KUMPULAN_02_SPORTS_IN_CO_CURRICULUM_GET_TO_KNOW_TO_RUGBY&FENCING

SPORTS IN
CO-CURRICULUM

&

STNETNOCRUGBY

History
Rugby Fields
Rugby Equipment
Types of rugby
Roles of Teammates
Rules of the game
Referee
Punishments
Injuries

FENCING

History
Fencing Areas
Fencing Equipment
Types of Fencing

FOIL
SABRE
EPEE
5 Most Common
Fencing Injuries

CREDIT

CCHHAAPPTTEERR OONNEE::

RUGBY

RUCK AND ROLL

History of Rugby

The story of William Web Wills, a football player who took the
ball with his hands and run with it until to the bottom line has
become a starting point to the existence of rugby in England
during the 19th century.

This sport is different from football because it uses hand score
points. It has no maximum points to declare as a winning team,
so the player could reach as many points as psssible and the one
who scores most points will be the winner at the end of the
game.

The player could get a point when they cross the opposing
goal line and put the ball on the ground while in contact with it.

Rugby Field

The field is rectangular in shape, either it is
being lawn or grass and the maximum
measurement of length is 144 meters and 70
meters wide.

It has a few lines which are
the center line that divided the
field into two, the 22-meter
lines where the player can
touch down the ball on the
ground and make score a
points.

In the center of the bottom
line of both teams are also two
posts crossed by another to
interconnect which must be at
least five to six meters wide and
bar that interlinks them must
be at least four to six meters off
the ground.

Rugby Equipments

Rugby ball Rugby boot

Body Armor Mouthguard

Scrum Cap Kicking Tee

Rugby Equipments

Thigh Pad Knee Pad

Socks Gloves

Arm Pads Shorts

Rugby Equipments

Size 3 (Mini) Under 7, U8, and U9
Size 4 (Junior) Under 10, U11, U12, U13,
and U14
Rugby ball Size 4.5 (Women) Under 15 and above to
senior rugby
Size 5 (Men) Under 15 and above to senior
rugby

Six studs for back cleats Boot/Cleats
Eight studs for forward cleats
More ankle support
Strong toe areas
Soft or firm on the ground cleats
Lighter

Rugby Equipments

Body Armor Water resistant to prevent water
observation
Slim fitting to prevent opponent from
grabbing
Allow for better movement

To protect the players' teeth Mouthguard
To prevent from biting the tongue
To reduce the risk of sport-related
dental injuries

Scrum Cap Protect the players' head
Lower the chance of a concussion
Prevents ear injuries
Prevents painful irritation

Rugby Equipments

Kicking Tee To determine angle before kicking the
ball
To determine the distance of the kick
To determine the altitude of the ball

To protect the thigh from being
collided or heavy tackled

To prevent injuries to the lower legs

Thigh Pads

To protect from impact injury from
hitting or falling

Knee Pads To observe any shock or physical
impact
To protect knee and guard the
scrapes or burn

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It is played in a pool with a 3.5 meter to 5 meter
depth. There are 12 players including six main
players and six substitues. Unlikely the other
types of rugby, this sport needs snorkel and non-
bouyant oval shape rugby ball instead of safety
body guards and kicking tee. The goals made by
heavy metal with 40cm diameter. The duration of
playing is fifteen halves minutes.

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This type of rugby is based on rugby union. It
is popular in Italy, Balkan and Eastern Europe.
The size of the field is not as same as the
standard rugby field. It depends on how many
players would it be. The bigger the league is the
bigger the size of the field. It has less players
than usual and also the duration of playing is
shorter. Unlikely the standard rugby, the scoring
is "one goal, one point" . It lasts five to seven
halves minutes of playing a single match.



This type of rugby is also known as Sevens. It
is one of the variant of rugby union and only
have seven players. The duration of playing is
seven minutes and a half. It is also always be
played during summer and it populars in Africa,
Asia, Europe and Americans in the South Pacific.
The tournaments usually use the same size field
as the standard ones. The goal lines are H-
shaped. The pace of the game is faster than
Fifteen Rugby.

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Also known as Rugby League, as its name it
consists of fifteen players together on the field.
There are two divisions of the players, eight
forwards and seven backs. The forwards are
responsible to gain and retain the possession of
the ball. They will tackle and ruck the opposing
players. The backs will create point-scoring
oppotunities. The tournament will last until 40
minutes for a single match and intermission circa
15 minutes. The ultimate duration of playing is
not more than 80 minutes.

