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54 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
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v_ k/' fgf] b'lgofFsf afFb/x¿sf] #^ cf]6f bfFt x'G5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] afFb/ lkUgL ddf{];]6 k|hfltsf] afFb/ xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ ;+;f/sf w]/} k|hfltsf afb/x¿ a|flhndf kfOG5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ rLgsf] /flzzf:qcg;' f/ afFb/ cf7f}F /flz xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= ;g' fO kf7–^ kg' M ;'g / pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;aeGbf 7n' f] afFb/sf] gfd prfO / tf}n atfpm .
v_ afFb/ / Pksf] cGt/ s] xf] <
u_ s'g k|hfltsf] afFb/ ;a}eGbf rnfv dflgG5 <
3_ sxfFsf afFb/nfO{ k'/fgf] bl' gofFsf afFb/ elgG5 <
ª_ Pksf s'g} tLg k|hfltsf gfd atfpm .
#= kf| 0fL kfq ePsf] s'g} Pp6f nf]ssyf sIffdf ;g' fpm .
$= dn" kf7 kfnk} fnf] k9 . k9\bf sl7g nfus] f zAbx¿ sfkLdf l6k / ltgsf cy÷{ cfzo
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
55/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff ^
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s_ ds/ d]nf ;fpg] ;ª\qmflGtdf dgfOG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ af“b/af“bgL{ dgf]sfdgfsf] bz{g ug{ uP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ af“bgL{ /fd|L o'jtL eO{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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ª_ af“b/n] /fgL;“u ljjfx u¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
r_ af“bgL{sf] ljjfx /fhf;“u eof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
&= pQ/ b]pm M
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v_ ds/ d]nfsf af/]df af“b/n] s] s/' f ;'g]sf] /x]5 <
u_ af“b/af“bgL{ sg' a]nf ds/ d]nf nfu]sf] 7fp“df k'u] <
3_ ds/ gx' fP/ kmls{“bf klg af“b/sf] lsg dgf]sfdgf k"/f ePg <
ª_ af“b/ lsg kfunh:tf] eof] <
*= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ds/ d]nfdf gx' fpg af“b/af“bgL{ hfg' xG' Yof] ls x'“b}gYof] < cfˆgf] ts{ b]pm .
v_ af“bgL{ dfG5] ePkl5 p;n] s] ug'{kYof]{ < p;n] u/]sf sfd l7s lyP ls
lyPgg\ < cfˆgf] ts{ k]; u/ .
(= ts{ lb“b} syfsf] af“sL c+z n]v M
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v_ af“bgL{n] af“b/ b/af/ 5f]8]/ efu]kl5 s] u/L xf]nf <
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56 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
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v]n ± sb' ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ bf}8 ± wk' ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
d]n ± ldnfk ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ gftf ± ;DaGw ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
Oi6 ± ldq ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;]jf ± ;Tsf/ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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u/\ Ö u¿“
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#= tnsf jfSonfO{ pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ d syf k9\5' . d syf k9"F .
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uf]? af“bgL{ ufos sjloqL /f“uf] kf]yLxf“; uf]/f] n]lvsf
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57/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
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lryf]g{ cfOkU' Yof] . o;/L g} p;n] sof}“ lbg latfof], sof}“ dlxgf latfof] t}klg p;sf]
dgdf zflGt 5fPg . w]/} dflg;sf] xflggf]S;fgL u¥of], afnLgfnL laufl/lbof] t}klg
p;sf] kL8f sd ePg .
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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:jtGqtf – c¿sf] cwLgdf g/xg] efjÒ d'lSt cg;g – cGgkfgL gvfO{ ul/g] lj/fw]
;dfhjfb – ;dfhsf ;as} f] clwsf/ ePsf] l;4fGt lj>fd – cf/fd
lg/ª\sz' – cªs\ z' gePsf] hgdt ;ª\u|x– hgtfsf] ljrf/ ;ª\u|x ug{] sfd
hxflgof“ – Pp6} kl/jf/af6 rnfOg]
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pkGof;df pgsf] ljz]if kz| ;+ f ePsf] kfOG5 .
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b'Mv / si6x¿sf] ;fdgf ug{k' /s] f] lyof] . k|hftGqsf nflu @( lbg;Dd t h]nhLjgdf
pgL cg;g a;s] f lyP . pgnfO{ SofG;/sf] /fu] n] klg TolQs} ;tfPsf] lyof] . To:tf
cj:yfdf klg ljZjZ] j/k;| fb sf]O/fnfn] /fhgLltaf6 lj>fd lnPgg\ . pgn] /fhgLltaf6
/ hg;Dksa{ f6 slxNo} ysfj6sf] dx;;' u/g] g\ . lj=;+= @)#^ df ePsf] hgdt ;ªu\ |xsf]
3f]if0ff / @)$^ df ePsf] k|hftGqsf] kg' a{xfnL pgsf] ;ª\3ifs{ f] of]ubfg xf] .
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf Psk6s e6] ePsf] JolStnfO{ jiffk“}{ l5 e6] xb“' f klg t'?Gt
7Dofpg ;Sy] . pgdf 3dG8 slt klg lyPg . pgL ;/n :jefjsf c;n JolSt lyP .
ldhfl;nf] :jefjsf ljZjZ] j/k;| fb sf]O/fnf ;a};“u plQs} cfTdLotf b]vfP/ s'/f uy]{ .
cGt/fl{ i6o« If]qdf klg pgsf] ;Ddfg lyof] .
ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnf xfdLh:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ …7'nf] dflg; aGg'df eGbf c;n dflg;
x'gd' f sNof0f 5Ú eg/] pkbz] lbGy] . pgL ;fgf afnaflnsfnfO{ c;fWo} dfof uy{] . pgsf]
d[To' lj=;=+ @)#( ;fpg ^ ut] eof] / /fhgLlt tyf ;flxlTos Ifq] df g]kfnn] 7'nf] gfS] ;fgL
;xg'k¥of] . o;n] ;d:t gk] fnLnfO{ / pgnfO{ lrGg]hfGg] ljb]zLx¿nfO{ ;dt] bM' vL t'NofPsf]
lyof] . cfh klg xfdL pgnfO{ ;lDem/xG5f}“ . cfh klg xfdf| ] ;dfhn] pgsf ljrf/ /
Jojxf/af6 w/] } s/' f l;Sg ;Sb5 .
