Barangay Solid Waste Management A manual on the enhanced management of solid wastes at the barangay Copyright 2023 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any meansm electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Published by: Department of the Interior and Local Government Regional Office III Diosdado Macapagal Government Center, Maimpis City of San Fernando, Pampanga Philippines
Message DILG has always been an advocate of environment-friendly and disaster resilient local government units. Over and above that, the Central Luzon region is among the three regions that were given a tall order on environment protection, that is, to clean and rehabilitate Manila Bay. Since the Supreme Court continuing mandamus in 2008, the implementation of the Manila Bay Clean-up, Rehabilitation and Preservation Program (MBCRPP) has been in full swing across the region. In support to achieving this goal, we recognize the indispensable role of barangays in the implementation of programs on the ground. Through this training manual, we are hopeful that the gaps in implementation of the MBCRPP shall be addressed by ensuring that barangays have ready access to a resource material that shall equip them in implementing strategically-planned solid waste management programs. We believe that for programs as extensive as the MBCRP, an approach that starts from the ground up is the best way to go. I extend my deepest gratitude to the regional offices of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Environmental Management Bureau for lending their technical expertise and valuable time in crafting this manual. It is through their collaborative efforts that we were able to achieve this noble feat. Let us continue to work actively together in order to realize our goal to ultimately clean and rehabilitate Manila Bay. Maraming salamat at mabuhay! Atty. Anthony C. Nuyda, CESO III Regional Director DILG Central Luzon I Message from the Regional Director
Message Isang makakalikasang pagbati. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources, as the lead agency in protecting and developing the country’s natural resources, is committed to developing and implementing strategies that will preserve and conserve our natural wealth in collaboration with partner agencies and stakeholders. We believe that by publishing this material titled “Enhancement of Barangay Solid Waste Management Manual,” we may be able to provide you with practical information on safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly solid waste management alternatives as we continue our endeavor toward a cleaner and healthier Manila Bay. It includes the standard operating procedures for collecting, managing, storing, transporting, and disposing of solid waste. May this serve as a useful guide in the planning, implementation, monitoring, and assessment of Barangay Local Government Units’ solid waste management programs, as well as a practical tool for implementing their Manila Bay restoration plans in a more effective, efficient, and sustainable manner. We hope to promote the health and welfare of our people and safeguard them from the risks and hazards of solid waste by disseminating and strictly enforcing the measures outlined in this document. Thank you for your steadfast support. Let us work together to ensure a sustainable and livable future for current and future generations of Filipinos. Sama-sama, tulong-tulong sa pangangalaga ng kapaligiran, dahil ikaw, ako, tayo ang kalikasan! ENGR. PAQUITO T. MORENO, JR., CESO III Regional Executive Director DENR Region III II Message from the Regional Director
Message Isang Makakalikasang Araw! The Department of Environment and Natural Resources is principally responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’ environment and natural resources. Solid waste management remains a pressing environmental issue of the Department. Despite the pandemic, the Department commits to vigorously oversee the solid waste management compliance of the Local Government Units (LGUs). Thus, the Environmental Management Bureau gives unending support to LGUs and barangays of the Region in terms of technical and financial assistance to fully implement the solid waste management within their territorial jurisdiction. Through this, compliance to Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 will increase. To strengthen the implementation of solid waste management program within our community, the Department of Interior and Local Government Unit in collaboration with the Bureau and other stakeholders, has developed a training manual on the enhancement of barangay solid waste management. This will serve as an assessment tool or guide for the implementation and enforcement of solid waste management to LGUs. This will eventually evaluate and quantify the environmental performance of each barangay and to determine problems with management system in implementation. The Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee led by the Barangay Chairman will have the responsibility to oversee the implementation and update them in their duties pursuant to RA 9003. I am hoping that this guidebook will result in good change and a reaffirmed commitment to environmentally friendly practices. Additionally, it is our duty as public servants to set an example and make solid waste management a way of life. With this, it will ensure that the environmental issues and concern are brought to the attention of local and national leaders and make sure public officers that are tasked to implement environmental laws do their duties and sustain its implementation. “Ang Pangarap N’yo, ay Pangarap Ko Rin” WILSON L. TRAJECO, PME, Ph.D. Regional Director DENR-EMB III III Message from the Regional Director Message Isang Makakalikasang Araw! The Department of Environment and Natural Resources