STPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

6 Which statement regarding metallic bond is correct?
A The metallic bond enables metals to be a good conductor of heat.
B The strength of the metallic bond depends on the size of the atom of the metal.
C The metallic bonds are formed because metals have relatively high ionisation energies.
D The metallic bond is formed from the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus in the
atom.

7 A mixture of 8.0 g of a monoatomic gas X and an unknown quantity of mass of diatomic gas Y
has a volume of V m3 at s.t.p. When 20.0 g of gas X is added to the mixture under the same
conditions, the volume of the mixture is 2V m3. What is the quantity of gas Y in the mixture?

[Relative atomic masses of X and Y are 4 and 1 respectively. Assume that gas X does not react
with gas Y.]

A 1g B 2g C 5g D 6g

8 Boron nitride, BN, can exist in two different forms P and Q. P has a layered giant molecular
lattice with weak forces between the layers. Q has a giant lattice in which each atom is bonded to
another by four covalent bonds. The following statements are regarding P and Q.

I P and Q have high melting points.
II P and Q have the same density.
III Structure Q is harder than structure P.
IV Structure Q conducts electricity in molten state.
Which statements about P and Q are correct?
A I and II
B I and III
C II and IV
D III and IV

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6 Penyataan yang manakah yang betul tentang ikatan logam?
A Ikatan logam membolehkan logam menjadi konduksi haba yang baik.
B Kekuatan ikatan logam bergantung kepada saiz atom logam itu.
C Ikatan logam yang terbentuk disebabkan logam mempunyai tenaga pengionan yang tinggi
secara relatifnya.
D Ikatan logam terbentuk daripada penarikan antara elektron dengan nuklues dalam atom.

7 Satu campuran 8.0 g gas monoatom X dan satu kuantiti gas dwiatom Y yang tidak diketahui
jisimnya mempunyai isi padu V m3 pada s.t.p. Apabila 20.0 g gas X ditambahkan kepada campuran
itu pada keadaan yang sama, isi padu campuran itu ialah 2V m3. Berapakah kuantiti gas Y dalam

campuran itu?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi X dan Y masing-masing ialah 4 dan 1. Anggap bahawa gas X tidak
bertindak balas dengan gas Y.]

A 1g B 2g C 5g D 6g

8 Boron nitrida, BN, boleh wujud dalam dua bentuk yang berbeza, P dan Q. P mempunyai lapisan
kekisi molekul raksasa dengan daya yang lemah antara lapisan. Q mempunyai kekisi raksasa yang
mana setiap atom terikat kepada atom yang lain oleh empat ikatan kovalen. Penyataan yang berikut
berkaitan dengan P dan Q.

I P dan Q mepunyai takat lebur yang tinggi

II P dan Q mempunyai ketumpatan yang sama

III Struktur Q lebih keras daripada struktur P

IV Struktur Q mengkonduksi elektik dalam keadaan leburan

Penyataan yang manakah yang betul tentang P dan Q?

A I dan II

B I dan III

C II dan IV

D III dan IV

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9 The distribution of molecular kinetic energy of a gas at 279 K and 289 K is shown by the
Maxwell-BØltzman graph below.

Number of
molecules

Kinetic energy

Which statement best explains why the rate of reaction in a gas sample at 279 K increases two
folds when the temperature is increased to 289 K?

A The number of collisions increases two fold.

B The total area under the curve increases two fold.

C The average velocity of the molecules increases two fold.

D The numbers of molecules with energy equal to or greater than Ea increases two fold.

Ea

10 The Arrhenius equation is given as k = Ae RT . A reaction occurs 27 times faster at 52 C than at
22 C. What is the activation energy for this reaction?

[Gas constant, R, is 8.31 J K 1 mol 1]

A 1.04 kJ mol 1 B 10.5 kJ mol 1 C 38.1 kJ mol 1 D 87.5 kJ mol 1

11 A reversible reaction can be represented by the equation:

P+Q R+S

when the system is in equilibrium,

A the masses P, Q, R and S are the same

B the reactions in both directions stopped

C the concentrations of P, Q, R and S are the same

D the concentrations of P, Q, R and S are always constant

12 The equilibrium constant, Kp, for the decomposition of calcium carbonate,

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

is 1.6 10 23 atm at 298 K and 6.3 10 11 atm at 500 K. Which statement is true of the
decomposition?

A The forward reaction is endothermic.

B Kp depends on the mass of CaCO3 used.

C The rate of forward reaction decreases as the temperature increases.

D The activation energy of forward reaction increases as the temperature increases.

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9 Taburan tenaga kinetik bagi gas pada 279 K dan 289 K ditunjukkan dalam graf Maxwell-
BØltzman di bawah.

Bilangan
molekul

Tenaga kinetik

Penyataan yang manakah yang paling baik menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas dalam
sampel gas pada 279 K bertambah dua kali ganda apabila suhu dinaikkan kepada 289 K?

A Bilangan perlanggaran bertambah dua kali ganda.

B Jumlah luas kawasan di bawah lengkung bertambah dua kali ganda.

C Halaju purata molekul bertambah dua kali ganda.

D Bilangan molekul dengan tenaga yang sama atau lebih besar daripada Ea bertambah dua kali
ganda.

