements in the Floor Plan. Present the following information on this Plan :
o Position of the columns or posts, masonry walls, and other building elements at
the foundation level;
o Necessary measurements to show the spatial relationships between the
structure parts, as well as for plotting their exact positions on the ground at the
outset of construction;
o Spaces of concrete slabs on fill and their thicknesses; sizes and spacing of
steel reinforcing bars, if required;
o Foundation work required for other facilities like driveways, steps, walkways,
etc.
STEP #5. Design the Sections.
Design the Section Plans to reveal the interiors as an imaginary vertical plane.
Design/ draw a full section showing the structure in its entire length.
Among the important information which are conveyed through the full section
drawings are:
o The height of the different floor levels as seen from the inside of the structure;
o Interior elements of the structure;
o Contour of the structure site (if it is not level). This is important in calculating
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 35
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
the volume of fills or excavations to construct the structure.
o Profile of the ceiling lines and floor sections. This is useful in establishing the
area of exposed surfaces of walls for plastering, painting, and other finishing
purposes.
Design the detail section to represent only a part of the structure and is intended to
focus on specific details of the construction or special features.
STEP#6. Design and plan the Detail Drawings.
Design and plan the detail drawings to provide clarity in complex designs or
situations.
Design and prepare enlarged drawings to focus on selected portions of the
structure and show greater detail that are generally referred to as Detail Drawings;
include the following
o Electrical Layout: Electrical layouts are sometimes on a separate page to
make reading them a little easier. This layout shows locations of light fixtures,
fans, outlets, light switches etc. There is usually a legend on the page which
explains what each symbol represents. There may also be such legends for
heating systems, door swings and sizes, or even to specify certain finishes.
o Framing Drawings: The framing drawings are also drawn to scale and outline
the layouts of items such as floor joists and trusses, beam locations and other
structural requirements. Framing layouts don't usually get into the details of
each stud location in the walls since framing contractors are required to follow
certain rules and regulations to assure that structures meet the required
building code specifications.
o Plumbing and mechanical systems: These systems are generally not covered
extensively on the blueprints other than locations of fixtures and main service
lines.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 36
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 1-8
APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF RA 8550 – THE FISHERIES CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Republic Act 8550 was enacted by the 10th Congress in February 1998 in order to
develop, manage and conserve fisheries and aquatic resources, and to integrate all
pertinent laws and regulations affecting fisheries and aquaculture in the country.
Pertinent provisions of this Act which have direct bearing on the operations of a tilapia
hatchery are quoted in full:
• “SEC. 12. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). - All government agencies as
well as private corporations, firms and entities who intend to undertake activities or
projects which will affect the quality of the environment shall be required to prepare
a detailed Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prior to undertaking such
development activity. The preparation of the EIS shall form an integral part of the
entire planning process pursuant to the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1586
as well as its implementing rules and regulations.
• SEC.13 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). - All Environmental
Impact Statements (EIS) shall be submitted to the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) for review and evaluation. No person, natural or
juridical, shall undertake any development project without first securing an
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) from the Secretary of the DENR.
• SEC.47. Code of Practice for Aquaculture. - The Department shall establish a
code of practice for aquaculture that will outline general principles and guidelines
for environmentally-sound design and operation to promote the sustainable
development of the industry. Such Code shall be developed through a consultative
process with the DENR, the fishworkers, FLA holders, fishpond owners, fisherfolk
cooperatives, small-scale operators, research institutions and the academe, and
other potential stakeholders. The Department may consult with specialized
international organizations in the formulation of the Code of practice.
• SEC.48. Incentives and Disincentives for Sustainable Aquaculture Practices.
- The Department shall formulate incentives and disincentives, such, as, but not
limited to, effluent charges, user fees and negotiable permits, to encourage
compliance with the environmental standards and to promote sustainable
management practices.
• SEC.51. License to Operate Fish Pens, Fish Cages, Fish Traps and Other
Structures for the culture of Fish and Other Fishery Products. - Fish pens, fish
cages, fish traps and other structures for the culture of fish and other fishery
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 37
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
products shall be constructed and shall operate only within established zones duly
designated by LGUs in consultation with the FARMCs concerned consistent with
national fisheries policies after the corresponding licenses thereof have been
secured. The area to be utilized for this purpose for individual person shall be
determined by the LGUs in consultation with the concerned FARMC: Provided,
however, That not over ten percent (10%) of the suitable water surface area of all
lakes and rivers shall be allotted for aquaculture purposes like fish pens, fish cages and
fish traps; and the stocking density and feeding requirement which shall be controlled and
determined by its carrying capacity: Provided, further, That fish pens and fish cages
located outside municipal waters shall be constructed and operated only within fish pen
and fish cage belts designated by the Department and after corresponding licenses
therefore have been secured and the fees thereof paid.
