Eureka 2016 August

2

2016 BKÃv 1

hmeyw: 38, e°w: 5

kμ¿in-°pI : www.kssp.in,
www.facebook.com/EurekaFortnightly

1970˛- ¬ {]kn≤- oI- c- Ww Bcw`- n®- Xv

kq£va-Po-hn-Isf teJ\- ß- ƒ Nn{XI- Y

8 BZyw I≠ a\p-jy≥ 6 Ip™pI- q´- mf- nI- ƒ 32 AXn\v ]n∂n¬ Rß-fm....
kvt\l- mZ- mkv hn N{μ_- m_p
tUm. sI ]n Ac-hn-μ≥
12 kq£vat- emI- hpw 64 ImWs´ F√mh- cpw
ssat{Im_pw 15 kq£vaZ- ¿in\- nI- fpw sskP Fkv
\Ωfpw XΩn¬ sI ]m∏q´n
IY
Fw KoXm-RvPen 20 sXmen∏- pd- sØ DZym\w
]n sI kp[n 58 Ip™ns- ®°- \v Hcp sXm∏o≠v
slent- °m_- mI- vS¿ C F≥ joP
ss]temdn F∂ 24 s\t∏mf- nb- \pw
ssS^kv tcmKhpw IhnX
36 _mIvSo-cnb ]d-bp∂p A\nX kn sI
5 CØnc- n°- p™- ∑- mc- psS
P\p 28 kq£vaP- oh- nI- fpw s]cpw- kXyw
kkyß- fpw sI sI IrjvWI- pa- m¿
C cmP≥
57 IS¬
48 ASp°- f- bpw kn‘p F≥ ]n
kq£vaP- oh- nI- fpw
camt- Zhn t^mt´m^- o®- ¿

50 aÆpw kq£vaP- oh- nI- fpw 42 tcmKw
tUm. sI Intjm¿Ip-am¿ tcmK{- ]X- nt- cm[- w
sI ]n F
54 IS¬ HcX- ni- bw; kq£va
-Po-hn-Iƒ AXp°pw tase
C lcnI- rj- vW≥

\n¿amWw

60 πmÃnIv k©n
tht≠... th≠.
sI cm[≥

]w‡nI- ƒ

31. cN-\m-aqe

31. s{]mPIvSv 62. πmÃn°- v amen\- yØns- \X- nsc

34. ZqcZ- ¿in\n Ip™pß- ƒ

53. IhnX- m]- qc- Ww 63. {]nb-s∏´ bpdot°

hnhn[ sh_vssk-‰nse Nn{X-߃ CXn-ep-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-bv°p≈ IS-∏mSv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn : kn Fw apc-fo-[-c≥ (F-Un-‰¿), jn-t\m-Pv cmPv (FUn. A-kn-kv‰‚v), sI hnPb≥ (am-t\-Pn-Mv F-Un-‰¿),

A\nX kn sI (Atkm. F-Un-‰¿), s{]m^.-sI.-]m-∏q´n, P\p, C.F≥.jo-P, ssa\ Dssa-_m≥, hn.N-{μ-_m_p, C.cm-P≥, tUm.s- I.I- nt- jm¿
Ipam¿, C.Pn\≥, Fw.Ir-jv-W-Zmkv, ]n.sI.kp[n, {]kmZv ]n.ssIX°- ¬, sI.S- n.c- m[- mI- rj- Wv ≥, Fw.K- oX- mR- Pv en, F.s- I.t- Pmjn, ssje kn
tPm¿P,v Sn.]- n.h- ni- z\- mY- ≥ Ih¿ : sh¶n, te˛Hu´v: jnt\mPv cmPv, {Km^nIvkv : {iotejv Ipam¿.

hm¿jnI hcnk- wJy : ` 250, H‰{- ]Xn : ` 12 , Un.-Un/Fw.-H. Ab-bv°p-I. IØpIfpw cN-\-Ifpw Ab-bvt°≠
hnemkw: FUn‰- ¿, bpdo°- , Nme∏- pd- w,
hcn-kw-Jybpw hcn-°m-cpsS ]cm-XnIfpw Ab-bv°m-\p≈ hnemkw: tImgn-t°m-Sv- ˛ 673 002.
amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, bpdo°, Nme-∏pdw, tImgn-t°m-Sv˛673002. E-mail: [email protected]

e-mail: [email protected], Ph: 0495 2701919.

3

tIc-f im-kv-{X-km-ln-Xy- ]-cnj-Øv {]-kn-≤o-IcWw

Np‰pw ImWp∂ ama-c-ßfn-te°pw bn¬. \ap°- h- sb kq£vaP- oh- nI- s- f∂v
AIse BImi- sØ Xpf®- pI- b- d- p∂ hnfn°- mw. kq£vaP- oh- nI- s- f°- pd- n®- p≈
Ip∂p-I-fn-te°pw \nß-fn¬ ]ecpw HØncn Imcy-ß-fp-am-bmWv CØ-hW
IÆn-abv°msX t\m°n \n∂n-cn-°pw. bpdo° \nßsf tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-Xv.
]qºm-‰-Ifpw h≠p-Ifpw ]mdn-\-S-
°p∂, a[pcw In\n-bp∂ ]q°-fn- CXn¬ Nne Imcyß- ƒ Nnes- c¶- nepw
te°pw sNSn-I-fn-te°pw Np‰p-ap≈ t\csØ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xm-hmw. NneXv
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Pohn-I-fn-te°pw A¬∏w IqSn hep-Xmb tijw hni-Z-
t\m°n BtemN- \- b- n¬ apgpI- nb- h- cpw ambn ]Tn-°m-\p-≈-Xm-hmw. H‰ hmb-\-
Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°n-√. Nne-cm-Is´ \oe-∏p- bn¬ a\ - ne- mh- mØ- h a\ - nc- pØn H∂v
X-∏n´ BIm-i-Øn-epw AhnsS c≠v h´w Bh¿Øn®p hmbn®- pt- \m°- q.
]p©ncn XqIp∂ Aºn-fn-°-e-bnepw Cu temIw F{X hnkva-b-I-c-am-sW∂v
I¨NnΩ- n°- f- n°- p∂ \£{- X°- p™- p- \n߃ Xncn®- d- nbpw; F{X kpμc- a- ms- W-
ß-fn-ep-am-bn-cn°pw IpXpIw ]q≠-Xv. ∂pw.

AsX, \ap°v Np‰p-ap≈ temIw bpdo-°m-am-a≥
\sΩ B\-μn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv,
AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. e£-
°-W-°n\v kky-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw
Pohn-I-fp-sa√mw AS-ßn-b-
XmWv \ΩpsS kpμ-c-amb Cu
`qan. a\p-jy¿°p≈ Adn-hp-
sh®v, Poh≥ F∂ A¤pX
{]Xn`- mk- a- p≈ Htc Hcp {Klw.
A\-¥a- mb {]]-©-Øn¬ as‰-
hns- Ss- b¶- nepw Pohs‚ XpSn∏- p-
I-fpt≠m F∂v \ap-°-dn-bn-√.

F∂m¬ C∏-d-™h am{X-
a√ \ap°p Np‰p-ap-≈-Xv.
\ΩpsS shdpw IÆp-sIm≠v
ImWm≥ Ign-bm-Ø, F∂m¬
Np‰nepw \nd™v \n¬°p∂,
tImSn°- W- °- n\v hcp∂ Nßm-
Xna- m¿ thsdb- pa- p≠v ˛ Cu `qan-

4 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

4

sI sI IrjvW-Ip-am¿

kq£vaPo-hn-I-sf-°p-dn- CØn-cn-°p-™-∑m¿
®p≈ Hcp ]mt´msS XpS- hnssizI ]uc-∑m¿
ßmw. Iq´p-Im¿°v th≠n Rß-sf-b-dn-bptam Iq´p-Imtc
at\m-l-c-ß-fmb \nc-h[n
(CØncn)
]m´p-Ifpw ]pkvX-I- XqWnepw Xpcp-ºnepw
ßfpw cNn® IrjvW-Ip- Xobnepw XWp-∏nepw
am¿ ama-t‚-XmWv Cu sImSp-ap-Sn-Øp-ºnepw

]m´.v ISe- n\- mg- Ø- nepw
s]cp-In-∏-c-°pao
Rß-sf-b-dn-bptam?

(CØ- nc- n)
IÆmse ImWm-\m-hmtØm˛

scÆn-bm¬ Xocm-tØm¿
\nßsS apXp-apXp
apØ-»n-am¿ R߃

\n߃°mbv hgn-sh´n
hoSp-Xo¿tØm¿
(CØnc- n)

aÆv, hnÆv, ]qhv, ]pgI˛
sfÆ-a‰ kky-Pm-e˛

sam∂p-an√o {]]-©-an-√,
\nß-fn-√; Rß-fn-√˛

sb¶n-se∂ s]cn-b-k-Xy˛
sa∂p-sa∂ptam¿°p-I...

(CØ- nc- n)
CØn-cn-°p-™-∑m¿
R߃ sNm∂o-Sp-s∂m˛
cns∏cpw kXyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°pI!

2016 5
Pqsse 16
5

kvt\l Zmkv

I≠Xv at\m-lcw, ImWm-ØXv BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ kq£va-Po-hn-

AXn-a-t\m-lcw F∂v ]d-bm-dn-t√. Iƒ A\n-a¬Iyƒkv F∂ t]cn-

\ΩpsS IÆpI- ƒ°v ImWmh- p∂- X- n- emWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. kq£va-

e-∏pdw hnim-e-amb Hcp henb Po-hn-Isf \·-t\-{X-߃ sIm≠v

temIw Xs∂-bp≠v Cu `qan-bn¬. ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬

B henb temI-Øns‚ Xe-h-∑m- Ch-bpsS ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w

cmbn \Ωƒ ImWmsX Hfn-®n-cn- ssat{Im-kvtIm∏v F∂ D]-I-c-

°p∂ Ip™p-Iq-´p-Im-cpw. a\p- Whpw cq]m¥- cw sIm≠p. B‚Wn

jy¿°pw arK-߃°pw t^m≥ eosh≥lp°v ]pcm-X\

k k y - ß ƒ ° p - a - ∏ p d w ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-Pn-bpsS ]nXmhv

\ap°v FÆm-hp-∂-Xn-e- Bbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv t]mse

[nIw hn]p-e-amb Hcp B[p\- nI ssat{Im_- t- bmf- P- nb- psS

Poh-tem-Iw. _mŒo-cn-b, ]nXmhv eqbn ]mkvN¿ BWv.

^wK-kv, t{]m´nÃv, Ch¿°p ]pdsa tdm_¿´v tIm°v,

sshdkv XpSß- nb- h- c- mWv hnt\m{- KmUvkvIn, tPmk^v enÿ,

Cu Ip™pt- emI- Ø- ns‚ FUv-th¿Uv sP∂¿, sk¬am≥ F

A[n]- ∑- m¿. ImWm≥ Ign- hmIvk-am≥ F∂n-h-cpƒs∏sS Hcp

kq£va-Po-hn-Isf bn-s√-¶nepw Ch¿ \o≠ \nc Xs∂-bp≠v ssat{Im-_-
\ap-s°m∂v sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ tbm-fPn F∂ ]T-\-im-J-bpsS Xe-
sNdn-b-sXm-∂p-a-√. Ch-cn- h∑- mc- mb- n. ssat{Im_- t- bmf- P- nb- n¬
]cn-N-b-s∏-´mtem? Ahsc te-sdbpw \ΩpsS Iq´p- Xs∂ C\nbpw hI-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠v,
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Im-cm-Wv. Cu kq£va-Po- saUn-°¬ ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-Pn,
tImgnt- °mSv hn-Isf ssat{Im_vkv tkmbn¬ ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-Pn,
k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ F∂mWv hnfn®- ph- c- p∂- X- v. Fbvtdm ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-Pn,
kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf- Ch-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w C≥U-kv{Sn-b¬ ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-

°p-dn®v ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p∂ kvt\l-t®-®n-bm-Wv.

ssat{Im_- t- bmf- Pn F∂ Pn, ^pUv ssat{Im_- t- bmf- Pn F∂n-

t]cnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssat{Im- ßs\ Ah \o≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

_-tbm-fPn°v hnhn[ imJ-Ifpw \Ω-sf-√m-hcpw cpNn-tbmsS Ign-

D≠v. _mŒo-cn-bsb°pdn-®p≈ ]T- °p∂ tamcv Cu hncp-X-∑m-cpsS

\sØ _mŒo-cn-tbm-f-Pn, sshd-kn- {]hr-Øn-bm-Wv. ag-°m-eØpw

s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ sshtdm-f- sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°p∂ ÿe-ß-

Pn, ^wKkns\°- pd- n®- p≈ ]T\- sØ fnepw I≠ph- c- p∂ ]q∏epw Chc- psS

ssatIm-fPn F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. kw`mh- \- b- mW- v. tZmibv°pw sh≈-

6 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

6

Pm-e-߃s°m∂pw Xs∂ hmk-

tbm-Ky-a-√mØ A·n-]¿hX \nc-

I-fnepw a™p-d™ {]tZ-i-ß-

fnepw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-≠v.

a\p-jy-cn¬ tcmKw ]c-Øp-∂-Xp-

∏-Øn-\p-sams° amhv Ac®p sh°p- t]mse Ch arK-ß-fnepw kky-ß-fnepw
tºmƒ Ah ]nt‰t- ∂°v s]m¥nh- c- p∂- Xv tcmKw ]c-Øp-∂p-≠v. arK-ß-fn¬ I≠p-
\Ωƒ Ghcpw IuXpI- t- ØmsS t\m°m- h-cp∂ B{¥mIvkv (Anthrax), sXßn¬
dp-≠v; kwi-bn-t°-≠, Cu IuXpIw km[m-c-W-bmbn ImWp∂ afi-cn, hmg-
kΩm-\n-°p-∂Xpw Cu Ip™p-Ip-´q-Im¿ I-fn¬ ImWp∂ Iqº-S∏v... Ch-sb√mw
Xs∂-bm-Wv. \mhn\v cpNn-tb-dp∂ `£- Xs∂ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS kr„n-bm-Wv.
W-]-Zm¿∞-߃ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn CsX√mw tI´v Cu Ip™pI- q´- pI- m¿ Zp„-
Ch¿ I„s- ∏S- pt- ºmƒ, Chc- n¬ Nne hncp- ∑m-cm-sW∂v Icp-X-t√. BsI ImWp∂
X-∑m¿ CsXms° \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ hnZy- tImSm-\p-tImSn kq£va-Po-hn-I-fn¬
bp-ambn cwKØp hcm-dp-≠v. {_Õn¬ sNdnsbmcp iX-am\w am{X-amWv
I≠p-h-cp∂ ]q∏-epw A®m-dnse sh≈- hn√≥thjw AWn-bp-∂-h¿. _m°n-
∏m-S-bp-sa√mw CXn-\p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ß- sb√mw D]I- mc- nI- ƒ Xs∂. aÆns‚ ^e-
fmW- v. `q-bn-jvTX Iq´m\pw sNSn-I-fpsS hf¿®
Iq´m\- pw \ΩpsS \nXyP- oh- nX- Ø- n¬ Ch¿
Chb- p≠- m°- p∂ ]e tcmKß- fpw amc- Iq´p-Im¿ Xs∂.
I-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv. `£-W-Øn¬

\n∂pw D≠mI- p∂- , t_m´pe- nk- w, km¬a-

W-tem-knkv F∂nh ac-W-

Øn\p hsc ImcWw BIp-

∂p-≠v. sNdnb Pe-tZmjw

sXm´v amcI tcmK-amb

FbvUvkv hscb- p≈- h- b- psS

]pd-Inepw Ch-cn¬s∏´

Nne¿ Xs∂. a\p-jy-cn¬

am{Xw HXpßn \n¬°p-∂-

X√ Ch-bpsS CS-s]-S-ep-

Iƒ. arK-ß-fn-epw, ]£n-I-

fnepw sNSn-I-fn-ep-sa√mw

Htct- ]mse km∂n[yw Adn-

bn°- p∂- h- c- mWv Chs- c√- mw.

AXp-sIm≠v Chsc k¿h-

hym-]n-Iƒ F∂p Xs∂

hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv,

aÆv, Pew, hmbp, `qan F∂n-

ßs\ Fhn-sSbpw Ch-bp-

≠v. F¥n-\-[n-Iw, a‰p Poh-

2016 7
BKÃv 1
7

tUm. sI ]n Ac-hn-μ≥

Cu tem-I-Øv \-Ω-fpw a-‰p ar-

K-ß-fpw sN-Sn-I-fpw H-s° A-√m-

sX B¿°pw Im-

Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø ]-

e-cpw D-s≠-∂v a-\p-

jy¿ ]-t≠ hn-iz-kn-

®p t]m∂- p. `qX- ß- ƒ,

t{]-X-߃, ]n-im-Np-

Iƒ, am-em-J-Iƒ F-

∂n-ß-s\ \-sΩ t{Zm-

kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn®v ln-°p-I-bpw k-lm- k°d- nb
BZy-ambn ]Tn® teh≥ bn-°p-I-bpw H-s° Pm≥k≥
lp-°ns\ ASp-Ø-Xmbn sN-øp-∂ ]-e-cpw. F-
\ap°v ]cnN- b- s- ∏S- mw. ∂m¬, Ch- s- cms- ° a- gn-bm-Ø H-t´-sd Po-hn-Iƒ D-s≠-∂-Xm-Wv
\pj- ys- ‚ `mh- \- b- n¬ k-Xyw. sh-dpw I-Y-I-f-√; i-cn-°p-ap-≈-h.
At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v D-S-se-Sp-Øhcm-sW- A-h `q-an-bn-se-√m-bn-S-Øpw D-≠v. I-c-bn-
\tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂Xv C¥y≥ ∂v C-∂v \-ap-°v A-dn- epw I-S-en-epw hm-bp-hn-epw F-∂p th-≠
Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ saUn- bmw. A-Xm-b-Xv \-Ω- \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-\-I-Øp t]m-epw A-h-
sf t]-Sn-∏n-°m-\pw c- cp-≠v. \-ap-°-h-sc Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv
°¬ dnk¿®nse Fan- kn-∏n-°m-\pw H-s°- A-h h-f-sc h-f-sc sN-dn-b-Xm-b-Xp sIm-
d‰nkv imkv{X⁄- \- mb ≠m-Wv.
tUm.sI ]n Ach- nμ- ≥-
H-cp se≥kn-eq-sS ]-{X-Øn-se sN-dn-b
ama\mW- .v

bmb- n D≠- m°- ns- bS- pØ- Ipt- d I-

Y-Iƒ.

