yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 49 onofre maWutaZem Tvalze pirvel rigSi TavdacviTi nageboba - sagarejos cixe aRadgina. mis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli sofel Tvalze gaRmaubanSi mdebare wminda Sios yvavianis RvTismSoblis eklesiis aRdgena da gaRmaTvalze nadarbazevis goraze axali taZris ageba. moZRvars mouZebnia da Tvalze axali eklesiis asaSeneblad mouwvevia beZeni xurorTmoZRvrebi, romelTa mieracaa 1710-1712 wlebSi agebuli umSvenieresi arqiteqturuli Zegli sofel Tvalis petre - pavles saxelobis eklesia, romlis maxlobladac imxanadve aigo Rvinis marani da sastumro berebisTvis. imavdroulad, mTiuleTidan axlad CamosulTa xarjiTa da garjiT aSenda Tvalis laSaris jvris eklesia. onofre maWutaZis xelmZRvanelobiT aRdgenili iqna sofel Tvalze naTlismcemlis, wminda dodos da zemoubanSi mdebare, RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis eklesiebi. qvemoT movitanT garejis monastris winamZRvris, onofre maWutaZis mier gacemul ramodenime dokuments, romlebmac xeli Seuwyes sofel Tvalis axlad moSeneba-aRSenebis saqmes. agreTve maWutaZis garejelad zeobis dros Catarebul kaxeTis xalxTa aRweris davTris im monakveTs, romelic sofel Tvalis mosaxleobis nusxas warmoadgens. daviT garejas monasteri 1708 wlis 15 ivliss onofre winamZRvars sofel Tvalsa da patarZeuls mosaxle daviT garejis monastris ymaTaTvis siTarxnisa da sauris (XVI–XVIII saukuneebSi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iranis Sahis sasargeblod dawesebuli xarki) gadasaxadTa amokveTis sigeli ganuaxlebia: `q. nebiTa da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa ese mouSlel-Seucvalebeli, yovlis mizezisagan Sorad ganSorebuli, yovlis gziT mizezSemouRebeli sabolood damtkicebul-gaTavebuli sigeli dagideviT da giboZeT Cven
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 winamZRvarman onofrem Tquen erTobilT wmidis daviTis ymaTa TvalelTa da patarZeulelTa, ase da ama pirsa zeda, rom: wmindis daviTis saflavsa da monasterzed, diaR, bevri gaisajeniT, Tqvengan SeuZlebeli Wirnaxuli dadeviT, Wiri bevri gaCveneT, Zneli da Tavgausveli. Cven es pasuxi giyaviT: yovlis saxemwifo, samourao, samoxeliosagan xemwifebisagan, darbaisel-efiskopozisagan, siTarxnis da sauris amokveTis wignebi agarTviT. rogoraTac ZvelaT kideve amgvari siTarxnis wignebi xemwifebis gqondaT da JamTa viTarebisagan da qveynis cvalebisagan gujari Tqvenica wamxdariyo da monastrisaca, da xelaxla xemwifis sigelic agarTviT da darbaisel efiskoposTa, yvelasagan gagiaxleT, is xemwifeT gujrebic Tqven mogeciT da es Cemi gujarica da saficaric. vinca da ramanc adamis monaTesavema: an xemwifema, anda Tavadma, efiskopozma, an im alagis winamZRvarma da krebulma Tqvenis Wirnaxulis da sisxlis daRvris sapasuxo sauris wigni da sigeli Tqven gagitexos da mogiSalos, risxavs pirvelad RmerTi samebiT erTi, yovelni wmindani misni zecisani da qveynisani, xorcielni da uxorconi; da Se-mca-edebis keTri gezisi, mexis datexa dioskoresi, SimTvili iudasi, xorciT STanTqma daTan da abironisi, nuraraTamca iqmnebis xsna sulisa misisa jojoxeTisagan, iudasTanamc iqnebis nawili da samkvidrebeli misi. CemTa da TqvenTa orTave pasuxis mimcemi iyos dResa mas meored mosvlisa misisasa. xolo damamtkicebeli amisi RmerTman kurTxeul yos. daiwera sigeli ese mkaTaTvis TxuTmets gasuls xeliTa mgalobeli mwignobrisa iakobisiTa. qoronikons tJv (1708 w.)~. beWedi: `mona RTisa daviT garejis. winamZRvari maWutaZe onofre~ xelrTva: `onofre~ beWedi: `maqsime~ (centraluri saistorio arqivi; fondi 1448; sab. # 1491). 1690-1733 wlebSi, daviT garejis monastris winamZRvrad onofre maWutaZis zeobis dros dawerila daviT garejis udabnos monastris kuTvnil da monastrisaTvis, winamZRvris mier Sematebul memkvidre ymaTa nusxa: `q. onofre winamZRvars es mibarebia memkvidre Tvalze ... ... Tvalzed aris: q. moZmanaSvili kvamli a (1). q. misi ganayofi kvamli a (1),
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 q. kurdRelaSvili kvamli a (1); q. Jateli kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili ramaza kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili giorgi kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili Sio kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili basili kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili qitias Svilebi kvamli a (1), q. mWedliSvili maxarobeli kvamli a (1), q. yazaraSvili baisoRula kvamli a (1), q. yazaraSvili nurala kvamli a (1), q. mTiuliSvili zuraba moxele kvamli a (1), q. imisi ganyofi basila da jafariZe kvamli a (1), q. meRvrekeli kvamli a (1), q. iordanaSvilebi kvamli a (1), q. vedriaSvili kvamli a (1), q. ferinoziSvili kvamli a (1). Sematebuli da dasaxlebuli es aris onofre winamZRvrisa ... ... Tvalze: daviT garejas monasteri q. nasxida da irema kvamli a (1), q. xebrielaSvili kvamli a (1),
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 52 q. meZmaSvili Tevdore kvamli a (1), q. buzariaSvili kvamli a (1), q. meZmaSvili Teodore kvamli a (1), q. meZmaSvili ebala kvamli a (1), q. marexaSvili kvamli a (1), q. lasurauli Tevdore kvamli a (1), q. lasurauli iese kvamli a (1), q. miqelaSvili manuCara kvamli a (1), q. berikaSvili kvamli a (1), q. feiqari zuraba kvamli a (1), q. qaleliSvili lazare kvamli a (1), q. akofaSvili elizbara kvamli a (1), q. akofaSvili grigor kvamli a (1), q. fetvia (fetviaSvili) kvamli a (1), q. guglia (gugliaSvili) kvamli a (1), q. naRebaSvili kvamli a (1). q. guZliaSvili kvamli a (1), q. kuda (kudaSvili) maxara kvamli a (1).~ sabuTis ukana mxares datanilia Semdegi minaweri: `q. dudaurebs debia rva sapalne Rvino, oci litra lebani, ori litra sanTeli~. (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Ad-421). 1712 welTan dawerila daviT garejis udabnos monastris winamZRvris onofre maWutaZis mier monastrisaTvis boZebuli Sewirulobis gujari (sabuTi sakmaod vrcelia, amitom mogvaqvs SemoklebiT): `... (vrceli saRvTismetyvelo Sesavali) ... xolo Cuen, masasoebelma Senman, codvilman da yovelTa monazonTa unarCvevesman, mtkicesa ama sarwmunoebasa zeda myofman maWutaZe onofre, yofilman onisiforem, winamZRvarma ama Senisa udabnoisman, wmidao daviT garejelo viRvawe da vimuSave kninni eseni da SevsZine wmidasa samarxosa Sensa, raTa meox meqmna winaSe RmerTisa dResa amas didsa gankiTxvisasa. rameTu qoronikoni iyo qristes aqaT aTas Svidas aTormeti, qarTvelTa mefeT-mefisa, yovlad uZlevelsa, mxnisa da axovanisa, didisa da didad saxelganTqmulis Teimuraz kaxT mefeT-mefis Zis Zisa, pirvelis ereklesa da dedofalT-dedoflisa annasi da Zisa maTisa imamyuli kaxT mefisa da Zmisa maTisa Teimurazisa; mravalmc arian welni cxovrebisa maTisani.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 53 xolo maTis SewevniTa da xelis momarTviTa aRvaSene: udabnosa Sina saydari iovane maxarobelisa da kvalad palatebi da sxvani kveTilni kldis saxlebi, galavani da koSkebi da saydris kankeli bevris xarjgaweviT murasad daxatuli; da Sevamkev patiosnis xatiTa, jvariTa, siwmindis iaraRiTa, SesamoseliTa da wignebiTa ... (Semdeg modis daviT garejis udabnos monastris qonebis vrceli nusxa) ... ... rac patarZeulsa da Tvalze wmidis daviTis yma da mamuli momebara, imas garda Cemgan nasyidi (buzariaSvili kvamli erTi) da Sematebuli mamulebi: patarZeuls: kavTela (kavTeliSvili) kvamli erTi. Tvalze: nasxida da irema kvamli erTi, xebrielaSvili kvamli erTi, meZmaSvili Tevdore kvamli erTi, meZmaSvili ebala kvamli erTi, maxaraSvilebi kvamli erTi, lasurauli Tevdore kvamli erTi, lasurauli iese kvamli erTi, miqelaSvili manuCara kvamli erTi, berikaSvili kvamli erTi, feiqari zuraba kvamli erTi, aleliSvili lazare kvamli erTi, akofaSvili elizbara kvamli erTi, gugulia kvamli erTi, naRebaSvili kvamli erTi, kvirikauli kvamli erTi. ori mamuli mimicia xaxvaSvilisagan nasyidi, TavisTvis samkvidrod mimicia da ambroaSvilis mamuli kvirikauli; es ori imisTvis mimicia ... ... amas gareT uwindeli xelmwifisagan Semowiruli da an winamZRvrebisagan dasaxlebuli Tvalze da patarZeuls: aris patarZeulis: laferiSvili kvamli a (1), estataSvili kvamli a (1), usufaSvili kvamli a (1), turikaSvili kvamli a (1); Jateli kvamli a (1); karwaralias saxliskaci kvamli a (1), tabarukas garda mamulianni. aris Tvalze: moZmanaSvili kvamli a (1), misi ganayofi kvamli a (1), kurdRelaSvili kvamli a (1); kidev Tvalze Jateli kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili ramaza kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili giorgi kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili Sio kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili basili kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili-qitiaSvilebi kvamli a (1), mWedliSvili maxarobeli kvamli a (1), yazaraSvili baisoRula kvamli a (1), yazaraSvili nurala kvamli a (1), mTiuliSvili zuraba moxele kvamli a (1), imisi ganyofi basila da jafariZe kvamli a (1), meRvrekeli kvamli a (1), iordanaSvilebi kvamli a (1), medriaSvili kvamli a (1), ferinoziSvili kvamli a (1)~. beWedi: `q. mona RvTisa daviT-garejis winamZRvari maWutaZe onofre~ xelrTva: `winamZRvari onisifore bovneli maqsime~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Ad-1028). XVIII saukunis I meoTxeds miekuTvneba kaxeTis xalxTa aRweris davTari, romlisac Cvenamde mxolod rva nawyvetma moaRwia (xelnawerTa
