My Way Science Health and Physical Education 5

d. List the things that computer helps us to do. C
e. Explain web page.
f. How does internet help us ?

My way of doing science Ap

Go to web search in the internet and find information
about the sun regarding its temperature, diameter,
shape and distance from the earth. List them below

1. Temperature ...........................………………………………..
2. Diameter ..........................………………………………………
3. Shape ..........................…………………………………………..
4. Distance ..........................……………………………………….

Fun Science

Draw computer showing its all important parts.
Make your drawing in the space given below.

150 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

17Chapter

LOCAL TECHNOLOGY

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to Technology helps people to make life easier.
 introduce local technologies such a kol, You can easily protecs food material suing
locally available technology.
dhikki, jaato, improvised stove.
 describe the importance of these local

technologies.

Water mill (Pani Ghatta) in Nepal
Pani ghatta or water mill was
made by our ancestors. It
was used in processing food
for centuries. These mills
have wooden blade and are
run by hydro power. Such
mills are located at the bank
of river in hilly reason. People
believe that the food grains
processed in pani ghatta
taste sweet and pleasing.

Name a place you have seen pani ghatta.
_____________________________________________________
How do people process food in your locality ?
_____________________________________________________
How do you get wheat flour at your home ?
_____________________________________________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 151

Our technology
Machines help us to perform our work more efficiently in lesser
time. Although we have advanced machines these days, Dhiki
and Janto were used traditionally in Nepal. Improvised cooking
stove and manually operated mill (kol) are even in use today in
our country.

Dhiki

DHIKI is our own manual grinder. It is
used to grind paddy, rice, dry chilies
etc. Certain area is allocated for
“DHIKI” in a house. The area is first
cleaned to grind and its operation
requires two people.

“DHIKI” is made up of wood and works like lever but used for
grinding. The framework consists of fulcrum having two pillars on
each side, an effort area (where one of the people stands on the
long thick plank of wood making effort at every interval), a long
and thick plank of horizontal wood which has a small vertical
extension that goes into a hole made on ground. It is in this hole
that the grains or dry chilies are kept to convert into powder. The
other person usually sits at this area to keep grains in the hole in
coordination with the effort applied on the other side. Both should
be very cautious and communicating as a wrong movement can
cause an accident especially to the
person keeping grains using own hand. Did YOU know ?
It is a very slow process and requires
enormous amount of energy and effort. Gehendra Samser is
considered as the first

scientist in Nepal.

152 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Quick Test 1: From your surrounding

Name a place you have seen Dhiki.
___________________________________________________
Write a way Dhiki helps us.
___________________________________________________

Janto

Jato (Devanagari: hftF f)] is a form of

grinder made up of stone. It consists
of two round stone of which the bottom
part is attached to the ground or the
floor and has a big nail or wood in the
centre to keep the top stone in place while grinding. The top part
has two holes in it, one in the middle to keep grains and the other on
the side to place a handle for grinding. To grind grains one person
rotates with the help of the handle and the other person has to
put grains in the hole.

Quick Test 2: From your surrounding

Have you seen Janto ?
___________________________________________________
Write any two ways it helps us.
___________________________________________________

Improvised cooking stove(sudhariyeko chulho)
Most rural households in Nepal relies on inefficient and
environmentally unfriendly traditional stoves (chulho) to cook their

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 153

food each day. Traditional cooking stoves cause indoor air pollution
due to production of different gases. Indoor air pollution is the
biggest health risk in Nepal. It affects mostly women and children
as they usually prepare food for the household in the stove.
Improved cooking stoves are simple,
affordable and well suited to meet the
needs of impoverished people. They
can be built using locally available
materials such as Water, Mud, Dung
and Husk and only require two weeks
for construction.
There are four major parts of the stove: woven (big), woven
(small), chimneystack and outlet. The chimneystack is made from
square bricks with a hole, with a small piece of tin used across
the wall for vent. The stove has the following environmental and
health benefits by reducing indoor air pollution.
 Less smoke
 Reduces respiratory infections
 More energy efficient than traditional cooking stoves
 Reduces black carbon, reduce indoor air pollution
 Safer, preventing burns and scalding
 No eye irritation

Quick Test 3: From your surrounding
Have you seen improvised cooking stove ?
___________________________________________________
Write any two ways it helps us in our daily life.
___________________________________________________

154 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

However, one major drawback to ICS is that big utensils cannot
be used for cooking.

Manually operated mill (col)
Manually operated mill is used to
extract mustard oil from mustard seeds.
Traditional oil mill was widely used for a
long time by people in Nepal.
The process of oil extraction includes (a) cracking of the mustard
seed by a disc grinder at low pressure, (b) heating of the seed
mass up to 6000C in a frying pan, and (c) crushing of the seed
mass at high pressure by the oil mill.
The compression beams apply high pressure on the seeds in
the bag in order to crush and squeeze them for extraction of
oil. Mustard seeds used to extract oil were collected from local
market, cleaned and grinded by a disk grinder.

Quick Test 4: From your surrounding

Have you seen the following machines ?

1. Col yes no
no
2. Pani ghatta yes

Quick Test 5: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.
1. Dhiki is mechanical grinder.
2. Dhiki is constructed in clean area.
3. Janto is a form of grinder made up of metal.
4. ICS can be used for cooking big utensils.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 155

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

Answer the following questions. C
1. Where in dhiki are the grains or dry chilies kept to A

convert into powder ?
2. What keeps the top stone in place while grinding in Janto ?
3. Why does a traditional cook stove cause indoor air pollution ?
5. What are the advantages of improvised cooking

stove over traditional cooking stoves ?
4. Why is indoor air pollution biggest health risk in

Nepal mostly to women ?

