TENSES MADE EASY

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PRESENT
PERFECT PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS

WHAT IS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE?

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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

WHAT IS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE?

Present perfect simple is used to refer to events in the past
but which connect to the present.

('Present perfect simple' digunakan bagi merujuk peristiwa-peristiwa pada masa
lalu tetapi berhubung kait dengan masa kini.)

It expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped
recently, but has an influence on the present. Besides, it also
puts emphasis on the result.

(Menggambarkan perbuatan yang sedang berlaku atau baru sahaja dihentikan
atau mempengaruhi masa kini. Selain itu, memberikan tumpuan kepada
keputusan.)

STRUCTURE OF

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

  Positive
Negative Question

I / you / we / they I have eaten. I have not eaten. Have I eaten?

he / she / it He has eaten. He has not eaten. Has he eaten?

Use of Present Perfect Simple

puts emphasis on the result She has written five poems.

(memberi tumpuan kepada keputusan) Dia telah menulis lima puisi.

action that is still going on Movie has not started yet.

(perbuatan yang sedang berlaku) Cerita masih belum mula.

action that stopped Mum has cooked lunch.
recently
Emak sudah masak makanan tengahari.
(perbuatan yang baru sahaja dihentikan)

Use of Present Perfect Simple

finished action that has an I have lost my notebook.
influence on the present
Buku nota saya telah hilang.

(perbuatan yang telah berlaku serta mempengaruhi masa kini)

action that has taken place I have never been to Korea.
once, never or several times
before the moment of Saya tidak pernah pergi ke Korea.
speaking

(perbuatan yang telah berlaku sekali, tidak pernah berlaku atau
berlaku beberapa kali sebelum bercakap)

TRY ME! Click on the link OR scan the QR code
to test your understanding on this tense!

https://wordwall.net/resource/34513729

WHAT IS PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS?
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PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

GENERAL OVERVIEW IMPORTANT

Present Perfect Continuous Do not focus on whether the event
focuses on event or action itself or action has finish or not.
or how long those has been
happening. (Jangan tumpukan samada perbuatan atau
perkara itu sudah tamat atau tidak)
(Present Perfect Continuous berfokus

kepada perbuatan atau perkara itu atau
Present perfect continuous also
tempoh sepanjang perbuatan atau known as present perfect
perkara itu telah berlaku.) progressive.


(Present perfect continuous juga diketahui
sebagai present perfect progressive.)

STRUCTURES

STATEMENT 1) Singular subject + has + been + verb + ing + *(since / for)
e.g.: Selena has been waiting here for 3 hours.
Selena telah menunggu disini selama 3 jam.

NOTES 2) Plural subject + have + been + verb + ing + *(since / for)

e.g.: The boys have been playing soccer.
Sekumpulan budak lelaki telah bermain bola sepak.
verb + ing is also known
as *Since & For is optional as it is mostly used to indicate the time
reference for an event/action that has completed recently.
"present participle"
(*Since & For tidak diwajibkan kerana ia selalu digunakan untuk menunjuk
rujukan masa untuk perbuatan atau perkara yang baru tamat.)

STRUCTURES

POSTIVE/NEGATIVE 1) Singular subject + has + not + been + verb + ing + *(since / for)
SENTENCE e.g.: Alia has not been attending her tuition since yesterday.
Alia tidak hadir ke kelas tambahannya sejak semalam.

NOTES 2) Plural subject + have + not + been + verb + ing + *(since / for)

e.g.: They have not been focusing for 3 hours.
Mereka telah tidak fokus selama 3 jam.
verb + ing is also known
as *Since & For is optional as it is mostly indicate the time reference for
an event/action that has completed recently.
"present participle"
(*Since & For tidak diwajibkan kerana ia selalu digunakan untuk menunjuk rujukan
masa untuk perbuatan atau perkara yang baru tamat.)

STRUCTURES

INTERROGATIVE 1) Wh-word + have/has + subject + been + verb + ing
SENTENCE
e.g.: Why have you been avoiding him?
NOTES Kenapa awak telah mengelak daripada dia?
verb + ing is also
known as "present 2) Have/Has + subject + been + verb + ing
participle"
do not forget '?' at the e.g.: Have you been sneaking out?
end of the question! Adakah awak telah curi keluar?

USES OF PRESENT #2: To show continuous
PERFECT CONTINUOUS event/action that has finished
recently but the effect last until
TENSE present

#1: To show an event/action that (Untuk menunjukkan perbuatan yang telah
started in the past & still ongoing until tamat & berakhir dalam masa terdekat
now tetapi kesannya ada hingga sekarang)

(Untuk menunjukkan perbuatan yang telah mula Elsa is tired because she has been
berlaku & masih berlaku sehingga sekarang) running into the unknown.

I have been singing songs by Stray Kids. (Elsa just finished running, & she is now
tired because of it.)
(I'm still singing.)

