ჟურნალი 2 (2) 2024 წ.

23ebh .

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 `mxolod warsulis codniT daucavs yovels ers Tavisi erovneba, Tavisi arseboba, Tavisi vinaoba~ ilia WavWavaZe s a r C e v i: 1. ciklidan - genealogiis anabana a. heraldikis warmomavloba da gerbTmcodneobis istoria saqarTveloSi - gv. 2-7; 2. ciklidan - masalebi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb a. masalebi vasaZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb (nawili II) - gv. 8-26; b. anotacia - masalebi sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb - gv. 27-39; g. istoriul-SemecnebiTi videorgoli civaZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb - gv. 40-42; d. civaZeTa sagvareulo niSani da misi ganmartebiTi baraTi - gv. 43-44. 3. ciklidan `aRwera saqarTveloisa~ a. sofel Tvalis (sagarejo) mcxovrebni - warsuli da awmyo - gv. 45-63. 4. ciklidan - qarTveluri sarwmunoeba a. qarTvelur xalxebTan mebrZol dev-kerpTa raobisaTvis - gv. 64-72; b. devis wyevla - gv. 73-81. 5. ciklidan - `qarTlis cxovrebis~ miviwyebuli furclebi a. Jamni avbedobisani - gv. 82-88. 6. ciklidan - werilobiTi wyaroni gvamcnoben (istoriuli dokumentis foto-asli, misi teqsti da ganmarteba) a. qarTl-kaxelTa brZola yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg da dampyrobelTa mier SemoRebuli gadasaxadis `majulaTis~ raobisaTvis (erTobiT suramelTa mier kaTalikos-patriarq anton I-isaTvis uria daniel aronaSvilis gadasaxadis Taobaze micemuli pirobis wigni) - gv. 88-95. 7. es ar unda dagvaviwydes!

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 ciklidan genealogiis anabana heraldikis warmomavloba da gerbTmcodneobis istoria saqarTveloSi heraldika istoriis damxmare, gerbTa Semswavleli, maTi gamoyenebis ritualisa da wesis damdgeni mecnierebaa. calkeul saxelmwifoebSi heraldika adgilobrivi tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT yalibdeba da viTardeba. xmamRala SeiZleba iTqvas, rom genealogiuri kvlevis centri `arian-qarTli~ erT-erTi pirvelTagania maT Soris, romelTac qarTveluri gerbTmcodneobis tradiciis Camoyalibebis qmnadobaSi udidesi wvlili miuZRvis. gerbi memkvidreobiT ganmasxvavebel niSans warmoadgens, romelsac simboluri mniSvneloba eniWeba da mflobelis istoriul tradiciebs gamoxatavs. gerbebi Semdeg ZiriTad jgufebad iyofian: sagvareulo, saxelmwifo, samamulo, samoxeleo da sxva. gerbis gamosaxuleba xSirad gvxvdeba: droSebze, monetebze, beWdebze, WurWelze, TeTreulze da sxva sayofacxovrebo nivTebze. sabrZolo velze gamorCeul meomarTa cnobadobis survilma safuZveli Cauyara mebrZolTa farebze maTTan asocirebuli figurebiTa da ferebiT moxatvis tradicias. adreuli heraldikuli somboloebi uwarwero, martiv, advilad aRqmad naxatebs warmoadgendnen. droTa ganmavlobaSi damkvidrda daxvewili, zusti formebiT Sedgenili rTuli warwerebiani emblemebis gamoyeneba, ramac safuZveli daudo evropuli qveynebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli heraldikis kanonebis Camoayalibebas. heraldikis warmoSoba adreul SuasaukuneebSi evropul saxelmwifoebSi mimdinare politikurma cvlilebebmac gamoiwvia. feodaluri urTierTobebis ganviTarebam saxelmwifoebSi teritoriis mflobel, didgvarovan sagvareulo saxlTa Camoyalibeba ganapiroba, rasac feodalTaTvis ganmasxvavebeli, piradi emblemebis warmoqmnis aucilebloba mohyva. droTa ganmavlobaSi am niSnebma memkvidreobi xasiaTi SeiZines da sagvareulo gerbebad iqcnen. XI-XII saukuneTa mijna heraldikis warmoSobis TariRad miiCneva. cnobilia, rom inglisis mefem henrix I-ma mis qaliSvilze - matildaze qorwinebis Semdgom, siZes, graf Jofrua V anJuels raindis wodeba mianiWa da moxatuli fari aCuqa. swored am faris gamosaxuleba warmoadgens Cvenamde moRweul heraldikur uZveles simbolos, romelic

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 1151 wels daRupul graf Jofrua V anJuelis gansasvenebel akldamazea gamosaxuli. igive moxatulobis faria datanili, 1226 wels gardacvlil Jofruas SviliSvilis, uiliam anJuelis saflavis skulpturul figurazec, rac farzed gamosaxul simboloTa anJuelTa sagvareulos memkvidreobiT niSnad qcevis utyuari faqtia. gamosaxuleba graf Jofrua V anJuelis gansasvenebel akldamaze

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Tavdapirvelad gerbebs mxolod didebulTa sagvareuloni flobdnen. XII saukunis miwurulidan Cndeba qalaqebisa da saxelmwifoebis, XIII saukunis dasawyisidan sasuliero pirTa, XIII saukunis II meoTxedidan ki xelosanTa gerbebi. XIV saukuneSi eklesia, romelic adre gerbebis saWiroebas eWvis TvaliT uyurebda, heraldikuri xelovnebis erT-erT Zlier centrad yalibdeba. am periodSi Seqmnili gerbebia datanili: eklesiaTa kedlebze, memorialur filebze, saeklesio samkaulebze da eklesiis msaxurTa tanisamosze. heraldikis gavrceleba moxeleTa sabeWdavebmac ganapirobes. CinovnikTa mier dokumentze dasmul umravles beWedze, igive simbolokaa gamoyenebuli, rac am moxeleTa memkvidreobiT sagvareulo gerbebzea datanili. droTa ganmavlobaSi didgvarovnebma da raindebma gerbis gamosaxulebis datana farebis garda, saWurvelis detalebze da sabrZolo droSebzec daiwyes. raindTa turniri heraldikis gavrcelebaSi didi roli iTamaSa evropaSi rainduli turnirebis Catarebis tradiciamac. umeteswilad raindTa turnirebs win uZRoda xangrZlivi da pompezuri monawileTa gerbebis da sxva atributikis demonstrireba. turnirSi monawileT glaSatai-heroldebi warmoadgendnen, romelTa dasaxelebidanac, mogvianebiT, warmoiSva

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 memkvidreobiTi simbolikis Semswavleli mecnierebis saxelwodeba - heraldika. XVII saukunis II naxevarSi heraldika calke mecnierebad Camoyalibda. klod fransua menestries 1671 wliT daTariRebuli naSromi `heraldikis WeSmariti xelovneba da warmomavloba~, sagvareulo memkvidreobiT simboloTa warmoSobis mizezTa axsnisa da maTi klasifikaciis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgens. heraldikuri niSnebi erTdroulad evropis ramdenime regionSi: luaras da reins Soris mdebare mxareSi, dasavleT inglisSi, SveicariaSi da CrdiloeT italiaSi warmoiqmna. am mxareebSi gerbebs glexebic ki flobdnen. heraldikur simboloTa gamoyenebis tradicia Zalian male gavrcelda evropis mTel kontinentze. XVIII saukunidan heraldikis evropuli wes-Cveuleba `beberi kontinentis~ sazRvrebs scdeba da evropidan gadasaxlebulebTan erTad: aziaSi, afrikaSi, amerikasa da avstraliaSi iwyebs SeRwevas. ruseTis imperatori petre I ruseTis imperiaSi heraldikuri simbolikis damkvidreba, XVII saukuniss II naxevarSi, polonuri heraldikis gavleniT moxda. 1672 wels ruseTSi pirvelad gamoica heraldikuri Sinaarsis naSromi `tituliarniki~, romelic gerbTa nakrebs warmoadgenda. 1705 wels, petre I-is brZanebiT, amsterdamSi daibeWda wigni `simboloebi da emblemebi~. naSromSi Sesulia gerbis 800 nimuSi, romlebic Semdgom gamoiyenebul iqna ruseTis saxelmwifo, sagvareulo da sxva xasiaTis

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 gerbTa Sesaqmnelad. 1726 wels peterburgis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi Camoyalibda heraldikis kaTedra. 1797 wlidan iwyeba `ruseTis imperiis TavadTa da aznaurTa sagvareulo gerbTa nakrebis~ gamocema. saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan iqmneboda sxvadasxva datvirTvis mqone: lomis, irmis, gveleSapis, wreSi Casmuli jvris ... gamosaxulebis mqone simboloebi da emblemebi, romlebmac mogvianebiT heraldikuri mniSvneloba SeiZines. XVI saukunis erT sabuTze dasmuli samefo beWedi bagrationTa sagvareulo gerbis detalebs Seicavs. 1711 wliT daTariRebul vaxtang VI-is droSaze gamosaxulia bagrationTa gerbisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli emblemebi. XVII-XVIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosTa sabeWdavebi, romlebic sveticxovlis Tqmulebis amsaxvel simbolikas imeoreben. vaxtang VI-is droSa bagrationTa gerbis gamosaxulebiT saqarTveloSi pirvelad heraldikiT vaxuSti batoniSvili dainteresda, romelmac Tavis geografiul atlasSi Seitana, rogorc gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos, agreTve, calkeul samefo-samTavroTa gerbTa ilustraciebi. heraldikis sakiTxebs exeba ioane batoniSvili Tavis TxzulebaSi `kalmasoba~, romelSic ganmartebulia gerbis mniSvneloba da funqcia, aseve CamoTvlilia gerbis mTavari elementebi. TxzulebaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba saqarTveloSi sagvareulo gerbTa farTod danergvis saWiroebazec.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Zveli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gerbebidan Cvenamde moaRwia mxolod bagrationTa dinastiis, savaraudod, XVII saukunis gerbma. saqarTveloSi Tavadebs XVIII saukunis miwurulamde sagvareulo gerbi arasdros hqoniaT. manamde arsebobda mxolod didebul moxeleTa piradi sabeWdavebi. qarTvel TavadTa sagvareulo gerbebi ruseTis imperiis saqarTvelozed momZlavrebis Semdgom Cndeba. heraldikur simboloTa Soris, gerbebis garda metad didi mniSvneloba eniWebaT droSas. egzom saamayoa is faqti, rom saqarTelos `xuTjvriani~ droSa erT-erTi uZvelesia msoflio droSaTa Soris. `xuTjvriani~ droSa saqarTvelos teritoriis aRmniSvnelad dafiqsirebulia anjelino dulCeris 1339 wliT daTariRebul, agreTve franCesko da domeniko piciganebis 1367 wels Semdgar sazRvao rukebze (portulani). qarTuli heraldikis Sesaswavlad uZvirfases masalas gvawvdis Cvenamde moRweuli rogorc samoxeleo, agreTve piradi sabeWdavebi da uZveles dokumentebze dasmuli beWdebi. qarTul droSebsa da sabeWdavebze gamosaxul simboloTa Seswavlis qmnadobaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis XX saukuneSi moRvawe xelovnebis istorikoss, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtors, saqarTvelos mecnierebis damsaxurebul moRvawes sara barnavels. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSa

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 ciklidan masalebi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb m a s a l e b i v a s a Z e T a sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb dasawyisi - Jurnali # 1 (1) 2024 w. XV saukunidan moyolebuli, vidre XIX saukunis III aTwleulamde Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi vasaZeni (vacaZe) Canan viTarca mowmeni da misandonni qarTvel mefeTa, guriis mTavarTa, lixT-imereTis kaTalikosTa, episkoposTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da uaznoTa (glexi). RmrTisa da saqarTvelosa da bagrationTa taxtis ZlierebisaTvis vasaZeTa (vacaZe) sagvareulos meomrebi saqarTvelos erTianobis Jams komlze kacad gamodiodnen erTiani saqarTvelos laSqris mowinave da memarjvene sadroSoebSi. xolo Jams gandgomisa: calkerZ, imereTis samefos laSqarSi, vakis (qvemo imereTis) sasardloSi, Tavad wulukiZeTa droSis qveS da calkerZ, guriis samTavros laSqarSi, guriis mTavar gurielTa droSis qveS. lixT-imereTSi rusTa imperiis batonobis Jams Sedgenil mraval saekleso CanawerSi, kameralur aRwerasa da sxvadasxva saxis dokumentaciaSi ixsenieba im xanad, ZiriTadad, aWaras, guriasa da qvemo imereTs mosaxle vasaZeTa gvarmodeniloba. qvemoT movitanT XIX saukuneSi Semdgar ramodenime dokuments, romlebic egzom sainteresoa vasaZeTa sagvareulos istoriisaTvis. XIX saukunis sxvadasxva periodidan, saqarTvelos yvela moqmed eklesiaSi iwarmoeboda mrevlis dabadebis, naTlobis, qorwinebis da gardacvalebis aRricxva. CvenTvis sainteresoa vasaZeTa sagvareulos

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9 wevrTa mier dasaxlebuli soflebis eklesiebis `metriCeskis~ wignSi gakeTebuli Canawerebi. imereTis zogierTi soflis eklesiaSi Semonaxul saeklesio CanawerTa mixedviT, XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis dasawyisSi vasaZeTa gvarCamomavlobis wevrT ucxovriaT: xaragaulis municipalitetis sofel sargviSSi - aznaur abaSiZeTa SinamosamsaxureT; samtrediis municipalitetis sofel tolebSi - sabatono glexT; vasaZeni qalaq quTaisis mcxovrebTa Soris 1850 wlidan moixseniebian (quTaisis centraluri saxelmwifo arqivi; aRsarebis mTqmelTa siebi; fondi 21; anaweri I). magaliTisaTvis movitanT vasaZeTa sagvareulos wevrTa mier dasaxlebul guriis ramodenime soflis XIX saukuneSi Semdgar saeklesio CanawerTa amonaridebs. 1842-1845 wlebSi guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, sofl askanis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi Semdgar `metriCeski~ wignebis Canawerebis Tanaxmad, taZarSi mRvdlad simon vasaZes umoRvawia. `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis uezdis, ozurgeTis uCastkis, soflis askanis macxovris saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1862 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 6 ianvars dabadebula giorgi vasaZe. mSoblebi: nikoloz giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi dodo ivanes asuli. mimrqmeli (naTlia) axaldabadebulisa sofel boxvauris mcxovrebi aznauris egnate arobeliZis meuRle egviti nikolozis asuli. 12 seqtembers dabadebula ioane vasaZe. mSoblebi: iese giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi egvite beJanis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa svimon nikolozis Ze wyavzaraZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1554). `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, soflis askanis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1865 weli. dabadebulTaTvis:

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 4 noembers dabadebula ioseb vasaZe. mSoblebi: giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi edosi sayvarelis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa porfiri ioane mRvdlis Ze SaraSiZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1769). 1873 weli. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 10 Tebervals daqorwinebulan sofel askanas mcxovrebi „priCetniki“ (mnaTe, diakvani) svimon nikolozis Ze vasaZe, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 28 wlis da mariam ambakos asuli, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 18 wlis. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 3). 1874 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 9 oqtombers dabadebula iakinTe vasaZe. mSoblebi: giorgi ieses Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi edusia sayvarelis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa mRvdlis ioane SaraSiZis meuRle fefiko giorgis asuli. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 13 ianvars daqorwinebulan ivane ieses Ze vasaZe, marTlmadidebeli, meore qorwinebiT, 44 wlis da magdalina levanis asuli, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 16 wlis. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 4). `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, soflis makvaneTis mTavarangelozis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1861 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 20 Tebervals dabadebula egnati vasaZe. mSoblebi: lazare giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi ivlite ivane leseliZis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa dimitri ivanes Ze vasaZe. gardacvlilTaTvis: 10 maiss gardacvlila lazare ToiZis qvrivi, TuTa iase vasaZis asuli. 48 wlis, uecrad.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 1863 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 6 noembers dabadebula elisabed vasaZe. mSoblebi: dimitri ivanes Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi fefiko iakob burZglas asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa ivane svimonis Ze gurgenaZe. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 8 ivliss daqorwinebulan anton nikolozis Ze vasaZe, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT, 29 wlis da spiridon Rlontis asuli aRaTi, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT, 16 wlis. jvrisweris TavmdebTa Soris Cawerili arian giorgi da pavle nikolozis Ze vasaZeni. gardacvlilTaTvis: 1 noembers gardacvlila giorgi vasaZis meuRle, edesi, ivane qadeiSvilis asuli. 43 wlis. uecrad. 1864 weli. gardacvlilTaTvis: 30 maiss gardacvlila lazare giorgis Ze vasaZe. 38 wlis. yvaviliT. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1458). `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, sofel lixauris RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1861 weli. gardacvlilTaTvis: 10 seqtembers gardacvlila svimon maxaroblis Ze vasaZe. 32 wlis, mucelkargisa gamo. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1490). 1863 weli. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 27 agvistos daqorwinebulan ivane maxaroblis Ze vasaZe, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 31 wlis da gabriel surgulaZis asuli anna, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT, 18 wlis. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1628). 1864 weli.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 dabadebulTaTvis: 2 ivliss dabadebula sofio vasaZe. mSoblebi: ivane maxaroblis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi anna gabriel surgulaZis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa ivane mixeil dianozis Ze gordelaZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1689). 1875 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 9 oqtombers dabadebula elene vasaZe. mSoblebi: levan giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi elisabed oTaris asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa gabriel vasaZis asuli zenaTo. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 21 oqtombers daqorwinebulan andria gabrielis Ze vasaZe, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 22 wlis da ukanonod Sobili natalia, marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 14 wlis. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 5754). sofel lixauris RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia 1876 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 5 marts dabadebula sofia vasaZe. mSoblebi: levan giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi elisabed oTaris asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa zenaTo gabriel vasaZis asuli.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 755). 1878 weli. gardacvlilTaTvis: 6 ianvars gardacvlila rostom vasaZis meuRle qristine maxarobel Ralindravas asuli. 40 wlis, xvelisa gamo. 12 ianvars gardacvlila luka lazares Ze vasaZe, 24 wlis, kisris tkivilisa gamo. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 757). 1879 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 12 aprils dabadebula varlam vasaZe. mSoblebi: gabriel lazares Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi asineTi konstantines asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa giorgi ivanes Ze fircxalaiSvili. 15 maiss dabadebula matrona vasaZe. mSoblebi: andria gabrielis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi natalia xosias asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa gabriel maxaroblis Ze vasaZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 758). 1880 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 21 Tebervals dabadebula olRa vasaZe. mSoblebi: levan giorgis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi elisabed oTaris asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa nikofore TayaiSvili. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 35; sabuTi # 759). `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, sofl WanieTis mTavarangelozis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1861 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 15 aprils mounaTlavT ambako lomjaria. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa lazare gabrielis Ze vasaZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1490).

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, sofel CoCxaTis mTavarmowame wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1863 weli. gardacvlilTaTvis: 15 Tebervals gardacvlila kakaba xutus Ze vasaZe. 31 wlis xurnagiT (xunagi). 1864 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 16 aprils dabadebula elena vasaZe. mSoblebi: oqropir beJanis Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi salome Savarden menabdis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa ivane svimonis Ze gurgenaZe. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 10 maiss daqorwinebulan sofel CoCxaTis mcxovrebi ivane xutus Ze vasaZe marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT, 25 wlis da lanCxuTis mcxovrebi beJan sioriZis asuli (saxeli ar weria) marTlmadidebeli, pirveli qorwinebiT 24 wlis. jvrisweris TavmdebTa Soris Cawerilia giorgi gabrielis Ze vasaZe. gardacvlilTaTvis: 8 noembers gardacvlila mariam ivanes asuli vasaZe. 11 wlis. yvaviliT. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1759). `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan, guriis `uezdis~, ozurgeTis `uCastkis~, sofel miqelgabrielis mTavarmowame angelozis saxelobis eklesiasa Sina Casawerlad - dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ...~ 1864 weli. dabadebulTaTvis: 15 maiss dabadebula anton vasaZe. mSoblebi: sayvarela ivanes Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi anna sayvarel sariSvilis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa xoso giorgis Ze sadraZe. 20 noembers dabadebula elisabed vasaZe. mSoblebi: ivane ieses Ze vasaZe da sjulieri coli misi nata ivane xurciZis asuli. mimrqmeli axaldabadebulisa ivane ieses Ze sadraZe.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 gardacvlilTaTvis: 13 aprils gardacvlila nikoloz lazares Ze vasaZe. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 489; aRwera # 6; sabuTi # 1869). 1857 wlis 2 marts SeudgeniaT aznaur solomon qaixosros Ze asaTianis mier askanas mcxovreb, saxelmwifo glex giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wigni. sabuTSi sofel askanas mdebare, kikola da gabriel vasaZeTa mamulic ixsenieba: `Cynz(1857 w.)-sa, martis b(2)-s dResa. me, qvemore amis xelis CarTviT damamtkicebeli, sofelsa askanas mcxovrebi, aznauri solomon qaixosros Ze asaTiani, gaZlev ama nasyidobis werils Tqven, mun sofelsa mcxovrebs, saxelmwifo ymas giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZes, mas Sina, romel me da Cems Zmanebs mdebare ezoSid adgili - mamuli gvqonda Seni saziaro, saxelwodebiT bego daniSnulis sazRvrebiT, aRmosavleTiT ivane erqomaiSvilis sazRvramdis, dasavleTiT kikola da gabriel vasaZis sazRvramdis, CrdiloeTiT CxaiZis sazRvramdis, xolo samxreTiT mdinare gulefas Relemdis. ama gancxadebulis sazRvrebs SigniT adgili mogyide me mxolod Cemi sawilo, ama adgilis meeqvsedi, fasad miviRe Sengan dafasebisamebr aTi maneTi vercxlis fuli. aw mogces RmerTman Sen da SemdgomTa SenTa, rom dReis Semdgom arc me da arca Cemi Semdgomi araviTars davas da cilebas ama adgilSid ara giyo da sxva vinme modave aRgiCndes, maSin modave yovlis umizezoT me mogacilo. maSin gekvri ama pirobiTa, romel Cemgan miRebuls Sens aT maneTze aTi maneTi dagidvia, me an oci maneTis momcemi viyo, Tu ara da es Cemi sawilo adgili momiyidia TqvenTvis da gibednieros RmerTma. amas Sina Cems sakuTaris xeliT jvaris dasmiT gimtkiceb (dokuments am adgilas dasmuli aqvs jvari). aris amis mowame daviT Ze buWua erqomaiSvili da daTia megreli. solomonis TxovniT davswere da mowame var ioane mRvdeli baramiZe~. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondebi; sabuTi # 550/11. 1 furceli). 1857 wlis 31 ivliss SeudgeniaT aznaur beJan qaixosros Ze asaTianis mier saxelmwifo glex giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wigni: `Cynz(1857 w.)-sa welsa, ivlisis la(31)-s dResa. me, qvemore amis xelis CamrTveli, aznauri beJan qaixosros Ze asaTiani, ama pirobiT gekvri Sen, giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZes, mas Sina