Ea

10 Persamaan Arrhenius diberikan sebagai k = Ae RT . Satu tindak balas berlaku 27 lebih cepat pada
52 C berbanding 22 C. Berapakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

[Pemalar gas, R ialah 8.31 J K 1 mol 1]

A 1.04 kJ mol 1 B 10.5 kJ mol 1 C 38.1 kJ mol 1 D 87.5 kJ mol 1

11 Suatu tindak balas berbalik boleh diwakili dengan persamaan:

P+Q R+S

apabila sistem itu dalam keadaan keseimbangan,

A jisim P, Q, R, dan S adalah sama

B tindak balas dalam kedua-dua arah dihentikan

C kepekatan P, Q, R, dan S adalah sama

D kepekatan P, Q, R, dan S sentiasa malar

12 Pemalar keseimbangan, Kp, bagi penguraian kalsium karbonat,

CaCO3(p) CaO(p) + CO2(g)
10 11 atm pada 500 K. Penyataan yang manakah yang
ialah 1.6 10 23 atm pada 298 K dan 6.3
betul tentang penguraian itu?

A Tindak balas ke hadapan adalah endotermik.

B Kp bergantung pada jisim CaCO3 yang digunakan.

C Kadar tindak balas ke hadapan berkurang apabila suhu bertambah.

D Tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ke hadapan bertambah apabila suhu bertambah.

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13 In the reaction Cu2+ + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+, the Cu2+ ion acts as a
A Lewis acid
B Lewis base
C BrØnsted-Lowry acid
D BrØnsted-Lowry base

14 The following quantities may change when 0.10 mol dm−3 ethanoic acid is diluted with water at
298 K.

I Acid dissociation constant
II pH value
III Degree of dissociation
IV Ionic product of water
Which quantities will change?
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D III and IV

15 The graph below shows the variation of pH for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm 3 aqueous
ammonia solution with 0.2 mol dm 3 hydrochloric acid.

pH

Volume of HCl added/cm3

Which part of the above graph shows the mixture of ammonia and hydrochloric acid that can be
used as buffer solution?

Ap Bq Cr Ds

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13 Dalam tindak balas, Cu2+ + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+, ion Cu2+ bertindak sebagai
A asid Lewis
B bes Lewis
C asid BrØnsted-Lowry
D bes BrØnsted-Lowry

14 Kuantiti yang berikut boleh berubah apabila asid etanoik 0.10 mol dm−3 dicairkan dengan air pada
298 K.

I Pemalar penceraian asid
II Nilai pH
III Darjah penceraian
IV Hasil darab ion bagi air
Kuantiti yang manakah yang akan berubah?
A I dan II
B I dan IV
C II dan III
D III dan IV

15 Graf di bawah menunjukkan ubahan pH bagi pentitratan 25.0 cm3 larutan akueus ammonia
0.2 mol dm 3 dengan asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm 3.

pH

Isi padu HCl ditambah/cm3

Bahagian yang manakah pada graf di atas yang menunjukkan campuran ammonia dan asid
hidroklorik boleh digunakan sebagai larutan penimbal?

Ap Bq Cr Ds

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BLANK PAGE

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Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.

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53 HALAMAN KOSONG

Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
16 Beams of particles from different sources are passed through an electric field. The path of the
beam of sub-atomic particles Y through the electric field is shown in the diagram below.

+

Source of particles

–

(a) (i) Name the subatomic particles Y. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Draw the paths of the beams of electrons and hydrogen ions in the above diagram.
[2 marks]

(iii) If a beam of deuterium ions is passed through the electric field, explain the difference in

deflection angle between the beam of hydrogens ions and that of deuterium ions. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) P+ and Q– ions are isoelectronic with the 40 X isotope.
18

(i) State the nucleon number of the 40 X isotope. [1 mark]
18

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Identity P+ and Q– ions. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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Bahagian B [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
16 Alur-alur zarah dari sumber-sumber yang berlainan dilalukan menerusi suatu medan elektrik.
Laluan alur zarah subatom Y menerusi medan elektrik ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

+

Sumber zarah

–

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. (a) (i) Namakan zarah subatom Y itu. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Lukis laluan alur elektron dan ion hidrogen pada gambar rajah di atas. [2 markah]

(iii) Jika alur ion deuterium dilalukan melalui medan elektrik tersebut, jelaskan perbezaan

sudut pesongan antara alur ion hidrogen dengan alur ion deuterium. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Ion P+ and ion Q– adalah isoelektronik dengan isotop 40 X .
18

(i) Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi isotop 40 X. [1 markah]
18

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Kenal pasti ion P+ dan ion Q–. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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17 The table below shows the temperature and pressure of critical point and triple point of substance
X.

Critical point Temperature/ C Pressure/atm
Triple point 31 73
–57 5

At atmospheric pressure, X sublimes at –78 C. The freezing point of X increases by 2 C for
every 10 atm increase in pressure.

(a) Using the above information, sketch and label the phase diagram of X. [4 marks]

(b) Why does the freezing point of X increase with pressure? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Solid X is known as dry ice. [1 mark]
(i) How is liquid X produced from dry ice?

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State an industrial use for dry ice. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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17 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan suhu dan tekanan bagi takat genting dan takat ganda tiga bahan X.

