The Arcade Videogame Collectors Field and Price Guide

396 Virtua Fighter 4 (Virtua Fighter Evolution) Sega, March 2002 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 625 700 850 Note: A slightly reworked version was released as Virtua Fighter Evolution in 2003 with minor tweaks. Virtua Fighter 5 Sega, July 2006 Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 600 650 725 Virtua Fighter Kids Sega, 1996 Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 525 700 Price is for PCB only Virtua Golf Sega/WOW Entertainment, 2001 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Golf LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua NBA Sega, 2000 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Basketball LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 650 775 900 Virtua Racing (Two dual cockpits with audience topper attached), Sega 1992 Virtua Racing (V.R.) Sega, August 1992 Dedicated Upright, Cockpit, Dual Cockpit, Deluxe Motorized Cockpit Genre: 3rd Person or 1st Person Racing Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 525 650 Cockpit LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 800 1200 1500 Deluxe Motorized Cockpit LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 2500 3250 4000+ Virtua Striker Sega, 1994 Deluxe Upright, Standard Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua Striker 2 Sega, 1997 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Note: Upgraded games might be titled Virtua Striker 2 ’98 or ’99.

397 Virtua Striker 2000 Sega, 1999 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua Striker 2002 Sega, 2002 Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua Striker 3 Sega, 2002 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua Striker 4 Sega, 2005 Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Virtua Tennis Sega, December 1999 Dedicated Upright, Deluxe Upright Genre: Sports, Tennis LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 525 650 725 Virtua Tennis 2 Sega, October 2001 Dedicated Upright, Deluxe Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Tennis LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 525 650 725 Virtua Tennis 3 Sega, 2006 Dedicated Upright, Deluxe Upright Genre: Sports, Tennis LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 525 650 725 Virtua Tennis 4 Sega, 2011 Dedicated Upright, Deluxe Upright Genre: Sports, Tennis LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 525 650 725 Virtual Combat VR8 Inc./1993 Unique Dedicated Upright Genre: Tank Simulator, Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 400 450 Virtual On cockpit, Sega 1995 Virtual On: Cyber Troopers Sega, May 1996 Dedicated 2-Player Cockpit Genre: Shooter, Mech Warrior Fighting LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 500 600

398 Volfied Taito, December 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Puzzle, Hunt and Score LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 375 450 525 Volly Ramtek, 1973 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 550 700 Vs. System “Red Tent” cocktail, Nintendo 1985-1991 Vs. Unisystem (Nintendo Vs. System) Nintendo, January 1984-1990 Dedicated Upright, Dedicated Dual Cabinet, TwoSided Cocktail, Conversion Kit Genre: Multiple Dedicated Single Cabinet LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 925 1500+ Dedicated Dual Cabinet LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1000 1375 2200+ Conversion Kit (Nintendo Cabinet) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 800 1300+ Conversion Kit (Midway Cabinet) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 675 800 Two-Sided Cocktail (Nicknamed the “Red Tent”) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1650 2000 2700+ Note: Cabinet value can depend greatly on the title(s) installed. See Appendix H in the back of this book for more details and a complete list of game titles. Vs. Super Mario. Bros. upright (Donkey Kong cabinet conversion), Nintendo 1985 Vulcan Venture (Gradius II) Konami, March 1988 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 425 500 675 Price is for PCB only Vulgus Capcom, July 1984 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 375 450 525

399 Wacko sales flyer, Bally-Midway 1983 Wacko Bally-Midway, 1983 Unique Dedicated Upright Genre: Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 3000 3750 4500 Prices can vary widely for this title Note: Cabinet has a purposefully angled marquee and control panel making it shorter on one side. Wall Crash Midcoin, 1985 Conversion Kit Genre: Brick Buster LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Wangan Midnight Namco, 2001 Dedicated Cockpit Genre: Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 825 950 1200 War Final Assault Atari Games, February 1999 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: 1st Person Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 700 925 1150 War Gods Midway Games, 1996 Dedicated Upright Genre: One-on-One Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 525 600 War of the Bugs Food and Fun Corp./Omni/Artic, 1981 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 600 750 825 Note: Copy of Atari’s Centipede designed to use a joystick controller instead of a Trackball. War of the Worlds Cinematronics, 1982 Dedicated Upright (Prototypes) Genre: Space Shooter Upright (Estimated 10-25 Manufactured) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 3000 3500 4000+ Prices can vary widely for this title Note: Designed for a color vector monitor but released with a black and white one. Color versions exist as prototypes and collector modified machines.

400 Wardner Taito, December 1987 Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, Scrolling Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Warlords sales flyer, Atari 1981 Warlords Atari, April 1981 Dedicated Upright Genre: Brick Buster, Castle Defense 2-Player Upright (1,014 Manufactured) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1200 1450 1700 4-Player Cocktail (1,253 Manufactured) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 3500 4250 5000 Prices can vary widely for the cocktail version Note: Upright version is the last Atari arcade game to use a black and white monitor, using a mirror to merge visuals from the monitor with printed artwork. The 4-player cocktail version uses a color monitor and is favored by collectors. Warp 1 Taito/Sun Electronics, 1980 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Space Shooter Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1500 1750 2000 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1000 1200 1500 Warp Speed Meadows Games, 1980 Dedicated Cockpit Genre: Space Shooter No Known Sales or Examples Note: Existing cabinets are likely prototypes or were test location machines. It is unknown if any machines still exist or have traded hands between collectors. Warp Warp Rock-Ola/Namco, August 1981 Dedicated Upright Genre: Platformer, Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 575 750 900 Warrior Vectorbeam, October 1979 Dedicated Upright Genre: One-on-One Fighting One of the Top 50 Historically Important Games LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 5000 6500 8000+ Prices can vary widely on this title Note: Overhead perspective game where two players fight each other as medieval armored knights. Uses a mirrored backlit overlay to represent the playfield background while a black and white vector monitor provides the interactive visuals. Game was advanced for the time providing smooth animation and innovative gameplay. Surviving games are rare thanks to hardware reliability and low production.

401 Warrior (from sales flyer), Vectorbeam 1979 Warriors of Fate Capcom, October 1992 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 525 650 Warzaid (World Combat) Konami, April 2003 Dedicated Upright, Deluxe Upright (4-Players) Genre: 1st Person Shooter, Light Gun 2-Player LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 800 925 1000 4-Player LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 850 975 1100 Water Match Bally-Midway/Sega, 1984 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Swimming LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 850 1100 1250 Wave Runner Sega, 1996 Unique Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Jet Ski Racing LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 600 725 Wave Runner GP Sega, 2003 Dedicated Sit-Down, Deluxe Sit-Down Genre: Sports, Jet Ski Racing LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1000 1175 1350 Wave Shark sales flyer, Konami 1996 Wave Shark Konami, 1996 Unique Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Jet Ski Racing LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 500 650 775

402 Wayne Gretzky’s 3D Hockey Atari Games/Midway Games, October 1996 Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Hockey LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1500 1700 2200 WEC Le Mans 24 Konami, September 1986 Dedicated Cockpit, Upright Genre: Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 500 Note: A sophisticated deluxe cockpit version was made for the Japanese market which included 360 degrees of realistic motion simulation for the player. Welltris Video Systems Co. Ltd., 1991 Conversion Kit Genre: Puzzle LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 575 650 Western Gun (Gun Fight) Taito, 1975 Dedicated Upright Genre: Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 875 1000 1175 WGP Taito, 1989 Dedicated Upright, Sit-Down Genre: Racing, Motorcycle LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475 Wheel of Fortune Game Tek, 1989 Dedicated Upright Genre: Game Show, TV Tie-In LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 375 450 500 Note: Has a controller that mimics the spinning wheel on the TV game show it’s based upon. Wheel of Fortune sales flyer, Game Tek 1989 Wheels Midway/Taito, March 1975 Dedicated Upright Genre: Overhead Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 625 700 825 Note: Released as Speed Race originally by Taito. Wheels II Midway/Taito, August 1975 Dedicated Upright Genre: Overhead Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 625 700 825 Note: Same game as Wheels but allows for twoplayers at once.

403 Whizz Philko Co. Ltd., 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 450 500 Who Dunit Exidy, 1988 Conversion Kit Genre: Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 3750 4000 4375 Note: Offered as a conversion kit for Exidy light gun games. Production was very low. Who Shot Jonny Rock American Laser Games, 1991 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: 1st Person Shooter, Light Gun, Laserdisc LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1100 1400 1550 Wild Fang (Tecmo Knight) Tecmo, 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 575 650 Wild Pilot Jaleco, 1992 Dedicated Dual Cockpit Genre: First Person Perspective Aerial Combat LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1100 1275 1500 Wild Riders Sega, 2001 Dedicated Sit-Down, Upright Genre: Racer, Motorcycle Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 475 600 Sit-Down LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 550 700 Wild West C.O.W.Boys of Moo Mesa Konami, 1992 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1450 1800 2200 Wild Western dedicated upright, Taito 1982 Wild Western Taito, 1982 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Shooter Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1000 1350 1700 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 750 875 950

404 Willow Capcom, September 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Movie Tie-In LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1375 1650 2000 Note: Based on the fantasy film directed by Ron Howard and produced by George Lucas. Wimbledon, Nutting Associates 1973 Wimbledon Nutting Associates, 1973 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong One of the Top 50 Historically Important Games LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1000 1275 1500 Note: The first videogame to use a color monitor. Exists in both 2 and 4-player versions. Winding Heat Konami, 1995 Dedicated Cockpit Genre: Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 400 450 Wing Shooting Championship Sammy USA, 2002 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 450 550 Wing War Sega, September 1994 Dedicated Dual Cockpit Genre: Aerial Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 300 500 625 Winner Midway, 1973 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 750 1000 1500 Note: First videogame manufactured by Midway. Winner II Midway, 1973 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 750 1000 1500 Winner IV Midway, 1973 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 750 1000 1500

