Ramro Nepali 3

^= sljtf k/" f u/ M

b/fh6]an' ÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5]psg' f ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ afb{nLdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vf]h]“

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ yfls;s]“ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ e]l6“b}g

…e]l6G5 ÒÒÒ <Ú xh/' afsf] ÒÒÒÒ d]l6“b}g .

&= pQ/ b]pm M

-s_ h/fof] / v/fof] s;/L lx“8\5g\ <

-v_ gfgLn] r:df sxf“sxf“ vf]hL <

-u_ xh'/afsf] afgL s:tf] 5 <

-3_ xh'/afnfO{ s] ug]{ /x/ 5 <

-ª_ xh/' af laxfg a]ns' f s]s] k9\gx' 'G5 <

*= sljtfnfO{ a9fP/ cfÎg} efiffdf n]v M

lsgf}“ eg] gof“ r:df 6f9f kg]{ ;x/,

gvf]h"“ t xh/' afnfO{ k9\g ;f/} /x/ .

(= tnsf sljtfsf kªl\ StnfO{ jfSosf] qmddf nv] M

h:t} M bf}8L lx“8\g] h/fof] – h/fof] bf}l8P/ lx“8\5 .

-s_ pk|mL lx“8\g] v/fof] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ la;{g] 5 afgL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ r:df e]6\of} gfgL < – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ /fVg' ef] ls st}lt/ < – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ 6f9f kg]{ ;x/ . – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!)= xh/' afn] r:df sxf“ 5f8] \g'eof] xf]nf < s] ubf{ xh'/afsf] r:df 5'6\of] xfn] f <
sNkgf u/ / cfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f rf/kfr“ jfSodf n]v .

96 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= pbfx/0fdf b]vfPh:t} gof“ zAb / jfSo agfpm M
k9\ c_ k9\g – pm k9\g uof] .
cf= k9]/ – pm k9]/ uof] .
vf c_ vfg – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
cf_ vfP/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
n]v\ c_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
cf_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;g' \ c_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
cf_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= kf7df rGb|laGb' k|ofu] ePsf zAb vfh] ]/ gbfx] f]¥ofO{ nv] .
#= tnsf cIf/ / dfqf ldnfO{ la; cf]6f zAb agfpm M

h v f / o f] s l ' c t d

h:t} M h/fof], cfh, hfdf

$= ltdLn] agfPsf kfr“ cf6] f zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ .

%= kf7 x/] L z4' u/ M

rZdf, 3//f, jf/bln, km" nafl/, ljif{g], jLxfg, zfh

^= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gof“ zAb agfpm M

hfg'efÚYof] – hfg'ePsf] lyof] .

vfge' fÚYof], k9\g'efÚYof], cfpg'efÚYof], ug'{efÚYof]

&= lqmofkbsf cGTodf rGbl| aGb' - “ _ nufpm M

d}n] r:df vf]h] . d}n] r:df vf]h]“ .

-s_ d k|yd eP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ xfdLn] r:df vf]Hof} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ d}n] ltdLnfO{ lrg] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ d}n] r:df lsg] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

97/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

cEof;leqsf] kf7 – bu' f{nfn >]i7

xh'/cfdf;“u

xh'/cfdf † x]bf{xb] {} xh/' sf] lrq
k"hf u¿u“ ¿“h:tf] nfU5 dgleq .

;t] f;] t] f] xh'/sf] ;kmf Tof] skfn
xb] }{ d]/f] dg eG5 ToxL xf] lxdfn .
w;w}{ ;f{, dh' fdh' f k/]sf] lgwf/
To;df emg\ bV] t5' d g]kfn}g]kfn .
aa' f dnfO{ hg' dfof lbgx' 'G5 Pn] }
xh'/n} ] lbge' fÚsf] lyof] /] Tof] k}n] .
xh/' cfdf † ub5{ ' d /fdf| /fd|f sfd
/fV5,' /fV5', kSs} /fV5' xh/' sf] gfd .

;fef/ M afnd]nf

!= dflysf] xh'/cfdf;uF sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] klxnf] Znf]s ;'g/] n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= kf7af6 tnsf zAbh:t} cy{ lbg] zAb vfh] /] nv] M

aHo} M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ tl:a/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

x[bo M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;U' 3/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s]z M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ddtf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

sfo{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ gfp M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

98 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

$= 5'6]sf] zAb e/L tnsf] Znfs] k/" f u/ M

aa' f dnfO{ hg' ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lbgx' 'G5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lbge' fÚsf] lyof] /] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k}n] .

xh'/cfdf Û ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ d /fd|f/fd|f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/fV5', ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kSs} /fV5' ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ gfd .

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M

s_ xh/' cfdfsf] lrq x]bf{ s] ug{ dg nfU5 <

v_ dgn] s]nfO{ lxdfn eG5 <

u_ s]nfO{ g]kfnh:tf] b]lvG5 <

3_ aa' fn] s'g dfof lbgx' G' 5 <

ª_ s] u/]/ xh'/cfdfsf] gfd /fVg ;lsG5 <

^= tnsf] p:t}p:t} ;'lgg] zAbhf]8L klxn] k9 . To;kl5 lbPsf zAbx¿;uF ldNg]
gofF zAb nv] M

lrq – leq P]n] – k}n]

sfd – gfd ;fyL – kfyL

b]z – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ d]nf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

sfnL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km"n – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofP/ gof“ zAb agfpm M

u¿“ M u¿“u¿“ ;]tf M ;]tf;]tf

dh' f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ g]kfn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/fd|f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ld7f] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k};f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lbg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fyL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ af6f] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

99/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ ;“u} k9\g] ;ft hgf ;fyLsf] gfd n]v . ca tL ;fyLx¿;u“ ;f]w]/ pgLx¿sf
xh/' af / xh/' cfdfsf] gfd klg nv] M

;fyLsf] gfd ;fyLsf xh'/afsf] gfd ;fyLsL xh'/cfdfsf] gfd

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

õ cfÎgf xh'/af cyjf xh/' cfdfnfO{ e]6/] tnsf k|Zgx¿ ;f]w . cfÎg}
xh/' afxh/' cfdf geP l5ds] sf sfx] L kfsf dflg;nfO{ tL k|Zgx¿ ;fW] g
;Sg5] f} M
s_ xh'/sf] gfd s] xf] <
v_ xh'/ slt jif{sf] x'g'eof] <
u_ xh'/ klxn] s] sfd ug{'x'GYof] <
3_ xh/' clxn] s] sfd ug'{xG' 5 <
ª_ xh'/sf 5f]/f5f]/L slt hgf 5g\ <
r_ xh/' sf gfltgfltgL slt hgf 5g\ <
5_ xh'/nfO{ s] ug{ dg k5{ <
dflysf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/sf] cfwf/df xh'/af jf xh/' cfdf af/]df krf;;f7L
zAb n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

100 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

kf7 !!

u}8“ f

kf7 ;'? ug{'cl3

õ dflysf hgfj/x¿sf] gfd atfpm .

õ dflysf dWo] ;ae} Gbf alnof] hgfj/ sg' xfn] f <

õ dflysf dWo] ;a}eGbf l56f] sb' \g ;Sg] hgfj/ sg' xf]nf <

zAb / cy{

vfu – u}F8fsf] l;ª tf}n – jhg
em'Kk – Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf ePsf] 3gf – afSnf]
lgs~' h – jGohGt' kfNg 5'6\ofOPsf] bfloTj – lhDd]jf/L
cfo' – pd]/
;/' lIft hª\un dN" ojfg\ – axd' "NoÙ w]/} df]n kg]{
cxfn – e}F;L, /fFuf, u}F8f a:g] ;fgf] kf]v/L ;/+ If0f – x]/rfxÙ ;'/Iff
sGbdn" – dfG5]n] g/f]kL cfkm}F kmn]sf] cGg,

kmnkm"n

101/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

dn" kf7

u“8} f

u}“8f hª\unL hgfj/ xf] . o;sf] prfO rf/b]lv kfr“ lkm6;Ddsf]
x'G5 . o;sf] nDafO kfr“ b]lv cf7 lkm6;Ddsf] x'G5 . o;sf] tfn}
tO] ; ;o sh] L;Dd xG' 5 . kfy] L u“}8f efne] Gbf cln xfr] f] xG' 5 .
u}“8fsf] 6fpsf] nfDrf] xG' 5 . d'v 3f]8fsf] h:tf] x'G5 . o;sf]
dv' dfly l;ª x'G5 . o;sf] l;ªnfO{ vfu eGb5g\ . o;sf] vfu
hGdk] l5 a9\b} hfG5 . vfu /f“s} f] hTyfn] 5f]lkPsf] xG' 5 . vfu
efl“ rPdf km] l/ knfp“5 . o;sf] k'R5/ 5f]6f] / em' Kk k/s] f] xG' 5 .
u}8“ f cgf}7f] vfnsf] x'G5 . o;sf] 5fnf w/] } afSnf] xG' 5 . o;sf]
5fnfdf uf]nL l5g{ klg ufxf| ] x'G5 . o;sf v6' \6fdf klg o:t}
afSnf] 5fnf hl] nPsf] x'G5 .

102 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

u8}“ f kfgL dg k/fp5“ . of] kfgLsf] cfxfndf a:5 . of] lxnf]df
a:g a9L dg k/fp“5 . o;sf] jf;:yfg 3gf hª\un xf] . of] 3f“;]
db} fgdf klg a:5 . aflx/af6 ‰jf66\ x]bf{ of] kmfx] f]/L b]lvG5 .

u8}“ f zfsfxf/L hgfj/ xf] . o;n] 3f“;kft vfG5 . o;n] hªu\ nsf
sGbdn" / kmnk"mn vfG5 . o;n] kfgLsf] np] , ?vsf kft vfg dg
k/fp“5 . u8“} fn] cfºgf aRrfaRrLnfO{ tgbl] v kfr“ jif;{ Dd x/] rfx
u5{ . u8}“ fsf] cfo' krf; jifh{ lt x'G5 .

u“8} f rf8“ f] bf}8g ;S5 . o;sf] ;'£“ g] zlSt klg a9L xG' 5 . o;sf]
xg] {] zlSt sd xG' 5 . o;n] sg' } s'/f ;3'“ ]/ / ;'g]/ g} yfxf kfp5“ .

u}8“ fsf] lk;fa ljleGg cfi} fwL agfpg sfd nfU5 . u8}“ fsf] vfu
clt d"Nojfg\ xG' 5 . o;af6 klg cg]s cf}ifwL aG5 . dfG5x] ¿
vfus} nflu u8}“ fsf] rf/] Ll;sf/L u5g{ \ .

g]kfndf Psl;ª\u] u8“} f dfq kfOG5 . clkm| sflt/ eg]
b'Ol{ ;ª\u] klg kfOG5 . gk] fnsf] lrtjgdf /fKtL gbLsf]
lsgf/df u}“8f kfOG5 . albo{ f /fli6o« lgs'~hdf
klg u8“} f kfOG5 .
u8“} f nf]kf]Gdv'
hgfj/ xf] .
cfhef]ln u}8“ f
lbglbg} 3l6/xs] f
5g\ . u“8} fsf]
;+/If0f ug'{ xfd|f]
bfloTj xf] .