Takat genting Suhu/ C Tekanan/atm
Takat ganda tiga 31 73
–57 5

Pada tekanan atmosfera, X memejalwap pada suhu –78 C. Takat beku X bertambah sebanyak
2 C bagi setiap pertambahan tekanan 10 atm.

(a) Menggunakan maklumat di atas, lakar dan label gambar rajah fasa X. [4 markah]

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. (b) Mengapakah takat beku X bertambah dengan tekanan? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Pepejal X dikenal sebagai ais kering. [1 markah]
(i) Bagaimanakah cecair X dihasilkan daripada ais kering?

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nyatakan satu kegunaan industri ais kering. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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HALAMAN KOSONG

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59

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Water is a hydride of oxygen. The bonding in water molecules is a result of the overlapping of
the orbitals of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

(i) What is meant by orbitals? [1 mark]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram illustrating the shapes of all the orbitals of an oxygen atom

with quantum number n = 2. [3 marks]

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the overlapping of orbitals in a water molecule.
[3 marks]

(b) Draw the Lewis structures for ion I3 and molecule SF6, and state their geometries. [4 marks]
State why

(i) compound SF6 is used as an insulating gas in high voltage electrical appliances,
[1 mark]

(ii) compound SI6 does not exist, [1 mark]

(iii) I3 and Br3 ions exist but F3 ion does not exist under normal conditions. [2 marks]

19 Aqueous chlorine dioxide solution reacts with an alkaline solution according to the following
equation.

2ClO2(aq) + 2OH (aq) ClO3 (aq) + ClO2 (aq) + H2O(l)

(a) Determine the oxidation number of chlorine in ClO2 and ClO3 . [2 marks]

(b) The results of the kinetic experiment of the reaction of aqueous chlorine dioxide solution are
shown in the table below.

Experiment [ClO2]/ [OH ]/ Initial rate/
number mol dm 3 mol dm 3 mol dm 3 s 1

1 0.0575 0.0216 8.21 × 10 3

2 0.0713 0.0216 1.26 × 10 2

3 0.0575 0.0333 1.26 × 10 2

(i) Determine the order of the reaction. [7 marks]

(ii) Calculate the rate constant, k, for the reaction. [2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the pH of the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution, if its concentration is
0.100 mol dm 3 and the initial rate of the disproportionation reaction is 3.56 × 10 2 mol dm 3 s 1.

[4 marks]

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Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Air ialah hidrida oksigen. Ikatan dalam molekul air terhasil melalui pertindihan orbital atom
oksigen dengan atom hidrogen.

(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan orbital? [1 markah]

(ii) Lukis gambar rajah berlabel yang mengilustrasikan bentuk semua orbital bagi atom

oksigen dengan nombor kuantum n = 2. [3 markah]

(iii) Lukis gambar rajah berlabel untuk mengilustrasi pertindihan orbital dalam molekul air.
[3 markah]

(b) Lukis struktur Lewis bagi ion I3 dan molekul SF6, dan nyatakan geometri bagi ion I3 dan

molekul SF6. [4 markah]

Nyatakan mengapa

(i) sebatian SF6 digunakan sebagai gas penebat dalam alat-alat elektrik bervoltan tinggi,
[1 markah]

(ii) sebatian SI6 tidak wujud, [1 markah]

(iii) ion I3 dan ion Br3 wujud tetapi ion F3 tidak wujud dalam keadaan biasa. [2 markah]

19 Larutan klorin dioksida akueus bertindak balas dengan larutan beralkali mengikut persamaan yang
berikut.

2ClO2(ak) + 2OH (ak) ClO3 (ak) + ClO2 (ak) + H2O(c)

(a) Tentukan nombor pengoksidaan klorin dalam ClO2 dan ClO3 . [2 markah]

(b) Keputusan uji kaji kinetik dalam tindak balas larutan akueus klorin dioksida ditunjukkan
dalam jadual di bawah.

Nombor [ClO2]/ [OH ]/ Kadar awal/
uji kaji mol dm 3 mol dm 3 mol dm 3 s 1

1 0.0575 0.0216 8.21 × 10 3
2
3 0.0713 0.0216 1.26 × 10 2

0.0575 0.0333 1.26 × 10 2

(i) Tentukan tertib tindak balas itu. [7 markah]

(ii) Hitung pemalar kadar, k, bagi tindak balas itu. [2 markah]

(iii) Hitung pH larutan akueus klorin dioksida, jika kepekatannya ialah 0.100 mol dm 3 dan

kadar awal tindak balas penyahkadarannya ialah 3.56 × 10 2 mol dm 3 s 1. [4 markah]

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20 (a) The Haber process is used in the industrial production of ammonia. The equation for the
reaction is as follows.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = 92 kJ mol 1

An analysis of an equilibrium mixture obtained from the mixing of gaseous nitrogen and
hydrogen shows a composition of 40% of ammonia when the total pressure of the system is 20 atm.

(i) Determine the mole fraction of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the partial pressures for nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. [2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the equilibrium. [2 marks]

(b) In an experiment, 0.100 moles of dinitrogen tetraoxide gas is allowed to dissociate to nitrogen
dioxide gas in a 1.0 dm3 container at 383 K. The graph of concentrations of both gases against time is

shown below.