405 Winning Run Namco, September 1989 Dedicated Motorized Cockpit Genre: Racer No known sales or examples Note: Series of technically sophisticated racing games from Namco that saw little official presence in the USA. Estimated value 1500-2500. Winter Heat Sega, 1997 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Winter Olympic Events LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 550 625 Wipe Out Ramtek, 1974 Dedicated Upright Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 800 975 1150 Wiping Nichibutsu, 1982 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, Maze LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 500 675 850 Price is for PCB only Note: This may have only been made available in the USA as a conversion kit, or dedicated units were produced in very low numbers. If a dedicated unit was found, I estimate the value around 2500-3000. Witch Hunt Kee Games/Atari, April 1977 Unique Two-Part Upright Cabinet Genre: Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1300 1750 2200 Wivern Wings G7 Semicom, 2001 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 500 575 650 Wiz, The Seibu Kaihatsu, 1985 Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 550 675 Wizard Fire Data East, 1992 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, RPG LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 725 975 1300 Wizard of Wor mini, Midway 1981

406 Wizard of Wor Midway, 1980 Dedicated Upright, Mini, Cocktail Genre: Shooter, Maze One of the Top 50 Historically Important Games Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 700 850 1250 Mini LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 900 1400 1750 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 650 825 1000 Wolf Fang (Rohga: Armor Force) Data East, 1991 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 575 700 850 Wonder Boy (Moon Patrol conversion), Sega 1986 Wonder Boy (Wonder Boy Deluxe) Sega/Escape, July 1986 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, RPG, Hack and Slash Dedicated Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 2000 2200 2475 Conversions LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 525 650 Note: Normally found as a conversion with dedicated uprights being very rare. It’s possible dedicated cocktail cabinets also exist and would be valued from 500-750. Wonder Boy (in) Monster Land Sega, 1987 Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, RPG, Hack and Slash LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 575 700 950 Wonder Boy III: Monster Lair Sega, November 1988 Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, RPG, Hack and Slash LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 600 775 1000 Wonder Planet Data East, 1987 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 625 775 World Beach Volley Playmark, 1995 Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Volleyball LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 475

407 World Class Bowling Tournament Edition Incredible Technologies, 1997 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Bowling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 300 375 450 Note: Other editions are titled World Class Bowling, or World Class Bowling Deluxe. World Cup ‘90 Tecmo, 1989 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 375 425 World Cup ‘94 Tecmo, 1993 Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 375 425 World Cup Football Atari, April 1974 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Pong LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1500 1875 2200 Note: A slight reworking of Quadrapong intended for European markets. It appears few were made. World Kicks Namco, 1999 Unique Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1200 1500 2000 Note: Large upright cabinet for 4-players. Soccer ball like sensor controllers are attached to the base for each player to determine speed and control of kicks. World Kicks, Namco 1999 World Rally Atari Games/Zigurat Software, August 1993 Conversion Kit Genre: Isometric Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 250 325 400 World Rally 2: Twin Racing Gaelco, 1995 Conversion Kit Genre: Isometric Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 250 325 400 World Series the Season Cinematronics, 1985 Dedicated Upright, Countertop, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Baseball Upright (Dedicated or Conversion) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 425 500 625 Countertop LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1250 1500 1750

408 Note: Has a unique spring-loaded controller set, one for pitching and another for batting that can prove difficult to replace or properly repair if damaged. World Series the Season dedicated upright, Cinematronics 1985 World Series ‘99 Sega, 1999 Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Baseball LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 600 775 900 World Series Baseball Sega, 2001 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Baseball LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 500 World Soccer Finals Leland, 1990 Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Soccer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 375 500 600 World Wars SNK, 1987 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 500 650 Wrestle War Sega, 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 575 650 WWF Royal Rumble 4-Player upright, Sega/THQ 2000 WWF Royal Rumble Sega/THQ, August 2000 Dedicated Upright, Dual Monitor 4-Player Upright Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 525 600 725

409 WWF Superstars Technos, May 1989 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 475 550 675 WWF WrestleMania Midway, 1995 Dedicated Upright Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 675 750 875 WWF WrestleFest Technos, June 1991 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 525 650 X Multiply Irem, 1989 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1200 1450 1800 X-Men Konami, March 1992 Dedicated 4-Player Upright, 6-Player Upright with Two Monitors, Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Comic Book Tie-In 4-Player Version LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1100 1400 1975 6-Player Version w/ Two Monitors LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 2500 3000 3500+ Note: The huge 6-player version contains two CRT monitors side by side to create the illusion of a wider field of play. One of the monitors is mounted in the bottom of the cabinet using a mirror to reflect the image with the other pointed directly at the player. This configuration allows the two images to appear side by side for players with no gaps in the playfield. X-Men 6-player dual screen upright, Konami 1992 X-Men: Children of the Atom Capcom, January 1995 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter, Comic Book Tie-In LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 650 775 900 X-Men Vs. Street Fighter Capcom, September 1996 Dedicated Upright, Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter, Comic Book Tie-In LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 550 675

410 Xain'd Sleena (Solar Warrior) Technos, 1986 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 525 Xenophobe upright, Bally-Midway 1987 Xenophobe Bally-Midway. 1987 Dedicated Upright Genre: Multiplayer Shooter, RPG, Humorous LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 800 1000 1250 Note: Exclusive to the title cabinet design with a wide control panel allowing for up to three players. Monitor sits on a thin platform from the base of the cabinet, and the trigger style joysticks each have three buttons. Players can make choices using items in the game to determine how each level of play ends. Xevious Atari/Namco, February 1983 Dedicated Upright Genre: Scrolling Shooter Upright (5,294 Manufactured) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 625 775 900 Note: Early and influential overhead scrolling shooter. Existence of a prototype cabaret/mini cabinet is rumored. Xevious 3DG Namco, May 1996 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 675 750 Xtom 3D Game Vision, 1999 Conversion Kit Genre: 1st Person Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 575 650 800 Xtreme Rally SNK, 1998 Dedicated Cabinet Genre: Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 575 XX Mission UPL/United Artists Amusements, 1987 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 400 450 Note: One of the handful of arcade game conversion kits distributed by the United Artists movie theatre chain in the USA.

411 Xybots Atari Games, November 1987 Dedicated Upright Genre: 3rd Person Shooter, Run and Gun Upright (1,752 Manufactured) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 625 700 875 Yamato Sega, 1983 Dedicated Upright Genre: Naval Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 550 675 800 Note: Probably never officially released in the USA but might have been made available through grey market PCB sales often advertised in the back of vending trade magazines. Yie Ar Kung-Fu (Moon Patrol conversion), Konami 1985 Yie Ar Kung-Fu Konami, March 1985 Conversion Kit Genre: One-on-One Fighter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 500 Zap Allied Leisure, 1974 Dedicated Upright Genre: Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1500 1750 2000 Note: This could be a slight reworking of the earlier Allied Leisure game Hesitation. Only a handful of these games still exist, probably in the single digits. Zarzon Taito/SNK, March 1981 Dedicated Upright, Mini, Cocktail Genre: Space Shooter Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 600 725 850 Mini LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 800 1100 1450 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 425 550 675

412 Zaxxon dedicated sit-down, Sega 1982 Zaxxon Sega, April 1982 Dedicated Upright, Mini, Cocktail Genre: Isometric Space Shooter Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 400 550 775 Mini LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 700 875 1100 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 425 600 Note: A sit-down version was recently discovered in the Pacific Northwest USA, it sold for 500 dollars. Zektor Sega, November 1982 Dedicated Upright Genre: Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 4000 4500 5200 Note: Color vector game which uses the notoriously unreliable Electrohome G08 vector monitor. Zero Gunner Psikyo, December 1997 Conversion Kit Genre: Helicopter Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 300 425 500 Zero Gunner 2 Psikyo, May 2001 Conversion Kit Genre: Helicopter Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 300 425 500 Zero Hour Universal, 1981 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Space Shooter Upright LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 650 800 950 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 425 500 575 Zero Point Unico, 1998 Conversion Kit Genre: Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 500 Zero Point 2 Unico, 1999 Conversion Kit Genre: Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 450 500

413 Zero Time upright, Petaco 1979 Zero Time Petaco, 1979 Dedicated Upright Genre: Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 775 975 1200 Note: Bootleg of Namco’s Galaxian but with Spanish text in a unique cabinet. Zero Wing Williams/Toaplan, April 1990 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 675 725 850 Note: Licensed by Toaplan. The Sega Genesis home version was the inspiration for the early viral internet meme/video song “All Your Base”. Zig Zag LAX/Omni/Thomas Automatics/Others, 1982 Conversion Kit, Bootleg PCB Genre: Maze, Platformer, Hunt and Score LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 425 500 650 Note: Several versions of bootleg Dig Dug PCBs are titled as Zig Zag. Some versions are based on Dig Dug hardware and others based on Galaxian hardware. Gameplay is slightly different for the two versions. Zippy Race (Moto Race USA) Irem, August 1983 Conversion Kit Genre: Racer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 300 350 450 Zoar Tago/Data East, 1982 Conversion Kit Genre: Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 325 400 500 Zodiack Orca, 1983 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Space Shooter LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 450 525 650 Zombie Raid American Sammy, September 1995 Dedicated Upright Genre: 1st Person Shooter, Light Gun LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 575 650 800

414 Zombie Revenge Sega, 1999 Conversion Kit Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 375 450 575 Zoo Keeper dedicated upright, Taito 1983 Zoo Keeper Taito, 1983 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail, Conversion Kit Genre: Platformer, Puzzle Upright (Dedicated) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 2000 2600 3300+ Prices can vary widely for this version Upright (Conversion) LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1500 1875 2300 Cocktail LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 1300 1500 1700 Note: Very popular game for reproduction cabinets and reproduction PCBs. Prices are for original games running on original hardware from Taito. Conversion kit uprights are often in Taito style cabinets, usually Qix or Jungle King/Hunt. Zun Zun Block Taito, 1979 Dedicated Upright, Cocktail Genre: Brick Buster LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 650 800 1150 Zwackery dedicated upright, Bally-Midway 1986 Zwackery Bally-Midway, 1986 Dedicated Upright Genre: Platformer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 3750 4250 4800+ ZZYZZYXX Cinematronics/Advanced Microcomputer, 1982 Dedicated Upright Genre: Platformer LOWER AVERAGE HIGHER 350 475 550 Note: Released by Cinematronics under the title Brix.