My way of doing science Ap

The following pictures show our technology and
instruments.
Find more information about these
using internets. Make report on them. sugarcan squeezer lemon squeezer

Fun Science

Observe the diagram. Write their name and
identify as local or advanced technology.

156 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

UNIT 11 • Minerals
• Water
HEALTH EDUCATION • Malnutrition
• Anemia, Marasmus and
Unit Highlights
Night Blinders
You are going to learn about Diseases
Personal Hygiene • Communicable Diseases
• Washing Hair • Whooping Cough
• Cleaning Body • Measles
• Washing Hand • Cholera
• Brushing Teeth • Tuberculosis
• Cleaning Eyes and Nose • Chicken Pox
• Adolescence • Hiv/Aids
Environmental Sanitation Safety And First Aid
• Environment Around Us • Safety Measure
• Land Pollution • Safety Measure at home
• Water Pollution • Safety Measure at road
• Air Pollution • At Swimming Pool
• Recycle, Reuse And Reduce • First Aid
• Household Waste • First Aid to burning
Balance Diet • First Aid to cut
• Our Food • Bone Fracture
• Carbohydrate • Animals Bite
• Protein Health Services
• Vitamins • Health Services in our country
• Fast And Oil • Health-Post
• Hospital
• Health Is Important For Us
• Prevention is better than cure
Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs
• We need to think about Ourself
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Drugs

Visit : www.symphonypub.com for further learning 157
MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

18Chapter

PERSONAL HYGIENE

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to Personal cleanliness keeps us away from
 list the importance of cleaning our body. many diseases. It helps you to be healthy.
 wash hair, clean body, wash hands,

brush teeth, clean ear and nose.

History of toothpaste and toothbrush
People in Nepal used tree-twig (datiwan)
as toothbrush and wooden-ash as
toothpaste many years ago. We can see
people using datiwan or bamboo twig
even today in rural part of our country. The
first modern tooth brush was developed
in England in 1780. The handle of brush
was made of bone of cattle unless the discovery of nylon. Similarly,
modern form of toothpaste was developed in 1800. These days
commercial toothbrush and tooth paste are found in different sizes.

Write name of a tree whose twig can be used as brush.
_____________________________________________________
Write the size of your personal tooth brush.
_____________________________________________________
Write the name of commercial name of tooth-paste you used
this morning.
_____________________________________________________

158 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Cleanliness of our body
Personal hygiene means keeping our body part clean. Good
personal hygiene is the basic element necessary for healthy life
style. Maintaining good personal hygiene is best way to protect
ourselves from which can cause illness. Keeping your hair, ear,
eyes, hand excretory organ etc. clean is part of personal hygiene.

Washing hair:
We must wash our hair regularly. We
should massage our scalp well. This
will remove dirt, excess oil and dead
skin cells from our head. We should
rinse our hair with clean water properly.
We should always use personal comb.

Cleaning body:
We should wash our body regularly, if
possible daily. This helps to remove
dust and dirt from our body. Sweating
causes bad body odour. Taking bath
regularly prevents bad smelling from
sweating.

Quick Test 1: From yourself

Write any two things you used to wash your hair.
___________________________________________________
Write any two things you need after cleaning your body.
___________________________________________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 159

Washing hand
The single most important thing we can do to
keep us away from getting sick and spreading
illness to other is to clean our hand. Dirty hand
carries germs. This germ can cause various
illnesses like diarrhea, stomach ache etc. So
we should wash our hand with water and soap for at least one
minute. We should allow hand to dry thoroughly after washing.
For this we can use paper towel or handkerchief. We should wash
our hand thoroughly especially after using restroom, coughing,
sneezing or handling food. We should trim nails regularly since
long and dirty nails carry germs in them.

Brushing teeth

Brushing teeth twice a day is another
important thing. If we do not brush, germ like
bacteria grows in the small food pieces left in
our mouth especially between our teeth. This
causes cavity as well as bad breath. We
should replace our tooth brush every Did YOU know ?
3 to 4 months we must also clean our
The first and modern
toothbrush was made by
William Addis in England.
tongue to reduce bad breath.

Quick Test 2: From yourself

Name a place at your home where you wash your hand.
___________________________________________________
How many times a day do you brush your teeth ?
___________________________________________________

160 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Cleaning our eyes, ear and nose
We should use clean water to clean our eyes.
In case the dust or dirt goes into our eyes, we
should not rub it. We should splash clean water
into our eyes. We should use proper light while
reading or writing. Bright or dim light can
affect our eye sight.We should use soft cotton bud to clean our
ears. Similarly, we should use soft handkerchief or tissue paper
to clean our nose.

Covering your mouth and nose while sneezing and coughing is
another important thing to do. Besides these, we should also
wash our excretory organs properly. The waste materials come
out from our body in the form of stool and urine. After excretion,
we should wash our anus with clean water. We should wear
clean clothes. This makes us look active and fresh. We should
change our inner garments on daily basis.
Maintaining personal hygiene helps us to be
healthy. Similarly proper sleep, exercise and
rest help us to have good health. We should
take rest regularly. Too much work is also
harmful to our body. Taking rest from time
to time keeps us fresh. Sleeping makes us feel energize. We
should sleep at least 8 hours a day. Similarly, exercises keep

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 161

our body healthy and fit. Walking, running, swimming, cycling
provide good exercise to our body.