Concentration/
mol dm 3

Time/min

(i) Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the above reaction at 383 K. [4 marks]

(ii) Calculate the pressure in the container after the system had attained equilibrium at

383 K. [4 marks]

[Gas constant, R, is 8.31 J K 1 mol 1.]

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20 (a) Proses Haber digunakan dalam penghasilan industri ammonia. Persamaan bagi tindak balas
adalah seperti yang berikut.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = 92 kJ mol 1

Analisis suatu campuran keseimbangan yang diperoleh daripada campuran gas nitrogen dan
hidrogen menunjukkan komposisi ammonia 40% apabila jumlah tekanan sistem adalah 20 atm.

(i) Tentukan pecahan mol nitrogen, hidrogen, dan ammonia. [3 markah]

(ii) Hitung tekanan separa bagi nitrogen, hidrogen, dan ammonia. [2 markah]

(iii) Hitung pemalar keseimbangan, Kp, untuk keseimbangan itu. [2 markah]

(b) Dalam satu uji kaji, 0.100 mol gas dinitrogen tetraoksida dibiarkan tercerai kepada gas
nitrogen dioksida di dalam bekas 1.0 dm3 pada 383 K. Graf kepekatan kedua-dua gas itu lawan masa

ditunjukkan di bawah.

Kepekatan/
mol dm 3

Masa/min

(i) Hitung pemalar keseimbangan, Kc, bagi tindak balas di atas pada 383 K. [4 markah]
(ii) Hitung tekanan dalam bekas selepas sistem mencapai keseimbangan pada 383 K.

[4 markah]
[Pemalar gas, R, ialah 8.31 J K 1 mol 1.]

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64

Identity card number: …………………………. Centre number/index number: ……………................

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

962/2 STPM

CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Please tear off along the perforated line. Instructions to candidates: For examiner‟s use
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.) DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan

TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Section B

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the (Bahagian B)

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks 16
will not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces 17
provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C. Total
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. (Jumlah)

Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 962/2

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BLANK PAGE

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HALAMAN KOSONG

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Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which equation represents the enthalpy of atomisation of sodium?

A Na(s) Na(g)

B Na(l) Na(g)
C Na(l) Na+(g) + e
D Na(g) Na+(g) + e

2 The diagram below shows the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of sodium fluoride.

574 kJ mol 1

Na(s) + ½F2(g) NaF(s)

+107 kJ mol 1 +79 kJ mol 1

Na(g) F(g) 928 kJ mol 1

+496 kJ mol 1

Na+(g) + F (g)

What is the electron affinity of fluorine?

A 820 kJ mol 1 B 328 kJ mol 1 C 275 kJ mol 1 D 246 kJ mol 1

3 Which cation has the highest hydration energy?

A Li+ B Na+ C K+ D Rb+

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Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Persamaan yang manakah yang mewakili entalpi pengatoman natrium?

A Na(p) Na(g)

B Na(c) Na(g)
C Na(c) Na+(g) + e
D Na(g) Na+(g) + e

2 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan kitar Born-Haber bagi pembentukan natrium fluorida.

574 kJ mol 1

Na(p) + ½F2(g) NaF(p)

+107 kJ mol 1 +79 kJ mol 1

Na(g) F(g) 928 kJ mol 1

+496 kJ mol 1

Na+(g) + F (g)

Berapakah afiniti elektron fluorin?

A 820 kJ mol 1 B 328 kJ mol 1 C 275 kJ mol 1 D 246 kJ mol 1

3 Kation yang manakah yang mempunyai tenaga penghidratan paling tinggi?

A Li+ B Na+ C K+ D Rb+

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4 The standard reduction potentials, E , for oxygen and manganese are as follows.

Electrode system E /V

O2(g), H+(aq), H2O2(aq) Pt(s) +0.68

MnO4 (aq), H+(aq), Mn2+(aq) Pt(s) +1.52

The chemical cell constructed by combining the two half-cells above may have the following
results.

I Mn2+ ion undergoes reduction to form MnO4 ion.

II H2O2 undergoes oxidation to form O2.

III The platinum electrode for oxygen half-cell is the positive electrode.

IV The e.m.f. of the cell is +0.84 V.

Which of the above statements are true for the chemical cell formed?

A I and II

B I and III

C II and IV

D III and IV

5 The graph below shows the standard reduction potentials, E , for the half-cell reactions of five
elements, P, Q, R, S and T.

E /V

Element
It can be concluded that from P to T,
A the electronegativity of the elements increases
B the chemical reactivity of the elements decreases
C the strength of the elements as reducing agents increases
D the strength of the elements as oxidising agents increases

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4 Keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi oksigen dan mangan adalah seperti yang berikut.

Sistem elektrod E /V

O2(g), H+(ak), H2O2(ak) Pt(p) +0.68

MnO4 (ak), H+(ak), Mn2+(ak) Pt(p) +1.52

Sel kimia yang dibina daripada gabungan dua setengah sel di atas mungkin mempunyai keputusan
yang berikut.

I Ion Mn2+ mengalami penurunan untuk membentuk ion MnO4 .

II H2O2 mengalami pengoksidaan untuk membentuk O2.

III Elektrod platinum bagi setengah sel oksigen ialah elektrod positif.