415 Appendixes

416 Appendix A Top 5o Historically Important Games • Asteroids, Atari 1979 • New concepts in space combat game themes • Atari’s most successful arcade game • Innovations in vector graphics • Basketball, Taito 1974 • 1st game to represent a human image as the player’s avatar • Battlezone, Atari 1980 • Early pseudo-3-D graphics • Early sandbox style gameplay • Possibly the first arcade videogame with a true 1st person perspective with 3-D like graphics • Innovations in vector graphics • Innovations in realistic simulation • Breakout, Atari 1976 • Pivotal game in the brick buster genre • Gameplay often copied and expanded upon even today • Co-developed with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer • Caveman, Gottlieb 1982 • 1st combination of a traditional mechanical style pinball and arcade videogame • Centipede, Atari 1981 • Innovations in color palette switching • Innovations in the genre of shooters • 1st major arcade game co-designed and codeveloped by a woman programmer (Dona Bailey) • First arcade game with considerable interest from women

417 • Computer Space, Nutting Associates 1971 • 1st (disputed) commercial arcade game • 1st space themed arcade game • Innovative fiberglass cabinet • Dance Dance Revolution, Konami 1999 • Innovations in rhythm and dance style gameplay • New interactive gameplay concepts • Pop culture impacts worldwide • Daytona USA, Sega 1994 • Innovations in polygon graphics • Innovations in realistic driving simulation • New standards in videogame realism • Sega’s most successful arcade game • Death Race, Exidy 1976 • 1st game to create a public controversy due to representation of violence against a humanlike avatars on screen • 1st game to show human avatar death • Defender, Williams 1980 • 1st side scrolling space shooter • Innovations in gameplay complexity and difficulty • Innovations in control panel ergonomics • Donkey Kong, Nintendo 1981 • Innovations within the genre of platformer gaming • 1st appearance of Nintendo’s Mario, Donkey Kong, and Pauline characters • Worldwide pop culture impacts • The true start of what would become Nintendo’s major dominance in videogames • Dragon’s Lair, Cinematronics 1982 • 1st and most successful arcade game to use Laserdisc technology • 1st professionally animated game using traditional painted cel animation techniques • 1st arcade game to cost 50 cents in the USA as standard • Elevator Action, Taito 1983 • Innovations in gameplay concepts around the run and gun genre gameplay • Galaga, Namco/Bally-Midway 1981 • Innovations in space combat themed gameplay • Widespread popularity worldwide • Longevity with the mass public • Galaxian, Namco/Bally-Midway 1979 • 1st arcade game to use true RGB color output • 1st game to use tile-based sprite technology • Gauntlet, Atari Games 1985 • Innovations in RPG gaming genre for an arcade-based game • Evolutions in the genre of dungeon crawlers • Innovations in co-operative 4-player arcade games • Gran Trak 10, Atari 1974 • The 1st arcade racing game • 1st arcade game with a steering wheel, gear shift, gas, and brake pedals • 1st arcade game to use an IC based ROM • 1st arcade game with security IC chips • Gun Fight, Taito 1974 • 1st game with a microprocessor • 1st game to present human vs. human combat • Handicap/Pong, J.R.E. Electronics 1974 • 1st conversion or specifically marketed modification kit for a specific arcade title from a 3rd party company • Hard Drivin’, Atari Games 1989 • Innovations in realistic driving simulator gaming • Improvements and innovations in polygon graphics • Innovations in force feedback controls • Hi-Way, Atari 1975 • 1st cockpit style arcade game cabinet • I, Robot, Atari 1984 • 1st arcade game with polygon graphics • Innovations in 3-D sandbox style gameplay • Innovations in player interaction options for non-linear gameplay • Missile Command, Atari 1980 • Topical popular culture political issues translated into an arcade videogame

418 • Moon Patrol, Irem/Williams 1982 • Innovations in video scrolling (Possibly 1st game with parallax scrolling) • 1st game with buy-in continue feature • Mortal Kombat, Midway 1990 • Advancements in digital animations and audio • Realistic visualizations of extreme violence • Cultural outrage or controversy • Influences on pop culture and enduring popularity • Ms. Pac-Man, Namco/GCC/BallyMidway 1981 • Arguably the most popular arcade game of all time • Highest dedicated cabinet production of any USA manufactured arcade game • Neo Geo MVS, SNK 1990 • Innovations in modular multi-game systems • 1st arcade system to also include a home version capable of the exact same game quality and hardware capability • Longevity of system viability for operators and patrons • Pac-Man, Namco/Midway 1980 • Worldwide pop culture phenomenon • Innovations in maze themed and platforming style gaming • The 1st videogame title “Superstar” character • 1st game to use power-ups • 1st game with adaptive AI for player enemies • Long-term popularity within the mass public and popular culture • Pole Position, Namco/Atari 1982 • Innovations in realistic racing simulation • 1st in game commercial advertising • Pong, Atari 1972 • 1st commercially successful arcade game • 1st sports themed arcade game • 1st culturally impactful arcade game • 1st product released by Atari • Arguably the most important arcade game ever made • R-360, Sega 1991 • Innovations in immersive gaming experiences • 1st game to allow a player to physically move in almost any direction with the gameplay • Rally-X, Namco/Midway 1980 • 1st Game with continuous background music • 1st Game with bonus rounds • Innovations in maze game dynamics and concepts • Robotron:2084, Williams 1982 • Innovations in intense gaming experience • Innovations in twin stick style shooters • Space Harrier, Sega 1985 • Innovations in pseudo-3-D scaling raster graphics • Innovations in cabinet design and presentation • Innovations in videogame music • Space Invaders, Taito/Midway 1978 • Advancements in arcade game play for the masses • The official start of the arcade Golden Age • Cemented the influence of videogames as an art • Showcased Japan as a leader in videogame innovation • Influences on pop culture worldwide • 1st game with continuous music and noises during gameplay • Adjusted for inflation is both highest-grossing videogame of all time and the highestgrossing entertainment product at the time worldwide. • Space Race, Atari 1973 • 1st Game with ROM style image (made from diodes) • Atari’s 2nd arcade game after Pong, and their first flop • Space War/Space Wars, Vectorbeam/Cinematronics 1976 • 1st arcade game to use vector monitor • Star Fire, Exidy 1980 • 1st game to allow high scoring player to enter initials • 1st game to have a fully enclosed cockpit cabinet

419 • Star Wars, Atari 1983 • Innovations in on-the-rail style shooters • Innovations in movie tie-in videogames • 1st video arcade game to feature digital audio clips from actors from a film • Street Fighter II: The World Warrior, Capcom 1991 • 1st fighting game to use special codes to initiate special maneuvers with each character • Helped recharge the detreating arcade market during the 1990’s • Started the trend of popular one-on-one fighting style combat games • Tank, Kee Games/Atari 1974 • Helped popularize concepts around player vs. player combat gameplay • Title was the launching point for Atari’s home gaming system the Atari VCS/2600 • Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Konami 1989 • Innovations in scrolling 4-player fighters • Innovations in adapting comic book style art into arcade game presentations • Konami’s most successful arcade game • Tempest, Atari 1981 • 1st color vector game • Innovations in surrealistic gameplay concepts • Innovations in the shooter genre Track and Field, Konami/Centuri 1983 • 1st arcade-based game to feature Olympic style sporting events • Innovations in physical player interaction with controllers • Influential within the evolution of sports themed arcade games • Tron, Bally-Midway 1982 • 1st game directly developed to support a film or other media property • Turbo, Sega 1981 • Innovative pseudo-3-D sprite scaling technology using raster style graphics • Innovations in racing games providing changing behaviors in AI controlled cars • Warrior, Cinematronics/Vectorbeam 1979 • Innovations in fighting games • Could be the 1st true one-on-one fighting style arcade title • Wimbledon, Nutting Associates 1973 • 1st arcade game with a color monitor • Wizard of Wor, Bally-Midway 1981 • Innovations in player vs. player gameplay