63/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;
!= kf7 x/] L tnsf zAb z4' u/ M
/fhlgltUo, za{Zjx/0f, g]lT/Tj, gL/s+ ';, hxfgLof“, lj;|fd, cflTdotf
@= tn cy{ lbOPsf] 5 . ltgnfO{ ldNg] zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f nufpm M
/fhgLlt ug{ hfGg] – /fhgLlt1 ;flxTosf/
cuj' fO ug]{ sfd – et'jf cu'jf
c¿sf] cwLgdf g/xg] cj:yf – :jtGqtf g]tf
Pp6} kl/jf/af6 rnfOg] – kl/jf/ hxflgof“
cGgkfgL gvfO{ ul/g] lj/f]w – ;dy{g cg;g
hgtfsf] ljrf/ ;ª\u|x ug]{ sfd – hgwg hgdt
k9\g] sfd – cWoog n]vg
:yfkgf ug]{ – ;+:yfks lj/f]w
k|ltaGw – aGb]h sfd
#= pxL cy{ lbg] zAb ;u“ } nv] M
k|ltaGw dlxdf lj>fd dxŒj kª\lSt v'a ;hfo
aGb]h cf/fd nfOg Hofbf b08 df}nfpg' km:6fpg'
$= kbfjnL / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M
dxfg\ /fhgLlt1 hgtfsf] ljrf/ ;ª\u|x ug]{ sfd
;dfh ;'wf/s zf;g ug]{ tl/sf
:jtGqtf cfGbf]ng /fhgLlt ug{ hfGg] 7'nf dfG5]
hxflgof“ zf;g ;dfhnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{
hgdt ;ª\u|x :jtGq x'g] cfGbf]ng
zf;g k|0ffnL Pp6f kl/jf/n] h] rfx\of] ToxL x'g] zf;g
64 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff ^
af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;
!= ;g' fO kf7–& Wofgkj" {s ;g' / tnsf cª\sx¿ s'g ;Gbe{df cfPsf x'g\ < atfpm M
s_ @)))
v_ @)@)
u_ @)@*
3_ %$
@= ;g' fO kf7–& km]l/ ;g' . ca tnsf dWo] s'grflxF cz+ n] jfSo k"/f u5{ < n]v M
s_ uf]kfn of]~hgsf] hGd===
c_ bflh{lnªsf] 3'd eGg] ufpFdf ePsf] lyof] .
cf_ bflh{lnªsf] ldl/s eGg] 7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] .
v_ uf]kfn of]~hgsf] dftfsf] gfd===
c_ 5]s8' f]Ndf lyof] .
cf_ kf;fª8f]Ndf lyof] .
u_ uf]kfn of]~hgn]===
c_ ;ª\uLtdf Pd=P= u/]sf lyP .
cf_ g]kfnLdf Pd=P= u/]sf lyP .
3_ uf]kfn of]~hgn]===
c_ sf7df8f}Fsf] kßdsGof SofDk;df nf]s ;ª\uLt k|fWofkg uy{] .
cf_ sf7df8f}F /Tg/fHonIdL SofDk;df nf]s;ª\uLtsf] k|fWofkg uy{] .
#= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ snfsf/sf af/d] f ltdLn] hfg] hlt s/' f sIffdf atfpm .
$= d"n kf7sf cgR' 5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] k9 .
%= tnsf cgR' 5]b lzIfsaf6 ;g' / h:tfsf] To:t} nv] M
s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnf /fhgLlt1 dfq geO{ ;dfh ;'wf/s klg lyP . To;}n] pgnfO{
/f0ffzf;gdf ;j{:jx/0f u/L b]zaf6 lgsflnof] . pgL ef/tdf uP/ a;] . To;}n]
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] ;?' b]lvsf] cWoog ef/tsf] agf/;df eof] . pgn]
aL=P=, aL=Pn=;Ddsf] cWoog k/" f u/]sf lyP .
65/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff ^
^= kf7 k9 / lgDg ldltdf s] ePsf] lyof,] n]v M
s_ lj=;+=!(&@ ebf} @$ v_ lj=;+= !(*&
u_ lj=;+= @))& kmfu'g & 3_ lj=;=+ @)!^
ª_ lj=;=+ @)!& k;' ! r_ lj=;+=@)#( ;fpg ^
&= kf7sf] ;ftf“} cgR' 5]b k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] lsg bM' v / si6 ;xg'k¥of] <
v_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf slt lbg;Dd cg;g a;] <
u_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf sg' /f]uaf6 kLl8t lyP <
3_ hgdt ;ª\u|xsf] 3f]if0ff slxn] eof] <
ª_ ofu] bfg / lj>fdsf] cy{ n]v .
*= pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnsf s'gsg' If]qsf dxfg\ JolStTj xg' \ <
v_ s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ lsg ;j{:jx/0f u/L b]zaf6 lgsflnof] <
u_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf slxn]b]lv g]kfnsf] zf;g k|0ffnLdf ;lqmo ¿kn]
;xefuL eP <
3_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf slxn] / s;/L k|wfgdGqL ag] <
ª_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] slt a]nf ;flxTo /rgf ug]{ df}sf kfP <
r_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf ;flxTosf] sg' sg' If]qdf ljz]if rlr{t 5g\ <
5_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf s;/L ;a}sf lk|o ag] <
(= a9fP/ n]v M
s_ dflg; 7n' f] aGg'df eGbf c;n aGg'df sNof0f 5 .
v_ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf g} k|hftGq xf] .
66 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff ^
Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;
!= zAb hf8] L nv] M
h]nsf] hLjg Ö h]nhLjg dfgjsf] hLjg ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ljBfsf] dlGb/ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ d;fgsf] 3f6 ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ
dfgjsf] x8\8L ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ /fi6«sf] lgdf{tf ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ds}sf] af/L ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ wfgsf] v]t ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= tnsf lqmofkb k|ofu] ePsf PsPs cf6] f jfSo n]v M
lyof], u/]sf lyP, uy]{, k9\y], kfOG5g\, 5g\
#= tnsf lqmofkbnfO{ pbfx/0fdf h:t} kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ uof] hfFb} lyof] uPsf] lyof] .
k9\of] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9]sf] lyof] .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vf“b} lyof] vfPsf] lyof] .