IV D.g.e. sel ialah +0.84 V.

Penyataan di atas yang manakah yang benar bagi sel kimia yang terbentuk?

A I dan II

B I dan III

C II dan IV

D III dan IV

5 Graf di bawah menunjukkan keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi tindak balas setengah sel lima
unsur, P, Q, R, S, dan T.

E /V

Unsur

Dapat disimpulkan bahawa daripada P hingga T,
A keelektronegatifan unsur-unsur bertambah
B kereaktifan kimia unsur-unsur berkurang
C kekuatan unsur-unsur sebagai agen penurunan bertambah
D kekuatan unsur-unsur sebagai agen pengoksidaan bertambah

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6 The standard reduction potentials, E , for several copper and iron species are given below.

Electrode system E /V
Cu2+(aq)/Cu+(aq) +0.15
Cu2+(aq)/Cu(s) +0.34
Cu+(aq)/Cu(s) +0.52
Fe2+(aq)/Fe(s)
Fe3+(aq)/Fe(s) 0.44
Fe3+(aq)/Fe2+(aq) 0.04
+0.77

Which statement regarding the species is correct?

A Cu(s) is the strongest reducing agent.
B Fe3+(aq) is the strongest oxidising agent.
C Cu2+(aq) is able to oxidise Fe2+(aq) to Fe3+(aq).
D The e.m.f. of the cell Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) Cu+(aq) Cu(s) is 0.08 V.

7 A molten compound consisting of the elements X and Y is electrolysed using a current of 1.00 A
for 1930 seconds. 2.07 g of X is formed at the cathode and 1.60 g of Y is formed at the anode. What
is the correct empirical formula for the compound?

[Relative atomic masses for X and Y are 207.0 and 80.0 respectively; Faraday‟s constant, F, is
96 500 C mol 1.]

A XY B XY2 C X2Y D X2Y2

8 Across Period 3 of the Periodic Table, from sodium to chlorine
A the electronegativity of the elements decreases
B the ionisation energy of the elements decreases
C the standard reduction potential of the elements increases
D the strength of the elements as reducing agents increases

9 The solubilities of two sulphates of Group 2 elements in the Periodic Table are given below.

Compound Solubility (g per 100 g)
at 20 C
CaSO4
BaSO4 2.3 10 1
2.3 10 4

Which statement best explains the above data?
A The size of Ba2+ ion is bigger than that of Ca2+ ion.
B Barium has a lower ionisation energy than calcium.
C BaSO4 has a lower lattice energy than CaSO4.
D Ba2+ ion has a lower hydration energy than Ca2+ ion.

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6 Keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi beberapa spesis kuprum dan ferum diberikan di bawah.

Sistem elektrod E /V
Cu2+(ak)/Cu+(ak) +0.15
Cu2+(ak)/Cu(p) +0.34
Cu+(ak)/Cu(p) +0.52
Fe2+(ak)/Fe(p)
Fe3+(ak)/Fe(p) 0.44
Fe3+(ak)/Fe2+(ak) 0.04
+0.77

Penyataan yang manakah yang betul tentang spesis itu?

A Cu(p) ialah agen penurunan yang paling kuat.
B Fe3+(ak) ialah agen pengoksidaan yang paling kuat.
C Cu2+(ak) boleh mengoksida Fe2+(ak) kepada Fe3+(ak).
D D.g.e sel Fe(p) Fe2+(ak) Cu+(ak) Cu(p) ialah 0.08 V.

7 Satu sebatian lebur yang terdiri daripada unsur X dan Y telah dielektrolisiskan menggunakan arus
1.00 A selama 1930 saat. Sebanyak 2.07 g X terbentuk di katod dan 1.60 g Y terbentuk di anod.
Apakah formula empirik yang betul bagi sebatian itu?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi X dan Y masing-masing ialah 207.0 dan 80.0; Pemalar Faraday, F, ialah
96 500 C mol 1.]

A XY B XY2 C X2Y D X2Y2

8 Merentasi Kala 3 Jadual Berkala, daripada natrium ke klorin
A keelektronegatifan unsur berkurang
B tenaga pengionan unsur berkurang
C keupayaan penurunan piawai unsur bertambah
D kekuatan unsur sebagai agen penurunan bertambah

9 Keterlarutan dua sulfat unsur Kumpulan 2 dalam Jadual Berkala diberikan di bawah.

Sebatian Keterlarutan (g per 100 g)
pada 20 C
CaSO4
BaSO4 2.3 10 1
2.3 10 4

Penyataan yang manakah yang paling tepat menjelaskan data di atas?
A Saiz ion Ba2+ lebih besar daripada ion Ca2+.
B Barium mempunyai tenaga pengionan yang lebih rendah daripada kalsium.
C BaSO4 mempunyai tenaga kekisi yang lebih rendah daripada CaSO4.
D Ion Ba2+ mempunyai tenaga penghidratan lebih rendah daripada ion Ca2+.

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10 A tetrachloride of Group 14, XCl4, of the Periodic Table is thermally unstable and easily
hydrolysed. It decomposes at room temperature according the equation:

XCl4 XCl2 + Cl2

What is X ?