420 Appendix B Guide to major manufacturers Allied Leisure 1968-1979 Florida based Allied Leisure began as a vending company mostly making coin-operated ride-on novelty machines for children but would soon branch out into innovative electro-mechanical coin-op games. In 1973 they released the Pong copy Paddle Battle which outsold the original Atari game, thanks in part to their superior manufacturing capabilities. Allied struggled with consistent success throughout the 1970’s despite developing a line of popular cocktail style pinball machine models. To sound more futuristic Allied Leisure changed their name to Centuri in 1980. Most of the upper management also changed during this switch so the company could focus on arcade videogames. Notable Games – Paddle Battle, Wild Cycle, Robot Atari 1972-1984 Atari is the most recognizable US based videogame companies during the classic eras, thanks to a string of hits and a famous corporate logo. Atari was founded by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney in Sunnyvale California. Atari found success in arcade gaming, home computers, and home gaming. For a time, Atari dominated the videogame industry in North America. With the downturn in both the US videogame and home computing markets in late 1983, Atari became a victim of both its massive success and its own bravado. This dramatic fall from grace forced a splitting up of the company by its then-owner Warner Brothers into two companies. The coin-op division would continue as Atari Games. Notable Games – Pong, Breakout, Asteroids, Tempest, Missile Command, Battlezone, Centipede, Crystal Castles, Star Wars, I, Robot Atari Games 1985-2000 Atari was broken up by parent company Warner Brothers in 1984 into two companies; Atari Corporation, which sold home computers (1040ST, Falcon) and home videogames (7800, Jaguar), and Atari Games which continued to develop and sell arcade games with a decent amount of success. Atari Games also had a home software division known as Tengen. Eventually it was absorbed into Midway Games by the year 2000 ending the legacy of Atari’s massive influence in the arcade videogame marketplace. Notable Games – Gauntlet, Marble Madness, Paperboy, Escape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters, Primal Rage, Rush

421 Capcom 1979-Present Capcom was founded in 1979 by Kenzo Tsujimoto, the president of videogame manufacturer Irem. By the mid 1980’s, they had become a major force in arcade gaming producing many popular titles, often sold in the USA as conversion kits. Capcom is responsible for several well-loved franchises in gaming, but none more popular than the one-on-one fighting series Street Fighter. Today, they are one of the largest videogame companies in existence concentrating mostly on the home market. Notable Games – Commando, Ghost ‘n Goblins, 1942, Bionic Commando, Final Fight, Street Fighter series Centuri 1980-1984 In 1980 Allied Leisure was renamed as Centuri. This was an attempt to break away from a reputation as both a manufacturer of old-fashion electromechanical style games, and a well-deserved reputation for lackluster game reliability. Centuri did develop a few titles in house, but most of their titles were licensed from well-known Japanese developers such as Konami and SNK. After having their most profitable year ever in 1983 (with the release of the hits Gyruss and Track & Field), Centuri released two expensive major flops in a row in 1984. Predicting as a company they couldn’t weather the industry wide downturn, Centuri left the arcade game market and became a multi-faceted investment company. Notable Games – Eagle, Phoenix. Gyruss, Track & Field Cinematronics 1975-1987 It is possible that no videogame company had more ups and downs financially than Cinematronics, or a more interesting backstory. It was founded in 1975 by Dennis Partee and Gary Garrison, two former professional American football players for the San Diego Chargers. Early on, Cinematronics made arcade games based on vector monitor technology. Their most famous and successful title was the laserdisc-based game Dragon’s Lair, which created a short-lived movement industry wide for Laserdisc based titles. Cinematronics struggled during its history to maintain profitability and finally closed their doors for good in 1987. Notable Games – Space Wars, Star Castle, Dragon’s Lair Data East 1976-2003 Data East developed and manufactured arcade videogames, home videogames, and pinball machines during its tenure in the marketplace. Starting in the mid 1970’s, they became a major worldwide game developer by the early 1980’s. Early successful titles included Astro Fighter, Burger Time, and Bump ’N’ Jump. Data East would produce an innovative, but slightly unreliable modular arcade gaming system known as DECO which loaded game programs via a compact cassette. The late 1980’s and early 90’s proved to be Data East’s Golden Age with many popular arcade tiles and home videogame releases. By 1998 Data East stopped making videogames to focus on other businesses, but by 2003 it was all over for this important developer of classic titles. Notable Games – Astro Fighter, Burger Time, KungFu Master, The Real Ghostbusters, Robocop, Two Crude, Magical Drop series Exidy 1973-1996 Compared to many of the other companies on this list during the 1970-80’s Exidy was a smaller scale operation. Despite their size, they often produced unique, fun, and innovative products. Exidy was the first company to produce an arcade game that would be met with controversy due to its perceived violent content (Death Race). Despite some commercial gains with their innovative RPG dungeon crawler game Venture and popular light gun game Crossbow, Exidy was not able to catch sustainable success in the arcade gaming industry. Notable Games – Death Race, Fax, Venture, Crossbow, Chiller GCC (General Computer Corp.) 1981- 2005 GCC isn’t especially well known by the general gaming public, but they helped produce several of the best-known arcade titles during the Golden Age. GCC first began in 1981 making modification kits for Atari’s Missile Command (Super Missile Attack) and for Namco’s Pac-Man (Crazy Otto), which eventually became Ms. Pac-Man. GCC also codevelop a few Atari arcade game titles in the early 1980’s, and the Atari 7800 home videogame system. During the 1990’s GCC left the computer and gaming development fields and transitioned into a printing company. Notable Games – Super Missile Attack, Crazy Otto, Quantum, Food Fight

422 Irem 1969-2011 Founded in 1969 by Kenzo Tsujimoto in Osaka, Japan, Irem began as a company selling cotton candy machinery. They quickly shifted gears into gaming by manufacturing pachinko machines by 1970 for the Japanese market. In 1977, Irem started manufacturing CRT arcade monitors and a year later produced their own Space Invaders type arcade game clone. Most of the best-known Irem developed arcade game titles occurred in the 1980’s, with later output focused more on pachinko and slot machine manufacturing. Notable Games – Moon Patrol, R-Type, Kung-Fu Master Konami 1969-Present In 1969 Konami started life as a jukebox distribution and repair company in Osaka, Japan. In 1978 they started to produce arcade games and quickly found profitability worldwide with several well-known classic titles including Frogger and Track & Field. Konami’s success continued in both the arcade markets and home gaming markets throughout the 80’s and 90’s. Today, Konami is a multi-faceted company producing not just videogames, but toys and even films. Notable Games – Frogger, Gyruss, Track & Field, Contra, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, The Simpsons, Dance Dance Revolution Midway 1958-2010 Founded in 1958, Midway produced a wide variety of coin-operated amusement machines. Midway acquired pinball manufacturer Bally in 1969 and started producing arcade videogames under the Midway name in 1973. Bally-Midway would be a large presence in the America arcade market for decades. Midway was fortunate enough to be the US licensee for both the smash hits of Taito’s Space Invaders and Namco’s Pac-Man. Beyond its success licensing games developed by other companies, Midway produced many original hits during the 1980’s though the 2000’s. Midway went through several corporate mergers starting in 1988 (becoming part of Williams Electronics in the process) but would go bankrupt in 2010 ending operations. Notable Games – Spy Hunter, Tapper, Tron, Rampage, Mortal Kombat, NBA Jam Namco 1955-Present Namco was founded in 1955 as a manufacturer of electromechanical games for the Japanese market. Its first foray into arcade videogames came in the 1970’s as a distributor for Atari arcade titles in Japan. Namco started producing their own titles in 1977. By the early 1980’s they became a powerhouse in the industry worldwide with hits titles like Galaxian, Galaga, Rally-X, and Pac-Man. In the 90’s, Namco’s focus became more on home gaming software, but they continued to manufacture some arcade games. In 2006 Namco’s assets were purchased by Bandai forming Namco-Bandai. Many gaming historians consider Namco to be one of the most innovative and important videogame companies in history. Notable Games – Rally-X, Pac-Man, Galaga, Dig Dug, Xevious, Pole Position, Ridge Racer, Tekken Nintendo 1889-Present One of the most storied of all the gaming companies, it would take an entire additional book to do justice to Nintendo’s rich history. Founded in 1889 in Japan as a playing card company, they would evolve over the decades eventually offering traditional board games and electronic toys by the 1960’s. In 1972 Nintendo started dipping their toes into the videogame market with home and arcade gaming titles. The major moment for Nintendo came in 1981 with the release of Donkey Kong. This was start of a gallery of famous and well-known videogame icons, and the birth of Nintendo’s eventual market dominance. Nintendo would concentrate mostly on home videogame systems by the mid 1980’s after the collapse of the American game market. Today, Nintendo is one of the most profitable videogame companies in the world and owns the rights to some of the most well-known videogame characters of the modern age. Notable Games – Radar Scope, Donkey Kong, Mario Bros., vs. System, Punch-Out!!, Killer Instinct Nutting Associates 1967-1977 Sometimes being first doesn’t equal lasting success. NA would produce what most historians believe is the first commercial arcade game with Computer Space. Despite the historical importance of this game, it was not as successful as NA had hoped, nor were any of the other arcade projects that would follow afterwards. Nutting would close its doors in 1977 missing out on the coming arcade Golden Age. Notable Game – Computer Space Romstar 1984-1994 Mostly a distributor for conversion kits developed by Japanese manufacturers during the mid 80’s-early 90’s. Romstar also dipped their toe into producing home gaming software. In 1994 Romstar merged with gaming giant Capcom. Notable Games (Distributed) – Arkanoid, Bubble Bobble, 1942