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 erovnuli centri: Hd-1603, Hd-1605, Hd-1607, Hd-1608, Hd-1609, Hd1610, Hd-1625, Hd-5186). nusxebs JamTa ukuRmarTobis gamo qiziyisa da TuS-fSav-xevsureTis aRwerebi aklia. davTari sakmaod vrcelia, mogvaqvs mxolod sofel Tvalis mosaxleTa aRweris nusxa. wminda Sios yvavianis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia `... q. aris Tvalzed batonis yma: q. iakob mgalobeli aznauSvili molaSqre. q. gogitasSvili Sermazan - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. yorRanasSvili beri azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beJan yorRanas Svili azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amis ganayofi sulxan - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. kveraSvili giorgi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 q. nadira mezvrisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. Sermazan kurdRelasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. iaseSvili ivane - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. iakobobisSvili (iakobiSvili) papua - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. ivaneSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. demetre ramazaSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi b (2), Tofi b (2). q. beri dreiZe - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. mamuka gretiaSvili azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amoana misi ganayofi azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. kurdRelaSvili farsadan - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. laxare avlabreli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. mamuCisSvili onana - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. oRlanasSvili beJan - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. avlabreli xucia - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. javaxisSvili zaza - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. ambruasSvili beri azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. Saverdi misi ganayofi azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. xaxviasSvili Cito - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. eliozisSvili oTari azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. gulikasSvili daviT - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. bedoSvili quruxuli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. eTibarasSvili estate - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. giliSvili zaza - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. sanago quruxuli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beri quruxuli (qurxuli) - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. goderZi misi Zma - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. papuna misi ganayofi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. xucisSvili maxarebeli azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. giorgi misi Zma - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 56 q. somxisSvili zurab - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amis ganayofi daTuna - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. ramaza gilasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. iremaSvili giorgi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. gilasSvili estate - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. gilaSvili mgelo q. Sio amisi ganayofi, axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. daTuna quruxuli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. baindur quruxuli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beri TamazasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. demetre estatesSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beri pankelasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. basila misi ganayofi, axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). qalaqi sagarejo q. Citua pankelasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. goderZi nacvlis Zma azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amis yma Sio - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. umarilosSvili xamxaZe - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. gulbaTis Svili wamala - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beruka misi ganayofi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. ramaza qurdaSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. misi ganayofi focxvera - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 57 q. pavle nakulasSvili azadi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. gziri kurdRelasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. turia maxarasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. mWdeli ivanesSvili bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. xatia kokis oboli. ... ilaurusSvili oboli. ... giorgi duriZes oboli. ... avlabreli giorglas oboli. q. nadirasSvili beri - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. meTefSis oboli. q. iase bazieri. q. estate mejinibis oboli. q. daviTa kveraSvilis oboli ayrili. q. xamxaZe xaxviasSvilis amowyvetili. q. iase avlabreli amowyvetili. q. maxarasSvili daTuna avlabreli. q. lekisSvili qitia ayrili. q. ramaz qalTamzisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. laliasSvili demetre - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. aqve Tvalzed ninowmindlis yma: q. rostiasSvili beri salTxucesi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amisi ganayofi xucia - kvamli a (1), Tavi b (2), Tofi b (2). q. daviTa SaaqarasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. zal maqaras Svili mogele - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. kuWaSvili baindura - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. elizbara kuWasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. Saverdi kuWasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beria qurTisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. iase qurTisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. urdulaZe focxvera kvamli a (1), Tavi b (2), Tofi b (2). q. Wiaureli aTaneli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. laferisSvili giuna - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. darispanaSvili zaqaria - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. Saverdi misi ganayofi - kvamli a (1), Tavi b (2), Tofi b (2).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 58 q. bediasSvili petre - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q mWedeli bediasSvili axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. nonia mamiasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. maTiasSvili Sermazan - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amis ganayofi focxvera - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. demetre TuSi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beruka mamamTavari - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. berua sulikasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. daviTa xucesi sulikasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. mgeli sulikasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. papuSas Svili qitia - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. janvarasSvili qitia - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. Tamaz gveslias - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. CunTaSvili xatisa - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. azariasSvili qitesa - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. TaTeozisSvili xucia - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beria nagziralisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. oqropiri nagziralisSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beri mRerasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. lomsaSvili Wutila bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. fridon kuWasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. lavleli demetre - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. maxarebeli lavreli dekanowzi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. lambiasSvili lazaoe - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. estate lavreli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. rostomasSvili beruka - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. focxvera rostomasSvili axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. amis ganayofi nasyida - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. yandiasSvili papua - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. daviTa yandiasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. giorgi demetresSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. zurabasSvili demetre - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 59 q. roWikasSvili giorgi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. misi ganayofi Tamaza - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. axijanasSvili petre bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. giorgi orkomneli axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. xerua mzareuli bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. nania xabazi - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. mirvelasSvili nasyida - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beri tabaruki bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). > q. mebaRe bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). > q. gandoveli bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. usulodisSvili bogano - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). q. beJan lafrisSvili axalgayrili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi a (1). TvalTavis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia q. qona amowyvetili. q. gigola bogano. q. elizbara bogano.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 60 q. jvarisSvili amowyvetili. q. dekanozi amowyvetili. q. tarexasSvili oboli. q. beTanieli bogano. q. gziri daTuna. q. aqav Tvalzed wmindis daviTis yma: q. zuraba mTiulisSvili mogele - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. laferisSvili baram - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. ivane kawariasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. navroza RoReli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. rama Jateli - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. daTuka turikasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. focxvera estatesSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a). q. ramaza usufasSvili - kvamli a (1), Tavi a (1), Tofi (a) ...~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Hd-1605). petre-pavles saxelobis eklesia garejis monastris winamZRvar onofre maWutaZis meoxebiT, garekaxeTis meore saxelad sagarejo damkvidrda da monastris kuTvnil