• SEC.57. Registration of Fish Hatcheries and Private Fishponds, etc. - All fish
hatcheries, fish breeding facilities and private fishponds must be registered with
the LGUs which shall prescribe minimum standards for such facilities in
consultation with the Department: Provided, That the Department shall conduct a
yearly inventory of all fishponds, fish pens and fish cages whether in public or
private lands: Provided, further, That all fishpond, fish pen and fish cage operators
shall annually report to the Department the type of species and volume of
production in areas devoted to aquaculture.”
Source: Republic Act No. 8550, Fisheries Code of the Philippines
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 38
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
SELF-CHECK #1-1
1. What are the critical considerations in site selection?
2. Enumerate the basic components of hatchery facilities.
3. Discuss the basic considerations in designing a hatchery.
4. What are the basic designs of hatchery structures: Net Cages, Concrete Tanks,
and Roofed and Enclosed Structures?
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 39
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
ANSWER KEY # 1-1
1. What are the critical considerations in site selection?
Answer:
The most critical considerations are :
Water Supply
Very accessible to free and adequate supply of water all-year-round. The
elevation of the area should be accessible to free gravitational flow of water. If not, its
elevation compared to the water level should not pose too much of a problem in the
efficient pumping of water; and
The available water meets the quality standards appropriate for the type of
fisheries project. Adequate investigation must be made to ensure that it is, and will
remain to be so for the life-duration of the project, free from pollution and
contamination.
Soil Characteristics.
clay, clay loan, sandy loam soils with deposit of organic matter of
about 16%;
Hard mud of the above types are preferable to the soft and very
loose kind;
Ensure that the soil will hold water; and,
The Ph value of the soil is within the desirable range of 7-9.
Topography. The following topographical conditions are critical:
o Choose flat terrain for ease in excavation and leveling. Rolling and inclined
surfaces require more excavation works at the construction stage, and more
often than not, pose problems in the efficient flow of water and effluents in
the day-to-day operations of the project.
o Avoid areas that are prone to flooding and strong surface-water run-offs
during strong rains.
Other Important Factors. Other very important factors to consider in determining the
site of the project are:
o Proximity to the market for products, and to the source of inputs to the
project;
o Availability of skilled and reliable labor;
o Peace and order condition prevailing in the area.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 40
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
2. Enumerate the basic components of hatchery facilities.
Answer:
A basic catfish hatchery facility using the natural incubation method includes
compartments for: 1) breeders, 2) nursery, and 3) rearing. For facilities that use artificial
incubation, a fourth and separate structure is required to house the artificial incubators. A
fifth facility, conditioning compartments are used by technologically advanced hatcheries
to increase the spawning of breeders
3. Discuss the basic considerations in designing a hatchery.
Answer:
• Appropriateness of Facilities to Technology. Consistency of supply of
electricity, more sophisticated laboratory/Examination and Mechanical/Tool rooms,
and reliable aeration and filtering systems will take much attention when one will
embark on a highly-intensive culture compared to another that will engage in
net/cage culture in natural ponds and reservoirs. The facilities must be appropriate
to the technology of breeding and hatchery operations to be implemented.
Efficient/Unobstructed Flow of Men, Materials, and Commodities. The idea
here is to bring closer together facilities needed by interdependent or interrelated
processes in order to minimize movement or transfer, thereby increasing human
productivity, and lessening risks of loss or contamination for materials and
commodities.
• Optimal Allocation and Use of Space. Plan for relative space requirements:
Determine space requirements at each stage and provide proportionate space
allocations. Determine also the interrelationships of facilities; then make fine-
tuning adjustments in space allocations.
• Preferred Method of Culture:
Fishponds and Hapa Net Cages. The construction and maintenance of fishponds and
Hapa net cages may be less costly.
Concrete Tanks. The construction of concrete tanks may require more financial
resources. However, it is the environment that responds to the weaknesses of
fishponds and hapa net cages. Space requirements are reduced. Management is
made simple: minimal servicing in terms of waste removal, ease in feeding, cleaning,
health monitoring, prophylaxis, disease detection and treatment, and efficient feed
usage.
• Preferred method of producing predominantly-male fry: Hybridization
techniques would require much more number of breeder compartments to maintain
purity of species. The adoption of Genetic Manipulation technology would save
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 41
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
the hatchery from some broodstock development tanks as breeders produced for
this method are often sold at late juvenile stages.