is principally responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’ environment and natural resources. Solid waste management remains a pressing environmental issue of the Department. Despite the pandemic, the Department commits to vigorously oversee the solid waste management compliance of the Local Government Units (LGUs). Thus, the Environmental Management Bureau gives unending support to LGUs and barangays of the Region in terms of technical and financial assistance to fully implement the solid waste management within their territorial jurisdiction. Through this, compliance to Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 will increase. To strengthen the implementation of solid waste management program within our community, the Department of Interior and Local Government Unit in collaboration with the Bureau and other stakeholders, has developed a training manual on the enhancement of barangay solid waste management. This will serve as an assessment tool or guide for the implementation and enforcement of solid waste management to LGUs. This will eventually evaluate and quantify the environmental performance of each barangay and to determine problems with management system in implementation. The Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee led by the Barangay Chairman will have the responsibility to oversee the implementation and update them in their duties pursuant to RA 9003. I am hoping that this guidebook will result in good change and a reaffirmed commitment to environmentally friendly practices. Additionally, it is our duty as public servants to set an example and make solid waste management a way of life. With this, it will ensure that the environmental issues and concern are brought to the attention of local and national leaders and make sure public officers that are tasked to implement environmental laws do their duties and sustain its implementation. “Ang Pangarap N’yo, ay Pangarap Ko Rin” WILSON L. TRAJECO, PME, Ph.D. Regional Director DENR-EMB III III Message from the Regional Director Digitally signed by Trajeco Wilson Lim DN: cn=Trajeco Wilson Lim, serialNumber=001003000469S, ou=Office of the Regional Director, o=DENREnvironmental Management Bureau Region 3, c=PH Date: 2023.06.02 11:05:50 +08'00'
The completion of this manual would not have been possible without the generosity and knowledge sharing of the dedicated men and women of DILG Central Luzon and our partner agencies, DENR Region 3 and DENR-EMB Region3, who are at the forefront of our advocacy towards environmental preservation. Our utmost gratitude goes to our partner agencies, the Central Luzon regional offices of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Environmental Management Bureau, for extending their technical expertise in solid waste management. In the same way, we express our gratitude to the following: Department of the Interior and Local Government Region 3 Ms. Lerrie Hernandez Mr. Aldwin Reyes Mr. Jose Jasper Canlas Mr. Mark Philaine Mallari Ms. Kristinne Mallari Ms. Aubbrie Francheska Louise Sicat Mr. Josen Yabut Mr. Cloyd Aaron Suba Ms. Janelle Cruz Mr. Noel Viray, Jr. Mr. Galen Tearl Gumabon Mr. Llhoyd Parungao Ms. Guian Carla Gutierrez Ms. Rheanne Michelle Lopez Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 3 Dr. Cynde Pagador Ms. Honey Pearl Bagtas Ms. Kathleen Serrano Department Environmental Management Bureau Region 3 Atty. Ramiro Osorio, Jr. Ms. Diozelle Lazatin Ms. Blessa Grace Mariano Ms. Christle David The dedication you have demonstrated beginning with the initial drafting workshop until the pilot training has greatly impacted the development of this manual. IV Acknowledgement
V Table of Contents Introduction Module 1: Institutional Arrangement Introduction to RA 9003 Organization of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee Environmental-Related Ordinances Enactment of the Barangay Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance Formulating a Solid Waste Management Action Plan Module 2: Solid Waste Management Implementation Waste Segregation at Source Segregated Collection System Functionality of the Materials Recovery Facility Waste Diversion Weekly Clean-up Activity Module 3: Monitoring and Evaluation Introduction to Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation in Relation to MBCRPP Manila BAYanihan Data Capture Form 2.2 Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit Annex 5 3 1 7 13 18 20 25 27 32 36 44 48 50 53 57 59 61 63
Since the Supreme Court Mandamus Order to clean up, rehabilitate, and preserve Manila Bay, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) has continuously developed numerous innovations aimed at restoring the waters of Manila Bay to its former beauty and cleanliness, leading to the restoration of the bay’s once productive marine resources. In doing so, the Department believes that the successful implementation of the Manila Bay Clean-up, Rehabilitation, and Preservation Program (MBCRPP) is dependent on the collective efforts of local government units (LGUs) in the watershed area. DILG recognizes the vital role of the barangay in the efficient and effective management of wastes which includes close monitoring of its internal and external flow that ultimately lead to the waters of Manila Bay. Because of this, DILG Central Luzon introduced the Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit (BECA) in 2021 with the goal of providing a mechanism to measure compliance to the implementation of MBCRPP at the barangay level and to gather data on possible issues encountered by the community. One of the major gaps identified in the audit was the disconnect in program implementation from the city or municipality to the barangay. While local government units (LGUs) have effective solid waste management programs, barangays often have little to no