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This type of rugby doesnot like any other
types of rugby as the players do not have to tackle
the opponent team instead of just touch the
opponent, their apparel or the ball. Usually, this
game will be played during training for rugby
league or rugby union. It is played softer than the
other rugby in order to halt the power of injuries.
It contains six players at a time and will be played
in 20 minutes.

Pillars Hooker Second-lines

- Players number 1 - Gets possession of the - Players number 4 and 5.
and 3 will give ball in the scrum and Get the ball from the
stability in the sends the ball when it start, restart and side

scrum and enough is the side throw. during the game. It has to
strength to lift the move forward in the
jumpers when it is a
scrum, ruck and mauls
sideline throw. the opponents.

Wings Eighth Scrum Medium

- Players number 6 and - Player number 8. Has to - Players number 9. To
7 have to win the ball secure possession at the link the forwards and
base of the scrum, carry three quarters of keep
when their team lost on the ball in the open game,
the ground. Will have it close to the
to speed and suffer provide connection forwards.
physical strength in between forwards and
the tackle. three quarters in the

attacking stages.

Centers Opening

- Players number 12 - Player number 10.
and 13. Able to play as Leads the team,
defends of attacks. Play
the most in the game. receives ball from
Player number 9, able
to kick, pass or break

the defense line.

Tips Full Back

- Players number 11 - Player number 15.
and 14. Break the force, Team defender,
fast players and able to
score point. Defend less strength enough to
tackle aggressively to
attack more. the opponents. Kicks
ball from a distance.

Punctuation

a) Try - 5 points
b) Conversion - 2 points
c) Penalty - 3 points
d) Drop Goal - 3 points

Plays

a) Pass
b) Knock-on
c) Chute
d) Off-side
e) Lateral Release
f) Contact
g) Tackle
h) Ruck
i) Maul
j) Scrum

1.No player is allowed to throw the ball
forward to a teammate.

2.All the passes have to be thrown sideways
or backwards to a teammate .

3.Kicking or running with the ball are the
other ways to move the ball towards the
opposition goal.

4.Players are allowed to tackle the opponent
in possession of the ball.

5.Players can only tackle by wrapping their
arms around the opponents to bring them
to the ground.

6.Players are not allowed to tackle
opponents above the shoulders or use legs.

There are three referees for the
game, one (head umpire) will be in

the field and the other two are
line and ball judges.

The head umpire is responsible for
all penalties for the unnecessary or

over infractions commit by any
team. The line and ball judges will
inform if ball or player exceeds the

sideline or the ball has reached
inside the H-line.

It acts as a warning and
prevents the player to play

for ten minutes. It also
known as temporary

suspension.

Yellow Card

Red Card This card will be utilized
after two yellow cards have

raised up or when the
player carries out serious
infraction as well as ignore
the rules of the game. The

player will be removed
from the game and might
be barred to play in the next

game.

Concussion

Occurs after a blow to the

head where the head is

subjected to rapid

accelerationforces that

shake the brain. head, face

or neck are common part

that would go against the

Figure Sources: impact but it can happenat
https://www.pjstar.com/article/20130821/NEWS/3082199
06 the other parts of body.

Signs:

poor coordination, loss of consciousness,
cramps, slow speech, changes in personality,
abnormal emotional outbursts, being easily

distracted, nausea/vomiting, glassy eyes,
confusion, and reduced performance.

Symptoms:

headaches, dizziness, nausea, unsteadiness,
poor balance, seeing «stars», hearing a ringing

noise (tinnitus), and double vision.

Shoulder Dislocation

The most common cause is
falling on an outstretched
arm, or that the arm
experiences an external
impact while it is facing
outwards and upwards.