Quick Test 3: At your home
List any two things used to clean ear.
___________________________________________________
How many times do you wash your face in a day ?
___________________________________________________

Adolescence
Adolescence is considered as the end of childhood and
beginning of youth. Adolescence refers to the age from 10 to 19.
During this age lot of physical and mental changes occur in our
body. We gain height and weight. There is increase in growth of
our body hair and sweat production. Menstruation cycle begins
in girls during this age. It is a natural process of discharging blood
every month. Girls should give special attention to their personal
cleanliness during this period. They should eat nutritious food
and also take suggestion from their mother, sister or elders.

Quick Test 4: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.
1. We should use common comb.
2. We should wash our body regularly once in a month.
3. Sweating causes smelly body.
4. Germs can cause various illnesses like malaria, stomach,

ache etc.
5. If dust or dirt goes into our eyes we should rub it.

162 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Ap
germs/bath/water/personal hygiene
a. Good ....... is the basic element for healthy life style. C
b. Taking ………………………………….. regularly prevents K

bad smelling from sweating.
c. Dirty hand carries ………………………............…………...
d. We should use clean ……….……… to clean our eyes.

2. Answer the following questions.
a. What should you do if dust or dirt goes into our eyes ?
b. List most important things you can do to prevent

spreading illness to others.
c. What is personal hygiene ?
d. Describe the important thing to do while sneezing

and coughing ?
e. What is adolescence ?
f. What is menstruation cycle ?

My way of doing science Ap

List the things at your home. Now write them in the
following table showing how they can be used to
clean our body.

Cleaning face Cleaning clothes Cleaning floor

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19Chapter

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to Unmanaged waste degrades the quality of
 list the ways of reducing the our environment. On the other hand, the
waste can also be converted into compost
environment pollution. to increase the fertility of the soil. You can
 explain the importance of environment make compost out of your household waste.

sanitation.
 give basic introduction of waste and

ways of its management.

Riding bicycle
Bicycles do not pollute air like buses, car
and motorbike. The habit of cycling bolsters
our health. Most people these days like to
ride cycles. There are many cycle friendly
cities in Europe. These days you can
enjoy many cycle-riding competition in TV
program.

Do you have bicycle ?
_____________________________________________________
Do you know how to ride a cycle ?
_____________________________________________________
Name any two vehicles that produce smoke.
_____________________________________________________
How many students in your class know to ride bicycle ?
_____________________________________________________

164 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Environmental sanitation

Environment includes all the things around us i.e. water, air,
land, plant and animals etc. We can have healthy life only if the
thing around us is clean and hygienic. Clean water, air, land are
essential for our own personal health and well being. There is
relationship between environment and humanity. Our action can
affect environment, and change in environment ultimately has
affect on us.

Due to our activities, amount of unwanted things are increased in
environment. This degrades the quality of environment. Presence
of unwanted things in environment
is called pollution. Different types of Did YOU know ?
environmental pollution can be seen
On an average a person
needs about 840 g of
oxygen per day.
nowadays in both rural and urban areas.

Quick Test 1: From our surrounding

Write any three sources that have polluted environment in
your locality.
(1) ............................ (2) ............................ (3) ............................

Land pollution
Land/soil pollution occurs due to
throwing waste materials haphazardly.
Presence of plastic glass pieces, metal
substance on land causes decrease in
nutrient level in soil. Polluted land cannot produce crops properly.
Further, people use various kinds of chemicals on land. This also
degrades the soil quality.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 165

Quick Test 2: From your home
Write any two wastes at your home that can increase land pollution
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

Water pollution
Direct connection of sewage and
drainage into river causes water
pollution. Urinating and defecating
near water resource make water unfit
for drinking. Dirty water causes water
borne communicable diseases like cholera and dysentery.
Polluted water affects our health adversely.

Quick Test 3: From your surrounding
Write any two sources that contain polluted water in your locality
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

Air pollution
Due to smoke from factories, vehicles and burning plastic
materials cause air pollution. Exposure to polluted air has bad
impact on our health. Polluted air can make us ill. Planting tree,
using electric vehicles and solar energy help to minimize air
pollution. We all live in environment. We cannot survive in
polluted environment. So we must take serious step to maintain
environmental sanitation. Simplest way to reducing pollution is
to follow the principle of 3 R. This means recycle, reuse and
reduce.

166 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Quick Test 4: From your surrounding

Write any two things that you can do at your home to reduce
air pollution.
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

Recycle, reuse and reduce

We must use things in minimum quantity so it will produce less
waste materials. We can walk short distance instead of taking
vehicles. This way we help to reduce air pollution. Glass bottle,
metal cans etc can be used for other purpose like planting,
putting our things. Similarly, plastic material and glass bottle
can be recycled and used again.

Household waste THINK Critically
Our house also produces large amount
of waste materials like rotten vegetables, Was a plastic and
peel of fruit and vegetables, cloth papers stable foods are waste.