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 romel, romelic Cemma Zmama solomon adgili mogyida Sen Sens ezoSid misi wili ama qaRaldis pirvel gverdzed dawerilis nasyidobiTa, ima adgilisagan mec momisyidnia Cemi Sesaxvedri wili da fasad miviRe dRes Sengan aTi maneTi vercxlis fuli da momicia zemoT dawerilis sazRvriT da pirobiT, romlisa Sina xels vawer aznauri beJan asaTiani, radgan man wera ar icis, misi TxovniT, mis magier xels vawer beso lominaZe. aris amis mowme aznauri daviT asaTiani, beJanis TxovniT vwer ioane mRvdeli baramiZe~. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondebi; sabuTi # 550/11. 2 furceli). 1859 wlis 24 Tebervals SeudgeniaT aleqsandre qaixosros Ze asaTianis mier saxelmwifo glex giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wigni: `CynT(1859 w.)-sa welsa, Tebervlis kd(24)-s dResa. miviRe me, aznaurma aleqsandre asaTianma Sen, giorgi vasaZisagan, aRniSnuli vercxlis fuli da rogorc zemoT SekrulobiT, Cem Zmebman mogyides saerTo adgili, egreve, mec mogimarTo da amieridan araviTars davas ar giyof da Tu vinme gedaos me mogacilo, mas Sina Cems sakuTars xeliT jvaris dasmiT gimtkiceb~. dokuments boloSi dasmuli aqvs jvari. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondebi; sabuTi # 550/11. 2 furceli). 1859 wlis 2 seqtembers dawerila ivane, lazare da gito daviTis Ze vasaZeTa mier giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis xelwerili: `CynT(1859)-sa welsa, sekdembers b(2)-sa dResa. ese nasyidobis xelwerili dagiwere da mogeciT Tqven, qvemore amis xelis momwerman, saxelmwifo ymaman, ivane, lazare da gito daviTis Zeebman vasaZem Sen, giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZes, mas Sina, romel mogyideT adgili mamuliani gulefas piri Senive ziari, Cemi xvedri xelaReb mogakuTvneT Sen adgili igi sazRvris dadebiT sazRvramdis, aRmosavleTiT Seni da gejaZis ziars adgils, sazRvreb Sua mdebare mogyideT Cveni xvedri da fasic miviReT Sengan ocdaori maneTi da ... (sabuTi am adgilas dazianebulia da ver ikiTxeba) ... fuli ... RmerTman Svilsa da momavals Sensas ara gedavo, arc Cven da arc Cvenma Zema, da momavalSic arc Cven mier vinme gedaos Cvens mocemul adgilSid, aramed gvaqvs sruli ufleba gayidvis, gaCuqebis, dagiravebis da TviTon

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 SenTvis sargeblobisa, sakuTriv ima adgilisa, romel Sina xels vawerT ivane, lazare da gito vasaZeebi da radgan maT wera ar ician, maTis TxovniT, xels vawer aznauri erdiSil SevardnaZe da TviTon jvars asmen (uzis ori jvari). arian amisi mowme aznauri maqsime SevardnaZe, giorgi vasaZe, ivane erqomaiSvili, jegeSe TalakvaZe. vwer da mowmec var amisa aznauri erdiSil SevardnaZe“. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondebi; sabuTi # 550/12). sofel askanis xedi, kastelis naxati 1860 wlis 3 maiss SeudgeniaT Tavad vaxtang da seilal maqsimeniSvilTa da saxelmwifo ymebis sayvarel TavarTqilaZisa da giorgi vasaZis Soris dadebuli miwis nasyidobis xelwerili, romelsac etifane vasaZec amowmebs: `CyÁ (1860 w.) welsa, maiss 3-s dResa.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Cven qvemore amisa xelis momwerni, quTaiss Rubernis guris vezdnis. baxvis uCastkis. baxvs mcxovrebni kniaz vaxtang daviTis Ze da me Cemi seilal maqsimennisSvili ama mtkicesa da yovelTa droTa da JamTa mizezdaudebelia nasyidobisa werilsa gaZlevT Tqven zed aRniSnulsa quTaisisa Rubernis guris vezdnis baxvis uCastkis sofelsa ewers da xaraulzed mcxovrebsa saxelmwifo ymasa sayvarel Zesa TavarTqilaZesa da giorgi giorgis Zesa vasaZesa da ZeTa TqvenTa, mas safuZvelsa Cven romel ... samkvidroT kuTvnili mdebare miwa, saxelwodebuli nabadi eweris sazRvaris dadebiT, samosaxlod saxeldobr ... sazRvrebi aRmosavleTiT ... zRuvars qvemoT CrdiloveTiT nabdiss Rele Camouvlis, romel CaerTvis mgelaZisa sazRvris Reles. xolo samxreTiT, mgelaZis sazRvari da erTad Seiyrebian xabis Rele da xolo dasavleTiT, eraTad Seiyrebian ama daniSnuls sazRvarsa SuvaSid. Tqven mogyideT sazRvar dadebiT, quvebisa CayriTa, garemoebiTa saxelwodebul nabadi, mdebare miwa, safuZveli samkvidrod saSviliSvilod Tqvenda mogviyidnia, yovlis piris xelSeuvalad. fasad miviRe gulis sajeraod ormoci manaTi vercxlisa da amieridgan mogviyidia. gekuTnodes Tqven. xarT axali mebatone zemo ... miwisa adgil-adgilsa zeda viTarca STawerili ars amas Sina. igi ZaliTa gancxadebuls sazRvars SigniT mogviyidia Tqvenda da ZeTa da momavalTa TqvenTa gekuTvnodes. yovelsa SemTxvevaSid sargeblobdeT mas adgilsa ... ukunisamde rogorc gsurdes gayidviT. ginda dagiravebiT, gibednieros RmerTman yovlisa kacisa udevrad. arca Cvenda, arca memkvidreTa CvenTa ara mogedaos. ukeTu vinme gareSe da ... kacni vinme mogedaos, Cven mogaciloT umizezod valdebulebiTa CveniTa mowameni amisani arian, romelTaca xels aweren: vmowmob werilsa amas mRudeli maqsime jaSi. vmowmob werilsa amas aznauri beJan asaTiani. vmowmob werilsa amas basil witaiSvili. vmowmob werilsa amas saba mgelaZe. vmowmob werilsa amas ... kiRuraZe. xels vawer etifane vasaZe. brZanebiTa kniazis vaxtan da Ze misis seilal maqsimeniSvilisa. davswere wigni ese nikoloz iovanes Ze mgelaZem. davwere wigni ese damamtkicebeli ese daamtkicos ufalman... cxovrebasa Sina. vmowmob werilsa yma ivane kiRuraZe. vmowmob werilsa amas rostom JRenti. vmowmob werilsa amas nikoloz doliZe.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 vmowmob werilsa amas aznauri asalo miqelaZe. vmowmob werilsa amas ivane kalandaZe. vmowmob werilsa amas xabia witaiSvili~. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondi; sabuTi # 550/14.2). 1860 wlis 29 maiss SeudgeniaT Tavad tariel TavdgiriZis mier sofel lixaurs (ozurgeTis municipaliteti) mosaxle misi kuTvnili glexis lazare gabrielis Ze vasaZisa da misi saxleulobis, mamuliTurT gaTavisuflebis xelwerili: `ganmcxadebeli amisa kuTvnili memkvidreobiTi Cven qvemore amisa xelis momwerT, mcxovrebT quTaisis guberniis ozurgeTis uezdis lanCxuTis uCastkis kniazT - yaraman da tariel mizarbegis ZeT TavdgiriZeebisadmi - yma mcxovrebi amave Ruberniis uezdis, gurianTis uCastkis sofel lixaurisa lazare gabrielis Ze vasaZe, mqoni Sobidgan Á (60) 1/2 wlisa da Semdgomis niSnebisa: simaRliT ori albi da eqvsi verSoki, Tma Tavzed, warbi da ulvaSi TeTri, cxviri grZeli, piris xaxa zomieri, Tvali Wreli, saxe nayvavilebi, nikapi mrgvali, ara mqone gansxvavebulis niSnisa. coli misi eva, Sobidam n (50) wlisa. tanad saSvali, Tma Tavzed da warbi TeTri, Tvali Wreli, cxviri da piri zomieri, piris saxe wminda. Zeebi maTi: a). rostom - lv (36)-s wlisa. simaRliT ori albi da ori verSoki. Tma Tavzed da ulvaSi Savi, Tvalebi Wreli, cxvir-piris xaxa da nikapi zomieri, piris saxe wminda. b) gabriel, Sobidgan k (20)-s wlisa, simaRliT ori albi da oTxi verSoki. Tma Tavzed, warbi da ulvaSi Savi, Tvalebi Savi, cxviri, piris xaxa da nikapi zomieri, piris saxe wminda. g) iÀ (18) wlisa. ori albi simaRlis, Tma Tavzed, warbi da ulvaSi Sav-moqerao, Tvalebi Savi, piris saxe wminda, cxviri, piri da nikapi zomieri. d) glaxuna, À (8) wlisa, tanad mozarde. e) luka v (6)-s wlisa. e) aleqsandre d (4)-s wlisa. z) eqvTime Sobisgan a (1)-s wlisa. ara mqoneni gansxvavebulis niSnisani. asuli lazaresi nino e (5)-s wlisa. ganvaTavisufleT saukunod Cvenis mflobelobisagan saxelmwifo uwyebaSid erTad misis saxleulebiT, ojaxiT da Tormeti qceva venaxiani adgil-mamuliT, eqvsi qceva saxnav-saTesi miwiT da sakuTaris nawili