F-∂m¬ C-sXm-∂p-a-√m-sX, \-

Ωp-sS I-Æp-Iƒ°v Im-Wm≥ I-

8 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

8

tdm_¿´v lp°pw kp£va Z¿in\- nbpw kq£va Z¿in\- nbneqsS I≠ t]\pw tIm¿°pw

A-£-c-߃ t\m-°n-bn-´p-t≠m? A-h h- I-Æ-S D-≠m-°p-∂ U-®p-Im-cm-b k-°-
ep-Xm-bn Im-Wm-dn-t√? A-Xp-t]m-se sN-dn- dn-b Pm≥k-\pw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]n-Xm-
b h-kv-Xp-°-sf h-ep-Xm-°n Im-Wn-°p-∂ hpw B-Wv- B-Zy-sØ tIm-ºu-≠v ssa-
D]- I- c- W- ß- f- mW- v ssat- {Imk- vt- Im∏- pI- ƒ. t{Im-kv-tIm-∏v D-≠m-°n-b-Xv; 1590¬ B-bn-
h-f-sc h-f-sc sN-dp-Xm-b-Xp sIm-≠v km- cp-∂p A-Xv. A-Xp sh-®v h-kv-Xp-°-sf
[m-c-W-bm-bn \-ap-°v Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø HºXv C-c-´n h-ep-∏-Øn¬ Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-
km[- \- ß- f- pw ssat- {Imk- tv- Im∏- ne- qs- S t\m- ∂p. H-cp hn-t\m-Z D-]-I-c-Ww F-∂ co-Xn-
°p-tºmƒ Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bp-∂p. H-∂n-e-[n- bn¬ am-{X-ta A-Xv A-h¿ t]m-epw I-≠p-
Iw se≥kp-Iƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v D-≠m-°p- ≈q.
∂-h-bm-Wv- tIm-ºu-≠v ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-
tdm-_¿´v lq-°v h-f-sc A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-
eoh≥lq°- v ∂ H-cp Cw-Kv-fo-jv im-kv-{X⁄≥ B-bn-cp-
∂p. ]Xn-t\gmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ A-t±-lw D-]-
∏pI- ƒ. \nß- f- ps- S kIv- qf- n¬ Xo¿- ®b- mb- pw tbm-Kn-® ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏n-\v- 50 C-c-´n h-
Im-Wpw. So-®-tdm-Sp ]-d-bq A-h-bn-eq-sS sc h-ep-Xm-°n Im-Wn-°m\p-≈ I-gn-hv D-
\-ap-°p Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø A-¤p-X-ß- ≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-e X-cw sN-dn-b h-kv-Xp-°-
sfm-s° Im-Wn-®p X-cm≥. sf `w-Kn-bm-bn h-c-® H-cp ]p-kv-X-Iw A-t±-
lw ]p-d-Øn-d-°n; ssa-t{Im-{Km-^n-b F-∂
t]-cn¬. A-°m-e-sØ G-‰-hpw hn-‰-gn-°-
s∏-´ im-kv-{X]p-kv-X-Iw B-bn-cp-∂p A-
Xv. X-e-bn-se t]-\pw t\¿a-bm-bn ap-dn-®
tIm¿°pw B -]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ Im-Wn-®n-
cp-∂p. tIm¿°n¬ Im-Wp-∂ sN-dn-b A-
dI- ƒ- °v At- ±l- w "sk¬' F∂- t]c- v- \¬-
In. Po-h-\p-≈ F-√m h-kv-Xp-°-fpw sk-√p-
I-fm¬ \n¿an-X-am-sW-∂v C-∂v \-ap-°v A-
dn-bmw.

lq-°n-s‚ ssa-t{Im-{Km-^n-b ]p-d-Øn-d-
ßn-b-Xn-\p ti-j-am-Wv- 70 ap-X¬ 250 a-S-
ßp h-sc h-ep-Xm-°m≥ I-gn-hp-≈ ssa-
t{Imk- vt- Im∏- pI- f- pa- mb- n Hc- mƒ cwK- Ø- p h-
cp-∂-Xv. A‚-Wn t^m¨
eo-sh≥lq-°v F-∂ H-cp
km-[m-c-W U-®p-Im-c≥.
1632¬ C-∂-sØ s\-
X¿em≥U- vkns- e sU¬^v-

2016 9
BKÃv 1
9

‰k-v n¬ P\- n®- eos- h≥lq°- v Bch- nsS!!!
Iº- nf- n XpW- nb- pa- mb- n _‘- - RßtfmSv tNmZn-°msX
s∏-´ Hcp I-S \-S-Øp-I-bpw
a-‰v Nn-e sN-dn-b hym-]m-c- _mIvSo-cn-b-ß-sf-∏‰n
߃ \-S-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp- I-Øv {]-kn-≤o-I-cn®Xmcm??
∂ Hc- p km[- mc- W- °- mc- \- mb- nc- p∂- p. At±-
l-Øn\v kv-Iqƒ hn-Zym-`ym-kw am-{X-ta D- eoh≥lp°v Cw-•-≠n-se tdm-b¬ skm-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. eo-sh≥lq-°n-s‚ hn- ssk-‰n-°v A-b-®psIm-Sp-Øp sIm-≠n-
t\m-Zw ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ D-≠m-°p- cp-∂p. tdm-b¬ skm-ssk-‰n A-∂-sØ
I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. H-‰ se≥kv D-≈ kn- Im-e-Øv tem-I-Øn-ep-≈ G-‰-hpw _-lp-
ºnƒ ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ B-bn-cp-∂p am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ im-kv-{X ÿm-]-\-am-bn-
Ah. Cu se≥kp-Iƒ h-f-sc sN-dn-b cp-∂p. B-Zyw A-km-[m-c-W-sa-∂v tXm-
tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ D-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Im- ∂ns- b¶- ne- pw skms- sk‰- n eos- h≥lq°- n-
Wm≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS h-f- s‚ ]-e I-Øp-I-fpw {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.
sc AS- pØ- p ]nS- n®- v hn-j-an-®v t\m-°-Ww.
C-sXm-s°-bm-sW-¶n-epw A-∂p-≈-Xn¬ 1676¬ tdm-b¬ skm-ssk-‰n-°v eo-
sh-®v anI-®-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu sIm-®p sh≥lq-°n-s‚ H-cp I-Øp e-`n-®p. A-
ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ. Xp Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sNdnb hkvXp-°sf hep-Xm-bn-°m- "ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS Rm≥ ag-sh-
Wm≥ am{X-a√ eoh≥lp°v Cu D]-I- ≈-Øn¬ Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Isf I≠p.'
cWw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. {]tXy-In®v H∂pw A-¤p-Xw A-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. kzm-Ω¿Umw
ImWmØ CS-ß-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Hfn- F-∂ U-®v im-kv-{X-⁄≥ \nco£n-®
™n-cn-∏pt≠m F∂v At\z-jn-°m\pw G-‰-hpw sN-dn-b PohnItf-°mƒ ]-Xn-
At±lw Cu D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. \m-bn-cw a-S-ßv sN-dp-Xm-Wv- eoh≥lp°v
CXmWv At±-lsØ temI-Ønse I-≠ Po-hn-Iƒ! kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw tdm-
F°m-e-tØbpw anI® imkv{X-Im-c- b¬ skm-ssk-‰n-bn¬ D-≈-h¿°v C-Xv
∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fm-°n-b-Xv. hn-iz-kn-°m≥ _p-≤n-ap-´m-bn-cp-∂p. {]-
ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS I≠ \n-c-h- tXy-In-®v F-gp-Xp-∂ B-fn-\v- A-{X hn-
[n ]-Zm¿∞-ß-sf-bpw Po-hn-Isf-bpw h- Zym-`ym-ksam-∂pw C-√ F-∂ A-h-ÿ-
c-®v hn-h-c-W-ß-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn bn¬.

{]-kn-≤ im-kv-{X-RvP-\m-b Ir-kv-Xn-
bm≥ lm-sK≥kn-s\ t]m-ep-≈-h¿, A-
h¿°v eo-sh≥lq-°v I-≠ Po-hn-I-sf
Im-Wm≥ I-gn-™n-s√-∂pw C-Xv A-t±-l-
Øn-s‚ tXm-∂¬ am-{X-am-sW-∂pw A-
dn-bn-®p. ]-t£, C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- im-kv-{X-

10 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

10

Øn-s‚ co-Xn-bp-sS {]-[m-\yw h-cp-∂-Xv. ߃s°m-s° kv-Iq-fn-se ssa-t{Im-kv-
B-cp ]-d-bp-∂p F-∂-X-√ k-b≥kn¬ tIm-∏v D-]-tbm-Kn-®v ]-co-£n-®p t\m-°m-
{]-[m-\w. F-¥p ]-d-bp-∂p F-∂pw ]-d- hp-∂-Xm-Wv-. A-ao-_, bq•o-\, ]m-c-ao-
bp-∂-Xv i-cn-bm-tWm F-∂p-am-Wv-. h-f- kyw, tdm-´n-s^-d F-∂n-ß-s\ ]-e hn-
sc th-Kw X-s∂ a-‰p Nn-e¿ eo-sh≥lq- [w. C-h-sb-√mw ap-∂q-dn-te-sd h¿jw
°v I-≠ Po-hn-I-sf A-tX t]m-se Im- ap≥]v B-Zy-am-bn tem-I-Øn-\p Im-Wn-
Wm≥ {i-an-°p-I-bpw A-Xn¬ hn-P-bn-°p- ®p tIm-Sp-Ø-Xv eo-sh≥lq-°v B-bn-
I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. 1677¬ eo-h≥lq-°v _m- cp-∂p. A-t±-lw B-Zy-am-bn I-≠ _m-
Œo-cn-b-ß-sf ]-‰n F-gp-Xn-b I-Øv tdm- Œo-cn-b-ß-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv a-\p-jy-\n¬ tcm-
b¬ skm-ssk-‰n {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Xp- K-߃ D-≠m-°p-∂hbmsW-∂v ]n-∂o-
S¿∂v t{]m-t´m-tkm-h-Isf ]-‰n-bp-≈- Sm-Wv- \-ap-°v a-\ n-em-b-Xv. C-tX Xp-
Xpw. ]p-cp-j-_o-P-߃ a-\p-jy-\n-epw ]- S¿∂v tcm-Kw am-‰m≥ ]-‰p-∂ B‚n-_-
e ar-K-ß-fn-epw B-Zy-am-bn I-≠-Xv eo- tbm-´n-°v Hu-j-[-ß-fpw tcm-Kw h-cm-
sh≥lq-°v B-bn-cp-∂p. Xn-cn-°m≥ D-≈ hm-Iv-ko-\p-I-fp-sam-s°
I-≠p]n-Sn-°-s∏-´p. C-Xn-s\m-s° \-ap-
Ip-f-Øn¬ \n-∂v H-cp Xp-≈n sh-≈- °v eo-sh≥lq-°n-t\m-Sv \-μn ]-d-tb-
sa-Sp-Øv ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏n-eq-sS ]-cn- t≠? sIm-Sp-°mw \-ap-°v B U-®p-Im-
tim-[n-®m¬, A-Xn¬ F-{Xam-{Xw A-¤p- c-\v- H-cp h-en-b k-eyq-´v!
X-Po-hn-I-sf Im-Wm-\m-hp-sa-∂v \n-

2016 11
BKÃv 1
11

sI ]m∏q´n

temIw c≠p≠v; kq£vat- em- an° tcmK-߃°pw ImcWw tcmKm-Wp-
°-fm-Wv (lr-t{Zm-Khpw {`m¥pw {]ta-
Ihpw ÿqe-tem-I-hpw. ÿqe- lhpw CXn¬ s]Sn√ tIt´m). Ah ico-
cØ- n¬ {]thi- n®v s]cpI- pt- ºmg- mWv a\p-
temIw \msa-t∏mgpw I≠p-sIm- jy¿ tcmKn-bm-hp-∂-Xv. tcmKm-Wp-°sf
kq£vaZ- ¿in\- nI- ƒ D]t- bmK- n®v t\cnt- ´m,
≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. shdpw IÆp- t^mt´m FSptØm ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
km[mc- W {]Imi- nI kq£vaZ- ¿in\- nI- ƒ,
sIm≠v ImWm≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X CeI- vt{Sm¨ kq£vaZ- ¿in\- nI- ƒ, Bt‰m-
anIv _ow kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ, kvIm\nwKv
sNdnb hkvXp-°fpw Pohn-Ifpw SW-enwKv kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ... Cßs\
F{Xtbm Xcw kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ C∂p-
tN¿∂-XmWv kq£va-tem-Iw. ≠v. tcmKm-Wp-°sf ImWp-Ibpw Ah-
bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw
kq£va-tem-I-sØ-∏‰n ]≠v sNbvX-tXm-sS-bmWv Ahsb ico-c-Øn¬

a\p-jy\v H∂pw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp- Nn{XoI- c- Ww:
kNo{μ≥ ImdU- p°
∂n-√. hmbp Ds≠-∂-dnbmw;

]t£, AXn-se-s¥m-s°-bm-Wp-

≈Xv F∂-dn-bn-√. hkvXp-°sf

apdn®v sNdp-Xm°n, ]nt∂w

]nt∂w apdn®v sNdp-

Xm°n Aßs\

t]mbm¬ F{X hsc

t]mIm≥ ]‰pw?

B‰w BIpw hsc

F∂v {]mNo\

{Ko°p-Im¿. IWw

hsc F∂v {]mNo\

C¥y-°m¿. ]t£,

ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏p-I-fpsS AsXms° shdpw
klmb- t- Øms- Stb Dulw Bbn-cp-∂p.
Bcpw AsXm∂pw
\ap°v kq£vaP- oh- nI- sf I≠nc- p∂- n√- .
ImWm≥ Ignb- q, At√?
At∏mƒ ssat{Imk- vtIm- Bfp-Iƒ tcmKw
∏ns- \°- pd- n®pw Nne Imcy- h∂p acn-°pI
߃ a\ - ne- m°- mw. NncpX- - A∂p k¿hk- m[- mc- -
Wa- mb- nc- p∂- p. ssZh-
°p´- nb- psS amjns\˛ tIm]w sImt≠m
]m∏q´- na- mj- ns- \˛ ]cnNb- -
s∏S- pt- Ø≠ Bhi- ya- n√- t- √m.

]nim-Np-°-fpsSbpw Zp¿tZ-h-X-I-

fp-sSbpw D]-{Zhw sImt≠m

BWv tcmKw hcp-∂Xv F∂m-W-

h¿ hniz-kn-®-Xv.

C∂n-t∏mƒ \Ωƒ°-dnbmw

12 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

12

F
F FF

F

{]thi- n°- msX XSb- m\pw {]thi- n®- h- sc Xv. \Spth apdn®- m¬ apdn`- mKw Nn{XØ- n¬
\in-∏n-°m-\p≈ Huj-[-߃ \n¿an- ImWpw-t]m-en-cn-°pw.
°m\pw a\p-jy\p Ign-™-Xv.
se≥kne- qsS Hcp {]Imi- _ow ISØ- n-
tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv hn-´m¬ adp-h-iØv AXv Hcp _nμp-hn¬
F∂ A¤p-X-hkvXp HØpt- N¿∂v ho≠pw AI∂- pt- ]mI- p∂- Xp
ImWmw. Cßs\ HØp-tN-cp∂ (kw-{h-
C∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ D]-tbm-K-Øn- Pn-°p-∂) _nμp-hns\ se≥kns‚
ep-f-fXv km[m-cW {]Imiw sIm≠v t^m°kv (F) F∂p ]d-bpw. saen™
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ kq£va-Z¿in-\n-I-fmWv. se≥kns‚ t^m°kv Zqsc Bbnc- n°- pw.
hkvXp-°sf ]tØm \qtdm Bbnctam IpS-h-b-d-∑m-cp-tSXv ASp-Øpw.
Cc´n hep∏- Ø- n¬ ImWn°- m≥ Chbv°v se≥kns‚ \Sp-°p-\n∂v t^m°- n-te-
Ignb- pw. Chb- nse {][m\ LSIw ct≠m °p≈ Zqc-amWv t^m°¬Zqcw (f).
AXn-e-[n-Itam tIm¨shIvkv se≥kp-
If- mW- v. se≥kn-s‚bpw t^m°- n-s‚bpw
CSbv°v Hcp hkvXp sh® tijw adp-h-
tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv ImWm-Ø-h- iØp \n∂v t\m°n-bm¬ hkvXp-hns‚
cp≠- mI- n√- . F√m Iymad- I- f- ps- Sbpw ap≥h- "hepXpw Xe-Xn-cn-™-Xp-amb' {]Xn-
iØp Xs∂ AXp≠- v. ssIt\m´- °- mc- psS _nw_w \ap°v ImWm≥ ]‰pw. At∏mƒ
Iønepw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ssItc-J-Isf B se≥kns\ Hcp "eLp kq£va-
hep-Xm°n°mWn-®v, hmbn-°p-∂-Xmbn
\Sn-®v, `mhn {]h-Nn®v \Ωsf ]‰n-°m≥. Z¿in\n' (simple microscope) F∂p hnfn-
bv°mw. XSn® se≥kv D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬
hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn¬, a[y-`m-K-tØbv°p \qtdm Ccp\- qtdm Cc´n hsc hep∏- Ø- n¬
hcpw tXmdpw I\w IqSn-h-cp-∂, s\ø-∏- {]Xn-_nw_w ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
Øns‚ cq]a- p≈ kv^SnIw (•mk- v) BWv
se≥kv. sNdp-Xm-sW-¶n¬ apXn-c-bpsS
cq]a- ms- W∂p ]db- mw. apXnc- bv°v em‰n≥
`mj-bn¬ "se‚n¬' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I.
AXn¬ \n∂mWv se≥kv F∂ t]cp h∂-

Bcm-WmZyw se≥kp-≠m-°n-bXv?