Suggest new way to
reuse and recycle them.

and glass bottle etc. This substance should be kept in different
dustbins depending upon their decaying ability.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 167

Vegetable, food, paper are easily decayed. These types of
materials are called bio-degradable materials. We can put
these materials in pit and covered with soil or leaves of plant.
After sometime, when these materials are decayed they act as
fertilizer to plants. Fertilizer provides nutrient to the soil.
Glass, metal pieces, plastic do not decay. These are called
non-biodegrable substance. We must use three 3R principle to
these materials. Remaining waste materials must be put into
sanitary land fill. Sanitary land fills are the place where waste
materials are buried under soil.
Some waste materials can be incerted also. Usually waste product
from hospital and factories are burnt at higher temperature. This
process in known as inceneration.

Quick Test 5: From your surrounding
Write any two wastes that can be regenerated.
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

Quick Test 6: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.
1. Amount of unwanted things upgrades the quality of environment.
2. Presence of plastic glass pieces and metal substance on

land causes increase in nutrient level in soil.
3. Use of various kinds of chemicals on land degrades the

soil quality.
4. Polluted water affects our health adversely.
5. Polluted air can make us well.
6. We can survive in polluted environment.

168 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Ap
Communicable diseases/things/environment/produce
a. Environment include all the ................ around us. K
b. Polluted land cannot ...................... crops properly. C
c. Dirty water causes water borne …………………. like

cholera and dysentery.

2. Answer the following questions.
a. How can you minimize air pollution ?
b. What are three things essential for our own personal

health and well being ?
c. How do we affect environment ?
d. Write the causes of water pollution.
e. What do you understand by the principle of 3R ?

What is its importance ?

My way of doing science Ap

There are many wastes produced from your classroom.
List them. Also, make a plan to manage them effectively
by placing dustbins.

Fun Science

Environment day !
Divide the students into groups and allocate them to do environment
cleaning around the school area or local area or roads.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 169

20Chapter

BALANCE DIET

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to  You can choose suitable combination of
 list different types of foods that contains foods to have balanced diet each day.

carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and  You can also preserve nutrient in foods
while cooking them.
minerals.
 list the things needed to make balance diet.
 follow the preventative measures of some

diseases caused by lack of balance diet.

Local food item at your community
Bhakka is small lump of steamed rice
flour cake made especially in Rajbanshi
community in Jhapa district of Nepal. It
is traditional food item and is very much
healthy as well. Mostly, it is eaten as snack
with pickle, milk tea. In the winter morning,
we can see women making Bhakka at chock and markets. You can
even learn to make it at your own home. It is relatively easy to make.
These days, the taste of Bhakka can be made different by adding
pepper, salt and tasty powder.

Name a local food item at your community.
_____________________________________________________
Name thing used to make the food item.
_____________________________________________________
Write the seasons of making that food item.
_____________________________________________________

170 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Our food

Food is necessary for growth, maintainance and repair of our body.
Food provides vital nutrients like carbohydrate, vitamins, protein,
minerals etc to our body. Occurrence and amount of these nutrients
in food varies from one to another. Balanced diet is having meal
containing above mentioned nutrients in right amount. Proper
amount of these nutrients make us healthy and fit.
Balanced diet must contain food items from each of the following
groups.
1. Cereal group : Rice, wheat, maize
2. Protein group : Meat, fish, eggs, etc.
3. Milk group : Milk and its products
4. Fruits and vegetables :
Nutrients present in above groups are carbohydrate, protein,
vitamin, fats and oil, and minerals.

Quick Test 1: From your food habit

List any three food items you eat daily.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

1. Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate is energy giving food.
Rice, wheat, maize, bread, potato,
banana are rich in carbohydrate. Our
meal must contain 50% to 60% of
carbohydrate.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 171

2. Protein
Protein is helpful in body building. It helps in growth of our body.
For example meat, milk, pulses, curd etc. are protein-rich foods.

Milk Meat Cereal Butter

3. Vitamins
Vitamins protects us from diseases. They help us to have strong
immunity so we can fight against diseases more easily. Green
vegetable, fruits, milk, egg are rich in vitamin.

Vegetables Fruits Milk Egg

4. Fats and oil
Fats help us to keep our body warm. Butter, oil, cheese, ghee
are rich in fats.

Butter Oil Cheese Ghee

5. Minerals
Green vegetable, fruits contain mineral. They make our teeth and
bone stronger. Green vegetable like spinach, gundruk, karkalo
are rich in minerals.

172 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Spinach Ghundruk Karkalo

Quick Test 2: From your food habit

1. Name a food containing the following in your daily food habit.
Carbohydrate ………………………. Protein ………………….....…….
Minerals …………………........……. Fats and oil …………………….

6. Water:

Water helps to regulate and digest our food. They help to remove
toxic (unwanted) materials from our body. We must drink
sufficient clean and pure water every day.
Did YOU know ?

Malnutrition Mother milk is the best
Balanced diet helps to maintain our proper diet for newly born kid.

height and weight. If we eat food that are not rich or less in any
nutrients continuously, there are unbalanced nutrients in our
food. Lack of nutrients in our body is called malnutrition.

Because of malnutrition children do not get physical and
mental development. Some of the diseases that are caused by
malnutrition are Anemia, Marasmus and Night blindness.

1. Anemia
Anemia usually affects children and pregnant women. This
disease causes deficiency of red blood cells in body. Due to lack
of vitamin B-12 and iron, people suffer from this disease. Patient

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 173

Quick Test 3: From your family
Write the amount of water you drink each day.
___________________________________________________
Name the food items you buy from market for your kitchen.
___________________________________________________
Name the food items your family grows for your kitchen.
___________________________________________________

loses appetite and loses weight. The colour
of skin becomes dull and pale. Patients feel
more tiredness all the time.
To prevent this disease, we should include
more green vegetables like spinach, sisno,
fish, gundruk in our meal.