103/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;g' ]/ n]v M

hª\unL lkm6;Dd u}“8f vfu hTyf jf;:yfg ‰jf6\6

zfsfxf/L sGbd"n s]6fs]6L d"Nojfg\ nf]kf]Gd'v ;/+ If0f alb{of

@= l7s pQ/df /h] f nufpm M

s_ u}“8fsf] l;ªnfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ 6fpsf] cf_ l;ª O_ vfu

v_ u}“8fsf] vfu s]n] 5f]k]sf] x'G5 <

c_ xf8n] cf_ /f}“n] O_ 5fnfn]

u_ Ps} 7fp“df hDdf x'g'nfO{ elgG5 ¬¬¬¬¬ .

c_ e'mKk cf_ km/fs O_ /f}“

3_ jGohGt' kfNg 5'6\ofOPsf] ;'/lIft hª\unnfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ lrl8ofvfgf cf_ lgs~' h O_ hª\un

ª_ e}“;L, /f“uf, u}“8f a:g] kf]v/LnfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ cfxfn cf_ kf]v/L O_ tfn

r_ dfG5]n] g/f]kL cfk}“m kmn]sf] cGg, kmnk"mnnfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ kmnk"mn cf_ sGbdn" O_ cGg

#= zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

tf}n /]vb]v cfo' s8f

s]hL jhg t]h cf]vtLÙ bafO{

cgf}7f] afSnf] cf}ifwL 5]p5fp

3gf lsnf] dN" ojfg\ pd]/

x]/rfx lhDd]jf/L lsgf/ x]/rfx

bfloTj crDdsf] ;+/If0f axd' N" o

$= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb ;“u} nv] M

hª\unL, efn], xf]rf], l;ª, rf“8f], zfsfxf/L, afSnf],

kR' 5/, l9nf], kf]yL, 3/kfn'jf, cUnf], kftnf], df+;fxf/L

104 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;'gfO kf7–!! ;'g / l7sal] 7s 5'6o\ fpm M

s_ df}/Ln] v6' \6fn] :jfb yfxf kfpF5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ af3 ;a}eGbf l56f] bf}8g] k|f0fL xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ lemFufsf] cfo' hDdf !$ lbgsf] xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ xfQL krf; lkm6;Dd pkm|g ;S5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ss' /' ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] 3/jfnj' f hgfj/ xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;'gfO kf7–!! sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

-s_ k5fl8 klg p8\g ;Sg] r/fsf] gfd s] xf] <

-v_ tLg cf]6f d'6' xg' ] k|f0fLsf] gfd s] xf] <

-u_ sg' k|f0fLn] lha|f]sf] ;xfotfn] af:gf yfxf kfpF5 <

-3_ lrt'jf Ps 306fdf slt lsnf]ld6/ bf}8\g ;S5 <

-ª_ s'g r/fn] nftn] xfg]/ dfG5] dfg{ ;S5 <

#= u8F} f eGg] kf7sf cgR' 5b] x¿ kfnk} fnf] k9 .

$= tnsf] kf]:6/x¿ k9 M

hn, hldg / xg{ lgifl] wt Ifq]
hª\un arfcf}“ . -xg{ ahfpg gkfpg] ._

105/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

%= l7sal] 7s 56' \ofpm M
s_ efn] u}“8feGbf kf]yL u}“8f cUnf] xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ u}“8f Psl;ª\u] dfq x'G5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ u}“8fsf] 5fnf kftnf] x'G5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ u}“8f ;kmf 7fp“df dfq a:5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf u}“8f kfOG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ

^= d'v}n] hafkm bp] m M
s_ u}“8fsf] prfO slt xG' 5 <
v_ u}“8fsf] nDafO slt xG' 5 <
u_ u}“8fsf] tf}n slt;Dd xG' 5 <
3_ u}“8fsf] 6fpsf] s:tf] xG' 5 <
ª_ u}“8f / 3f]8fsf] s'g s'/f ldNbf]hN' bf] x'G5 <

&= pQ/ b]pm M
s_ u}“8fsf] l;ªnfO{ s] elgG5 < of] s:tf] xG' 5 <
v_ u}“8fsf] 5fnf s:tf] xG' 5 <
u_ u}“8f sxf“ a:g dg k/fp“5 <
3_ u}“8fn] s'g} s/' f s;/L yfxf kfp“5 <
ª_ u}“8fn] s]s] vfG5 <
r_ dfG5]x¿ lsg u}“8fsf] rf]/Ll;sf/L ub{5g\ <

*= tnsf zAb ko| f]u ePsf jfSo kf7af6 vfh] ]/ n]v M
-s_ tf}n -v_ hTyf -u_ ‰jf6\6 -3_ s]6fs]6L -ª_ ;/+ If0f

(= ltd|f] af/]df n]v M
s_ ltd|f] gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ ltd|f] tf}n M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ s]hL u_ ltd|f] prfO M ÒÒÒÒÒ

106 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= gldNg] zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f - _ nufpm M

s_ ufO{ ss' '/ u}“8f

v_ af3 dfG5] ufO{

u_ u}“8f df5f Eofut' f

3_ xf“; sv' '/f af3

ª_ s's'/ ;k{ la/fnf]

@= s] elgG5 < zAb 5fg]/ e/ M

s_ u}“8fsf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 . rNnf
v_ af3sf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 . s]6fs]6L
u_ xfQLsf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .
8d?
3_ df5fsf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 . ªo\ fp/fª\ofp/L
e/' f
ª_ la/fnfsf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 . 5fjf
r_ dfG5]sf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 . 5f/] f5f]/L
5_ sv' /' fsf aRrfnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .

#= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gof“ zAb agfpm M

s]6f] M s]6fs]6L

af5f], kf7f], 5fp/f], 5f]/f], aRrf], kf8f]

$= tnsf] sf7] ]kbdf rfl} a; cf6] f hgfj/sf gfd 5g\ . vf]h / kQf nufpm .

tL gfd vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] M

u“} 8f h /f of] af 3 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v ef n' rf}“ /L v ;L ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/f d[ kf ºof p /f] u ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
of] u G8f e}“ s' ;“' wf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
p“ :of uf ;L s' u' 3f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
6 n O{ la / / 8f ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
xf l;+ uf] /f x l/ 0f ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
QL x ? nf] af“ b / ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

107/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

cEof;leqsf] kf7

sf8“ E] ofs/' Ps lsl;dsf] r/fsf] gfd xf] . of] r/f] g]kfndf dfq kfOG5 .
o;nfO{ cªu\ ]h| Ldf …:kfOgL Aofan/Ú elgG5 .

sf8“ E] ofs'/sf] z/L/ sfnf] / v}/f] Kjf“vn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 . o;sf] k]6df eg]
;t] f] eT' nf xG' 5 . o;sf] Kjf“vsf] 6'Kkf] sf8“ fh:t} ltvf] xG' 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{
sf8“ E] ofs/' elgPsf] xf] .

sf8“ ]Eofs/' ;;fgf emf8Ldf a:g dg k/fp“5 . o;n] P“;] ]n', 6g' L, cdnf cflbsf]
?vdf u“8' agfp5“ . o;sf] u'8“ kftkltªu\ / / 3f;“ n] ag]sf] x'G5 . o;n] dl;gf
ls/fkm6o\ fª\uf| x¿ vfG5 . o;n] h]7c;f/lt/ k'mn kf5{ . o;sf] km' n lgnf] /ªsf]
x'G5 .

sf“8E] ofs'/sf] :j/ ;'l/nf] xG' 5 . o;n] lra,] h'/]nL / eb|fO{ r/fsf] cfjfhsf]
gSsn ug{ ;S5 .

!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 M

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7df k|of]u ePsf r/fx¿sf] gfdafx]s cGo af/ cf6] f
r/fsf] gfd nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

108 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

#= sIffsf] ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyLx{ ¿ kfr“ ;dx" df ljeflht xfc] f] . ca x/s] ;d"xn]
xflh/L hafkm v]n] h;/L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ kfn}kfnf] eg M
s_ klxnf] r/0fsf k|Zgx¿ M
c_ …uF'8Ú eg]sf] …r/fsf] 3/Ú xf] eg] …u'0fÚ eg]sf] s] xf] <
cf_ …pQ/Ú n] Ps lbzf ae' mfpF5 eg] csf]{ s] cy{ a'emfpF5 <
O_ r/fsf] aRrfnfO{ …ar/] fÚ elgG5 eg] ss' /' sf] aRrfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
O{_ efn] xfQLnfO{ …dQfÚ elgG5 eg] kf]yL xfQLnfO{ s] elgG5 <
p_ r/f a:g] 7fpn“ fO{ …u8“' Ú elgG5 eg] df/} L a:g] 7fpn“ fO{ s] elgG5 <
v_ bf];|f] r/0fsf k|Zgx¿ M
c_ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7n' f] r/fsf] gfd s] xf] <
cf_ ;aeGbf w]/} af“Rg] k|f0fL s] xf] <
O_ ;aeGbf l56f] bf}8g ;Sg] hgfj/ s] xf] <
O{_ xfQLsf] aRrfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
p_ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] hgfj/sf] gfd s] xf] <
u_ t];|f] r/0fsf k|Zgx¿ M
c_ sg' zAb z'4 zAb xf] <
cflz{jfb cfzLjf{b cflzjf{b cfzLaf{b
cf_ s'g jfSo cz'4 5 <
xfdL :sn' hfG5f} . cfdf cfpgx' G' 5 .
pgLx¿ 3/ uP . alxgLn] eft vfof] .
O_ s'g jfSo z4' 5 <
lbbL k9\gx' 'lG5g\ . d]/f] 5f]/L k9\5] .
tL 3/x¿ cUnf 5g\ . ltdLx¿ 1fgL 5f}F .
O{_ …;+;f/Ú s;/L ag]sf] zAb xf] <
;d\±;f/ ;ª\±;f/ ;g\±;f/ ;+±;f/

109/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ ;d[l4 :sn' af6 3/ kmls{/xs] L lyO{ . p;n] af6fdf s's/' sf] Pp6f 5fp/f]
cnkq k/s] f] bv] L . Tof] 5fp/f] /f]O/xs] f] lyof] . p;n] Tof] 5fp/f] 3/
NofO{ . To;nfO{ vfgf lbO{ . p;nfO{ To; 5fp/fsf] gfd s] /fVg] xfn] f eGg]
cndn k/]sf] 5 . ca sIffsf ;an} ] To; 5fp/fsf] PsPs cf6] f gfd bp] m .
ltdLx¿n] egs] f gfd lzIfsn] kf6Ldf nV] gx' 'g]5 . ca x/s] n] cfk"mn] /fvs] f]
gfdafx]s csf]{ ;aeGbf dg k/]sf] gfddf ef]6 xfNg'kg{5] . sg' gfddf
;a}eGbf a9L ef]6 k¥of] < ;d[l4n] e6] s] f] 5fp/fsf] gfd ToxL ;ae} Gbf a9Ln]
dg k/fP/ ef]6 xfns] f] gfd x'g5] .

l;h{gfTds nv] g

õ cfÎgf] sfkLdf ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ hgfj/ jf r/fsf] lrq agfpm . lrq agfpg
ufxf| ] eP To;sf] lrq vfh] ]/ 6f;“ . ca pSt hgfj/ jf r/fsf] af/]df ;f7L
zAb nv] .