• Egg Incubation and Fry Production Method. Three methods are available
o Natural Incubation. In this method, the female breeder is relied upon to
incubate the eggs and rear the newly-hatched fry. This method dispenses
with the need for artificial incubators, and also saves time in labor.
o Artificial Incubation. In this method, the eggs are extracted from the buccal
cavity of female breeders as soon as she scoops the fertilized eggs. Fry
production under this scheme is very high. But this method is also very
laborious: spawning cycles have to be monitored very closely, and egg
extraction has to be done very frequently and periodically, e.g. every five (5)
days. This will also necessitate the construction and maintenance of
artificial hatchery facilities.
o Combination of Artificial Incubation and Natural incubation. Under this
method, newly-hatched fry are collected daily from the breeder cages/tanks.
In addition, when mouth-incubating females are spotted, the eggs are
extracted from their buccal cavities and are set in artificial incubators.
• Fry/Fingerling Production targets: Short-term and long term. This will determine
the size or scale of hatchery facilities. One would normally plan for facilities that
will support the long-term production targets, then lay these facilities out in paper.
Staggered construction of facilities to meet the short-term production targets are
done and situated in accordance with the master layout to meet the long-term
plans.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 42
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
QUALIFICATION : AQUACULTURE NC III
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Operate Catfish Hatchery
MODULE : Layout, Designing and Constructing a
Catfish Hatchery
LEARNING OUTCOME #2:
Determine pond materials and equipment
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Different pond materials used in catfish hatchery are identified and prepared
2. Equipment and specifications to be used are selected and prepared.
CONTENTS
1. Identification and preparation of materials
2. Equipment and specifications
RESOURCES Tools and Instruments Supplies and Materials
Equipment and Facilities
1. Carpentry tools 1. Water
1. Meter 2. Masonry tools 2. Fiber glass
3. Cement
4. Sand and gravel
5. Lumber
6. Steel bar
REFERENCES
Fermin AC, Bolivar MEC, 1991. Larval rearing of the Philippine freshwater catfish, Clarias
acrocephalus (Gunther), fed live zooplankton and artificial diet: a preliminary study.
The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture– Bamidgeh 43 (3): 87-94
Santiago CB, Gonzal AC, 1997. Growth and reproductive performance of the Asian
catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) fed artificial diets. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 13: 37-40
Tan-Fermin JD, Pagador RR, Chavez RC, 1997. LHRHa and pimozide-induced spawning
of Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) at different times during an
annual reproductive cycle. Aquaculture 148: 323-331
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 43
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Young, M.J.A., Fast, A.W., Olin, P., 1989. Induced maturation and spawning of the
Chinese catfish Clarias fuscus. World Aquaculture Society, 20(1):-11.
METHODOLOGY
1. Lecture type
2. Demonstration
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 44
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Learning Outcome # 2: Determine pond materials and equipment.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. In the workshop with appropriate Prepare canvass sheet and conduct
guidance and materials, the trainees will canvassing of prices.
perform the correct steps and prepare
the requirements in determining pond Prepare the Bill of Materials and
materials and equipment for a catfish Summary Cost Estimates.
hatchery.
Make a canvass of the pumps that are
1.1 Read Information Sheets # 2-1, available in your locality and list down
“Description of different materials to their respective features.
be used”.
Select the best pump from your list of
1.2 Perform Job Sheet # 2-1, “Identify available pumps in the market by using
and prepare the materials to be used procedure on determining pump
for construction of a catfish capacities.
hatchery” and # 2-2, Prepare Bill of
Materials and Summary Cost Select the best type of aerator device
Estimates”.. based on available local aerators by
applying the procedure.
1.3 Read Information Sheet # 2-2,
“Basic considerations in selecting
pumps”
1.4 Perform Job Sheet # 2-3,
“Procedure for Determining Pump
Capacities”.
1.5 Read Information Sheet # 2-3,
“Aeration Devices”.
1.6 Perform Job Sheet # 2-4,
“Procedure for Determining the Type
of Aerators”.
2. Answer Self-Check # 2-1. Read Self-Check # 2-1 questions and
3. Check your answers. write down your answers.
Refer to Answer Key # 2-1 and check if
you got the right answers.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 45
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
INFORMATION SHEET # 2-1
DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS TO BE USED
1. CEMENT, SAND, GRAVEL, AND FILL
Concrete is a mixture of cement paste, fine and coarse aggregates. The cement
paste consists of cement and water which bind the fine and coarse aggregates.
The fine aggregate is normally natural sand, and the coarse aggregate is crushed
rock or durable and strong qualities. When the mixture has sufficiently set, it takes
on the characteristics of hard stone.
Two widely used cement blends are the Portland and pozzolan cements:
Portland cement is defined as a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of
hydraulic calcium silicates with some calcium sulphate. There are 5 types of
Portland cement: from Type I to Type V.
o Type I is the most widely used cement for buildings. It is also the least
costly type of Portland cement. It reaches full strength within a period of 28
days.
o Type V is a sulphate-resisting Portland cement and is the most expensive
cement.