participation in their implementation. As a matter of fact, LGUs that were found to be low-compliant during the LGU Compliance Assessment were observed to be hindered by the lack of institutional mechanisms and implementation at the barangay level. This may be attributed to the lack of technical expertise of barangay officials in formulating solid waste management programs combined with the indifference of the community. Inversely, LGUs that actively involve barangay solid waste management committees in their programs were distinguished to benefit from the cooperation resulting to a more positive impact to the community. In order to address the identified gaps, the MBCRP Program Management Team (PMT), in coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Environmental Management Bureau, developed this training manual to further capacitate barangays in solid waste management by providing a ready reference material that can be used in planning and implementation. This manual is composed of three modules: (1) Institutional Arrangements, (2) Solid Waste Management Implementation and (3) Monitoring and Evaluation. The first module tackles the necessary organizational arrangements at the barangay level in the implementation of effective solid waste management. This is followed by the second module which introduces the different programs that the barangay is required to implement in accordance with Republic Act 9003 and other initiatives that may be applicable to the Introduction Page 1
community. Lastly, the third module gives an overview of the monitoring and evaluation process to encourage periodic review of 1 Through this manual, the MBCRP-PMT aims to further involve our barangays in our collective efforts to rehabilitate Manila Bay and to ensure the continuity of the program. Likewise, this manual shall also be a tool for barangays to actively involve the community in its waste management efforts thereby encouraging cooperation and participation in its programs. By bridging the gap and our implementation on the ground, DILG is hopeful that our ultimate goal to rehabilitate Manila Bay will only be within our arms’ reach. Page 2
Module 1: Institutional Arrangement
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 4 Summary The first module will tackle the institutional arrangements among barangays. In this module, we will provide a deeper understanding of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 or RA 9003 among barangays and guide them in crafting their Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) and their 3-year Solid Waste Management Program. The first module will also cover the relevance of the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Council having an organizational structure, as well as the major actions and methods for identifying relevant laws and policies, particularly during the enactment process.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 5 Introduction to RA 9003 The Philippines responded to the call to better manage our wastes and address the looming garbage problem through the passage of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The law outlines the state’s policy in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which ensures protection of public health and environment and ensures proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological solid waste management. The law also retains primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local government units.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 6 Among the key provisions of RA 9003 is the mandatory segregation of wastes and establishment of a materials recovery facility to significantly reduce wastes sent to sanitary landfills. Additionally, the law created the National Solid Waste Management Commission and outlines the roles of LGUs in solid waste management, particularly the creation and implementation of a 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan. With reducing and recycling wastes at the core of the law, it would seem that the Philippines is set for success in solid waste management. However, latest data shows that as of 2015, only 36% or 545 local government units have complied with all aspects of the legislation. Pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991, certain functions of the National Government are devolved to the Local Government Units such as the enforcement of laws on cleanliness and sanitation and preparation of their respective solid waste management programs.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 7 Organization of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee At the barangay level, enhancement of solid waste management should start with the organization of the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee (BESWMC). The BESWMC is an oversight committee which ensures that the guidelines on proper solid waste management among its residents are being implemented including the implementation of a segregated collection system, establishment of a materials recovery facility and formulation of waste diversion programs to reduce wastes that are sent