TRY ME! Cheat sheet
Present perfect continuous
Click on the link OR scan the QR code
to test your understanding on this tense! has similar meaning to
'recently'/ 'lately'.
https://wordwall.net/play/34501/514/846
(Present perfect continuous
bermaksud lebih kurang dengan

'baru2 ini')

PAST PERFECT

01 02

PAST PAST
PERFECT PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS

WHAT IS PAST FUNCTIONS OF PAST

PERFECT SIMPLE? PERFECT SIMPLE

C FORMULAE OF PAST SENTENCE FORMS OF PAST
O PERFECT SIMPLE PERFECT SIMPLE
N
T
E PAST PARTICIPLE

N PAST SIMPLE VS PAST TRY ME!
T PERFECT SIMPLE

What is Past Perfect Simple?

Previously, you gained knowledge on a tense called Past
Simple which is a tense that is used to show the
completion of an action in the past. However, in this
subtopic, you will be exposed to another type of tense
which is called Past Perfect Simple. In order to give an
idea on how a Past Perfect Simple's sentence structure
looks like, here is an example:
Danielle had drunk the milk before she ate the sandwich.

Apakah Past Perfect Simple?

Sebelum ini, anda telah memperoleh pengetahuan
berkenaan satu 'tense' yang dipanggil 'Past Simple' iaitu

'tense' yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa
sesuatu perbuatan itu telah tamat pada masa lalu. Walau
bagaimanapun, dalam subtopik ini, anda akan didedahkan
kepada jenis 'tense' yang lain iatu 'Past Perfect Simple'.
Bagi tujuan memberikan idea tentang struktur ayat 'Past
Perfect Simple', berikut merupakan satu contoh:
Danielle had drunk the milk before she ate the sandwich.
(Danielle telah meminum susu sebelum dia telah
memakan sandwic.)

Functions of Past Perfect Simple

KEGUNAAN-KEGUNAAN 'PAST PERFECT SIMPLE'

1) an action or situation that 2) an action that happened
finished before a particular time in before another action in the past
the past
(suatu perbuatan yang telah
(suatu perbuatan atau situasi yang berlaku sebelum perbuatan lain
telah berakhir sebelum suatu waktu pada masa lalu)
tertentu pada masa lalu)
e.g: breakfast
e.g:



Jonathan had eaten
Winona had sent the e-mail before before Will woke up.
midnight.
(Jonathan telah bersarapan
(Winona telah menghantar emel sebelum Will telah bangun.)
sebelum tengah malam.)

Formulae of Past Perfect Simple

FORMULA-FORMULA 'PAST PERFECT SIMPLE'

Affirmative REMINDER:
Both singular
had + past participle form of verb
and plural
e.g: had written - written is the past participle form of the subjects use
verb 'write' (written ialah bentuk 'past participle' bagi kata
kerja 'write) 'had'.

Negative PERINGATAN:
Kedua-dua subjek
had + not + past participle form of verb
'singular' dan
'plural'

menggunakan
'had'.

e.g: had not written

Sentence Forms

(BENTUK-BENTUK AYAT 'PAST PERFECT SIMPLE')

(Bentuk- Forms 'I'/Singular subject (He/She/It)/Plural subject (You/We/They)
bentuk)

(Mengiakan) Affirmative I/He/She/It/You/We/They had slept.

(Negatif) Negative I/He/She/It/You/We/They had not slept.

(Soalan Yes/No Had I/he/she/it/you/we/they slept?
'Ya'/'Tidak') Question
Yes, I/he/she/it/you/we/they had.
(Jawapan- Short No, I/he/she/you/we/they had not @ hadn't.
jawapan Answers
pendek) *slept ialah 'past participle' bagi 'sleep'.

Past Simple VS Past Perfect Simple

emphasize which action happened first - use past perfect simple.

(menumpukan perbuatan mana yang berlaku terlebih dahulu - gunakan 'past perfect simple'.)

do not want to emphasize which action happened first - use past simple.

(tidak hendak menumpukan perbuatan mana yang berlaku terlebih dahulu, gunakan 'past
simple'.)

For example:
(Sebagai contoh:)

1) Yoon cooked and slept yesterday.
(Yoon telah memasak dan telah tidur semalam.)

- does not show which action happened first

2) Yoon had cooked before she slept yesterday.
(Yoon telah memasak sebelum tidur semalam.)

- shows which action happened first.

scan these two qr codes to look at more
past participle form of other verbs ^^

Irregular Verbs Regular Verbs

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WHAT IS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS?

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N
T CONTINUOUS?

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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

An action or event that Past perfect continuous also known as
started in the past & ended past perfect progressive.

sometime in the past (Past perfect continuous juga diketahui sebagai
past perfect progressive)
(Perbuatan atau perkara yang
bermula pada waktu lepas &
sudah berakhir pada waktu lepas

juga)

STRUCTURE

STATEMENT

Singular/Plural subject + had + been + verb + ing

e.g.: One Direction had been discussing their new song.
One Direction telah membincangkan lagu mereka.

POSITIVE/NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Singular/Plural subject + had + not + been + verb + ing

e.g.: The tall girl had not been admitting her mistakes.
Perempuan tinggi itu telah tidak mengaku kesalahannya.