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 venaxiani miwiTa saxelwodebuli xvavrielad. miRebiTa mis vasaZisa cxraasi maneTi vercxlis fulisa romelica ukeT miRebuli gvaqvs Cven misgana. amieriTgan mas vasaZesa da mis STamomavlebs arca Cvengan da arca Cvens SemdgomTa ara viTar ufleba da mebatonebrivi samarTali ara gveqnebis, egreTve arca sxuaTa romelime pirTa. xolo ganTavisuflebuls vasaZeebs Zal-uZsT raTa kanoniers vadasa Sina aRirCion gvari cxovrebisa da SeuerTdnen maTis wodebis saxelmwifo ymebT sazogadoebas. aTasrvaas mesamocesa welsa maisis oc da cxrasa dResa, da romel namdvil ganvaTavisufleT saxelmwifod yma lazare vasaZe misis saxleulebiT amasa Sina xels vawer kniazi tariel TavdgiriZe (xelrTva)“. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 1448; sabuTi # 5781). sabuTis Tanaxmad lazare vasaZe misis saxleulebi, sakmaod didi anazRaurebis sanuqfod (sanacvlod) sabatono ymaTa kategoriidan, saxelmwifo glexTa kategoriaSi gadasulan. 1861 wlis 3 ivniss daiwera Tavadi dimitri erisTavis mier giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wigni: sofel askanis cixe `CyÁa(1861)-sa welsa, ivnisis g(3)-sa dResa. me, qvemore amis xelis momwerman, Stabs kapitanma, kniaz dimitri vaxtangis Zeman erisTavman, esre xelwerili mogeci Tqven, baxvis uCastkis, sofelsa askanas mcxovrebels, saxelmwifo ymas giorgi giorgis

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 Ze vasaZes, mas Sina romel, Sen iyavi wineT Cemgan ganTavisuflebuli, saxelmwifo uwyebaSid uadgilmamulod da is adgili, romelzed dRes Sen saxlobxar, me mekuTvnoda, romelic Seicavs ... sivrcesa or qcevasa da es adgili, radganac Senda miucileblad saWiroebda, amisaTvis Txovnisamebr Senisa, me Tanaxmad gagixdi da dagiTme is Seni samosaxlo, zemoT gancxadebuli adgili Semdgomis sazRvriTa, aRmosavleTiT erqomaiSvilis sazRvariT, dasavleTiT vasaZis sazRvari, CrdiloeTiT CxaiZis sazRvari, xolo samxreTiT Sensave adgilamde, romelsac Sen ... mocemulad ganacxadeb. ama adgilsa fasad miviRe me Sengan Semadgeneli samoci maneTisa, ese igi ocdaxuTs maneTSid adgili da ocdaTxuTmeti maneTi fuli, romelzedac me kmayofili var da aw mogces RmerTman da gibednieros Sen da Semdgomi SenTa saukunoT, romelzedac me da Semdgomi Cemi da Sen da Semdgomi Seni araodes am adgilze dava ar giyoT da gekuTnodes gansakuTrebiT yovlis misis Sesaxeblis sargeblobiTa da ukeTu vinme pirman raime dava ganacxados, maSin winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi pasuxi ar vago da Sen, vasaZe yovlis xarjisa da mosavlisagan Tavisufali gamyofo. mas Sina Cemis sakuTaris xelis moweriT gimtkiceb~. xelrTva: `Stabs kapitani erisTavi~ (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondi; sabuTi # 550/13,2). 1893 wlis 20 oqtombers dawerila arsen erqomaiSvilis mier giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli venaxis gadacemis sanacvlod fulis aRebis kvitancia (qviTari): `kvitancia 1893-sa welsa, oktombris 20-sa dResa. me, qvemore amazed xelis momweri, mcxovrebi ozurgeTs, yma igi arsen simonis Ze erqomaiSvili, ama fulebis miRebis kvitancias gaZlevT Tqven, mcxovrebsa askanis sazogadoebaSid sofelsa gvabraTs, ymas giorgis Zes vasaZes ... romel dRemandels ricxvs dawerils pirobiT mogyide Sen kuTvnili Cemdami venaxiani adgili, saxelwodebuli bego da am adgilis safasuri im pirobaSid moxsenebulia samasi maneTi naRdi vercxlisa fuli. is samasi maneTi, ese igi ocdaaTi Tumani, dRes miviRe naRdaT uklisad da var sruli kmayofili Sengan. rasa Sina Cems sakuTars xels vawer me, arsen simonis Ze erqomaiSvili. romel namdvil xelmoweril aris ama kvitanciazed sakuTris CemiTa da saxelmwifo beWdis dasmiTa vemowmebi 20-sa oktombers, 1893-sa welsa.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 askanis soflis sazogadoebis mamasaxlisi kvaWantiraZe~. qviTari damowmebulia muris mrgvali beWdiT, romelzec warwera ver ikiTxeba. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondi; sabuTi # 550/9,2). sofeli tolebi 1894 wlis 9 ivniss dawerila revaz erqomaiSvilis mier giorgi giorgis Ze vasaZisaTvis micemuli venaxis gadacemis sanacvlod fulis aRebis qviTari: `kvitancia 1894-sa welsa, ivnisis 9-sa dResa. Cven, qvemore amazed xelis momwerni, mcxovrebni qalaqs ozurgeTs, revaz ivanes Ze erqomaiSvili da Ze misi kostantine, ama fulebis miRebis kvitancias gaZlevT Tqven, mcxovrebsa askanis sazogadoebaSid, ymas giorgi giorgis Zes vasaZes mas Sina, romel dRemandels ricxvs dawerils pirobiT mogyide me Sen erTi nakveTi adgili, saxelwodebuli bego, mdebare askanis sazogadoebaSid. im pirobaSid moxsenebuli adgilis safasad - 500 maneTi. is xuTasi maneTi Cven dRes naRdi miviReT uklisad da varT sruli kmayofili. rasa Sina Cvens sakuTars xels

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 vawerT revaz erqomaiSvili, radgan revaz erqomaiSvilma wera ar icoda, mis magier, misis TxovniT da Cems magieradac xels vawer Ze misi, Svili kostantine revazis Ze erqomaiSvili. romel namdvil ama kvitanciazed xelmowerili aqvs sakuTris xeli nacvlad revaz erqomaiSvilisa, Svilsa misis kostantin erqomaiSvilisagan, mas Sina xelis moweriTa CemiTa da saxelmwifo beWdis dasmiTa vemowmebi 12-sa ivniss, 1894 wels. askanis soflis sazogadoebis mamasaxlisi kvaWantiraZe~. kvitancia damowmebulia muris mrgvali beWdiT, romelzec warwera ver ikiTxeba. (ozurgeTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi; xelnaweri fondi; sabuTi # 550/10). XX saukunis dasawyisSi, ivane, svimon, giorgi, ioane da mose vasaZeTa komlebs, amJamindeli samtrediis municipalitetis sofel tolebSi ucxovriaT (`mravalTavi~ (saqarTvelos istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiisa da folkloris samecniero sazogadoebis krebuli); I; Tb. 1964 w; gv. 29). TurqeTSi qarTvelebi gansaxlebulni arian sakmaod vrcel teritoriaze. es teritoria qarTuli materialuri da sulieri kulturis gavrcelebis areals warmoadgens. TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli nodar besalaSvili qarTulenovan gazeTSi dabeWdil werilSi `osmaleTis qarTvelebi~ aRniSnavs, rom istoriul samxreT saqarTveloSi jer kidev mravlad aris qarTveli mosaxleoba. `bevria qarTveli q. arTvinSi, romelic ociaTasamde mcxovrebs iTvlis. isini mosaxleobis mesameds Seadgenen borCxaSi - naxevarze mets. ocdaTxuTmeti sofelia qalaq facis garSemo, sadac sul qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen. klarjeTis zogierT sofelSi (mTawminda, bagineTi) mxolod qarTvelebi mosaxleoben, aseve SavSeTis 65 soflidan 18 wminda qarTulia ... qalaq unias garSemoc ocdaTxuTmeti sofelia, sadac mxolod qarTvelebi cxovroben. ordus vilaieTis asamde sofelSic aseve cxovroben qarTvelebi. qalaq inegolSi (bursis vilaieTi) 70 aTasi kaci cxovrobs, aqedan 60 aTasi qarTveli da lazia~. CvenTvis sainteresoa zemoT aRniSnul adgilebSi gavrcelebuli im qarTuli gvarebis nusxa, romelsac werilis avtori gvTavazobs: salaZe, cialaZe, niqabaZe, agaTiZe, ziadaZe, maskuliZe, fanCiZe, TurmaniZe, lasuliZe, qadagiZe, buriZe, futkaraZe, TulaZe, qaTamaZe, fetvaZe, gogitiZe, beJaniZe, onaiSvili, cecxlaZe, mesxiZe, daviTaZe, miqelaZe, jayeli, beriZe, noRaideli, sanikiZe, oqrobelaSvili, jinWaraZe, megreliZe, kobaZe, lerwaSiZe,

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 morTuliZe, lomaZe, mowyobili, xabazi, ananiZe, TamazaSvili, fanjikiZe, SaqaraSvili, xaxutaiSvili, JRenti, RenWaZe, subuqiZe, vasaZe da sxva. vasaZeTa gvarsaxelis fuZe toponimikaSic aisaxa, konkretulma adgilebma saxelwodeba maTi memkvidreobiTi saxelidan gamomdinare miiRes. savaraudod, es is ubnebi da adgilebia, romlebic am gvarCamomavlobis warmomadgenelT ekuTvnodaT, sadac ucxovriaT an dResac cxovroben vasaZeni. dRemdea Semonaxuli guriis, qvemo imereTisa da zemo maWaxelas toponimikaSi vasaZeTa gvarsaxelis fuZe: vasaZnis tba ewodeba adgils ozurgeTis municipalitetis sofel zvanSi (natanebi) da sabanaos mdinare agidayvaze, ozurgeTis municipalitetis sofel makvaneTSi; vasaZnebi - ubans samtrediis municipalitetis sofel tolebSi (al. Rlonti; `sufsanatanebis xeobebi~; Tb. 1993 w; gv. 88); vacaeTi - vasaZeebiT (vacaZe) dasaxlebul ubans sofel efratSi (n. kaxiZe; `etratze ametyvelebuli istoria~; baTumi 2013 w; gv. 49). ukvalod ar Cauvlia vasaZeTa sagvareulos Tavdadebul winaparTa garjas ... jiSi arsebobs, memkvidreoba arsebobs, niWi ar ikargeba. Jami Jams misdevs ... erTguleba, patiosneba, samarTlianoba, vaJkacoba da Tavdadebis unari Taobidan Taobas gadaecema ... gardasul dReTa dideba da pativi arc uaxloes warsulSi, XIX-XX saukuneebSi dahklebia vasaZeTa niWier da Sromismoyvare sagvareulos, romlis mravalma warmomadgenelma naTeli kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. XIX saukunis II naxevarSi Seqmnil im organizaciaTa Soris, romlebsac amagi gauweviaT qarTveli xalxis erovnuli Segnebis SenarCunebisa da ganmtkicebis saqmeSi, sapatio adgili ukavia 1879 wlis martSi daarsebul `qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas~. qarTveli xalxis erovnuli moRonierebisa da winsvlsaTvis saWiro iyo ara marto misi socialuri gaTavisufleba, aramed saqarTveloSi ganaTlebisa da mwignobrobis danergvac. am ideas xorci Seasxes: dimitri yifianma, besarion RoRoberiZem, ilia WavWavaZem da imxanad moRvawe, sxva inteligenciis mowinave wevrebma. Tavisi arsebobis manZilze (sazogadoebam arseboba 1926-1927 wlebSi Sewyvita) wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba propagandas uwevda saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTul mwerlobas. zrunavda qarTuli skolebis dafuZnebasa da saTanadod aRWurvaze. am erovnuli saqmis keTebaSi Caebnen im dros saqarTvelos gulanTebulni, rCeulni mamuliSvilni. XX saukunis dasawyisSi qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevria (1909 wlidan) ermalo