423 Sega 1960-Present Founded in post WWII Japan by two American businessmen in 1960, Sega would become a dominant force in the videogames industry worldwide. Development of Sega’s first original electromechanical arcade game titles started in 1966 followed by their first arcade videogames in 1973. They quickly rose as an important and prolific game developer by the early 1980’s with several wellknown titles such as Zaxxon and Pengo. By the mid to late 1980’s Sega started to emerge as one of the global leaders in both arcade and home videogame systems with an almost endless run of hit game titles. Today, Sega is still an important force in videogames although they have mostly stepped away from the production of coin-operated games. Their trademark mascot character Sonic the Hedgehog is known to videogame fans all over the globe. Notable Games – Zaxxon, Pengo, Space Harrier, Out Run, After Burner, Golden Axe, Moonwalker, R-360, Daytona USA, Virtua Fighter Sente Technologies (Bally-Sente) 1982- 1988 Originally founded by several ex-Atari employees as the company Videa in 1982, Sente was bought by original Atari founder Nolan Bushnell in 1983. Sente would develop a modular cartridge-based arcade game system known as the Sente System. In 1984 the company was bought by Midway, hoping the system could kick start the struggling industry. Despite many innovative ideas and products Sente struggled for mainstream success in the marketplace. Notable Games – Hattrick, Stocker, Snake Pit SNK 1973-Present SNK was founded in 1973 by Eikichi Kawasaki as the Shin Nihon Kikaku corporation, which was shortened to the initials SNK in 1981. 1979 saw the first arcade videogame titles from SNK, but most USA distribution of their titles games came via licensing by other companies like Centuri (Vanguard), or Rock-Ola (Fantasy). SNK started distributing their own games worldwide by the mid 1980’s as well as home videogame software. In 1989 their innovative Neo-Geo MVS system would go onto to become their most successful creation. SNK struggled to duplicate the success in either home or arcade markets as the 21st century approached and today exists as a reformed company started in 2001 focused on legacy products and home software. Notable Games – Vanguard, Ikari Warriors, Baseball Stars, Neo-Geo MVS System, King of Fighters, Metal Slug Taito 1953-Present Although one of the most well-known Japanese videogame companies, Taito was founded by a Russian businessman named Michael “Misha” Kogan in 1953. First started as a company importing jukeboxes and vending machines, Taito began produced arcade videogames by 1973 inspired by the popularity of Atari’s Pong. Taito quickly gained a reputation as an innovative and productive videogame manufacturer. In 1978, Space Invaders would become their breakthrough product and one of the most important arcade games ever made. Taito had multiple arcade game hits from the 1980’s through the 2000’s, but today focuses on home software. Notable Games – Gun Fight, Space Invaders, Qix, Elevator Action, Jungle King/Hunt, Bubble Bobble, Operation Wolf Vectorbeam 1977-1979 Vectorbeam came into existence due to some internal drama at Cinematronics. Founded by Larry Rosenthal in 1977, most Vectorbeam titles were made in low numbers, and were not well received in the marketplace during their initial run. The company remerged with Cinematronics by 1979. Today examples of Vectorbeam titles are highly sought after by collectors thanks to their rarity. Notable Games – Sundance, Tail Gunner, Warrior Williams Electronics 1974-2016 Williams Electronics was born in 1974, birthed from the coin-op pinball manufacturer Williams Manufacturing Company which started in 1943. Williams Electronics technically was controlled by the Seeburg jukebox company who bought the original Williams in 1964 but would sell Williams in 1980. Starting like many arcade manufacturers in the 1970’s, they made a series of unremarkable Atari Pong rip-offs. Williams’ output changed by the early 1980’s with a string of innovative and popular arcade games. They also created a reputation with gamers as a developer of “players” games, with higher-thanaverage difficulty or complexity. Through the mid 1980’s and 90’s Williams had several hit arcade titles and pinball machines. By 1999, they made a bold move to modernize pinball machines with computer graphics with a system known as Pinball 2000. The project ended up being a monumental failure, losing millions of dollars. Most of Williams’ 21st century output has centered on gambling machines or licensing their older titles for retro products. Notable Games – Defender, Joust, Robotron:2084, Blaster, Narc, Smash TV

Appendix C Definitions of BASIC Game Genres 1st Person – Game in which the perspective of the player’s avatar appears to be through the direct viewpoint (via the eyes or body) of that avatar. Examples: Blaster (Williams), Hard Drivin’ (Atari Games), Operation Wolf (Taito) 3rd Person – Often, a shooter genre title involving a human or human-like avatar in which the view for the player is from a “camera” behind or slightly above and behind the player’s avatar. Sometimes the game environment within the 3rd person shooter format will be in a pseudo-3-D format. Examples: Devastators (Konami), Cabal (TAD), Space Harrier (Sega), Xybots (Atari Games) Beat ‘em Up – Generic label given to any title in which waves of enemies are dispensed with constant and sometimes unending combative opponents. Most often, this type of title is associated with side scrolling fighters. Examples: Vigilante (Irem), Double Dragon (Taito), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Konami) Brick Buster – Game genre first seen with Clean Sweep by Ramtek and fine-tuned with Breakout from Atari, which were both an evolution from Pong. A player controls a paddle avatar in which a ball will bounce into a scoring area, with the intended goal to direct the ball into any number of targets. In most brick buster style games, the player attempts to remove bricks in the form of a wall, progressing to future levels. Examples: Bomb Bee (Namco), Arkanoid (Taito), Off the Wall (Atari Games) Driving – Any title in which the theming centers around the concepts of driving a vehicle of some kind. Although, automobile racing is common with this genre, there are many other vehicle types commonly seen both based in a reality or fantasy. Driving games do not necessarily indicate a race per se but can have skill-based rule sets or are set against a timer. Examples: Gran Trak 10 (Atari), Out Run (Sega), Hard Drivin’ (Atari Games)

425 Dungeon Crawler – Sub-genre of the RPG genre where the main action centers on fighting and/or exploring dungeon maze-like areas, typically full of enemies. Examples: Venture (Exidy), Tutankham (Stern/Konami), Gauntlet (Atari Games) Flight Simulator – Titles where a realistic simulation of aeronautical flight is presented. Flight simulators can include combat if the combat mechanics are grounded in reality, and not a fast action arcade game style gameplay. Examples: F-15 Strike Eagle (Microprose), Airline Pilots (Sega) Hack and Slash – Relates to combat games (often side scrolling) in which revolve around swordplay style weapons. Examples: Rastan (Taito), Golden Axe (Sega), Skulls and Crossbows (Atari Games) Hunt and Score – Any game in which points are accumulated by trapping or capturing enemies. Examples: Pac-Man (Namco), Qix (Taito), Quantum (Atari) Isometric – A subgenre indicating titles using a parallel perspective via a slightly birds’ eye angled viewpoint to present a wider view of a playfield. Often used in home computer strategy games. Examples: Zaxxon (Sega), Marble Madness (Atari Games), Viewpoint (Sammy/SNK) Laserdisc – Any arcade game regardless of gameplay theming than uses Laserdisc media as a means of video playback storage. Examples: Dragon’s Lair (Cinematronics), Mach 3 (Mylstar/Taito), Firefox (Atari) Light-Gun – Target shooting or combat themed games that utilize a light gun controller as the primary controller for the player. Examples: Vs. Duck Hunt (Nintendo), Crossbow (Exidy), House of the Dead (Sega) Maze – Titles that take place in maze-like defined area, whether (or not), the maze is fixed, changing, or modifiable. This can include titles using either a top-down perspective such as Pac-Man, or 3-D perspective games such as Xybots. Examples: Gotcha (Atari), Berzerk (Stern), The Irritating Maze (SNK/Saurus) Movie, Comic Book, or TV Tie-In – Any game that has theming based on a movie, comic book, or television property or its characters. Examples: Fonz (Sega), Robocop (Data East), The Simpsons (Konami) One-on-One Fighter – Genre in which players compete in head-to-head combat style competition. Player avatars do not necessarily have to be human per se, but the combat style normally revolves around players striking each other until one is defeated. Examples: Street Fighter (Capcom), Mortal Kombat (Midway), Tekken (Namco) Over the Shoulder– A slight variation on a 3rd person perspective, but often used to describe when the playfield is seen slightly over the shoulder of the player’s avatar. Usually, a main character will be shooting a weapon of some kind. In this genre the avatar sometimes can appear transparent to allow for a view of the entire playfield in front of the character. Examples: Punch-Out!! (Nintendo), Dynamite Duke (Seibu) Overhead Scrolling (or Shooter) – Any title using a bird’s eye style perspective of both the player’s avatar and the enemies in a scrolling playfield. Commonly utilized in fast paced scrolling shooters. Examples: Xevious (Namco), 1941 (Capcom), Raiden (Seibu) Pac-Man Like – Games that mimic or flat-out copy the gameplay dynamics from Namco’s Pac-Man. This will usually involve a player’s character collecting objects in a fixed maze environment, while been pursued by enemies of some kind. Examples: Lock’N’Chase (Taito), Pepper II (Exidy), Changes (Orca) Platformer - The objective in a platformer is to move the player’s avatar within the game environment safety to the next area or level. This often involves avoiding dangerous areas, uneven terrain, different heights, moving platforms, or dangerous enemies in the playfield. Examples: Donkey Kong (Nintendo), Roc N’ Rope (Konami), Bubble Bobble (Taito)