110 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

kf7 !@

lhG6' / a'Rr]sf] af8'nL

kf7 ;?' ug{c' l3

õ dflysf lrqdf ePsf k"mnx¿dWo] slt cf6] f km" nsf] gfd n]Vg ;S5f} <
vfnL 7fp“df nv] .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

õ dfly gePsf t/ ltdLn] lrg]sf c¿ rf/ cf]6f km" nsf gfd n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

zAb / cy{

lalt;Sg' – dl/;SgÙ' :ju]{ eO;Sg' pFwf]d'G6f] – 6fpsf] tn / v'6\6f dfly xg' '
uh' f/f – k]6 kfNg] sfdÙ hLljsf lgjf{x uF8o\ fn} f – df6f]dl' g a:g] 3;|]/ lxF8\g] Ps
5fk|f] – k/fnn] 5fPsf] ;fgf] 3/
lsl;dsf] ls/f

rfxbf{ – 8'NbfÙ 8n' ]/ lxF8\bf af8n' L – lxSslxSs cfpg] cj:yf
lvlTvtfof] – lvltltlt u/]/ xfF:of] afj] m| f – kmnkm"nsf aflx/L efu

111/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

dn" kf7

lhG6' / aR' rs] f] af8n' L

;x/sf] Ps 5p] df Pp6f ;G' b/ aur“} f lyof] . To; aur“} fsf] /vb] v] ug{] lhG6'
gfd u/s] f] s6] f] lyof] . lhG6s' f afcfdf w/] } klxn] g} lalt;ss] f lyP . lhG6'
lbgel/ aur“} fdf sfd uYof{] . p;sf] uh' f/f To;/L g} rNYof] .
ætf/f pbfP5g\ .Æ, lhG6n' ] cfsfzlt/ xb] }{ ;f]Rof], æca 3/ hfgk' nf{ .Æ
au}r“ fsf] csf]{5p] df lhG6s' f] ;fgf] 5fk|f] lyof] . pm cfÎgf ;fdfg afs] /]
5fkf| lt/ nfUof] . lhG6' w]/} yfs]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ w]/} efs] klg nfu]sf]
lyof] . To;}n] pm xtf/xtf/ uO/x]sf] lyof] . af6fdf a'Rr] bv] fk¥of] .
a'Rr] lhG6'sf] ;fyL lyof] . aR' r] klg cfÎgf] 3/ hfb“ } lyof] . lhG6'n] xft
xNnfpb“ } eGof], æefl] n e6] fn}“ f x} aR' r] .Æ
æxG' 5 lxs\–s x'G5 .Æ aR' r]n] klg xft xNnfp“b} eGof] .
a'Rr]nfO{ af8'nL nfu]sf] /x5] .
lbp“;f] a'Rr] sfutLsf] /; lkpb“ } lyof] .
To; an] f p;sf] Pp6f ;fyLn] syf ;g' fp“b}
lyof] . syf ;u' f, u8“ \of}nf / 8G8Llaof]sf]
af/d] f lyof] . syf Hofb} xf“;f] p7\tf] lyof] .
a'Rr]nfO{ Toltv]/ ;f/} xf“;f] p7o\ f] . ToxL a]nfbl] v
p;nfO{ af8n' L nfus] f] lyof] . p;nfO{ To; a]nf yfxf
eof], ævfg] / xf“:g] sfd Ps} k6s ugx{' “'bg} .Æ
aR' rn] ] ;fR] of,] ælhG6n' fO{ af8'nL /f]Sg] pkfo yfxf 5
ls < p;nfO{ ;f]Wgk' nf{ .Æ
To;kl5 aR' r] km] l/ lhG6s' f] 3/lt/ kmSof{] . cW“ of/fdf
5fd5fd ub{} aR' r] lx8“ b\ } lyof] . lbp;“ f] p;n] s/] f
vfP/ afq] mf ots} t} kmfns] f] lyof] . oltv/] p;sf]
v6' 6\ f ToxL afq] mfdfly k/5] .
…;O' ›››–Q 8\ofDd .Ú

112 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

aR' r] eO' {“df k5fl/of] . p;n] oltv/] ;lDemof], æs]/fsf] afq] mf hxft“ xL“
kmfNg gx'g] /x5] .
aR' r] a:] ;/L g} k5fl/of], tfklg p;nfO{ af8'nLn] 5f8]g . pm cW“ of/fdf
k]ml/ cl3 a9o\ f] . pm lhG6s' f] 3/df kU' of] . lhG6' 3/df lyPg . cfu“ gdf
udnfsf] yfs lyof] . aR' r] ltg} udnfdf 7f]lSsP5 .
…v///¥ofª ====== Kjf6\ .Ú
udnfx¿ km' 6]sf] cfjfh cfof] . rkL{df lb;f ul//xs] f] lhG6' tl;{of,]
æss] f] cfjfh < st} et" t cfPg <†Æ p;n] dgdg} ;lDemof] .
aR' r]sf] 6fpsf] Pp6f 7'nf] udnfleq k;5] . pm t pw“ fd] 'G6] eP5 .
lhG6'n] rkL{sf] Kjfnaf6 lrxfP/ x]¥of] . p;n] xfjfdf xlNn/x]sf v'66\ fx¿
b]Vof] . lhG6n' ] 8/fP/ lb;f ug{ klg lal;{of] .
ælxS–sÆ
lhG6n' ] af8n' Lsf] cgf7} f] cfjfh ;G' of] .
æof] t aR' r] /x]5 . dn} ] t e"t kf] 7fgs] f] .Æ lhG6' lvlTvtfof] . æet"
/fhf † d ltdLnfO{ s] ;xof]u u¿“ <Æ lhG6' rkL{af6 lg:s]/ 7n' f] udnf
ePsf] 7fp“df uof] .
ædnfO{ 7f8f] agfpm g .Æ
lhG6n' ] aR' rn] fO{ udnfaf6
lgsfNof] . oltv/] aR' rn] ] yfxf
kfof,] æcW“ of/fdf gafn] Lsg
csfs{ f] 3/ rxfbf{ et" eOg] /x5] .
wGg lhG6n' ] rf/] rflx“ 7fgg] .Æ
æltdLn] t 5Ss} kf¥of} lg †Æ
lhG6n' ] eGof] .
æd cfk}“m klg 5Ss kb{} 5' .Æ
a'Rrn] ] eGof] .
ælsg <Æ lhG6'n] ;fW] of] .
æd]/f] af8'nL t ltdf| ] udnfleq} v;]5 .Æ
aR' r]sf] af8'nL pwf]dG' 6f] x'b“ f lgsf] eP5 .

113/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

lalt;Sg,' af8n' L, 5fk|f], lvlTvtfof], rfxfbf{, p“wf]d'G6f], k5fl/of], af]qmf

@= ldNg] cy{sf nflu l7s zAbdf ufn] f] nufpm M

zAb cy{

lalt;Sg,' hlGdg,' pleg' M dl/;SgÙ' :ju]{ eO;Sg'

;Demgf, af8n' L, xf“;f] M lxSslxSs cfpg] cj:yf

u'hf/f, xflh/, 3/ M k]6 kfNg] sfdÙ hLljsf lgjf{x

5fgf], 5fk|f], 5t M k/fnn] 5fPsf] ;fgf] 3/

dfs'/f], df5f, u“8\of}nf M df6f]d'lg a:g] 3;|]/ lx“8\g] Ps lsl;dsf] ls/f

pw“ fd] G' 6f,] pw“ fv] 6' 6\ f,] pw“ fx] ft M 6fpsf] tn / v'6\6f dfly xg' '

v]Nof], /f]of], lvlTvtfof] M lvltlttL u/]/ xf“:of]

rfxfbf{, rbf{, x]bf{ M 8'NbfÙ 8'n]/ lx“8\bf

#= tnsf sf]7k] bdf pkoS' t zAb e/ M

t];f{]

-!_ lxSslxSs xg' ] cj:yf -#_

-@_ lz/kf]z -@_

-#_ ofb -#_

-$_ lrGtf -@_

-%_ cfdf-@_

7f8f]

-!_ lx“8\g] 7fp“ -@_

-@_ ;d"x -@_

-%_ lar -@_

114 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;'gfO kf7–!@ ;'g / vfnL 7fpF e/ M

-s_ pgLx¿n] kfgLdf t}l//x]sf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ b]v] .

-v_ s]6fx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ l6Kb} Eofut' fx¿nfO{ xfGg yfn] .

-u_ Eofut' fx¿ 9ª' \ufaf6 aRg kfgLdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ug{ yfn] .

-3_ Pp6f ;fgf] Eofut' f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ kftdf r9]/ eGg yfNof] .

-ª_ ;fgf] Eofut' f]sf] s'/f ;g' ]/ s]6fx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ k/] .

@= ;g' fO kf7–!@ sf] syf ;g' ]/ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] cfkmn" fO{ nfu]sf] s'/f
atfpm .

#= tnsf zAbx¿ k:| 6;uF k9 M

au}Frf lhG6' 5fk|f] a'Rr] uF8\of}nf

8G8Llaof] cFWof/f] af]qmf rkL{ pwf]dG' 6f]

$= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

;x/sf] Ps 5]pdf Pp6f ;'Gb/ au}“rf lyof] . To; aur}“ fsf] /]vbv] ug]{ lhG6'
gfd u/s] f] s6] f] lyof] . lhG6'sf afcfdf w/] } klxn] g} lalt;s]sf lyP . lhG6'
lbgel/ au}r“ fdf sfd uYof]{ . p;sf] uh' f/f To;/L g} rNYof] .