A Carbon B Silicon C Germanium D Lead

11 Which statement is true of the oxides of Group 14 elements of the Periodic Table?
A All the oxides have covalent bonds.
B The oxides with +4 oxidation state can react with alkalis.
C The oxides with +4 oxidation state are more stable down the group.
D The acidity of the oxides with +2 oxidation state increases down the group.

12 An aqueous solution of X, a mixture of two compounds, has the following properties.
(i) Decomposes in the presence of light to form a gas.
(ii) Reacts with aqueous barium hydroxide to form salt and water.

(iii) Reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to form a precipitate which can dissolve in aqueous
ammonia.

The following compounds may be found in an aqueous solution of X.
I HCl
II HBr

III HOCl
IV NH4Cl
What could X be?
A I and II
B I and III
C II and IV
D III and IV

13 Halogens or their compounds are not used
A as detergents
B in photography
C as propellant in aerosol
D in the sterilisation of water

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10 Satu tetraklorida Kumpulan 14, XCl4, Jadual Berkala tidak stabil secara terma dan mudah
terhidrolisis. Tetraklorida itu terurai pada suhu bilik mengikut persamaan:

XCl4 XCl2 + Cl2

Apakah X ?

A Karbon B Silikon C Germanium D Plumbum

11 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang oksida unsur Kumpulan 14 Jadual Berkala?
A Kesemua oksida mempunyai ikatan kovalen.
B Oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +4 boleh bertindak balas dengan alkali.
C Oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +4 lebih stabil apabila menuruni kumpulan.
D Keasidan oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +2 bertambah apabila menuruni kumpulan.

12 Satu larutan akueus X, suatu campuran dua sebatian, mempunyai sifat-sifat yang berikut.
(i) Terurai dalam kehadiran cahaya untuk membentuk gas.
(ii) Bertindak balas dengan akueus barium hidroksida untuk membentuk garam dan air.

(iii) Bertindak balas dengan akueus argentum nitrat untuk membentuk mendakan yang
melarut dalam ammonia akueus.

Sebatian yang berikut mungkin terdapat dalam larutan akueus X.
I HCl
II HBr

III HOCl
IV NH4Cl
Apakah X ?
A I dan II
B I dan III
C II dan IV
D III dan IV

13 Halogen atau sebatiannya tidak digunakan
A sebagai detergen
B dalam fotografi
C sebagai propelan dalam aerosol
D dalam pensterilan air

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14 In which compound does the transition element have the lowest oxidation state?
A NH4VO3
B K3Fe(CN)6
C CrO2Cl2
D MnC2O4

15 A transition element can act as a homogeneous catalyst because
A it exhibits variable oxidation states
B it decreases the enthalpy of reactions
C it supplies energy to increase the rate of effective collisions
D it supplies electrons to facilitate adsorption through the formation of temporary bonds

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14 Sebatian yang manakah unsur peralihannya mempunyai keadaan pengoksidaan paling rendah?
A NH4VO3
B K3Fe(CN)6
C CrO2Cl2
D MnC2O4

15 Unsur peralihan boleh bertindak sebagai mangkin homogen kerana
A unsur peralihan mempamerkan keadaan pengoksidaan yang berubah
B unsur peralihan mengurangkan entalpi tindak balas
C unsur peralihan membekalkan tenaga untuk menambah kadar perlanggaran efektif
D unsur peralihan membekalkan elektron untuk memudahkan penjerapan melalui pembentukan
ikatan sementara.

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BLANK PAGE

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Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.

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79 HALAMAN KOSONG

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 (a) The two common oxides of lead are lead(II) oxide and lead(IV) oxide. Lead(II) oxide
dissolves readily in aqueous nitric acid. Lead(IV) oxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to
form lead(II) chloride and chlorine.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between lead(II) oxide and aqueous nitric
acid. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) What is the property shown by lead(II) oxide in the reaction in part (i)? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between lead(IV) oxide and concentrated

hydrochloric acid. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) State the change in the oxidation number of lead in the reaction in part (iii). [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(v) What is the property shown by lead(IV) oxide in this reaction? [1 mark]

...................................................................................................................................................................

(vi) State the relative stability of lead(II) and lead(IV) compounds. [1 mark]

...................................................................................................................................................................

(b) PbCl4 is a liquid at room temperature and undergoes hydrolysis. [1 mark]
(i) State the geometrical shape of PbCl4.

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Why does PbCl4 undergo hydrolysis? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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Bahagian B [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

16 (a) Dua oksida plumbum yang lazim ialah plumbum(II) oksida dan plumbum(IV) oksida.
Plumbum(II) oksida melarut dengan mudah dalam asid nitrik akueus. Plumbum(IV) oksida bertindak
balas dengan asid hidroklorik pekat untuk membentuk plumbum(II) klorida dan klorin.

(i) Tulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas antara plumbum(II) oksida dengan asid

nitrik akueus. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Apakah sifat yang ditunjukkan oleh plumbum(II) oksida dalam tindak balas pada

bahagian (i)? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. (iii) Tulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas antara plumbum(IV) oksida dengan asid

hdroklorik pekat. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan plumbum dalam tindak balas pada bahagian
(iii). [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(v) Apakah sifat yang ditunjukkan oleh plumbum(IV) oksida dalam tindak balas ini?
[1 markah]

...................................................................................................................................................................