Figure Sources:
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/shoulder-
dislocation.html

Signs and Symptoms

Severe pain
Swelling
Inability to move the joint,
Inability to move the joint
A visible bump in the front or back of the
shoulder
Temporary numbness or tingling in the
shoulder area and down the arm

Fractured Collarbone

A fractured collarbone
(clavicula) is most often
caused by falling on the
shoulder, an outstretched
arm or by an impact
directly to the collarbone

Figure Sources: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/broken-collarbone/symptoms-causes/syc-
20370311

Signs and Symptoms

Pain that increases with shoulder
movement
Swelling
Tenderness
Bruising
A bulge on or near your shoulder
A grinding or crackling sound when you
try to move your shoulder
A grinding or crackling sound when you
try to move your shoulder

Ankle Sprain

Figure Sources: https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/ankle-sprain

Ankle injuries occur most frequently when
stopping, turning, jumping, or landing.
Examples are landing awkwardly on the ground
or on the foot of another player. The foot is then
twisted inwards or outwards, which may lead to
one or more of the ligaments in the ankle
tearing either partially or entirely. Ligaments
hold bones together and have a stabilising
function.

Signs and Symptoms

The injury leads to swelling, tenderness, and
pain on the inside or outside of the ankle.
Tenderness is often localized to the injured
ligaments.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

(ACL)

Figure Sources: An ACL injury is a tear or
https://www.gleneagles.com.my/discover/articles/anterior sprain of the anterior
-cruciate-ligament-(acl)-tear cruciate ligament (ACL) —
one of the strong bands of
tissue that help connect
your thigh bone (femur) to
your shinbone (tibia).

Signs and Symptoms

A loud pop or a "popping" sensation in the
knee
Severe pain and inability to continue an
activity
Rapid swelling
Loss of range of motion
A feeling of instability or "giving way" with
weight bearing

Posterior Cruciate Ligament
(PCL)

Figure Sources: https://www.scoi.com/patient- The PCL prevents the shin
resources/education/posterior-cruciate-ligament-pcl- bone from sliding backward
injuries relative to the thigh bone. The
PCL is stronger than the (ACL)
, less frequently injured. The
most common cause of injury
is a direct impact on the
upper part of the leg.

Signs and Symptoms

Sharp or dull pain around the back of the knee.
Swelling.
Stiffness.
Difficulty bearing weight.
Knee instability
The back of the knee may be warm to the touch.
Tenderness around the knee joint.
Knee tingling or numbness.

Collateral Ligament

Figure Sources: Injuries to the medial
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324738 collateral ligament most
often happen when the knee
is hit directly on its outer side.
This stretches the ligaments
on the inside of the knee too
far or can tear them.

Signs and Symptoms

Pain, which can range from mild to severe
Stiffness
Tenderness along the inside of the knee
Swelling
Knee instability
A feeling that the injured knee may give way
under stress or may lock or catch

Hamstring Strain

Figure Sources: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/hamstring-muscle-injuries

The hamstring muscles are a group of three
muscles that run along the back of your thigh
from your hip to just below your knee. These
muscles make it possible to extend your leg
straight behind your body and to bend your
knee. When any one of these muscles stretches
beyond its limit during physical activity, injury
can result. Signs and Symptoms

Mild hamstring strains may not hurt too
much. But severe ones can be agonizing,
making it impossible to walk or even stand.

Sudden and severe pain during exercise.
Pain in the back of the thigh and lower
buttock when walking,
Tenderness and bruising

CHAPTER TWO:

The earliest depiction of swordplay is a relief in
the temple of Medīnat Habu, near Luxor in
Egypt, built by Ramses III about 1190 BCE. This
relief must depict a practice bout or match, as
the sword points are covered and the
swordsmen are parrying with shields strapped to
their left arms and are wearing masks (tied to
their wigs), large bibs, and padding over their
ears. Swordsmanship, as a pastime and in single
combat and war, was also practiced widely by
the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, and
Romans as well as by the Germanic tribes.

The Romans brought sword combat to a highly
systematic art that was taught to both their
legions and their gladiators. Gladiators were
trained in schools (Ludi) by professional
instructors (doctors). Beginners practiced with a
wooden sword called a rudis. More advanced
training took place with weapons that were
somewhat heavier than those used in actual
combat.