B¿°pw Adn-bn-√. {]IrXn Xs∂
D≠m°- ns- b∂pw B´nS- b- ∑- m¿ Is≠Ø- n-
sb-∂p-amWv Dulw. A·n-
]¿h-X-kvt^m-S\w \S-°p-
tºmƒ Nnet- ∏mƒ knen°
AS-ßnb ]mdbpw NpÆm-
ºp-I√pw tN¿∂v Dcp-Im-\n-

2016 13
BKÃv 1
13

S-bm-Ipw. AXv emh-bmbn °p∂ C_v≥ ˛ A¬ lbvXm-an-s\-°p-
dn®v \n߃ tI´n´- p≠- mI- pa- t- √m. 965˛1040
HgpIn Dd-bv°p-tºmƒ ImeØv Cdm°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp
henb imkv{X⁄- \- mb- nc- p∂p At±l- w.
kv^Sn-I-ambn amdpw. At±-l-Øns‚ "InXm_v A¬ a\m-kn¿'
({]Im-i-Øns‚ ]pkvX-Iw) F∂ {KŸ-
AXn¬ Nne-Xn\v Øn¬ c≠v tIm¨shIvkv se≥kp-Iƒ
At\ym\yw Hcp {]tXyI AI-e-Øn¬
se≥kns‚ cq]-ap-≠m-Ipw. Ah ImWm- sh®v t\m°n-bm¬ sNdnb hkvXp-°sf
hepX- mbn ImWms- a∂pw as‰mc- I- e- Ø- n¬
\n-S-bmb B´n-S-b¿ AsXmcp IuXp-I-h- sh®p t\m°n-bm¬ Zqsc-bp≈ hkvXp-
°sf ASpØp hepX- mbn ImWms- a∂pw
kvXp-hmbn sNdnb hkvXp-°sf hep- hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kq£va-Z¿in-\n-bp-
sSbpw Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bp-sSbpw XØz-amWv
Xm°n ImWn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p CsX¶- nepw At±lw Ah \n¿an®- nc- pt∂m
F∂d- nb- n√- .
F∂mWv IY. t\tcm Ft¥m? C∂v
aq∂p \q‰m≠v Ign™v InXm_v A¬
\ap°v hy‡-am-b-dn-bm-hp∂ G‰hpw ]g- a\mk- ndns‚ em‰n≥ ]cn`- mj bqtdm∏- n¬
D≠m-bn. imkv{X-cw-KØv Hcp henb
°a- p≈ se≥kv Akod- nb- b- n¬ (Cd- m°- v) IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn-te°v AXp \bn-®p.
se∏¿sjbpw ]n∂oSv Keo-en-tbmbpw
\n∂v Is≠-Ønb \nwdpZv se≥kv BWv. BZysØ sSen-kvtIm-∏p-Iƒ \n¿an-®p.
AXn\p apºv, 1575¬ s\X¿e-≠n¬
308 sk‚o-ao‰¿ h-ep-∏-ap-ff AXv \n¿an- lm≥kv Pm≥k\pw aI≥ k°-dn-bmkv
Pm≥k\pw tN¿∂v BZysØ kwbp‡
®Xv 2750 Hmfw sIm√w apºm-Wv. CØcw kq£vaZ- ¿in\n (H∂- nt- esd se≥kpI- ƒ
tN¿∂ kq£va-Z¿in-\n) D≠m-°n. Cw•-
henb se≥kp-Iƒ kqcy\p t\sc ]nSn- ≠n¬ tdm_¿´v lq°v (\yq-´s‚ ka-Im-
enI- ≥) kq£vaZ- ¿in\n D≠m°- pI am{X-
®m¬, kqcys‚ NqSpw {]Im-ihpw a-√, "ssat{Im-{Km-^nb' F∂ {KŸhpw
cNn-®p. I\w Ipd®p sNØn-sb-SpØ
t^m°- n¬ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-sa∂pw tIm¿°v Ij-W-ßsf lq°v \nco-£n-
®v, I≠ ImgvN IS-em-kn¬ hc-®p-sh-®p.
hkvXp°- sf IØn°- m≥ AXn\p Ignb- p- ]e ]e Ad-Iƒ t]mse ImW-s∏-´-Xp-
sIm≠v Ahsb "sk¬' F∂p hnfn-®p.
sa∂pw CuPn-]vXp-Im¿°pw Ako-dn-b- A∂v samWmÃ- d- nI- f- n¬ IrkvXy≥ ]mXn-
cn-am¿ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ sIm®p apdn-I-sf-
°m¿°pw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. bmWv sk√p-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
AtX cq]w tXm∂n-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv
Ch-cn-em-sc-¶nepw tIm¨shIvkv lq°v tIm¿°n¬ I≠ cq]-ß-sfbpw
sk¬ F∂p hnfn-®-Xv. Ct∏mƒ kky-
se≥kns\ Hcp eLp kq£va-Z¿in-\n- ßf- ps- Sbpw PohnI- f- ps- Sbpw tImiß- sf
sk¬ F∂p hnfn-°p-tºmƒ tdm_¿´v
bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cpt∂m F∂-dn-bn-√. lq°n-t\m-SmWv \mw IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ {Kokn¬ kz¿Ww sIm≠pw

a‰pw Ae¶- mc- h- k- vXp°- ƒ D≠m°- p∂- h- ¿

Ahsb hep-Xmbn ImWm≥ se≥kv D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p F∂v tcJ-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

A¬ l ≥ F∂v bqtdm-]y¿ hnfn-

14 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

14

Fw KoXm-RvPen

a\p-jy¿°v ag-°mew XpS-ßn. C\n ]I¿®-∏- Nn{XoI- c- Ww: kXojv
D]I- mc- nI- f- mb- h- b- mWv \n-I-fpsS hc-hm-bn. Pe-tZm-jw, Npa,
kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- ne- [- nI- h- pw. ^vfq, sshd¬ ^oh¿, sU¶n-∏-\n,
Fs¥ms° D]-Im-c-ß-fm- Nn°p≥Kp-\nb Cßs\ t]mIp∂p
Wh \ap°v sNøp-∂-Xv ? \os≠mcp enÃv. IqsS-Øs∂ hb-dn-
D]-{Z-h-ß-tfm? imkv{Xm- f-°-ß-fpsS as‰mcp \nc ˛ tImf-d,
[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂ KoXm- Unk‚-dn, Utb-dn-b. Cu Akp-J-
RvPent®®n ]d-bp-∂Xv ߃s°√mw Imc-W-°m-cmb sshd-
kp-I-tfbpw _mŒo-cn-bß-tfbpw
tIƒ°q. Ah ]c-Øp∂ sImXp-Ip-I-tfbpw
Cu®-I-tfbpw F√mw \Ωƒ i]n-
°m≥ XpS-ßpw. C{X I„-∏mSv
Xcp∂ Pohn-Isf `qap-JØv F¥n-
\mWv {]IrXn kr„n-®p-hn-Sp-∂Xv
F∂v A¤pX- s- ∏S- pw. sshdk- v, _mŒo-
cnb Fs∂√mw tIƒ°pt- ºmtg Hcp-
]mSv ]I¿®h- ym[- nI- f- mWv \ΩpsS a\-
 nt- e°v X≈n hcnI- .

2016 15
BKÃv 1
15

Akp-J-ß-fp-≠m-hm≥ t{]mt´mt- kmh
Imc-W-°m-cm-Ip∂p _mŒo-
cnb t]mep≈ ssat{Im-_p- 3) Pe-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂tXm
Iƒ F∂p Icp-Xn, F√m A√msX sNdpIWnI- I- f- mbn ]q¿Wa- mbn
kq£av P- oh- nI- fpw \ap°v D]{- Zhw am{Xta ebn-°m-sXtbm InS-°p∂ amen-\y-ßsf
D≠m-°p-∂p≈q Fs∂m-cn-°epw Icp-X- \o°w sNbvXv Pew ip≤oI- c- n°- p∂- X- n\v
cpX- v. hmkvXh- Ø- n¬ C{Xbpw henb Af- ]e ssat{Im-_p-I-sfbpw \mw D]-tbm-
hn-ep≈ ssat{Im-_p-I-fn¬ A[n-Ihpw Kn-°p-∂p.
a\p-jy\v D]-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cn-√msX
\ap°v `qan-bn¬ \ne-\n¬t∏ C√ F∂- 4) Du¿tPm¬∏m-Z\ {]{In-b-bmWv
XmWv kXyw. GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ Ah¿ as‰m-∂v. _tbm-Kymkv dnbm-Œ-dp-I-fn¬
\sΩ klmb- n°- p∂p Fs∂m∂v ]cnt- im- aotXbv≥ D¬∏m-Z-\-Øn\pw s^¿sa-
[n-°mw. t‚j≥ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS CssX¬
1) aÆn-ep≈ t]mj-I-L-S-I-ß-sfbpw B¬°-tlmƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw
[mXp-e-h-W-ß-sfbpw kky-ß-fn-te°v hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ \mw ssat{Im-_p-Isf
FØn-°p-∂Xv aÆn-ep≈ hnhn[ B{i-bn-°p-∂p.
ssat{Im-_p-I-fm-Wv.
2) `qan-bnse G‰hpw henb ipNo-I- 5) hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hen-
b-tXm-Xn¬ ]e cmk-]-Zm¿∞-ßfpw
cW {]h¿ØI- c- mWv ssat{Im_- pI- ƒ. ]e- F≥ssk-ap-Ifpw _tbm BŒohv X∑m-
Xcw _mŒo-cn-b-ßfpw t{]mt´m-tkm-h- {XI- fpw D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- p∂- X- n\v _mŒoc- nb- ,
Ifpw ^wK - pI- fpw B¬KI- fpw arXa- mb ^wK-kp-Iƒ F∂n-hsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
kky-˛-P-¥p-Pm-e-ßsf Po¿Wn-∏n-°p-∂- ∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Cu ssat{Im-_p-
Xn\v klmb- n°- p∂- p (decomposers). {]Ir- Isf D]-tbm-Kn®v Ak-‰nIv Bkn-Uv,
Xnb- n¬ ssPha- me- n\- yß- ƒ Ip∂pI- qS- msX _yq´n-dnIv Bkn-Uv, emIv‰nIv Bkn-Uv,
AgpIn Po¿Wn®v aÆn¬ Ie¿∂v t]mIp- kn{SnIv BknUv F∂nh D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-
∂Xv Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Ah Xn∂p ∂p-≠v. c‡w I´-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw I´-]n-
t]mIp-∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv. Sn°- mX- nc- n°- p∂- X- n\pw thsd thsd cmk-
]-Zm¿∞-߃ B¬sK-I-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-
°p-∂p. hb-dn-f-°-Øn-\p≈ acp-∂p-Ifpw
hb-‰nse hnc If-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ acp-∂p-
Ifpw ssat{Im-_p-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-®p-≠m-
°p-∂p.

6) _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, _tbm-sI-an-
kv{Sn, P\-‰n-Ivkv, tamfn-°p-em¿ _tbm-

16 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

16

fPn, ssat{Im-_-tbm-fPn XpS-ßnb

imkv{X-im-J-I-fn-se√mw ]T\w \S-Øp-

∂-Xn\v G‰hpw ASnÿ- m\- ]- c- a- mbn \mw

D]t- bmK- n°- p∂- Xv kq£av P- oh- nI- s- fb- mW- .v

7) ^wKkv hn`mK- Ø- n¬s∏´ boÃv D]-

tbm-Kn-®mWv ssh≥ t]mep≈ ]m\o-b-

߃ D≠m-°m≥ ]g-ßsf ]pfn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xv. t_°d- nI- f- n¬ ]el- mc- ß- ƒ D≠m°- p-

∂X- n\- v, A®md- pI- ƒ \n¿an°- p∂- X- n\- v, ]e

`£y-h-kvXp-°-sfbpw kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-

°p-∂-Xn\v F√mw boÃv t]mep≈

ssat{Im-_p-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

8) \ΩpsS Zl-t\-{μn-b-hyq-l-Øn-\p-

≈n¬ Pohn°- p∂ _mŒoc- nb Zl\- Ø- n¬

henb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v. t^mfnIv

BknU- pt- ]me- p≈ hn‰ma- n\- pI- ƒ \ΩpsS

ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬Øs∂ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn\pw Zln-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈
k¶o¿W-amb A∂-P-ßsf (carbohy-
drates) s^¿sa‚ v sNbvXv thsd cmk
kwbp-‡-ß-fm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-sa√mw Cu

_mŒo-cnb klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.

9) \ΩpsS Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬

ssat{Im-_p-Iƒ°v henb Hcp [¿aw

Xs∂-bp-≠v. ssPh-h-kvXp-°sf Po¿Wn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS _mŒo-cn-b, ^wK-kv, B¬KI- ƒ a\pj- y\v \√ Blmc- a- mW- v.
B¬sK XpS-ßnb ssat{Im-_p-Iƒ `qan- 12) I∂pI- me- nI- ƒ°pw ]∂nI- ƒ°pw
bnse Im¿_¨ ˛ ss\{S-P≥ ˛ HmIvkn-
P≥ N{I-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw kwXp- tImgn t]mep≈ hf¿Øp]- £- nI- ƒ°pw
e-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Xo‰-bmbn IS¬ B¬K D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂p-≠v.
10) sNdp PeP- oh- nI- f- n¬ an°X- ns- ‚bpw
Blm-c-amWv kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmb 13) ]e [mXp-°-fp-tSbpw \s√mcp
t{]mt´mtkmh-Iƒ. Ch {]Ir-Xn-bnse t{kmX- mWv B¬K-Iƒ. Nph∏v
Blm-c-irw-J-e-bnse G‰hpw BZysØ B¬KI- f- n¬ \n∂v t{_man\pw {_u¨
IÆn-X-s∂-sb∂p ]d-bmw. Aßs\ IS¬∏m-b-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ab-Un\pw
Blm-c-irw-Je \nb-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m- IqSmsX a‰p ]mb-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v
Ip∂ tPmen t{]mt´mt- kmhI- f- mWv sNøp- s]m´mjpw th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v.
∂Xv F∂p ]d-bmw.
14) iq\ym-Im-i-bm-{X-I-fn¬ bm{Xm-
11) ]eX- cw ^wKk- pI- fpw (DZm: IqWp- t]-S-I-ß-fnse bm{X-°m-cpsS D—zm-k-
Iƒ) B¬K-Ifpw a\p-jy¿ `£-W-ambn hmb- ph- nse Im¿_¨ UtbmI- vsskUv
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. hf-sc-b-[nIw Hgnh- m°- p∂- X- n\pw HmIvkn-
t{]m´o\pw Im¿t_m-ssl-t{U-‰p-Ifpw P≥ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-
sImgp-∏p-Ifpw (fats), hn‰m-an≥ F, _n, Xn\pw Nne {]tXy-I-Xcw
kn, C XpS-ßn-b-hbpw AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ B¬K-Iƒ (chlorella
synococcus) D]-tbm-Kn-

2016 17
BKÃv 1
17

°p-∂p-≠v. `£-W-ambpw Chsb I-fn¬s∏´ _mŒo-cn-b-bm-Wv.
iq\ymI- mi- b- m{- XnI- ¿ D]t- bmK- n°- p∂- p. aeº- \n (at- ed- nb- ), a\pj- yc- nepw I∂p-

15) sImXpIv IqØm-Sn-I-fpsS Im-en-I-fnepw ImWp∂ …o∏nßv
hf¿®sb XS-bp-∂-Xn\v Nne-Xcw kn°v\ v (sleeping sickness), Aao-_nIv
B¬K klm-bn-°p-∂p. Ah ]pd-s∏- Unk‚-dn XpS-ßn-bh D≠m-°p∂Xv.
Sp-hn-°p∂ Nne tSmIvkn-\p-Iƒ Ipf- t{]mt´m-tkmh h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ kq£va-
Ønepw Agp-°p-Nm-ep-I-fn-ep-ap≈ Poh- nI- f- mW- v.
IqØmS- nI- sf hfc- m≥ A\ph- Z- n°- msX
XS-bp-∂p. CXv \ap°v KpW-am-Wv. dnMvthw (h´- s- ®md- n), lntÃmπ- mk- vtam-
knkv F∂nh ^wK-kp-I-fmWv D≠m-°p-
kq£av P- oh- nI- s- fs- °m≠v \ap°- p≈ ∂-Xv.
D]-tbm-K-߃ C\nbpw FÆn-sbÆn
]d-bm-\p-≠v. D]-Imcw sNøp-tºmƒ sshd-kp-Iƒ Imc-W-°m-cmb ]I¿®-
Xs∂ Nne ssat{Im-_p-I-sf-s°m≠v hym-[n-I-fmWv ^vfq, sbt√m ^oh¿, Pe-
\ap°v henb D]-{Z-h-hp-ap-≠v. Nne-sX- tZmj- w, ]£n∏- \- n, ]∂n∏- \- n, sU¶n∏- \- n,
¶nepw \ap°v H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Nn°p≥Kp-\n-b, sl¿]n-kv˛1, sl¿]nkv
˛2, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv F, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv _n,
1) ]e _mŒoc- nb- ßfpw ^wK - pI- fpw t]mfntbm, F®v sF hn, F®v ]n hn,
t{]mt´m-tkm-h-Ifpw sshd-kp-Ifpw FbvUvkv, ap≠n-\ocv (mumps), dps_√,
\ap°v ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p- akqc- n, Nn°≥t]mI- vkv, aok¬kv, dm_o-
≠v. tcmK-Im-c-W-°m-cmb kq£v-a-Po-hn- kv, Ft_mf XpS-ßn-b-h.
Isf ]mtØm-P-\p-Iƒ (Pathogens)
F∂p hnfn°- p∂- p. \ap°p ]cnN- b- a- p≈ ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ°v Imc-W-°m¿
Nne t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bmw. sImXptIm Cu®tbm H∂p-a√
Ft∂m¿an-°-Ww. Imc-W-°m¿ ta¬∏-
tπKv, £bw (TB), sS‰-\-kv, Un^vXo- d™ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Xs∂. Ahsb
cn-b, tImf-d, B{¥m-Ivkv, `£y-hn-j-
_m-[, Zl-t\-{μn-b-hyq-l-Øns‚ Cua¿nÃ∏Xh¿snapsIW√Scmtwnn-º-b]tp≥]mshSm. pb\w?tΩ√-smf-
hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep-≠m-hp∂
Aƒk-dp-Iƒ, sKmtWm-dn-b,
sa\n-RvssP-‰n-kv, Utb-dn-b,
\yqtam-Wn-b, Nne XzIvtcmK-
߃ XpS-ßnb Akp-J-
߃°v Imc-W-°m¿
hyXykvX kv]ojok- p-

18 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

18

Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v as‰m-cm-fn-te°v ]c-Øp∂ ≠m-Wv. ]e B¬K-Ifpw sh≈-Øn¬
]Wn-bmWv Cu®, sImXp-Iv, t]≥, Fen a’y-ß-fpsSbpw a‰p Pe-Po-hn-I-fp-
XpS-ßnb ]e Pohn-Ifpw sNøp-∂-Xv. sSbpw \mi-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p.
hmbp-hn-eqsSbpw sh≈-ØneqsSbpw
`£-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw kv]¿i-\-Øn-eq- ]e kkyß- f- ps- Sbpw acß- f- ps- Sbpw
sSbpw ssewKn-I-_-‘-Øn-eq-sSbpw apI-fn¬ hf-cp∂ B¬K-Iƒ Ah-bn¬
Hs° tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ ]c-°p-∂p-≠v. \S°- p∂ {]Imi- k- wt- «j- W {]{Inb- sb
XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ahbv°v henb
tcmK-߃°v Imc-W-am-Ip∂p F∂-X- \miw D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
√msX thsdbpw [mcmfw D]-{Z-h-߃
\ap°v D≠m°- p∂ kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- p≠- v. Bkm-anepw a‰pw ImWp∂ Hcp-Xcw
B¬K tXbn-e-s®-Sn-I-fn¬ "sdUv dÃv
]g-߃, ]®-°-dn-Iƒ, `£-W-]- Hm^v So' F∂ Hcp Akp-J-Øn\v Imc-
Zm¿∞-߃ F∂nh tISp-h-cp-Øn-°-f- W-am-hp-∂p-≠v. Ahn-SsØ Im∏n-s®-Sn-I-
bp∂ ]q∏¬, ^wK- p-I-fm-Wv. fnepw Cu tcmKw ImWp-∂p. tXbne ˛
Im∏n hyhk- mb- sØ CXv h√msX _m[n-
\ΩpsS ]e Irjn-Ifpw ^wK- p-Iƒ °p-∂p.
ImcWw tcmKw h∂v \in°- p∂- p≠- v. Ae-
¶mc- s- ®S- nI- t- fbpw ^wK - pI- ƒ B{Ia- n®v Cßs\ ]d™- pt- ]mh- pI- b- ms- W¶- n¬
tcmK-߃ D≠m-°p-∂p-≠v. ssat{Im-_p-I-sf-s°m-≠p≈ D]-{Z-h-
ßfpw Hcp-]mSv ]d-bm-\p-≠m-hpw. Hcp-
\ΩpsS XpWn-I-fnepw a‰pw ImWp∂ Imcyw Dd∏- mW- v. Cu kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- mWv
"Icnº- ≥' F∂ IdpØ sNdp IpØpI- ƒ `qan-bnse kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw
^wK- p-I-fm-Wv. Cu¿∏-tØmsS XpWn- \ne\- n¬∏n\- v kl- mb- n°- p∂- h- ¿. Pohnt- em-
Iƒ Iq´n-sh-®n-cp-∂m¬ AXn¬ ^wKkv IØv _p≤n-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v F¥pw
hf¿∂v s]cp-Ip-∂-XmWv Icn-º≥. AXv sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡-cmWv a\p-jy¿
XpWnI- sf \in∏- n°- p∂- p, D]t- bmK- i- q\- y- F∂v \Ωƒ hnNm-cn-°p-tºmgpw hn\-b-
am-°p-∂p. ]q¿hw Ht∂m¿°p-∂Xv \∂v˛ Cu AXn-
kq-£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Cs√-¶n¬ \ap°v `qan-
Pem-i-b-ß-fnse sh≈-Øn\v ]® bn¬ Pohn-°mt\ Bhn-√.
\ndtam Nph∏p \ndtam Hs° ImWp-∂p-
s≠¶- n¬ AXv B¬KIƒ \nd™- X- ps- Im-

B‚ n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ

AkpJw h∂-t∏mƒ tUmŒ¿ B‚n-_-tbm-
´nIv Ipdn®p X∂-Xmbn ]ecpw ]d-bp-∂Xv tI´n-
´p-≠m-hp-a-t√m. F¥mWv Cu B‚n-_-tbm-´n-Iv?
Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ acp-∂p-
I-fmWv B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bmw.
_mŒoc- nb- ß- ƒ, ^wKk- pI- ƒ F∂nh- b- n¬ \n∂pw
B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂p. Ch D]-tbm-
Kn-®mWv tcmK-Im-cn-I-fmb _mŒo-cn-b-I-tfbpw
a‰pw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. s]\n-kn-enbw s\mt´‰w
F∂ ]q∏n¬ \n∂pw \n¿an-°p∂ s]\nkn-en≥
F∂ Huj[w Gsd {]kn-≤-am-W-t√m.