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 levanis Ze vasaZe; lixauris ganyofilebis wevria (1913 wlidan) varlam gabrielis Ze vasaZe da baTumis ganyofilebis wevria (1913 wlidan) nestor Tarxanis Ze vasaZe. XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa xelisuflebam gadawyvita politikuri sistemis SenarCunebis mizniT daewyo didi represiebi. sadamsjelo operacias saqarTveloSi didi gulmodginebiT moekidnen. saxelmwifo organoebis mier miRebuli zomebi Seexo yvela klass da socialur fenas, magram gansakuTrebiT dazaralda inteligencia. represiis msxverplni gaxdnen: gamoCenili mwerlebi, cnobili diriJorebi, literaturaTmcodneebi, saxelganTqmuli poetebi da sxvadasxva dargSi moRvawe mecnierebi. qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa didma nawilma mravali weli gadasaxlebebSi da cixeebSi gaatara. politikuri represiebi umkacresi iyo qarTveli bolSevikebisTvisac. sasjelis umaRlesi zoma - sikvdiliT dasja, daxvreta - politbiuros wevrTa xelmoweriT dadasturebuli es ganaCeni axlavs dokumentebs, romlebic am dromde sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis miuwvdomeli gaxldaT. saqarTvelodan gamqrali da gadasaxlebuli 3 600 adamianis ambavi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, mxolod ojaxis wevrebisa da STamomavlebis tkivilad rCeboda. dRes ki maTi saxelebi ganaCenis amsaxveli gacrecili saarqivo dokumentebidan masalebi, sadac miTiTebulia dabadebis TariRi da adgili, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, socialuri warmomavloba, gasamarTlebis ambavi da sxva mravali cnoba,

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 erovnuli biblioTekis vebsaitze aitvirTa da daerqva `stalinuri siebi saqarTvelodan~. Teimuraz besarionis Ze vasaZe - dabadebis adgili: ozurgeTi; dabadebis TariRi: 1902 w; partiuloba: skkp(b) wevri, partiidan garicxes 1937 wels, xalxis mtrebTan kavSiris gamo; 1938 wlis 19 aprils Teimuraz vasaZis daxvretas xels aweren: i. b. stalini, v. m. molotovi, l. m. kaganoviCi, a. Jdanovi; bralad edeba: rom iyo kontrrevoluciuri, trockistuli, meamboxe organizaciis wevri, romelic amzadebda samxedro ajanyebas sabWoTa xelisuflebis dasamxobad. hqonda davaleba erT-erTi xelmZRvanelisagan, rom moemaragebina kontrrevoluciuri organizacia masrebiTa da iaraRiT. am davalebis Sesrulebis dros kontrrevoluciuri organizaciis xelmZRvanels gadasca cecxlsasroli iaraRi; muxli: 58-1-b, 58-11; sasjelis zoma: daxvreta, piradi qonebis konfiskacia. daxvretis TariRi: 1938 wlis 30 aprili. 1944 wlis 15 noembris Rames, sabWoTa xelisuflebam samxreT saqarTvelos mTel rig raionebSi, maT Soris aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis: baTumis, qobuleTis, qedisa da xulos raionebidan, ganaxorciela mkacrad gasaidumloebuli da masStaburi operacia: regionis ramdenime aseuli sofeli erT RameSi dacarielda. aTeulobiT aTasi kaci yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis gareSe Seyares satvirTo matarebelSi da Sua aziis gzas gauyenes. XX saukunis miwuruls samtrediis municipalitetis sofel `ianeTSi repatriirebul qarTvelTa Soris bagbanovebi sanaTesaos yvelaze farTo wres asaxeleben. maT mxolod sakuTari da dedis gvaris matarebel naTesaobasTan ki ara aqvT saqorwino akrZalva, sxva naTesav-moyvrebTanac. isini ar qorwindebian nalCikSi mcxovreb SavaZeebze (dRes Saxmuradovi. gadasaxlebis win SavaZeebis erTma ganayofma dairqva erTi ojaxis bebiis mamis saxeli - Saxmuradi), ar qorwindebian aseve nalCikSi mcxovreb sisxliT naTesav vasaZeebze dRes safarovebze, moyvare iznoze da biZaSvil kamalovebze yofil baxtaZeebze (`qarTveluri memkvidreoba~; XII; 2008 weli. daviT SavianiZe; `ianeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli repatriantebis eTnoistoriidan. gvarsaxelTa eTnografiuli monacemebis mixedviT~). amgvarad, ruseTis federaciis qalaq nalCiks mcxovrebni vasaZeni dRes safarovis gvarsaxels atareben. dasasruli - Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 3 (3)

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 a n o t a c i a - masalebi sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb RvTisa da eris samsaxurSi dgoma qarTvel kacs odiTganve hqonda gacnobierebuli. yoveli qarTvelis SegnebaSi ido, rom erT Senakads warmoadgenda im didi mdinarisa, romelsac saqarTvelo hqvia. icoda, rom sagvareuloTa TanadgomiT uZlebda qarTveli xalxi uamrav Wirvarams. nebismieri sagvareulos warmoSoba, gamravleba da gansaxleba uSualo da pirdapir kavSirSia eris bedTan, radganac swored calkeul qarTul sagvareuloTa istoriaTa jami, krebuli warmoadgens saqarTvelos bolo aswleulebis matianes. TiToeuli sagvareulo eris simdidrea, ganumeorebeli da TviTmyofadia Tavisi arsiT. Sesabamisad, sagvareuloSi Semavali yoveli adamiani, eris istoriis nawilia, misi jvris mtvirTveli. sagvareulos winaSe Rirsebis dacva, Sesisxlxorcebuli hqonda gvarmodenilobis TiToeul wevrs, rameTu odiTgan kargi kacoba, karg gvariSvilobas gansazRvravda. zogierT rCeul gvariSvilTa namoRvawari uZveles matianeTa furclebzea daculi. zogierTis Rvawli da sagmiro saqmeni ki xalxis xsovnaSia Semonaxuli da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. unda aRiniSnos, rom „qarTlis cxovrebis“ - saqarTvelos istoriis cixe-simagris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wili aguri sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) ZirZvelma da saxelovanma sagvareulomac dado. Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli sigel-gujari sambelaSvilTa da samebelaSvilTa gvarsaxelebs ar ganasxvavebs. sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarsaxelis etimologia aqamde gamocemul mecnierul (lingvistur) SromebSi naklebadaa ganxiluli. naSromSi anotacia - `masalebi sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~ am Temaze detalurad arc Cven SevCerdebiT radganac, patronimis etimologiis axsna Cvens mTavar mizans ar warmoadgens. qvemoT warmogidgenT sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) memkvidrebiTi saxelis etimologiis arsebul

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 ganmartebebs. TumcaRa aqve davsZenT, rom sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarsaxeli Semdgom lingvistur kvleva-Ziebas saWiroebs. `gvaradqceuli sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sityvaa `samebeli~. `sameba~ soflis saxelwodebaa Coxataurisa da xelvaCauris municipalitetebSi, SesaZlebelia SekumSvis gziT aqedanve iyo miRebuli gvarsaxeli sambelaSvili, TumcaRa, `sambela~ sakuTari saxelic yofila kacisa Zvel saqarTveloSi da swored winapris pirsaxeli aisaxa sambelaSvilTa gvarsaxelis fuZeSi~ (i. maisuraZe; `qarTuli gvarsaxelebi~; Tb. 1981 w; gv. 142-143). amgvarad, memkvidreobiTi saxeli sambelaSvili (samebelaSvili) eponimuri tipis gvarsaxelTa rigs ganekuTvneba. eseigi mis fuZeSi fiqsirebulia winapris sagvareulos fuZemdeblis sakuTari saxeli (anTroponimi) an misi ZirZveli sacxovrisis saxelwodeba. saqarTveloSi sambelaSvilTa da samebelaSvilTa gvarsaxelTa garda sxva `samebel~ an `sambel~ - Ziriani, derivatuli (msgavs fuZiani) formis qarTuli memkvidreobiTi saxeli ar gvxvdeba (a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe; `gvarsaxelebi saqarTveloSi~; Tb. 1997 w; gv. 171). aqve unda iTqvas, rom sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarmodeniloba sakmaod Zvelia da igi XIII saukunis II naxevridan iRebs saTaves. Cvenamde moRweul istoriul wyaroebSi sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarsaxeli Zalzed mcire raodenobiT gvxvdeba. TavisTavad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu sagvareulo jer kidev XIII saukuneSi warmoiqmna, xSirad ratom ar ixsenieba momdevno wlebSi Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi? vin icis, iqneb ixsenieboda da albaT asec iqneboda magram, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi mizezebi: pirveli da umTavresi, sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarCamomavlobis mcire ricxovnobaa. Semdgomi ki imereTisa da kaxeTis samefoebSi, qarTlis samefos centralur regionebTan SedarebiT, naklebad Camoyalibebulma saxelmwifo struqturebma, Cvenamde moRweul werilobiT da istoriul wyaroTa simwire ganapiroba. agreTve is faqti, rom uamravi dokumenti ganadgurebulia Cveni umecrebiTa da upasuxismgeblobiT. saqarTveloSi bolSevizmis mZvinvarebis wlebSi, eklesiebTan erTad ganadgurda uamravi saeklesio davTari da istoriuli Rirebulebis mqone nivTi. 1271-1272 wlebSi unda daweriliyo saqarTvelos mefis daviT VI narinis (daaxloebiT 1230 wels, mcirewlovani daviTi dedam, rusudan mefem, Tanamosaydred dasva. saqarTvelos mefed zeobis wlebi 1245/1247-1293) mier xaxulis RmrTismSoblis xatisaTvis boZebuli, sofel sabanelas Sewirulobis wyalobis sigeli. sabuTidan irkveva, rom

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 sofel sabanelas mosaxle samebelaSvils/sambelaSvili (pirsaxeli ar fiqsirdeba) xaxulis RvTismSoblisaTvis Sesawirad, ormocdaaTi litra cvilis gaReba sdebia valad, romelzec monastris wesiT, kandelaks unda ezruna: daviT VI narini `q. saxeliTa RmrTisaTa, Cuen, daviT bagratoanman, Zeman sulkurTxeulisa mefeT-mefis rusudanisaman, nebiTa RmrTisaTa afxazTa,