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 61 yvelaze did sofels, Tvals ki sagarejo ewoda. sofel Tvalis xelaxla aRmaSenebeli winamZRvari onofre maWutaZe Tvalzed Tavisive aSenebul petre-pavles eklesiis ezoSia dakrZaluli. 1741 wels sofeli Tvali iranelTa marbielTa razmebma aaoxres. gviandel Sua saukuneebSi soflad gaxSirda lekTa TareSic. sofeli Tvali, mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze da Semdgomac, mniSvnelovan strategiul-ekonomikuri punqts warmoadgenda. aq gadioda Tbilisidan kaxeTSi mimavali savaWro-satranzito gza. sofelze gadioda, agreTve, ukanamxris `cxvris gzis~ erTi toti, romliTac fSavelebs, erwo-Tianelebs da TuSebs cxvari Siraqidan sazafxulo saZovrebze gadahyavdaT. sadReisod, sagarejos Zvel dasaxelebas - Tvals, mxolod masze Camomavali mdinare TvalTxevisa da soflis erT-erTi uZvelesi salocavis Tval-wminda giorgis eklesiis saxelwodebebiRa Segvaxseneben. 1929 wels sagarejo gaxda garekaxeTis raionis centri, romelsac 1933 wels sagarejos raioni ewoda. 1962 wels sagarejom miiRo qalaqis statusi. amJamad qalaq sagarejoSi, Semdegi sagvareuloTa warmomadgenelni cxovroben: abazaSvili, abelaSvili, abulaSvili, abulaZe, agulaSvili, avaliSvili, azariaSvili, aznauraSvili, aTabegaSvili, aTuaSvili, aladaSvili, alboraSvili, alboriSvili, aleqsaSvili, aleqsiSvili, aluRiSvili, andriaSvili, anuaSvili, aroSvili, arsenaSvili, arseniSvili, arCuaZe, axalkaciSvili, axverdaSvili, baboiZe, babuniZe, bazeraSvili, baiaSvili, bairamaSvili, baramaSvili, barbaqaZe, barixaSvili, basilauri, basilaSvili, baslikaSvili, baqaraSvili, baRaTriSvili, baRdadaSvili, baCiaSvili, baCoSvili, begaSvili, begiaSvili, bediaSvili, beitriSvili, beJaniSvili, beJaSvili, beJitaSvili, beriaSvili, bermamukeli, beciaSvili, bilaniSvili, bolaTaSvili, boraSvili, boWoriZe, brolaSvili, buzaraSvili, buzariaSvili, buziaSvili, buCaSvili, buCukuri, buCxrikiZe, buWyuraSvili, bujiaSvili, gabaSvili, gabrelaSvili, gabroSvili, gagelaSvili, gagniaSvili, ganjaSvili, garsiaSvili, gaxutelaSvili, gengaSvili, gziriSvili, gigoSvili, giviSvili, gilaSvili, giqoraSvili, goginaSvili, gogitaSvili, gogniaSvili, gogolaZe, goderZiSvili, gonaSvili, gonitaSvili, goraSvili, gorelaSvili, goreliSvili, gratiaSvili, grZelaSvili, gugutiSvili, gulaRaSvili, gulisaSvili, guluRaSvili, guraspiSvili, gurgeniSvili, gusariSvili, guCaSvili, dabaxiSvili, davdgiriZe, daviTelaSvili, daTunaSvili, dalbaSvili, darispanaSvili,
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 62 devdariZe, dinoSvili, diRmelaSvili, dodaSvili, dolaZe, dolenjaSvili, dulariZe, duliaSvili, duriSvili, duCiZe, egidunaSvili, elerdaSvili, elizbaraSvili, elmeTaSvili, emraSvili, esaiaSvili, eqvTimiSvili, varazanaSvili, varazaSvili, varaziSvili, vardiaSvili, varsimaSvili, vaWriSvili, veSapiZe, zalikaSvili, zalikaniani, ziraqiSvili, zukakiSvili, TamazaSvili, TandilaSvili, TarimanaSvili, TarimaniSvili, TafliaSvili, TediaSvili, TevdoraSvili, TolomaSvili, TofalaSvili, TofaZe, TuSiSvili, ianvaraSvili, ianqoSvili, ivanelaSvili, ivaniaSvili, imedaSvili, imerliSvili, inaSvili, kavTeliSvili, kavTuaSvili, kakaSvili, kakutaSvili, kanaSvili, kanjaraSvili, kaciaSvili, kevliSvili, keratiSvili, kvezereli, kveraSvili, kikilaSvili, kiknaZe, kikoleiSvili, kobiaSvili, koniaSvili, kotoraSvili, kotoSaSvili, koWlamazaSvili, koxtaSvili, krixeli, kunelaSvili, kurdRelaSvili, kusraSvili, kuWuaSvili, lazaSvili, lasuraSvili, lafaCiSvili, laferiSvili, legaSvili, liqokeli, lobJaniZe, luaSvili, lukaSvili, mazaniSvili, maTiaSvili, maisaSvili, mamisaSvili, mamisimedaSvili, mamniaSvili, mamulaSvili, mamuCiSvili, margebaZe, maridaSvili, marixaSvili, martaSvili, matiaSvili, maCuriZe, maCxaSvili, maxaraSvili, maxarikaSvili, maxarobliSvili, medulaSvili, mezvriSvili, mekokiSvili, mekoSkiSvili, mestviriSvili, meurmiSvili, meqvevriSvili, mexaSiSvili, mirzikaSvili, mosiaSvili, msuqniSvili, muCiaSvili, mRebriSvili, mRvdelaZe, mRvdliSvili, mWedliSvili, mxargrZeli, nadiraSvili, naTiZe, nakulaSvili, nanuaSvili, narimaniSvili, nasyidaSvili, nacvliSvili, nemsiaSvili, nibloSvili, nikolaSvili, ninaSvili, ninoSvili, nukraZe, ozgeldaSvili, onaSvili, onikaSvili, orkoSneli, osefaSvili, osiaSvili, osiymiSvili, otiaSvili, oqromWedliSvili, paatiSvili, pankelaSvili, papuaSvili, papunaSvili, pasikaSvili, paqsaSvili, petriaSvili, pitiuriSvili, JameraSvili, JulakaSvili, revazaSvili, rostiaSvili, rostomaSvili, roWikaSvili, ruaZe, sabanaSvili, sabiaSvili, saginaSvili, sadaRiSvili, samadaSvili, samxarauli samxTuaSvili, sanayoSvili, saCeCelaSvili, saxlTxuciSvili, seTuri, svimoniSvili, siboSvili, sidamaSvili, simoniSvili, sifraSvili, soniZe, sorozniSvili, sulikaSvili, suramliSvili, suxiaSvili, taveliSvili, tatiSvili, tbeliSvili, teriSvili, terteraSvili, teteloSvili, tetiaSvili, tiginaSvili, topeSaSvili, tuxaSvili, unafqoSvili, urdulaSvili, ustiaSvili, ucunaSvili, fareSiSvili, fafelaSvili, fafiaSvili, faSaliSvili, feiqriSvili, filauri, firyulaSvili, ficxelauri, focxveraSvili, qaixosroSvili, qalaquraSvili, qarTveliSvili,
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 63 qarTleliSvili, qarumiZe, qevxiSvili, qvliviZe, qiziyuraSvili, qistauri, qitoSvili, qmosteli, qoqraSvili, qumelaSvili, qumsiaSvili, qurdovaniZe, qurTiaSvili, qurTiSvili, qurxuli, qusikaSvili, RvdelaZe, RvTisavriSvili, RvinaSvili, RviniaSvili, RrubelaSvili, yavriSvili, yandiaSvili, yandinaSvili, yiasaSvili, yorRanaSvili, yuSitaSvili, SaTiriSvili, SaqaraSvili, SaSiaSvili, SioSvili, SiSniaSvili, SoSiaSvili, CalaTaSvili, CandiSvili, CarbodaSvili, CaxmaxaSvili, CekuriSvili, CerqeziSvili, CitalaZe, CitrekaSvili, Cobalauri Cobalauri, CokoSvili, cankaSvili, cxvariaSvili, ZabilaSvili, ZamukaSvili, ZirkveliSvili, ZuliaSvili, wivilaSvili, wiTelauri, wowkolauri, WamiaSvili, WaWaSvili, WaWukaSvili, WeSuraSvili, WiaberaSvili, Wiaureli, WikartaZe, WinWarauli, xabaziSvili, xabaraSvili, xaraSvili, xarebaSvili, xatiaSvili, mxebrelaSvili, xvTisavriSvili, xiTaraSvili, xipaSvili, xmalaZe, xositaSvili, xoxobaSvili, xubuluri, xugaSvili, xuciSvili, xucurauli, jabadari, javaxiSvili, jamalaSvili, jangulaSvili, janiaSvili, janibegaSvili, janyaraSvili, jafoSvili, jaWvaZe, jiRauri, jiRauriSvili, joxaZe. qalaqi sagarejo
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 64 ciklidan qarTveluri sarwmunoeba `dideba pirvel morige xvTaebasa yvelaze Zliersa da ufrossa, morige RmerTsa, qveyanierebis wes-rigis damdebsa ...~ amonaridi xevisberis locvidan qarTvelur xalxebTan mebrZol dev-kerpTa raobisaTvis uZveles qarTvelur rwmena-warmodgenis Taobaze Cvenamde moRweul gadmocemebSi mravladaa Semonaxuli devTa vinaobisa da zneobis amsaxveli Tqmulebani. legendebSi dev-kerpni, adamianTa damTrgunvel, borot, goliaTur Zalebs warmoadgenen. mravalricxovan religiurmiTologiur TqmulebebSi, romelTa Soris ZiriTadi nawili uWiravs TuS-fSav-xevsureTisa da mTiuleT-gudamayris zepirsityvierebas, ZiriTadad asaxulia RTisSvilTa mier devTa winaaRmdeg warmoebuli Seudrekeli, Tavdadebuli, samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola. am gadmocemebs garkveuli msgavseba eZebnebaT zogadqarTul: svanur, megrul, qarTlur, raWul da sxva mxareTa TqmulebebTan. qarTvelTa miTologiur legendebSi daculi personaJi - devi miuxedavad maTi zogierTi egzom ganmansxvavebeli Tvisebisa, metnaklebad imeorebs msoflios xalxTa legendebSi arsebul msgavs arsebaTa vizualsa da xasiaTs. devi qarTul miTologiur personaJTa dasSi erT-erTi mTavari aqtiorTagania, romelic metnaklebi msgavsebiT, Tqmulebebidan TqmulebebSi gadadis. gadmocemebSi devis garegnoba da zogierTi Tviseba icvleba, TumcaRa devis Sinagani buneba ucvleli rCeba, isini saqveynos mcxovrebTa nebazed mZlavroben da `Zals uyvian~ xalxzed. `dev-kerpT eWiraT qveyana, xmeleTi miwa-myaria, anadgurebdnen kacebsa, rogorc nadirma cxvaria. datyvevebulma obolma RvTisSvilTa vTxove Zalia, gamovreviyav devebsa,
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 65 mkvdarze meyara mkvdaria. ... maSin daSindnen kerpebi, erTurTze darCaT Tvalia ...~ mizezTa da mizezTa gamo, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos mTianeTSi didi rudunebiT Semonaxul religiur TqmulebebSi, romelnic gardasul droTa cocxal matianes warmoadgenen, miTologiuri arseba dev-kerpi yovelgvari borotisa da avis simbolod moiazreba. devebi qarTul folklorSi umTavresad xorcieli saxiT arian warmodgenilni da Sesabamisad, sakuTari saxelebiT moixseniebian. TqmulebebSi devTa xasiaTi adamianur bunebasTan mimsgavsebuladaa gadmocemuli. devTa Taobazed arsebul zepirsityvier teqstebSi dafiqsirebulia uamravi faqti, romelic maTi qmediTunarianobis, SuRlis, brZolisa da Sromis unars adasturebs. personaJi devi gvxvdeba agreTve zRaprebSic, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom zRaparsa da miTologiur gadmocemas Soris didi sxvaobaa. zRapari Semoqmedebis nayofia da masSi warmosaxul sasurvels,