2016 19
BKÃv 1
19

kvIqfp-hn-´p-h-∂m-ep-S≥ ]n sI kp[n
\Ω-sfms° sNøp∂ Hcp
]Wn-bp-≠-t√m. as‰m-∂p-a-√. Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw.
\√ XWpØ sh≈-Ønse XWpØ kt¥mjw. Nne-
Ipfnb- mW- X- v. scms° IqSp-X¬
hrØn°v th≠n AWp\- m-
_ n¬ \n∂pw IqSnb- X- v˛ in\- nI- ƒ tN¿sØ∂v Ah-
hnb¿∏v, IoSmW- p°- ƒ F√m- Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ tkm∏mhpw
sa√mw t]mbn. ico-c-Ønse D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.
Agp°pw sagp-°p-sa√mw
Hgp-In-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ Hcm-izm- hne-Iq-Sn-bXpw aW-ap-
kw. Ipfn Ign-bp-tºmƒ ≈-Xp-amb tkm∏p-]-tbm-
Kn®p Ipfn-®n´pw Ipd®p
Ahm-Ny-amb Ign-bp-tºmƒ H∂p
kpJw sXmSp-∂- hnb¿Øm¬ \ΩpsS
kzm`mhnI K‘w
s»m! hnNm-cn-®-Xp-t]m-e-√ sXmen°v XncnsI hcpw.
Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ. i°v... i°v... kvt{] ASn-
\ΩpsS sXmen-∏p-dØv ®n´pw henb Imcy-an-√.
aWw \ΩpsS ]g-bXp
Xs∂ D≠s{X Ah. Ipd- Xs∂. F{X kq£n-
s®m-∂p-a-√; tImSn-°-W- ®mepw CsX-ßs\
°n-\v. IuXp-I-I-c-amb XncnsI hcp∂p? AXns‚
Cu Imcyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p- Kp´≥kv F¥m-sW-∂-dn-
bt≠?
∂Xv imkv{X-sagpØpIm-
c-\mb ]n sI kp[nama- Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

\mW- .v

20

20

Hcp {Sn√y¨ kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ F∏n-tU¿an-knepw aqSn-bpsS t^mfn-°n-
fp-I-fn-ep-amWv Ch hkn-°p-∂-Xv. Bbn-c-
GI-tZiw H∂c apX¬ c≠p NXp-c- tØmfw PmXnb- n¬s∏S- p∂ _mŒoc- nb- ß- -
{i-ao-‰¿ hnkvXr-Xn-bp-≈-XmWv a\p-jy- fm-W-Xn¬ apJyw. ^wK-kp-Ifpw sshd-
cpsS sXmen. AXn¬ Hcp {Sn√y¨ kp-Ifpw AXn\p ]pd-sa. F{X Xpc-Øn-
kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ Xmh-f-a-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. bmepw Ah¿ t]mIn-√. \√ hne-bp≈
AXm-bXv 1,000,000,000,000 (e£w tImSn) tkm∏p-sIm≠v Ipfn-®m-sem∂pw Ahsc
FÆw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmWv \ΩpsS ]pd- HmSn-°m≥ km[n-°n-√. \ΩpsS icocw
Øp≈- X- v. _mŒoc- nb- , ^wKk- pI- ƒ, sshd- \Ωp-tSXp am{X-a√ F∂m-iz-kn-°pI
kpI- ƒ F∂nh- c- mWv \ΩpsS icoc- Ø- ns‚ am{Xta \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q.
AXn¿Ønb- mb Xz°n¬ XºS- n®- nc- n°- p∂- -
Xv. sXmen AXni- ‡- a- mb IhN- a- mW- v. Cu kam-[m-\n-°m≥ th≠n-bn-ßs\ Icp-
aXn¬s°´- p≈- X- n\- m¬ AWpP- oh- nI- ƒ°v Xmw. \ΩpsS sXmen-∏p-dØv Hcp-Zym-\-ap-
D≈nt- e°v \pg™- pI- b- d- m≥ km[n°- p∂- n- ≠v. GXm≠v Bbnc- t- Ømfw PmXn _mŒo-
√. aXn¬∏p-dsØ ]mbepw ]∂epw amXn- cn-b-߃, ]Xn-∂mep h¿§-Øn¬s∏´
cn Ah sXmen-bn¬ ]‰n-°q-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ^wKk- pI- ƒ F∂nh Xnßn \nd™ ImSv.
AXpw Npa-∂mWv \Ω-fn-ßs\ \S-°p-∂-
\ΩpsS sXmen-bpsS ]pdw-]m-fn-bmb Xv. h√m-sØmcp ]Wn Xs∂.

\ΩpsS icoc- a- W- Ø- n\p ImcW- -
°mcpw Cu AWpP- oh- nI- f- mW- .v Nne
_mŒo-cnb `mbn-Iƒ \ΩpsS
hnb¿∏ns\ hnL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.
AXn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ cmk-h-
kvXp-°-fmWv ico-c-Øn\v K‘w
sImSp-°p-∂-Xv.

AΩ-bpsS D≈n¬ H∂p-a-dn-
bmsX Npcp≠p InS∂ B sNdnb
Imea- nt- √. At∏mƒ am{Xa- mb- nc- p∂p
\ap°v \Ωp-tS-Xmb Xz°p-≠m-bn-
cp-∂-Xv. AΩhbdn¬ \n∂pw NmSn-
t∏m-∂-tXmsS Ah¿ B{I-aWw
XpS-ßn-bnt√! \ΩpsS sXmen-bn¬
]‰n°- qSn Xmak- n°- m≥ Cu kq£va-
Poh- nI- ƒ \Ωƒ hcp∂- Xpw ImØp\- n∂- p.

t]Sn-t°≠, kl-Po-h-\hpw
ktlm-]-Im-cn-X-bp-amWv

Nn{XoI- c- Ww: Cu iey-߃ Cßs\ taØp Ib-dn-
kXojv bnc- n°- pt- ºms- gß- s- \b- mW- ∏m kam[- m\- -
ambn Ddß- p∂- Xv? Ahs- cs- ¥¶- nepw kpJ-
t°-Sp-I-fp-≠m-°n-bmtem?

Aß-s\-sbm∂pw Icp-
X≠- . Chc- n¬ an°t- ]cpw
\Ω-fp-ambn kl-h-kn-
°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXv C∂-

2016 21
BKÃv 1
21

setbm Ct∂m A√. a\p-jy-cp-ambn {]tal- t- cmK- nI- ƒ, hr≤¿ F∂nh- c- psS
\q‰m≠pIfpsS _‘a- mW- h- b- v°p≈- X- v. A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb sXmen-bn-eqsS Ch-
Ah-cn¬ an° PmXn kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw scms° Nne-t∏mƒ D≈n-te°v \pg™p
\ap°- v D]I- mc- nI- f- mW- v. \ΩpsS Np‰p]- m- Ib-dm-dp≠v. Nne-cpsS hnb¿∏n\v cq£-
Sp-I-f- nse D]-Im-cn-I-fmb kq£va-Po-hn- K‘w hcm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw Cu A[n-\n-
Isf°pdn®v \n߃ hmbn-®-Xm-W-t√m. th-i-°m-cpsS ]Wn Imc-W-am-Wv.
A-Xp-t]mse sXmen-bnse an{X-ß-fm-Wn-
h¿. B Xºp-I-sf-hnsS?

\ΩpsS sXmen-hm-kn-I-fmb _mŒo-cn- Cu _mŒo-cn-b-߃ Fhn-sS-sbm-s°-
bßfn¬ Nne-scms° bmsXmcp tZmj- bmWv XºS- n®- nc- n°- p∂- Xv F∂p t\m°mw.
hpa- p≠- m°- msX sXmen∏- pd- Øv NpΩmsX ico-c-Ønse DW-ßnb `mK-߃, \\-hp-
Xma-kn-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q. Nne¿ Xßsf ≈n-Sw, FÆ-a-b-ap≈ `mK-߃ F∂n-hn-S-
B{I-an-°m≥ hcp∂ a‰p _mŒo-cn-b- ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ Xmh-f-߃ tXSn-bn-cn-
ßsf AI-‰m≥ Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°-fp- °p-∂-Xv.
≠m-°m-dp-≠v. AXv \ap°p IqSn KpW-
I-c-am-Wv. ImcWw A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fmb ssIIm-ep-I-fmWv Ft∏mgpw DW-ßn-
_mŒoc- nb- ß- ƒ \ΩpsS sXmensb B{I- bn-cn-°p∂ `mKw. sXmen aS-°p-Iƒ,
an-°m≥ hcn-√-t√m. h√-t∏mgpw am{Xw k‘n-I-fpsS Dƒh-i-߃, amdn-Sw, hnc-
Ipfn-°p-∂-hsc kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv Cu ep-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse Cu¿∏-Øn¬
_mŒoc- nb- ß- f- mW- v.
X]zX°^n-∂vw\Kmn- hempp-I-khfnn-I`pwm-fKmwb
\Ωfpw Cu kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-ambn lmP-cpt≠..!
Hcp _‘a- ps- ≠∂p a\ - ne- mb- nt- √. Hcp
Ipg-∏-hp-ap-≠m-°msX Ah-c-ßs\
\ΩpsS ]pdØv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. ChnsS
a\p-jy\pw _mŒo-cn-bbv°pw ]c-kv]cw
KpW-hp-an-√ tZmj-hp-an-√. Nne _mŒo-cn-
bß- ƒ \ap°v KpWw Xcp∂- p≠- v. ]Icw
\Ω-f-hsc Xma-kn-°m-\p≈ CSw-sIm-
SpØv kwc-£n-°p-∂p. Cßs\ tZmj-
ß-fp-≠m-°msX Hcp-an®v Xma-kn-°p-
Ibpw As√-¶n¬ ]c-kv]cw Xmßmbn
KpW-߃ ]¶n-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pohn-
_‘- ß- f- mWv ktlm]- I- mc- nX- bpw kl-
Poh- \- h- pw.

22 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

22

Nne¿ Iq´w-tN-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS Xe, Igp- hnS- ß- f- n¬ ASn™- pI- qS- m\- mWv Ipanƒhn-
Øv, DS¬ F∂nh- nS- ß- f- ne- mWv Ft∏mgpw `m-K-°m-cmb kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ C„-s∏-
FÆ-a-b-ap-≈v. AhnsS Ah-sc-°m-Wmw. Sp-∂-Xv.
Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS
km∂n-[y-an-√mØ Hcn©p t]mepw AWp-Po-hn-Isf h√msX `b-t°≠
\ΩpsS tZl-Øn-en-√. \\-hp≈ `mK-ß- Imcy-an-√. \ΩpsS sXmen-bn¬ cmPym-
sfms° hrØn-bm°n Xs∂ kq£n-°- Xn¿Øn-bnse amXncn henb kwL¿j-
Ww. Nne-PmXn Ipan-fp-Iƒ AhnsS Ib- ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. F¥m-bmepw c≠p-t\cw
dn∏- ‰- m\- p≈ km[yX- b- pa- p≠- v. \mkmc- {- ‘- Ipfn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. aq°n-\pƒ`mKw
߃, sNhn, s]m°nƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ sNhn-bp-sSbpw ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw aS-°p-
Ch¿ Hfn®p hkn-°p∂ Imcyhpw {i≤n- Iƒ, CSp°- pI- ƒ F∂nh- nS- ß- f- nepw IqSp-
°p-I. X¬ {i≤ sImSp-°-Ww. tZlw hrØn-
bm-°m≥ ap¥nb tkm∏v thW-sa-s∂m-
Xz°v \nhm-kn-I-fmbn ]Xn-∂mep ∂p-an-√. A[nIw tkm∏v ]X-∏n-®n´pw
hn`mKw ^wK- p-Iƒ AYhm Ipan-fp-I- Imcy-an-s√∂p a\- n-em-bn-t√.
fp-≠v. boÃv, sU¿at‰mss^‰p-Iƒ,
t\m¨ sU¿at- ‰ms- s^‰- pI- ƒ F∂nh- b- m- tkm∏n\pw kvt{]bv°pw ]Ww If-
W-h. sNhn-bn-te-°p≈ Zzmcw, I¨]p- bp-∂-Xn¬ Imcy-an√ F∂p Npcp-°w.
cn-I-߃, Xe-bp-sSbpw sNhn-bp-sSbpw Xz°ns\ Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambn kq£n-°m-
]pd-Ip-h-i-߃, Im¬hn-c-ep-Iƒ F∂n- \m-h-iy-amb t]mj-I-ß-fp≈ `£-W-
amWv Bh-iyw.

R߃ Hcp]- ‰w kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- mW- v. ¬ ]d-™m¬ \n߃ Rßsf £Wn-
shdpw kq£av P- oh- nI- f- √- . \√ H∂m¥- cw ®ph- c- pØ- p∂- p. \n߃°v Rßsf AI-
Akp-J-߃ D≠m-°p∂ kq£va-Po-hn- ‰n-\n¿Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ ipNn-Xzw ]ment®
Iƒ. km[m-c-W-bmbn I≠p-h-cp∂ Pe- aXnb- mI- q. ipNnXzw C√mØ A¥c- o£- -
tZm-jhpw ]\nbpw sXm´v \nß-tf-hcpw Øn¬ R߃ Fen-I-tfbpw sImXp-Ip-
`b-s∏-Sp∂ FbvUvkv, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv I-tfbpw Iq´p-]n-Sn®v \nß-fn¬ {]th-in-
XpS-ßn-b-hbpw R߃ D≠m-°p-∂Xp °pw. aen-\-amb Pew, aÆv XpS-ßn-b-h-
bn¬ \n∂pw R߃ \nß-fn¬ FØp-
Xs∂. F∂m¬ \n- w. Npcp°- n∏- d- ™- m¬ Rßsf t]mep≈
ß-fpsS sIm≈-c- p- hn√≥ IYm]- m{- Xß- ƒ \n߃°c- nI- n¬
Xmbva sIm≠p FØm-Xn-cn-t°-≠Xv \n߃ Hmtcm-cp-
Xs∂-bmWv Ø-cp-tSbpw IS-a-bm-Wv. CsX√mw tI´v
R߃ \n- Rßsf A∏msS shdp-°-
ßf- n¬ tcmK- - t√, Rß-fpsS `qcn-`mKw
Øns‚ hn- Iq´p-Imcpw \n߃°v D]-
ØpI- ƒ hnX- Imcw sNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv.
bv°p-∂-Xv.
Hcp Xc-Øn- kvt\l

2016 23
BKÃv 1
23

A\nX kn sI

s\t∏mf- nb- s- \°- pd- n®v \n߃ bp≤Ø- n¬ ]cmP- b- s- ∏´- p. ]mcok- n¬ Xncn-
s®Ø- pt- ºmƒ tIhew 30,000 ssk\nI- ¿
tI´n-´pt≠m? ]sØm-ºXmw am{X-amWv _m°n-bm-b-Xv. Ah-cn¬
Btcm-Ky-ap-≈-h¿ 1000¬ Xmsg am{Xw!
\q‰m-≠n¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ apgp-h≥
Fß-s\-bmWv s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ tk\
A[n-Imcw Dd-∏n® AXn-i-‡- ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xv? Imc-W-ambn Ncn-{X-Im-c-
∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂Xv djy-bnse
\mb Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn- i‡-amb ssk\yhpw Ahn-SsØ AXn-
i-‡-amb XWp∏pw BWv. F∂m¬
cp∂p s\t∏m-fn-b≥ t_mW- s\t∏m-fn-bs\ tXm¬∏n-®-Xm-sc∂
bmYm¿∞yw ASp-ØnsSbmWv temIw
∏m¿´v. Akm-[y-ambn H∂p-an√ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv. Fß-s\-sbt∂m?

F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ***
enXzm-\nb. bqtdm-∏nse Hcp sIm®p-
At±-l-Øns‚
lIkImn..W.Æ!q£]lXmp´-s≥nvdma.I.m.-f-]! m-W-°l]-‰≠n‰tmpnm®.p-°s..Ø!c...ƒ.
ImgvN-∏m-Sv. 1812¬

s\t∏m-fn-b≥ N{I-

h¿Øn ssk\y-hp-

samØv djy Iog-S-

°m≥ ]pd-s∏-´p.

Bdv e£w ssk\n-

I-cmWv tk\-bn¬

temIsØ Iog-S-°m≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv! ]S-
{ian® s\t∏m-fn-b≥ N{I- tbm´w ]ptcm-K-an-
h¿Ønsb CØn-cn-t∏m∂ °sh Ah¿°n-S-
kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ ]cm-P-b- bn¬ \n∂v Nne
s∏-Sp-Ønb IY tI´n-´p- ssk\n-I¿ tdmU-cn-
In-te°v th®v th®v
t≠m? A[ym-]n-I-bmb \S-∂p. ]ecpw
A\nX- t- ®®n \n߃°mbn Xf¿∂v Ipg™v
B IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-

bmW- nh- ns- S.

hoWv acn-°p-∂p.

ssk\yw FÆ-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬

D≈-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw Bcpw AXv

Ku\n-°msX apt∂m´p IpXn-®p.