426 Pong Type – Titles which have play dynamics like Atari’s Pong. Normally, these will be multi-player games using paddle-like avatars on opposite sides of a playfield, with a goal of passing a ball like object from side-to-side of the screen. Examples: Paddle Battle (Allied Leisure), Wimbledon (NA), Windjammers (Data East) Puzzle – When the main theming of a game is to use logical problem solving to advance, it can be considered a puzzle game. This can be in connection to other gameplay dynamics or strictly based around figuring out a solution to a problem. Examples: Loco Motion (Centuri/Konami), Tetris (Sega/Atari Games), Vs. Dr. Mario (Nintendo) Role-Playing (RPG) – Any arcade game that mimics or includes the elements common with tabletop, or pen and paper style dungeon games like Dungeons and Dragons. This can include elements of character skill development, sword and sorcery themes, character customization, dungeon style exploration, or games that allow for some free roaming within levels of gameplay. Examples: Cadash (Taito), Dungeons & Dragons: Tower of Doom (Taito), Gate of Doom (Data East) Racer – Game that uses the theming of driving in which the main goal is to beat other players (human or AI) in a race. These commonly utilize vehicles of some kind on a set track or route but can also be a sports contest between human like avatars running. Examples: Pole Position (Namco), Ivan Stewart’s Super Off Road (Leland), Daytona USA (Sega) Run and Gun – Scrolling fighter or action style titles centered around a fast-paced shooting of vast numbers of almost endless enemies. Examples: Elevator Action (Taito), Cyber-Lip (SNK), Contra (Konami) Rhythm – Games that mimic patterns dealing with musical melodies. The gameplay goal is centered around players matching the timing of the music presented during gameplay by using an interactive controller based on a musical instrument or dance floor. Examples: Dance Dance Revolution (Konami), Guitar Hero (Konami/Activision) Scrolling Fighter – This genre will have a scrolling playfield that moves with the player’s avatar (either vertical or horizontally scrolling). Players fight enemies with hand-to-hand-combat to progress, which allows further scrolling of the playfield. Combat in these titles is often simplistic compared to one-on-one fighters. Examples: Altered Beast (Sega), Sunset Riders (Konami), Final Fight (Capcom) Scrolling Shooter – Any game title that has as its main play mechanics a scrolling playfield (horizontal or vertical) where players shoot with a weapon or combat projectile waves of incoming enemies. Most often, players control some sort of flying craft. Examples: Stargate (Williams), Commando (Capcom), Blazing Star (Yumekobo) Side Scrolling – A game in which the movement mechanics on the screen playfield scroll in the horizontal manner exclusively. Examples: Scramble (Konami), Moon Patrol (Irem), Jungle Hunt (Taito) Space Shooter – A generic term used to describe games using space theming or an outer space setting. For the purposes of this guide, we use this term to describe mostly pre-1980 space themed games that do not use scrolling, but may have animated backgrounds that mimic scrolling. Examples: Computer Space (Nutting), Space Invaders (Taito), Star Castle (Cinematronics) Sports – Titles were the play mechanics of sporting events, or a sporting contest are used, simulated, mimicked, or lifted from. Games in the sports genre can be realistic simulations of a well-known sport, or a fictional sport. Examples: Basketball (Taito), Track & Field (Konami), NBA Jam (Midway) Twin Stick Shooter – Games using one joystick style controller for the movement of the character’s avatar in a playfield, and another joystick controller to shoot directionally at incoming enemies. Examples: Gun Fight (Taito), Robotron:2084 (Williams), Black Widow (Atari)

427 Appendix d Common arcade Conversion classes Pre-1985 arcade PCBs will have a specific wiring input format exclusive to that game title. This is commonly known as the pinout. Pinouts for early arcade videogame titles were mostly designed to be compatible with only one specific game. This was done for a variety of reasons, but usually to prevent operators or competitors from using their products in an unauthorized fashion. Despite this, some pre-1985 arcade game titles have pinout compatibility with other titles, thanks to some standardization with certain manufactures, or specific titlessharing similar hardware designs. After 1985, pinout compatibility became much more commonplace thanks to the adaptation of the JAMMA standard and the popularity of modular arcade gaming platforms. The Vintage Arcade Gal strongly recommends checking all PCB schematics, voltages, pinouts, wiring, and compatibility requirements with any PCB before attempting to connect an unknown PCB into a wiring harness it might not be 100% compatible with. Many game PCBs (especially bootleg versions) have similar physical pinout styles, but configurations can be completely different board to board, or even machine to machine leading to permanent damage for components. If in any doubt, consult an expert. Even a small voltage mismatch can destroy valuable electronic parts. The following list is a general guide for pinout compatibility and is far from an exhaustive one but lists the more popular and better-known interchangeable arcade conversion PCB classes released in the USA.

428 Atari System 1- In 1984, Atari Games introduced the System 1 as an easy way for operators to change game titles and control panels in a dedicated System 1 cabinet. Although each System 1 cabinet technically came from the factory as a dedicated unit with a specific title installed, the interchangeable nature of the system makes this somewhat inconsequential. Kits included a new populated control panel, marquee, and a small cartridge like board. Some games used unique controller setups compared to others such as the driving game Roadblasters. System 1 was popular and successful with operators and players, although only 5 titles were released for it. Today the Atari System 1 is a favorite with many classic arcade game collectors. Capcom CP System – Although technically JAMMA compliant, the CP System uses a removable daughter board on the main PCB to change game titles. Many early Street Fighter II game versions use this PCB system and bootlegs are common. Capcom CP System II (CPS2) – The CP System II uses two boards, an A board which connects via JAMMA to the arcade cabinet, and a B board which contains the actual game program hardware. Capcom attempted to circumvent the issues surrounding the mass bootlegging of their original CP System with the use of a battery connected to a security encryption unit that is required for the game to function. If these batteries die, the board becomes unplayable. The battery must be carefully replaced before losing power completely to avoid a dead PCB. Capcom CP System III (CPS3) - The CP System III uses a CD-ROM to load the game program data onto the main PCB, as well as a security cartridge with the game BIOS. Much like the CP System II, the cartridges contain a battery, which if it fails, will render the cartridge useless. Convert-A-Game (Sega G80) – Early attempt by Sega to create an easy to exchange and convert arcade system. While all games in the G80 series are based around Zilog Z80 processors, some titles use a vector monitor and others raster. This along with minor pinout changes makes the system not easily as swappable PCB to PCB when compared to other early modular systems. Deco System – The Deco system was created by Data East. It was more successful in its native Japan than in the United States. Deco is often credited as the first truly modular and easily changeable arcade game system offered by any manufacturer. Game programs were stored on audio cassettes in a similar nature as was common with early home computers. A “Key Module”, which is a security key specific to each title, is required for the that title to activate. The downside to this system was the cassette was not well suited for the harsh environments of videogame arcades since the cassettes could be fragile (this was still an era where people smoked in public). Despite this, almost 50 titles would be offered for the system in its lifetime with several popular titles becoming licensed to other companies. Galaxian/Pac-Man – Shared pinout standard used in many popular early 1980’s Namco developed games, as well as some other manufacturers. Most early Pac-Man title arcade PCBs are directly swappable with each other thanks to this shared pinout. This includes Bally-Midway versions of Pac-Man, Pac-Man Plus, Ms. Pac-Man, and a specific version of Junior Pac-Man. Hyper Neo Geo 64 – Hyper Neo Geo 64 was the failed follow-up to SNK’s original Neo Geo MVS arcade system. Only 7 titles would be produced for their system, and not all titles are easily swappable in the same cabinet due to controller differences. JAMMA – Staring around 1985, JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association) became the most widely used pinout standard for arcade games worldwide. The JAMMA standard was developed with the cooperation of major Japanese arcade gaming manufactures of the time. Any arcade game cabinet with standard JAMMA wiring can use almost any JAMMA compatible PCB, with some rare limitations. JAMMA quickly became the universal arcade standard thanks to both Japan’s dominance in the arcade industry after 1985 and the popularity of conversion kits. The appeal of the JAMMA standard is apparent, since it allows easy swapping of game PCBs with little or no modification to the actual cabinet required.

