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100
RIWAYAT PENULIS
Ashadi, lahir 25 Pebruari 1966, di Cepu, Jawa Tengah.
Pendidikan terakhir: sedang menempuh S3 Arsitektur di
Unpar. Ia aktif sebagai dosen di Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (FT-
UMJ), sejak tahun 1993. Jabatan Struktural yang pernah
dan sedang diemban yakni: Kepala Laboratorium
Arsitektur FT-UMJ (1996-2000); Ketua Program Studi
Arsitektur FT-UMJ (2000-2004 dan 2015-sekarang); Wakil
Dekan FT-UMJ (2004-2006); Kepala Pusat Afiliasi, Kajian
dan Riset Teknologi FT-UMJ (2007-2011); Kepala Lembaga
Pengembangan Bisnis FT-UMJ (2011-2015). Kegiatan
ilmiah yang pernah dan sedang dilakukan: Penelitian
Hibah Bersaing DIKTI, publikasi jurnal nasional maupun
internasional, dan presentasi ilmiah pada forum-forum
seminar skala nasional maupun internasional. Jabatan
Fungsional Dosen terakhir: Lektor Kepala.
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Ada 3 peradaban awal
manusia di muka bumi
ini, yaitu Peradaban
Sumeria, Mesir dan
India. Ketiga peradaban
ini menunjukkan kepada
kita bagaimana puncak-
puncak kebudayaan dan
arsitektur awal muncul.
Buku ini dilengkapi
banyak gambar, sehingga
sangat memudahkan
dalam memahami
peradaban dan arsitektur
Dunia Kuno tersebut.
Ashadi, lahir 25 Pebruari 1966, di Cepu, Jawa Tengah. Pendidikan
terakhir: sedang menempuh S3 Arsitektur di Unpar. Ia aktif
sebagai dosen di Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (FT-UMJ), sejak tahun 1993.
Jabatan Struktural yang pernah dan sedang diemban yakni:
Kepala Laboratorium Arsitektur FT-UMJ (1996-2000); Ketua
Program Studi Arsitektur FT-UMJ (2000-2004 dan 2015-sekarang);
Wakil Dekan FT-UMJ (2004-2006); Kepala Pusat Afiliasi, Kajian
dan Riset Teknologi FT-UMJ (2007-2011); Kepala Lembaga
Pengembangan Bisnis FT-UMJ (2011-2015). Kegiatan ilmiah yang
pernah dan sedang dilakukan: Penelitian Hibah Bersaing DIKTI,
publikasi jurnal nasional maupun internasional, dan presentasi
ilmiah pada forum-forum seminar skala nasional maupun
internasional. Jabatan Fungsional Dosen terakhir: Lektor Kepala.