Fire Life Safety Module 1 for ERT

2022 Fire Life Safety Refresher Module 1 for ERT
Members of Yangon

Upon comple on of this fire life safety training Module 1 for ERT members,
learners from Yangon Proper es should be able to understand the following:

Importance of fire safety training
Responsibility of Emergency Response Team members
Fire hazards in a workplace
Types of fire and ex nguishers
Fire preven on and safety

Click the "Start Course" bu on to begin.

IN T R O DUC T IO N

Why Fire Safety Training Is Important
Shangri-La's Responsibility to You

PREVENTING OFFICE FIRES

How Fires Start
Fire Hazards in the Workplace

PR EPAR IN G FOR OFFICE FIR ES

Evacuation Roles and Responsibilities
Conducting Effective Fire Drills

RESPONDING TO OFFICE FIRES

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
What to Do If You See Fire or Smoke

C ON C LUSION

Quiz
Summary

Lesson 1 of 10

Why Fire Safety Training Is Important

Imagine This ...

Someone leaves a frying pan on the stove una ended and caused a fire
to break out in the kitchen.

What are some considera ons you may have ? Do you ask yourself the
following :

Where are all the fire ex nguishers ?
What’s your plan for communica ng throughout the whole building
in case of a fire ?
Do you have pre-planned and prac ced escape routes ? The fire may
not start or be set in a place where it is convenient for you to
evacuate out the main door.
What would be a goal amount of me in which you want to
complete the evacua on ?
Do you have emergency numbers, guest / tenants lists and
colleagues contact numbers available off site in case you are unable
to re-enter the building for a period of me ?

What would be an appropriate target to set for a full evacua on ?

Do you know what to do in the above scenario ?
Why Prepara on Ma ers

By being prepared for emergencies and knowing how to respond
appropriately, risk can be minimized. Being prepared :

1 Educates colleagues about fire hazards.

2 Helps reduce poten al risks.
3 Promotes a safe work environment.
4 Ensures that we all know what to do in an emergency.

Fire is the most frequent disaster in Myanmar as
approximately 900 cases on average are
reported every year in Myanmar according to
Myanmar Fire Services Department.

Fire Safety training is not only required by law, it’s also an extremely
important skill to obtain regarding the safety of our colleagues and
others who might be in the building. Fires are damaging to property,
cause injury or death, and can even eliminate jobs since many buildings
destroyed by fire are not rebuilt. The way to prevent these dire
outcomes is proper fire safety training.

CONTINUE

Lesson 2 of 10

Shangri-La's Responsibility to You

What does Shangri-La's
Fire & Life Safety aim to achieve ?

1 Zero fire incident
2 No fire hazard
3 Fire protec on systems working at all mes

4 People know how to react and respond during a fire emergency

In order to achieve these goals, the following key Fire & Life Safety
func ons are required to be implemented.

–Fire Preven on

Includes awareness, training programs and hazard elimina on
processes to prevent fire.

Emergency Response –

Includes emergency plans and procedures to manage fire emergencies.

Protec on Through Fire Emergency Systems –

Includes inspec on, tes ng, and maintenance to ensure FLS systems are
ready to work any me when needed .

By taking the above precau ons, we are reducing the risks of a
workplace fire. But ul mately, fire safety is everyone's responsibility.

CONTINUE

Lesson 3 of 10

How Fires Start

A Fire Needs Three Elements

1 Fuel
2 Oxygen
3 Heat

Fuel: The Material That Burns

Types of Fuel

Material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or
power. There are three types of fuel.

–Combus ble Solid

Combus ble solids are those capable of igni ng and burning such as :
Wood
Paper
Cardboard

–Flammable Liquid

Flammable liquids are liquids that can burn such as :
Gasoline
Toluene
Cleaning solu ons

–Ignitable Gas

All flammable gases. When these gases are mixed with an oxidant and
provided with an igni on source, they will burn. Such as :

Propane
Methane
Natural gas

 Some materials are easier to ignite than others. For e.g, untreated

natural fibers such as co on, linen and silk burn more readily than
wool, which is more difficult to ignite and burns with a low flame
velocity.