;'Gof] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ k9\5 k9\b} 5 k9]sf] 5
vfG5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ x]b}{ 5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;T' 5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ cfpg]5 cfpFb} xg' ]5 cfPsf] xg' ]5
k9\g]5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9]sf] xg' ]5
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vfPsf] x'g]5
8'Ng]5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ uof] hfG5 hfg]5
vfof] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vfg]5
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9\5 k9\g]5
v]Nof] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= jfSo agfpm M
s_ uof] hfFb} lyof] uPsf] lyof]
v_ k9\5 k9\b} 5 k9]sf] 5
u_ a:g]5 a:b} xg' ]5 k;]sf] x'g]5
67/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff ^
cEof;leqsf] kf7
;flxTosf/ ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnf
ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnL efiffsf 7n' f
;flxTosf/ klg x'g\ . pgn] syf, pkGof; /
cfTdsyfsf yk' |} s[ltx¿ /rs] f 5g\ .
ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sf]O/fnfåf/f gk] fnL efiffdf
n]lvPsf] klxnf] syf …rGb|jbgÚ xf] . of] syf
lj;+= !((@ df 5flkPsf] xf] . pgsf] …bfi] fL r:dfÚ
/ …Zj]te/} jLÚ gfd u/]sf bO' 6f syf;ªu\ |xx¿
5flkPsf 5g\ . …bfi] fL r:dfÚ lj=;+= @))^ df
5flkPsf] xf] / o; syf;ª\ux| leq hDdf @@
cf6] f syfx¿ 5g\ . …Zj]te/} jLÚ lj=;=+ @)#*
df 5flkPsf] xf] . o; syf;ª\u|xdf rf/ cf6] f
dfq syfx¿ 5g\ . pgsf ;a}h;f] syfx¿df
dfG5]sf dgleq u'lD;P/ /xs] f cg]s OR5f,
;kgf, kL8f / j]bgfsf] cleJolSt kfOG5 . pgL g]kfnL efiffsf ky| d dgfj] }1flgs syfsf/
xg' \ .
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sfO] /fnfn] 5 cf]6f pkGof;x¿ klg n]vs] f 5g\ . pgsf] klxnf] pkGof; …tLg
3D' tLÚ -@)@%_ xf] . cGo pkGof;x¿ …g/]Gb| bfOÚ -@)@&_, …;'lDgdfÚ -@)@&_, …dfl] bcfOgÚ
-@)#^_, …lx6n/ / ox'bLÚ -@)$)_, / …afa', cfdf / 5f/] fÚ -@)$%_ xg' \ . oL pkGof;afx]s
pgn] …hn] hg{nÚ -@)%$_, …cfTdsyfÚ -@)%%_ / …kml] / ;G' b/LhnÚ -@)^#_ klg nv] ]sf 5g\ .
!= tnsf jfSo k9L df]6f cIf/n] n]lvPsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
s_ w]/} syfx¿ ;d]6]/ agfOPsf] k':tsnfO{ syf;ª\u|x elgG5 .
v_ sljtf, syf, pkGof;, gf6s, lgaGw cflb n]Vg] JolStnfO{ ;flxTosf/ elgG5 .
u_ dgfl] j1fgn] dfG5]sf Jojxf/x¿sf] cWoog ub{5 .
3_ cfºgf] hLjgsf cg]s s/' fx¿ atfpg] /rgfnfO{ cfTdsyf elgG5 .
68 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] bf];f| ] cgR' 5b] ;kmf;“u ;f/ .
#= pQ/ nv] M
s_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] klxnf] syf sg' xf] / of] slxn] 5flkPsf] xf] <
v_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] hDdf slt cf]6f syf;ª\u|xx¿ n]v]sf 5g\ <
u_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf syfx¿df s]sf] cleJolSt kfOG5 <
3_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf pkGof;sf gfdx¿ n]v .
ª_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf cfTdsyf emNsfpg] s[ltsf] gfd n]v .
$= tnsf ldltx¿ s;] uF ;DalGwt 5g\ < n]v M
@))^ ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@)@% ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@)@& ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@)#^ ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@)#* ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@)$% ;fn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= tnsf ;+ofh] sx¿ /fvL PsPs cf6] f jfSo agfpm M
/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
clg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;fy} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
tfklg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
cyjf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
lsgeg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
tyf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
69/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk
õ cfkm";u“ } k9g\ ] tLg hgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;fw] /] tnsf] JolStut ljj/0f e/ M
!= gfd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= hGdldlt ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= hGd:yfg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= afa'sf] gfd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= cfdfsf] gfd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
^= dg kg]{ v]n ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
&= dg kg]{ vfgf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
*= dg kg]{ 7fpF ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
(= dg gkg]{ s'/f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
!)= hLjgsf] nIo ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
l;h{gfTds nv] g
õ ;fdl" xs lqmofsnfkdf e/s] f] JolStut ljj/0fsf cfwf/df sg' } Pshgf ;fyLsf]
af/]df tLg cg'R5]b n]v / zLifs{ …d/] f] ;fyL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÚ /fv .
-klxnf] cgR' 5]bdf != b]lv %= ;Ddsf s/' fx¿ /fv . bf];|f] cgR' 5]bdf ^= b]lv (=
;Ddsf s'/fx¿ / clGtd cgR' 5]bdf !)=sf] s/' f /fv ._
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70 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff ^
kf7 *
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kf7 ;?' ugc{' l3
slxns] fxL“ xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 . xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfUg] s'g} rf/ cf]6f sf/0fx¿ n]v M
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@= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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#= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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zAb / cy{
hf]lvd – vt/f ;ªI\ fk] – 5f]6s/LÒ 5f]6f]df
b[li6 – x]/fO b3' 6{ gf – crfgs x'g] 36gf
pkefQ] mf – ko| fu] ug{]Ò pkef]u ug{] :jf:YosdL{ – :jf:Yosf] Ifq] df sfd ug]{
k|f0f3fts – Hofg;dt] lng] ;fo} {ls/0f – ;o" {af6 lg:sg] ls/0f
Jofofd – s;/t kl| tsn" tf – jftfj/0f cfºgf] kIfdf gxg' ] cj:yf
ljzi] f1 – s'g} klg ljifodf hfgsf/ JolQm
71/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
d"n kf7
SofG;/ / o;sf] hf]lvd
SofG;/nfO{ gk] fnLdf ca'b{ /fu] elgG5 .
of] xf8, 5fnf, df;,' /ut cflbdf c;/
u//] la:tf/} a9b\ } hfg] / cGTodf d[To'
u/fpg] Ps lsl;dsf] eoª\s/ /fu] xf] .