2. Marasmus
Marasmus usually affects children under 5
year. This disease is caused due to lack of
carbohydrate and protein. Patients become
too skinny and weak. Their bone structure
can be seen clearly from outside.
Providing proper nutritious food to children prevents marasmus.

3. Night blindness
Due to lack of vitamin A, people suffer from
night blindness. People having this disease
cannot see properly in dim light and evening,

Good manner : We should not waste the food material.

174 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Quick Test 4: From your kitchen
1. Name a disease you have suffered from …………………………..…
2. Name a disease any of your family member suffered from ……

………………....................................................................................

so it is named night blindness. Eating vitamin A giving food like
green vegetables, pumpkin, fish, papaya, carrot prevent this
disease. We should also encourage pregnant women to eat
vitamin A rich food to prevent night blindness in their child.

Preserving nutrient in our food
Nutrients present in our food prevent malnutrition. But we some
times destroy those nutrients unknowingly. We can preserve
those nutrients by following basic rules:
a. We must cut vegetable after washing them. This way nutrients

do not go along with water.
b. We should not overcook our food.
c. We should not consume uncovered and stale food.
d. We should wash fruits properly and cut just before eating.
e. When we cook rice, we shouldnot throw its rice gruel, because

it contains nutrient, so we can add excess rice gruel to our
daal or curry.

Quick Test 5: From your kitchen
Write any two ways your family has taken to preserve nutrients
at your kitchen.
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 175

Besides these, children must be breast fed at least for two years.
Mother’s milk contains all nutrients needed for the growth of
child. Similarly, providing nutritious food to pregnant woman
and children is the easiest way to prevent malnutrition.

THINK Critically

Which one can be perfect balanced diet ?

Nepali Food Newari Food Dhindo Fruits

Quick Test 6: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.

1. Our meal must contain 100 % of carbohydrate.
2. Vitamins help us to have strong immunity.
3. Marasmus usually affects children above 5 years.
4. Due to lack of vitamin B, people suffer from night blindness.
5. Nutrient present in our food prevents malnutrition.

Work Further K

Do the following activities :
1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
Red blood cell/protective/protein/digest/grwoth/

carbohydrate
a. Rice, wheat, maize, bread, potato, banana are

sources of …………………………………….. .
b. Protein helps in .................. of our body.

176 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

c. Vitamins are ................... food. K
d. Water helps to regulate and .................... our food.
e. Anemia causes deficiency of ............... cells in body. Ap
f. Marasmus diseases is caused due to lack of .........
A
...................... and .................................. C
K
2. Answer the following questions.
a. How can you preserve nutrient in your food ?
b. What happens if we eat foods that are rich or less

in any nutrients continuously ?
c. How can marasmus be prevented ?
d. Why is the disease night blindness given that name ?
e. What is balanced diet ?
f. What type of food/vegetables you must eat to

prevent anemia disease ?

Fun Science

Identify the pictures and then classify them as
energy giving food, body building food, carbohydrate rich
food, protective food.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 177

21Chapter

DISEASE

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to Identification of diseases helps in its
 identify some communicable diseases. treatment. You can keep yourself safe from
 list causes of whooping cough, measles, communicable disease by following its
preventive rule.
cholera, tuberculosis, chicken pox,

HIV/AIDS .

Can flowers cause disease ?
Everybody likes flower. People enjoy
spending time in garden containing
many flowers. However, tiny dust-like
particles are released into the air in
flowering seasons. These dust-like
particles are known as pollen grains.
Excessive pollen grains in air cause
pollen allergy.Some symptoms of this
allergy are sneezing; watery eyes, cough and itching throat.

What type of flower is most common in your locality ?
_____________________________________________________
Have you ever suffered from pollen allergy ?
_____________________________________________________
How often do you sneeze while visiting garden ?
_____________________________________________________
What can be the safety measure to be adopted in the garden ?
_____________________________________________________

178 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Balanced diet, proper personal hygiene and environmental
sanitation is the best way of keeping ourselves free from
diseases. A healthy person performs work properly. Sometimes
we may suffer from diseases. Unhealthy person cannot perform
work properly.

Somediseasescaneasilytransmitthroughdirectorindirectcontact
between infected person and healthy person. Those diseases
are called communicable diseases. HIV AIDS, tuberculosis,
chicken pox, measles are some examples of communicable
diseases. While some diseases do not transfer from one person
to other. Some of them are cancer, diabetes and heart diseases.
These are called non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy, life
styles, lack of exercise, unbalanced diet are main causes of
non-communicable diseases.

Quick Test 1: From youself

Name a disease you have suffered from.
___________________________________________________
How long did it take to recover ?
___________________________________________________
Write a symptom of the disease.
___________________________________________________

Communicable diseases
Some communicable disease are described below.

1. Whooping cough
Whooping cough is caused by bacteria. This disease affects

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 179

our respiratory tract. It usually affects
children under 5 years. This disease
is transmitted through saliva, nasal
secretion and things used by patient.

Symptoms

Ø Patient suffers from mild fever and
continuous cough sounding “whoop”.

Ø Patient also suffers from headache and vomiting.

Prevention

Ø We should give DPT vaccine THINK Critically

to child. Tick out the diseases that can get
Ø We should take proper diet transmitted in the following group
of disease:
and stay away from polluted i. Cholera ii. Cancer iii. HIV-AIDS

environment.
Ø Things used by patient should be washed properly before using.

