TENSES MADE EASY

Made Easy

Let's learn and have fun!

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES

WE AIM TO....

AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1 2 3

Understand the different Construct simple Apply the accurate verb
types of tenses and their sentences using various tenses according to the
verb tenses with minor
usage. situation.
grammatical errors.

GENERAL RULES REMEMBER!!!


1) Singular Subject is 3) Special Subject
was The verb must
He -s/ -es/ ies I agree with the
she
subject
It
Anna am
was
Ali verb in base form

2) Plural Subject you are
were
They verb in base form
We
The boys are
The girls were
verb in base form

Table of Contents

TYPES OF TENSES

PRESENT PAST PRESENT
PERFECT

PAST FUTURE
PERFECT

PRESENT TENSE 03

01 02

WHAT IS PRESENT SIMPLE?

C
O
N STRUCTURE
T
E
N WHEN TO USE PRESENT SIMPLE?
T

TRY ME!

PRESENT SIMPLE pay attention to:
every day, usually,
WHAT IS PRESENT SIMPLE? sometimes, at the moment,

Grammatical tense that indicates a situation or event in the now, etc
present time.

(menunjukkan situasi atau kejadian yang berlaku pada masa sekarang)

it is used to show an action or state happens at the current
moment

(perbuatan atau keadaan yang berlaku pada masa sekarang)

EXAMPLES REMEMBER!!!



The verb must
agree with the

subject

1 Sarah reads storybooks every 2 The kids always play together 3 Lucy eats cereal for

night. after school. breakfast before going to

(Sarah membaca buku cerita setiap (Kanak-kanak itu sentiasa bermain school.
malam). bersama selepas waktu
persekolahan). (Lucy makan bijirin untuk sarapan
sebelum pergi ke sekolah).

STRUCTURE -es for verbs end with sibilant
sound e.g. miss (misses), catch
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE (catches)

1) Singular subject + singular verb (+s/es/ies) -ies for most verbs end with
e.g.: She goes to the market everyday. consonant and 'y' e.g. carry
(carries) , fry (fries)
(Dia pergi ke pasar setiap hari.)
2) Plural subject + verb (base form) -s for other verbs end with
e.g.: They go to the park every weekend. consonant e.g. work (works) &
verbs end with vowel and 'y' e.g.
(Mereka pergi ke taman setiap hujung minggu.) pay (pays), buy (buys)

STRUCTURE WRITING TIPS!

NEGATIVE SENTENCE :- does not and do not can be
contracted into:
1) Singular subject + does + not + verb (base form)
e.g.: She does not go to the market everyday. does not= doesn't
do not= don't
(Dia tidak pergi ke pasar setiap hari.)

2) Plural subject + do + not + verb (base form)
e.g.: They do not go to the park every weekend.

(Mereka tidak pergi ke taman setiap hujung minggu.)

WHEN TO USE PRESENT SIMPLE

FACTS & PERMANENT FAKTA & SITUASI
SITUATIONS KEKAL

1) I study at Meisa Highschool.

Saya belajar di Meisa Highschool.

2) Hanan works at YG Entertainment.

Hanan bekerja di YG Entertainment.

HABITS & ROUTINES TABIAT & RUTIN

1) They always come to school late.

Mereka selalu hadir lewat ke sekolah.

2) Qila never skips Grammar class.

Qila tidak pernah ponteng kelas subjek Tatabahasa

WHEN TO USE PRESENT SIMPLE

GENERAL TRUTHS KEBENARAN UMUM

1) Water boils at 100'C.

Air mendidih pada suhu 100 darjah Celcius.

2) The sun rises in the East.

Matahari terbit dari sebelah timur.

TIMETABLE & PERANCANGAN
PROGRAMMES

(FUTURE)

1) Izzan plans to visit her mother tonight.

Izzan merancang untuk melawat ibunya pada
malam ini.

2) John's flight departs at 3 p.m.

Penerbangan John berlepas pada jam 3 petang.

WHEN TO USE PRESENT SIMPLE

REVIEW, STORY, SPORT CERITA, KOMEN &
COMMENTARIES MAKLUM BALAS

1) Edna writes a story about a successful
entrepreneur for the writing contest.

Edna mengarang kisah tentang seorang
usahawan berjaya untuk pertandingan menulis.

LET'S PRACTICE!

Here is a set of questions for you to try out to measure your
understanding of Present Simple Tense. You can either....

Click this link: or Scan the QR Code

https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/eL-
kcdwK-iQAFB7-owgAAA/EDKG5EL/present-
simple?teacher_id=5765541784977408

WHAT IS PRESENT EXAMPLES OF PRESENT C
CONTINUOUS? CONTINUOUS O
N
FUNCTIONS OF VERBS' SPELLINGS IN T
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS E
N
SENTENCE FORMS OF TRY ME! T
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
STATIVE VERBS

What is Present Continuous?