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 qarTvelTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefeman, SarvanSa da SanSa da yovlsisa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa mpyrobelman, sasosa da mfarvelsa xaxulisa RmrTismSobelsa mowyalebiTa mindobilman, guls-vidgine mciredi ese samsaxurebeli maTi: salocvelad da saxrad sulisa Cuenisa saukunod, warsamarTebelad mefobisa Cuenisa da ZeTa CuenTa dRegrZelobisaTus, viyide sofeli sabanela, sulis mwirvelTa kanonoxis gamzrdelTagan nasyidi. aw me, unakluliTa da sruliTa fasiTa, yovelive rac maT hqoneboda mis soflisTana, kanonoxesagan viyide ... mivec fasi da muqafa sruli, romliTa Sesjerda; saTno viCine moxenebad dids monasters, xaxulis RmrTismSobels, romelman auracxelni wyalobani yvna Cemzeda, raTa yovelTa mariamobaTa dReTa kandelakis xeliTa miiRebden begarsa ormocdaaT litra cvils, romel yovelTa dReTa da RameTa, weliwdisaTa dauvsebelad da miucilebelad, saukunod Seucvalebelad, vidre queyana yofad iyos, TxuTmeti sanTeli eklesiasa Sina enTebodes, viTar moZRuars Cuens ilarions gauCenia xaxulisa RmrTismSobelsa da sxuaTa xatTaca winaSe nTebad adgilTa, da mivaTualen kandelaks, raTa misiTa xeliTa miiRebodes cvili begara. da Tu ra sasauro saqme dauvardebodes: mis soflis kacTada iqmnebodes, anu TviT Sina maT zeda, da anu gareganTagan, masac kandelaki. iurvodes, viTa didis monastris saqonelTa marTebs, miT wesiTa. sxuad ara-visi xeli Sevidodes maT zeda da SvilTa da momavalTa maTTa zeda, arca visgan ra ewyinebodes: arca moZRuarT-moZRuarTa da winamZRuarTagan da ZmaTagan, arc CuenTa xelisufalTagan da karis gasulTa mosamsaxureTagan, arca meqereTagan ra ewyinebodes. Tu ra gareT sasauri saqme iyos, masac kandelaki iurvodes. Tu sofelSigan Tu rai sasisxlo saqme iyos, masac kandelaki iurvodes ... ormocdaaTs litras cvils samebelasSvili, saRirisSvilni da momavalni misni miiRebden ... qristes Sobas dRes, amaTa asiTa litriTa cviliTa - ormocdaaTiTa sabanelauriTa da ormocdaaTiTa samebelasSviliseuliTa ese gaCenilni sanTelni dauvsebelad enTeboden da Tu rai cvili momatebul iqmnebodes, saRame-yovlo sanTeli xaxulis RmrTismSobels winaSe dainTebodes, viTar sigelSigan sweria. samebelasSvilis saqmesac kandelaki iurvodes monastris wesiTa. rome begara cvili gagviCenia xaxulisa RmrTismSoblisaTvis, ormocdaaTi litra, mas aqaiT saTaTrosa da sasvianosagan kide ara waeRebodes. da arc quTaTisis megergileTa da amiraTagan ra ewyinebodes da arc vis

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 sxvisgan da kandelakisagan kide. arc visi xeli Sevidodes samebelasSvils da mis mamulzeda, rac aris ... Tquen wmidano mRdelT-moZRuarno, afxazeTis da qarTlisa kaTalikozno, ujuarobiT daamtkiceT. daiwera sigeli da brZaneba ese Cueni indiktionsa mefobisa Cuenisasa ormocda meoresa, xeliTa sawolisa da saWurWlis mwignobrisa nikolaozisaTa ...~ (`qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi IX-XIII s.s.~; tomi I; Tb. 1984 w; gv. 175-176. sabuTis dedanic da XVII saukuneSi gadawerili piric dakargulia). `xaxulis RvTismSoblis xatis (triptiqoni)~ saxelwodeba momdinareobs, misi pirvelsabrZaneblis, xaxulis monastris (amJamad, mdebareobs TurqeTis teritoriaze) dasaxelebidan. 1106-1125 wlebSi samxreT saqarTveloSi Turq-selCukebis Semosevebis dros, erTiani saqarTvelos ubrwyinvales mefeT-mefes, daviT aRmaSenebels gadarCenis mizniT xaxulis monastridan xati gelaTis monasterSi gadaubrZanebia. rac Seexeba sofel sabanelas mdebareobas, igi amJamindeli Terjolis municipalitetis sofel nagarevis ubnis Zveli dasaxelebaa. sofel sabanelas damkvidrebulni samebelaSvilni lixT-imereTis teritoriaze mdebare sofel `samebidan~ unda iyvnen migrirebulni, radganac im xanad, Sor manZilze gadasaxleba ver xerxdeboda. amis Semdgom Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi sofel sabanelas mkvidrni samebelaSvilni aRar ixseniebian da arc maT Sesaxeb raime istoriul-eTnografiul masalas mouRwevia Cvenamde. savaraudod, es gvarCamomavloba istoriisaTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo amowyda an gvarsaxelis forma icvala da maTi STamomavalni dRes sul sxva memkvidreobiTi saxeliT dadian Cvens gverdiT. dazustebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XIII saukuneSi sofel sabanelas mosaxle samebelaSvilTa da dRes moqmed Zirad sofel yandaurel (sagarejos municipaliteti) sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareuloTa Soris aranairi kavSiri ar dgindeba. Tu sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) gvarsaxelis fuZes, `samebels~ sadaurobis aRmniSvnel sityvad miviCnevT, maSin gamarTlebulia is varaudic, rom sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) winaparT: marneulis, kaspis municipalitetebis, gare kaxeTis teritoriaze mdebare yofil sofel `samebaSi~, ninowmindis, walkis, dmanisis, Coxatauris, qobuleTis, xelvaCauris minucipalitetebis, sofel `samebaSi~ unda ecxovraT. am sofelTagan erTerTidan gare kaxeTis sofel yandauras gadmoxvewil

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 kacs sadaurobis mixedviT jer gvarsaxelad `samebeli~ an `samebela~ unda Serhqmeoda, xolo Semdgom am patronims kaxeTSi egzom gavrcelebuli `- Svil~ sufiqsi darTvia da sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) memkvidreobiT saxels amJamindeli forma miuRia. ioane bagrationis

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 XVIII saukunis II naxevarsa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi mcxovrebi TvalsaCino qarTvelis mwignobrisa da sazogado moRvawis ioane bagrationis (1768-1830 w.w; qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefis, giorgi XII-is Ze) naSromi `qarTl-kaxeTis soflebis aRwera~ mniSvnelovani wyaroa Zveli saqarTvelos istoriul-geografiuli da socialurekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. naSromi warmoadgens qarTl-kaxeTis xeobebis mixedviT maTSi mdebare soflebis CamonaTvals. sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT, zemoT CamoTvlil sofel da nasoflar `samebaTagan~ gamovarCevT ioane batoniSvilis Cvens mier motanil naSromSi dasaxelebul gare kaxeTs mdebare sofel `samebas~, romelic amJamad aRar arsebobs (naSromi sakmaod vrcelia, mogvaqvs mxolod is monakveTi, romelic gare kaxeTs mdebare sofel samebas Seexeba): `... q. gareT kaxeTi, romelic aRmosavleTis mxares aris: samefo, saTavado, saaznauro da saeklesio soflebi da adgili arian Semdgomni ese: ... ... q. sameba ...~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; S-3729). yvelaze didi albaTobiT istoriisaTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo gare kaxeTis sofel samebidan sofel yandauras Camosaxlebul kacs unda gahgvareboda patronimad sambelaSvili (samebelaSvili). gvarsaxeli erTi aqvT da Ziradac sisxlad erTni arian sofel yandauras mosaxle sambelaSvilni (samebelaSvili). romelTa sagvareulos gvarsaxelis saboloo formireba kaxeTis sofel yandauraSi momxdara. albaT upriani iqneba mokled gavecnoT sofel yandauras istorias. gomboris qedis samxreT-dasavleT kalTaze mdebare sofel yandauras Zveli saxelwodeba yandiauri yofila, romelsac safuZvlad udevs mamakacis sakuTari saxeli `yandia~. sofeli yandiauri alaverdis sakaTedro taZris sakuTrebas warmoadgenda. 1614-1617 wlebSi Sah-abasis laSqrobebma gaanadgura garekaxeTi da maT Soris sofeli yandiauric. saukunenaxevris ganmavlobaSi gapartaxebul nasoflarSi aRaravis ucxovria. XVIII saukunis bolos, 1790-ian wlebSi, sofeli yandiauri xelaxla aRadgina qarTl-kaxeTis mefem erekle II-m. xelmwifem Tavisi saxaso ymani daasaxla yandiaurSi, romelTa Soris sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) winaparic unda moviazroT. radganac mamulebi alaverdis taZars ekuTvnoda, xolo glexni mefis ymani iyvnen, soflidan aRebuli gadasaxadi orad iyofoda, mefesa da alaverdis taZars Soris. erekles mier yandauras aRdgena aRwerilia 1797 wels kaTolikos-patriarq

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 anton II-is `sofel yandiauris Taobaze~ Semdgar ganCinebaSi. ereklem sofeli saufliswulod uboZa Tavis Zes, mirian batoniSvils. JamiTi Jamad sofel yandauraSi: Sida qarTlidan, imereTidan, raWidan, samegrelodan da kaxeTis calkeuli soflebidan gadmosulni dasaxlebulan: qarTlidan - javaxiSvilni, gabrielaSvilni, glaxaSvilni, durgliSvilni, kekoSvilni, sidamoniZeni, qarTleliSvilni, xorbalaZeni; raWidan - gamyreliZeni, arCvaZeni, maisuraZeni, kobaxiZeni; imereTidan - abesaZeni, giorgaZeni, nucubiZeni, samxaraZeni, fxalaZeni; samegrelodan - Sengeliebi, romlebic Semdeg SengeliZed daewernen da sxva. 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebaSi yandaurelni aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobdnen, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda erekle II-is SviliSvili grigol bagrationi. 1812 wlis TebervalSi ori kviris ganmavlobaSi ajanyebulebma sofeli yandaura rusuli mmarTvelobisgan gaaTavisufles. sofeli yandaura 1801-1930 wlebSi Sedioda siRnaRis mazraSi. 1930 wlidan sofeli daiyo zemo da qvemo yandaurad da Sevida sagarejos raionSi. 1930-ian wlebSi yandauras mcxovrebTa nawili sofel badiaurSi Caasaxles, nawili ki qvemo yandauraSi gadavida samosaxlod. zemo yandauras wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia sofel yandaureli gaxldaT, aq mcxovrebi medaviTnis giorgi dimitris Ze fxalaZis ojaxSi dabadebuli mixeil fxalaZe. SemdgomSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi, uwmindesi da unetaresi

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 35 melqisedek III (1872-1960 w.w; sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi 1952-1960 wlebSi). sofel zemo yandauraSi uxvad gvxvdeba istoriuli Zeglebi: XIX saukuniT TariRdeba. soflis zemo yandauras ganapiras naziaanT ubanSi mdgari RvTismSoblis saxelobis darbazuli tipis eklesia. 1884 wels aRudgeniaT soflis zemo yandauras CrdiloeTiT mdebare amJamad Zalzed dazianebuli darbazuli tipis eklesia. Zveli welTaRricxvis II da I aTaswleulebis mijnas ganekuTvneba sofel zemo yandauras ganapiras CrdiloeTiT mdebare SemTxveviT aRmoCenili ormosamarxi. samarxSi aRmoCnda ivrisa da alaznis qvemo welisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli brinjaos maxvili. XIX saukunes ganekuTvneba sofel zemo yandauras CrdilodasavleTiT mdebare yvelawmindis saxelobis darbazuli tipis eklesia. XIX saukunis bolo periodiT TariRdeba sofel zemo yandauras wminda giorgis saxelobis darbazuli tipis eklesia. zemo yandauras RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia ase ubnoben yandaurelni: erTxel, rodesac mefe erekle II Tavis amalasTan erTad brZolis velidan brundeboda, ivris piras erT adgilas Seusvenia, romelsac im dros blantes da niaxuras uwodebdnen. mefes Tan xlebia niaxuraze mcxovrebi vinme mTavriSvili. am dros niaxurasa da blanteze iseTi cieba yofila, rom Turme akvanSi