o;n] z/L/sf] hg' efudf cfqmd0f ub5{ ,
ToxL gfd kfp“5 . cyft{ \, kmfS] ;fdf nfUg]
SofG;/ kmfS] ;fsf] SofG;/, d6' d' f nfUg]
SofG;/ d6' 'sf] SofG;/, /utdf nfUg]
SofG;/ /utsf] SofG;/ cflb cg]s
lsl;dsf SofG;/x¿ xG' 5g\ . of] /f]u vfgkfg tyf zf/Ll/s ultljlwx¿sf]
kl| tsn" tfn] nfUg] /f]u xf] . o; kf7df kmf]S;f], cfGb|f, d'6' / 5fnfdf nfUg]
SofG;/sf sf/0f / tL SofG;/x¿af6 aRg ;lsg] sx] L pkfox¿sf af/]df
;ª\If]kdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
jif{el/df kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/n] dg{x] ¿sf] ;ª\Vof jif{el/df cfk/flws ultljlwdf
dg]{ / cGo b'36{ gfdf k//] dg{x] ¿sf] ofu] eGbf klg a9L x'G5 . of] tYofªs\ n] eofjx
l:yltsf] ;ªs\ t] ub{5 . t/ klg v';Lsf] s/' f s] 5 eg] kf| oM ;a} dflg;x¿nfO{
kmfS] ;fsf] SofG;/ nfUg] sf/0f af/] yfxf 5 . cfkm"n] r/' f6] gvfP jf vfg 5f8]
kmfS] ;fsf] SofG;/sf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg ;lsG5 eGg] klg dflg;x¿nfO{ yfxf 5 .
b'efU{ o g} eGg'knf,{ c¿ vfn] SofG;/ nfUg] sf/0f / aRg] pkfosf af/]df rflx“
dflg;x¿df o:tf] :ki6 1fg 5g} .
dflg;sf] :jf:YonfO{ kmfObf ug]{ w]/} lsl;dsf vfgfx¿ 5g\ t/ cfhsn w/] }h;f]
dflg;x¿ x\ofdau{/, lrh, km| G] rk|mfO{ / lkHhfh:tf vfgfx¿ vfg dg k/fp5“ g\ .
oL vfgfx¿ lgs} nfs] lko| 5g\ tfklg logLx¿df To:tf vfn] af;] fs] f] ld;fj6
xG' 5, hg' :jf:Yosf] b[li6n] kl| tsn" x'G5 . To;f] t pkefQ] mfsf] ahf/df xNsf
tyf af;] f] gePsf vfgfx¿ klg kfOG5g\ tfklg dflg;x¿ af];f]oQ' m vfgf g}
lsG5g\ lsgeg] o:tf vfgfx¿ a9L :jflbnf x'G5g\ . t/ o:tf af];fo] 'Qm vfgfsf]
pkef]uaf6 SofG;/ nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . cfhsn klxn]sf dflg;x¿n] vfP
hlts} dfqfdf tfhf ;fu;AhL / kmnkmn" vfOb“ g} g\, a? sf/vfgfaf6 w/] } k6s
kz| f]lwt vfgfx¿ ?rfOG5 h;df kf| s[lts kfl} i6stf Hofb} sd x'G5 . k|fs[lts
72 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
kfl} i6stf sd ePsf vfgf vfgfn] sfn] fg] gfds -cfGbf| ;DaGwL_ SofG;/ nfUg]
;Defjgf a95\ . klxn]sf dflg;x¿df kf}li6stfsf] af/]df sd hfgsf/L lyof]
tfklg pgLx¿ cfhsf dflg;x¿n] eGbf a9L ;Gt'lnt efh] g vfg] uy]{ . To;}n]
pgLx¿ SofG;/h:tf] kf| 0f3fts /fu] af6 sd kLl8t x'Gy] .
cfhsf w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿ df6] fpg] /f]usf l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ . o:tf df6] f
dfG5]x¿nfO{ s]xL lsl;dsf SofG;/n] ;tfpg] vt/f xG' 5 . :jf:Yo ljz]if1sf
cg;' f/ df]6fpgfn] d'6'sf] /fu] dfq xf]Og, sx] L lglZrt k|sf/sf SofG;/sf]
l;sf/ x'g] klg ;Defjgf a9L xG' 5 . df]6fk] gaf6 d'lQm kfpg] pQd pkfo egs] f]
vfgfsf] dfqf 36fpg' / lgoldt Jofofd klg ul//xg' xf] . klxn]sf dflg;x¿
clxns] f dflg;sf t'ngfdf Hofb} w/] } zf/Ll/s Jofofd uby{ ] . lsgeg] To;
;dodf cfhsf] h:tf] df]6/sf/, cfw'lgs d]l;gx¿, sDKo6' / cflb sx] L klg
lyPg . To;n} ] To; ;dosf dflg;x¿ cfhsf] h:tf] df]6fk] gsf] l;sf/ xg' k' /]sf]
lyPg .
cGTodf, :jf:YosdL{x¿ lbgfg'lbg a9b\ } uO/x]sf] 5fnfsf] SofG;/kl| t cGToGt}
uDeL/ x'g yfns] f 5g\ . cfhsf dflg;x¿ ;fd"lxs¿kdf ;db' |L lsgf/f jf
kf8} Lkfv] /Ldf hfg] / 3fddf klN6g]h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbO/xs] f 5g\ .
o;n] ubf{ w/] h} ;f] dflg;x¿ 3fdn] 89\g] /f]uåf/f ;tfOPsf 5g\ . 3fdn] 5fnf
89\bf 5fnf lauG| 5 / o;/L lau|]sf] 5fnf kg' M lau]d| f 5fnfsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
olb 5fnf PskN6 lalu|;ss] f] 5 eg] To;nfO{ kml] / lau|g lbgx' “'b}g . To;}n] ;'/Iff
;ae} Gbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . Pp6f /dfOnf] tYo s] 5 eg] klxn]klxns] f dflg;x¿
;"os{ f] l;wf xg' ] u/L 3fddf kN6b}gy] . o;y{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfhsf dflg;x¿nfO{
nfu]hlt 5fnfsf] SofG;/ nfUb}gYof] . lxhfc] fh dflg;x¿ o;;DaGwL 8fS6/sf]
rt] fjgL ;G' g yfns] f 5g\ . To;n} ] w]/}eGbf w]/} dflg;x¿ ;o" a{ f6 aRg] pkfox¿
ckgfO/xs] f 5g\ . b'ef{Uosf] s/' f, o;/L ;r]t x'g'eGbf klxn] g} !) nfveGbf a9L
dflg;x¿ SofG;/ xg' ;Sg] 5fnf;DaGwL o:tf /fu] x¿sf] l;sf/ eO;ss] f 5g\ .