Pozzolan cement is a hydraulic cement consisting of a mixture of Portland cement
and natural and artificial pozzolanic materials like volcanic tuff, clay, blast furnace,
etc. There are 2 types of pozzolan cement:
o Type P is the more popular type in general construction where high initial
strength is not required before 28 days. However, after 28 days, it gels into
the compressive strength to which it was designed.
o Type 1P is an early strength cement and is required for more critical
concrete works.
Class of Strength After Cement Bags Sand m3 per Gravel m3 per
Concrete
28 days per m3 conc m3 conc m3 conc
Class AA
Class A 3000-4000 psi 10.46 0.42 0.84
Class B 2500-3000 psi 7.85 0.42 0.84
Class C 1500-2000 psi 6.49 0.44 0.87
Class D 500-1000 psi 5.49 0.44 0.89
4.82 0.45 0.91
< 500 psi
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 46
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Varying combinations of amounts of cement, sand, and gravel in a given volume of
concrete results to different strengths of mixture. The table above should be used as
reference for the determining the appropriate type of concrete and in determining the
amount of cement, sand, and gravel is needed for each mixture for every cubic meter of
concrete:
2. STEEL REINFORCING BARS
Steel reinforcing bars are incorporated in concrete and other masonry members to
prevent cracking of the latter when tension, compression, and other forces or loads
exceed the strength of the concrete or masonry. Among different types and
designs, the round bar is mostly used in concrete construction. Round bars may
be plain or deformed. Deformed bars have lugs on their surface to provide
increased bond between concrete and steel and prevent slippage. In many
instances, the ends of bars would be bent or terminate in hooks.
Reinforcing bars are classified into 3 grades (ASTM): Grade 60- high tensile,
Grade 40 – intermediate, and Grade 33 – Structural grade. They come in 5
standard lengths: 6 meters (20’), 7.6 meters (25’), 9.1 meters (30’), 10.6 meters
(35’), and 12.1 meters (40’). Below are the the most commonly used round steel
bars in simple construction:
Bar English Size Metric Size
Designation (Diam) (Diam)
1/4” 8 mm
No. 2 3/8” 10 mm
No. 3 1/2” 12 mm
No. 4 5/8” 16 mm
No. 5 3/4” 20 mm
No. 6 1” 25 mm
No. 7
3. LUMBER AND BOARDS
Lumber constitutes a very significant component of the overall construction cost.
For this reason, estimates should be done very thoroughly and accurately.
In preparing the bill of materials, the specie of lumber and its finish should be
specified. Lumber may be rough or processed/planed:
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 47
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
Rough lumber consists of wood pieces with rough surfaces as they come from
the sawmill. These are normally used for framings to be covered by other
finishing materials, such as in truss members, ceiling joists and hangers, studs
for double partitions, etc. Rough lumber is represented in detail drawings with
crossed line drawn over its cross-section.
Processed lumber are sold with 2 or more sides already planed and ready to be
used for components that would be exposed to view. S2S, S3S, and S4S are
standard notations denoting that a lumber piece is planed smooth on its 2, 3,
and 4 sides, respectively. Processed lumber is represented in detail drawings
with stylized annual rings or grains on its cross-section.
Here are some of the prevailing practices in the lumber industry:
a.) The lumber industry still uses the English system. Lengths are measured in
feet, and dimensions of wood are normally in inches;
b.) the volume of wood requirement is measured in Board Feet; and
c.) The standard lengths of lumber offered in the market is in the multiples of 2
feet: 4’, 6’, 8’, 10’, 12, etc.
4. ROOFING MATERIALS
Roofs are constructed with the primary function of providing the building
occupants protection from the natural elements. Corrugated galvanized iron,
aluminum, fiberglass, long span pre-painted steel and cement asbestos sheets
are some of the more popular roofing materials. Based on the spans of the
rafters, trusses, and purlins, the most suitable measurements of roofing panels
are chosen and indicated in the Drawing Plans.
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 48
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
JOB SHEET # 2-1
TITLE: IDENTIFICATION AND PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
Purpose To identify and prepare the materials to be used for
construction of hatchery
Equipment, Tools and Materials Writing pads, ball pen
Precautions None
Procedures
STEP 1: Identify the construction materials needed, take down specific
descriptions and distinct features of each type of material available and from which
supplier.
Cement, sand, gravel, and fill
Steel reinforcing bars
Lumber and board
Roofing materials
STEP 2: Canvass the prices.
Materials Quantity Price Per Unit
Code No. Lay-Out, Designing and Constructing a Date: Date Page #
Catfish Hatchery Developed Revised: 49
10/24/ 2004 10/20/ 2005
The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Lay-out, Designing and Constructing a Catfish Hatchery
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search