429 JAMMA+ - JAMMA+ is a JAMMA compatible wiring format that allows for 6 buttons and a joystick per player over the standard up to 3 button format. JAMMA+ is mostly for one-on-one fighting games. A game cabinet wired for JAMMA+ is still compatible with standard JAMMA PCBs. Konami Classic Pinout – Unlike most other manufacturers in the early 1980’s, Konami often used a consistent pinout connector arrangement for their PCBs making it easy to swap between certain game titles. Konami adopted the JAMMA standard with most of their PCBs after 1985. Max-A-Flex – Exidy produced this arcade game system based around the hardware of an 8-bit computer. Inside the cabinet housed a slightly modified Atari 600XL computer. Game cartridges would be inserted to change titles. Gameplay was regulated by a digital timer for the player, and new game title kits included a new marquee to advertise the game. The rest of the cabinet artwork was non-descript. Since there is no specific lock-out encryption to the system, any Atari 600XL compatible game cartridge will work in the cabinet. Neo Geo MVS – The Neo Geo MVS was SNK’s modular arcade system masterpiece. Game cartridges fit inside a main PCB capable of either 1,2,4, or 6 selections depending on the MVS system version. Originally, small mylar marquee signs were offered that fit into a slot in the marquee (for North American systems), but later some dedicated marquees and other variations became available. The Neo Geo MVS uses a generic universal control panel that is not changed title to title. The only exception to this is the game The Irritating Maze, which was released in a dedicated cabinet with an exclusive control panel. Play Choice – Nintendo’s jukebox style arcade gaming system based on the hardware and software from its home videogame system the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Although the games for the Play Choice are nearly identical to the NES home versions, the system is not NES natively compatible. Sega System 1 – A popular series of PCBs from Sega offered starting in 1983, which use a compatible wire harness and edge pinout connector. Game hardware is powered by the Z80 Zilog processor and shares some hardware design with the SG-1000 and Sega Master System home videogame systems. Sega System 16 – The Sega System 16 uses a main motherboard PCB, and a daughter board PCB housing the specific game title data. Despite JAMMA becoming the industry standard by the mid to late 1980’s, the Sega System 16 uses its own pinout standard. Many of Sega’s most popular titles from this era were released on the System 16 hardware making it popular with collectors today. Like some other PCB systems, some System 16 PCBs use a security battery that if unchanged, can cause the board to fail. Sega Mega-Tech System – Sega’s attempt to create an arcade game system based around the popular Genesis (Mega Drive) and Sega Master System (Mark III) home videogame systems. The system was not officially released in the USA, but many units found their way into the country thanks to an east coast operator. The system shares its base technology with Sega’s 8-bit and 16-bit home gaming systems, but the cartridges are not compatible. Sega Naomi – Sega’s Naomi system shares a basic hardware design with the Dreamcast home gaming system. Games hardware was first made available via switchable PCBs, but later titles came in a CD-ROM format (which require a CD-ROM compatible version of the base hardware system). The system was very successful, and a great number of popular titles are available for the system. Sente System – The Sente System was a modular arcade game system using small cartridges inside a series of generic arcade cabinets to make changing titles easy. Originally Sente was offered as a subscription, with new titles shipped to operators on a regular basis. Specific game titles have their own control panels and marquees. Although the Sente System was not widely successful in the marketplace, it is popular with many collectors today. Vs. Unisystem – Using a standard base PCB, game titles can be switched though a changing of program ROM IC chips, special color palette IC, and sometimes special daughter boards. Many of the titles for Nintendo’s Vs. Unisystem are like those offered for its home NES system, but they are not compatible and sometimes have play differences.

430 Appendix e major CONTROLLER TYPES Button – An interactive switch, normally circular in shape. Commonly, they are mounted flush on a control panel with a protruding portion for player interaction. Pushing a button makes a momentary connection. This is processed by the game as input from the user. Most buttons automatically spring back to an upward condition once pressure is no longer applied. Some specialty buttons are pressure sensitive, or also function as directional controls. Button (LED) – Buttons using LED technology are designed to illuminate in some manner either constantly or when a specific input or output is set to the switch. Dance Mat – A segmented controller, placed at a floor level, designed for a player to physically step on (or dance on) during gameplay. Dance mats are normally made from durable materials since they face rigorous abuse. Flight Stick – A controller used most often in-flight style games intended to mimic the controller set-up of an aircraft or similar flying craft. Force Feedback – Any system that creates motorized resistance or a physical reaction affecting the player’s controls or the player physical environment. Feedback is intended to simulate real world physics or vibrations. Joypad – A joypad is a flush mounted directional controller that functions much like a joystick in its application. While joypads are uncommon in arcade use, they offer a more ergonomic gaming experience with some situations.

431 Joystick – Standard directional movement control made up of a protruding stick which allows for directional input from the player. Joysticks can pivot and move in multiple directions and are connected to a centering base of some type. Joysticks are the most common type of player controls for arcade videogames. Joystick controllers can come in practically limitless varieties of designs, sizes, technologies, or directional and sensitivity capabilities. Hall Effect – Hall effect joysticks utilize magnetics and the changes in voltage caused by the movement of the joystick instead of using traditional joystick sensors, which can wear out in time. The magnets in a hall effect joystick never physically touch but changes in measured voltage due to the movement of the joystick itself. Hall effect sticks allow a greater sensitivity of direction compared to a standard 8-way joystick but are not necessarily more or less reliable in arcade games due to their sophisticated nature. Leaf Switch – Leaf switches are found in the controllers and buttons of most pre-1986 arcade game machines. Leaf switches are a relativity simple on/off switch made of two (or sometimes more) strips of thin conductive material which make contact when a button is pressed. Leaf switches started to become less common towards the late 80’s in arcade games due to the popularity of microswitches, which can react more quickly and are more durable. Light Gun – A light gun is any controller, usually shaped like a projectile shooting weapon used to aim at a video monitor in an arcade game to mimic shooting. Some light guns use simple optical sensors to interact with targets while other guns use more sophisticated methods. Microswitch – Microswitches are small switches used to measure or regulate input from controllers or buttons. Designed to be small, fast to respond, and reliable, microswitches became commonplace in arcade games by the mid 1980’s. They would replace earlier leaf switch designs completely in new games by the 90’s. Most microswitches are encased in a plastic box containing all the switching elements inside. Motion or Motorized Cabinet – Any arcade cabinet that physically moves with gameplay, often with the player attached in some manner. Motion cabinets typically are cockpit style games that have heavy duty hydraulic style motors that create the directional motion. The sophistication of motorized cabinets can vary greatly. Motion Sensor – Any sensor intended to interpret physical movement from the player’s body into information to control onscreen action(s). Motion sensors are sometimes used in connection to special controllers or playercontrolled accessories. Optical Sensor – Any sensor that can measure the input (or blockage) of light and turn that information into a digital signal. Optical sensors are commonly used with light gun games and early driving games. Paddle – A paddle refers to a controller that uses a small wheel like input for the player, which travels using an internally connected potentiometer for signal input to the game. Paddles only allow for two directional movement, and most often have a limited range of movement left to right. Pedal – Pedals can refer to either controls designed to mimic the typical gas, brake, and clutch functions of an automobile or those found in machines capable of flight. Periscope – A controller or design element of an arcade game intended to mimic the presentation of a submarine ship’s viewing mechanism. Periscopes are not just limited to game titles that theme themselves around naval combat or simulation. Shifter – Shifters are gear changing controllers mostly used in driving genre games to vary speed or regulate the simulation of changing engine gears. Many shifters on arcade games are more simplistic than ones used on real automobiles, normally not including a clutch pedal or more than two gears.

432 Spinner – Similar in design to a paddle, a spinner is designed to spin freely with no limitations regarding a stopping point. Steering Wheel – A controller designed to recreate the dynamics of controlling a vehicle such as an automobile, truck, or boat. Steering wheels in arcade game applications before 1990 commonly do not have any sort of force feedback. Some steering wheels intended for overhead racing titles will spin freely with no limitations or stoppages, much like a paddle. Trackball (Trak-ball) – A directional input control that uses a hard ball held into place by a restrictive opening and a series of sensors underneath the control panel. Trackballs allow for fast and precise movements. In arcade games, trackballs are often used in sports titles. VR Headset – A VR, or virtual reality headset is a device most often worn over the eyes, allowing access to a full perifoveal viewpoint of the gameplay area. Many VR headsets offer 3-D like environments for an immersive gaming experience. The sophistication of VR systems is dependent on the computing technology of the era in which it was created. Yoke – A yoke is a term used to describe a directional controller designed to appear and function in a similar manner to those used in some real-life aerial vehicles, often like those used in helicopters.

433 Appendix f USA Released NEO GEO MVS Carts The following is a listing of the officially USA released and distributed game cartridges for the Neo Geo MVS system. Despite the large amount of one-on-one fighter titles, the Neo Geo has an incredible variety of game genre titles in its library. A word of warning to collectors, bootleg and overseas carts are commonplace and are easily available and often well disguised as originals. Although no price guidelines are given here for individual cartridges, some titles are rarer and/or more desirable than other titles which normally will affect value. In future versions of this guide, I hope to also include price guidelines for individual cartridges. Originally, game cartridges shipped in a small cardboard box and included a small mylar insert for the main marquee. Some also included additional materials such as special instruction stickers. 3 Count Bout SNK, March 25, 1993 Genre: Sports, Pro Wrestling Aero Fighters 2 Video System, 1994 Genre: Scrolling Shooter Aero Fighters 3 Video System, 1995 Genre: Scrolling Shooter Aggressors of Dark Kombat ADK, 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Alpha Mission II SNK, 1991 Genre: Scrolling Shooter Andro Dunos Visco Corp., June 15, 1992 Genre: Scrolling Shooter

434 Art of Fighting SNK, 1992 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Art of Fighting 2 SNK, 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Art of Fighting 3 SNK, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Bang Bead Visco Corp., 2000 Genre: Pong, Brick Buster Baseball Stars Professional SNK, 1990 Genre: Sports, Baseball Baseball Stars 2 SNK, 1992 Genre: Sports, Baseball Battle Flip Shot Visco Corp., 1998 Genre: Sports, Brick Buster, Pong Blazing Star SNK, 1998 Genre: Scrolling Shooter Blue's Journey Alpha Denshi, 1990 Genre: Platformer Breakers Visco Corp., 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Breakers Revenge Visco Corp., 1998 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Burning Fight SNK, 1991 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up Bust-A-Move (Puzzle Bobble) Taito, June 1994 Genre: Puzzle Note: Possibly, the most successful Neo Geo MVS title that wasn’t a one-on-one fighter. Features many characters seen in the Taito game Bubble Bobble. Bust-A-Move Again (Puzzle Bobble 2) Taito, 1995 Genre: Puzzle Captain Tomaday Visco Corp., 1999 Genre: Overhead Scrolling Shooter Crossed Swords Alpha Denshi, 1991 Genre: Hack and Slash, RPG, Over the Shoulder Cyber-Lip SNK, November 7, 1990 Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Double Dragon Technos, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Note: Unlike the original side scrolling beat ‘em up version of this title from the 80’s, this is a standard one-on-one fighter style game. Eightman Pallas, 1991 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, TV Tie-in Note: Based on the characters from the 1963 Japanese manga series of the same name. Far East of Eden: Kabuki Klash Racdym, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Fatal Fury: King of Fighters SNK, November 25, 1991 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Fatal Fury 2 SNK, December 10, 1992 Genre: One-on-One Fighter