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 66 privilegirebuli adgili ukavia. zRaparSi kargi yovelTvis imarjvebs da avi marcxdeba. miTi ki namdvilobis pretenziis matarebelia, sikeTesa da borotebas Soris warmoebuli brZolis saswori aqeT-iqiT ixreba. Sesabamisad yofadoba ufro realuri da xelSesaxebi xdeba. rogorc ukve iTqva, dev-kerpTa da RvTisSvilTa dapirispireba qarTuli moTologiuri siuJet~, `karTani~, `verxvelas devebTan brZolis Taobaze~ da `kopala da iaxsari - devebis mebrZolni~ (ixileT Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w.). andrezTa mixedviT, dev-kerpTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, RvTisSvilebTan erTad ibrZvian da Rirseuli adgili ukaviaT jvarxatebs. sikeTis mxares mebrZolTa Rvawlis warmoCenisas mTqmelni tendenciurni arian da upiratesobas im RvTisSvilT an xats aniWeben, romlis mowmeni da momlocvelnic Tavad arian. qarTvel xalxTa wes-CveulebaTa, TqmulebaTa da ritualTa aRweris saqmeSi uaRresad didi Rvawli miuZRvis gamoCenil qarTvel eTnologs, aleqsi oCiaurs (1892-1972 w.w.). am mxriv Zalzed sainteresoa mis mier XX saukunis II naxevramde Cawerili teqstebi. aleqsi oCiauri mTis Svili gaxldaT da kargad icnobda fSav-xevsurTa rwmena-warmodgenebs da amitomac sasiqadulo mamuliSvils ar gasWirvebia mTielTa yofis amsaxveli ritualebis, Temuri wes-adaTebis da religiuri gadmocemebis dawvrilebiT aRwera. romelnic im xanad, jer kidev TiTqmis pirvandel saxes atarebdnen. oCiauris mier Cawerili masalebidan gamoqveynebulia: 1988 wels `qarTuli xalxuri dReobebis kalendari~ (xevsureTi, arxotis Temi) da 1991 wels `qarTuli xalxuri dResaswaulebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi~ (fSavi). aleqsi oCiauris gamoucemel CanawerTa nawili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis arqivSia daculi. qarTvel xalxTa wesCveulebaTa aRweris mxriv, agreTve, aRsaniSnavia TinaTin oCiauris naSromi `miTologiuri gadmocemebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi~, romelSic safuZvlianadaa ganxiluli devTa cxovrebisa da saqmianobis konkretuli detalebi, devTa socialuri yofis amsaxveli masala da devTa dasaxlebuli teritoriebi. erT-erT TavSi `dev-kerpTa gandevna iaxsarisa da kopalas mier~ - mkvlevari aRniSnavs: `garda imisa, rom devTa gandevnasTan dakavSirebuli brZolebis gaTvaliswineba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis garkveuli teritoriidan mtrulad ganwyobili mosaxleobis gandevnis process, igi agreTve am brZolaTa marSrutebisa da punqtebis dadgenis SesaZleblobasac iZleva~. sxvadasxva sacavebSia Semonaxuli da dRis
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 67 sinaTlis xilvas elodeba uamrav mTqmelTagan Cawerili Tqmulebani morige RmerTis mier xeldasmul xvTisSvilTa da dev-kerpTa brZolis ambebi, romelnic devTa nasaxlarebis, garegnobis, Zmadnaficobis, moyvrobisa da mosisxleobis Sesaxeb mdidar masalas inaxaven. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi SemorCenili zepirsityvierebis brwyinvale nimuSebi, romelTa msgavsi gadmocemebi samwuxarod, barSi didi xnis win daikarga an gauferulda, warmodgenas gviqmnian dev-kerpTa bunebasa da maTi niSan-Tvisebebis raobaze. gudamayris xeobaSi, sakerpoSi devTa nasaxlarebia SemorCenili, romelTa binadarTa daxasiaTeba araerT gadmocemas Semounaxavs. `sakerpo zemoT aris, iq mxolod namosaxlarebia ... kerpebi iyvnen da imitom hqvia es saxeli. am adgilas cudi fuZea. am adgilebSi devebi ar gviSveben rom icxovro ...~ termins `kerpi~ sulxan-saba orbeliani Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `esaa aCrdili arsebisa, gina warmarTi cru RmerTi, gina xeliT qmnili~. rac Seexeba sityva `devs~, igi iranul warmoSobisad miiCneva. amJamad, Cven kvlav sulxan-sabaseul ganmartebaze SevCerdebiT: `devi somxurad eSmaksa hqvian; xolo qarTulad romelTame werilTa Sina devi gveleSapis adgils aRuweriaT da gareSeTa weriliTa, romeli
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 68 sawarmarTo aRuweriaT, av-saxe kacis msgavsi, rqiani~. sulxan-saba garkveviT miuTiTebs saxelis siZvelesa da araqarTul warmoSobaze, amasTan SesaZleblad miiCnevs mis miTiur arsebobasa da amiT gvawvdis mniSvnelovan miniSnebas winaqristianul qarTveluri sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb. devi moixsenieba Cvenamde moRweul pirvelsave uZveles qarTul literaturul ZeglSi `SuSanikis wameba~, roca ganrisxebuli dedofali varsqens mimarTavs: `mamaman Senman wmindani Semoixvna saxid Tvisa, xolo Sen devni Semoixven~. moRalate meuRlis wilnayroba borotebasTan am fraziTaa xazgasmuli. miTologiur gadmocemebSi dev-kerpebi epikur nawarmoebTa personaJTa darad moqmedeben, rogorc cal-calke, individualurad, agreTve jgufurad da sxva borot ZalebTan erTobliobaSi. TqmulebebSi devebTan gansakuTrebuli siaxloviT qaj-eSmakni gamoirCevian. qarTul enaSi qaji da eSmaki xSirad sinonimebia, rac miTologiuri gadmocemebiTac dasturdeba. devTa damxmared xan erTi, xan meore demonuri personaJi figurirebs. TinaTin oCiauris azriT, `dev-kerpebis saxels amofarebuli Cans swored is Crdilokavkasiuri mosaxleoba, romelic garkveul istoriul epoqaSi binadrobda Cvens mTaSi qarTvel mTielebTan erTad. saxelwodeba devi, am SemTxvevaSi uSualod romelime xalxis eTnikuri saxelwodeba ki ar aris, rogorc amas zogi fiqrobs, aramed jadosnurzRapruli samyarodan aRebuli terminia mtrulad ganwyobili mowinaaRmdegis Sesarqmevad~. gadmocemebis mixedviT, kidev erTi friad salanZRavi sityva da devis epiTetia xevsureTSi `pirmzoriani~, rac pirmyrals niSnavs, radgan devi leSTWamiad moiazreba. erT-erTi Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, am TvisebiT cnobs devs RvTisSvili kopala, romelsac Tavidan sumbata baaduri egona: `Cem SaSineba undao da sumbatad imiT mameCvenao. xel ar Sauqcia ... magram Saatyo kopalam rom xorcielis leS edva mucelSia~ maSin kopalam samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola gaumarTa devs da sZlia kidec kaciWamias. epiTeti `pirmzoriani~ xSirad sakulto teqstebSic gvxvdeba. borot ZalTagan, wyalSi damxrCvalisa Tu zvaviT daRupulTa sulis dasaxsnel jvaris mawevris saxeliT cnobil ritualze, rogorc cnobilia, medroSe kopalas eniT iwyebs xmamaRla qadagobas: `pirmzoriano, sa waxol, Cemi laxtiT maTraxiT miwaSi gagrev. xeli ar gaqvs, pirmzoriano, xTis sulCadgmul xorcielTan. me or gmir kopala, me maqvs Zali, SaZleba xTisagan malocvili pirmzorianT gasaTelad~.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 69 TuSTa warmodgeniT devi RamiT eZaxis adamians da vnebs saqonels. xalxuri gadmocemebis mixedviT, Zlieri da saSinelia devT xma: `... bakvsis devebi yvirian, xandukT cixes azanzarebeno ...~ sofeli roSka xevsurTa warmodgenaSi `devT-deda~ eSmak-macilTa dedad moiazreba. sofel roSkSi `cixuras~ salocavi dgas, sadac qalebi sawir-saklaviT midian da devT dedis saxelze loculoben. didi qarTveli eTnografi sergi makalaTia gvamcnobs: `visac devT deda daamizezebs, mas igi eSmakebs miusevs da daavadebs. eSmakebi emterebian bavSvebsa da boColebs. eSmakebisagan dazaralebuli xevsuri sawir-saklaviT midis devT dedis niSTan da Svebas SesTxovs, devT dedas sanTlebsac unTeben da zogjer sadobilo kverebsac ucxoben~. devis Tayvaniscemis faqts, qarTul sinamdvileSi saidumlod `uweso, gadabrunebuli angelozis~ - devT mimarT Sesrulebuli rituali asaxavs, romelic saxlis angelozis sawinaaRmdego `sadiaco mxaris bnel kuTxeSi~ sruldeboda da `pirobiTad SeiZleba qalTa locva ewodos~. `memkvidreobiTi cnobiereba~ miTiur personaJTa mraval sakuTar saxelebs inaxavs, romelnic eris leqsikur fondSi gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs. devebi qarTul folklorSi umTavresad pirovnebaTa saxiT arian warmodgenilni da Sesabamisad, ZiriTadad anTroponimebiTa da zedwodebebiT moixseniebian.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 70 devis tba - sofel moxvasTan sakulto-sasuliero teqstebSi gvxvdeba devTa kompaqturi dasaxlebani. maTi monogamiuri ojaxebi, sadac ramdenime Zma erTad cxovrobs. xSirad figurireben maTi mSoblebi da Svilebi, romelnic xorcielTa msgavsad mravldebian da adamianuri sisusteebi maTTvis ucxo ar aris: icinian, xumroben, SuRloben, omoben, Tanadgomas ucxadeben erTmaneTs, aSeneben saxlebsa da cixedarbazebs. gaaCniaT saxelmwifo da hyavT mefe, rCeuli falavnebi, romlnic saWiroebis Jams awarmoeben molaparakebebs an TavganwirviT ibrZvian: `maSin devebi cxovrobdnen karTanaSi. erTi xelmwife yavdaT. maTi falavnebi iyvnen: musa, beRela da avTandili. devebis xelmwife iyo cixeTgors da iqidan samarTlobda. krebasac aq iwvevda devebisas. roca devebs raime sabrZolo gamouCndebodaT, xelmwife daibarebda cixeTgors da iq moisaubrebdnen saerTo saqmeze. kidev iyo devebi iorzedac. iqauri devebic aqauri devebis xelmwifes emorCilebodnen da mis brZanebas asrulebdnen~. devebi, rogorc qarTuli, aseve ucxouri warmoSobis adamianTa sakuTari saxelebiT iwodebian: melania, abrami, SanSi, verxvela da sxva. gadmocemebiT Sav-Savgvremanis fersa Tu devT Savbnel saqmianobas ukavSirdeba saxeli - SavSalika, romlis qarTuli etimologia daudgenelia. miTologiur TqmulebebSi cnobilia misi Zmebis saxelebic: `safSav-xevsureTo gza eWiraT devebs da mgzavrebs ar uSvebdnen. am devebSi yvelaze ganTqmuli sami Zma yofila: SavSalika, avTandili da migri~. xaSarSi Casuli kopalasa da iaxsaris sagmiro saqmis amsaxvel poetur teqstebSi gvxvdeba devebis Semdegi sakuTari saxelebi:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 71 `barda, beRela Caxoca, musasac guli stkioda, xaSrula (mdinare) imTven ar iyo, rac imaT sisxli sdioda~. mTqmelebi xSirad TviTonve iZlevian devT saxelebis ganmartebas: `gamxveura am devs imitom erqva, rom is gamxvivebuli iyo colSviliTac da cxovrebiTac~. xevsuruli teqstebis mixedviT: `sumbata eqvivna erT devsa. is devi yvelaze qebuli iyva, xmeleTze dadioda, daeZebda xalxsa ...