(vi) Nyatakan kestabilan relatif sebatian plumbum(II) dan sebatian plumbum(IV).
[1 markah]

...................................................................................................................................................................

(b) PbCl4 adalah cecair pada suhu bilik dan mengalami hidrolisis. [1 markah]
(i) Nyatakan bentuk geometri PbCl4.

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Mengapakah PbCl4 mengalami hidrolisis? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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17 (a) A bleach liquid can be prepared from the reaction of chlorine with aqueous solution of
sodium hydroxide at room temperature.

(i) Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction that occurs. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State the change in oxidation state of chlorine in the reaction. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the active substance of bleaching liquid formed. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Photochromic glass is made based on the concept of black-white photography. [1 mark]
(i) What is the additive substance of photochromic glass?

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State what happens when photochromic glass is exposed to light, and write a balanced

equation for the reaction. [3 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Equation:....................................................................................................................................................

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17 (a) Satu cecair peluntur boleh disediakan daripada tindak balas klorin dengan larutan akueus
natrium hidroksida pada suhu bilik.

(i) Tulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nyatakan perubahan keadaan pengoksidaan klorin dalam tindak balas itu. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Nyatakan bahan aktif cecair peluntur yang terbentuk. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Kaca fotokromik dibuat berdasarkan konsep fotografi hitam putih. [1 markah]
(i) Apakah bahan tambahan kaca fotokromik?

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. ....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nyatakan apakah yang berlaku apabila kaca fotokromik terdedah kepada cahaya, dan

tulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas itu. [3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Persamaan:................................................................................................................................................

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BLANK PAGE

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HALAMAN KOSONG

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85

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Liquid hydrazine, N2H4, is used as a rocket fuel because its enthalpy of combustion is highly
exothermic. The thermochemical equation for the combustion of hydrazine is as follows:

N2H4(1) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = –534.0 kJ

(i) In an experiment, 1.0 g of hydrazine is burnt in a bomb calorimeter. Calculate the
temperature change if the total heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter and its contents is 5.86 kJ C–1.

[5 marks]

(ii) The enthalpy of formation of water vapour is –242.0 kJ mol–1. Calculate the enthalpy

of formation of hydrazine. [3 marks]

(b) The enthalpies of vaporisation of the sodium, aluminium and chlorine are given in the table
below.

Element Enthalpy of vaporisation/kJ mol–1
Sodium 103
Aluminium 294
Chlorine 20.4

(i) Explain the variations in the enthalpies of vaporisation of sodium, aluminium and

chlorine. [4 marks]

(ii) Sodium and aluminium react separately with chlorine to form sodium chloride and

aluminium chloride respectively. Which of these compounds has a higher enthalpy of vaporisation?

Justify your answer. [3 marks]

19 Explain the variations of the following properties on descending Group 2 of the Periodic Table.
Write equations where appropriate.

(a) First ionisation energy of the elements. [5 marks]

(b) Reactivity of the elements towards water. [5 marks]

(c) Thermal stability of their nitrates. [5 marks]

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Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Cecair hidrazina, N2H4, digunakan sebagai bahan api roket kerana entalpi pembakarannya
sangat eksotermik. Persamaan termokimia bagi pembakaran hidrazina adalah seperti yang berikut:

N2H4(c) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = –534.0 kJ

(i) Dalam satu uji kaji, 1.0 g hidrazina dibakar dalam kalorimeter bom. Hitung perubahan
suhu jika jumlah muatan haba kalorimeter bom dan kandungannya itu ialah 5.86 kJ C–1.

[5 markah]

(ii) Entalpi pembentukan wap air ialah –242.0 kJ mol–1. Hitung entalpi pembentukan

hidrazina. [3 markah]

(b) Entalpi pengewapan natrium, aluminium, dan klorin diberikan dalam jadual di bawah.

Unsur Entalpi pengewapan /kJ mol–1
Natrium 103
Aluminium 294
Klorin 20.4

(i) Jelaskan perubahan entalpi pengewapan natrium, aluminium, dan klorin. [4 markah]

(ii) Natrium dan aluminium masing-masing bertindak balas secara berasingan dengan

klorin untuk membentuk natrium klorida dan aluminium klorida. Sebatian tersebut yang manakah

yang mempunyai entalpi pegewapan paling tinggi? Justifikasikan jawapan anda. [3 markah]

19 Jelaskan ubahan sifat yang berikut apabila menuruni Kumpulan 2 Jadual Berkala. Tulis
persamaan di mana-mana yang sesuai.

(a) Tenaga pengionan pertama unsur. [5 markah]

(b) Kereaktifan unsur terhadap air. [5 markah]

(c) Kestabilan terma nitratnya. [5 markah]

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20 (a) The common oxidation states of the transition metal ions below are +2 and +3. The graph
below shows the trend in standard reduction potentials of M 3+(aq)/M 2+(aq) system of selected
transition metal ions.

Standard
electrode
potential
/V

(i) Name two ions that have stable +2 oxidation state in aqueous solution. Justify your

answer. [3 marks]

(ii) The standard reduction potentials, E , of several species are given below.