%= kf7af6 rGbl| aGb' nfu]sf cf7 cf]6f zAb l6k M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

115/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

^= l7snfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} / al] 7snfO{ ;RofP/ ;f/ M

s_ lhG6' au}“rfsf] /]vb]v uYof]{ .

v_ vfg] / xf“:g] sfd Ps}rf]l6 ug{' /fd|f] x'G5 .

u_ a'Rr] cf“ksf af]qmfdf lrlKnP/ n8\of] .

3_ lhG6n' ] a'Rr]nfO{ rf]/ 7fGof] .

ª_ aR' r]n] lhG6'nfO{ af8'nLsf] cf}ifwL atfof] .

&= l7s pQ/df /]hf - á _ nufpm M

s_ ;fgf] 3/nfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ 5fk|f] cf_ dxn O_ b/af/

v_ af8'nL nfUbf s:tf] x'G5 <

c_ xfO cfp“5 cf_ lvltltlt xG' 5 O_ lxSslxSs xG' 5

u_ s]/fsf] af]qmf sxf“ kmfNg'k5{ <

c_ hxf“txL“ cf_ Pp6f lglZrt 7fp“df O_ af6fdf

3_ a'Rr]sf] af8'nL s;/L x/fof] <

c_ udnfsf] cf}ifwL vfP/ cf_ cfk}“m O_ et" ;“u 8/fP/

*= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ lhG6' s] u/L cfºgf] u'hf/f rnfp“Yof] <

v_ aR' r]nfO{ slxn]b]lv af8'nL nfu]sf] lyof] <

u_ c“Wof/fdf aR' r] s;/L lx“8\of] <

3_ lhG6' lsg tl;{of] <

ª_ aR' r]sf] af8n' L sg' a]nfb]lv lgsf] eof] <

r_ aR' r]n] yfxf kfPsf tLg cf]6f s'/fx¿ s]s] x'g\ <

(= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5]b ;g' /] nv] .

116 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / l7s zAb dfq sfkLdf nv] M

df6f] u7\of]{ yfs]sf lbof] tf/f e]/f}“nf
dftf] uYof]{ 7fs]sf] l9of] 6f/f e]6f}“nf
af8n' L sfutL yfxf 8\ofDd syf k]ml/
afb'nL sfu6L 7fxf ToDd s7f k]mln

@= tnsf bO' { jfSonfO{ ;o+ fh] s nufO{ hf]8 M

h:t} M efO ljBfno uPg . p;sf] 6fpsf] b'v]sf] lyof] .

efO ljBfno uPg lsgeg] p;sf] 6fpsf] bv' ]sf] lyof] .

s_ d 3/ hfG5' . d eft vfG5' . /
v_ k|ldnf d]xgtL 5] . k|df]b d]xgtL 5}g . t/
u_ ltdL a; . ltdL hfpm . jf
3_ cfh :s'n nfu]g . cfh labf 5 . lsgeg]

#= tnsf jfSodf l7s lrGx /fv M

s_ dnfO{ d]/f] ljBfno dg k5{

v_ sIffdf ou' Lg ;lrg / ljgf]b ukm ub}{ 5g\

u_ ltd|f] :sn' df k/LIff slxn]b]lv x'G5

3_ l5 s:tf] kmf]xf]/L s]6f]

$= kf7af6 rGbl| aGb' nfu]sf zAb gbfx] f¥] ofO{ n]v .

%= tnsf vfnL 7fp“df l7s ljelSt 5fg]/ n]v M

s_ ;x/ÒÒ Ps 5]pdf Pp6f ;G' b/ au}“rf lyof] . nfO{
v_ lhG6Ò' Ò cfsfzlt/ x]b}{ ;f]Rof] . sf]
u_ p;ÒÒ w]/} ef]s klg nfu]sf] lyof] . n]
3_ ToxL a]nfÒÒ p;nfO{ af8n' L nfu]sf] lyof] . af6
ª_ cf“ugÒÒ udnfsf] yfs lyof] . bl] v
r_ lhG6n' ] a'Rr]nfO{ udnfÒÒ lgsfNof] . df

117/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

cEof;leqsf] kf7

csa/nfO{ cgf7} fcgf7} f s/' f ug{ dg kYof{] . p;n] Ps lbg ;efsf ;a}
dflg;nfO{ dv" { t'Nofpg] ljrf/ u¥of] . p;n] ;efsf] eO' {“df Pp6f n6\7L Îof“Sof]
/ eGof] M
csa/ – s;n] o; n77\ LnfO{

g5fO] s{ g 5f]6f] kfg{
;S5 <
dGqL – of] t x'g} g;Sg] s/' f
eof] lg ;/sf/ <
csa/ – jL/an † ltdL ;S5f}
ls <
jL/an – ;lhn} ug{ ;S5' lg
;/sf/ †
jL/ann] cs}{ Pp6f nfdf] n6\7L
5]pdf /fVof] .
jL/an – ca ;/sf/sf] n67\ L 5f6] f] ePg t <
!= tnsf dWo] Pp6f k|f0fL;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} syf sIffdf ;g' fpm

118 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

@= ltdLn] ;g' s] f] s'g} Pp6f r'6\lsnf sIffdf ;'gfpm M

#= cEof;leqsf] kf7 k:| 6;uF k9 .

$= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbx¿lar hf8] f ldnfpm M

1fgL v/fa alnof] r]K6f]

;lhnf] dv" { ;kmf lttf]

nfdf] bh' {g uf]nf] kfp

c;n 5f]6f] lz/ kmf]xf]/

;Hhg ufx|f] ld7f] sdhf]/

%= /fd/| L ;f]r/] pQ/ eg M

s_ …g]kfnÚ sf] lardf s] 5 <

v_ ;tf;L, c7f;L / pgf;Ldf sg' w]/} xf] <

u_ ba' }lt/af6 k9\bf Pp6} xg' ] zAb eg .

3_ sf6\tf gdg]{, /f]Ktf g;g]{ lrh s] xf] <

ª_ sg' lrhsf] lhpel/ g;}g;f] / ufnfel/ df];}df];f] xG' 5 <

^= tnsf lgkftx¿ /fvL jfSo agfpm M

kf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

t M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

119/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ b'O{b'O{ hgfsf] ;d"x ag . ca tnsf j0f{ / dfqfx¿ ldnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L
zAbx¿ agfcf] . ofb /fv, Pp6f zAbdf s'g} klg j0f{ / dfqf bfx] f]l/g'xb'“ g} .
b; ldg]6leqdf sg' ;d"xn] ;aeGbf a9L zAb agfpg ;Sof] < ltdf| ] ;dx" n]
slt cf6] f zAb agfpg ;Sof] < tL ss] ] xg' \ < x/s] ;dx" n] agfPsf zAbx¿
;g' fpg'kg]{5 .

d f n ' a L ; ] s l t f]

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

õ ltdLn] of] lstfa kl9;ss] f 5f} . ca o; lstfa;“u ;DalGwt tnsf
s/' fx¿ e/ M
lstfasf] gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
n]vs M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k|sfzs M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7;ª\Vof M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
k[i7;ª\Vof M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

õ dflysf s'/fx¿sf] cfwf/df Ps cgR' 5]b nv] M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

120 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

kf7 !#

cfkm" enf] t hut\ enf]

kf7 ;?' ug'c{ l3

õ dfly lrqdf lbOPsf k|f0fL sxfFsxfF kfOG5g\ <
õ vRr/nfO{ ef/L af]sfP/ ;fdfg cf];f/k;f/ lsg ul/G5 <

zAb / cy{

5Ss – crDdÙ pb]s
crfgs – PSsfl;Ù yfx} gkfO{
hut\ – ;+;f/Ù ljZj

121/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

d"n kf7

cfkm" enf] t hut\ enf]

Pp6f lxdfnsf] kmb] df aAn' eGg]
Pp6f kfG8f a:Yof] . To; aAn'sf]
lrl6Ss k/s] f] 3/ lyof] . aAn' ;w}F
afSnf] Hofs6] , kGhf, h'Qf nufP/
8'NYof] .

Ps lbg crfgs xfjfx/' L rNof] .
xfjfx'/Ln] aAns' f] 3/ etfeª' \u
kf¥of] .

æca s] ug{] <Æ etfeª' \u ePsf] 3/
x]b{} aAn' lg/fz eof] . p;nfO{ ToxfF a:g dg k/]g . To;n} ] pm lx8F \of] .

cln k/ ku' k] l5 aAn'n] sNnL
gfdsf] s:t/" L e]6\of] . sNnL
hf8fn] sfld/x]sL lyO{ .
sNnLsf] cj:yf bv] /] aAn'
bM' vL eof] . p;n] cfkmg\ f]
Hofs6] sNnLnfO{ lbof] .

aAn' lxlF 8/x\of] . cln k/ p;n] d'GgL
gfdsf] dg' fnnfO{ e6] \of] . dG' gL hf8fn]
y/y/L sfld/x]sL lyO{ . dG' gLsf
cfF}nfx¿ slqm/xs] f lyP . p;nfO{
d'GgLsf] dfof nfUof] . p;n] cfkm"n]
nufO/x]sf] kGhf dG' gLnfO{ lbof] .

122 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

sx] L k/ k'Ubf aAn'n]
vNnL gfdsf] vRr/nfO{
e6] o\ f].vNnLn]ef/Lafl] s/xs] f]
lyof] . lr;f]n] vNnLsf v'66\ f
km'l6/xs] f lyP . km'6]sf]
v6' \6faf6 /ut cfO/xs] f]
lyof] . p;nfO{ vNnLsf] ;f/}
dfof nfUof] . p;n] cfkm"n]nufOx]sf] h'Qf vNnLnfO{ lbof] .
aAn' lxlF 8/xof] . lx8F b\ flxF8\b} 3fd 8'Ag yfNof] . hf8f] klg a9g\ yfNof] .
æwt\ † o;/L xbF' }g . d cfkm\g} 3/ hfG5' / eTss] f] 3/ agfp5F ' .Æ aAnn' ]
dgdg} o:tf] s'/f ;f]Rof] / 3/ kmSof{] .
3/ cfpbF f t aAn' 5Ss k¥of] . xfjfx/' Ln] eTs]sf] p;sf] 3/ alg;s]sf]
/x]5 .
æcfx] f] † s:tf] cRrDd †Ú d/] f] 3/ t eTs]sf] lyof] . clxn] t ;a
l7s7fs 5 .Æ aAn' ;f]Rb} lyof] .
æltdLnfO{ gofF 3/df :jfut 5 .Æ sNnL, dG' gL / vNnLn] Ps} :j/df
eg] . pgLx¿ t 3/leq kf] /x5] g\ .
æltdf| ] 3/ eTss] f] lyof] . ltdLnfO{ klg hf8f] nfu]s} lyof] t/ ltdLn]

xfd|f] b'Mv bV] of} . xfdL hf8fn]
dg{ nfus] f lyofF} . ltdLn] cfkmn" ]
nufO/xs] f] nu' f xfdLnfO{ lbof} .
xfdf| ] Hofg arfof} . of] ug' xfdL ltg{
;Sbg} fF} . o:tf] ;xofu] L ;fyLsf] 3/
eTss] f] xfdLn] xg] { ;sg] fF} . To;n} ]
xfdL ;a} ldn/] agfOlbofF} . cfpm /
cf/fdn] a; .Æ pgLx¿n] eg] .
aAnn' ] sNnL, dG' gL / vNnLnfO{
cuF fnf] xfNof] . pm cfkm\gf] gofF
3/df cf/fdn] a:g yfNof] .