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 36 mwoliaresac acaxcaxebda. mefesa da mis mxleblebs soflis TavSi erT did xesTan sufra gauSliaT. mefes moulodnelad iqve axlos SeuniSnavs pirgaRebuli moqaqane qaTami da mTavriSvilisTvis uxmia: `mTavriSvilo es ra ambavia qaTmebsac cieba xom ara aqvTo~ ukiTxavs mefes. mTavriSvils upasuxia: `mefev Tvrameti Svilidan oriRa damrCa da Tu ar dagvexmarebiT sul amovwydebiTo~. amis Semdeg mefes ubrZanebia: „saduxamde jimiTs hqondes, zeiani kakabeTso, ai am tyeSi sofel Wermis gaswvriv, yandi muxa rom dgas TqvenTvis iq momicia adgili, wadiT da icxovreTo. im sofels `yandauraani~ dauZaxeT da Sen mTavriSvilo eSmakunas dagiZaxebo~. im xanad sofel yandauraanis mijna vejinis gasayramde yofila. mefes mTavriSvilis eSmakuri Canafiqris Sesaxeb Seutyvia. swored mTavriSvilis iniciativa yofila brZolidan momaval mefes niaxurasTan Seesvena Tavis amalasTan erTad. mTavriSvils surda mefes Tavad enaxa, Tu ra saSinel mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda iq mosaxle xalxi da misTvis eTxova, rom mosaxleoba ivrisxeobidan, sadac aseTi cieba iyo gavrcelebuli, sxvagan zemoT tyeSi gadaesaxlebina da iq mieca maTTvis sacxovrebeli adgili. swored amitom Seurqmevia erT-erTi mTavriSvilisaTvis eSmakuna. erekle II

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 amasac ubnoben yandaurelni: mefe ereklis am wyalobisa da gamo, mogvianebiT niaxurasTan gamarTul brZolaSi didi wvlili SeutaniaT yandaurelT. rogorc cnobilia, 1800 wlis oqtomberSi, erekle II-is ufros vaJs giorgi XII-s (qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefe 1798-1800 wlebSi) niaxurasTan (kakabeTTan) lekTa jari gaunadgurebia, romelsac omar xani meTaurobda. niaxuras brZolaSi yandaurel malxaz gogoSvils, ioseb mTavriSvils, jaxana javaxiSvils, ivane gaimarjvaSvils, gia aduaSvils, daviT samebelaSvils da vinme aruTinas miuRiaT monawileoba. XVIII saukunis miwurulsa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi glexni samebelaSvilni (sambelaSvili) Canan, viTarca mowmeni da misandonni: qarTl-kaxeTis mefeTa, kaTolikospatriarqTa, episkoposTa, erisTavTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da uaznoTa. RmrTisa da saqarTvelosa da bagrationTa taxtis ZlierebisaTvis, samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) gvarmodenilobaTa meomarni, komlze kacad gamodiodnen: saqarTvelos erTianobis Jams imereTis memarjvened mimsvlel-mcemelTa sadroSoSi; xolo Jams gandgomisa, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo laSqarSi: Suamdgom mefis almis mpyrobel sadroSoSi, alaverdel episkoposTa droSis qveS. rusTa imperiis batonobis Jams Semdgar mraval saeklesio CanawerebSi, kameraluri aRweris davTrebsa da sxvadasxva saxis dokumentaciaSi fiqsirdeba, imxanad kaxeTs mosaxle samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) gvarmodeniloba. qvemoT movitanT XIX saukuneSi Semdgar dokumentebs, romelic egzom sainteresoa samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) sagvareulos istoriisaTvis. XIX saukuniT TariRdeba moTxrobaTa krebuli, romlis 6 v gverdis, qveda arSize, gadamwerisagan gansxvavebuli xeliTa da melniT datanilia Semdegi minaweri: `ese wigni ekuTnis daTiko samebelaSvilsa~. (centraluri saxelmwifo saistorio arqivi; qarTul xelnawerTa koleqcia; fondi 1446; wigni # 231). 1861 wels rus CinovnikT kaxeTSi morigi kameraluri aRwera CautarebiaT, romlis davTarSic sofel yandauras mosaxle, samebelaSvilTa sami komlia Setanili: 1. mixeil ninias Ze samebelaSvili - 37 wlis, mixeil Zma: adami - 34 wlis.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 ojaxSi mdedrobiTi sqesis wevri - 4 suli. 2. abram daviTis Ze samebelaSvili - 37 wlis, misi vaJiSvilni: daviTi - 3 wlis, ilia - 1 wlis, abramis Zmani: tato - 34 wlis, fridon - 23 wlis, grigol - 14 wlis. tatos vaJiSvili: aleqsandre - 8 wlis. ojaxSi mdedrobiTi sqesis wevri - 4 suli. 3. solomonis Ze samebelaSvili - 24 wlis, mixeils Zmani: giorgi - 22 wlis, levani - 10 wlis. ojaxSi mdedrobiTi sqesis wevri - 5 suli. (centraluri saistorio arqivi; fondi 254; aRwera # 2; saqme # 2136). ukvalod ar Cauvlia samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) sagvareulos Tavdadebul winaparTa garjas, rameTu jiSi arsebobs, memkvidreoba arsebobs, niWi ar ikargeba. Jami Jams misdevs ... erTguleba, vaJkacoba da

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 39 Tavdadebis unari Taobidan Taobas gadaecema ... gardasul dReTa dideba da pativi arc uaxloes warsulSi XIX-XX saukuneebSi dahklebia samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) niWier da Sromismoyvare sagvareulos, romlis mravalma warmomadgenelma naTeli kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. amJamad samebelaSvilni (sambelaSvili) ZiriTadad cxovroben: kaxeTsa (soflebSi: yandauraSi, SaSianSi, badiaurSi, dedofliswyaroSi da sxva) da qarTlSi (mcxeTis municipalitetSi). gansakuTrebiT mravlad saxloben qalaq TbilisSi. saqarTveloSi samebelaSvilTa (sambelaSvili) did-pataris, qudosanmandilosnis saerTo raodenoba ormocdaaT suls aWarbebs. mTlianad saqarTveloSi 65 suli, aqedan: TbilisSi - 26, gurjaanis municipalitetSi - 6, dedofliswyaros municipalitetSi - 5 da sxvagan ufro mcire raodenobiT (a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe; „gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi“; Tb. 1997 w; gv. 171). 2012 wlis agvistoSi Sedgenil amomrCevelTa siis mixedviT, srulwlovan sambelaSvilTa raodenoba saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da municipalitetebSi 44 suls Seadgens: Tbilisi - 20, sagarejos municipaliteti - 15, gurjaanis municipaliteti - 4, mcxeTis municipaliteti - 4, dedofliswyaros municipaliteti - 1. srulwlovan samebelaSvilTa raodenoba saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da municipalitetebSi 19 suls Seadgens: Tbilisi - 9, sagarejos municipaliteti - 2, kaspis municipaliteti - 1. RmerTma amravlos sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) ZirZveli da saxelovani sagvareulo. winamdebare `anotacia - masalebi sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~, mxolod wina etapia srulyofili naSromis SedgenisaTvis, romelSic Seva, sambelaSvilTa (samebelaSvili) sagvareulos zogadi istoriisaTvis egzom saintereso, istoriul-eTnografiuli masala da sasurveli soflis Tqveni uSualo winaparTa saeklesio Canawerebi.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 40 istoriul-SemecnebiTi video rgoli civaZeTa sagvareulo istoriis Sesaxeb s c e n a r i masalebi civaZeTa sagvareulo istoriis Sesaxeb winapris metsaxelidan moudiT gvarsaxelis fuZe civaZeT. `civa~ - Tikuni yofila kacisa Zvel saqarTveloSi. gvarsaxeli erTi aqvT da sisxlad~ saxelwodeba swored soflis pirvelmosaxleTa - civaZeTa, gvarsaxelis mixedviT miuRia. XVI saukunis Sua xanidan moyolebuli muslimTa momZlavrebisa da gamo, SavSeTs mcxovrebni vieTni civaZeni, qvemo gurias gadasulan samosaxlod, sadac Tavdapirvelad, sofel xinoSi damkvidrebulan, mogvianebiT ki civaZeTa gvarmodenilobas aWaraSi sofeli `civaZeebic~ mouSenebia. samSoblosadmi erTgulebis sanuqfod qobuleTis Temis soflebSi dagvasa da kvirikeSi mcxovreb civaZeTa gvarCamomavlobis nawils, savaraudod, XVII saukunis dasasruls aznaurobisaTvisac miuRwevia. JamTa ukuRmarTobisa da islamis rjulis msaxurTa momZlavrebisa da gamo, droTa ganmavlobaSi, vieTni, qvemo gurias mosaxle civaZeni, mahmadis rjulze Semdgaran. saqarTveloSi mcxovreb TiTqmis yvela gvarmodenilobas gaaCnia Tavis sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebani Tu legendebi ... TiToeuli aseTi gadmocema, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio aramaterialuri kulturis Zeglia da gansakuTrebul dacvasa da movla patronobas saWiroebs. dRemdea Semonaxuli Tqmuleba, aWaras mosaxle civaZeTa da qarcivaZeTa sagvareuloTa erTsisxlobis Taobaze, romelnic aqamomde biZaSviloben da erTurTSi qals ar aTxoveben. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, 1877-1882 wlebSi mimdinare muhajirobis meore talRas TurqeTSi samosaxlod gahyolia Curuqsus

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41 mcxovreb civaZeTa nawili, romelnic axlac saqarTvelos sazRvris miRma, TurqeTis teritoriaze saxloben. 1884 wels kintriSis ubnis mcxovreb civaZeTa erT komls ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis azrnauris xarisxis dabrunebis moTxovniT miumarTavs. 1912 wliT daTariRebul baTumis olqSi mcxovreb im pirTa siaSi ki, romelTac `wodebrivi kuTvnilebis Semswavlel da mimniWebel komisiaSi~ Tavad-aznaurobis xarisxSi aRdgenis Taobaze gancxadeba SeutaniaT, sofel kvirikeSi mosaxle Zmebi iusuf da rejeb xasanis Ze civaZenic saxeldebian. skender civaZe civaZeTa sagvareulos gamoCenil winaparTa Soris gansakuTrebuli aRniSnvis Rirsia aWaris pirveli mejlisis wevris eseb feraTis Ze civaZis vaJiSvilis, XX saukunis I naxevarSi moRvawe, skender civaZis Rvawli. skender civaZe mTeli cxovrebis manZilze dauRalavad ibrZoda saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa da erTianobisaTvis. aWaraSi mSobliuri enis SesanarCuneblad skender civaZis meoxebiT gaixsna araerTi qarTuli skola. skenderi gulmodgined cdilobda mahmadian da qristian qarTvelTa Soris urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas. saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdgom mimdinare wiTeli represiebi skender civaZesac Seexo. 1931 wels igi iZulebuli gaxda ojaxTan erTad TurqeTSi, qalaq amasiaSi gadasuliyo samosaxlod. skender civaZe 1967 wels emigraciaSi qalaq samsunSi aResrula. Zvelad civaZeTa sagvareulos nawils liTonis moTviniereba SesZlebiaT, odiTgan mWedlobisa da Tof-iaraRis Seqmnis saqmeSi