]t£, HSph- n¬ s\t∏mf- nb- ≥

24 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

24

cm-Py-am-W-Xv. 2001se Hcp {]`m-Xw. enXzm- CXn\p Imc-W-°m-ct\m? Hcp kq£va-
\nb- b- psS Xeÿ- m\- a- mb hn¬\nb- k- n¬ Po-hn-bpw. kq£va-Po-hn-bm-sW-¶nepw
sSen-t^m¨ tI_n-fn-Sp∂ tPmen-bn- I£n-bpsS t]cp-Xs∂ CØncn ISp-∏-
te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ. amWv tIt´m. dns°-‰-knb s{]mhm-km-
FkvIt- h‰- ¿ D]t- bmK- n®v aÆv tImcns- b- °n (Rickettsia Prowazekii).
Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. CSbv°v aÆn¬ shfpØ
\nd-Øn¬ Ft¥m H∂v. AsXmcp Xe- IÆp-sIm≠p ImWm≥ ]‰mØ Ch-
tbm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Wn XpS¿∂p. H∂v... s\-ßs\ ]´m-f-°msc Xd-]-‰n®p
c≠v... ]ns∂ FÆ-a‰ Aÿn-Iq-S-߃ F∂t√? t]\p-Iƒ hgn-bmWv Cu
FkvI-th-‰¿ ssII-fn¬ Ipcpßn! kq£vaP- ohn ]´mf- °- mc- psS icoc- Ø- n¬
Ibd- n∏- ‰- nb- X- v. s]mXpsh hrØn Ipd™- -
Ncn-{X-Øns‚ sX‰mb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø- h-cm-bn-cp∂p {^©v `S-∑m¿. Ah¿ Ipfn-
ep-Isf Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ff sXfn-hp-I- °p∂- Xv h√t- ∏mgpw. s]mSnbpw hnb¿∏pw
fmWv A∂v FkvIt- h‰- ¿ ssIIƒ aÆn\- ]‰nb bq\nt^mw am‰p-∂Xv A]q¿hw.
Sn-bn¬ \n∂pw hen®p ]pd-Øn-´-Xv. Cu t]msc-¶n¬ th\¬°m-e-hpw. t]\p-Iƒ
kXyw a\ - ne- m°- nb- n´- s- √¶- nepw kw`hw s]cp-Im≥ thsd¥p thWw? IqSmsX
P\{- i≤- b- mI- ¿jn®- p. hn¬\nb- k- n¬ ]cy- Iq´-am-bp≈ Xma-k-hpw. t]≥ ssk\n-
th-£-W-߃ \S-∂p. AhnsS
V BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ {S©p- Nn{XoI- c- Ww:
Iƒ Is≠-Øn. c≠m- kXojv
bnctØmfw ih-i-co-c-
߃ H∂n®v AS°w
sNbvXn-cp∂p Ah-
bn¬. ihico-c-
߃s°m∏w
D≠m-bn-cp∂
hkv{Xmh- i- n„- -
ß-fn¬
\n∂pw Ah¿
s\t∏m-fn-
bs‚ ssk\nI- ¿
Bbn-cp∂p F∂-
Xn\v sXfn-hp-Ifpw
Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Øn.
AtXm-sSm∏w sR´n-
°p∂ Nne kXy-ßfpw
]pd-Øp-h-∂p.

s\t∏m-fn-bs‚
ssk\ysØ ]cm-P-b-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv djy≥
ssk\n-I-c√; djy-
bnse ssiXyh- pa- √.
AXn\p Imc-W-am-
bXv ssS^kv F∂
tcmK-am-bn-cp∂p!!

2016 25
BKÃv 1
25

I¿°n-S-bn¬ s]cp-In, ]c-∂p. sXmen- jn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp aS-°-bm{X!
bntem hkv{Xß- f- ntem hogp∂ Cu sNdp- dn-°-‰-knb s{]mhm-km°n ˛ i‡-
Po-hn-bpsS ImjvT-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp
sNdnb t]md-en-eqsS t]mepw ssS^kv \mb s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ AXn-i-‡-\mb
AWph- n\v icoc- Ø- n\- I- t- Ø°v IS°- m≥ FXn-cm-fn. AtX, Ncn-{XsØ am‰n-a-dn®
{]bm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp kq£va-Pohn!!

ssk\n-I-cn¬ ]e¿°pw AXn-I-Tn-\- ***
amb ]\n _m[n-®p. ico-c-Øn¬ Nph∂ \ΩpsS \m´nepw Hcp ]S-tbm-´sØ
XnW¿∏pI- ƒ {]Xy£- s- ∏´- p. Nne¿ \oen® kq£vaP- oh- nI- ƒ ]cmP- b- s- ∏S- pØ- nb- n´- p-
apJt- ØmsS s]s´∂v acn®- ph- oW- p. tcmKw ≠v tIt´m. ]gb IY-bm-Wv. A°Y
hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ hym]n-®- Npcp-°n-∏-d-bmw...
tXmsS s\t∏m-fn-b\v
ssk\y-hp-ambn aS-tß- sIm®nc- mP- mhpw t]m¿´pK- ok- p-
≠n-h-∂p. tamkvtIm Imcpw NßmØ- Ø- ne- mb- Xv kmaq-
apX¬ ]mcokv hsc "ih- Xncn cmPm-hns\ sNmSn-∏n-®p.
ß-fpsS ]mX' Ah-ti- kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS B{I-a-W-Øn¬
sIm®n-cm-Pm-hn\v Hfn-t®m-tS≠n
h∂p. F∂m¬ Xma-knbmsX
t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ sIm®n-cm-Pm-
hns\ knwlmk- \- Ø- n¬ ho≠pw
Ah-tcm-[n-®p.

Ip]n-X-\mb kmaq-Xncn 1504¬
h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ ]S-\o-°-amWv
sIm®n-bn-te°v \S-Øn-b-Xv. 250 I∏-ep-
Ifpw \mhn-Icpw ]ns∂ 60000 t]c-S-
ßp∂ Imemƒ∏S-bp-sa√mw kmaq-Xn-cn-
bpsS ]£-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
t]m¿´pKokp-Im-cpsS bp≤X{¥-
Øn\p ap∂n¬ ]t£, kmaqX- nc- n°v ]nSn-
®p-\n¬°m≥ Ign-™n-√. A©p-am-
ksØ t]mcm-´-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ kmaq-
Xncn ]n≥hm-ßn. bp≤-Øn¬ kmaq-Xn-cn-
bpsS 19000 `S-∑m¿ acn-®p. Xo¿∂n-√.
as‰mcp 13000 t]¿ A∂v hnjqN- nI (tIm-
f-d)_m[-aqew acn-®-Xm-bmWv Ncn{X
]pkvX-I-ßfn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

26 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

26

2016 Nn{XoI- c- Ww:
BKÃv 1 cmPohv F≥ Sn

27

27

C cmP≥

kq£va-Po-hn- sNdp-\m-c-ß-bpsS apI-fn¬ Xhn-´p-\n-
d-Øn-¬ Hcp AS-bmfw ImWm-dn-t√.
Isf°p-dn®v CXn- CsXmcp tcmK-am-Wv. Hcn\w _mŒo-cn-b-
bm-Wv CXn\v ImcWw. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ
\Iw a\- n-em-°n- No™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv, Ipcp-ap-fIv h≈n
DW-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv, XpSßn H´-\-h[n
bt√m At√. H∂n- kkyt- cmK- ß- ƒ°v ImcWw _mŒoc- nb- ,
^wKkv t]mep≈ kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- mW- v.
t\bpw t\cn´v
kky-ß-fpw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-ambn
ImWm≥ In´n-√. tcmKw A√mØ IuXp-I-I-c-amb Nne
_‘-ß-fp-≠v. ]c-kv]-cm-{in-X-Xz-amWv
F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS AXv. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v hmbn-°q.

{]h¿Ø\w A\m-_o\bpw Atkmfbpw

\ap°v Adn-bm-\m- \ΩpsS s\¬h-b-ep-I-fn¬ [mcm-f-
ambn I≠p-h-cp∂ kky-amWv Atkm-
a\p-jysc am{X-a√ hpw. ]mev ssXcm- f. CXv Hcp ]∂¬ hn`mKw kky-am-Wv.
kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ klm- hp-∂Xv Xs∂ Hcp- ]q°-fn√. Imb-Ifpw C√. Pe-Øn¬
bn-°p-∂Xv; D]-{Z-hn-°p- Zm-l-c-Ww. a\p-jy- s]m¥n-°n-S-°p-∂ kky-amWv. CXns‚
\-S-°-ap≈ P¥p- \of≥ thcp-Iƒ Xmtgm´v Xqßn-°n-S-
∂-Xpw. kky-ßsf °f- pa- mbn kq£va- °pw. Cu thcp-IfmWv Pe-Øn¬
kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Po-hn-Iƒ ]e-X-c- s]m¥n-°n-S-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂Xv.
Fßs\ _m[n-°p∂p Øn¬ _‘s- ∏´- nc- n-
F∂v hy‡-am-°p-I- °p-∂p. P¥p-
bmWv kky-im-kv{X-
hnZ- Kv[\- mb cmP≥ama- ≥.

°ƒ°v hcp∂

]e tcmK-߃°pw kq£va-Po-

hn-I-fmWv Imc-Ww. kky-ß-

fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Cßs\

Xs∂.

28 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

28

sNdn-bXpw ]c-∂-Xp-amWv Ce-Iƒ. ^e- s- a∂v Iq´nt- °mfq. Chc- psS ]ck- v]-
CXns\ "hm´¿ sh¬sh‰v' (water vel- cm{- inX- X- zw Fßs\? "A\m_- o\' (Ana-
vet) F∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Cu Ce-I-fn¬ baena) F∂ kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-b-bmWv
Nne-bn\w kbt\m _mŒo-cn-bIƒ Xma- Atkm-f-s®-Sn-bn¬ I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.
k-am-°pw. Ah ss\{S-Ps\ kzoI-cn®v
Atkmf- bv°v \¬Ipw. ss\{SP- ≥ kky- Cu¥pw
hf- ¿®bv°v Bhi- ya- mb t]mjI- a- mW- v. kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-bbpw
Atkmf kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-bbv°v Xma-
kn-°m≥ ÿew \¬Ip∂Xns‚ {]Xn- Cu¥v F∂v ]d-™m¬ Adn-bmtam?
\ΩpsS \m´n¬ [mcm-f-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂
kkyamWv. Ct∏mƒ hf-sc-°p-dt®
ImWm\- p≈- q. Cu¥ns‚ Imb apf®mWv

]pXp-k-ky-ap-≠m-Ip-
∂Xv. Ip´n kkyw D-
≠m-Ip-tºmƒØs∂
km[m-cW thcp-
Iƒ°v ]pdsa tImd-
t√mbvUv thcp-Iƒ
(coralloid roots) F∂
{]tXy-I-Xcw thcp-
Iƒ IqSn D≠mIp∂- p.
Cu thcp-Iƒ°v ]hn-
g-∏p-‰ns‚ BIr-Xn-
bmWv. aÆns‚ apIf- n-
te-°mWv tImd-
tembvUv thcp-I-fpsS
hf¿®. CXn¬ Nne
kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-b-
Iƒ Xma-kn®v ss\{S-
Ps\ kq£n-°p-∂p.
ss\{S-Ps\ Cu¥n\v
\¬Ipw. Cu¥m-sW-
¶nt- em, Xs‚ {]tXyI
thcp-I-fn¬ NßmXn
Xma-kn-t®ms´ F∂v
IcpXn H∂pw sNøn-√.
t\mtÃm°v (Nostoc)
F∂ kbt- \m_- mŒ- oc- n-
b-bmWv Cu¥v
(cycas) ac-Øns‚
thcn¬
km[m-c-
W-bmbn
ImWp-∂Xv.

2016 29
BKÃv 1
29

sImSp-°p-∂p. Chn-sSbpw
kq£va-Po-hnbpw kkyhpw
XΩne- p≈ ]ck- v]c- m{- inX- Xzw

ImWmw. ssdtkm-_nbw
hn`m-K-Øn-ep≈ _mŒo-cn-
bß-fmWv sXm´m¬hm-Sn-

bnse At¥-hm-kn-Iƒ.
CXp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bp≈

kl-Po-h-\-amWv ss]≥a-c-

Øns‚ thcn¬ ImWp∂
Nne-bn-\w ^w-K-kp-Iƒ.
"ssat°m-ssdk' F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp∂ Cu _‘w as‰mcp
]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Øn\v DZm-l-c-
Wam-Wv. Hcm-fn-√msX as‰-

]bdpw bmƒ°v Pohn-°m≥ hø
_mŒo-cn-bbpw F∂ Ah-ÿ.

]b-dp-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ \nc-h[n ImGbs]-IXm]fßmnq√W°,n°- I-fo pn]nf√S- °-,-Ø∂pnw¬¬. ?
kkyß- sf \ap°- d- nb- mw. ]b¿, a[p-
c-∏-b¿, _o≥kv, ]´m-Wn XpSßn
sXm´m¬hmSn hsc \mw I≠n-´p-≠v.
Hcp sXm´m¬hmSn ]dn®v
t\m°mtam? AXns‚ thcp-I-fn¬

sIm®p sIm®p apg-Iƒ t]mse

ImWmw. Cu apg-Isf aqem¿_p-Z-

߃ (Root nodules) F∂p ]db- pw. Hcn\w

_mŒoc- nb- ß- f- mWv CXn¬ Xmak- w. Ch¿

ss\{S-Ps\ kzoI-cn®v sNSn°v \¬Ipw.

]I-c-ambn sXm´m¬hmSn Xs‚ thcp-I-
fn¬ Xma-kn-°m≥ kuIcyw sNbvXp

Adn-bn∏v

Cu e°w kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {]tXyI ]Xn-∏m-b-Xn-\m¬ "tUmŒ¿
Upen-‰nepw Nßm-Xn-amcpw' t\mhepw "Hcp an≠m-{]m-Wn-bpsS \o≠-bm{X' Nn{X-
I-Ybpw Nne ]w‡n-Ifpw tN¿°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. Ah ASpØ e°-Øn¬
XpS-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-°n-´nb F√m cN-\-Ifpw Cu
e°-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. Ahbpw XpS¿e-°-ß-fn¬ {]Xo-£n-
°mw.

FUn-‰¿

30 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

30

kq£vaP- oh- nI- s- f°- pd- n®v Ipd®v Imcy- C\n \ap°v th≠Xv \√ Hcp se≥km-
߃ hmbn-®-dn-™-t√m. C\n \ap°v Wv. BZy Znhkw Xs∂ se≥kp-sIm≠v
sNdnb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-am-bm-tem? sdm´nsb hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t®m-fq.
c≠mw Znhkhpw aq∂mw Znh-khpw \nco-
Hcp IjWw {_Uv FSp-°p-I. AXv £Ww XpS¿t∂m-fq. Ggp-Zn-hkw hsc.
ho´n-\-IØv kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb Hcn-SØv {_Õn¬ Hmtcm Znh-khpw Fs¥-¶nepw
hbv°W- w. Ddpº- v, ]m‰, XpSß- nb- h- b- psS XcØ- ne- p≈ am‰ß- ƒ ImWp∂- ps- ≠¶- n¬
D]-{Z-h-sam∂pw D≠m-ImØ hn[w Hcp AXv Hcp t\m´p-_p-°n¬ FgpXn hbv°-
]m{Xw sIm≠v AS®v sh°-Ww. {_Uv Ww. Iymad kqw sNbvXv t^mt´m FSp-
I≠m¬ DS≥ AI-Øm-°p∂ sImXn-b- °p-I-bp-am-hmw. \nß-fpsS \nco-£-W-
∑mtcm sImXn-®n-amtcm ho´n¬ Bsc-¶n- ߃ Hcp dnt∏m¿´m°n FgpXn Xømd- m°n
ep-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSv \ΩpsS s{]mP- bpdo-°bv°v Ab-t®m-fq.
Œn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bm\pw aSn-°-≠.

]{X-ap≠m-°q...

Hcp ¢mkv apdn.

Xnßn-\n-d™v

Ccn-°p-I-bmWv

Ip´nI- ƒ. amb- nc- n°- nt√.
a\pj- y°- p´- nI- - ]{X-Øn\v Hcp t]cn-Sm≥ ad-°-t√.

f√; kq£va-Po-hn- A[nIw hen-∏-sam∂pw th≠. Hcp F 4
°p-´n-Iƒ. Ah¿ t]∏d- ns‚ c≠v ]pdw am{Xw.
]Tn-°p∂ ¢m m-
WX- v. F¥m, Aßs\ k¶¬∏n®- pI- qt- S? \n߃ Xøm-dm-°nb
Cu ¢m n¬ \S-°p∂ kw`-h-߃ ]{Xw BKÃv 30\v apºmbn
Fs¥√- ma- mb- nc- n°- pw? Ah Dƒs∏S- pØn bpdo-°bv°v Ab-®p-X-cq.
Hcp ¢mkv ]{Xw Xøm-dm-°n-bmtem? ck- anI® ]{X-Øn\v kΩm-\w.

2016 31
BKÃv 1
31

hn N{μ-_m_p

\ap°-dn-bmØ ]e shRÆß-bc]{_ppƒmN-aepUn≠-®kn¬pn-d-≠lm-°-°\mmn-b∂n-°p-t-∂n°-°v ps-X-∂mspn.-∂-\.X-X. pcnp-s\-≠pawpwmv.s°
{]h¿Øn-I-fpsS ]n∂nepw

kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ D≠v.
GsX-√m-am-WXv ? CXn-s\-
°p-dn®v \nß-tfmSv ]d-bp-
∂Xv BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn¬

{]h¿Øn-°p∂
N{μ-_m_p ama-\m-Wv.

CÕReßnam-shXfnvmt]-s∂p°fmn-∏-bXnm-°nWt∂p-∂v m.X.. v

hbdp \ndsb
X´n-bn-´p-≠-t√m.
Cu Ign-®-sXms° Zln-∏n-°p-∂Xv
Rßfpw IqSn-bm-sW∂v
h√ Hm¿abp-apt≠m?

Nn{Xo-I-cWw:
cmPohv F≥ Sn

32 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

32

Rßf- n√- mb- nc- ps- ∂¶- n¬ sh≈-sam-gn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv
Cu `qan-sbm-´msI ]d-b-s´. sh≈hpw hf-hp-sams°

Ft∂ Hcp Nh-dp-Iq\ sNSn-Iƒ°v hen-s®-Sp-°m≥
BIp-am-bn-cp-s∂t∂m? ]mI-Øn-em-°p-∂Xv
C\n s]mØnt°m aq°v! Rßf- mW- v.

amen-\y-߃ s]cp-Ip-tºmƒ
Rß-fn¬ Nne-cpsS FÆhpw

s]cpIpw. AXmWv
]e tcmK-߃°pw Imc-Ww.
AXv s]cp-ImsX t\m°-t≠...

Atøm...
ico-c-Øn¬ apdnhv
]‰msX t\m°-t≠.
apdnhv I≠m¬ AhnsS
Ib-dn-°qSn ]gp∏v
hcp-Øm≥ R߃
{ian-s®∂v hcpw.

ameclnn-\-®mymØb-߬v _nƒ\Acvtm]Chb≥mØ-bmN-KRn¬-I-cymß-Ø-hk\mƒn-Xvn∂¬π°-Imv -aBk‚v pI-≠wv!hkgn-im-b-v°yp- w- .
nØ

°

2016 33
BKÃv 1
33

34 \hmkv hS°- ß- c kq£A°- vaXP- pNnd-i-oh-nn®-eb- nI-pi≈n∏- X-s- mnf°-kyß- v{pXƒ∂- . NqtSmsS
k
"ssI'Imcyw sh≈w Xnf-bv°m≥ th≠ 100
Un{Kn NqSn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂
Hcm-fpsS ssIsh-≈- Xm]-\n-e-bn¬ t]mepw Nne
bn¬ am{Xw D≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Pohn-°p∂p.
kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS
FÆw Abm-fpsS ico- CXv ]e¿°pw
c-Ønse BsI tImi- Adn-bn√
ß-fpsS 500 Cc´n hsc
BWv.