Have you ever seen any verb that has -ing in it?
For example: I am singing.
From the sentence, we can see the verb, 'sing' has -ing in
the ending. In addition, before the verb 'singing', there is
a be-verb 'am' which is used for the subject, "I". In
conclusion, this sentence is in Present Continuous tense.

Apakah 'Present Continuous?'

Pernahkah anda melihat kata kerja yang mengandungi
-ing?
Sebagai contoh: I am singing.
Dari ayat ini, kita boleh melihat bahawa kata kerja
'sing' mengandungi -ing pada hujungnya. Tambahan
pula, sebelum kata kerja 'singing', terdapat 'be-verb'
iaitu 'am' yang digunakan bagi subjek 'I.
Kesimpulannya, ayat ini di dalam 'Present Continuous
tense'

:EXAMPLES The female singer is The genius scientist is
singing right now. doing an experiment now.
CONTOH-CONTO



(Penyanyi wanita itu sedang (Saintis genius itu sedang
menjalankan eksperimen
menyanyi sekarang.)
sekarang.)
H:
The children are running
TIP: at the moment.

add markers

like now, right now or at the (Kanak-kanak itu sedang berlari pada
moment to show that the action
waktu ini.)
is progressing.



(tambahkan penanda-penanda
seperti 'now', 'right now' or 'at the

moment' untuk menunjukkan
perbuatan itu sedang
berlangsung.)

Functions of Present Continuous

(Kegunaan-kegunaan 'Present Continuous'?)

1. Actions happening at the same time 2. Temporary or changing situations
speaking (Situasi yang sementara atau
berubah-ubah)
(perbuatan-perbuatan yang berlaku pada
masa yang sama ketika sedang bercakap)

3. Annoying habits 4. Plans and arrangements (future)
(Tabiat-tabiat yang tidak (Pelan-pelan dan aturan-aturan
(masa depan))
menyenangkan)

"The man is 1. Actions happening at the
raising his hand same time speaking

right now." (perbuatan-perbuatan yang
"Lelaki itu berlaku pada masa yang sama
sedang
ketika sedang bercakap)
mengangkat
tangannya
sekarang."

"I am sorry, I "Maafkan saya.
am feeling Saya sedang
dizzy at the berasa pening
moment."
pada waktu ini."

2. Temporary or changing "How long are you "I am staying at my
situations going to stay at grandparents'

(Situasi yang sementara atau your grandparents' house only for this
berubah-ubah) house?" weekend."

"Berapa lamakah "Saya akan tinggal di
awak akan tinggal di rumah datuk dan
nenek saya hanya
rumah datuk dan
nenek awak?" untuk hujung minggu
ini."

"My colleagues are 3. Annoying habits
always gossiping." (tabiat-tabiat yang tidak

"Rakan-rakan menyenangkan)
sekerja saya selalu

bergosip."

4. Plans and arrangements "Nuha, what are "Next Monday, I am
(future) you planning to do travelling to

(Pelan-pelan dan aturan-aturan next Monday? Singapore to meet
(masa depan)) my relatives."


"Nuha, apakah yang "Pada Isnin
sedang kamu hadapan, saya
rancang untuk akan pergi ke
Singapura untuk
lakukan pada Isnin
hadapan?" berjumpa
saudara-mara

saya."

Remove last letter + ing Verbs' spellings in Base form of verb + -ing
Present Continuous
(Buang huruf terakhir + ing) (Ejaan asal kata kerja + ing)
(Ejaan-ejaan kata-kata kerja
e.g: dalam 'Present Continuous') e.g:
1) drive + ing = driving 1) cook + ing = cooking
2) bake + ing = baking 2) cry + ing = crying

Double last letter + ing

(Gandakan huruf terakhir sebanyak dua kali + ing)

e.g:
1) hug + ing = hugging
2) bug + ing = bugging

Sentence forms of Present Continuous

(Bentuk-bentuk ayat Present Continuous')

Bentuk-bentuk Forms I Singular subject Plural subject
(He/She/It) (You/We/They)

Mengiakan Affirmative I am eating. He/She/It is eating. You/We/They are eating.
Negatif Negative I am not eating. He/She/It is not eating. You/We/They are not eating.

Soalan Question Am I eating? Is he/she/it eating? Are you/we/they eating?