Oxygen: Allows a Fire to Breathe

What Happens When Fuel Combines with Oxygen?

Air contains about 21 percent oxygen, and most fires require at least 16
percent oxygen content to burn. Oxygen supports the chemical
processes that occur during fire. When fuel burns, it reacts with oxygen
from the surrounding air, releasing heat and genera ng combus on
products (gases, smoke, embers, etc.).

The more oxygen a fire has, the stronger it will burn.

 Flammable vapors mix with oxygen and burn. When solvent vapors

are mixed with air they may (like gasoline vapors) form flammable
mixtures that will ignite and burn when exposed to a spark or flame.

Heat: The Igni on Source

Common Sources of Heat

There are many sources of Heat. Typical examples of heat sources are:
gas boilers, wasted heat (from industrial processes), natural gas,
propane, oil, coal, wood, electricity, heat pumps, hot surface, electric
spark etc.

 Cau on that each of the above sources of heat can o en be found

in an office.

FIRE TRIANGLE | Source : h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URIyms6XGGk

The Fire Triangle is a simple model for understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires.

The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat,
fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). A fire naturally occurs
when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture. A fire
can be prevented or ex nguished by removing any one of the elements
in the fire triangle. For example, covering a fire with a fire blanket blocks
oxygen and can ex nguish a fire.

When people understand the speed at which fire can spread, they will
be more likely to be cau ous about fire risks. They will also know how
much me they have to escape when a fire breaks out in their places.
While the fire’s movement depends on different condi ons, the
following example can impart a general idea of the speed of fire.

Source : h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr6b9b8FYKk
A live Christmas tree burn conducted by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) shows
just how quickly a dried out Christmas tree fire burns, with flashover occurring in less than one minute

CONTINUE

Once a fire starts, it con nues to consume more
fuel and oxygen—which, in turn, generates more
heat. And so, if le unaddressed, a fire will only
grow and become more out of control.

There are several ways a fire could start in our office. And, in the next
lesson, you'll learn how to spot those hazards and remove the risks.

Lesson 4 of 10

Fire Hazards in the Workplace

What's Causing Fires in Workplace?
Some of the most common causes of fire in the
workplace can be faulty electrical equipment,
flammable and combus ble materials, lack of
staff training, lack of resources and equipment in
place etc.

Fire Hazards in a Property

Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards. A fire
hazard may include a situa on that increases the likelihood of a fire or

may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.

Paper Box
Files Cabinet
Unwanted items
Carpet
Electrical Appliances
Mechanical Appliances
Human Error etc.

Overloaded Una ended Improper storage Blocked
power strip cooking sta on of files and paper emergency exit

boxes

How to Remove Workplace Hazards

–Keep Your Desk Tidy

Eliminate loose papers.
Don't pile boxes on your desk.

Be Cau ous of Overloading Power Circuits –

DON’Ts DOs

Do not plug to many extension Ensure power requirements are spread
plugs / adapters / addi onal power out across available power outlets.
extension cords into one power
outlet.

Do not use counterfeit chargers User only genuine chargers which have
which are not tested. been tested and accredited to be safe.

Do not place extension cords in If it is required to place extension cords in
areas where people may trip over an area with high foot traffic, tape the
the wires. wires to the floor and clearly mark them.

Do not use appliances with loose Check wires and sockets regularly.
sockets or frayed or exposed wires.

Store Flammable Chemicals Safely –

–Avoid Overhea ng

Don't place cords near a heat source.
Don't cover cords with paper or rugs.
Keep machinery clean and free of dust.
Turn off your computer at the end of each workday.

Be Mindful of Cigare e Disposal –

Smoke only in designated areas.
Make sure cigare es are completely out.
Place bu s in proper containers.

Complete the content above before moving on.

Preven on

Store all items according to relevant instruc ons and prac ce
good housekeeping
Check the electrical and mechanical appliances when before
your start your work and a er you have completed your work.

Dispose of unwanted items in line with disposal
recommenda ons. General trash can go directly to the garbage
room. Items such as used electronics, ba eries, paint and
hazardous chemicals need to be disposed off at a Hazardous
Waste facility.