ISp-hsb ]nSn® InSph

a\p-jy≥ AS-°-ap≈ Pohn-
h¿KØ- n\v A]I- Sw hcpØ- m≥
Ign-hp≈ kq£vam-Wp-hmb
_mŒo-cn-bbv°v A]-ISw hcp-
Øm≥ as‰mcp kq£vam-Wp-
hmb sshd-kn\v km[n-°pw.

]mh-Øn\v CXp-hsc Is≠-Øn-b-Xn¬ A©v iX-
thsd hgn-bn√ am\- Ø- n¬ Xmsg kq£vaP- oh- nI- tf A]-
IS- Imc- nI- f- mb- n´- p≈- q. _m°nb- p≈- X- n¬
Nne-sX√mw D]-Im-cn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-h-
sb√mw \ncp-]-{Z-h-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Wv.

henb kq£vamW- ph- mb sshdk- n\v Pohn-
Imcyw °m\pw s]cpI- nb- p≠- mI- m\pw Poh-
\p≈ a‰p tImi-߃ \n¿_-‘-
am-Wv. AXv _mŒo-cn-b, a‰p Poh-
tIm-i-߃, kky-tIm-i-߃
F∂n-h-bn-se√mw km[y-am-Wv.

35CØ-hW Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bn¬ `qan-bn¬ a\p-jycpw a‰p P¥p-
kq£va-Po-hn-tem-IsØ Pm-e-ßfpw izkn-°p∂
Nne hnti-j-ß-fm-Wv. HmIvkn-Ps‚ ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[n- XqWnepw
tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em- Ihpw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv IS- Xpcpº- nepw
im-e-bn¬ kq£vaPo-hn-I- enepw Ic-bn-ep-ap≈ kq£va-
sf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n- Poh- nI- f- mW- v. hsc
cn-°p∂ \hmkv ama≥
Fgp-Xn-bXv {i≤n-°q... Aºtºm! Bg-°-S-ense Db¿∂ NqSnepw
kΩ-Xn-°Ww! a¿Z-Ønepw A·n-]¿h-X-Øns‚
]pI-bnepw Xm]-Ønepw
\nß-fpsS tXm´-Ønse Hcp hmbpthm shfn-®tam C√mØ
kv]q¨ aÆn¬ Bscms° ]cnX- ÿ- nX- nb- nepw F√mw kq£av -
hkn-°p∂p F∂mWv Po-hn-I-fpsS km∂n-[y-ap-≠v.
\n߃ hnNmc- n°- p∂- Xv? 100
tImSn _mŒoc- nb- , Hcp e£-
Øn-e-[nIw ^wK-kv, 25000
FÆw B¬K h¿K-
߃!

P\p

slent- °m_- mŒ- ¿ ss]t- emd- n Øn¬...
F∂m¬ Hcp kXyw ]d-b-s´...
˛ AXm-sWs‚ t]cv. kuI-cy-
Rms\mcp tcmKmWp-hm-Wv... t]Sn-t®m.
Øn\v Npcp-°-t∏cp hnfn-t®mfq: t]Sn am‰m≥ Ipd®p Ncn{X IYbmhmw.
Ncn{Xw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw {]tNm-Z-\-hp-
F®v. ss]tem-dn. amW- v.

s\Sp-s\-Sp-¶≥ t]cv Xs∂. CXm Hcp Ip´n. C°m-esØ Ip´n-b-
√. 1937¬ P\n® Ip´nb- mW- .v t]cv tdm_n≥
]t£, Rms\mcp kq£va-Po-hn. hmd≥. Bkvt{Xe- nb- nse AsUs- eb- vUn-
emWv Cu Ip´n. \nß-sf-t∏m-se-X-s∂.
kq£va-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS am{Xw \∂mbn hmbn-°pw. IY-I-fm-Wn-„w.
kml-kn-I-I-Y-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ ]d-bm-\p-an-
ImWm-hp∂ _mŒo- √. Imc-Ww, tdm_n≥ Hcp sIm®p kml-
kn-I-\m-Wv. ssk°n-fn¬ AsU-se-
cn-b. bvUns‚ kao] Ip∂p-ºp-d-ß-fn¬
H‰bv°v Np‰n-°-d-ßm≥ henb C„w.
_mŒo-cnb C\- {]IrX- nZ- ri- yß- ƒ I≠v aXna- d- ∂- nc- n°- pw.
Ipd®p apXn¿∂-t∏mƒ A—≥ Ah-
߃ Hcp-]m-Sp-≠v. s\mcp Iymad hmßn-s°m-Sp-Øp.
t^mt´m-{Km-^n, {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-t^m-t´m-
AXn-semcp C\w {Km^n tdm_ns‚ hnt\m-Z-am-bXv Aß-

am{X-amWv F®v.-ss]- s\-bm-Wv.
tdm_n≥ anSp-°≥
temdn ˛ Cu "Rm≥'.
hnZym¿∞n Bbn-cp-∂p.
\nß-fn-t∏mƒ imkv{Xhpw imkv{X
]pkvX-Ißfpw Ah\v
imkv{X-Øn-\p-th≠n kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS \√ C„a- mb- nc- p∂- p. sa{Sn-
kzbw ka¿∏n® tdm_n≥ temI-Øm-W-t√m. °pt- ej- \v ]Tn°- pt- ºmƒ
Iq´-Øn¬ Ft∂w IW°- mb- nc- p∂p Ahs‚
hmd≥. ]co-£W ^e- Iq´n-t°m-fq. Iq´-W- {]nb-s∏´ hnj-bw. IqsS
߃ Dd-∏n-°m≥ th≠n sa∂- n√- . Rm≥ IqsS-
bp-≠v. a\p-jy-i-co-c-
kzbw Kn\n∏- ∂- nb- mb
_mcn am¿j¬. c≠v
imkv{X-⁄-cpsS Bth-i-
I-c-amb IY-bn-Xm..
\nß-fpsS P\p-am-a≥

]d-bp-∂p.

3636 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Du¿P-X-{¥hpw ck-X-{¥hpw kmln-Xy- Nne amXr-I-Iƒ FSp-Øp≈ ]T-\w.
hp-sams° ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ _m[n® tcmKn-I-fpsS
tIkp-I-fmWv At±lw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv.
kvIqƒ ImesØ Hcp ckw F¥mWv s]]v‰n°v Aƒk¿ F∂-dn-
tIƒ°tWm? AhnsS ]T\w {_n´ojv bmtam?
^pSvt_mƒ eoKv t]mse a’-cm-[n-jvTn-
X-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mep Xe-Øn-emWv Ip´n- a\pj- ys‚ Bami- b `nØ- nI- f- n¬ Xpf-
Iƒ. G‰hpw apI-fn¬ anSp-°-∑m¿... hoWv {hW-am-Ip∂ tcmK-am-W-Xv.
G‰hpw Xmsg ]d-bm-\p-t≠m. am¿°p IpSense Bkn-Up-I-fmWv Ign-°p∂
Ipd-™-h¿. hm¿jnI ]co£ Ign- `£Ww Zln-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.
™m¬, G‰hpw Xmsg-bp-f-f-h-cpsS ]®°- d- nbpw ao\pw Cd®- nb- ps- ams° Zln-
ÿm\w sXm´p XmgsØ ¢m n-em-Wv. ∏n-°p∂ Bkn-Un\v IpS-en-s\bpw Zln-
Hcn°- ¬ tdm_n\pw s]´p. tdm_n≥ \ncm- ∏n-®p-IqsS? Zln-∏n-°mw. Aßs\ kw`-
i\- mb- n√- . an\s- °´p ]Tn®- p. G‰hpw apI- hn°- mX- nc- n°- m≥ IpS¬`nØ- nb- n¬ hgph- -
fn-se-Øn. Ahn-sS-bßv Dd-®p. Ip´n-I-fm- gp-∏p≈ Hcp Bh-c-W-ap-≠v. Cu hgp-h-gp-
bm¬ Aßs\ thWw, At√? sa{Sn- ∏p≈ Bhc- Ww t\¿Øpt- ]mb- mepw IpS-
°p-te-j≥ ImesØ Hcp Zpc¥w IqSn ense Bkn-Uns‚ Afhp Iq´n-bmepw
]db- m\- p≠v. tdm_n\v A]k- vamcw _m[n- BknUv IpS¬`n-Ønsb Zln-∏n-°pw.
®p. _‘p-°ƒ ]d-™p. C\n-b-hs\ AhnsS Xpf-hogpw. {hW-am-hpw. tNmc
kvIqfn¬ hnS-cp-Xv. hgn-bn-se-ßm≥ In\nbpw. CXmWv s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿.
t_m[-a‰p hoWmtem? ]t£, tdm_n≥
]T\w XpS¿∂p. tdm_ns‚ AΩ Fß-s\-bmWv s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿
tdm_ns\ Ah-\n-„-ap-≈-sXms° D≠m-hp-∂Xv?
sNøm≥ A\ph- Z- n®- p. aea- pI- f- nt- e°- p≈
ssk°nƒbm-{X-sbm∂pw apS-°n-bn-√. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn
t]Sn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬°qSn Ah¿ sshZy-imkv{Xw AXn-
tdm_n-t\mSv H∂pw ]d-™n-√. aIs‚ s\mcp DØcw ]d-bp-∂p-
kzmX{¥yw, hy‡n-Xz-hn-Imkw F∂nh ≠v; ]ncn-ap-dp-°w. hnhn[
hep-Xm-sW∂v B AΩ-bv°-dn-bm-am-bn-
cp-∂p.

CXp-hsc Ip´n tdm_n-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-
cp∂- p \Ωƒ. Ct∏mƒ tdm_n≥ hf¿∂p.
Imew 1949. \Ωf- nt- ∏mƒ bqWnt- hg- vkn‰n
Hm^v shtè Bkvt{X-enbbnse
tdmb¬ s]¿Øv tlmkv]n-‰-en-em-Wv.
AhnsS ]mtØm-fPn hn`m-K-Øn¬... B
C-cn°p-∂-XmWv ]mtØm-fPn hn`mKw
s{]m^-k¿. tUmŒ¿ tdm_n≥ hmd≥.
\ΩpsS sIm®p tdm_n≥ Xs∂.

1979 Pq¨ 11. tUm.-tdm-_ns‚ 42˛mw
P∑Z- n\- w.

Ign™ HºXp h¿j-ß-fmbn
tdm_n≥ DZ-c-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS _tbm]vkn
tIkp-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂p. DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v

2016 3377
BKÃv 1

Imc-W-ß-fm¬ a\p-jy≥ ∏m-bn s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ tcmKn-I-fpsS
A\p-`-hn-°p∂ am\-kn-I- _tbm-]vkn-tbm-sSm∏w Hcp _mŒo-cnb
amb hnj-a-߃ D≠m- D≠v. ]t£, sshZyi- mk- v{Xt- emIw AXv
°p∂ kΩ¿Zw. akm-e- AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. hb-dn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂v ]pd-
Ifpw Fcnhpw a‰pw A[n- Øp-h-cp∂ _tbm]vkn amXr-I-Iƒ arX-
I-ap≈ `£Ww [mcmfw Ign-°p-∂Xpw am-bn-cn-°pw. AXn¬ _mŒo-cn-b-bpsS
Aƒk-dn\v Imc-W-am-Wv. ]ncn-ap-dp°w km∂n[yw ÿm]n-°pI {ia-I-c-am-bn-cp-
Ipdb- v°m\- p≈ acp∂v \¬Ie- mWv NnIn- ∂p.
’. F∂m¬, Cu P∑Z- n\- Ø- n¬ tdm_n≥
Hcp ImgvN-I-≠p. Hcp s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ tdm_n-s\m∏w \n∂Xv `mcy hn\n-
tcmKnb- n¬ \ns∂S- pØ _tbm]- vknb- psS s{^Uv am{Xw. Ah¿ tUmŒ-dm-W-t√m.
aosX Hcp Xcw _mŒo-cnb hf-cp∂p! Hcp am{X-a-√, ho´n-en-cp-∂mWv tdm_ns‚ ]co-
]ncnb≥ _mŒo-cn-b. A∂p-hsc sshZy- £-W-߃. AXn\v hn\n-bpsS klm-b-
imkv{Xw H∂S- ¶w hnizk- n®- nc- p∂- Xv IpS- hp-ap-≠v.
en¬ \ndsb Bkn-Up-I-fm-bXn-\m¬
AhnsS kq£va-Po-hn-I-sfm∂pw \ne- 1981¬ as‰mcp Kth-j-I≥ tdm_ns\
\n¬°n√ F∂m-Wv. tdm_ns‚ ]n∂o- tXSnh- ∂- p. tUm._- mc- na- m¿j¬. tdm_n≥
Sp≈ Zn\-߃ Cu _mŒo-cn-b-sb-°p-dn- hmds‚ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ Is≠-Ø-ep-
®p≈ ]T-\-Øn-em-bn. c≠v h¿j-°mew Iƒ tUm.-_m-cn-bn¬ IuXp-Ihpw Bth-
\nc-¥c ]co-£-W-߃. At±-l-Øn-\p-d- i-hp-ap-W¿Øn. tdm_ns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-
Iƒ AwKo-I-cn®v tUm.-_mcn B ]co-£-
W-߃°v H∏w IqSn...

a\p-jys‚ IpS-en¬ _mŒo-cn-bbv°v
hf-cm-\mhpw F∂p-d-∏p≈ as‰mcp Pohn
Rm\m-bn-cp-∂p˛ slen-t°m-_m-Œ¿
ss]tem-dn... Rm\m-bn-cp∂p B hn√≥...
tUm.-tdm-_n≥ Is≠-Ønb _mŒo-cnb

X√m≥ hc-s´...
_mcn am¿j-ens\ Ipdn-®p-IqSn Adn-
bt≠? tdm_n\pw _mcnbpw XpS¿∂

Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ^ew F¥m-bn-
cp∂p F∂-dn-bt≠?

_mcn am¿j¬. sshZy-im-kv{X-
K-th-jW cwKsØ A¤p-X-a-\p-
jy≥. 1951¬ ]›na Bkvt{X-en-b-
bnse I¬iq¿enb- n¬ P\n®- p. AΩ
\gvkm-bn-cp-∂p. A—-s\mcp ^n‰-dpw.
AXymh- iyw Pohn°- m≥ hIb- p≈ IpSpw-
_w. 1958¬ B IpSpw_w s]¿Øn¬
FØn. Ip´n-Iƒ°v anI® hnZym-`ymkw
\¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p B ]dn-®p-\-S¬.
hmbn-®p-h-f-cm-\p≈ Pn⁄m-k-bp-
ambn P\n® Ip´n-bm-bn-cp∂p _mcn.
F¥pw hmbn-°pw. A—s‚ tamt´m¿
sa°m\- nIv kt¶Xw hnhc- n°- p∂ ]pkvX-
I-ßfpw AΩ-bpsS \gvknßv sshZy-

3838 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

lpw!! t∏mƒ Ah\v asÆ-Æ-bpsS aWw In´n.
akm¿v{Xj-جn¬ss_hZncy-ipZmw- Ah-fpsS AIØp sN∂Xv asÆ-Æ-bm-
t\XSInb- nSt- Xw amdsnS™Hs°p. Wv. Hcp ]m¬°p-∏n-bn¬ ]mXn \nd-®p-
h-®n-cp∂ asÆ-Æ-bmWv B H∂c hb-
imkv{X {KŸ-ß-fpw. Xo¿∂n√ Ip´n-I-  p-Imcn IpSn-®p-t]m-bXv!
fpsS "F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b-bnse
B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p sNøm-hp∂ Imcy- A\n-bØn c£-s∏-´p. Ipd®p Znh-
߃' hfsc C„-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. _mcnbpw k-߃ Ign-™-t∏mƒ Hcp ]{Xw Cu
ktlm-Z-c-ßfpw tN¿∂v AXn¬ ]d- kw`hw hm¿Øm-te-J-\-am-°n. AXym-
bp∂ \nc-h[n hkvXp-°ƒ D≠m-°p- lnX tkh\ hn`mK- Ø- nt- e°v Fßs\
Ibpw sNbvXp. hnfn-°-Ww, ]m¬°p-∏n-bn¬ hnjw
\nd®p Ip´n-Iƒ FØp-∂n-SØv hbv°-
A—\pw AΩbpw tPmen-°p-t]m-hp- cp-Xv XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ AXn-ep-≠m-
tºmƒ sIm®p-_mcn c≠v A\n-b-∑m-cp- bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, AXn¬ H∂p-≠m-bn-cp-
sSbpw A\n-b-Øn-am-cp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e- ∂n-√, _mcn Xs∂-bmWv A{i-≤-ambn
I-\m-Ipw. Ahsc hc® hc-bn¬ B ]m¬°p∏n AhnsS C´Xv F∂v.
\n¿Øpw. F∂n´pw Hcn°- ¬ Cfb A\n- Ahs‚ AΩ ]{X-°m-cn¬ \n∂v
b≥ acØ- n¬ Ibdn Xmsg hoWv Isøm- A°mcyw ad®- ph- ®- p. sIm®p_mcn {]i-
Sn™p. henb hnj-a-ambn _mcn-°v. kvX-\m-bn.

_mcn°v 12 hb- m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp h¿j-߃°p-ti-jw, 1984¬ Ata-cn-
Znhkw _mcns- °m∏w a°sf hn´v AΩ °-bnse Hcp Smtªm-bnUv ]{X-amb
IS-bn¬ t]mbn. Ipd®p Ign-™-t∏mƒ Ãmdn¬ Hcp IY h∂p. Xe-s°´v
18 amkw {]mb-ap≈ A\n-b-Øn-bp-≠v, Cßs\: ""Kn\n∏∂n tUmŒ¿ Aƒk-dn-
izmkw ap´n Npa-bv°p-∂p. F¥p-]‰n? \p≈ NnIn’ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p... AXns‚
_mcn°pw ktlm-Z-c-߃°pw a\- n-
em-bn-√. F¶nepw _mcn AXymlnX Nn{XoI- c- Ww: kXojv
tkh\ hn`m-K-Øn-te°v s]s´∂v
t^m¨ sNbvXp.