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 8 to sanitary landfills. Repulic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991, Section 16 prescribes that “local government units shall ensure and support, among other things, the preservation and enrichment of culture, promote health and safety, enhance the right of the people to a balanced ecology, encourage and support the development of appropriate and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, improve public morals, enhance economic prosperity and social justice, promote full employment among their residents, maintain peace and order, and preserve the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants.” Additionally, the implementing rules and regulations of RA 9003, Rule XI states that barangays shall be responsible for the collection, segregation and recycling of biodegradable, compostable, recyclable and reusable wastes. The Department issued DILG Memorandum Circular 2018-112 informing and reminding local government officials and members of the BESWMC of their functions and responsibilities consistent to the provisions of RA 9003. This is in support to the earlier issuances by the Department relating to the implementation of Republic Act 9003. Under the DILG MC 2018-112, the Punong Barangay is mandated to issue an Executive Order organizing the BESWMC within 60 days upon assumption of office. The committee shall then be composed of different members as outlined in Figure 1.1.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 9 Figure 1.1 | Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee The issuance prescribes all the possible representatives from different sectors that shall form part of the BESWMC. However, in the absence of a certain sector to the barangay, the BESWMC may specify through its executive ordinance its non-applicability to their community. Additionally, the committee may also add representatives from other sectors that they deem fit for the community.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 10 Functions, Roles, and Responsibilities of the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee (BESWMC) The Punong Barangay as the Chairman of the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee shall: 1. Strictly observed the provision of Republic Act No. 9003 and related Department issuances 2. Establish a Material Recovery Facility in the barangay or in a cluster, in a barangay owned and leased land or in any suitable open space to be determined by the Barangay through its Sanggunian 3. Allocate a certain parcel of land or to the cluster barangays for the MRF 4. Initiate information campaigns through public consultation in their respective localities 5. Implement a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management System, enacted through an Ordinance 6. Communicate with the concerned City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer or DENR Regional Office for technical support in the event there is a need to train barangay personnel on comprehensive solid waste management The BESWMC shall perform the following functions and responsibilities: 1. Formulate a community solid waste management program consistent with the city/municipality. a.Identify key issues of the barangay relating to solid waste management b.Implementation of programs, projects and activities addressing the identified key issues of the barangay c.Creation of an action plan for the implementation of the BESWM d.Be responsible for the segregation and collection of solid waste specifically for biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes. 2. Establish within the barangay or cluster of barangays a Material Recovery Facility, a redemption or eco-centers in a barangay owned or lease land
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 11 or any suitable open space to be determined by the Sangguniang Barangay. 3. Allocate funds for the barangay ecological solid waste management program, approved by the Sangguniang Barangay. 4. Organize a Core of Area/Street Coordinators to assist the BESWMC in the implementation of their programs and activities. 5. Conduct training for barangay residents on segregation, composting, recycling and livelihood opportunities from the use of recyclable waste and to monitor their implementation. 6. Integrate the Ecological Solid Waste Management Program in the Barangay Development Plan (BDP) and/or Annual Investment Program (AIP). 7. Find alternative sources of funds other than the barangay budget. 8. Submit a month report to the City/Municipal ESWMC on the progress of the program, copy furnished City/Municipal DILG Office. 9. Implement policies and plans on the following: a. Education ‐ Develop and disseminate IEC Materials on Solid Waste Management to every household, business establishments and other institutions in the barangay; ‐ Conduct of community training and seminars on ecological solid waste segregation, composting, reduction of waste for disposal and recycling; and ‐ Issuance of community policies that will patronize ecologically friendly products and packaging b. Engineering ‐ Provision of support mechanism for segregated collection; ‐ Setting up of redemption on eco-centers (MRF) within the barangay for non-biodegradable or recyclable materials before selling in bulk to junk shops c. Entrepreneurial ‐ Establish a system of buying and selling of recyclable waste including compost; ‐ Promote livelihood activities from waste materials;
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 12 ‐ Networking with the private/business establishments within the barangay ‐ Microfinancing for livelihood projects from waste. In implementing a sound and effective solid waste management in the barangay, a Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan shall be formulated by the BESWMC thru the leadership of the Punong Barangay.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 13 Environmental - Related Ordinances Section 48 of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 prescribes the prohibited acts relating to solid waste management and puts emphasis on three policies: littering, open dumping and open burning. Based on this, barangays may enact a comprehensive solid waste management ordinance which shall include the prohibition of the said acts and the corresponding fines, penalties and suits.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 14 Littering Considered as one of the most basic barangay ordinances, littering puts emphasis on improper disposal of wastes in public places such as roads, sidewalks and establishments. It is among the most common ordinances enacted at barangays as cleanliness is one of the basic measures of governance at the micro community level. In the imposition of fines and penalties, barangays may be guided by Section 49 of RA 9003 which establishes the range of monetary fines that they can impose on the applicable offense. Image source: www.freepik.com