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 yofilan gawafulni. skender civaZis didi babuis, feraT civaZis biZis omer civaZis SviliSvili ali osmanis Ze civaZe da misi ori vaJi osmani da suleimani mWedlobis saidumlos flobdnen, romelTac im xanad egzom mcire ostatTaTvis xelmisawvdom xraxniani Tofisa da Rariani satevris keTeba exelwifebodaT. maTi xelnakeTi iaraRi axlac inaxeba ali civaZis SviliSvilis niaz-aleqsandre suleimanis Ze civaZis ojaxSi. aqamomdea Semonaxuli mWedel civaZeTa gvarmodenilobis kuTvnili ori sabeWdavic, romlebic, agreTve, baton niazs winaparTagan rgebia memkvidreobiT. niaz-aleqsandre suleimanis Ze civaZe amJamad saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad aWaras mcxovreb civaZeTa didpataris, qudosan-mandilosnis saerTo raodenoba oTxas ormocdaaT suls aWarbebs. RmerTma amravlos civaZeTa ZirZveli da saxelovani sagvareulo. QR kodis meSveobiT gadaxvalT Cvens iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia SemoqmedebiTi jgufis `genezisi~ mier momzadebuli istoriul-SemecnebiTi video-rgoli - `masalebi civaZeTa sagvareulo istoriis Sesaxeb~.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 civaZeTa sagvareulo niSni da misi ganmartebiTi baraTi eTnografiul-istoriul-genealogiuri kvlevis centri `arianqarTli~ ZiriTadad saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareuloTa istoriaTa kvlevas awarmoebs. centri, agreTve, Seiswavlis saqarTveloSi mosaxle xalxTa aramaterialuri da materialuri kulturis Zeglebs da axdens sakvlev TemaTa popularizacias. 1989 wlidan dRemde genealogiuri kvlevis centris TanamSromlebs sxvadasxva tipis Jurnal-gazeTebSi mihyavT sakuTari rubrikebi da aqveyneben statiebs. 1997-2006 wlebSi ki TanamSromloben telekompaniebTan: `iberia~, `I arxi~, `evrika~ da `imedi~, aseve arian avtorebi istoriul-SemecnebiTi satelevizio gadacemaTa ciklisa `gvariSviloba~ da `memkvidreoba~. genealogiuri kvlevis centrs „arian-qarTls“ ekuTvnis eqvsasze meti genealogiuri samecniero naSromi. organizacia, amavdroulad, xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi qarTveluri stilis sagvareulo niSnebis damkvidrebas. genealogiuri kvlevis centrSi `arian-qarTli~ damzadebuli yvela sagvareulo niSani ganTavsebulia mSrali wyobiT naSen, uZvelesi qarTveluri piqtogramebiT gaformebul qvis kedelze gamosaxul qarTuli faris fonze. civaZeTa sagvareulo niSnis SuaSi asomTavruli damwerlobiTaa gamosaxuli sagvareulos gvarsaxeli `civaZe~. rkinis salteebiT oTxad gayofil faris marcxena zeda kuTxeSi datanilia, civaZeTa gvarmodenilobis warmomavlobisa da amJamindeli gansaxlebis gaTvaliswinebiT - vaxuSti batoniSviliseuli erTiani saqarTvelos gerbi; marjvena zeda kuTxeSi gamosaxulia sofel xinos ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia, radganac aWaras damkvidrebul aznauriSvil civaZeTa gvarmodeniloba swored am mxaredan iRebs saTaves; marcxena qveda kuTxeSi gamosaxulia, aznaur civaZeTa gvarCamomavlobis sabeWdavi (sabeWdavi ewodeba sxvadasxva masalisagan gakeTebul Stamps, yalibs, xolo beWedi mis anabeWds), romelic civaZeTa sagvareulos winamZRols, baton niaz civaZes memkvidreobiT ergo; marjvena qveda kuTxeSi ki gamosaxulia civaZeTa sagvareulos socialuri mdgomareobis, aznaurTa da glexTa kategoriaTa kuTvnilebis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi - xmali (aznauri), guTani (glexi). genealogiuro kvlevis centri `arian-qarTli~

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 44 genealogiuro kvlevis centr arian-qarTlis mier qarTveluri simbolikiT Sedgenili civaZeTa sagvareulo niSani

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 ciklidan `aRwera saqarTveloisa~ sofel Tvalis (sagarejo) mcxovrebni - warsuli da awmyo amJamad, gomboris qedis samxreT-dasavleT kalTis mTiswineTSi mdinare TvalTxevis napiras moSenebul qalaqs sagarejo ewodeba. qalaqis dasaxeleba `sagarejo~ daviTgarejas monastris mamulis zogadi saxelwodebidan momdinareobs. qalaq sagarejos teritoriaze Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebi cxadyofen, rom am teritoriaze adamianis cxovrebis kvali, Zveli welTaRricxvis II aTaswleulidan Cndeba. uZvelesi werilobiTi wyaroebi~ erqva. XVIII saukunidan qarTul sigel-gujarSi Cndeba saxelwodeba `Tval-sagarejo~. XIX saukunis dasawyisidan soflis dasaxelebas sityva `Tvali~ mTlianad Camoscilda da soflis saxelwodebad mxolod `sagarejo~ damkvidrda. qalaqi sagarejo saxelwodeba sagarejo erTerTi asureli `aTcametTagani mamis~ daviTis mier VI saukuneSi daarsebul udabnos monastris saxelTan `garejTanaa~ dakavSirebuli.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 46 didi qarTveli leqsikografis sulxan-saba orbelianis cnobiT `Tvalad iTqmis wyaroTa gamosadinebeli~. amgvarad, sagarejos Zveli saxelwodeba `Tvali~, sulxan-sabaseuli ganmartebiT wyarosTanaa dakavSirebuli, rasac sagarejos Zveli toponimebi `TvalTxevi~ - eseigi `wyaroTa xevi~ da `TvalTavis wminda giorgi~ - anu `wyarosTavis wminda giorgi~ gvidastureben. marTlac, sagarejos ganTqmuli wyaros saTavesTanaa aRmarTuli `TvalTavis wminda giorgi~. Tamamad SegviZlia vivaraudoT rom sofels `Tvali~ wyaroTa simravlis gamo unda Serhqmeoda. vaxtang VI da sulxan-saba orbeliani soflis dasaxeleba `Tvalnis~ moxsenieba ki imaze migvaniSnebs, rom am saxelwodebis qveS ramdenime mcire sofeli unda yofiliyo gaerTianebuli, rasac materialur kulturis ZeglTa simravlec gvafiqrebinebs. saxelwodeba `sagarejo~ XV saukunis Sua wlebidan fiqsirdeba. Tavdapirvelad es termini garejis monastrebis mflobelobaSi myof yvela sofelsa da mamulebzed vrceldeboda. vaxuSti batoniSvili gvamcnobs: `aman miiRo saxeli, odes Seswires garejis udabnos dabnebi ese, uwodes sagarejo~ (vaxuSti batoniSvili; `saqarTvelos geografia~; Tb. 1941 w; gv. 90).

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47 vfiqrobT upriani iqneba aixsnas mraval sofelTagan, romelnic daviT garejis monastris kuTvnilebas warmoadgendnen raRa mainc da mainc sofelma Tvalma miiRo aseTi saxelwodeba? gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi faqtori, rom esa Tu is sofeli mamulebiTa da ymebiT mTlianad ki ar ekuTvnoda `garejas udabnos~ monasters, aramed nawilobriv. sofel Tvalis mamulebis didi nawili garejas hqonda Sewiruli. mis mcire nawils ki ninowmindis eklesia ganagebda. werilobiTi wyaroebidan irkveva, rom sofel TvalSi garejis monasteri, Tavis kuTvnil sxva soflebTan SedarebiT, yvelaze met yma-mamuls flobda. unda vivaraudoT, rom mogvianebiT sofeli Tvali Tavisi yvela ymiTa da mamulebiT garejis monastris gamgeblobaSi gadavida da sazogado saxeli sagarejo, romelic manamdec sxva, monastris kuTvnil sofelTan SedarebiT, yvelaze metad mas ekuTvnoda, sofel Tvalis dasaxelebad gadaiqca. xolo saxelwodeba Tvalma TandaTan Tavisi funqcia dakarga da bolos xmarebidanac amovarda. sofeli Tvali mravaljer gaxda ucxotomel momxdurTagan gaZarculi da aoxrebuli. XIV saukunis bolos, Temur lengis mravalgzis Semosevebis Sedegad, daviTgarejis samonastro cxovreba moiSala da misi kuTvnili soflebi, maT Soris Tvalic, erTiani saqarTvelos mefeT-mefem aleqsandre I-ma mcxeTis sakaTalikosos gadasca. XV saukuneSi sofeli Tvali garekaxeTis samouravos administraciuli centri gaxda. XVI saukuneSi qarTlis mefes daviT X-es kaxeTSi misi SemoerTebisa da gamo, orjer ulaSqria. sofel Tvalis mcxovrebT mxari daviT X-isaTvis dauWeriaT, risa da gamoc daviT X meore laSqrobis dros amaliT swored sagarejoSi dabanakebula. XVII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi, Sah abasis I-is laSqrobaTa Sedegad ganadgurebula miwisa piriTagan ahgvila sofeli Tvali. soflis aRdgena XVII saukunis bolo aTwleulSi, garejis monastris winamZRvrad dadgenil onofre maWutaZes dauwyia. onofre maWutaZis winamZRvrobis periodi (1690-1733 w.w.) sagarejos samouraos udides aRmavlobis xanad iqca. winamZRvars Sah abasis mier ganadgurebuli da iavarqmnili gare-kaxeTis xelmeored dasaxleba dauwyia. sofeli Tvali ise yofila ganadgurebuli, rom aqa-iq Tu SexvdebodiT tye-buCqnariT dafarul nasoflarSi saswauliT gadarCenil qarTvels. onofore maWutaZe saqarTvelos SedarebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul kuTxeebSi dadioda da mosaxleobas mouwodebda gare-kaxeTSi Camosaxlebuliyvnen. Tavdapirvelad xalxi frTxilobda da erideboda kaxeTSi gadmosaxlebas, magram SemdegSi, XVII saukunis bolosa da XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi,

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 mosaxleobas masobrivad dauwyia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosaxleba. pirvelebi vinc sofel Tvalze moisurves damkvidreba, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTidan, quruxis xeobidan Camosaxlebuli qurxulni yofilan. maT mohyoliaT Wiauris xeobidan - Wiaurelni da Semdgom sxvani da sxvani. iranidan gadmosaxlebulan jabadarni. onofre maWutaZe