15 an\n-‰n-\Iw Bw_p-e≥kv FØn.
ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ 15 an\n-‰n¬ _mcn
Ip™-\n-b-Øn-bpsS hmbn¬
kz¥w hmb tN¿Øv Ahƒ°v
Ir{Xna- i- zmkw \¬Ins- °m≠- nc- p-
∂p. \o¥¬ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p
t]mbt- ∏mƒ ]Tn®- X- mW- ,v izmkw
\ne-®-h¿°v Ir{Xn-a-izm-tkm-
—zmkw \¬Ip∂ hn[w. ChnsS
A\n-bØn izkn-°p-∂p-≠v,
AXm-h-iy-an√ F∂v _mcn
Hm¿Øn-√. ]t£, A\n-b-Øn-
bpsS hmb-tbmSv hmb tN¿Ø-

2016 3399
BKÃv 1

Imc-W-hpw...'' B I-fp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw tdm_ns‚
Kn\n∏∂n tUmŒ¿ Bcm- Is≠-Ø-ens\ hniz-kn-®p. Hcp Kth-
sWt∂m? 12˛mw hb - n¬ jW Iq´m-bva-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp∂p
A\n-b-Ønsb ac-W- AXv. \nc-h[n tcmKn-I-fn¬ \ns∂-SpØ
Øn¬ \n∂v c£n®v hm¿Ø-bmbn _tbm]vkn amXr-I-Iƒ h®v, Aƒk¿
amdnb sIm®p-_m-cn. _mcn am¿j¬. tcmKnI- f- n¬ F®v. ss]temdn F∂ Fs‚
\ap°v tUm.-_mcn am¿j-en-s\m∏w km∂n[yw Cu tUmŒ¿am¿ Dd-∏n-®p.
t]mImw.
1975emWv _mcn am¿j¬ sshZy-im- ]t£, Ah-cpsS \nK-a-\-߃ Bcpw
kv{X-Øn¬ _ncpZw t\Sn-b-Xv. 1979¬ AwKoI- c- n°- p∂- n√- . BknU- n¬ _mŒoc- n-
At±lw tdmb¬ s]¿Øv tlmkv]n-‰- bb°v v Pohn°- m\- mh- n√ F∂X- n¬ sshZy-
en¬ hnhn[ sshZy-im-kv{X-im-J-bn- imk- v{Xc- wKw Dd®- p\- n∂- p. Nne Iq´c- nt- √,
ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn´v ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ D≠m-bmepw ]gb-
FØn. 1981 ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS At±lw DZ- Xn¬ apdpsI ]nSn°- p∂- h- ¿. AXpt- ]mse.
c-tcmK kw_-‘-amb NnIn-’m-hn-`m-K- F∂m¬ imkv{X-Øn\v \nK-a\w am{Xw
Øn-em-bn. AhnsS sh®mWv At±lw t]mc; sXfnh- pI- ƒ thWw. _mcna- m¿j¬
tUm.-tdm-_n≥ hmds\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂- sXfn-hp- \¬I-Ww. ]co-£-W-Øn-eqsS
Xv. BZy IqSn-°m-gvN-bn¬ Xs∂ a‰p-≈-h¿ AXv icn-h-bv°-Ww.
tdm_n≥ At±lw Is≠Ø- nb ]ncnb- ≥
_mŒo-cn-b-bpsS ss…Up-Iƒ _mcnsb F¥m sXfnbnbv°m-\m-hm-ØXv?
ImWn-®p. BknUp \nd™ hb-dn¬ tcmKn-I-fpsS _tbm-]vkn-bn¬ F®v.-
Pohn-°p∂ _mŒo-cnb ck-I-c-amb ss]-temdn F∂ Rm\p-≠v. ]t£, Hcp
hnjbw Xs∂. tUm. _mcn°v DZc- t- cmK em_nepw Fs∂ hf¿Øm-\m-hp-∂n-√.
imkv{X-Øn¬ henb ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø- tcmKn-I-fn¬ \ns∂-SpØ amXr-I-Iƒ
Xp-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-sc-t]mse ap≥hn-[n- hf¿Øm≥ h®v ]nt‰∂v t\m°n-bm¬
ss]temdn Fßp-an-√... Cu ka-bØv
tUm._- mcn B‚n_- t- bm´- n°- pI- ƒ \¬In
tcmKn-I-fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v Fs∂
XpcØn tcmKw t`Z-am-°n-Øp-S-ßn. F®.-
ss]-tem-dn-bmWv Aƒk-dn\v Imc-W-
sa∂pw Npcp-ßnb sNe-hn¬ B‚n-_-
tbm-´n°v \¬In kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-∂pw
D≈ \nK-a-\-amWv _mcn apt∂m´p h®-
Xv. AXv sXfnb- n°- m≥ NnIn’- n®v tcmKw
amdn-b-h-cpsS A\p-`-h-km£yw t]mc.
AXv \ΩpsS \m´nse {]IrXn NnIn-’-
I¿°pw H‰-aq-en-°m¿°pw aXn-bm-hpw.
hnh-c-an-√mØ ]mhw a\p-jysc ]‰nbv-
°m≥ AXp-a-Xn.
\neh- n¬ tcmKa- n√- mØ Hcp P¥ph- n¬
]co-£n-®mse \nK-a\w icn F∂p sXfn-
bn-°m-\m-hq. Kn\n-∏-∂n-Ifpw Fen-Ifpw
t]mc. Hcp a\pj- y≥ Xs∂ thWw. _mcn-
am¿j¬ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXv a‰m-cp-a-√,
At±lw Xs∂. Hcp tcmKn-bn¬ \ns∂-
SpØv _o°-dn¬ kq£n® F®v.-ss]-

4040 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

temdn _mŒo-cnb \nd™ embn\n

At±lw H‰h- e- n°v IpSn®- p. hnhcw kz¥w

`mcy-tbm-Sp-t]mepw ]d-™n-√. 1981emWv

kw`-hw. Ipd®p Znhkw Ign-bp-tºm-

tg°pw At±lw tcmK_- m[- nX- \- mb- n. a\w-

]n-c-´¬, O¿±n... hb-sd-cn-®n¬, thZ-\...

F≥tUm-kvtIm-∏n-bn¬ At±lw

Aƒk¿ _m[n-X-s\∂v sXfn-™p. am{X-

a√, At±-l-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ Rm\p-≠v,

F®v. ss]tem-dn. DZ-c-Øn¬ Ccp∂v _mcn am¿j¬

Aƒk-dp-h-cp-∂Xv I≠v \n¬°p∂ Hcp am-Ip-sa∂pw kzbw ]co-£n® tcmKw

Iq´nc- n∏- pI- mc- \- √, AXns‚ ImcWw Xs∂- _mcn kzbw NnIn-’n®p am‰p-Ibpw

bmWv Rms\∂v AtXmsS sXfn-™p. sNbvXp.

B‚n-_-tbm-´n°v Ign-®m¬ tcmKw t`Z- hmkvX-h-Øn¬, ]ncn-ap-dp-°hpw am\-

knI kΩ¿±-hp-a-√, F®v. ss]temdn

F∂ _mŒoc- nbbmb Rm≥ IpS¬`nØ- n-

bnse hgp-h-gp-∏p≈ Bh-cWw Xn∂p

\in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Aƒk-dn\p Imc-

Ww. Bh-cWw \„-s∏´ `mKØv

BknUv IS∂v {hW-am-hp-∂p.

em_nse _tbm]vkn sSÃn¬ F®v.

ss]tem-dnsb 1982¬ am¿jepw

tdm_n\pw Is≠-Øn. B h¿jw,

Cuÿ Ah-[n°v ]q´nb em_v A©v

Znhkw Ign™- mWv Xpd∂- X- v. At∏mƒ

hf-cm≥ h® amXr-I-I-fn¬ F®v.-ss]-

temd- nb- psS tImf\- nI- ƒ D≠mb- nc- n°- p-

∂p. AtX-bv, F\n°v 24 aWn-°q¿

t]mc, Ipd-®-[nIw Znh-k-߃ thWw

hf-cm≥!

CsX√mw Ign-™v 1984emWv "Ãm¿'

]{Xw hm¿Ø ]pdØ- ph- n´- X- v. AtXmsS

temIw am¿j-en-t\bpw hmd-t\bpw

AwKoI- c- n®- p. _mcn am¿j¬ Kn\n∏- ∂n

tUmŒ¿ Bb IY tI´nt√? AXmWv

imkv{X-Im-c-s‚, tUmIvSdpsS,

A¿∏Ww F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. shdp-sX-

b-√, 2005¬ tUm.-tdm-_n≥ hmd-t\bpw

_mcn-am¿j-en-t\bpw s\mt_¬ ]pc-

kvImcw tXSnh∂Xv!

At∏m-tgbv°pw Ah-

cpsS I≠p-]n-SpØw

Aƒk¿ NnIn-’sb

am‰na- d- n®- nc- p∂- p.

2016 4411
BKÃv 1

tcmKw tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[w

42 sI ]n F acn-®n-cp-∂p. Ign™
\qdp h¿j-Øn¬,
42 Cu temIØv C{Xb[nIw a\p-jy¿ {]tXy-In®pw 50
F√m°meØpw D≠m-bn-cpt∂m? Cs√- h¿j-Øn¬ temI
∂mWv DØ-cw. C°gn™ Bbncw h¿j- P\-kwJy IpXn-®p-
Øn¬ 900 h¿j-tØmfw P\-kwJy henb b¿∂p. CXns‚
am‰-sam-∂p-an-√msXbmWv XpS¿∂Xv. A∂pw {][m\ ImcWw
]I¿®-hym-[n-Ifpw
Hcp-]mSp Ip´n-Iƒ P\n-®n-cp-∂p. ]t£, AXp-sIm-≠p≈ ac-
A{X Xs∂ Bfp-Iƒ Hmtcm h¿jhpw Wßfpw hf-sc-b-
[nIw Ipd™p
F∂XmWv.

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI a\p-jy¿ ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ ]nSn-s]´v Iq´-tØmsS NsØm-
Sp-ßnb Hcp Ime-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 14˛mw \q‰m-≠nse (650
h¿jw ap≥]v) tπKv alma- mc- nb- n¬ bqtdm∏- nse ]IpX- nt- bmfw
t]¿ acn®- pt- ]mb- n. a\pj- y¿°v tcmKsØ t\cnS- m\- p≈ am¿Kw
H∂p-In¬ HmSn-t∏m-hpI, As√-¶n¬ tcmKn-Isf am‰n-∏m¿∏n-
°pI, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ ho´n-\-IØv AS-®p-]q-´n-bn-cp∂p
{]m¿∞n°- pI F∂Xp am{Xa- mb- nc- p∂- p. F∂m¬, B™S- n®
alm-am-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂v CXp sIms≠m∂pw c£-t\-Sm-\m-bn-√.
tcmKw hcp-∂Xv tamiw hmbp sIm≠m-sW∂v hniz-kn®
A∂sØ tUmŒ¿am¿ hnNn-{X-amb apJw-aq-Sn-I-fp-ambn Ae-
™p-\-S-∂p. hkq-cnbpw tImf-d-bp-sams° e£-ßsf
sIms∂m-Sp-°n.

2016 ]Xn-t\gmw \q‰m-≠n¬ B‚Wn eosh≥lq°v F∂ U®p-
BKÃv 1 Im-c≥ •m v Dc-®p-c®v Dcp≠ se≥kp-I-fp-≠m-°n. Chsb D]-
tbm-Kn®v sIm®p ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏p-Iƒ D≠m-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p
4433 ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y- At±-l-Øns‚ hnt\m-Zw. 1674¬ Hcp XSm-I-Ønse sh≈w
Øn¬ Cw•o-jp-Im-c-\mb ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ shdpw IÆp-sIm≠p
FtUz¿Uv sP∂¿ A∂v temI-sa- ImWm≥ Ignb- mØ sIm®pP- oh- nI- sf At±lw I≠p. C∂p \mw
_mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Chsb BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-
ºmSpw Ht´sd t]sc sIms∂m- jy≥ ImWpI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. ]eXcw _mŒoc- nb- I- sf At±lw tcJ-
Sp-°nb hkq-cn°v ^e-{]-Z-amb s∏-Sp-Øn.
{]Xn-tcm[ NnIn’ I≠p-]n-Sn-
®p. ]ip-hns‚ AIn-Sn¬ \n∂v Cu I≠p]- nS- pØ- Ø- n\- m[- mc- w.
]I¿∂p-In-´p∂ tKmh-kqcn ]nSn- tPwkv ^n∏vkv F∂
s]´ ]m¬°m-cnIƒ°v hkqcn
hcp-∂n-s√∂ \nco-£-W-am-bn-cp∂p _me-\n¬, tKmh-kq-cn-bn¬
\ns∂S- pØ {Zhw IpØns- h®v
GXm\pw Znhk- Ø- n\- Iw a\p-
jy-h-kqcn IpØn-sh-®-t∏mƒ
tcmKw hcp-∂n-s√∂p I≠p.
CXm-bn-cp∂p BZysØ
imkv{Xo-b-amb {]Xn-tcm[
IpØns- h∏- v.

tUmŒ¿am¿ ssI IgpI- pI!!!

_mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ t]mep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ BWv ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ
D≠m°- p∂- s- X∂v Gsd°- mew Bcpw Nn¥n®- n√- . ]sØmº- Xmw \q‰m≠- n¬,
lwK-dn-bnse Hcp tUmŒ¿ Bb C·mkv knΩ¬hokv, {]k-hm-\-¥cw
AΩa- m¿ ]\n h∂p acn°- p∂- Xv C√mX- m°- m≥, {]kh- s- aS- p°- p∂ tUmŒ¿
AXn\p ap≥]v ssI hrØnb- mbn IgpI- nb- m¬ aXn F∂p hmZn®- p. At±lw
kz¥w hm¿Un¬ AXp ImWn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬
A∂sØ tUmŒ¿am¿ AXp tIƒ°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√.

IpjTv t- cmKw AXn]- pc- mX- \- a- mW- .v temIw apgp- bnc- p∂- s_¿K≥ \Kc- Ø- nse Hcp tUmŒ¿ ˛
h≥ At\I- mb- nc- ß- ƒ CXns‚ sISpX- nb- pa- mbn sK¿lm¿Uv lm≥k≥ BWv IpjvTw _m[n®
Pohn®- p. tcmKnI- sf kaqlw _lnj- v°c- n°- p- tcmKnb- psS icoc- Ø- n¬ ssat{Imk- vt°m∏- ne- qsS
Ibpw am‰n Xmak- n∏- n°- pI- bpw sNbvXnc- p∂- p. \of-ap≈ hSn-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ hkvXp-
ssZht- Zmjw sIm≠ms- W∂pw ]mcº- c- yt- cmK- a- m- °sf I≠X- v. AXv _mŒoc- nb- I- ƒ Bbnc- n°- m-
sW∂- pa- p≈ hnizmk- ß- f- mWv \ne\- n∂- nc- p∂- X- v. sa∂pw Ahb- mWv tcmKØ- n\p ImcW- s- a∂pw
]sØmº- Xmw \q‰m≠- n¬ t\m¿thb- n¬ tcmKw IpjvTw Hcp ]I¿®h- ym[n BsW∂pw At±lw
hym]I- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. tcmKw G‰hpw A[nIw D≠m- hmZn®- p.

44 {^©v ck-X{¥ imkv{X-⁄-\mb eqbo- ]´p-\q¬ ]pgp-°-fpsS AtX]- Sn _mŒoc- nb- b- psS
]mk- vN¿ kq£vaP- oh- nI- f- mWv ssh\pw _nb- tcmKw Hcp _mŒo-cnb kq£n°- p∂p km∂n[- ya- n√
44 dpw t]mep≈ B¬s°mtlmƒ D≠m-°p- aqe-am-sW∂pw tcmKw
∂Xv F∂p Is≠-Øn. ap≥]v ]cs° hniz- _m[n® ]pgp-°sf AS∏v am‰n _mŒoc- nb
kn-®Xp t]mse `£y-]-Zm¿∞-ßfpw a‰pw am‰nbm¬ AXns‚ kq£n°- p∂p {]Xy£- s- ∏S- p∂p
tISm-hp-∂Xv tamiw hmbp aqe-a√ F∂pw hym]\w XS-bm-sa∂pw NqSm°- p∂p
]mkv®¿ Is≠-Øn.
hmbp-hnse kq£vaPo-hn-Iƒ Imc-W-am- B{¥mIvkv, t]∏´- nh- nj- -
sW∂pw At±lw Xs‚ {]kn-≤-amb _m[ F∂nh- bv°v hocyw
^vfmkvIv ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS sXfn-bn- \„-s∏-Sp-Ønb AWp-
®p. CXp-t]m-ep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmWv °ƒ sIm≠p≈ {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-
]e tcmK-߃°pw ImcWw F∂v tcmKm-Wp-kn-≤m¥w sh∏v ^e-{]-Z-am-sW∂pw At±lw NqSm°- p∂p
apt∂m´v sh®Xpw ]mkvN¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. sXfn-bn-®p.
{^m≥knse ]´p hyh-km-bsØ \in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI P¿a≥Imc- \- mb tdm_¿´v tIm°v BWv tcmKm- ip≤a- mb cq]Ø- n¬ hf¿Øm≥ Ignb- W- w. 3.
Wp-kn-≤m¥w kwi-b-Øn\v CS-\¬Im-Ø-hn[w Cßs\ hf¿Ønb tcmKmW- ph- ns\
sXfnb- n®- X- v. £bw, tImfd- , B{¥mIvkv F∂o tcmK- tcmKa- n√- mØ hy‡nb- n¬ IpØns- h-
ßsfms° _mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v
At±lw sXfnb- n®- p. Hcp tcmKw C∂ AWph- n¬ ®m¬ B hy‡nb- n¬ AXv tcmKa- p≠- m-
\n∂mWv D≠mI- p∂- Xv F∂p sXfnb- n°- m≥ Nne \n¿tZ- °W- w. 4. Aßns\ tcmKa- p≠- m°- nb
iß- fpw At±lw apt∂m´v sh®p. hy‡nb- n¬ \n∂v AtX tcmKmW- p-
1. tcmKa- p≈ F√mh- c- nepw tcmKmWp D≠mb- nc- n°- W- w. 2. tcmKnb- psS ico- hns\ th¿Xnc- ns- ®S- p°- m≥ Ignb- W- w.
cØ- n¬ \ns∂S- p°- p∂ AWph- ns\ et_md- ´- d- nb- n¬ {]tXyI ]m{Xß- f- n¬ ta¬∏d- ™- h C∂v tIm°ns‚ XØz-
߃ F∂v Adnb- s- ∏S- p∂- p.

2016 Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n-te°p Nne Nmb-߃ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv t]mse
BKÃv 1 IS-°p-tºm-tg°pw ]I¿®- Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ°v Cu AWp-
hym-[n-Iƒ tcmKm-Wp-°-fmWv °sf \in-∏n-°m\pw Ignbpw F∂
D≠m-°p-∂-sX∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Bibw F¿en°v apt∂m-´p-sh-®p.
kwib- a- p≠- mb- nc- p∂- n√- . t]mƒ kn^n-enkv tcmKw D≠m-°p∂ _mŒo-cn-
F¿en°v Hcp _lpa- pJ- {- ]X- n- b-s°-Xnsc B¿kvs^-\-ao≥ F∂
`-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tcmKm-Wp- ]Zm¿∞w ^e-{]-Z-am-sW∂v At±lw
°ƒs°-Xnsc icocw {]Xn-h- Is≠-Øn. CXns‚ ^e-ambn
kvXp°- ƒ (B‚nt- _mU- nI- ƒ) k¬h¿km≥ F∂pw ]n∂oSv \ntbm ˛
\n¿an-°p∂p F∂v BZy-ambn k¬h¿km≥ F∂pw t]cn¬ CXv hn]-
]d-™Xv F¿en°v Bbn-cp- Wn-bn-en-d-ßn. Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v
∂p. tImi-ßsf ]e-Xcw temIsØ G‰hpw hn‰-gn-°p∂ acp-
Nmbw ]nSn-∏n®v \√-Xmbn ∂mbn CXv. tcmKm-Wp-hns\ \in-∏n-°m-\mbn cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX temI-
ImWm\pw a\ - ne- m°- m\pw Ignb- ps- a∂v At±lw ImWn®- p. tcmKmW- ph- n¬ Ønse BZysØ acp-∂v.