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 15 Open Dumping Open dumping refers to the improper disposal of wastes in huge quantities whether in public places or private properties. This should be differentiated from littering as it is often the result of improper waste disposal accumulated over time. In prescribing the fines and penalties, the ordinance shall differentiate open dumping from littering and shall also prescribe greater penalty than the latter because of the nature and gravity of the offense. Image source: www.canva.com
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 16 Open Burning Open burning is defined under RA 8749 or the Philippines Clean Air Act, as the thermal destruction of waste by means of direct exposure to fire. In addition, Section 49 of Republic Act 9003 prohibits open burning of solid wastes which are defined as “all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/nontoxic solid waste.” Similar to open dumping, open burning is prohibited on both public places and private properties such as backyards or idle parcels of land. Image source: www.canva.com
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 17 No Segregation, No Collection Among the key components of solid waste management implementation is the implementation of segregation at source. An effective way to measure compliance of households to segregation at source is the implementation of a no segregation, no collection policy within the barangay. By refusing to collect wastes that are not segregated, households will be forced to practice segregation within their home to avoid having their garbage accumulate.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 18 Enactment of the Barangay Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance After the approval of the comprehensive solid waste management ordinance to the Sangguniang Barangay, the barangay shall follow the process on the Review of Barangay Ordinances by the Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan outlined on Figure 1.2.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 19 Figure 1.2 | Review of Barangay Ordinance by the Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan (Source: Chapter III, Section 57 of the Local Government Code of 1991)
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 20 Formulating a Solid Waste Management Action Plan In order to perform their functions as listed in DILG MC 2018-112, the BESWMC shall formulate a barangay solid waste management action plan. An action plan is defined as a proposed strategy or course of action.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 21 A Barangay Solid Waste Management Action Plan is a document that contains the key issues of the barangay relating to solid waste management, and the corresponding programs, projects and activities that are designed to address the same. The action plan should also include the source of funds, allocated budget, timeline of implementation, and office/person responsible. Figure 1.3 | Steps in crafting a Barangay Solid Waste Management Action Plan
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 22 A. Conduct of Barangay Profiling Drafting an action plan begins with gathering relevant data about the barangay in order to a) assess the resources that the barangay can use in the implementation of its solid waste management plans and programs and b) to identify all possible sources of waste generation within its jurisdiction. The barangay profile shall include: Further, some of the guide questions that can be used in completing this step are: • Who currently implements the solid waste management programs at the barangay? • How often do we collect our wastes? • Do we have existing policies of waste segregation at source? • What facilities or equipment do we currently own? • How many personnel do we have? • Do we need additional training on solid waste management? • What challenges are we experiencing and issues we eed to address in the implementation?
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 23 B. Preparation of the planning framework and action plan After conducting the barangay profiling, the Barangay Solid Waste Management Council shall then formulate the action plan that will address the key issues identified using the resources that it has identified. The framework shall include: C. Endorsement and approval of the plan After the completion of the plan, it shall be endorsed to the Sangguniang Barangay following the process on the review of barangay ordinances, as prescribed by the local government code (see Figure 1.2 of this module). D. Endorsement and approval of the plan The last step prescribes for the monitoring of the programs and its implementation in accordance to the laws and policies related to solid waste management and the evaluation of the programs’ effectiveness.
Module 1 Institutional Arrangement Page 24 All aspects of the action plan should be monitored including the implementation of the PPAs in accordance to the identified timeline and budget allocated. This is to ensure that the goals and objectives identified during the profiling and planning process are being met. Monitoring also constitutes for periodic evaluation of the plan as to whether or not it is still responsive to the needs at the present situation. Monitoring and evaluation follows a cycle, which shall be discussed in detail in module three of this manual.
Module 2: Solid Waste Management Implementation
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 26 Summary The second module of this manual tackles the implementation of solid waste management within the barangay including the major provisions of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003). These provisions are: (a) waste segregation at source, (b) establishment of a segregated collection system, (c) establishment of a functional materials recovery facility and (c) formulation of waste diversion programs.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 27 Waste Segregation at Source Segregation at source refers to a solid waste management practice of separating, at the point of origin, different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal. (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (2000), s.3 (Phil). In this case, the source shall refer to households and commercial establishments which are considered as the primary sources of waste generation. Segregation and collection of solid waste for biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes shall be conducted at the barangay level while the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility of the municipality or city. (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (2000), s.10 (Phil) Image source: www.freepik.com
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 28 Image source: www.freepik.com Classification of Wastes According to a standardized and mandatory guide for Philippine Local Government Units and Solid Waste Management Practitioners based on the Waste Analysis and Characterization System (WACS) Guidelines approved by the National Solid Waste Commission, there are 5 solid waste categories: To successfully implement waste segregation at source, households should be able to identify the following: • biodegradables • recyclables • residuals/Non-recyclable • special wastes • hazardous wastes A. Biodegradables (Nabubulok) Waste that undergoes biological degradation under controlled conditions and can be turned into compost (soil conditioner or organic fertilizer) by mixing them with soil, water, air and biological additives/activators. Examples: food scraps, fish and animal skin & innards, seeds, vegetable & fruit trimmings, soft shells & seafood, tea bags, used paper napkins, egg shells, dry animal manure and grass cuttings.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 29 B. Recyclables (Nareresiklo/Nabebenta) Waste materials that can be retrieved, cleaned and converted into suitable beneficial use or for other purposes. Recyclables should be free from contamination and can still be converted into new products in such manner that the original products may lose their identity. Examples are: newspaper/office paper, metal (aluminum cans for softdrinks and beers, tin cans, steel gutter, pots and pans), plastic (empty bottles used for juices, condiments, plastic monobloc chairs, etc), glass (bottles and jars, broken glass, plates and windows) and PET bottles (polyethylene terephthalate) C. Residual / Non-recyclable (Hindi nareresiklo o nabebenta) Waste materials that cannot be recycled or decomposed shall be considered as residual waste. This type of waste shall be disposed ecologically through a longterm disposal facility or a sanitary landfill. Example: dirty plastic bags, used tissue paper, sanitary napkins, diapers and cotton, foil wrappers and solid polystyrene packaging used in fast food packs and coffee cups, disposable batteries, pens, cotton swabs and spray cans Image source:canva.com
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 30 D. Special Wastes Waste that require treatment prior to disposal and are handled separately from other residential or commercial wastes. Examples: face masks, gloves, tissue, personal protective equipment (PPEs), other healthcare wastes E. Hazardous Wastes Waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment. It is a special type of waste that cannot be disposed of by common means and should only be handled by accredited entities equipped to handle hazardous substances. Hazardous wastes may be found in different physical states such as gaseous, liquids or solids. Examples: paints and thinners, household batteries and lead-acid batteries, spray canisters, oils and tires, bulky wastes such large worn-out broken furniture, consumer electronics which refer to work-out or broken appliances. Image source: rawpixel.com/freepik.com
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 31 Color Coding of Trash Bins Each classification of waste should be disposed in properly labeled and color-coded trash bins. This method provides a uniform identification of each type of waste segregated and shall be necessary in the implementation of a segregated collection system. Figure 2.1 shows the classifications of wastes and their corresponding trash bin colors. Figure 2.1 | Color Coding of Trash Bins Green Blue Black Yellow Red
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 32 Segregated Collection System Next to segregation at source, another key component of effective solid waste management is the implementation of a segregated collection system. In collecting segregated wastes from households or establishments, it is only proper that collection
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 33 should also be done separately per classification of waste. Article 3, Section 24 of RA 9003 prescribes the requirements for the transport of solid waste: “The use of separate collection schedules and/or separate trucks or haulers shall be required for specific types of wastes. Otherwise, vehicles used for the collection and transport of solid wastes shall have the appropriate compartments to facilitate efficient storing of sorted wastes while in transit.” Implementation of a Segregated Collection System For waste segregation at source to be effective, its implementation should be in conjunction with a segregated collection system. A segregated collection system, whether at the household to barangay level or barangay to municipal MRF level, should allot a collection day per type of waste. In implementing a segregated collection system, the barangay can either include its provision on its comprehensive solid waste management ordinance or adopt the city or municipal ordinance on segregation. The ordinance should clearly outline the collection schedule per type of waste, list of collectors/haulers per service area, number of vehicles in service and the corresponding fines and penalties to non-compliance. Republic Act 9003 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations provides the requirements for collection, storage and transport of solid wastes.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 34
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 35 Conduct of Information, Education and Communication Campaigns Prior to implementation, the BESWMC is primarily responsible for promoting the compliance within their jurisdiction through a series of information, education and communication (IEC) campaigns. IEC campaigns should aim to generate awareness among the community regarding the barangays’ policies on collection including the schedules and possible fines and penalties to non-compliance. The barangay may also appoint deputized barangay task forces specifically for the enforcement of its policies on solid waste management.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 36 Functionality of the Materials Recovery Facility A Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) is a solid waste management facility designed to manage household wastes including biodegradables, recyclables and residuals with potential with the primary intention of reducing wastes sent to landfills. The establishment of an MRF in every barangay is another key provision of Republic Act 9003 as prescribed under Chapter III, Section 32:
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 37 “ There shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays. The facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay through its Sanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF.” Components and Operations of a Materials Recovery Facility A Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) is designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable materials in an environmentally-sound manner. The facility accepts materials and separates, processes and stores them for later use as raw materials for remanufacturing and reprocessing. An MRF serves as a primary facility where waste diversion activities are to be determined and conducted. It is also an intermediate processing step between the collection of recyclable materials from waste generators and the sale of recyclable materials to markets for use in making new products. For a facility to be considered as a complete and functional MRF, it should have the following key components: • sorting station, • drop-off center, • composting facility • recycling facility
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 38 Figure 2.2 | Four Key Components of a Materials Recovery Facility Transfer / Sorting Station Upon collection of segregated wastes from households and other sources, the sorting station acts as an area for final sorting to ensure that all collected wastes are properly segregated. All properly segregated wastes shall then be weighed and logged to the MRF Records log book in accordance to their classification.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 39 The sorting station is also where residual wastes with potential are determined and separated for further processing. The resulting wastes are then transferred to the appropriate facility within the MRF; biodegradables are transferred to the composting facility, recyclables and residuals with potential are moved to the recycling area while residuals are transferred to the pick-up point for collection. Drop-off or Pick-up Point The pick-up point serves as the proper storage area for residuals that shall be collected by the city/ municipality or an accredited hauler contracted by the barangay. The same area can also function as a drop-off point for households for their residual wastes, provided that the barangay shall ensure that it is properly segregated. MRF operators shall ensure that only residual wastes are to be stored in this area and should be properly marked using the appropriate trash bin color. Further, this area should have the necessary structural requirements such as concrete flooring and roofing to ensure that residual wastes will not be soiled, which can cause foul odors within the facility.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 40 Composting Area Composting refers to the controlled decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product. (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (2000), Art. 2, s.3 (Phil). As composting areas may produce unpleasant smells which may cause flies and other insect infestation, the area should be properly maintained and secured. The composting area is designed to accommodate household wastes, typically kitchen wastes, that can be composted directly using a pit or turned as soil conditioner. Upon transfer of biodegradable wastes to the composting area, MRF operators can process it further as soil conditioner and sell to potential users like piggeries and poultry owners and other fertilizer producers.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 41 Recycling Area The recycling area acts as storage for recyclables or factory returnables that are to be processed and can either be transformed into new products or sold to manufacturers as raw materials. This area shall be the primary station where all waste diversion programs can be implemented thereby reducing the residual wastes to be collected by the city/municipality and sent to sanitary landfills. To ensure that all recyclables collected in the MRF are sold, the barangay can link up to a junk shop through a Memorandum of Agreement. Alternatively, it can establish a partnership with civil society organizations whose primary interest is in recycling.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 42 Basic Operations of a Barangay Materials Recovery Facility A correct and proper use of a material recovery facility flowchart is important for the use of every barangay/LGU in operating the recovery facility. This contains the first up to the last step to take in handling solid waste from dropped off garbage, to the segregation, processing, disinfecting, recycling up to the delivery/pick up of the junk shop. Figure 2.3 | Materials Recovery Facility Flow Chart