123/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

kfG8f lrl6Ss etfeª' \u y/y/L vRr/

sls|Psf] cRrDd :jfut b'Mv Hofg

@= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

cj:yf lalu|Psf]Ù sfd gnfUg] ePsf]

5Ss u'0fÙ enfOÙ pksf/

eTs]sf] crDdÙ pb]s

u'g ;;+ f/Ù ljZj

crfgs xfnt

hut\ z/L/

Hofg PSsfl;Ù yfx} gkfO{

#= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M

cfzf lg/fzf c;xof]uL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ udL{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3[0ff ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k'/fgf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kftnf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 36\g ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= zAbx¿ hf8] /] ;Fu} nv] . kfFrcf]6f zAbhf]8Lsf] jfSo agfpm M

lrl6Ss lrl6Ss kg{'

dVv ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

crDd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

5Ss ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bª\u ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

6\jfNn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

km'?Ss ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

124 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!# ;g' / l7sa]l7s 5'6o\ fpm M

s_ g]kfnsf] pQ/L efunfO{ lxdfnL e]u elgG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ;u/dfyf ;;+ f/s} ;a}eGbf cUnf] lxdfn xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ lxdfnL e]sdf tftf] xfjfkfgL xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ lxdfnL e]sdf rf}/L, kfG8fh:tf hgfj/x¿ kfOG5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ lxdfnL e]sdf w]/} wfg kmN5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;g' fO kf7–!# km]l/ ;g' / pQ/ n]v M

s_ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cUnf] lxdfnsf] gfd s] xf] <

v_ g]kfns} cGo rf/ cf]6f cUnf lxdfnsf] gfd n]v .

u_ lxdfnL e]s w]/}h;f] sg' hfltsf dflg; a:5g\ <

3_ lxdfnL e]sdf s]s:tf hgfj/ / kG5Lx¿ kfOG5g\ <

ª_ lxdfnL e]snfO{ s]sf] vfgL dflgG5 <

#= tnsf] cgR' 5]b k9 / /fdf| cIf/ kf/L sfkLdf ;f/ M

ltdf| ] 3/ eTss] f] lyof] . ltdLnfO{ klg hf8f] nfus] } lyof] t/ ltdLn] xfd|f]
b'Mv bV] of} . xfdL hf8fn] dg{ nfus] f lyofF} . ltdLn] cfkmn" ] nufO/xs] f] nu' f
xfdLnfO{ lbof} . xfdf| ] Hofg arfof} . of] ug' xfdL ltg{ ;Sbg} fF} . o:tf] ;xofu] L
;fyLsf] 3/ eTss] f] xfdLn] xg] { ;sg] fF} . To;n} ] xfdL ;a} ldn/] agfOlbofF} . cfpm
/ cf/fdn] a; .

$= kf7af6 cfwf cIf/ nfus] f b; cf]6f zAb l6k M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= cfkm" enf] t hut\ enf] eGg] kf7 sIffdf ;a} PsPs cgR' 5b] u/]/ kfnk} fnf]
k9 .

125/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

^= l7s pQ/df /]hf nufpm M

s_ kfG8f g]kfnsf] s'g If]qdf kfOG5 <

c_ lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qdf cf_ kxf8L / t/fO{ If]qdf

O{_ t/fO{ / dw]; If]qdf

v_ sxfF a9L hf8f] x'G5 <

c_ t/fO{ If]qdf cf_ kxf8L If]qdf O_ lxdfnL If]qdf

u_ bu' {d If]qdf ef/L af]Sg k|of]u ul/g] hgfj/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ xf] .

c_ kfG8f cf_ s:t"/L O_ vRr/

3_ tLa| ultsf] xfjf rNg'nfO{ s] elgG5 <

c_ xfjfx'/L cf_ atf; O_ xfjf

&= dv' }n] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ aAn' kfG8fn] s]s] nufPsf] lyof] <

v_ s:t/" Lsf] gfd s] lyof] <

u_ vNnL s;sf] gfd lyof] <

3_ s;sf] 3/ eTs]sf] lyof] <

*= pQ/ b]pm M

s_ aAn' lsg 3/ 5f]8]/ lxF8\of] <

v_ aAn'n] af6fdf ss;nfO{ e]6\of] <

u_ aAn'n] dG' gLnfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf e]6\of] <

3_ aAn'nfO{ vNnLsf] lsg dfof nfUof] <

ª_ aAn' lsg 5Ss k¥of] <

(= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M -tLgrf/ jfSodf_

s_ sNnL, dG' gL / vNnLn] aAns' f] 3/ lsg agfOlbP <

v_ sNnL, d'GgL / vNnLn] aAns' f] 3/ gagfOlbPsf eP aAn' s] uYof]{

xf]nf < sNkgf u/]/ cfºg} pQ/ n]v .

126 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7af6 rGb|laGb' - F _ nfus] f zAb gbfx] f¥] ofO{ nv] .

@= lgDg cIf/ cfwf ePsf zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

-a, g, ;, y, t, s, h, n, ª, 8, 9, km, x, 6, r, d, v_

#= df6] f cIf/n] nl] vPsf zAbsf ;6\6fdf kf7 x]/]/ pkoS' t ;jg{ fd /fvL /fd|f
cIf/df k'gn{]vg u/ M

æltd|f] 3/ eTs]sf] lyof] . aAn'nfO{ klg hf8f] nfu]s} lyof] . t/ aAn'n]
xfd|f] b'Mv b]Vof] . sNnL, d'GgL / vNnL hf8fn] dg{ nfu]sf lyof}F . aAnn' ]
cfkmn" ] nufO/x]sf] nu' f sNnL, dG' gL / vNnLnfO{ lbof} . xfd|f] Hofg
arfof} . of] u'g sNnL dG' gL / vNnL ltg{ ;Sb}gf}F . o:tf] ;xof]uL ;fyLsf]
3/ eTs]sf] sNnL, dG' gL / vNnLn] x]g{ ;s]gf}F . To;}n] sNnL, d'GgL / vNnL
;a} ldn]/ agfOlbof}F . cfpm / cf/fdn] a; .Æ sNnL dG' gL / vNnLn] eg] .

$= l7s lqmofkb 5fg/] jfSo k/" f u/ M

s_ xfdL sfd ug{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -;S5f}÷;S5f}F ._

v_ ltdL sfd ug{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -;S5f}÷ ;S5f}F .

u_ d 3/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -uP ÷ uPF ._

3_ pgLx¿ 3/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -uP ÷ uPF_

ª_ d k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -eP ÷ ePF_

%= lqmofkbcg;' f/ l7s ;j{Gffd cfkmF} n]v M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cf/fdn] a:5f}F .

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]Ng hfG5f} .

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]Ng hfG5g\ .

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]Ng hfG5g\ .

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]Ng] uP .

127/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

cEof;leqsf] kf7

g]kfnsf] lxdfnL / sltko kxf8L| If]qdf af6f]3f6f] k'Ug ;s]sf] 5g} . tL If]qx¿
bu' {d dflgG5g\ . oftfoftsf] ;l' jwf gxb'F f ToxfFsf dflg;nfO{ w/] } c;'ljwf 5 .
g]kfnsf] b'ud{ 7fpdF f ;fdfg cf;] f/k;f/ ug{ e]8f, Rofªu\ f| / vRr/sf] k|ofu]
ul/G5 . tL hgfj/x¿n] afS] g ;Sg] ;fgf;fgf ef/L agfOG5 . tL ef/L ltg}
hgfj/sf 9f8df gv:g] u/L afFlwG5 . ef/L af]s]sf tL hgfj/nfO{ la:tf/}
lxF8fOG5 . w/] } lbg nufP/ o:tf] ofqf ul/G5 . gk] fnsf b'u{d lxdfnL / kxf8L
Ifq] df o;/L bfn, rfdn, t]n, nQfsk8f, g'g cflb cf;] f/k;f/ ul/G5 .
vRr/ o;/L ;fdfg af]Sg] Pp6f hgfj/ xf] . of] 3f]8fh:t} t/ 3f]8feGbf cln
;fgf] x'G5 . of] 3f]8fh:tf] km'lt{nf] bl] vbF }g . uwf / vRr/ bV] gdf p:t}p:t}
bl] vG5g\ .
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 k|:6;uF k9 .
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] bf];|f] cgR' 5b] /fdf| cIf/ kf/L sfkLdf ;f/ .
#= bu' d{ , kml' t{nf] h:t} /]km - { _ nfu]sf b; cf6] f zAbx¿ nv] .

128 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

$= s\ ± / Ö jm| , u\ ± / Ö u|, d\ ± / Ö d| ePh:t} / ;uF hfl] 8Psf cIf/
ePsf cf7 cf]6f zAb nv] M

Rofª\u|f k|b]z ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfP/ k9 M

b'u{d nfg] / Nofpg] sfd

c;'ljwf hGtÙ' hLj

ofqf oftfoft / cGo ;'ljwf gk'u]sf] 7fpF

cf];f/k;f/ ;l' jwf gxg' ] cj:yf

hgfj/ lxF8fOÙ af6fdf lxF8\g] sfd

^= d'vn} ] pQ/ eg M

s_ g]kfnsf sg' sg' If]q bu' {d 5g\ <

v_ g]kfnsf b'u{d 7fpFdf ;fdfg cf];f/k;f/ ug{ s]s] k|of]u ul/G5 <

u_ vRr/nfO{ s] s:tf ;fdfg af]sfOG5 <

3_ vRr/ / 3f]8fdf s] km/s 5 <

ª_ vRr/h:t} b]lvg] b'O{ cf]6f hgfj/sf] gfd eg .

&= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L gofF zAb agfpm M

;fgf – ;fgf;fgf 7'nf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

w]/} – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ p:t} – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

yf]/} – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ tn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

129/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffdf tLgtLg hgfsf] ;dx" agfpm . g]kfnsf bu' d{ If]qdf ljsf; ug{ s]s]
ug'{knf{ < ;dx" df 5nkmn u/ . cfºgf] ;d"xn] 5nkmn u//] lgsfns] f s/' f
6f]nLgt] fn] cufl8 uP/ ;an} ] ;'Gg] u/L eg .

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ af6f3f6faf6 dflg;nfO{ s;/L kmfObf kU' 5 < krf;;f7L zAbdf j0f{g u/ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

130 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

kf7 ;'? ugc{' l3 kf7 !$

uf]ljGbsf] uf7]

ufO{÷e}F;L – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v;L – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
s'v'/f÷xfF; – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
e]8f – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ss' /' – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3f]8f – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
s's/' – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3f]8f – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pmg, df;,' df;' / cG8f, 3/sf] /]vb]v, bw' , oftfoft

õ dflysf k|f0fLaf6 dflg;nfO{ s]s] kmfObf x'G5 < n]v .

zAb / cy{

uf]7fnf] – uf]7df a;]/ ufO{a:t'sf] /]vb]v, l/;fxf – w]/} l/;fpg]
rNnf – s'v/' fsf] aRrf
:ofxf/ ug]{

;Gtfs] L – ;Gtf]ifLÙ emu8f gug]{ /v] bv] – x]/ljrf/Ù x]/rfx

131/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

dn" kf7

ufl] jGbsf] uf]7

gd:t] † d/] f] gfd uf]ljGb xf] .
d Pp6f uf]7fnf] x'F .
d/] f w/] } ;fyLx¿ 5g\ .
d lbeel/ d/] f ;fyLx¿;uF } xG' 5 .
lrGg] xfO] g t d]/f ;fyLx¿nfO{ <

oL dfnL / tf/] x'g\ . logLx¿
Pscsfn{ fO{ ;f/} dfof u5g{ \ .
dfnL ufOs{ f] b'w vfP/ d alnof]
ePsf] 5' .

of] e'Ss] xf] .
of] ;f/} 1fgL 5 .
d/] f] of] sf6] eS' s]s} eT' nfn] ag]sf] xf] .

o;sf] gfd laGgL xf] .
of] ;f/} ;Gtfs] L 5 .

o;sf] gfd 3gZofd xf] .
cf]xf] † 3gZofd t Sof l56f] bf}8G5 lg .

132 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

o;nfO{ d sfnL eG5' .
of] lgs} l/;fxf 5] .
o;sf] ;fyL sfn] t emg\ l/;fxf 5 .

logLx¿ l;G8L /
To;sf rNnfx¿ xg' \ . logLx¿
6fn] } ylsg{ ] u/L xNnf u5{g\ .

o;sf] gfd
xF;n' L xf] .
of] la/fnf;Fu
v'a emu8f u5{ .

o;sf] gfd dg] xf] .
of] Kof/f] / km'lt{nf] 5 .

o;sf] gfd kmfO6/
xf] . o;n] d/] f] sfddf
;xofu] u5{ . o;n]
d/] f ;a} ufO{a:t'sf] /]vb]v u5{ .

d]/f ;fyLx¿ ltdLnfO{ s:tf nfu] <
ltd|f ;fyLx¿ s:tf 5g\ < ;'gfpm x} .

133/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf n]v M

aª\u/' , e}F;L, afv|f, e'Tnf, ;Gtf]sL, 3gZofd, yls{g]

@= tn cy{ lbOPs]f 5 . cy;{ uF ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] ]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – uf]7df a;]/ ufO{a:ts' f] b]vb]v, :ofxf/ ug]{

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – w]/} dfof

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ;Gtf]ifLÙ emu8f gug]{

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – w]/} l/;fpg]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – w]/} emu8f

#= Pp6} cy{ cfpg] zAbsf hf8] f ldnfpm M

;fyL dfofn'

/]vb]v /f}F

Kof/f] hGt'

eT' nf x]/ljrf/

;Gtf]sL ;Gtf]ifL

hgfj/ ldq

$= tnsf zAb ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M

/]vb]v, hgfj/, xNnf, b'w, sf]6, kml' t{nf]

134 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!$ Wofgk"js{ ;'g / vfnL 7fpFdf l7s zAb e/ M

s_ ;f/f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ jif{sL 5] .

v_ ;f/f / d ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;Fu} k9\b} cfPsf 5f}F .

u_ ;f/f / d ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ a]nfdf klg e]6 xG' 5f}F .

3_ ;f/f ld7f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ufpF5] .

ª_ ;f/fnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ va' } dg k5{ .

@= Pp6} :sn' gk9g\ ] t/ ltdL;Fu Hofb} ldNg] Ps hgf ;fyLsf] af/d] f sIffdf
atfpm . ;fyLsf] af/d] f atfpFbf tnsf ;"rgfx¿ lbgk' g{5] .

s_ gfd

v_ pd]/

u_ ltdL;Fu ug{] ultljlw

3_ dg kg{] v]n, vfgf cflb .

#= dflysf] kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] >l' tn]vg u/ .

$= tnsf] cgR' 5b] k|:6;Fu k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

oL dfnL / tf/] x'g\ . logLx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ ;f/} dfof u5{g\ . dfnL ufO{sf]
b'w vfP/ d alnof] ePsf] 5' .

%= tnsf gfdx¿ sg' kf| 0fLsf x'g\ < atfpm M

dfnL M ufO{ eS' s] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3gZofd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ sfnL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;G8L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ x;'FnL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dg] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kmfO6/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

135/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

^= vfnL 7fpFdf hgfj/sf] gfd nv] M

s_ bw' lbg] hgfj/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ pmg lbg] hgfj/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ cG8f / df;' lbg] hgfj/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ lxF88n' ug{ k|of]u ul/g] hgfj/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= pQ/ b]pm M

s_ ufO{a:ts' f] /]vb]v ug]{nfO{ elgG5 <

v_ uf]ljGbsf ;fyLx¿ s]s] /x]5g\ <

u_ e]8fsf] eT' nfaf6 aGg] sg' } b'O{ cf]6f n'ufsf] gfd n]v .

3_ kf7sf cfwf/df aRrf hGdfpg] / cG8f kfg]{ bO' {bO' { hgfj/sf] gfd
n]v .

ª_ s]n] w]/} xNnf u5{ <

*= uf]ljGbsf ;fyLx¿ s:tfs:tf /x]5g\ < kfrF ;ft jfSodf nv] .

(= dflysf hgfj/dWo] ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ hgfj/ sg' xf] < pSt hgfj/sf
af/d] f kfFr jfSodf nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

136 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7 x/] L tnsf zAb z'4;uF sfkLdf ;f/ M

ls;Ldsf, ufO, lbge/L, anLof], 3g:ofd, ifGtf]sL, 7sL{g], km'tLnf]{

@= tnsf zAbsf] l7s 7fpdF f /k] m - { _ nufpm M

pQL/\0f, y/\lsg], r/\kL, u/\5, km'/\ltnf]

#= l7s tl/sfn] …/\Ú sf ¿k nv] M

6\/s – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k\/sfz – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ltd\/f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ e\/d – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfd\/f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 8/\d – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s\l/of – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u\l/n – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

rGb\/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= kl' nªu\ / :qLlnªu\ ae' mfpg] zAbsf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

uf]? 5fp/L kf7f] e'gL

/fFuf] afv|f] efn] kf7L

5fp/f] ufO{ a'Rrf] kf8L

af]sf] 9f]O{ a5]8f] a5]8L

dQf e}F;L kf8f] kf]yL

137/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

cEof;leqsf] kf7

ls;fgx¿ vt] LkftL u5{g\ .
ls;fgx¿ ufO{a:t' klg kfN5g\ .
ufO{a:ta' f6 klg dflg;nfO{ kmfObf
xG' 5 .

e]8f gk] fnsf] lxdfnL / kxf8L
eu] df kflnG5 . e]8fsf] pmgaf6
/f8LkfvL aG5 . GofgfGofgf
sk8f agfpg klg e8] fsf] pmg
ko| fu] ul/G5 . df;'sf nflu klg
e8] f pkof] uL xG' 5 . e8] fsf] b'w /
l3p cf}ifwLsf ¿kdf ;dt] ko| fu]
ul/G5 .

ufOa{ f6 klg dflg;nfO{ kmfObf xG' 5 . ufOs{ f] bw' kfl] ;nf] dflgG5 . bw' af6 w]/}
kl/sf/ agfpg ;lsG5 . ufO{ xfdf| ] /fli6«o hgfj/ klg xf] .

!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7af6 cGTodf Os{ f/ - L _ ePsf kfFr cf]6f zAbx¿ nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= p:t} ;l' gg] zAb n]v M

ufO{ M /fO{ 3/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ahf/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lbg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fyL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ uf8L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

6f]nL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

138 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

$= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfO{ k9 M

e]u hf8f]df tftf] xg' ]

GofgfGofgf kf]; nfUg]Ù tfut lbg]Ù kf}li6s

pkof]uL vfgfsf] lsl;d

kf]l;nf] If]qÙ 7fpF

kl/sf/ hGt'Ù ufO{a:t'

hgfj/ sfd nfUg]Ù pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]

%= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

s_ ls;fgx¿ ufO{a:t' lsg kfN5g\ <

v_ e]8f g]kfnsf] sg' If]qdf kflnG5 <

u_ e]8faf6 x'g] tLg cf]6f kmfObf n]v .

3_ ufO{sf] b'waf6 aGg] tLg cf]6f kl/sf/sf gfd n]v .

ª_ xfd|f] /fli6«o hgfj/sf] gfd s] xf] <

^= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] t];f| ] cg'R5b] u'?af6 ;'g/] nv] .

&= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gofF zAb agfpm M

pkof]u – pkof]uL wg – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

d]xgt – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kxf8 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lxdfn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;xof]u – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

g]kfn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /f]u – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M

ls;fg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cfdf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

alxgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

efGhL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pgLx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

139/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ ltdf| ;fyLx¿sf 3/df ljleGg 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ xf]nfg\ . tL 3/kfnj' f
hgfj/sf] afn] fpg] gfd s] xf] < kfrF hgf ;fyLnfO{ ;fw] ]/ nv] M
;fyLsf] gfd 3/kfnj' f hgfj/ 3/kfnj' f hgfj/sf] af]nfpg] gfd
!= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;h{gfTds nv] g

õ ltd|f] 3/df 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ xfn] f . 5}g eg] klg ltdLnfO{ s'g} hgfj/ dg
k5{ . To;sf af/]df krf; zAbdf nv] M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

140 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff #

;'gfO kf7–!
x/]s k|f0fLsf] cfjfh leGg lsl;dsf] xG' 5 . ss' '/ es' es' u5{ . la/fnf] DofpFDofpF u5{ . ufO{ afFafF
u5{ . afv|f DofFDofF u5{ . e}F;L cfOFcfOF u5{ . 3f]8f lxlxlxlx u5{ . d';f lrFlrF u5{ .

r/fx¿sf] cfjfh klg km/skm/s xG' 5 . sfu sfsf u5{ . efn] sv' '/f sv' /' L sfF u5{ . k/]jf dsds
3'/3/' u5{ . sf]OnL s'x'sx' ' u5{ .