The best way to fight fires is to prevent them from star ng in
the first place—and we can do that by being mindful of our
surroundings and removing unnecessary risks.

CONTINUE

Lesson 5 of 10

Evacua on Roles and Responsibili es

Evacua ons Require Teamwork

Teamwork is a major part of any successful evacua on in addi on to a
well-constructed plan. Why? When all members of the team provide
input in the development of an evacua on plan, communicate cri cal
informa on amongst the team during emergency and rely on each other,
the overall mission of evacua on plan can be effec vely achieved.
Remember: The overall objec ve is to ex nguish the fire as safely as
possible and to evacuate everyone out of the building safely.

FIRE LIFE SAFETY MANAGEMENT TEAMS

Role 1

Lead Team (ERT 1)
This team is required to respond to fire emergency alarm upon
ac va on. The main objec ve of this team is to arrive at the fire scene
as fast as possible, assess the situa on and act accordingly.
Composi on of the team shall be:
Team Leader: Duty Manager
Second in-charge: Duty Engineer
Members: Operator, Security Officer, Engineering Staff, Housekeeping
Staff, Other Staff as required

Role 2

Support Team (ERT 2)
ERT 2 is dispatched to support ERT 1 to fight incipient fires. They need
to equip themselves with necessary firefigh ng equipment (i.e. Fire suit
and Breathing apparatus) when responding to fire emergency alarm.
Members: Security Officer, Engineering Staff, Other Staff as required

Role 3

Crisis Management Team ( CMT )

The Crisis Management Team (fire and other major emergencies) shall
consist of Senior Management that will respond posi vely and
effec vely during emergency situa ons. The Crisis Management Team
shall include the following staff where prac cal:

Team Leader: General Manager / Resident Manager ( if GM is not
available )

Second in-charge : Resident Manager (RM) / (DOE or other Excom
members if RM is not available )

Members : Fire Life Safety Manager, All Excom Members , Safety &
Security Manager, Director of Communica ons / Communica ons
Manager, Other Key Senior Managers as and when deemed appropriate

Summary
That's the skeleton crew of the Crisis Management Team and
Emergency Response Team that would respond to fire emergency round
the clock (24 hours).
Where applicable, Fire Life Safety Manager, Assistant Chief Engineer,
other Security, Engineering and Housekeeping staff can be dispatched
to fire scene to support ERT.

Let's check your understanding on emergency teams.

Match each of the cards below to the correct defini on.

SUBMIT

Regardless of whether or not you join the evacua on team, you will s ll
play a vital role as an evacuee. You'll learn more about that role in the
following lesson.

CONTINUE

Lesson 6 of 10

Conduc ng Effec ve Fire Drills

Why We Prac ce Fire Drills?

Fire drills are an important part of your fire safety procedures for many
reasons. Not only do they ensure that all staff, guests and visitors to
your premises understand what they need to do if there is a fire, but
they also help you to test how effec ve your fire evacua on plan is and
to improve certain aspects of your fire provisions.

Understanding Fire Emergency Codes

CODE 1 CODE 2 CODE 3

Highlights During Code 1

Code 1 means Fire Alarm has been raised.

Emergency Response Team (ERT) proceeds to the scene for
inves ga on (to check whether it is a false alarm or confirmed fire
for appropriate ac ons).

ERT typically comprises of Duty Manager, Duty Engineer, and
Security team.

If it is a confirmed fire, Code 2 will be raised.

CODE 1 CODE 2 CODE 3

Highlights During Code 2

Real fire is discovered.

Alarm bell and Public Announcement on s pulated loca ons/ floors

Crisis Management Team is on standby at Fire Command Centre (
FCC ) for necessary ac ons.

Fire Warden facilitates the par al evacua on of guests, tenants and
staff, if necessary.

ERT leader makes a decision if a full evacua on is necessary when
the fire cannot be controlled.

CODE 1 CODE 2 CODE 3

Highlights During Code 3
Fire is out of control
ERT leader decides on implemen ng full evacua on of the building
ERT leader advises CMT to call fire brigade for assistance

Complete the content above before moving on.