Jawapan- Short answers Yes, I am. Yes, he/she/it is. Yes, you/we/they are.
jawapan No, I am not. No, he/she/it isn't. (is not) No, you/we/they aren't. (are not)
pendek

GAME TIME!

you can click or scan this QR code
this link: to play on your phone!

https://wordwall.net/
play/34447/558/670

Stative Verbs that describe states instead of actions.
Verbs
(Kata-kata kerja yang menggambarkan keadaan-keadaan dan bukan
What are perbuatan-perbuatan. )
stative verbs?
- Stative verbs cannot be used in continuous tense.
(Apakah 'stative (Stative verbs tidak boleh digunakan dalam 'continuous tense'.)
verbs'?)
- Let's take a look at these two verbs:
(Mari lihat kedua-dua kata kerja ini:)

run - action verb (involves movement) (melibatkan perbuatan)
love - stative verb (involves only feeling) (hanya melibatkan
perasaan)

Some common stative verbs:

(Beberapa 'stative verbs' yang biasa ditemui)

Verbs of the senses smell, hear, taste, see, feel, look etc


(Kata-kata kerja tentang
deria-deria) e.g: The food tastes delicious!
(Makanan itu mempunyai rasa yang sedap!)

Verbs of thinking remember, believe, understand, know, think etc

(Kata-kata kerja tentang e.g: I remember you.
pemikiran) (Saya ingat kamu.)

Some common stative verbs:

(Beberapa 'stative verbs' yang biasa ditemui)

Verbs of emotion love, like, hate, dislike, adore, enjoy etc


(Kata-kata kerja tentang
emosi) e.g: The man loves his wife wholeheartedly.
(Lelaki itu mencintai isterinya dengan sepenuh
Other verbs
hati.)
(Kata-kata kerja lain)
belong, be, seem, appear, own, need, weigh etc

e.g: They seem exhausted.
(Mereka kelihatan penat.)

However, some stative verbs can also be action verbs. We can use
them in continuous tense if they are action verbs.

(Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa 'stative verbs' juga boleh menjadi 'action verbs'. Kita boleh
menggunakan mereka dalam 'continuous tense' jika mereka ialah 'action verbs'.)

Crystal is tasting the food. shows the action of
'tasting'
(Crystal sedang merasa makanan tersebut.)
(menunjukkan
The food tastes delicious. perbuatan merasa)

(Makanan tersebut mempunyai rasa yang sedap.)


shows the taste of
the food

(menunjukkan rasa
makanan tersebut)

PAST TENSE 02

01

WHAT IS PAST SIMPLE?

C
O
N STRUCTURE
T
E
N WHEN TO USE PAST SIMPLE?
T

TRY ME!

PAST SIMPLE

In general, it is used to talk about a
completed action that happened at a
specific time in the past.

Secara umum, ia digunakan untuk bercakap
tentang perbuatan yang telah selesai yang
berlaku pada masa tertentu pada masa lalu.

STRUCTURE

TO BE VERB

SUBJECT + WAS/WERE SUBJECT + VERB -ed
SUBJECT + WAS NOT/WERE NOT
SUBJECT + DID NOT+ VERB
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE (BASE FORM)

DID + SUBJECT + VERB
(BASE FORM)

PAST SIMPLE

An event that started and finished at a stated time in the past.

Peristiwa yang bermula dan tamat pada masa yang dinAyadtdakinanstpruadcatiomnassaorlalu.
They investigated that crime two years ago.
guidelines here. You can
Mereka telah menyiasat jenayah itu dua tahun lalu. also put in the amount of

Past routines and habit. time allotted for this.

Rutin dan tabiat masa lalu.

The archaeologist often visited Egypt.
Ahli arkeologi sering melawat Mesir.

Past actions which won't happen again.

Tindakan masa lalu yang tidak akan berlaku lagi.

Homer wrote many stories about the ancient Greeks.
Homer menulis banyak cerita tentang orang Yunani kuno.

PAST SIMPLE

Situations okreasdtaaatnesyawnghibcehnawr epraedatrmuaesainlatlhu,etpetaaspAti,dtbdiduaitnksnltaorguilcobtnieongnaesrr. otrrue.

Situasi atau guidelines here. You can

Tony believed in ghosts when he was a child. also put in the amount of
Tony percaya pada hantu semasa dia kecil. time allotted for this.

Actions that happened one after the other in the past, for example when

telling a story.

Perbuatan yang berlaku satu demi satu pada masa lalu, contohnya ketika bercerita.

Dean opened the door of the haunted house, went inside and walked slowly up
the stairs.
Dean membuka pintu rumah hantu itu, masuk ke dalam dan berjalan perlahan-
lahan menaiki tangga.

IRREGULAR VERBS

It is a verb is any one that does not follow the standard rule of making a
verb past tense.

Ini ialah kata kerja yang tidak mengikut peraturan standard untuk membuat kata kerja lampau.

STANDARD RULE: to add "-ed" to a verb to make it past tense.

REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

want wanted begin began
roll rolled write wrote
accept accepted drink drank
call called
get got

TRY ME! Click on the link OR scan the QR code
to test your understanding on this tense!

https://wordwall.net/resource/34527884

WHAT IS PAST CONTINUOUS?

C
O
N STRUCTURE
T
E WHEN TO USE
N PAST CONTINUOUS?
T

TRY ME!

PAST CONTINUOUS indicator:
there is stated time in
WHAT IS PAST CONTINUOUS?
the past
Grammatical tense that indicates actions or events that were e.g.: 3 o'clock yesterday.
in progress at a stated time in the past


(tense yang menunjukkan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlaku pada
masa yang dinyatakan masa lampau)

The actions occurred starting in the past and were still going
on when another event occurred.

(perbuatan telah berlaku pada masa lampau dan masih berterusan apabila peristiwa
lain berlaku)

EXAMPLES REMEMBER!!!



The verb must
agree with the

subject

1 Harris and Anna were playing 2 Suzy was sleeping when the 3 I was watching movies while
alarm rang.
in the playground at 3 o'clock drinking a cup of hot chocolate.
yesterday. (Suzy sedang tidur semasa penggera
berbunyi.) (Saya sedang menonton cerita sambil
(Harris dan Anna sedang bermain di meminum secawan coklat panas.)
taman permainan ketika jam 3
petang semalam.)

STRUCTURE while
- is used when there are two
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE continuous actions happen at
the same time.
1) Singular subject + was + verb + ing (present participle)
e.g.: He was playing in the playground at 3 O'clock yesterday when the when
burglar entered the house. - action that usually interrupts
another action or happens
Dia sedang bermain di taman pada jam 3 petang semalam apabila perompak slightly after the first action.
memasuki rumah tersebut.

2) Plural subject + were + verb + ing (present participle)
e.g.: The boys were playing football while the girls were playing netball.
Pelajar lelaki sedang bermain bola sepak manakala pelajar perempuan
bermain bola jaring.

STRUCTURE WRITING TIPS!

NEGATIVE SENTENCE :- was not and were not can be
contracted into:
1) Singular subject + was + not + verb + ing
e.g.: He was not playing in the playground at 3 O'clock yesterday. was not= wasn't
were not= weren't
Dia tidak bermain di taman permainan pada jam 3 petang semalam.

2) Plural subject + were + not + verb + ing
e.g.: They were not playing in the playground at 3 O'clock yesterday.

Mereka tidak bermain di taman permainan pada jam 3 petang semalam.

STRUCTURE Was / Were?

it must be based on the
subject (doer of the action)

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

1) Was + singular subject +verb + ing (present participle)
e.g.: Was he playing in the playground at 3 O'clock yesterday?

Adakah dia sedang bermain di taman permainan pada jam 3 petang
semalam?

2) were + plural subject + verb + ing (present participle)
e.g.: Were the boys playing football at 6 p.m. yesterday?

Adakah budak-budak lelaki itu sedang bermain bola sepak pada jam 6
petang semalam?

ACTIONS THAT WERE IN


PROGRESS AT A STATED TIME
IN THE PAST

Amira was reading novel at 10 o'clock last night.

Amira telah sedang membaca novel pada jam 10 semalam.

The students were singing national anthem at 9 a.m. last
Sunday during the weekly assembly.

Para pelajar telah sedang menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan pada jam 9
pagi Ahad lalu semasa perhimpunan mingguan.

TWO OR MORE ACTIONS THAT


WERE IN PROGRESS AT THE SAME
TIME IN THE PAST

I was cooking while my sister was doing laundry.

Saya sedang memasak manakala kakak saya sedang mencuci
pakaian.

Amirah was watching movie in the living room while her
brother was playing video games.

Amirah sedang menonton cerita di ruang tamu sambil abangnya
sedang bermain permainan video.

INFGOIRVMINAGTIBOANC
KINGRAOSUTNODRY

The sun was shining brightly that morning and Alea was walking to
school.

Matahari bersinar terang pada pagi itu dan Alea sedang berjalan
menuju ke sekolah.

It was 7 in the morning, the rain was pouring down, soaking the
pedestrians.

Pada jam 7 tujuh pagi itu, hujan turun dengan lebat, membasahi
pejalan kaki.

AN ACTION THAT WAS IN PROGRESS

THAT WAS INTERRUPTED BY ANOTHER

She was talking to her husband when the bell rang.
Dia sedang berbual-bual dengan suaminya apabila loceng telah
berdering.

Zhara was walking when she saw a burglar ransacked her
neighbour's house.
Zhara sedang berjalan apabila dia melihat seorang perompak
telah memecah masuk rumah jirannya.

Let's Practice!