;'gfO kf7–@
of] /]l8of] uf]kfn xf] . tkfO{F ;G' tnL d}ofFaf6 ;fFem & ah]sf] ;dfrf/ ;G' b} x'gx' 'G5 . ;'?df cfhsf]
k|d'v ;dfrf/ . lxhf] uPsf] xfjfx/' Ldf k/L nfvf}F ;n' ;n' ]x¿ 3/af/ljxLg . af3sf] 6f]sfOaf6 Ps
bh{g nfdv'6\6\]sf] lgwg . sldnf / xfQLsf] 3df;fg le8Gt . :ju{nf]s oftfoftsf] a; ;g' sf];Ldf
v:bf s}of}F df5fx¿ au]/ a]kQf . ?v r9\g] k|ltof]lutfdf afFb/x¿ ?vaf6 v;]/ 3fOt] .

;'gfO kf7–#
Psfb]zdf Pp6f a9' f] / cge' jL k/]jf lyof] . To; a'9f] k/]jfn] c¿ hjfg k/]jfx¿nfO{ eGof] .
ærf/f] b]Vg]lalQs} rf/f] l6Kg gal;xfNg' x}, . otfplt x]/]/ dfq rf/f] l6Kg' lg †Æ

t/ hjfg k/]jfx¿n] a'9f] k/]jfsf] ;Nnfx dfg]gg\ . pgLx¿ Pp6f 7n' f] rp/df 5l/P/ rf/f] l6Kg
al;xfn] . ef]sfPsf k/]jfx¿ km6fkm6 rf/f] l6Kg yfn] . rf/f] vfO;s]kl5 pgLx¿ p8\g rfx] t/
p8\g ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿ cl3 g} l;sf/Ln] yfk]sf] hfndf kl/;s]sf lyP .

;g' fO kf7–$
dgf]hsf] 3/ ufpFdf 5 . dgf]hsf] 3/ b'O{ tn] 5 . eO' {Ftnfdf Pp6f 7n' f] a}7s sf]7f 5 . a}7s
sf]7f;Fu ;fgf;fgf tLg cf]6f e08f/ sf]7fx¿ 5g\ . dflyNnf] tnfdf rf/ cf]6f sf]7fx¿ 5g\ . 3/sf]
klZrdblIf0fsf] sf]7f dgf]hsf] a'afcfdfx¿sf] xf] . Tof] sf]7f c¿ sf]7feGbf 7n' f] 5 . klZrdpQ/sf]
sf]7f rflxF dgf]hsf] bfhs' f] sf]7f xf] . dgf]hsf] sf]7f rflxF kj" {blIf0fsf] sf]7f xf] . kj" f{]t/ s'gfsf]
sf]7fdf kfxg' fx¿ cfpFbf a:gx' G' 5 . efG;f3/k5fl8 ;fgf] s/];faf/L 5 . gx' fpg] sf]7f / kfOvfgf
3/eGbf cln k/ 5 .

;g' fO kf7–%
s5f8 nf]Ug]dfG5]n] nufpg] sk8f xf] . s5f8 sDd/b]lv 3'8fF;Dd nufpg] Ps lsl;dsf] 5f]6f] wf]tL
xf] . s5f8 k|foM ;]tf] /ªsf] xG' 5 . s5f8 du/, u'?ª, s'dfn, lwdfn, b/' f hfltn] nufpF5g\ .

wf]tL klg nf]Ug]dfG5]n] nufpg] sk8f xf] . wf]tL sDd/b]lv tn nufOG5 . wf]tL w]/}h;f] ;]tf]
sk8fsf] lsgf/fdf kf/L ePsf] xG' 5 . cfhsn dl;gf] sf]7f ePsf] wf]tL klg nufpg] rng a9]sf]
5 . wf]tL w]/}h;f] t/fO{sf afl;Gbfx¿n] nufpF5g\ . st}st} kh" fkf7 ubf{ klg ;]tf] wf]tL nufpg]
rng 5 .

;g' fO kf7–^
d]/f xh'/a'af axQ/ jif{sf] x'gx' 'G5 . pxfF klxn] ;]gfdf hflu/ vfgx' 'GYof] . pxfF laxfg rf/kfFr
ah] g} p7\gx' 'G5 . clg Ps 306f hlt 3d' lkm/ ugx'{ G' 5 . aflx/ st} uP/ kmjm{ bF f xfdLnfO{ rsn6]
NofOlbgx' G' 5 . pxfsF f] sf7] fdf eml' G8Psf] sf6] sf] ufh] Ldf klg rsn6] xG' 5 . To;n} ] xfdL w/] h} ;f] pxfsF f]
sf7] df kl;/xG5fF} . pxfF xfdLnfO{ w/] } vfn] syf ;g' fpgx' G' 5 . af6] la?jfsf,] hgfj/sf,] et" sf,] dxfef/t
/ /fdfo0fsf] syf ;g' fpgx' G' 5 . slxns] fxLF pxfF ;g] fdf xbF' f ePsf] n8fOsF f] syf klg ;g' fpgx' G' 5 .

141/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

;'gfO kf7–&
cfhsn v]tLkftL ug{ w]/} lsl;dsf d]l;gx¿ k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . To:tf d]l;gx¿dWo] 6\ofS6/
klg Ps xf] . v]tLkftLsf qmddf 6\ofS6/sf] w]/} lsl;dn] k|of]u ul/G5 . 6\ofS6/nfO{ v]t hf]Tg, v]t
lxNofpg, df6f] vGg / tfGg k|of]u ul/G5 . To;} u/L df6f] ;Dofpg, ;fdfgx¿ cf];f/k;f/ ug{ klg
6\ofS6/ k|of]u ul/G5 . cfhsn t au}Frfsf] emf/kft sf6\g, dnlap 5g{ klg ;fgf] 6\ofS6/sf] k|of]u
x'g yfn]sf] 5 . slxn]sfxLF t dflg;x¿ cf];f/k;f/ ug{ klg 6\ofS6/sf] k|of]u u5{g\ .

;'gfO kf7–*
csa/ / jL/an cfu/f ;x/df 8N' b} lyP . csa/n] ?vsf xfFufx¿df yk' |} sfux¿ b]v] . pgnfO{
jL/annfO{ d"v{ agfpg] ljrf/ cfof] .

æP jL/an Û ltdL cfkmn" fO{ cfu/fsf] ;a} s/' f yfxf ePsf] dfG5] 7fG5f} /] Û nf} eg t, cfu/f
;x/df slt cf]6f sfu 5g\ <Æ csa/n] ;f]w] .

æ7\ofSs} 5 xhf/ tLg ;o ;QfO; cf]6f sfu 5g\ of] cfu/f ;x/df ;/sf/ †Æ jL/ann] t'?Gt
hafkm lbP .

æs;/L <Æ jL/ansf] hafkm ;'g]/ csa/n] 5Ss kb{} ;f]w] .

ægkTofP uGgx' f];\ g Û t/ ofb ug{x' f];\ sbflrt To;eGbf w]/} sfu eP tL w]/} hlt oxfF kfxg' f
cfPsf 5g\ . t/ d}n] eg] eGbf yf]/} eP oxfFsf sfux¿ c¿lt/ kfx'gf uPsf 5g\ .Æ

jL/ansf] s'/f ;'g]/ csa/sf] af]nL aGb eof] .

;g' fO kf7–(
3/df ltdLnfO{ s;n] syfx¿ ;g' fpgx' 'G5 < s] ltdLnfO{ syfx¿ eGg cfpF5 < cfpF5 eg] sg' sg'
syf cfpF5 . ltdLnfO{ cfpg] syfx¿sf] ;r" L agfpm . cfh g} 3/df uP/ xh/' af, xh'/cfdf, a'af
jf cfdf h;nfO{ eP klg Pp6f syf ;'gfOdfu . ltdLn] w]/} syfx¿ ;G' gk' 5{ . ltdLn] hgfj/sf
syfx¿ ;'Ggk' 5{ . ltdLn] 9'ª\uf, d9' f, ?v, kft, 3/, kfgL, lxdfn cflb af]n]sf] syf ;'Gg'k5{ .
ltdLn] dxfef/tsf] / /fdfo0fsf] syf ;'Gg'k5{ . ltdLn] afOan / s'/fgsf] syf ;G' g'k5{ . ltdLn]
uf}td a4' ;Fu ;GalGwt syf ;'Ggk' 5{ . ltdL hlt w]/} syf ;'G5f}, plt g} rnfv / c;n aGb}
hfG5f} .

;'gfO kf7–!)
cg'kfnfO{ cfh clncln 8/ nfu]sf] 5 . pm cfh}b]lv gofF :s'ndf hfFb} 5] . p;sf] 3/ ;'b"/
klZrdsf] 88]nw/' f xf] . t/ p;sf] aa' fsf] hflu/ sf7df8fF} ;?jf eof] . To;}n] pm sf7df8f}Fsf]
gofF :s'ndf egf{ x'g cfOk'u]sL xf] . p;nfO{ gofF ;fyLx¿ s:tf xf]nfg\ < sIffsf]7f s:tf] xf]nf
< lzIfsx¿ s:tf xf]nfg\ eGg] s'/fn] lgs} ;tfPsf] 5 . p;nfO{ x]8 ld;n] sIffdf 8f]xf]¥ofP/
k¥' ofpgx' G' 5 . pm cln lg/fz eP/ sIffdf k:5] . æxfd|L gofF ;fyL cg'kfnfO{ :jfut 5 .Æ ;a}n]
d:' s'/fpFb} eG5g\ . Pp6L ;fyLn] p;nfO{ tfG5] / cfkm";Fu} /fV5] .Æ d]/f] gfd cf/tL xf] . ca
xfdL;Fu} a:5f}F x} cg'kf .Æ cgk' f cf/tLsf] xFl;nf] / ;xof]uL af]nL ;g' ]/ 9S' s x'G5] . p;sf] dgsf]
8/ x/fO;s]sf] xG' 5 .