Different Types of Fire Drills

The purpose of the fire drill is to put the fire emergency organiza on
into ac on so that key personnel involved in this organiza on are
familiar with their roles for effec ve control in a real situa on. The
property shall conduct three types of fire drills outlined below :

Complete the content above before moving on.

Reasons To Ac vely Par cipate In Fire Drills

It's Hard to Think Logically During a Crisis
Repe on Minimises Confusion
Without Prac ce, We're More Likely to Panic

Reveals Flaws in Our Evacua on Plan
Fires can become increasingly dangerous if accompanied by panic and
confusion. And so, by prac cing fire drills, you will feel more prepared

and collected in the event of an actual fire.

Fire Drill Dos and Don'ts

Things To Remember for ERT Members

When you open the door from fire area, make sure you are
using proper method.

Before opening any door in the fire area check it first. A hot
door handle indicates that the fire has spread, DO NOT OPEN
THE DOOR.

Never stay fire or smoke territory without using any personal
protec ve equipment.

Make awareness on your own evacua on routes before you
fight the fire.

If you don’t have any personal protec ve equipment, stay at
rendezvous loca on and help to get smooth communica on
between all emergency teams and CMT.

Once the order to evacuate is given or you believe you are in
personal danger leave the area and CLOSE DOORS BEHIND
YOU.

Fire Drill Dos and Don'ts for All Colleagues

Complete the content above before moving on.

A fire drill is prac ce for the real thing. All colleagues should
follow all the same do's and don'ts during an actual fire.

Fire Assembly Areas

The loca on of assembly area or areas for all staff will be determined by
the geographical situa on of the respec ve property. The assembly

area(s) should be within reasonable proximity but sufficiently removed
to provide safety. The loca on should also take into account no
interference between fire figh ng efforts and people gathering at
assembly points.

Fire Assembly Area for Shangri-La Serviced Apartments ( SLRY ), Yangon is
between Tower 1 & 2, in front of Poolside.

Fire Assembly Area for Sule Square Mall & Office ( SQMO ) is on Sule
Pagoda Road, in front of Kyauktada Fire Service Department.

Fire Assembly Area for Sule Shangri-La Yangon ( SSYN ) is at Sule Pagoda
Road, in front of Entrance 2.

The more o en we prac ce fire drills, the more efficient the process will
become, and the more prepared we will be in the event of an actual fire.

CONTINUE

Lesson 7 of 10

How to Use a Fire Ex nguisher

Fire Ex nguishers: The First Line of Defense

Fire ex nguishers are extremely important as they are the most
commonly used for of fire protec on. In many cases they are a first line
of defense and o en contain or ex nguish a fire, preven ng costly
damage.

Water : Water fire ex nguishers are the most popular fire ex nguisher
type and they are suited to class A fire risks. They distribute water at a
high pressure to ex nguish flames. Water fire ex nguishers are used for
fires caused by tex les, coal, wood, cardboard, paper and fabrics.

 Water fire ex nguishers should not be used in the following scenarios: Fires involving electronic

equipment, Kitchen fires, Fires caused flammable liquids or gas.

Foam : Foam fire ex nguishers are the most common type of
ex nguisher used for Class B fires. Due to the fact that these fire
ex nguishers are water-based, they can also be u lized for Class A fires.
Foam fire ex nguishers can be used for fires involving organic materials.
These organic materials include cardboard, paper, fabrics, wood & coal.
In addi on to these organic materials, foam ex nguishers can also be
used on flammable liquids including petrol or paint.

 Foam fire ex nguishers should not be used in the following scenarios: Fire involving electronic

equipment, fires caused flammable metals, domes c chip or fat pan fires.

Dry Powder : Dry powder ex nguishers can be u lized in the event of a
class A, B or C fire scenario. However, this type of ex nguisher should
not be used in an enclosed space. This is because the powder can be
easily inhaled and is very difficult to clean up a er the fire has been
ex nguished. The dry powder fire ex nguisher has a wide range of use
scenarios including the following organic materials: Wood and Coal,
Fabrics, Cardboard & Paper. In addi on to the above, they can also be
used on flammable gases, such as Liquid Petroleum, electrical equipment
and flammable liquids, such as petrol.