~ mixeil giorgis Ze WinWaraulis gadmocemiT: `devT saxelad gamigonav, jabagani da facxveri. jabagani imas qvinebulasav, moxucebisagan gamigonav qmris magivrad ro meeCven. facxveric Zma yofil jabaganisai. im facxvers ara Caudenavis, rosac dedakacs maSCvenebivas. imisad uTqvamis romav Zmai myavav kidevav Cemze gametebuliv – facxveriv~. roSkis wyali da devebis qvebi devebis saxeliT moazrebul personaJTa mimarT qarTvel mTielTa mtruli damokidebuleba vlindeba maTi ucodinar, gaugebar, sulel an uWkuo arsebebad warmodgeniT. erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad, devi `yofil kidev, carqia qvivnebulas, cota Wkvanakleb yofilasav isev~. saxels carqia, ukve xsenebul facxverTan erTad, xalxur poeziaSic vxvdebiT:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 72 `devebs carqia maukvda ucodar iyva Savbneli. - magas cxen unda urbolnaT aimas fiqrobs facxveri ..." vfiqrobT `carqia~ metsaxelia da ara sakuTari saxeli, rac mis calrqianobaze migvaniSnebs. qarTvelur uZveles gadmocemebSi devT wesisa da rjulis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs vxvdebiT: `jRana devis saxelia. erT kac ukenakoel yofilas; mas eCvenebodes devebi. imis naubari. rjuli xqondav, mec iq wamomiyvanesav. jRanaurSiiTav jRana maiyvanesav, iorze as jRanauri. iqav nacnobebm devebm dammalesav. erTma Tqvavev xorcielis suli asav da uTxresav sxvebmav, ro aq asav Cven megobariv, Cven erTguliv, nurafers etyviv imasav. is rjulic xevsurulad iyvav. mec sityva gavRrievi rjulSiav~. devT saxelebze damajereblad saubroben sofel qmotSic: `devT saxelad gamigonav bera, baWiWauri, WibRoeli~. xSir SemTxvevaSi es saxelebi devT sadaurobis maCvenebelicaa. vfiqrobT, aRniSnul TqmulebebSi devTaTvis zedmetsaxelTa, xSirad ki adamianTa pirsaxelTa miniWeba SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. saxezea ori mezobeli, sxvadasxva tomis xalxTa Tanaarseboba, romelTa urTierTobani JamTa svlam miTiur saburvelSi gahxvia. devisxvreli - sofeli laSe, xandebis klde
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 devis wyevla qarTvelTa memkvidreobiT mexsierebaSi Semonaxulma personaJma devma droTa ganmavlobaSi cvlileba ganicada da gvian feodaluri xanis droindel gadmocemebSi muslimTa aRmniSvnel simbolod iqcai. devi im droindel qarTveli kacis cnobierebaSi araqristianobis eqvivalentad asocirdeboda. amitomac, mogvianebiT warmoqmnil qarTul miTebSi xalxi riyavs, aZevebs im adamianebs, romlebic devebTan megobroben. TumcaRa, devni bolomde ver hguoben adamianTa modgmas, qarTvelT da maTTan megobroba autaneli xdeba. rac sabolood deviTa da adamianTa dapirispirebaSi gadadis. Cvens gverdiT devis arseboba, istoriisaTvis arcTu ise didi xnis, sul raRac, orsaukunenaxevris win dasturdeba. Sida qarTlis mTianeTSi mdebare qsnis xeobam adreve miiqcia mkvlevarTa yuradReba. umSvenieresi materialuri kulturis Zeglebis, marto sofel saZegurSi aRmoCenili Zvirfasi arqeologiuri monapovari - `axalgoris ganZi~ rad Rirs; unikaluri saistorio wyaroebis, romelTa Soris, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos `Zegli erisTavTa~ da mdidari aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobis Zeglebis - zepiri gadmocemebis, tradiciuli musikis, cekvis, ritualebis, da xalxuri rewvis siuxvem ganapiroba. Cvens mier qvemoT motanili analizi, aragvel narimaniZeTa sagvareulodan gamoyofil, qsnis xeobaSi damkvidrebul CitiSvilTa gvarmodenilobis, gelitaanT Sto-gvaris wevrTa da devis daZmobilebis ambavs Seexeba. didi qarTveli eTnografi aleqsi oCiauri devTa Taobazed gvamcnobs: `devebi saxiT adamians Rgvan. tanad ufro didebia da mTel tanze bardRli asxia, leqsSiac ase amboben: `mec vnaxen imis ZuZuni, bardRl esxa rogorc melasa. welT Taobas ki sru esxa, vin Sinjavs imis qvenasa~.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 74 axalgoris ganZi - sasafeTqleebi Rone Zalian didi aqvs, magram kacs roca Saembis, Zals uwons. dambadeblisagan neba ara aqvs visac Saembis imaze meti Rone ixmaros. devisTvis Sembmel kacs rac Rone aqvs, devmac imdeni Rone unda gamoiyenos, ramdeni Ronec am kacs aqvs, visac ebrZvis.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 75 devebi eSmakebTan SedarebiT ufro dinji da mSvidi arsebania. kacisaTvis gaficva gaZmobilebac ician da mosisxleobac Zalian ician. Tu devi mokla kacma, mere imis gvars yovelTvis eSinian, devis sisxli gvmarTebs da ar SegvrCebao. martoebi da nametnavad RamiT arsad wavlen. devebi Tavis mosisxles banze gaeyrebian RamiT da saxli sul daiZvris. devi Tofian kacs ver ebrZvis. Tu Tofianma kacma devi Sors dainaxa, tyuiladac ro gaisrolos Tofi, tyvia mainc devs moxvdeba da moklavs. devi tyviisaTvis uklo (uiRblo, ubeduri) ariso, ityodnen da amitom eSinian iaraRiani kacisaganao. devma kacTan brZolaSi misi mopirdapiris ZaliT unda ibrZolos, magram devis nabrZols misi naxelurebi lurjad etyoboda, sadac is xels mokidebda, naTiTurebi sul galurjdeboda. an Tu silas Semokravda, isac kargad daetyoboda. Tu devi kacs gauZmobildeboda, kacisaTvis sasargeblo iyo. bevr rames gaagebinebda da xels Seuwyobda cxovrebaSi. dandobac Zalian icoda, rom Tavis Zmobils Tavis dReSi ar uRalatebda da misTvis Tavs dasdebda~. (aleqsi oCiauri; `Tqmulebebi xevsurul RvTebaTa da RvTisSvilTa Sesaxeb~; Tb. 1938 w; istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis eTnologiis arqivi). cxrazmis xeoba sofel CitiaanTkarSi mcxovreb CitiSvilTa sagvareulos gelitaanT Sto-gvaris wevrTa Taobaze mogviTxrobs cxrazmis xeobaSi Semonaxuli erTi Tqmuleba:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 76 `Zmadnafici devi cxrazmis xeobis sofel CitianSi, romelsac Sua saukuneebSi kldeT moixseniebdnen, saxloben gvarad CitiSvilebi. maTive TqmiT, maTi mamapapa aragvis xeobidan gadmosula. zepiri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, CitiSvilTa gvaris erT-erT Stos - da maT cxra Zmas beRelTaSi (klde Citinis samxreT-dasavleTiT) Zmad Seficul devTan erTad ucxovriaT. cxra Zma mas meaTe Zmad iTvlida da saerTod `aT Zmad~ iwodebodnen, ris gamoc mezoblebi cudi TvaliT uyurebdnen, radgan araqristian, borot, pirmZorian devTan Zmobdnen da megobrobdnen. `aTi Zma~ erTad asrulebda yovelgvar samuSaoebs. Zmebi soflis ukan `gluv mTebSi~ Tibavdnen. cxra Zmis naTibs devi saRamos xvetavda da zurgze mokidebuli saxlSi mihqonda. SromaSi gadioda wlebi, erTad xnavdnen, Tesavdnen, mkidnen, Tibavdnen da tkbilad cxovrobdnen, magram devi Tavis devobas ar iSlida, Zmebs zevidan uyurebda. mas SiSi arafris hqonda garda Weqaquxilisa da mexisa. Zmebma es kargad icodnen da devTan ar amJRavnebdnen. erT mSvenier uRrublo, Takara dRes, `aTi Zma~ soflis ukan mkida. sadilobis dro axlovdeboda. devma wamowola da dasveneba moiwadina. iqve CrdilSi miwva, namgali TaviT daido da daZinebamde ZmaTSeficulT daubara. `Tu caze Rrubeli gamoCndes gamaRviZeTo!~ devis daZineba da caze Savi Rrublebis gamoCena erTi iyo. amovardnili qari Rrublebs gelitaanT yanis Tavze aquCebda. Zmebi mixvdnen, rom ca sawvimrad emzadeboda. Tumc axsovdaT devis pirmZoroba, boroteba, avyioba da gadawyvites Tavidan moeSorebinaT arasasurveli meaTe Zma. male qari Cadga. wamosul wvimas Rvar-cofi da mexTa tkrciali mohyva. Zmebi didron xeebs Seefarnen devi ki mexdakruli da damwvari borgavda Soriaxlos. mixvda ZmadnaficTagan Ralats da sikvdilis win daswyevla cxra Zma gelitaani: `iyaviT, iarsebeT codvilad cal Rerze da ar gamravldeT~. amis Tqma da devis sikvdili erTi iyo. TiTqos bunebam ar apatia Semdgom Zmebs devis Ralati da is saxnav saTesi sadac devi mokvda mewyerma Caitana dabla Walis CitianT xevSi (iq amJamad sami Citiania: klde Citiani, cixe Citiani da Walis Citiani), xolo namewyral adgilze sadac ki devis sisxlma gaJona naZvi amovida da dResac mosaxleoba im adgilebs naZvnars eZaxis.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 77 rac Seexeba gelitaanT, marTlac maleve moewiaT devis wyevla. xanZari gasCeniaT RamiT da cxra Zmidan mxolod erTiRa darCenila, maT Stos dResac `gelitaanT~ eZaxian. gelitaani mezoblebma jer kidev devis sicocxleSive SeiZules. xalxma iCoTira, ar apatia Zmadnaficoba pirmZorian devTan da ganaCeni erTob mkacri gamoutanes: gelitaani TaTrebad Seracxes. marTalia maT devis Tavidan moSorebiT gamoisyides danaSauli, magram maTi TaTrobis ambavma samwuxarod Tu ara samwuxarod Cvenamde moaRwia~. (valeri qenqaZe; `qsnuri zepirsityvierebis qaragozi~; Tb. 2008 w; gv. 46-47). sofeli Citiani TqmulebaSi gadmocemuli ambis namdviloba istoriuli werilobiTi wyaroebiT dasturdeba. razec qvemod gveqneba dawvrilebiT saubari. Cveni msjeloba albaT aqamomde moRweul qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi qsnisxevel, CitianTkarel CitiSvilTa gvarsaxelis gamoCenidan, XVIII saukunis II naxevridan, unda daviwyoT. 1774 wlis 1 ianvriT daTariRebul, qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erekle II-is brZanebiT Catarebul qsnis xeobis xalxTa aRweris davTarSi, sofel CitianTkarSi mosaxle CitiSvilnic Canan, romelTa gvarsaxelic nusxaSi qsnis xevisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `-an~ sufiqsiTaa gaformebuli da `CitianTis~ formiTaa Setanili. aRweris davTari sakmaod vrcelia, amitom mogvaqvs mxolod sofel CitianTkaris mcxovrebTa nusxa:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 78 `... CitianT kars qsnis erisTavis yma, amav mouravis saxelo (baSarul maxarebelis samourao): q. CitianT (CitiSvili) focxveras Svili - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - gamixardi da martia. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) beris Svili - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - kacia. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) Sermazanis Svili - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - amiriZe da elisbar. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) basilas Svili - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - gamixardi. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) Sermazanis Svili - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - sexnia. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) basilas Svili - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - patarkaci. aqav CitianT (CitiSvili) narimanis Svili - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - giorgi. iqna memkvidris jami: komli z (7), Tavi T (9) ...~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Qd-8013). aRweris davTridan irkveva, rom im xanad qsnis xeobis sofel CitianT karSi CitiSvilTa (CitianT) Svid komls ucxovria, romelnic sabatono (qsnis erisTavi) glexTa kategorias miekuTvnebodnen. 1781 wliT TariRdeba, Cvenamde moRweuli Semdgomi istoriuli wyaro, qsnis xeobis xalxTa morig aRweris davTari, romelSic kvlav Canan qsnis xevis sofel CitianTkarSi mosaxle CitiSvilni. davTari sakmaod vrcelia, amitom mogvaqvs mxolod sofel CitianTkaris mcxovrebTa nusxa: `... cxrazmas CitianT karidam amasive saxelo (baSarulis sixarulis samourao): q. basilas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - kacia. aqav basilas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - giorgi da basila. aqav narimanis Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - beri da glaxa. aqav gelitas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - glaxa. aqav gelitas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - Sermazan. iqna jami memkvidrisa: komli e (5), Tavi z (7) ...~
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 79 (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Qd-8014). Cvens xelTaa agreTve 1781 wliT daTariRebuli qsnis xeobis mcxovrebTa kidev erTi aRweris davTari, romelic CitiSvilTa sagvareuloze TiTqmis igive cnobebs gvaZlevs, rac wina 1781 wliT daTariRebuli, wina aRweris davTari. davTari sakmaod vrcelia, amitom, mogvaqvs mxolod sofel CitianTkaris mcxovrebTa nusxa: sofeli Citiani `... CitianT karidam: q. basilas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - kacia. q. basilas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - giorgi, basila. q. narimanis Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi b (2) - beri, glaxa. q. gelitas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - glaxa. q. gelitas Svili (CitiSvili) - komli a (1), Tavi a (1) - Sermazan ...~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Qd-7167). 1774 wels qsnis xeobis xalxTa aRweris davTarSi sofel CitianTkars mosaxle CitiSvilTa Svidi komli fiqsirdeba. 1781 wlis
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 80 aRwerebSi ki, imave sofelSi, CitiSvilTa mxolod xuTi komlia moxseniebuli. ra SeemTxva 1774 wels CitianT kars mcxovreb CitiSvilTa komlTa im nawils, romlebic 1781 wlis aRweraSi aRar Canan istoriisaTvis ucnobia. savaraudoa, rom CitianTkars mosaxle CitiSvilTa es ojaxebi mciremiwianobasa da siRaribes gaeridebodnen da uxvmiwian Sida qarTlis baris soflebSi gadasuliyvnen samosaxlod. Cvens mier zemoT motanil dokumentTa analizi cxadyofs, rom 1774 wlis aRwerasa da 1781 wlis aRwerebs Soris, gasuli Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi sofel CitianTkars CitiSvil gelitas SvilTa ori ojaxi - glaxa da Sermazan CitiSvilTa komobebi Sematebia. sofeli Citiani
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 81 Cvens mier zemoT motanili gadmocema swored Crdilo kavkasiis mTianeTidan istoriisaTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo, cxrazmis xeobaSi gadmosaxlebul mahmadis rjulis mimdevar kacis - devisa (qarTvel xalxTa mier Seqmnil gviandroindel legendebSi `devi~ muslimi pirovnebis aRmniSvneli sinonimia) da cxra Zma, gelitaanT CitiSvilTa daZmobilebis ambavs mogviTxrobs. legendis Tanaxmad - droTa ganmavlobaSi maTi `Zmoba~ autaneli gamxdara. erTmaneTs ver hguobs muslimuri da qristianuli mentaliteti. devTan odesRac daZmobilebul cxra Zmas sasikvdilod gaumetebia pirmZoriani devi da sofel CitianTkaridan devTan damegobrebisa da gamo gandevnilni gelitaanT CitiSvilni sacxovreblad kvlav mSobliur sofels dabrunebian. Tu davakavSirebT Tqmulebasa da Cvens mier motanil qsnis xeobis aRweris davTrebs, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom 1774 wels gelitaanT CitiSvilT soflisgan moSorebiT gariyulad unda ecxovraT da samefo laSqris aRwera, swored amisa da gamo, maT ar SexebiaT. 1781 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad, sofl CitianT karSi gelitaanT CitiSvilTa ori komli Cndeba. eWvgareSea CitiSvilTa gelitaanT Sto-gvaris wevrni sofels ukan miuRia da isini Tavis ZirZvel sacxovriss sofl CitianTSi samosaxlod dabrunebulan, Sesabamisad legendaSi gadmocemuli devis mokvdinebis ambavi swored 1774-1781 wlebSi am Svidi wlis manZilze unda momxdariyo. da kidev erTi, devis mier dawyevlili CitiSvilTa sagvareuloSi arsebuli gelitaanTebis Sto-gvaris wevrni aqamomde ver mravldebian da am bolo, orsaukunenaxevris manZilze yovelTvis erT an or komobas iTvlian. daijerebT Tu ara devebis arsebobas, daijerebT Tu ara maTi wyevlis Zalas, es Tqveni gadasawyvetia. gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi ki albaT Cvens mier zemoT motanili istoriul-eTnografiuli masala dagexmarebaT.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 82 ciklidan `qarTlis cxovrebis~ miviwyebuli furclebi Jamni avbedobisanni qarTl-kaxeTis dapyrobis Semdgom ruseTis imperiam energiulad mokida xeli kavkasiuri placdarmis gafarToebas. am saqmis qmnadobaSi mniSvnelovani warmatebebi moipova saqarTvelos mmarTvelad 1804 wels daniSnulma generalma pavle cicianovma (ciciSvili). rusul `nravze~ aRzrdili pavle, ra Tqma unda kavkasiaSi rusTa imperiis interesebis gamtareblad gvevlineba. cicianovma umal rusul `stroize~ gamarTa aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da imperiis gafarToeba Savi zRvis mimarTulebiTac ganagrZo. pavle cicianovi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 83 XIX saukunis damdegs dasavleT saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo viTareba egzom daZabuli gaxldaT. imerT xelmwife solomon II, im xanad, jer kidev rusuli orientaciis momxreTa banakSi moiazreboda, magram 1801 wels rusTa imperiis mier Cadenilma ganukiTxaobam, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos calmxrivad gauqmebam, agrZnobina solomon II-es rom rusuli orientacia dasavleT saqarTvelosac msgavs xvedrs umzadebda. Sesabamisad solomon II-em 1793 wlis mfarvelobiT `giorgievskis traqtatis~ pirobebis SenarCunebisaTvis ganagrZo brZola da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefo taxtze erekles Zis iulon batoniSvilis gamefebas dauWira mxari. rusuli `carizmi~ ki imereTis samefo taxtisagan solomonis Camocilebisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroTa TandaTanobiT mierTebis pirobebs amzadebda. aleqsandre tormasovi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 84 pirveli samTavro, romelzec dasavleT saqarTveloSi ruseTis gavlena gavrcelda, samegrelo gaxldaT. 1803 wlis ivlisSi grigol dadianma ruseTis qveSevdromobis fici dado. Semdeg igive nabiji gadadga guriis mTavarmac. martod-marto darCenili solomon II iZulebuli gaxda Tavadac ruseTis qveSevrdomobaze daTanxmebuliyo. 1804 wlis 25 aprils sofel elaznaurSi gaformda SeTanxmeba, romliTac imereTis samefo ruseTis mflobelobaSi Sedioda imave pirobiT, rogoriTac samegrelos samTavro. amis Semdeg cicianovma daiwyo afxazeTis saqmeebSic Careva. magram afxazeTSi osmaleTis batonoba grZeldeboda da am mxaris SeerTebisaTvis arsebiTi nabijis gadadgma ruseTs jer kidev ar SeeZlo. cicianovis Semdgomni saqarTvelos mmarTvelni didis mecadineobiT agrZelebdnen Savi zRvis mimarTulebiT mdebare qarTuli teritoriebis eqspansiis mcdelobebs. 1805 wels ruseT-TurqeTis omis dawyebis Semdgom, dasavleT saqarTvelos rusTa imperiis dapyrobisadmi swrafva sagrZnoblad gacxovelda. solomoni xvdeboda, rom ruseTis xelisufleba mas dapatimrebas da bagrationTa sxva ojaxebis msgavsad ruseTSi gadasaxlebas umzadebda. imerT xelmwife quTaiss gaecala da Tavi axalcixis mxaris soflebs Seafara. 1810 wlis TebervalSi saqarTvelos mTavarmarTebulma aleqsandre tormasovma solomoni molaparakebaze miiwvia, TumcaRa, rusTa `nravis~ Sesabamisad, mefe muxanaTurad daatyveva da ruseTSi gadasaxlebis mizniT, Tbiliss Caiyvana. mefis erTgul pirTa mecadineobiT moxerxda solomoni II-is patimrobidan malulad gamoxsna da axalcixeSi gapareba. amieridan imereTis mefe rus dampyroblebTan winaaRmdeg aSkara Seurigebel brZolaze gadavida da saTaveSi Caudga 1810 wlis imereTis ajanyebas. solomon II
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 85 rusulma `carizmma~ dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyroba iaraRiTa da ZaladobiT ganaxorciela, saokupacio reJims adgilobrivi mosaxleoba mtrulad Sexvda. solomon mefis momxre Tavad-aznaurobis erTi nawili tyeSi gaixizna da partizanul brZolaze gadavida. soflebSi Cayenebuli saegzekucio samxedro nawilebi mosaxleobas ganukiTxavad Zarcvavdnen. xalxis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi ufro mZime gaxldaT, vidre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. imereTis samefosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mciremiwianobisa da Tavad-aznauruli fenis simravlis gamo. imereTis samefos rusTa mier okupaciis Semdgom, pirvelive wlebSi lixT-imereTs Tavs daatyda stiqiuri ubedurebani: mkacri zamTari da Semdgom didi wyaldidoba, ramac Wirnaxuli mTlianad gaanadgura. 1811 wels masobriv SimSilobas Savi Wiris epidemiac mohyva, romelic samxreT saqarTvelodan gavrcelda. ambobdnen, generalma tormasovma axalcixidan Semoitanao. SimSilobam da saxadma marto erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 32.750 kaci imsxverpla. xalxi rkosa da vazis rtoebis nafqvaviT, xis ZirebiTa da balaxiT ikvebeboda. mosaxleobis erTi nawili imereTidan aiyara da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi gadasaxlda. kavkasiis mTavarmarTebeli aleqsi ermolovi imereTSi Seqmnil mdgomareobas, sadac 1810 wlis omis gamo mravlad iyo dauTesavi mamulebi, ase axasiaTebs: `imereTSi mZvinvare uZlieresi Savi Wiri da SimSili imdenad saSineli iyo, rom mamebi TavianT Svilebs samudamod monobaSi yididnen lukmapurisTivs, sasowarkveTili dedebi ki SimSilisagan galeul bavSvebs tyeSi da Saragzaze tovebdneno". Cvenamde moRweuli imdroindeli werilobiTi wyaroebi mkafiod asaxavs imxanad lixT-imereTSi Seqmnil ukidures viTarebas. caiSis sakaTedro taZari