142 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff #

;'gfO kf7–!!
!= xldªa8{ eGg] r/f] k5fl8 klg p8\g ;S5 .
@= cl:6«r eGg] r/fn] nftn] xfg]/ dfG5] dfg{ ;S5 .
#= df}/Ln] v'6\6fn] :jfb yfxf kfpF5 .
$= c:6f]k;sf] tLg cf]6f d6' ' x'G5 .
%= xfQL slxn] klg xfd kmfNg ;Sb}g .
^= ;k{n] lha|fn] af:gf yfxf kfpF5 .
&= Eofut' f cfFvf vN' nf /fv]/ lgbfpF5 .
*= lrt'jf ;a}eGbf l56f] bf}8\g] k|f0fL xf] . lrtj' f Ps 306fdf !@) lsnf]ld6/ bf}8g ;S5 .
(= afv|f ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] 3/kfnj' f hgfj/ xf] .
!)= lemFufsf] cfo' hDdf !$ lbgsf] dfq x'G5 .

;'gfO kf7–!@
s]xL s]6fx¿ kf]v/Lsf] 5]pdf v]Nb} lyP . crfgs pgLx¿n] kfgLdf t}l//x]sf Eofut' fx¿ b]v] .

ænf} s;n] 9ª' \ufn] Eofu'tfnfO{ nufpg ;S5 <Æ Pp6fn] eGof] . To;kl5 s]6fx¿ 9ª' \uf l6Kb}
Eofu'tfx¿nfO{ xfGg yfn] . Eofut' fx¿ 9ª' \ufaf6 aRg kfgLdf 8'Ab} t}l/b}F ug{ yfn] . t/ klg s]xLnfO{
9ª' \ufn] nfluxfNof] . 9'ª\ufn] nfu]sf s]xL Eofu'tfx¿ dl/xfn] . To;kl5 Pp6f ;fgf] Eofut' f]
sdnsf] kftdf r9]/ eGg yfNof] . æP bfh'x¿ xf] Û tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ xfdLdfly 9'ª\uf xfGbf cfgGb
cfO/x]sf] 5 . tkfO{Fx¿ /dfO/xg' ePsf] 5 . t/ xfdL eg] dl//x]sf 5f}F .

;fgf] Eofut' fsf] s/' f ;g' ]/ s]6fx¿ 5Ss k/] .

;g' fO kf7–!#
xfd|f] b]z g]kfn xf] . g]kfndf lxdfnL e]s, kxf8L e]s / t/fO{ e]s u/L tLg efu 5g\ . g]kfnsf]
;a}eGbf pQ/L efunfO{ lxdfnL e]s elgG5 . oxfF ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf cUnf] lxdfn ;u/dfyf 5 .
;u/dfyf;Fu} s~rghª\3f, dsfn,' cGgk"0f{, wjnflul/h:tf cUnf lxdfnx¿ 5g\ . o; e]sdf
lr;f] xfjfkfgL xG' 5 . o; e]sdf w]/}h;f] z]kf{ hfltsf] a;f]af; 5 . oxfF rf}F/L, e]8f, kfG8f,
lxpFefnh' :tf hgfj/ kfOG5 . 8fFkm], d'gfnh:tf kG5Lx¿ klg o; e]sd} kfOG5g\ . o; e]snfO{
cd"No hl8a6' Lsf] vfgL klg dflgG5 . g]kfnsf 7n' f7'nf gbLx¿sf] dx' fg klg lxdfnL e]s g} xf] .

;'gfO kf7–!$
xfd|f w]/} ;fyLx¿ x'G5g\ . d]/f klg w]/} ;fyLx¿ 5g\ . d]/f w]/} ;fyLx¿dWo] d cfh Ps hgf ;fyL
;f/fsf] af/]df atfpF5' .

;f/f d;Fu w]/} ldNg] ;fyL xf] . pm * jif{sL 5] . pm / d g;{/Lb]lv ;Fu} k9\b} cfPsf 5f}F . p;sf]
3/ / d]/f] 3/ Pp6} 6f]ndf 5 . To;}n] xfdL 5'6\6Lsf] a]nf klg e]6 eO/fV5fF} .

;f/f ld7f] uLt ufpF5] . p;nfO{ bf}8df xfd|f] sIffsf] s;}n] klg lhTb}g . p;nfO{ lkHhf / lv/ v'a}
dg k5{ . p;nfO{ ;fª\nfb]lv cToGt} 8/ nfU5 .

143/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff #

sIff–#
l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f

kf7qmd kf7 zLifs{ ;'gfO afn] fO k9fO

! d]/f] ;fgf] 3/ ™ j:t', hgfj/ tyf ™ b]v];g' ]sf / k9]sf s'/fsf] df}lvs j0f{g ™ n]lvPsf s/' fx¿ z'4 /
r/fr?' ª\uLn] lgsfNg] ug{ :ki6 pRrf/0f u/L k9\g
cfjfh 5'6\ofpg .
™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ no ldnfO{ ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿
™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf JolQmut tyf ;dx" df xfpefp;lxt xfpefp;lxt k9\g
k|;f/0f ePsf afn ufpg
pkof]uL sfo{qmd ;'Gg
™ cfºgf] 3/sf af/]df atfpg

@= 6]lnlehg ™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf ™ ;o+ 'Qm j0f{ ePsf zAbsf] z'4 pRrf/0f ™ n]lvPsf s/' fx¿ z4' /
k|;f/0f ePsf afn ug{ :ki6 pRrf/0f u/L k9\g
pkof]uL sfo{qmd ;'Gg
™ b]v];g' ]sf / k9]sf s/' fsf] df}lvs j0f{g ™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gfx¿ /
ug{ cGo ljj/0fx¿ z4' ;Fu
k9\g

™ l7sa]l7s 56' \fpg

#= w"t{ :ofn / ™ bO' {tLg jfSo;Ddsf] ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf eGg ™ l7s pQ/ klxNofpg
rnfv afv|f] ;r" gf ;'g]/ c¿nfO{
atfpg . ™ 5f]6f ;j+ fbx¿df ;xefuL x'g ™ syfqmd ldnfpg
$= xtf/
™ kf7 ;'g]/ ;xL pQ/ ™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ no ldnfO{ ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult
atfpg JolQmut tyf ;dx" df xfpefp;lxt ldnfO{ ;:j/ k9\g
ufpg
™ l7s pQ/ klxNofpg

%= d}n] b]v]sf ™ ljz]if jftfj/0fdf ™ b]v];'g]sf / k9]sf s/' fsf] df}lvs j0f{g ™ l7sa]l7s 5'6\ofpg
6f]kLx¿ -dlGb/, xf6ahf/ cflb_ ug{ ™ l7s pQ/ klxNofpg
x'g] s'/fsfgL ;g' L
^= afh]sf] yfn k|ltlqmof hgfpg

&= 8Nn]7f] ™ ckl/lrt ;/n afnuLt ™ gd:t]÷gd:sf/, ltdL, tkfO{F, xh'/, ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿
tyf syfx¿ ;'g]/ eGg . wGojfb cflb lzi6frf/sf zAb k|of]u xfpefp;lxt k9\g
ug{
™ l7sa]l7s 5'6\ofpg
™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf eGg
™ l7s pQ/ klxNofpg

™ kf7 ;'g]/ ;xL pQ/ ™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ no ldnfO{ ™ n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ z'4 /
atfpg JolQmut tyf ;dx" df xfpefp;lxt :ki6 pRrf/0f u/L k9\g
ufpg
™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿
xfpefp;lxt k9\g

™ l7s pQ/ klxNofpg

144 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

nv] fO sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f zAbe08f/

™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ agfO{ lnlvt j0f{g ™ zAbx¿ hf]8]/ gofF zAb agfpg ™ k|f0fL / af; atfpg] zAb
ug{ ™ gfd n]Vg n]Vg

™ kf7 k9L 5f]6f pQ/ n]Vg

™ a9fP/ n]Vg

™ cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf zAb n]Vg

™ ;fwf/0f cgR' 5]bsf] cg'n]vg ug{ ™ Psjrg / ¿k ablnP/ tyf …x¿Ú nfu]/ ™ zAb x]/L lrq lrGg
™ lgb]{zgcg';f/ 5f]6f cgR' 5]b n]Vg ax'jrg xg' ] kb;Fu lqmofsf] d]n ug{ ™ ;ª\lIfKt zAb n]Vg / eGg
™ kf7 k9L 5f]6f pQ/ n]Vg
™ …dÚ, …tFÚ, …ltdLÚ, …tkfO{FÚ, …pmÚ / …pgLÚ
stf{;Fu pkoQ' m lqmofsf] k|of]u ug{

™ ;fdfGo et" sfnsf] k|of]u u/L af]Ng / n]Vg

™ lgb]{zgcg';f/ 5f]6f cgR' 5]b n]Vg ™ gfdsf] cufl8 ldNg] ljz]if0f /fVg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb
™ kf7 k9L 5f]6f pQ/ n]Vg ™ s/0fcs/0f kl/jt{g ug{ hf]8L ldnfpg

™ pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]Vg

™ ;/n jfSox¿ cg'n]vg ug{ ™ Psjrg / ¿k ablnP/ tyf …x¿Ú nfu]/ ™ zAb x]/L lrq lrGg
™ lgb]{zgcg;' f/ 5f]6f cgR' 5]b n]Vg ax'jrg xg' ] kb;Fu lqmofsf] d]n ug{
™ a9fP/ n]Vg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb
™ ;fdfGo jt{dfg sfn k|of]u u/L af]Ng / hf]8L ldnfpg
n]Vg
™ k|f0fL / aRrfsf] gfd n]Vg

™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ agfO{ lnlvt j0f{g ™ …dÚ, …tFÚ, …ltdLÚ, …tkfO{FÚ, …pmÚ / …pgLÚ ™ pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]Vg
ug{ stf{;Fu pko'Qm lqmofsf] k|of]u ug{
™ ;'Gbf p:t} ;l' gg] t/ n]vfO
™ lgb]{zgcg;' f/ 5f]6f cgR' 5]b n]Vg / cy{ leGg ePsf zAb
lrGg

™ lgb]{zgcg';f/ 5f]6f cg'R5]b n]Vg ™ zAbx¿ hf]8]/ gofF zAb agfpg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb
™ kf7 k9L 5f]6f pQ/ n]Vg ™ lqmofsf sfn kl/jt{g ug{ hf]8L ldnfpg

™ l;ª\uf zAbsf] cy{ eGg

™ cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ agfO{ lnlvt j0f{g ™ lqmofsf sfn kl/jt{g ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf]
ug{ cy{ atfpg

™ afGsL ldn]sf j0f{x¿ l7s b'/Ldf n]Vg 145/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff #

™ lgb]{zgcg;' f/ 5f]6f cgR' 5]b n]Vg

™ kf7 k9L 5f]6f pQ/ n]Vg