dfgjhfltsf] pTklQb]lv g} SofG;/sf] cl:tŒj /xs] } lyof] t/ ev{/} dfq
dflg;x¿ o;af6 x'g;Sg] vt/fk|lt ;r]t x'g yfns] f 5g\ . /l] 8of], 6]lnlehg,
kqklqsf hxf;“ s' } wd' |kfglj/fw] L cleofgx¿ b]lvg yfns] f 5g\ . o;/L oxL
lsl;dsf] Wofg plrt lsl;dsf] vfgf, Jofofd / ;f}o{ls/0fx¿dfly klg lbg
;lsof] eg] SofG;/;“u ;DalGwt w/] } 36gfx¿ lgZro g} sd x'g] s'/fdf ljZjf;
ug{ ;lsG5 .
73/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff ^
zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;
!= tnsf zAb pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M
SofG;/, ca{b' , d[To', eoª\s/, cfqmd0f, ;ª\If]k, b3' {6gf,
:jf:Yo, x\ofdau{/, k|m]Grk|mfO{, b[li6, kf}li6stf, ;f}o{ls/0f
@= s, v, u=== n]vL zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfO{ k9 M
s_ k|ltsn" tf - _ x]/fO
v_ pkef]Qmf - _ Hofg lng]
u_ b[li6 - _ kL8f kfPsf]
3_ k|f0f3fts - _ :jf:Yosf] If]qdf sfd ug]{
ª_ kLl8t - _ sg' } If]qdf hfGg] JolQm
r_ :jf:YosdL{ - _ cg's"n gePsf]
5_ ljz]if1 - _ k|of]u ug]{ dfG5]
#= tnsf kbfjnL / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M
ca'{b /f]u ck/fwoQ' m lqmofsnfk
zf/Ll/s ultljlw SofG;/ /f]u
cfk/flws ultljlw 5flgPsf, k|zf]wg ul/Psf vfgf
;Gt'lnt ef]hg z/L/sf] ljleGg sfd
k|zf]lwt vfgf z/L/nfO{ rflxg] cfjZos vfgf
$= kf7df cª\uh|] L efiffsf y'k|} zAbx¿ 5g\ . tL zAbdWo] b; cf6] f zAb vfh] ]/ nv] .
tL zAbnfO{ cfºg} tl/sfn] jfSodf ko| f]u u/ .
%= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ n]v M
cgs' n" , ak] mfObf, ;8u] ns] f, bA' nfk] gf, afªu\ f,] efUo, crt] , cgl' rt, cljZjf;
74 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff ^
afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;
!= ;'gfO kf7–* ;'g / vfnL 7fpdF f l7s zAb÷zAbx¿ e/ M
s_ cdnfnfO{ kmnx¿df >i] 7 ePsfn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgPsf] xf] .
v_ cdnfnfO{ cdt[ h:t} ePsfn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgPsf] xf] .
u_ cdnfnfO{ sNof0fsf/L ePsfn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgPsf] xf] .
3_ cdnfnfO{ cfdfn] h:t} dfof ug]{ ePsfn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgPsf] xf] .
ª_ cdnfsf] :jfb ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xG' 5 .
@= ;g' fO kf7–* kg' M ;'g / pQ/ bp] m M
s_ cdnfnfO{ ;:+ st[ df sg' sg' gfdn] lrlgG5 <
v_ cdnf vfgfn] ss] :tf /fu] x¿ lgsf] xG' 5g\ <
u_ cdnfn] sn] fO{ z4' agfp5F <
3_ cdnfsf] /; / dx ld;fP/ vfgfn] s] xG' 5 <
ª_ cdnfsf] ko| fu] c¿ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
#= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ Pp6f kmnsf af/]df atfpm M
$= tnsf] cg'R5b] dgdg} k9 M
jif{el/df kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/n] dg]{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof jif{el/df cfk/flws ultljlwdf
dg]{ / cGo b'3{6gfdf k/]/ dg]{x¿sf] of]ueGbf klg a9L x'G5 . of] tYofª\sn] eofjx
l:yltsf] ;ª\s]t ub{5 . t/ klg v';Lsf] s'/f s] 5 eg] k|foM ;a} dflg;x¿nfO{
kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/ nfUg] sf/0f af/] yfxf 5 . cfkm"n] r/' f]6 gvfP jf vfg 5f8]
kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/sf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg ;lsG5 eGg] klg dflg;x¿nfO{ yfxf 5 .
b'ef{Uo g} eGgk' nf{, c¿ vfn] SofG;/ nfUg] sf/0f / aRg] pkfosf af/]df rflx“
dflg;x¿df o:tf] :ki6 1fg 5}g .
75/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff ^
%= l7s pQ/df l7s -á_ lrGx nufpm M
s_ SofG;/sf] g]kfnL gfd s] xf] <
c_ ca{'b /f]u cf_ Ifo/f]u O_ dxf/f]u O{_ lg/f]u
v_ r'/f]6 vfgfn] ss] f] SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 <
c_ 5fnf cf_ /ut O_ kmf]S;f] O{_ d6' '
u_ 3fdaf6 s'g SofG;/ xg' ] ;Defjgf x'G5 <
c_ /utsf] cf_ 5fnfsf] O_ d'6'sf] O{_ kmf]S;fsf]
3_ tnsf dWo] ;;+ f/df ;aeGbf a9L dfG5] s'g sf/0fn] d5{g\ <
c_ b3' {6gfaf6 cf_ cfk/flws ultljlwaf6
O_ kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/af6 O{_ /utsf] SofG;/af6
ª_ dflg;x¿ af;] f]o'Qm vfgf vfg lsg dg k/fp5F g\ <
c_ kf]l;nf ePsfn] cf_ :jflbnf ePsfn]
O_ gld7f ePsfn] O{_ :jf:Yos/ ePsfn]
^= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ SofG;/ s:tf] /f]u xf] <
v_ kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/ x'g] k|d'v sf/0f s] xf] <
u_ s:tf vfnsf vfgfaf6 SofG;/ xg' ;S5 <
3_ df]6f]kg 36fpg s] ug{'k5{ <
ª_ klxnfsf dflg;x¿ lsg df]6f]kgsf] l;sf/ ePgg\ <
r_ 5fnfsf] SofG;/ s;/L xG' 5 <
5_ w'd|kfg lj/f]wL cleofgx¿ lsg b]lvg yfn]sf x'g\ <
&= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflg;x¿nfO{ s]s:tf SofG;/ /f]un] ;tfPsf 5g\ <
v_ SofG;/af6 aRg] pkfox¿ s]s] xg' \ <
u_ lgoldt Jofofd / cfxf/ljxf/n] xfd|f] :jf:Yodf s]s:tf] k|efj kb{5 <
76 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff ^
Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;
!= kf7 x]/L tnsf zAb z4' u/]/ n]v M
zl//, zfl//Ls, uftLaLwL, laif]zUo, lk8Lt, a]ofd, ulDe/, z'o{
@= …zÚ / …ifÚ ko| f]u ePsf hDdf b; cf6] f / …;Ú ko| f]u ePsf b; cf6] f zAb kf7af6
gbf]xf¥] ofO{ nv] .