4455 sNdnb apdn-hp-Iƒ P\¬ Xpd∂p InS∂- Xp sIm≠v ^vtfmdnbpw GWÃv sNbn\pw BWv AXv
]gpØ- m¬t]mepw AXv Hcp Znhkw Cu ]m{X-ß-fn¬ km[n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬
ac-W-Øn-te°v \bn- Hcp-Xcw ]q∏¬ _m[n-®p. Cu IqSp-X¬ ssk\n-Icpw acn-®Xv AWp-_m-[-aq-
°p∂ Hcp Ime-ap-≠m- ]q∏en\p Np‰pw _mŒo-cn-b- e-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ s]\n-kn-en\ns‚ D]-tbmKw
bn-cp-∂p. tcmKm-Wp- ߃ \in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn aqew c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤amb-t∏m-tg°pw
°sf sIm√p∂ B‚n- ^vsfanßv I≠p. s]\nk- ne- nbw CXv hfsc Ipd®p am{X-am-bn.
_-tbm-´n°v Huj-[-ß- F∂ t]cp≈ Cu
fmWv CXn\v AdpXn ]q∏¬ _mŒo-cn-b-
hcp-Øn-b-Xv. BZysØ ßsf \in-∏n-°p∂
B‚ n-_-tbm-´n°v Hcp ]Zm¿∞w D¬∏m-
Bbn-cp∂p s]\n-kn-en≥. Ae-Ivkm≥U¿ Zn-∏n-°p∂p F∂v ^vsfanßv a\- n-em-
^vsfan-ßv F∂ Cw•ojv kq£va-Pohn imkv{X- °n. s]\n-ko-en-b-Øn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy-
⁄≥ apdn-hp-Iƒ ]gp-°p-∂-Xn-s\ms° {][m\ \n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp acp∂v D≠m-
Imc-W-amb Ãss^-tem-tIm-°kv F∂ _mŒo-cn- °n-sb-Sp-°m≥ ]ns∂bpw ]Øv h¿j-
bsb s]{Sn ]m{Xß- f- n¬ hf¿ØpI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. Øn¬ A[nIw FSp-Øp. slmhm¿Uv

Ign™ c≠p \q‰m-≠n¬ 100 ∏n-®m¬ \ofm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWmw. tcmKw kvs{S]vt‰m-ssa-kn≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. A≥]-Xp-
tImSn P\-ßsf (G-Xm≠v C¥y- I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ct∏mgpw Cu sSÃv D]- Iƒ°p tijw a‰p acp∂- pI- fpw h∂p. £bw NnIn-
bpsS P\-kw-Jy-bpsS A{X) tbmK- n°- p∂- p. Ign™ \q‰m≠- ns‚ BZy ’n®p t`Za- m°- mh- p∂ tcmKß- f- ns- em∂- mbn amdn.
sIms∂m-Sp-°nb alm-hn-]-Øm-bn- ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ t]mepw Hcmƒ°v tcmK-ap-
cp∂p £b-tcm-Kw. {][m-\-ambpw s≠∂v Is≠Ø- nb- m¬ acWw GXm≠- pd- -
izmk-tIm-i-ßsf _m[n-®n-cp∂ Cu ∏m-bn-cp-∂p. CØ-c-°msc {]tXyIw
tcmK-Øns‚ apJy e£Ww icocw ÿm]n® km\t- ‰md- nb- ß- f- n¬ {]thi- n∏- n-
saen-b¬, ]\n, Npa, tNmc-Xp-∏¬ °pI- b- mb- nc- p∂p ]Xnh- v. Ahc- n¬ Nne¿
F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Cu tcmKw D≠m-°p∂ AWp- am{X-amWv c£-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. 1943¬ B¬_¿´v
hns\ I^-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn¬ Nmbw ]nSn- jm‰vkv £b-tcm-Km-Wp-hn-s\-Xnsc ^e-{]-Z-amb

46 Ign™ 200 ImcW- w. \Kc- ß- ƒ°v IpSns- h≈w FØn®- nc- p∂
h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \ZnI- f- n¬ aeh- nk- ¿Pyß- ƒ- FØnt- ®c- p∂- X- mb- n-
46 temIs- aº- mSpw e£- cp∂p {]i\v w. C°mcyw a\ - ne- m°- nb- t- Xms- Sb- mW- ,v
ßsf sIms∂m-Sp- aew kwk°v c- n°- m\- p≈ ]≤X- nI- fpw ip≤oI- c- n®
Xv. tcmKnb- psS aeØ- ne- qsS ]pdØp IS°- p∂ s]mXp-Pe hnX-c-W-hp-sams° h≥ sNe-hn¬
°nb tcmK-amWv AWp Pemi- b- ß- sf aen\- s- ∏SpØpI hgn Bbn- k¿°mc- pI- ƒ \S∏- ne- m°- m≥ XpSß- nb- X- .v CtXmsS
tImfd- . ITn\- a- mb cß- ƒ°v tcmKa- p≠- m°- p∂- X- mb- nc- p∂p alma- mc- n°v tImfdbpsS tXmXv KWya- mbn Ipd™- p.
hb-dn-f-°hpw
ico-c-Ønse \n¿Pe- oI- c- W- Ø- n\v emb\- nI- ƒ \¬IpI- bpw
Pemwiw Ipd™- n√- mX- mh- p∂- X- pa- mWv e£W- ß- ƒ. AWph- ns\ sIm√m≥ B‚n_- t- bm´- n°- pI- ƒ D]-
tcmKa- p≠- m°- p∂ hn{_ntbm tImfd F∂ _mŒo- tbmK- n°- pI- bpw sNøm≥ XpSß- nb- t- XmsS tImfd
cnb- Ø- ns\ tdm_¿´v tIm°v BWv I≠p]- nS- n®- - acW- ß- ƒ C√mX- mb- n.

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI temI-Øn¬ Ct∂-hsc Pohn® a\p-jy-cn¬ c‡m-Wp-°-fn¬ Ahsb ImWmw. {^©p-Im-c- Isf \in-∏n-°p-I-bmWv tcmKw \nb{- ¥n°- m\- p≈
]Ip-Xn-tbmfw t]¿ acn-®Xv ate-dnb aqe-am-sW- \mb Nmƒkv emsh-dm-\mWv CXv am¿Kw. tcmKw h∂h- sc NnIn’- n°- m≥
s∂mcp IW-°p-≠v. icn-bmtWm F∂-dn-bn-√. I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv. Chsb c‡- tcmKmW- ph- ns\ sIm√p∂ ]e acp∂- p-
]t£, at‰Xp ac-W-Im-c-W-tØ-°mfpw F{Xtbm Øn¬ FØn-°p-∂Xv At\m-^n- Ifpw C∂v e`ya- mW- v. ]≠sØ At]-
ap∂n-emWv ate-dn-b. a\p-jy≥ D≠mb Imew eokv C\-Øn¬s∏´ sImXp-Ip- £n®v tcmKnI- f- psS FÆhpw tcmKw
apX¬ AXp \ap-s°m-∏-ap-≠v. tcmK-ap-≠m-°p- I-fm-Wv. C°mcyw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv h∂-h-cpsS ac-Whpw hf-sc-b-[nIw
∂Xv t{]mt´m-tkmh C\-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp GI-tIm- {_n´o-jp-Im-c-\mb sdmWm- Ipd-s™-¶nepw C∂pw Hmtcm
i-Po-hn-bm-Wv. ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS t\m°n- Uvtdm v BWv. h¿jhpw Bdv e£w t]¿ ated- nb aqew
bm¬ tcmKw _m[n-®-h-cpsS c‡-Øn¬ Nph∂ acn°- p∂- p; {]tXyI- n®v B{^n°- b- n¬.
At\m-^n-eokv sImXp-Ip-

2016 Ip´n-I-fpsS ac-W-Øns‚ {][m\ Imc-W-ß- CXn-s\ms° am‰w
BKÃv 1 fm-bn-cp∂p Un^vØo-cn-b, hn√≥Np-a, sS‰-\kv hcp-Øn-bXv {]Xn-tcm[
XpS-ßnb tcmK-߃. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n\p hmIvkn-\p-I-fpsS
ap≥]v, F√m cmPy-ß-fnepw P\n® Ip´n-I-fn¬ I≠p-]n-Sp-Øhpw hym]-
A©ns- em∂p apX¬ ]IpXn hsc sNdp∏- Ø- nte \-hp-am-Wv. C∂v Ip´n-
acn-®n-cp-∂p. ]e kaq-l-ßfpw Hcp hb p Iƒ°v hcp∂ ]I¿-
Ign™p am{Xta Ip´n-Iƒ°p t]cn-Sm-dp-≠m-bn- ®hym[n-I-fn¬ an°-
cp∂- p≈- q. Un^vØoc- nb- bpw a‰pw h∂v F√m Ip´n- Xn\pw {]Xn-tcm[acp-
Ifpw acn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw A]q¿h-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ∂p-Iƒ D≠v.

hkqcn F∂ sshdkvtcmKw e£-ßsf kwL-S-\-bpsS hen-sbmcp {iaw th≠n-h-∂p. apsº∂-tØ-°mfpw C∂sØ Ip´n-Iƒ°v
sIm∂n-cp∂ ImeØv ioXf amXm-hn-t\mSpw amcn- 1977¬ hkqcn temIØp \n∂pw XpS-®p-\o-°- BtcmK- yI- c- a- mb PohnXw Dd∏- m°- nb- Xv tcmKmW- p-
s∏-´p. °-tfmSv bp≤w sNbvX B[p-\nI imkv{X-am-Wv.
b-Ω-t\mSpw ]cn- AXn\v cq]w \¬Inb Nn¥m-co-Xn-bm-Wv.
4477 ip≤ \nt°-jykv
]pWym-f-t\m-Sp- ]gb B Zpcn-X-Im-e-Øns‚ A\p-`-h-߃
sams° {]m¿∞n- C√m-Ø-h-tcmSv hmIvkn-\p-Ifpw B‚n-_-tbm-´n-
°¬ am{X-am-bn- °p-Ifpw Hs° tami-am-sW∂pw ]g-b-Im-e-
cp∂p am¿Kw. tØ°p Xncn-®p-t]m-I-W-sa-∂p-sams° ]d™v
F∂m¬ hkq-cn- Nne¿ Ah-cpsS D¬∏-∂-߃ hn¬°m≥ Cd-ßn-
s°-Xnsc bn-´p-≠v. Cu X´n-∏p-Imsc Xncn-®-dn-b-W-sa-¶n¬
hmIvkn≥ h∂- \mw kb≥kns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw kb≥kns‚ coXn-
t∏mƒ ÿnXn amdn. I-fp-sams° ]Tnt® aXn-bm-hq.

tcmKw hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ At\-Im-bncw Ip´n-Iƒ°v AwK-ssh-Ieyw
IpØn-sh∏v FSp-Øm¬ D≠m-°nb as‰mcp sshdkv tcmK-amb t]mfntbm
aXn F∂m-bn. F¶nepw Ct∏mƒ ]q¿W-ambpw C√m-Xm-°m≥ hen-sbmcp
temIw apgph- ≥ CXp \S- {iaw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. t]mfntbm C√m-sØmcp
∏m-°m≥ temIm-tcmKy temIw F∂ kz]v\w ASpØp Xs∂ t\Sm-
\mhpw F∂v \ap°v {]Xo-£n-°mw.

cam-tZhn

an∂p ASp°- f apgph- ≥ \S∂v AXp-sIm≠v `£Ww ]I¿∂-tijw
]m{Xß- ƒ \∂mbn AS®- ph- b- v°W- w. D]-
Ft¥m Xnc-bp-I-bm-Wv. tbm-K-tijw _m°n hcp∂ `£Ww
DS≥ Xs∂ {^nUvPn¬ hbv°-Ww.
""F¥m tamtf...'' AΩ tNmZn-
""Cu¿∏w If-bm≥ XpS-®m¬ t]mtc,
®p. tamtf.''

Ahs- fm∂pw an≠nb- n√- . ]ns∂ ""XpSb- v°mw. AXv ag°- me- Ø- v Xobn¬,
sNdp-Xo-bn¬ s]s´∂v NqSm-°n-sb-Sp-°-
AΩsb hnfn®v ASp- Ww. ]ns∂ th\-en¬ F¥p sNøm-
sat∂m? kqcy-s\-t∏mse sNe-hp-Ip-d-
°-f-bn¬ Ccp-Øn. ™Xpw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-hp-amb as‰mcp
t]mwhgnbn√-t√m. AXm-b-Xv, ]m{X-߃
""t\m°t- Ω... ASp- \√ shbne- Øv h®v DW°- ns- bS- p°- W- w.
]nt∂, ASp-°-f-bnse Ãuhv, …m_v,
°-f-bnse ]m{X-߃
ASp°-f-bnse Cu¿∏w
apgp-h≥ Igp-In, \ne\- n¿Øq...!

Cu¿∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ Rßsf kwc-£n-°q..

h®n-cn-°p-∂p.''

""AXn-s\¥m...

an∂q.''

ASp°f-bn¬ F√m-hcpw ""F¥m-sWt∂m?
Ib-d-Ww. AhnsS \S-°p- Cßs\ Cu¿∏-ap≈
∂Xv Fs¥∂v a\- n-em- ]m{X-ß-fn-te-°t√
°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w kq£vam- AΩ C\n `£Ww
Wp-°-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w hnfº- pI- .''
IqSn Adn-bq. _tbm-sI-
ank- v{Snb- n¬ D]c- n]- T- \w \S- ""AsX.''
Ønb ca-t®®n ]d-bp-∂Xv ""F∂m tIt´mf- q...
`£-W-߃ ]mIw
tIƒ°q...

sNbvXv ]I¿∂v

hbv°m≥ D]t- bmK- n°- p∂ ]m{X-

߃ Cu¿∏a- p≈- X- mb- m¬ CXn¬

kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ s]cp-Ipw.

4848 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Nncn-°-≠. {^nUvPn-\-IØv, hc- p∂ ]®°- d- nI- ƒ IgpIn \∂mbn XpS-
\ΩpsS d{^nP- t- d‰- d- n\- I- Øv Hcp bp≤w ®-tijw {^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°p-I. Igp-
Xs∂-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. Bcp-tS- Ip-tºmgpw XpS-bv°p-tºmgpw IoS-\m-in-
sXt∂m? kq£vam-Wp-°-fp-tS-Xv. \n-Ifpw kq£vam-Wp-°fpw C√m-sX-bm-
{^nUvPv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ kq£n- hp∂- p.
t°≠ {][m\ Imcyw, `£Ww
FSpØv ]pdØv h®v A¥-co£ ]m{X-߃ XpS®v DW-°n-b-tijw
Dujvam-hn¬ h∂-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xw Xs∂ `£-W-ß-ƒ \nd®v {^nUvPn¬
Ign°- pI- . hbv°q. DWß- nb Ahÿ- b- n¬ _mŒo-
cn-b߃°v hf-cm-\m-hn-√. {^nUvPn-\-
cmhnse Xøm-dm°nb `£Ww IØpw _mŒo-cn-b߃ D≠v. Ch
At∏mgpw Ignbv°pw D®bv°pw `£W ]Zm¿∞-ß-fn-te°v IS-°m-Xn-
Ignbv°pw. ]ns∂ cm{Xnbpw Ign-®-
tijw _m°n h∂Xv cn-°m≥ `£-W-߃
{^nUvPn¬ Ib-‰pw. ]mSn- AS-®p-Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-
√. F¥m-sWt∂m? apdn- °p-I.
bpsS Xm]-\n-e-bn¬ Ign-
bp∂ kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ Id‚p-t]m-bm¬
F√mw {^nUvPn-\-IØv (Zo¿Lt- \c- w) {^nUPv n¬
Aßs\ FØp-I-bm-bn. hbv°p∂ `£W- Ø- n¬
kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ hcpw,
{^nUvPn¬ hbv°p∂ Dd-∏m-Wv. Blm-c-]-
`£W- ]- Z- m¿Yw \n¿_‘- - Zm¿∞-߃ tISm-hp-
ambpw AS-®p-h-bv°-Ww. ∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv.
IS-bn¬ \n∂pw sIm≠p-

sj¬^p-Iƒ Ch hrØn-bmbn kq£n- shbn-eØv h®v DW-°p-Ibpw thWw.''
°-Ww.'' ]ns∂ an∂p ASp-°-f-bn¬ AΩ an∂ph- ns\ sI´n∏- nS- n®v HcpΩ
kq£n-°p∂ `£-W-]-Zm¿∞-ß-fp-sS-b-
Sp-sØ-Øn. sImSp-Øp. At∏mƒ Ahƒ ]d™p:
""Xo¿∂n√. {^nUPv p≈ F√m ho´pI- mcpw
""AtΩ... [m\y-ßfpw [m\y-s∏m-Sn- Adnbm≥, AXm... B {^nUPv ns- \°- pd- n-
Ifpw ]b-dp-h¿K-ß-fp-sams° kq£n- ®p≈ Ipdn∏- pI- qSn hmbn°- W- w.''
°p∂ ]m{X-߃ hmbp IS-°msX
AS®p kq£n-°-Ww. A[n-I-\mƒ tISp- AΩ ]d™- p. ""hmbn°- m-
Iq-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ch-sb√mw CS-bv°nsS tem...''

hcq. \ap°pw hmbn°- mw.

2016 4499
BKÃv 1

tUm.-In-tjm¿Ip-am¿ sI

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kq£vaP- oh- nI- sf ImWmw F∂mWv IW-
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cn®pw aÆns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°-\p-k-
hkvXp-h-√. adn®v [mcmfw [mXp- cn®pw Ch-bpsS FÆ-Øn¬ hyXymkw
hcmw. aÆns‚ Hcp iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg
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aÆn¬ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ
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dsa `qan-bnse Poh- $ aÆnse ssPh-L-S-I-ß-fpw kky-˛-
P¥p Ahi- n„- ß- fpw arXi- c- oc- ß- fpw
s\bpw `£yi- rwJ- e- - hnL-Sn-∏n®v kky-߃°v e`y-amb
aqe-I-ß-fm°n am‰p-∂p.
sbbpw \ne-
aÆnse aqeI- ß- -
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Wv aÆv.

aÆnse kq£va-

aÆn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Poh- nI- sf _mŒoc- nb- ,
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ep-Iƒ, ]mb-ep-Iƒ,
sNøp∂ aÆn-c-sb-°p-dn®v t{]mt´m-tkm-h-Iƒ
tI´n-´p-≠v. F∂n-s´t¥ (Protozoans), sshd-
kp-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\
aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-Isf XcwX- nc- n°- mw. Hmtcm
am{Xw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-√. hn`m-K-Øn\pw Ah-

^mdqJv tImtf-Pnse kky-
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tUm.- In-tjm¿Ip-am¿ ]d-
bp-∂Xv {i≤n-°q.

bpt- SX- mb {]tXyI- X- -

Ifpw [¿a-ßfpw D≠v. Hcp{Kmw

5050 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI