Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 43 Materials Recovery System If the barangay does not have the capacity to construct an MRF due to unavailability of funds or land available, it may opt to implement a materials recovery system (MRS). An MRS is a waste collection system designed to provide a mechanism for the management of recyclable wastes at the barangay level whilst ensuring that biodegradable and residual wastes are handled at the city or municipality level. Similar to an MRF, an MRS should also have a mechanism for day-to-day recording and shall be monitored by the BESWMC. Biodegradable wastes In an MRS, biodegradable wastes shall be managed by the city or municipal MRF including its collection from households. Alternatively, barangays may also teach households backyard composting in order to reduce wastes to be forwarded to the facility for processing. Recyclable wastes To ensure that recyclables are disposed properly, barangays are required to initiate a memorandum of agreement with a junk shop that will accommodate all of its household recyclables such as glass and plastic bottles, cans and paper. Additionally, the barangay can utilize eco-bikes or eco-aides that can conduct collection of all recyclables from households which will then be sold to junk shops. Residual wastes In an MRS, it is the LGU’s responsibility to manage all barangay residual wastes including its collection from households. It is the city or municipality’s discretion whether it will contract an accredited hauler who will collect directly from households or from the central MRF.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 44 Waste Diversion Monitoring the waste stream and the internal and external flow of waste is key to effective waste management. This allows the city or municipality to assess the quantity of wastes that needs to be diverted and design the waste diversion programs that will significantly decrease the amount of residual wastes. Waste diversion also focuses on waste prevention (preventing waste before it is generated, also known as source reduction), recycling, collection and buying or manufacturing products with recycled content. This is where barangays will play a critical role in the achievement of the LGU’s waste diversion targets. Because barangays are closest to the waste generation source, barangay waste diversion programs should be centered on proper collection of wastes and recycling all factory returnables.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 45 Best Practices in Waste Diversion A. Repurposing plastic wastes into ecobricks Ecobricks are plastic bottles filled with used plastics that are used as an alternative to concrete blocks. This waste diversion practice effectively targets two kinds of plastic wastes–PET bottles and foil packaging. This waste diversion activity also does not require machinery and equipment and can potentially be an alternative livelihood program in the locality.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 46 B. Charcoal briquetting and rope production (coconut husk) For barangays that are abundant in coconut husks, an effective waste diversion program is charcoal briquetting. Charcoal briquettes are compacted blocks of charcoal made of coconuts husks and are produced using natural materials. With the use of a briquetting machine, coconut husks are compacted into the machine to form cylindershaped briquette C. Turning biodegradable wastes into soil conditioner Turning kitchen wastes into soil conditioner may be done through traditional composting or rapid composting. With traditional composting, biodegradable wastes are buried in a pit and left to decompose. But with high volume of kitchen wastes being collected, rapid composting can be the next viable option for barangay MRFs. Rapid composting is a composting method done using a machine which reduces the waste volume to a minimum at a significantly shorter duration as compared to traditional composting. The resulting product is then mixed with garden soil as conditioner.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 47 D. Partnership with civil society organizations (CSOs) in managing residual wastes with potential The barangay can link up with civil society organizations whose focus is on recycling or management of residual wastes with potential. Several organizations, typically corporate social responsibility or resource recovery arms, have programs that aim to effectively divert wastes from landfills by repurposing them as raw materials for their processes. The most common type of wastes collected by these organizations are plastic wastes which are in turn, being used as alternative fuels. Their programs include wasteto-cash or waste-to-goods programs that collect wastes from fast moving consumer goods companies and local government units in exchange for cash or goods. Image source: www.bnamericas.com
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 48 Weekly Clean-Up Activity Barangays and local government units (LGUs) along the Manila Bay Watershed Area shall organize weekly clean-up activities to speed up Manila Bay’s restoration, in accordance with the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). According to the former DILG Secretary Eduardo M. Año, President Rodrigo Duterte has made it clear exactly what should be done to rehabilitate Manila Bay, and the weekly clean-up will ensure that this mandate is implemented.
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 49 Through DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2019-09, which was published on January 24, 2019, Año instructs 178 LGUs and 5,714 barangays inside the Manila Bay Watershed Area to fulfill their roles and responsibilities pursuant to environmental regulations that contribute to the restoration of Manila Bay. Section 20 of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 provides that LGUs shall share the responsibility in the management and improvement of water quality within their jurisdictions. Similar to this, the Local Government Code mandates that barangays provide basic services, such as solid waste collection, beautification, and services and facilities connected to hygiene and sanitation. The DILG Secretary mandates in the aforementioned memorandum that LGUs and barangays organize weekly clean-up campaigns in their communities, including but not limited to coastal areas and/or inland water systems. Former President Duterte ordered the DILG to coordinate efforts with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and other national government agencies to start cleaning the Manila Bay. Basic services, such as those relating to general hygiene and sanitation, Image source: Official Website of Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Module 2 Solid Waste Management Implementation Page 50 beautification, and solid waste collection, are mandated for barangays to conduct. The local government units located within the Manila Bay watershed area are required to organize clean-up efforts that are undertaken in places like their local inland waterways and/or coastal locations. Former DILG Secretary Año also emphasized the importance of barangays and their authorities in DILG Memorandum 2019-07 in order to put an end to the decade-long problem of pollution in the waters of Manila Bay. As stated in the memorandum, Punong Barangays must ensure that all barangay officials and employees shall take part in cleanup efforts, ensure proper waste reduction, collection, and disposal processes are followed at all times. To promote public awareness, activities are urged to be documented through social media posts using these suggested hashtags: #MBCleanUp, #MBCleanUp(Barangay Name), and #SaveManilaBay Roles of Cities, Municipalities, and Barangays a. All 178 Cities and Municipalities, as well as all 5,714 Barangays in the Manila Bay Watershed Area, shall organize a clean-up drive that will be conducted in areas like, but not limited to, coastal areas and/or inland water systems in their respective communities every Saturday of the week b. LGUs may organize a network of volunteers, non-government groups, civil society organizations, academia, and others to encourage participation from different stakeholders in the conduct of the clean-up drives. c. All concerned barangays shall submit a post-activity report on the conducted clean-up drive to their City/Municipality Environment and Natural Resources Officer or equivalent every Tuesday of the succeeding week. Suspension of Weekly Clean – Up The mandatory clean-up may be suspended in the event that a regular or special non-working holiday falls on a Saturday. However, LGUs and Barangays may still conduct the clean-up on a different day of the week, or to still push through with it.
Module 3: Monitoring and Evaluation
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 52 Summary The third module of this manual will discuss the importance of the monitoring and evaluation of projects and programs of barangays relating to solid waste management. It also includes a refresher on the proper accomplishment and submission of reports through the Manila Bayanihan Online Data Capture Forms and the conduct of Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 53 Introduction to Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring is the systematic and routine collection of information from projects and programmes to learn from experiences to improve practices and activities in the future as well as to have internal and external accountability of the resources used and the results obtained. Monitoring allows results, processes and experiences to be documented and used as a basis for evaluation.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 54 Evaluation is assessing, as systematically and objectively possible, a completed project or programme. Evaluations appraise data and information that inform strategic decisions, thus improving the project or programme in the future. Therefore, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is a combination of data collection and analysis, as well as determining whether or not a program has reached its objectives. M&E is ideally understood as a dialogue on development and its progress between all stakeholders. A well-functioning M&E system is a critical part of good project or program management and accountability. While you implement activities as indicated in your action plan, it is important to have regular monitoring and evaluation. Timely and reliable M&E provides information to: • Support project/program implementation with accurate, evidence based reporting. • Contribute to organizational learning and knowledge sharing by reflecting upon and sharing experiences and lessons learned. • Uphold accountability and compliance with established standards. • Provide opportunities for stakeholder feedback, especially beneficiaries, to provide input into and perceptions of our work, modeling openness to criticism, and willingness to learn from experiences and to adapt to changing needs. • Promote and celebrate our work by highlighting our accomplishments and achievements.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 55 Monitoring and Evaluation Cycle The monitoring and evaluation cycle’s sequence of activities are not always performed in the same order. However, one way to always produce or develop an effective way of learning is to gain the ability to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate your learning. Planning is a crucial first step in the M&E Cycle since it helps us identify those things that can help us achieve our goal and those factors that might obstruct our goalachievement and determine what can be done about them. The two main considerations— deciding what you need to learn and how you will get it—should be taken into account while making your plans.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 56 However, without the execution of those plans, you won’t get anywhere. Implementing an idea is how you start your journey to accomplishing your objectives and ultimately arrive at your destination. In order to accomplish strategic objectives and goals, implementation entails translating plans and strategies into concrete activities. The tactical strategy for carrying out the strategic initiative is created during the implementation stage. The effectiveness of your entire strategic plan is therefore greatly influenced by it. Monitoring is conducted so as to assess the relevance of the project and the progress that has been made towards the achievement of the objectives that have been planned. Through this, modifications are made to ensure that the project’s objectives are achieved within the required time frame. It also provide opportunities that are necessary in ascertaining project’s objectives that are still in line with needs of the community (Mackay, 2010) Evaluation, on the other hand, gives information to the project’s reasons for succeeding or failing to achieve its targets and goals. Based on the evaluation’s objective, it may evaluate various aspects, including impact, efficacy, cost-efficiency, and attainment of planned aims, sustainability, or both. Evaluations address the following: • “Why” inquiries - what led to monitoring the changes; • “How” inquiries - what was the sequence or procedure that led to questions about compliance and responsibility. It is obvious that the requirement for thorough impact evaluation has consequences for the M&E cycles, and is most likely to be satisfied if the undertaking and related M&E cycle was created from the beginning with this rigor in mind.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 57 Monitoring and Evaluation in relation to MBCRPP
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 58 The Barangay Solid Waste Management (BSWM) Action Plan should be the initial planning stage of the M&E Cycle. A BSWM action plan is a document that contains the key issues of the barangay relating to solid waste management, and the corresponding programs, projects and activities that are designed to address the same. The action plan should also include the source of funds, allocated budget, timeline of implementation, and office/person responsible. Also, it will act as the barangay’s objective and vision for delivering the highest level of service to its residents. Whereas, complete adherence to the R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 should be maintained throughout the implementation of this action plan. Through the implementation stage, the barangay should also intensify their roles in the segregation and collection of solid waste. Monitoring of compliance to the laws and policies related to solid waste management and the continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities are done through a variety of resources developed by the MBCRPP Program Management Team.
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 59 Manila BAYanihan Data Capture Form 2.2
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 60 The MBCRPP, together with other government agencies included in the mandamus order, developed Data Capture Forms (DCF) which are continuously being utilized to regularly monitor the status and compliance of LGUs and Barangays to pertinent laws on liquid waste management, solid waste management, and the management of informal settler families. Specifically, the MB-DCF Form 2.2 was formulated for the barangays to monitor the following: • Existence of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee • Mandatory Waste Segregation at Source • Segregated Collection of Waste • Functional Materials Recovery Facility • Waste Generation & Waste Diversion • No Littering and related ordinances
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 61 Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit
Module 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 62 Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit or BECA was developed by DILG Regional Office III to evaluate the compliance of barangays to the pertinent provisions of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) that supports the rehabilitation of Manila Bay. Through BECA, the DILG shall recognize the barangays that have shown exemplary performance on the implementation of their mandates and responsibilities under the abovementioned law. Through this incentive program, the BECA encourages the barangay to develop innovative strategies in solid waste management. The audit focused on the Barangay Organizational Capacity, Implementation of Policies on Solid Waste Management, Functionality of the Barangay Material Recovery Facility and Imposition/Implementation of policies in relation to the implementation of Republic Act No. 9003.
Annex
. ANNEX __: SAMPLE TEMPLATE ENACTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORDINANCE BARANGAY ORDINANCE No.___ (Series of____) BARANGAY ORDINANCE ON ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WHEREAS, the Barangay___________ is committed to the protection, preservation and conservation of the ecosystem; WHEREAS, it is the responsibility of the barangay to effectively and efficiently implement the Solid Waste Management System under Republic Act No. 9003 in its territorial jurisdictions; WHEREAS, Section 16 of the local Government Code (RA 7160) also provides: “SEC. 16. General Welfare. - Every local government unit shall Exercise the powers expressly granted, those necessarily implied therefrom, as well as powers necessary, appropriate, or incidental for its efficient and effective governance, and those which are essential to the promotion of the general welfare within their respective territorial jurisdictions, local government units shall ensure and support, among other things. . . .promote health and safety, enhance the right of the people to a balanced ecology, maintain peace and order, and preserve the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants.” WHEREAS, the unsystematic waste disposal by households and commercial/industry establishments cause unsightly surroundings and spread of communicable diseases; Sample Ordinance Template Download full template at: https://bit.ly/Sample-Ordinance-Template 64
BSWM Action Plan Template I. Barangay Profile A. Barangay Name: B. Municipality/City: C. Province: D. Barangay Vision: E. Land Area (has): F. Number of School, Residential Units, Market, Healthcare Facilities and Commercial Establishments Number of Residential Units Number of School a. Day care 6 b. Elementary 2 - Public 1 - Private 2 c. High School 1 - Public 0 - Private 1 d. College 0 - Public 0 - Private 0 Number of Market 0 Number of Healthcare Facilities 1 a. Hospitals 0 b. Clinics 1 c. Health Centers 1 Number of Commercial Establishments 2 a. Bank 3 b. Bakery 1 c. Gasoline Station 5 d. Pharmacy/ Drugstore 4 c. Groceries and Sari-sari Stores 4 e. Hotel 1 f. Construction Supply 7 g. Carwash 3 h. Barber/ Beauty shop 8 Download full template at: https://bit.ly/BSWM-Action-Plan-Template 65
VI References Local Government Code of 1991, (1991). Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/10/10/republic-act-no-7160/ Republic Act No. 9003 | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s2001/#:~:text=AN%20ACT%20PROVIDING%20FOR%20AN Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (2001). Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. 9003. DAO 2001-34. Retrieved from: https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/DAO-2001-34.pdf Department of the Interior and Local Government. (2018). Organization and Reorganization of the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee. MC 2018-112. Retrieved from: https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular-2018712_ de64dcbc8a.pdf Department of the Interior and Local Government. (1996). Enjoining all Provinces, Cities, Municipalities and Barangays to adopt a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management. MC 1996-119. Department of the Interior and Local Government. (2009). Strict Implementation of Sections 17(H) and 32 of Republic Act No. 9003, Known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. MC No. 2009-168. Retrieved from: https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/MC2009-168.pdf National Solid Waste Management Commission. (2020). Adopting the Interim on the Management of COVID-19 -related Healthcare Waste. NSWMC Resolution No. 1364, S. 2020. Retrieved from: https://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2020-NSWMC-Reso-1364- series-of-2020.pdf National Solid Waste Management Commission. (2021). Resolution enjoining all national government agencies to provide yellow bins in their respective premises for the proper storage of household health care wastes and to coordinate with their respective local government units for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of such wastes. NSWMC Resolution No. 1429, S. 2021. Retrieved from: https://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-NSWMC-RESO-NO.-1429- series-of-2021-Yellow-Bins-and-Bags-for-Household-Health-Care-Wastes.pdf Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (n.d.). Waste Segregation Advisory. Retrieved from: https://emb.gov.ph/waste-segregation-advisory/ EcoGov Project 2011. Waste Analysis and Characterization Study – A Manual. Philippine Environmental Governance Project, Pasig City, Philippines. (2011). Retrieved from: https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Publication%20Files/Waste%20Analysis%20 and%20Characterization%20Study_A%20Manual.pdf Republic Cement achieves plastic neutrality, offers co-processing solution for organizations. (n.d.). Philstar. com. Retrieved from: https://www.philstar.com/business/biz-memos/2022/08/31/2205251/republic-cementachieves-plastic-neutrality-offers-co-processing-solution-organizations Why Are People Using Coconut Charcoal Briquettes? (n.d.). Cocoproduce. Retrieved from: https://www.cocoproduce.com/why-people-use-briquettes.html