STRUCTURE

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

1) Wh-Word + had + Singular/Plural subject + been + verb + ing

e.g.: Who had been creating troubles at the company?
Siapa yang telah buat masalah di pejabat?

2) Had + Singular/Plural subject + been + verb + ing

e.g.: Had you been doing Ellen's homework?
Adakah awak telah buat kerja rumah Ellen?

USE OF PAST #1: To show an event/action that started in the past &
PERFECT has ended at some point in the past too
(Untuk menunjukkan perbuatan yang telah mula pada
CONTINUOUS masa lalu & telah tamat pada suatu masa yang lalu juga)

Lee Minho had been struggling in acting class.
(Lee Minho telah bersusah-payah dalam kelas lakonan.)

LET'S PRACTICE!

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https://wordwall.net/play/34502/226/967

FUTURE

FUTURE FUTURE FUTURE
SIMPLE PERFECT PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINOUS

WHAT IS FUTURE SIMPLE?

C
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FUTURE SIMPLE

WHAT IS FUTURE SIMPLE?
The Future Simple tense is often called the
"will tense" because we make the Future

Simple with the modal auxiliary 'will.'

The Future Simple tense selalu dipanggil - "will
tense" kerana kita mencipta Future Simple
dengan modal auxiliary 'will.'

Structure of future simple

FORM SUBJECT AUXILIARY MAIN VERB

Positive VERB
the door.
I will   close
at school
Negative She will not be tomorrow.

Question Will you   eat on time?

Use of future simple

No plan Maybe we'll stay in and watch movies tonight.

(Tiada rancangan) Mungkin kita akan duduk di rumah dan menonton
cerita malam ini.
Prediction
She'll live in a big city when she's older.
(Ramalan)
Dia akan tinggal di bandar besar bila dia sudah tua.

Be I'll be in Switzerland tomorrow.

Saya akan berada di Switzerland esok.

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WHAT IS FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE?

C
O STRUCTURE
N
T
E WHEN TO USE FUTURE
N PERFECT SIMPLE?
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FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

WHAT IS FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE?
The future perfect is a verb tense used for

actions that will be completed before a
specified point in the future.

'Future perfect' ialah 'verb tense' yang digunakan untuk
perbuatan-perbuatan yang akan tamat sebelum suatu masa

yang khusus pada masa hadapan.

Structure of future perfect simple


Positive Negative Question

I/you/we/they I will have I will not have Will I have
arrived arrived arrived?

He/she/it He will have He will not have Will he have

arrived arrived arrived?

Formula: will have + [past participle].

Use of future perfect simple

Events finished by a certain time in the future

Examples: (Peristiwa-peristiwa yang tamat sebelum sesuatu waktu pada masa hadapan.)

Do you think she’ll have reached London by five
o’clock?

Awak rasa dia sudah sampai London pada pukul 5?

Next month I will have worked at the school for 3
years.

Bulan depan saya sudah bekerja di sekolah itu selama 3 tahun.

We will not have eaten dinner before we get to the
airport tomorrow night.

Kami tidak akan makan malam sebelum sampai di lapangan
terbang pada malam esok.

TRY ME! Click on the link OR scan the QR code
to test your understanding on this tense!

https://wordwall.net/resource/34514246

WHAT IS FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINUOUS?
C
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N STRUCTURE

T

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N CONTINUOUS?
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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Talk about something that will continue up
to a specific time in the future.

Bercakap tentang sesuatu yang akan berterusan sehingga masa
tertentu pada masa hadapan.

Carole will have been prostesting outside the factory for two days on Sunday.
Carole akan mengadakan protes di luar kilang selama dua hari pada hari Ahad.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Subject + will + have been + Verb (ing) + time reference

She will have been learning French for two weeks.
Dia akan belajar bahasa Perancis selama dua minggu.

Subject + will + not + have been + Verb (ing) + time reference

She will not have been learning French for two weeks.
Dia tidak akan belajar bahasa Perancis selama dua minggu.

Will + Subject + have been + Verb (ing) + time reference

Will she have been learning French for two weeks?
Adakah dia akan belajar bahasa Perancis selama dua minggu?

WHEN TO USE?

Action that will have started, will have continued for some time
and will still be in progress in the future either.

Tindakan yang akan dimulakan, akan diteruskan untuk beberapa waktu dan
masih akan dijalankan pada masa hadapan sama ada.

before a specific moment before another action takes place
(sebelum masa tertentu) (sebelum tindakan lain berlaku)

They will have been flying to London for 7 hours We will have been cleaning the house all day by
by this time tomorrow. the time she returns.




Mereka akan terbang ke London selama 7 jam Kami akan membersihkan rumah sepanjang hari
pada waktu ini esok. apabila dia pulang.

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references

Gordon, E., Hammond, L., James, P. & Stolls, L. (2020).
English Download (Student's Book) - Form 5. Pekan Ilmu
Publications.

ExamPlanning (n.d.).

https://examplanning.com/