#= sfn egs] f] lqmofkbn] JoQm ug{] ;do xf] . kIf egs] f] sfnsf] dl;gf] ljefhg xf] .
ck0" f{ kIfdf wft'df t}÷b} nfU5 . k"0f{ kIfdf wft'df Psf]÷PsL÷Psf nfU5 .
h:t}M pm a:b} lyof] . -ck"0f{ e"t_ xfdL a;]sf lyof}“ . -k"0f{ e"t_
pm a:b} 5 . -ck"0f{ jt{dfg_ xfdL a;]sf 5f}“ . -k0" f{ jt{dfg_
pm a:b} xg' ]5 . -ck0" f{ eljiot\_ xfdL a;]sf xg' ]5f}F . -k0" f{ eljiot\_
$= tnsf jfSo s'gsg' sfn / kIfsf x'g\ < 56' o\ fpm M
s_ d k9\b} lyPF . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v_ d}n] k9]sf] lyPF . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ xfdL v]Nb} 5f}“ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3_ xfdLn] v]n]sf 5f}F .ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ pm hf“b} xg' ]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ r_ pm uPsL x'g]5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= tnsf lqmofkbnfO{ ldNg] u/L tflnsfdf e/ M
k9\b} 5 uPsf] lyof] uof] hfG5 v]Ng]5
k9]sf] 5 hfFb} lyPF uPsf] xg' ]5 hfFb} x'g]5
;fdfGo kIf ck0" f{ kIf k0" f{ kIf
et" sfn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
jtd{ fg sfn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
eljiot\ sfn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
77/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
cEof;leqsf] kf7
:jf:Yos/ vfg]s/' fsf] dxŒj
xfdL h] vfG5f}“, ToxL xf“}– Pshgf ljåfg\n] ef]hgsf] dxŒj o;/L k|:6\ofPsf 5g\ .
;Totf 5, o; egfOdf . ljrf/} gu/L h] kfof] ToxL vfg] dfG5]n] w]/} lbg vfg ;St}g .
v/fa vfgf g} p;sf] sfn eP/ cfp“5 . vfgfn] p;nfO{ g} vfOlbG5 .
:jf:Yo g} wg xf] / ToxL :jf:YonfO{ pQd agfO/fVg :jf:Yos/ vfg]s/' fsf] ;jf{lws xft
/xG5 . hyfefjL vfgfn] :jf:Yo¿kL wg sl' xP/ hfG5 . :jf:Yoljb\x¿n] eg]sf 5g\–
lbdfu / z/L/sf] rft} kmL{ ljsf;sf] nflu ;Gtl' nt / :jf:Yos/ vfg]s/' f cTofjZos
5.
xfdf| ] :jf:Yo l7s 5g} eg] xfdL /fd/| L sfd ug{ t ;Sbg} f“} g,} /fdf| ] s/' f ;fR] g klg
;Sbg} f“} . /fd/| L sfd ug{ / /fdf| ] s/' f ;fR] g g;sk] l5 g t xfdL ;kmn xg' ;S5f,“} g t xfdf| ]
bz] g} pe“ f] nfU5 . efs] f] k6] / c:j:y z/L/ afs] /] xfdLn] ljsf;lgdf0{ fsf 7N' 7n' f sfox{ ¿
ug{ ;Sbg} f“} .
cGTodf, sg' s/' f] k|:6 5 eg] sg' } klg vfgf vfge' Gbf cufl8 ;tst{ f ckgfpg' h?/L
5 . hyfefjL vfgfn] lbdfunfO{ g} afwf k'¥ofp“5 . dfbs kbfy{ vfP/ sfd ug]{ dflg;n]
/fd|/L sfd u5{ eg]/ glrtfpg' g} a]; x'G5 . To;}n] sg' } klg ef]hg lngc' ufl8 To;sf]
kmfObfa]kmfObfsf af/]df b'O{rf]l6 ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5 .
78 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7df df6] f cIf/n] nl] vPsf zAbx¿nfO{ tnsf cy;{ u“ ldNg] u/L e/ M
rf/}lt/ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ :jf:YonfO{ kmfObf ug]{ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/fd|f] ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ :jf:Yo;DaGwL 1ftf ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;r]ttf ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;a}eGbf w]/} ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
dfly ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dft nfUg] vfg]s'/f ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 sIffsf bO' { hgfn] kfnk} fnf] k:| 6 cfjfhdf k9 . c¿n] Wofgkj" s{ ;g' .
#= pQ/ nv] M
s_ s'g egfOdf ;Totf 5 <
v_ :jf:Yoljb\x¿n] s] eg]sf 5g\ <
u_ xfd|f] :jf:Yo l7s geP xfdL s]s] ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ <
3_ hyfefjL vfgfn] s] xG' 5 <
ª_ …ljrf/} gu/L h] kfof] ToxL vfg] dfG5]n] w]/} lbg vfg ;St}g . v/fa
vfgf g} p;sf] sfn eP/ cfp“5 .Ú s;/L <
$= tnsf ;o+ f]hs /fvL jfSo agfpm M
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v_ lsÒÒÒÒÒÒls ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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5_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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r_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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%= pbfx/0f x]/L tnsf zAbx¿ lju|x u/L bv] fpm M
d'gfdbg M d'gf / dbg b'MvLul/a M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
wg;DklQ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfkk0' o M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;fyL;ª\uL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lstfasfkL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
bfhe' fO M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ a'afcfdf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
rnv]n M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ df/lk6 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
89/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff ^
;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk
õ bO' b{ O' { hgfsf] ;dx" ag . ca x/s] ;dx" n] …d/] f] bz] Ú zLifs{ df !% ldg6] leqdf Pp6f sljtf
nv] . cfºgf] ;dx" n] nv] s] f] pQm sljtf sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm M
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l;hg{ fTds nv] g
õ dflg; lsg ul/a xG' 5 < ul/aL x6fpg s] ugk'{ 5{ < !@) zAbdf atfpm M
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
90 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff ^
kf7 !)