Measles

Measles is caused by virus and
usually affects skin, eyes, wind pipe
and intestine. It is also transmitted by
direct contact with patient and nasal
secretion of patient.
Symptoms
Ø Patient suffers from fever, watery eyes, watery nose.
Ø Patient loses his/her appetite.
Ø Patient’s body covers with red or pink spot or rashes.
Prevention
Ø Children should be vaccinated between 6-12 month.

180 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Ø Patient’s mucus and sputum should be disposed safely.
Ø Patient should be kept in separate room.
Ø Things used by patient should be sterilized (or washed properly)

before using.

Quick Test 2: At your home

Write number of your family members to whom whooping
cough can appear.
___________________________________________________
How many members have been vaccinated at your family
against whooping cough and measles ?
___________________________________________________

Cholera

Cholera is caused by bacteria. As this
is water and food borne disease, it
can be easily transmitted to another
person. Flies can easily transmit this
disease from one person to another.
Symptoms
Ø Patient suffers from severe diarrhea, vomiting and excessive

pain in stomach.
Ø Excessive loss of water from body causes, weakness in patient.
Prevention
Ø We should not eat stale and rotten food. We should also

avoid eating uncovered food.
Ø We should drink boiled and clean water.

Health tip: We should care our mouth and nose with make while visiting patient in hospital.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 181

Ø We should maintain proper personal hygiene and
environmental sanitation.

Ø Patient’s stool and vomit should be buried to prevent
spreading this disease.

Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria.
It affects our lungs, skin, bone and
intestine. It is transmitted through air.
When patients sneeze or cough, this
germ spreads in air and can infect other
healthy person.
Symptoms
Ø Patient suffers from fever.
Ø Patient suffers from continuous coughing for two to three

weeks.
Ø Blood appears in sputum.
Ø Patient feels pain in chest and loses his appetite.
Prevention
Ø B.C.G. vaccine should be given to children.
Ø Patients should regularly take their medicine.
Ø Patients should cover their mouth while sneezing and coughing.

Chicken pox
Chicken pox affects the children under
age of 10 years. It is caused by virus.
It is transmitted by using patient’s
material and also by direct contact
with patient.

182 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Symptoms
Ø Patient suffers from mild fever, headache.
Ø Patient loses his appetite.
Ø Red itchy spot covers whole body. These rashes slowly

disappear after 4-7 days leaving scar on skin.
Prevention
Ø Patient should be kept in separate room.
Ø Things used by patient should be sterilized properly.

Quick Test 3: At your home

Name a place where children are vaccinated in your locality.
___________________________________________________

HIV/AIDS
The full form of HIV is human immuno
deficiency virus. When this virus enters
our body, it destroys our immune
system. It means our body cannot fight
against disease. When HIV enters our
body, it takes many years to have AIDS. AIDS refers to Acquired
Immune Deficiently Syndrome. AIDS represent the state of
our body when HIV damage immune system completely. At
this stage, patient suffers from various diseases like common
cold, tuberculosis, cancer etc. But even the simplest diseases
like common cold cannot be treated in person having AIDS. As
patients lack immunity, AIDS is a fatal disease as its medicine
has not developed yet. Blood testing is the only way to diagnose
this disease.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 183

HIV is transmitted from one person to other in following ways.

From unsafe sexual contact with infected person
Transfusion of HIV infected blood
HIV infected mother giving birth to child
From the use of contaminated syringe, blade, needle

HIV/AIDS is not transmitted from one person to another in the
following process:

Taking care of patient
Sharing patient material like comb, soap clothes
Shaking hand, hugging patient or playing together
Through coughing and sneezing
Through bites of mosquitoes

HIV completely damages immune system. Patient is unable to
take care of them properly. At this time we should take care
of them. We should give them
our love and respect. We should Did YOU know ?
motivate them to have positive
thinking and help them in every Polio vaccine was developed in
1952 by Jonas Salk in America.

way possible.

Quick Test 4: Health habit

Write any two ways HIV is transmitted.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Write two ways HIV is not transmitted.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

184 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Quick Test 5: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.
1. Whooping cough affects intestines.
2. Tuberculosis affects our lungs, skin, bone and intestine.
3. Simplest diseases like common cold can be treated in

person having AIDS.

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. K
Water and food/HIV/Immune/B.C.G /Virus/Bacteria C
a. Whooping cough is caused by ................................. .
b. Measles is caused by .............................................. .
c. Cholera is ....................................... borne diseases.
d. ………............… vaccine should be given to children.
e. When HIV virus enters our body, it destroys our

.................... system.
f. Blood testing is the only way to diagnose ...................

disease.

2. Answer the following questions.
a. What is communicable disease ?
b. What are the symptoms of Whooping cough ?
c. Write the full form of HIV.
d. How does a fly help spreading diseases ?
e. Write symptoms and preventative measures of night

blindness.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 185

My way of doing science Ap

Go to your nearby healthpost/hospital. Ask them
about the Vaccination given to children. Write the
name of Vaccine along with the age of children as
following.

Name of Vaccine Age Range

Fun Science

Let's be a junior doctor !
When a person has the following symptoms, can you identify
what disease the person has ?

Symptoms Disease

Ø Fever.
Ø Continuous coughing for two to three weeks.
Ø Appearance of blood in sputum.
Ø High fever, watery eyes, watery nose.
Ø Loss of his/her appetite.