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 86 1812 wlis 7 ianvars dawerila aznaur beko ioselianis mier grigol caiSelisaTvis (eriskacobaSi grigol Ciqovani; caiSlad zeobis wlebi 1777-1823) micemuli ymaTa lazarika afxazaZisa, misi Svilis daTiela afxazaZis da zaqaria xaWapuriZis nasyidobis wigni: `yovlad samRvdelos caiSel mitropolits grigols es saudeo nasyidobis wigni mogarTviT me zaal ioselianis Svilma bekom, ama pirsa zeda, rom miWirda didad da Cemi siZe, Tqveni Zmiswuli spiridon Ciqovans SvamdgomlobiT samojalabo kaci mogyideT lazarika afxazaZe da misi Svili daTiela da mesame biWi xaWapuriZe zaqaria as marCilad, cxeni waviyvane da samoci qila simindi kidev miboZe. oTxmoci gTxoveT qila simindi, magram es Cemi miyiduli kacis sulebi metad naavadmyofari da SimSilisa welmowyvetili iyvnen da aprilis gardasulamde iqauri moyolilis sneulebiT Tu am samma Senman mociqulman kacebman ar mokudao an oc qila siminds mogcemo da an miss fassao da SegjerdiT da aw ase wigni saudeo momicemia, arc me da arc Cemma momavalma da mogvarem da arc sxvam amaSid ar gedavos, ase usadeo momiyidia TqvenTvis. aris mowme TviT RmerTi da yoveli misi wmindani. kacTagan Tqveni Zmiswuli mRvdel-monazoni ioane, Tqveni Zmiswuli miqel Ciqovani da ioseliani luka. welsa Cyib (1812 w.). ianvris z (7)-sa~. (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Hd-2509). sabuTSi moxseniebulni, sneulebisa da SimSilisagan sikvdilis piras misulni glexni, lazarika afxazaZe, misi Svili daTiela afxazaZe da zaqaria xaWapuriZe mojalabeTa kategorias miekuTvnebian. mojalabe - yma glexTa umdablesi socialuri fenaa XVII-XIX saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi. dokumentebSi mojalabe zogjer iwodeba mesadgomed an mosaxled (samegreloSi - dolmaxare). mojalabe iyo tyve, namziTi an nasyidi adamiani. mas sakuTari miwa da kar-midamo ar gaaCnda, Tavisi ojaxiT mebatonis karze cxovrobda, mis srul gankargulebaSi iyo da yvelaze mZime da saTakilo samuSaoebs asrulebda (Roris mwyemsva, SeSis damzadeba, Romis cexva). batons SeeZlo mojalabis ojaxis wevrebi calcalke gaeyida. mojalabes qaliSvilis gaTxovebac ekrZaleboda. igi TiTqmis monur mdgomareobaSi iyo im gansxvavebiT, rom batons misi mokvlis ufleba ar hqonda. glexis gadayvana mojalabis kategoriaSi sasjelis erT-erT umZimes zomad iTvleboda. 1812 wlis 30 ianvars dawerila qriSobela kostavas mier Tavad daviT TarxanisaTvis (TarxniSvili, Tarxan-mouravi) micemuli Svilis nasyidobis wigni:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 87 `q. ese nasyidobis wigni mogeci me qriSobela kostavam Tqven Tavads Tarxans daviTs; - asre rom gamiWirda da SimSiliT mikvdeboda Cemi Svili darijana da mogyide es Cemi Svili darijana da fasic sruli gamogarTvi, rogorc guli Sejerdeboda da vinc amisi modave mogadges, pasuxi Cven gavsceT. aris amis mowame da gamrige: qaquCa papiZe, amirejibi mouravi svimon, me, mRudels daviTs damiweria am qriSobelas sityviT da mowamec var am werilisa. ianveis l (30), qoronikons qristes aqeT Cyib (1812 w.)~. (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Hd-2842). sabuTSi moxseniebuli glexi, qriSobela kostava imereTs mkvidri unda iyos, romelis komobac, jer Sav Wirs da Semdgom, 1811 wlis mousavlianobas welSi gadautexavs. ojaxis wevrTa SimSiliT sikvdilisagan xsnis mxolod erTi gzaRa aqvs darCenili qriSobela kostavas - Wirsa da mousavlianobas SedarebiT gadarCenil regionSi - qarTlSi gaasxvisos Tavisi ojaxis wevri da amiT, rogorc gasyiduli piri, agreTve ojaxis darCenili wevrebi ixsnas SimSiliT sikvdilisagan. sofeli faraxeTi 1814 wlis 3 Tebervals dawerila faraxeTs (sofeli onis municipalitetSi) mosaxle nasyida sulaZis mier Svilis xosia sulaZis, gorel ter daviTas Svils iakofasaTvis giraoSi micemis xelwerili: `ese wigni mogeci me raWas mosaxlema faraxeTs mdgomarema sulaZe nasyidama Sen gors mcxovrebels ter daviTas Svils iakofasa ama pirobiTa rom Cemi Svili xosia imereTidam moviyvane, rCena ver SeviZeli da Sen dagigirave Tormet minalTunada. minam Sen TeTrs
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 88 mogcemde es Cemi Svili SenTan unda imsaxuro. rodes Seni fuli mogitano, Cemi Svili unda momce. Sen TeTris sargebeli ver mTxo ... (sabuTi am adgilas dazianebulia da ar ikiTxeba) ... da me samsaxurisTvin vera gTxovo ra. roca Cemi Svili waviyvano, es xsenebuli TeTri mogce. es Cemi Svil rogorc momicia isev meve unda gagabaro da Sen gTxov, sikvdili RvTis xeliT aris, Cemi batonis, beJan baqraZis werilic Sen mogeci da me gorel trua zaraSvilis termosesas damiweria nasyidas TxovniT da mowameca var. daiwera Tebervlis g(3)-s qoronikons fb (1814 w.). me uzanaSvili miqela am zemo werilis mowame var nasyidas TxovniT, es Cemi xelia~. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 1450; davTari # 54; sabuTi # 159). goris cixe rogorc ukve iTqva XIX saukunis II aTwleulis dasawyisidan XIX saukunis II aTwleulis Sua wlebamde periodSi lixT-imereTSi ganmanTavisuflebel brZolebs stiqiuri ubedurebani da Savi Wiris epidemiis mZvinvareba daerTo da umefo da upatriarqod darCenil mSier-mwyurval qveyanas musri gaavlo. saxadma da SimSilma imereTis, raWisa da samegrelos mosaxleobis meoTxediRa datova cocxlad. yovelive amas arc qarTl-kaxeTisTvis dauyria xeiri ... 1811 wlis mousavlianobam xom sul erTianad mouTava xeli isedac sasowarkveTil qarTvel ers. swored am garemoebis Sedegebs naTlad asaxaven Cvens mier zemoT motanili werilobiTi wyaroebi. dauZlurebul-dasneulebuli, sikvdilis piramde misuli mosaxleobis mier, sakuTar SvilTa gasyidvisa da giraoSi gacemis faqtebi am viTarebis mkafio gamoZaxilia.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 89 ciklidan werilobiTi wyaroni gvamcnoben (istoriuli dokumentis foto-asli, misi teqsti da ganmarteba) qarTl-kaxelTa brZola yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg da dampyrobelTa mier SemoRebuli gadasaxadis `majulaTis~ raobisaTvis - erTobiT suramelTa mier qarTl-kaxeTis kaTalikos-patriarq anton I-isaTvis uria daniel aronaSvilis gadasaxadis Taobaze micemuli pirobis wigni XVIII saukunis 30-ian wlebidan momZlavrebuli sparseTi ruseTisa da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad emzadeboda. mosalodneli omi SesaZloa qarTl-kaxeTis teritoriaze gamarTuliyo. kaxeTis mefe konstantine II (mahmad yuli-xani; kaxeTis mefe 1722-1732 wlibSi, erekle I-is Ze, Teimuraz II-is Zma), saTanadod afasebda Seqmnil mdgomareobas da qarTlis dasaWerad dros Sesaferisad miiCnevda. amisa da gamoc osmaleTi ndobiT aRar uyurebda konstantines. 1732 wels konstantine RalatiT mokles da kaxeTi osmalebma daikaves. Teimuraz II konstantines Zmam Teimurazma (Teimuraz II) osmalebs qedi mouxara da osmalo xelisufalTagan samarTavad kaxeTi miiRo. qarTvel
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 90 didebulT sparseTis gaZliereba osmalTa damarcxebis imeds aZlevda. qarTlSi givi amilaxvris (Sah-yuli-xan) meTaurobiT osmalTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebam ifeTqa. marTalia, givi amilaxvars osmalTagan sagamgeblod zemo qarTli hqonda micemuli da maT erTgul mokavSiredac iTvleboda, magram axla, rodesac viTareba Seicvala, man iranisaken ibruna piri. givi amilaxvarma jari Seyara da goris cixe daiWira. osmalebs arc kaxeTSi adgaT ukeTesi dRe. aq maT Teimuraz mefe ganudga. qarTlelebma yizilbaSebTan erTad TbilisSi gamagrebul osmalebs Seuties. osmalebma Tbilisis cixe ubrZolvelad datoves. yizilbaSTa gamarjvebaSi garkveuli roli qarTvelelTac miuZRviT, magram yizilbaSTa jarebis sardali Tamazyuli-xani, romelic 1736 wels iranis Saxi gaxda nadir-Sahis saxeliT, mainc eWvis TvaliT uyurebda qarTvelobas. 1735 wels Tamazyuli-xanma Teimuraz mefe da qarTl-kaxeTis didebulni erevans ixmo. CasulTa Soris iyvnen: xelmwife Teimuraz II, misi Zmiswuli aleqsandre (ali mirza), abel endronikaSvili, givi amilaxvari, vaxuSti abaSiZe, SanSe qsnis erisTavi da muxranT batoni. mefe Teimurazs Tamazxanma gamahmadianeba, xolo givi amilaxvars, mefe ieses Zis, Teimuraz batoniSvilis (momavalSi anton I kaTalikosi) daniSnuli misi ufrosi qaliSvili Tamari mosTxova. orTav moTxovnaze xanma uari miiRo. gamZvinvarebulma Tamaz-xanma, qarTvelTa delegacia daatyveva da qarTl-kaxeTis axal mmarTvelad, Teimurazis Zmis daviTis II-is (imam yuli-xanis) ufrosi vaJi aleqsandre (ali-mirza) ganamwesa. Tamazyulixani erevnidan aiyara da Tavisi amaliT Tbilisisken daiZra. qarTveli patimrebi, raRac manqanebiT, gzidan gaiparnen. qarTlsa da kaxeTs yizilbaSTa razmebi moedvnen, qveyana aawiokes, cixeebi daangries, xalxi ayares da xorasanSi gadaasaxles. qarTl-kaxeTis gamgeblad Sahma sefixani datova, romelmac mosaxleobas uzarmazari fuladi gadasaxadi, mebrZolTa gamoyvana da samxedro aRWurviloba Seawera. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi yizilbaSTa batonoba daiwyo. qarTvelobas axali mtris winaaRmdeg brZolis ori, erTi - diplomatiuri da meore - SeiaraRebuli saSualeba hqonda. diplomatiur gzas isini ruseTisaken mihyavda. aq did imedad esaxebodaT moskovSi myofi vaxtang VI da `qristianobis qomagi~ erTmorwmune ruseTis saimperatoro kari. 1735 wels Teimuraz II-e ioseb giorgis Ze bagrationis meTaurobiT, elCobas agzavnis ruseTSi. elCs Teimuraz mefis werilTan erTad kaxeTis warCinebulTa da samRvdeloTa ruseTis erTmorwmune qristianuli saqarTvelos mfarvelobis Txovna mihqonda. 1736-1738 wlebSi moskovis qarTul koloniasTan miwer-mowera hqondaT:
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 91 givi amilaxvars, SanSe erisTavsa da vaxuSti abaSiZes. romelTac gulubryvilod swamdaT, rom ruseTi TavisTvis sazianod daarRvevda iranTan dadebul SeTanxmebas da erTmorwmune qveyanas daexmareboda. arCil II da givi amilaxvari saqarTvelos sakiTxis gadaWras nadir-Sahi iseTive saSualebiT apirebda, rogorc Sah abasi. magram qarTvelTa Tavgamodebulma winaaRmdegobam Sahi aiZula, saqarTvelos mimarT Zveli yizilbaSuri politika Seecvala da diplomatiuri gziT moegvarebina saqme. nadirSahma mefe Teimurazi da sxva qarTveli didebulni aRmosavleTis laSqrobaSi iaxla. mogvianebiT, Teimurazi da misi qal-vaJi iranSi daibara, mefis asuli qeTevani colad SerTo Tavis naTesavs, xolo vaJiSvili - erekle ki indoeTs gaiyola salaSqrod. Teimurazs kaxeTis mmarTveloba uboZa da qarTvel didebulebTan erTad samSobloSi gamoistumra. qarTveli ufliswulis indoeTis laSqrobaSi xleba mZevlobis tolfasi gaxldaT. miuxedavad amisa, ereklem nadirTan laSqrobaSi yofnis dros kargi samxedro da diplomatiuri gamocdileba SeiZina, Zlier dampyrobels Tavisi niWi da unari uCvena da imdroindeli iranic safuZvlianad gaicno. Teimurazi xedavda, rom nadir-Sahis irani Zlierdeboda da Sesabamisad ruseTisa da osmaleTis roli saerTaSoriso asparezze mcirdeboda. gaZlierebuli irani Tamamad upirispirdeboda ruseT-osmaleTs. amitom Teimurazis arCevani am etapze iranisaken gadaixara. Tumca man icoda, rom arc irani da arc osmaleTi qarTl-kaxeTs Tavze xels ar gadausvamda. aRmosavleTSi laSqrobis dasrulebis Semdeg nadir-Sahi amirkavkasias miubrunda.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 92 nadir-Sahi 1741 wels nadiris brZanebiT saqarTvelo aRweres. Sahis moxeleebs auweravi da dauxarkavi ar darCeniaT arc sofeli da arc nasoflari, arc Senoba, arc vazis Ziri da arc nayofis momcemi xe. mZime xarks mosaxleoba ver audioda: `ama ambavTa Sina mravali suli aiyara, bevri adgili umetesad aoxrda~. darCenili mosaxleoba ki Tavisi xeliT spobda meurneobas. yizilbaSebma detalurad aRweres qarTlis mosaxleobac da gadasaxadi daaweses, srulasakovan mcxovrebze 2 minalaTuni, xolo ymawvilze 1 minalaTuni. mosaxleobas am xarajis - `malujaTis~ gadaxda autanel tvirTad daawva. qarTvelT yizilbaSTa sasargeblod samxedro samsaxuric ekisraT. laSqrobaSi sakuTari xarjiT unda gamosuliyvnen da qarTlSi myof yizilbaSTa jarisaTvis sursaTic unda eZliaT. gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo mosaxleobisaTvis puris gadasaxadi. 1741-1742 wlebi qarTlisaTvis mousavliani gamodga, qarTli SimSilobda. qarTlSi ajanyebis cecxli kvlavac enTo. jer SanSe qsnis erisTavi da Semdgom givi amilaxvari ajanydnen. maT kaxeTis mefis Teimurazis mimxrobac scades, magram Teimurazma mxari ar dauWira ajanyebas. Teimurazi Sahs eaxla da Sewyaleba sTxova, ris Semdgomac, 1742 wels kaxeTi yizilbaSTa xarkisagan ganTavisuflda. am mxriv Teimurazis politika `qarTvelobis~ gadasarCenad metad elastiuri gamodga, kaxeTma
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 93 moRoniereba daiwyo, mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad gaizarda. 1744 wels givi amilaxorma daxmarebisaTvis osmalebs mimarTa. osmalni ki qarTlis dasapyrobad da aq `osmalobis~ aRsadgenad Semovidnen qarTlSi. nadirSahi mixvda, rom qarTlSi Semosul osmalTa SeCerebas misi daniSnuli xanebi ver SeZlebdnen da mamaSvils, Teimuraz da erekle bagrationT miando osmalTa winaaRmdeg brZolis winamZRoloba. Teimurazma da ereklem yizilbaSTa da kaxeTis gaerTianebuli ZalebiT moaxerxes osmalebisa da lekebis gandevna qarTlidan. gamarjvebisa da sanuqfod, 1744 wlis ivlisSi Teimurazs qarTlis, xolo erekles kaxeTis mefoba eboZaT. nadir-Sahma Teimurazs neba darTo qristianuli wesiT kurTxeuliyo mefed. 1745 wlis 1 oqtombers Teimurazi Zveli qarTuli wesiT qarTlis mefed ekurTxa. axda qarTveli xalxis saukunovani natvra, aRdga qarTvelTa asormocdaaTwlovani medgari brZoliT mopovebuli ufleba - samefo taxtze qristiani mefe avida. qvemoT movitanT sabuTs, romelSic, jer kidev 1746 wlamde SemorCenili, yizilbaSTagan dadgenili `malujaTis~ gadasaxadia moxseniebuli. 1746 wlis 10 marts dawerila erTobiT suramelTa mier aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq anton I-isaTvis (eriskacobaSi Teimuraz bagrationi; daibada 1720 wlis 17 oqtombers - gardaicvala 1788 wlis 1 marts; saeklesio da saxelmwifo moRvawe, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 1744-1755, 1764-1788 wlebSi; mwerali; mecnieri; vaxtang VI-is Zmis, mefe iesesa da erekle I-is asulis, elisabedis vaJiSvili) micemuli pirobis wigni: `batoniSvils patriarqs antonis. q. ese wigni mogarTviT Cven, suramis mamasaxlisma beJan jobaZem da sul xelierTpir suramelebma; - ase rome saxelmwifos malujaaTisaTvis didad Segvawuxes. amazed aronaSvils uria danielas gamosaRebsa vTxovdiT. movida, Tqven batons patriarqs antons SemogexvewaT. moiqca. Tqven mier naTlisReba miiRo, gaqristianda da es imisi wili malujaTi ori Tumani Tqven giboZeT. axla Cven es piroba mogvixsenebia: dReis iqiT aras-feris gamosaRebisaTvis Cven am danielasTan xeli aRara guqondes da aRarcara vTxovoT. aris amisi mowame: muxranisbatonis Svili nasaRCibaSi svimon, murvanisSvili SioS, abazaZe solomon. me, dekanozisSvils oses damiweria da mowameca var. daiwera martis i (10), qoronikons uld (1746 w.)~. (saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi; fondi 1448; sabuTi # 1322).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 94 sabuTi im mxrivacaa saintereso, rom masSi surams mosaxle ebraelTa nawilis mZime xvedria asaxuli. rogorc dokumentidan irkveva, suramelT, Tanaqalaqel uria daniel aronaSvilisaTvis saxelmwifo gamosaRebi `malujaTi~ uTxoviaT. daniel aronaSvili aRmosavleT saqarTvelos patriarq anton I-Tan misula, Sehxvewnia da naTlisReba miuRia, qristes rjulzed Semdgara, gaqristianebula. misi wili malujaTi, ori Tumani ki suramelT patriarqisaTvis gadauciaT da pirobac daudviaT, `dReis iqiT aras-feris gamosaRebisaTvis Cven am danielasTan xeli aRara guqondes da aRarcara vTxovoTo~. amgvarad SegviZlia qarTvel ebraelTa nawilis gaqristianebis mizezad, maTi siduxWire da xelmokleoba davasaxeloT. ebraelTa nawili ekonomiur mizezTa gamo, Tavisi nebiT icvlida rwmena-aRmsareblobas da amiT begris nawilis gadaxdas aridebda Tavs. Tumca, Cvenis azriT, umravles SemTxvevaSi, sarwmunoebis Secvla moCvenebiT xasiaTs atarebda da ebraelTagan mravalni cnobierebis Secvlisa da gamo, ar Ralatobdnen Tavis mama-papaTa sarwmunoebas. anton I
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 95
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 2 (2) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 96 es ar unda dagvaviwydes! 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals xuTkviriani brZolis Semdgom saqarTvelos demokratiulma respublikam arseboba Sewyvita. erovnuli sabWos mier damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan TiTqmis sami wlis Tavze, ruseTis me-11 wiTelma armiam Tbilisi daikava da saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisufleba gamocxada. moxalise jariskacma 18 wlis givi RambaSiZem erT-erTma pirvelma Seityo 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sardlobis gadawvetileba, Tbilisis datovebis Sesaxeb. `... Tbiliss damSvidebiT eZina, mas jer ar gaego Tavisi sikvdili ...~ - ase aRwers im wuTebs axalgazrda qarTveli mebrZoli. QR kodis meSveobiT gadaxvalT Cvens iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia SemoqmedebiTi jgufis `genezisi~ mier momzadebuli video-rgoli - `25 Tebervali~. RmerTo, acxovne amis damwerni: gigi korinTeli, qeTevan papunaSvili, Tea RambaSiZe, nana momceliZe. Tumc raime cToma ixiloT, nu gvwyevT, aramed SegvindeviT.
ilia WavWavaZe
genealogiuri kvlevis centri `arian-qarTli~ g T a v a z o b T: sasurveli sagvareuloze genealogiuri naSromis Sedgenas naSromSi Sesuli iqneba: - etapi pieveli: gvarsaxelis etimologia; sagvareulos warmoSobis areali; sagvareulos socialuri mdgomareoba; sagvareulos Sesaxeb arsebuli eTnografiuli masala; sagvareulos Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli masala; sagvareulos adgili qarTul laSqarSi; sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi; sagvareulos wevrTa gansaxlebis ariali da raodenoba. - etapi meore: sasurveli soflSi, XIX saukunesa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi Semdgar, aRwerebsa da saeklesio davTrebSi, sakvlevi sagvareulos wevrTa Canawerebi. pirbeli da meore etapis erTad dakveTis SemTxvevaSi, saCuqrad dagimzaddebaT:AA4 formatis erTi wigni an A5 formatis ocdaaTi wigni, agreTve, istoriul-SemecnebiTi videorgoli da A3 formatis tiloze dabeWdili sagvareulo niSani. aRniSnul masalaze dayrdnobiT xdeba: naSromis A4 an A5 formatis wignis saxiT damzadeba; TqvenTvis sasurveli sabuTebis aslis A3, A2 da A1 formatis tiloze beWvda; sagvareulo niSnis Sedgena da A3, A2 an A1 formatis tiloze beWvda; TvalsaCino nakeTobis damzadeba: droSa, saaTi, maisuri, nardi da sxva; genealogiuri xis Sedgena:–winaparTa saxelebi da dabadebis, qorwinebis, gardacvalebis TariRebi; istoriul-SemecnebiTi videorgolis damzadeba; dokumenturi filmis gadaReba; sasurvel sofelze istoriul-eTnografiuli naSromis Sedgena. misamarTi: saqarTvelo, q. Tbilisi, avTo varazis quჩa # 28, bina # 71 a telefoni: 555 78 61 17 veb gverdi: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009011895877 sabanko rekvizitebi: s.s. GE30TB7850236080100015