dflg;, kxf8 / ;ªs\ Nk
kf7 ;?' ug{c' l3
õ dflysf] lrq x/] . Toxf“ Pp6f vfn] f / To;dfly emfn] ª' u\ ] kn' 5 . Tof] kn' slt sRrf 5 eg]
Toxf“ dflg;, lrtj' f, afvf| ] / 3f;“ dWo] sg' } bO' { dfq Psk6sdf hfg ;S5g\ . Toxf“ dflg; gxg' ]
xf] eg] lrtj' fn] afvf| nfO{ / afvf| n] 3f;“ vfOxfN5g\ . t/ Tof] dflg;n] cfkm“} lrtj' f, afvf| /
3f;“ ;/' lIft /fv/] } Tof] kn' kf/ ugk{' g5{] . eg, of] s;/L ;Dej 5 <
õ ltd|f] ljrf/df c;Dej nfUg] t/ dflg;n] ;Dej u/s] f sg' sg' sfd 5g\ < eg .
zAb / cy{
plxNo} – w]/} klxnf l58F L – eO' t“ nfÙ] tnf xg' ] 3/sf] tNnf] efu
ah' '|s – hfg]ae' m]sf]Ù cg'ejL cf1fsf/L – eg]sf] dfGg]
b'u{d – kU' g sl7g x'g] 7fpÙ“ nx8 – ljrf/Ò ts{gf
;7\l7g' – axn' fpg'
oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf gePsf] 7fp“ lvNnL p8fpg' – xfjfdf p8fpg'
gfn' – ;gkf6Ù 8f/] L af6\g ko| f]u kf| }9 – kfsfÒ] w/] } cg'ej ePsf]
ul/g] j:t'
91/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff ^
dn" kf7
dflg;, kxf8 / ;ªs\ Nk
– /dz] ljsn
plxNos} f] s'/f xf] . pQ/L rLgsf] Pp6f
kxf8sf] sfvdf Pp6f ufp“ lyof] . To;
ufp“df Ps hgf a'hs'| ;Hhg a:y] .
pgsf bO' { hgf 5f]/f lyP . pgLx¿
vt] LkftL u//] hLljsf uy]{ .
pgLx¿sf] ufp“af6 csf]k{ 6l\ 6 ;x/
lyof] . t/, To; ;x/df hfg a8f]
sl7g lyof] . lsgeg] Tof] ;x/ 8f“8fsf]
kNnfk6l\ 6 lyof] / af6f] cToGt} b'ud{
lyof] . To; ufps“ f ls;fgx¿n] cfºgf]
v]tLsf] pAhgL aR] g / rflxg] nQfsk8f,
gg' t]n lsGg ls t Tof] b'ud{ kxf8 r9]/
hfg'kYof{] ls 3'd]/ hfg'kYof]{ . ba' } af6f]
w/] } lbg nfUYof] .
Ps lbg ;Hhg a9' f 3/sf] lk9“ Ldf ToxL chª\usf] kxf8nfO{ x/] ]/ al;/x]sf lyP . pgsf
bO' { 5f]/f cfu“ gdf a;/] gfns' f 8f/] L afl6/xs] f lyP . j[4 ;Hhg kxf8s} af/]df ;f]lr/xs] f
lyP– oL kxf8x¿n] To; ufps“ f afl;GbfnfO{ ;x/ hfgcfpg cfºgf ;fdfg ahf/ nu/]
aR] g / cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg vl/b u/]/ Nofpg slt sl7g tN' ofO/xs] f] 5 . o;n] xfdf| ]
ufps“ f] pGgltdf slt afwf kfl//xs] f] 5 < o;nfO{ sf6/] l;w} dn" af6f] vfN] g ;s] ufps“ f]
sqf] ljsf; xg' ] lyof] <
o:tf] ;f]r lnP/ pgn] cfu“ gdf sfd u/]/ al;/xs] f 5f/] fx¿nfO{ xsfb{} eg–] æafa'
xf] † x]/, of] kxf8nfO{ sf6]/ ;x/ hfg] 5f]6f] af6f] lgsfNg ;s] slt hftL x'g] lyof] .
s;f] < ltdLx¿nfO{ s] nfU5 <Æ
æx'g t xf] afaf, t/ oqf] chª\usf] kxf8 sf6/] af6f] l5rfN] g' VofnVofn t 5}g . of]
s;/L xf]nf / <Æ h7] f] 5f]/fn] afbndf 3;' ]sf] r'r'/f]lt/ x/] ]/ eGof] . t/ afafn] p;sf]
s'/f sf6]/ eGg'eof]– ædfG5]n] cf“6o\ f] eg] g;lsg] t s] xfn] f / < pm Toxf“ l58“ L sf]7fdf
tLg cf6] f sf]bfnf 5g\ . lems/] Nofpm t, xfdL cfhb} ]lv kxf8 sf6/] af6f] vGg yfnf}“ .Ú
cf1fsf/L 5f]/fx¿n] tLg cf]6f sf]bfnf lems/] NofP . tLg} afa5' f/] fn] PsPs cf]6f sf]bfnf
afs] /] uP / kxf8 sf6g\ yfn] . ;'?;'?df ufp“nx] ¿n] crDd dfg]/ x]/] . Ps b'O{ lbg t
xfn] f lg sx] L nx8 u/]sf eg/] rk' nfu] . t/ nuftf/ 8f8“ f] sf6g\ / e;fpg nfus] f] bv] /]
92 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
s]xL tGg/] Lx¿n] cfP/ ;fw] –] æxf]Og, P rfª sfsf, s] ug{ nfUge' fÚ tkfOx“{ ¿ <Æ
æbv] g] f} ltdLx¿n] < kxf8 sf6]/ af6f] agfpg nfus] f lg . of] af6f] vf]Ng ;s] ;x/ slt
glhs cfp“5, clg xfdLnfO{ ufps“ f] ljsf; ug{ slt ;lhnf] k5{ . xf] ls xfO] g < xfd|f]
Jofkf/ a9\5 . dfG5n] ] sfd kfp5“ g\ . ufp“ wgL x'G5 . To;}n] xfdLn] of] sfd yfn]sf .Æ
j4[ ;Hhgn] eg] . t/ tGg]/Lx¿n] gfs nK] of| P– æSof xfjfbf/L s'/f u5{g\ oL a'9f, oqf]
kxf8 sf6]/ ;x/ l5rfN] g] af6f] agfpg] ;kgf .Æ
æxfO] g sfsf, tkfO{+“ tLg afa'5f]/f, To;df klg tkfO{“ j[4 eO;Sg'ef,] tkfOx“{ ¿n] oqf] kxf8
sf6/] af6f] l5rf]Ng sg' hg' Ldf ;Sgx' 'G5 < of] h'gLdf t===Æ Pp6fn] p8fpg vfH] b} eGof] .