Ø Mild fever, headache.
Ø Loss of his appetite.
Ø Red itchy spot covers whole body.

Ø Mild fever and continuous cough sounding “whoop”.
Ø Headache and vomiting prevention.

Ø Severe diarrhea, vomiting and excessive pain in stomach.
Ø Weakness in patient.

186 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

22Chapter

SAFETY AND FIRST AID

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to Safety and precaution keep us away from
 use first aid to needy patients before accidents. First aid treatment helps patients
to some extent before seeing a doctor.
visiting the doctor.
 list the different safety measures at

home, at swimming pool.

Our traditional " Kamro" as first aid
Bones help us to move and
work. It forms the framework
of our body. By an accident,
bone may get fracture. In
such situation people in
rural Nepal used to tie the
fractured part along with two hard wooden rod known as kamro.
Kamro does not allow the movement of injured part, hence a victim
can at least be free from pain. People also used yogurt and beaten
rice (Dahi chiura) paste on the injury. However, all these are just a
first aid to patient before getting to hospital.

Have you seen patient with fracture bone ?
_____________________________________________________
Write any two things that can be used as first aid to bone fracture.
_____________________________________________________
How far is the health center from your house ?
_____________________________________________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 187

Safety measures
Accidents are an unpleasant event causing injury to us.
Accidents happen suddenly. Most of the times it occurs due to
our negligence and carelessness. Accident can cause minor to
major injuries and can even cause death. Most of the accidents
can be minimized by following safety rule.

Safety measure at home

We have various things at home like sharp tool, knife, electrical
appliances etc. while handling tool, we should be more careful.
We should not play with sharp objects like knife, khukuri, cutting
tools. It may hurt us. We should always switch off our electrical
appliances after using. Otherwise, they may give us shock.
Similarly, we should never touch hot iron, fire. It can burn us.
We should not run along staircase
or climb window, we many fall. We Did YOU know ?
should always keep your floor dry,
Betadine is the first aid medicine
in wound. Batadine was
or we can slip easily on wet floor developed by H.A. Shelanski and
and break our bones. M.V. Shelanski in 1955.

do not touch stay away from do not run on it do not play
bare switch this with knife

Quick Test 1: At your home

Name things that may hurt you at your home.
a. ______________________ b. _____________________

188 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Safety measure at road
We should not play or run on road or vehicles can hit us and
cause injuries. We should follow traffic signal properly. We
should cross road from zebra crossing. We should not get off
from running buses. We should be calm while getting in bus.

Safety measures at swimming pool

We should always go swimming
with elders. We should not play with
friends around swimming pool. Before
swimming, we need to take proper
swimming lesson. We should never swim and dive in river and
in deep swimming pool, pond otherwise we can drown in water.
We need to wear swimming tube. It will help us to float on water.

Quick Test 2: From your locality

Write the approximate number of vehicles seen in your local
road in a day
___________________________________________________
Name two places at your locality where you see more water reserve.
___________________________________________________

First Aid
We cannot avoid accident completely. So, if accident occurs,

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 189

what should we do? We should be calm and seek help from
others. If we see other injured person, we should try to help
patient as much as we can in first aid. First aid is the basic
treatment given to injured person before seeking medical help.
First aid prevents premature death.

First aid provides comfort to injured person. It also prevents the
condition of victim from getting
any worse. Before giving first aid, THINK Critically

we must have all information Which one is odd in the
about it. If you do not know what following ?
to do then seek help from others. i. Traffic light ii. Bandage
iii. Zebra crossing iii. Knife

First aid for burning
We may get burnt while using fire, hot
materials, steam and fire crackers etc.
We must wash burnt area with cold
water. We can put medicine an burnt
area. We must not peel off burnt skin
or poke blister. If case is severe. We should take injured person
to health services as quickly as possible.

First aid for cut
While handling sharp object, it may
cut us. We should wash cut area with
antiseptic soap and water. Then we
should put bandage over it to stop
bleeding. If material that cut us is rusted then we should get
tetanus injection from hospital. If cut is severe and bleeding
does not stop, then we should seek medical help immediately.

190 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Quick Test 3: From your locality

Write the things that first aid box contains.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

First aid to bone fracture
We should not move fractured area. We should put splint or cloth
around it before taking patient to hospital.

First aid to animal bites
If dog bites us, we must wash our wound
with antiseptic soap and lukewarm
water. Then we should get anti rabbies
injection. Similarly, if any insect bites,
we should wash it with water and
antiseptic soap and visit hospital as
some insect bites are poisonous. In
case of snake bite, we should tie rope or bandage just above the
bite area. This slows the spreading of poison to other area. Then
we should take patient to hospital as
quickly as possible.
We must have first aid box at home.
It helps us during accident. First aid
box contains scissors, antiseptic soap,
detol, cotton, bandage, thermometer,
jivanjal, cetamol etc.

Safety tips: We should not play with fire and fire cracker.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 191

Quick Test 4: From our surrounding

Name any three animals that can bite us.
a. _____________ b. _____________ c. _____________

Quick Test 5: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.

1. Accidents are a pleasant event causing injury to us.
2. We should run along staircase while in a hurry.
3. We should get off from running buses.
4. Always go swimming with younger.
5. We can avoid accident completely.

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
shock/float/zebra crossing/victim/sharp/injuries
a. Accident can cause minor to major ............................
b. Knife, khukuri, cutting tools are ……………………….

objects which are used to cut things.
c. Electrical appliances may give us ……..……………......
d. We should cross road from ……………………………………
e. Swimming tube will help you ……………………………..

on water.
f. First aid prevents the condition of .................... from

geting any worse.