From the time of the fall of Rome
through the Middle Ages, the practice
of sword fighting continued
unabated, although sword training
became less uniform and began to
reflect the ideas of the individual
masters-at-arms. At this time, schools
of sword fighting also developed a
somewhat unsavoury quality,
attracting members from the criminal
element of society who wanted to
learn the skilled use of weapons.
Many communities found that the
only way to deal with this problem
was to outlaw fencing schools within
their boundaries. For example, in
London in 1286 King Edward I passed
an edict that decried “the most
unheard-of villainies” perpetrated by
swordsmen and threatened swift
justice for teaching sword-related
skills. Despite such laws, fencing
schools flourished.

https://www.dimensions.com
/collection/fencing



Must have good, rubbery sole to
avoid fencers slip on the piste

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Fencing Shoes Give good ankle support

Shoes must comfortable

It connects to the weapon, ©PINTEREST
goes inside the fencer's
uniform and connects to the Fencing Body Cord
other end of the fencing reel

For electric scoring system,
signals to referee when a
fencer is touched

©PINTEREST The blade is used to defend
from opponents attacks and
Fencing Blades to attacks as well

There are 3 types of blade:
-FOIL
-EPEE
-SABRE

©PINTEREST Made of a very resistant plastic

Fencing Chest A mandatory piece of equipment
Protector for female fencers of all ages

Male fencers also can wear

Wear light and athletic clothes
underneath all equipment;
shorts, spandex, sports bras etc

No specific rules - comfortable

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Fencing Clothing

A complete epee is composed of

©PINTEREST - Grip - Epee socket

- Epee guard pad - Epee guard

-Wired Epee Blade

- Epee point (epee screws, epee

tip, epee spring)

Fencing Epee

©PINTEREST Connects on the epee on one end
and on the fencing reel on the
other.

Fencing Epee Body Only used when fencing epee as
Cord foil and saber have different cors

To make sure the body kit ©PINTEREST
working properly during
the game Fencing Epee Test Kit

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Protects the fencer's face and
head and it is Mandatory.

Include a metal net and a bib
made from resistant fabric

Fencing Mask Types of masks: Saber Mask,
Epee Mask, Foil Mask

©PINTEREST To keep all equipment safe.
©PINTEREST
Fencing Have 2 different compartments
Bag
Have wheels because the
equipment are heavy

Protects the upper body from
touches

Made of white resistant fabric
and has the goal of protecting
the fencer from strong hits

Fencing Jacket

©PINTEREST

Pants are always white - must
comfortable

Fencing Pants The pants have suspensory
straps to keep the pants from
falling

Only wear on dominant hand - ©PINTEREST
the one that holds weapons

©PINTEREST Important to protect the hands

Fencing Glove

Protects the upper body from
touches
Foil Electric jackets that cover
athlete's valid target

Fencing Foil Lame

©PINTEREST To store all tiny equipments to
repair the wires for the
compeitition

Fencing Repair
Kit

Wearing socks is mandatory

Fencing Important in epee because

Long shins are a valid target area.

Socks

Colour must be white

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Underarm protector

Protects Fencer's dominant
hand's side, mainly the shoulder,
chest, and underarms

Made of Kevlar - protective ©PINTEREST
materials
Fencing Plastron

2 types of grips
- Pistol Grips has an anatomical
format designed to fit the
hand's natural holding position

©PINTEREST -French grip - simple, longer
rubber stick with a slight
Fencing Grips downward curve

3 types of fencing are:
Foil
Sabre
Epee

The differences only depend
on the sword they use, make
the fencing type different

FOIL

The foil is a lightweight weapon with
a rectangular blade, no longer than
90 centimetres long. The maximum
length of the entire weapon,
including the hilt, cannot be longer
than 110 centimetres. Additionally,
the total maximum weight for the
foil is set at 500 grams, but most
fencers use lighter foils weighing
around 350 grams.

Valid target in foil fencing
© Francois Cartegnie /

Wikimedia Commons / CC-
BY-SA-3.0 / GFDL

epee

The epee is similar to the foil,
except that it has a triangular blade
instead, and is slightly heavier with
a maximum weight of 770 grams,
although most fencers tend to use
lighter epee blades. The hand guard
is also larger than that in foil
weapons.

Valid target in epee fencing
© Francois Cartegnie /

Wikimedia Commons / CC-
BY-SA-3.0 / GFDL

saber

The saber features a flat blade, and
has a maximum weight of 500 grams.
Unlike foil and epee fencing, the
fencer is able to score points if he
makes hits with any part of his blade.
The target area for saber fencing
includes the torso above the waist,
the head and arms, but exclude the
hands and anything below the
opponent’s waist. Similar to foil
fencing, the right-of-way rule applies.

Valid target in saber fencing
© Francois Cartegnie /

Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-
SA-3.0 / GFDL