j4[ rfªn] xf;“ /] eg]– æxfdLn] of] hg' Ldf g;s] csf{] hg' L xfdf| csf{ k':tf, gflt, kgfltn]
o;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg]5g\ . To;kl5 t of] sfd kmQ] eOhfnf .Æ
w/] } tGg/] Lx¿n] a'9f ;7\l7P5g\ eg/] lvNnL p8fpg vfh] ] . t/ Ps hgf kf| }9 jfª Kofcf]n]
eg] ;fR] g} kg]{ 7fg]– æxf]Og, sfsf rfªsf] s'/fdf jhg t 5 af, To;} p8fpg] vfnsf] 5}g .
TolQs} t of] s'/f cf“6g] g\ logn] .Æ
olt ;f]r]/ jfª sf]bfnf] afs] /] j[4 rfªnfO{ ;3fpg cl3 ;/] . Tof] b]v/] ef]lnkN6 csf]{
cwa};“ ] xfªx\ f] klg sf]bfnf] afs] ]/ sfd ug]{ 7fp“df k'Uof] . clg csf]{ lbg csf{c] sf{] ub{} s]xL
lbgdf t ufps“ f w]/h} ;f] kfsfx¿ kxf8 sf6\g] sfddf h6' ] . o;/L ;a} kfsf / cwk{ fsfx¿
sDd/ a;]/ sf]bfnfsfb] fnL afs] ]/ sfddf h6' s] f] b]v/] tf;, sf8} f vn] ]/ hf“8/S;Ldf
l6Nn eP/ lbg latfpgx] ¿nfO{ nfh eP5 . pgLx¿ klg PsPs ub{} kfsfx¿nfO{ ;3fpg
sfb] fnfsf]bfnL af]s/] kxf8 sf6\g h6' ] .
o;/L ;f/f dflg; h'6\tf bO' t{ Lg jifd{ f ;x/;Dd hfg] d"n af6f] tof/ eof] .
93/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff ^
zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;
!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf n]v M
;ª\sNk, a'h|'s, pQ/L, kNnfkl§, l5“8L, nx8, n]Ko|fP, ;7\l7g,' l6Nn,
@= l7s cy{df /h] f nufpm M
VB FJH
M H3VI KI*J@De
J@ GI* @QI2^ V@ HOJ*
c_ a'h|'s cf_ cae' m O_ j[4f O{_ oj' f
v_ sl7g;Fu dfq kU' g ;lsg] eg]sf] s] xf] <
c_ ;u' d cf_ ;8s O_ kxf8 O{_ b'u{d
u_ axn' fpg' jf kfun xg' 'nfO{ s] elgG5 <
c_ ;7\l7g' cf_ ;lRrg' O_ y]lKrg' O{_ hfGg'
3_ xfjfdf p8fpg'nfO{ s] elgG5 <
c_ p8\g' cf_ lvNnL p8fpg' O_ xjfO{hxfhdf s'b\g' O{_ v]n]/ p8fpg'
ª_ 8f]/L agfpg k|of]u ul/g] ;gkf6nfO{ s] elgG5 <
c_ tfn' cf_ gfn' O_ cfn' O{_ wfuf]
#= tnsf kbfjnL / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M
plxNo}sf] s'/f cToGt} 7'nf] kxf8
ah' |'s ;Hhg d'Vo ;8s
chª\usf] kxf8 w]/} klxnfsf] s'/f
ufpFsf] pGglt lxDdtsf ;fy sfd ug{'
sDd/ s:g' cge' jL ljåfg\
d"n af6f] ufpFsf] ljsf;
$= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ nv] M
;'ud, cjglt, blIf0fL, afns, b'h{g, laqmL
%= tnsf zAbsf] ;fgf] ¿k n]v M
sfb] fnf] – sf]bfnL
lrD6f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ufu|f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
yfn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ y}nf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
emf]nf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ sf]bfnf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
k:' ts ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ vf6 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
sf]7f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ nf]xf]6f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
94 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff ^
afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;
!= ;g' fO kf7–!) Wofgk"j{s ;'g / l7s ljsNkdf /h] f nufpm M
s_ dflg; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
c_ ;a} k|f0fLeGbf 7n' f] xG' 5 .
cf_ ;a} k|f0fLeGbf ;fgf] x'G5 .
O_ w]/} k|f0fLeGbf 7'nf] xG' 5 .
v_ l;+xnfO{
c_ ;x/sf] /fhf dflgG5 .
cf_ hª\unsf] /fhf dflgG5 .
O_ ufpFsf] /fhf dflgG5 .
@= ;g' fO kf7–!) kg' M ;'g / pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dflg;n] s:tf hgfj/nfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf lnPsf] 5 <
v_ dflg; s]dfly ;jf/ u5{ <
u_ 3f]8f, ;fF9], ofs, lh/fkm cflb dflg;sf] kmGbfdf kl/;s]kl5 s] u5{g\ <
3_ s:tf k|f0fLx¿ dflg;sf cfxf/f aG5g\ .
ª_ dflg;sf] tflnd kfPkl5 s'gsg' k|f0fL dflg;s} ;]js aG5g\ <
#= ;+;f/sf] sg' s/' f bV] bf ltdLnfO{ crDd nfU5 < lsg < sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .
$= d"nkf7sf] syfsf cgR' 5b] x¿ kfnk} fnf] ;:j/ jfrg u/ .
%= kf7df ko| Q' m cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf af/ cf]6f zAb nv] M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
95/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff ^
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Ramro Nepali 6
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