192 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

2. Answer the following questions. C

a. Why should we always keep our floor dry ? Ap
b. Why should we not play or run on road ?

c. How can you minimize most of the accidents ?
d. What should we do if accident occurs ?
e. How can you provide first aid to snake bite ?

My way of doing science Ap

List the things you need to make First-aid Box. Now, Make
a First Aid box for your class.

Fun Science

Accidents can occur anywhere and at any time
due to our carelessness. Fill up the table about accidents. One
has been done for you.

S.No. When accidents What happens when How to stop occur-
can occur ? accident occurs ? rence of accident ?

1. Running on Cut, fracture of Walking slowly on
stairs bones side

2.

3.

4.

5.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 193

23Chapter

HEALTH SERVICES

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to You can decide to go healthpost or hospital
 explain the importance of community once accident happens.

health and different health services.

Acupuncture : An ancient treatment system
Acupuncture is a form of Chinese
medicine of approximately
2500 years old. The main way
of acupuncture is that there are
about 2000 points on human
body that connect the body path
way. People believe that this
system of treating patients is
more effective in case of reducing
body pain like neck pain, back pain etc. In this system patient’s body
is injected with large number of small needles. Some time, these
needles are run by mild electric shock as well.

Name a traditional treatment available in your community.
_____________________________________________________
Write two sentences describing what you have learnt about
ayurved.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

194 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

Health service in our country

Different health services are present in our country to provide us
treatment while we are sick. Depending upon the trained health
assistant, doctor and equipment available in health services,
they can be categorized as health
post, hospital, clinic. Did YOU know ?

Hippocrates is known as father
of western medicine system.
Health post

Health post and sub health post provide basic treatment to us.
In our country every village has at least one health post. Health
posts usually have trained health assistant. These people help
us to get vaccination like DPT, BCG and polio drop. They also
provide treatment to our minor injuries. In case of serious illness,
they usually refer to bigger hospital or health centre.

Quick Test 1: From your surrounding

Write approximately how far the health post or medical shop
is from your house.
___________________________________________________
Write any two treatments available there.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 195

Hospital
Hospital has bigger infrastructure. They are well equipped to provide
treatment to serious cases. They have a lot of well trained doctors
and nurses. Some hospitals provide treatment to all kinds of
diseases. These are called General hospitals. Some examples are
Bir Hospital, Teaching Hospital. Some hospitals provide treatment
related to specific problem. For example, Bharatpur Cancer Hospital
provides treatment to only the patients of cancer. While Tilganga
Eye Hospital provides treatment only for eye disease.

Quick Test 2: From your surrounding
Name the hospital near your home.
___________________________________________________
Write any three treatments available there.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Health is important for us
We should never neglect out health problem, because if illness
isn’t treated at initial stage, It can cause severe problem later
and we can even lose our life so we should always take advice
from doctor, nurses and take only archived medicine regularly
adviced. Clinic and private nursing home are run by private

196 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

sector. They may address specific or general health problem
depending upon their capacities.

Prevention is better than cure
It is said “prevention is better than cure.” So to prevent diseases,
we can create awareness in our community. If we all take
initiative to discuss health related problems in our community,
we can minimize the spreading of diseases. We all live in society.
Within society, we can make a group which will help spreading
awareness among people about the importance of personal
hygiene and environmental sanitation. They can organize
Program about importance of clean drinking water, pollution,
environment, communicable and non-communicable diseases.
They can conduct various programmes for spreading awareness
regarding maternal health, drug abuse, child care etc. They take
part in preventive, curative, promotive and rehabilitative aspects
of health.

Quick Test 3: From your surrounding

Write any two health- activities you and your friend can do in
your community.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 197

As Nepal is still a developing THINK Critically
country, we lack proper health
service in many villages. Which one of the following injury
Community health plays very is different ?
important role in those places. i. Leg fracture ii. Headache
iii. Itching on hand iii. Simple cut

Quick Test 4: All in one

True or False ? If false, correct it.

1. Teachers help us to get vaccination like DPT, BCG and
Polio drop.

2. Clinic and private nursing home are run by government sector.
3. General hospital treats all diseases.
4. People go to hospital for fun.
5. Doctor teaches us how to be healthy.

Work Further

Do the following activities : K
C
1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
cure/diseases/health assistant/treatment
a. Health posts usually have trained …………………........
b. Prevention is better than ………………………...……......
c. General hospitals treat most of the …………………….
d. Health post and sub health post provide basic

………………........... .

2. Answer the following questions.
a. When does health assistant usually refer to bigger

hospital or health centre ?

198 MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5

b. What is a general hospital? Write the name of some C
general hospitals in Nepal. E

c. How can a community help in raising awareness in
health ?

d. Explain: “Prevention is better than cure.”

My way of doing science Ap

To the teacher
Nowadays different clubs, private organizations, and even
the government organize health related activities such as
blooddonationprogramme, poliocampaign. Askastudents
who has participated in such a programme and let him/
her share his/her experience to the class. Encourage the
students to participate in such programmes. Also discuss
how these programs help people.

A small medicated tape known as handi plast can be used
in minar cut and injury. Buy a handiplast and learn how to
tape it on the injury. You may need help of your teacher.

Fun Science

colour the picture given below.

MY WAY Science, Health and Physical Education - 5 199