Reaction E /V

Fe2+ + 2e Fe 0.44

Fe3+ + 3e Fe 0.04

Fe3+ + 3e Fe2+ +1.77

O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O +1.23

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH +0.40

O2 + 2H+ + 2e H2O2 +0.68

Using the appropriate E values, explain why an aqueous solution of iron(II) ions changes

from pale green to yellow when exposed to air. [6 marks]

(b) (i) Name the complex ions [Ni(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+ and [Ni(CN)4]2 according to IUPAC

nomenclature. [2 marks]

(ii) Aqueous nickel(II) chloride reacts with aqueous ammonia to form a precipitate X. X

dissolves in excess aqueous ammonia to form a solution Y. Write the equations for the reactions that

occur, and state the colours of X and Y. [4 marks]

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20 (a) Keadaan pengoksidaan lazim bagi ion logam peralihan di bawah ialah +2 dan +3. Graf
di bawah menunjukkan trend keupayaan penurunan piawai bagi sistem M 3+(ak)/M 2+(ak) bagi ion
logam peralihan yang terpilih.

Keupayaan
elektrod
piawai
/V

(i) Namakan dua ion yang mempunyai keadaan pengoksidaan +2 yang stabil dalam larutan

akueus. Justifikasikan jawapan anda. [3 markah]

(ii) Keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi beberapa spesis diberikan di bawah.

Tindak balas E /V
0.44
Fe2+ + 2e Fe 0.04

Fe3+ + 3e Fe +1.77
+1.23
Fe3+ + 3e Fe2+ +0.40
+0.68
O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
O2 + 2H+ + 2e H2O2

Dengan menggunakan nilai E yang bersesuaian, jelaskan mengapa larutan akueus ion

ferum(II) berubah daripada hijau pucat kepada kuning apabila terdedah ke udara. [6 markah]

(b) (i) Namakan ion kompleks [Ni(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+ dan ion kompleks [Ni(CN)4]2

mengikut tatanama IUPAC. [2 markah]

(ii) Nikel(II) klorida akueus bertindak balas dengan ammonia akueus untuk membentuk

mendakan X. X melarut dalam ammonia akueus berlebihan untuk membentuk larutan Y. Tulis

persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku, dan nyatakan warna X dan Y. [4 markah]

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90

Identity card number: …………………………. Centre number/index number: ……………................

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

962/3 STPM

CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Please tear off along the perforated line. Instructions to candidates: For examiner‟s use
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.) DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan

TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Section B
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the (Bahagian B)
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. 16

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces 17
provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. Total

Arahan kepada calon: (Jumlah)

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 962/3

91

BLANK PAGE

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HALAMAN KOSONG

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93

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which compound has a carbon atom that exhibits sp3 hybridisation?
A CH2=CH CH=CH2
CH=CH2
B

CH3
C

D HCCH

2 When 0.1 mol of hydrocarbon X is burnt in excess oxygen, 17.6 g carbon dioxide is produced.
0.1 mol of X is found to react with 4.48 dm3 of bromine vapour under standard conditions. What is
the possible structural formula of X ?

[Relative atomic massess of C and O are 12.0 and 16.0 respectively ; the molar volume of a gas is
22.4 dm3 at stp.]

A CH3CH=CHCH3
B CH2=C=C=CH2
C CH3CH2CH2CH3
D CH2=CHCH=CH2

3 Which compound shows optical isomerism?
A CH3CH=CHCH3
B CH3CH2C(Cl)2CH3
C CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
D HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH

4 Which reaction involves an electrophilic reagent?
A CH3CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl + HCl
B CH3Br + NaOH CH3OH + NaBr
C CH3CH=CH2 + HBr CH3CHBrCH3
D CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

5 A mixture of excess ethane and chlorine is exposed to light. What is the major product of the
reaction?

A Cl3CCH3
B ClCH2CH3
C Cl2CHCH3
D Cl2CHCHCl2

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Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Sebatian yang manakah yang mempunyai atom karbon yang menunjukkan penghibridan sp3?
A CH2=CH CH=CH2
CH=CH2
B

CH3
C

D HCCH

2 Apabila 0.1 mol hidrokarbon X dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, 17.6 g karbon dioksida
dihasilkan. Didapati bahawa 0.1 mol X akan bertindak balas dengan 4.48 dm3 wap bromin dalam
keadaan piawai. Apakah formula struktur yang mungkin bagi X ?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi C dan O masing-masing ialah 12.0 dan 16.0; isi padu molar gas ialah
22.4 dm3 pada stp.]

A CH3CH=CHCH3
B CH2=C=C=CH2
C CH3CH2CH2CH3
D CH2=CHCH=CH2

3 Sebatian yang manakah yang menunjukkan isomer optik?
A CH3CH=CHCH3
B CH3CH2C(Cl)2CH3
C CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
D HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH

4 Tindak balas yang manakah yang melibatkan reagen elektrofilik?
A CH3CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl + HCl
B CH3Br + NaOH CH3OH + NaBr
C CH3CH=CH2 + HBr CH3CHBrCH3
D CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

5 Satu campuran etana yang berlebihan dan klorin terdedah kepada cahaya. Apakah hasil utama
tindak balas itu?

A Cl3CCH3
B ClCH2CH3
C Cl2CHCH3
D Cl2CHCHCl2

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