435 Fatal Fury Special SNK, September 16, 1993 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Fatal Fury 3: The Road to Final Victory SNK, March 27, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Fight Fever Viccom, July 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Football Frenzy SNK, 1992 Genre: Sports, Football Galaxy Fight: Universal Warriors Sunsoft, January 24, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Ganryu Visco Corp., 1999 Genre: Side-Scrolling Fighter, Hack and Slash Garou: Mark of the Wolves SNK, November 26, 1999 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Ghost Pilots SNK, 1991 Genre: Ariel Combat, Scrolling Shooter Goal! Goal! Goal! Visco Corp., 1995 Genre: Sports, Soccer Gururin Face, May 25, 1994 Genre: Puzzle Irritating Maze, The Saurus, 1997 Genre: Maze, Skill, Puzzle Note: Uses a special trackball controller. The only USA released Neo Geo MVS game offered in its own dedicated cabinet. Karnov's Revenge Data East, March 7, 1994 Gerne: One-On-One Fighter King of Fighters '94, The SNK, October 1, 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters '95, The SNK, July 25, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters '96, The SNK, July 30, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters '97, The SNK, July 28, 1997 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters '98, The (The Slugfest) SNK, July 23, 1998 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters '99, The (Millennium Battle) SNK, July 22, 1999 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters 2000, The SNK, July 26, 2000 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters 2001, The Eolith/SNK, November 15, 2001 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters 2002, The (Challenge to the Ultimate Battle) Eolith/SNK, July 22, 2002 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of Fighters 2003, The (King of Fighters X) Eolith/SNK, March 11, 2003 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of the Monsters SNK, 1991 Genre: One-on-One Fighter King of the Monsters 2 SNK, 1992 Genre: One-on-One Fighter

436 Kizuna Encounter: Super Tag Battle SNK, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Last Blade, The SNK, 1997 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Last Blade 2, The SNK, 1998 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Last Resort SNK, 1992 Genre: Side Scrolling Shooter League Bowling SNK, 1992 Genre: Sports, Bowling Note: Game cartridge contains an input/output cable allowing for up to 8-players between 4 connected Neo Geo MVS arcade units. Legend of Success Joe Wave Corporation, July 1991 Genre: Sports, Boxing Note: Not released officially outside of Japan, but often shows up on multigame carts as well as bootleg versions despite being considered one of the worst games in the Neo Geo MVS library. Magical Drop II Data East, 1996 Genre: Puzzle Magical Drop III Data East, 1997 Genre: Puzzle Magician Lord Alpha Denshi, April 26, 1990 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter Matrimelee Noise Factory, March 20, 2003 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Metal Slug: Super Vehicle-001 Nazca Corporation, April 19, 1996 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Metal Slug 2: Super Vehicle-001/II SNK, 1998 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Metal Slug X: Super Vehicle-001 SNK, March 1999 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Note: This is a re-released version of Metal Slug 2 to fix issues surrounding game slowdown and other bugs. The game is also somewhat more difficult than the original and adds some new content. Metal Slug 3 SNK, 2000 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Metal Slug 4 Playmore, 2002 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Metal Slug 5 Noise Factory/SNK-Playmore, 2003 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Money Puzzle Exchanger Face, January 17, 1997 Genre: Puzzle Mutation Nation SNK, 1992 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up NAM-1975 SNK, April 26, 1990 Genre: 3rd Person Shooter Neo Bomberman Produce/Hudson Soft, May 1, 1997 Genre: Maze, Platformer Neo Drift Out: New Technology Visco Corporation/SNK, March 28, 1996 Genre: Isometric Racer Neo Mr. Do! Universal, 1996 Genre: Maze, Platformer Note: An update of the classic 1982 Universal game Mr. Do, featuring many of the same gaming elements.

437 Neo Turf Masters Nazca/Saurus, 1996 Genre: Sports, Golf Neo Geo Cup '98: The Road to the Victory SNK, 1998 Genre: Sports, Soccer Nightmare in the Dark AM Factory, January 27, 2000 Genre: Platformer Ninja Combat Alpha Denshi, July 24, 1990 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up Ninja Commando Alpha Denshi, April 30, 1992 Genre: Scrolling Fighter, Run and Gun Ninja Master's: Haoh Ninpou-chou ADK, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Over Top ADK, April 26, 1996 Genre: Isometric Racer Panic Bomber: Bomberman Hudson Soft, 1996 Genre: Puzzle Pleasure Goal: 5 on 5 Mini Soccer Saurus, 1996 Genre: Sports, Soccer Pochi & Nyaa Aiky/Taito, December 24, 2003 Genre: Puzzle Pop'n Bounce Video System Co. Ltd., 1997 Genre: Brick Buster, Puzzle Note: Fun updated Atari Breakout clone which received a very limited worldwide release, especially in the USA. Power Spikes II Video System Co. Ltd./Taito, October 19, 1994 Genre: Sports, Volleyball Prehistoric Isle 2 Saurus/Yumekobo, September 27, 1999 Genre: Side Scrolling Shooter Pulstar Aicom, August 28, 1995 Genre: Side Scrolling Shooter Puzzle de Pon! Visco Corporation, November 28, 1995 Genre: Puzzle Puzzle de Pon! R Visco Corporation, 1997 Genre: Puzzle Puzzled SNK, 1990 Genre: Puzzle Notes: Game is a somewhat blatant rip-off of Tetris. Rage of the Dragons Evoga/Noise Factory, June 6, 2002 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Ragnagard Saurus, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Real Bout Fatal Fury SNK, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Real Bout Fatal Fury Special SNK, 1997 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Real Bout Fatal Fury 2: The Newcomers SNK, April 29, 1998 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Riding Hero SNK, July 24, 1990 Genre: Racing, Motorcycle, RPG Note: Game cartridge contains an input/output cable allowing for up to 2-players between 2 connected Neo Geo MVS arcade units via “Multi Play”. Robo Army SNK, November 1991 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Beat ‘em Up

438 Samurai Shodown (Samurai Spirits) SNK, July 7, 1993 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Samurai Shodown II SNK, October 28, 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Samurai Shodown III SNK, November 15, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Samurai Shodown IV: Amakusa’s Revenge SNK, November 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Samurai Shodown V Yuki/SNK Playmore, 2003 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Samurai Shodown V Special SNK/Playmore, July 15, 2004 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Note: This was the last officially released licensed title for the Neo Geo MVS system. Savage Reign SNK, May 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Sengoku SNK, 1991 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Hack and Slash Sengoku 2 SNK, 1993 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Hack and Slash Sengoku 3 SNK/Noise Factory, 2001 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Hack and Slash Shock Troopers Saurus, November 1997 Genre: Run and Gun Shock Troopers 2nd Squad Saurus, 1998 Genre: Run and Gun Soccer Brawl SNK, February 14, 1992 Genre: Sports, Soccer (Futuristic) Spin Master Data East, Onan Games. 1993 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Platformer Stakes Winner Saurus/AM Factory, September 27, 1995 Genre: Sports, Horse Racing Stakes Winner 2 Saurus/System Vision, September 24, 1996 Genre: Sports, Horse Racing Street Slam Data East/Onan Games, December 8, 1994 Genre: Sports, Street Court Basketball (3 on 3) Strikers 1945 Plus Psikyo, December 24, 1999 Genre: Scrolling Shooter, Aerial Shooter Super Dodge Ball Technos, 1996 Genre: Sports, Dodge Ball Note: This was the last videogame from arcade game developer Technos before going out of business. There was no official Japanese release of this game for the Neo Geo MVS. Super Baseball 2020 Pallas/SNK, 1991 Genre: Sports, Baseball (Futuristic) Super Sidekicks SNK, December 14, 1992 Genre: Sports, Soccer Super Sidekicks 2: The World Championship SNK, April 19, 1994 Genre: Sports, Soccer Super Sidekicks 3: The Next Glory SNK, March 6, 1995 Genre: Sports, Soccer

439 Super Spy, The SNK, October 8, 1990 Genre: First Person Perspective Fighter, Beat ‘em Up Note: A unique game which combines a 1st person perspective of the player and some light RPG elements into the gameplay. SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos SNK/Playmore, 2003 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Tecmo World Soccer '96 Tecmo, 1996 Genre: Sports, Soccer Thrash Rally Alpha Denshi, 1991 Genre: Overhead Racer Note: One of the few Neo Geo MVS Game cartridges that allows “Multi Play” connectivity for two MVS arcade machines so four players can play at once. Top Hunter: Roddy & Cathy SNK, 1994 Genre: Side Scrolling Fighter, Shooter, Beat ‘em Up Top Player's Golf SNK, May 23, 1990 Genre: Sports, Golf Twinkle Star Sprites ADK, 1996 Genre: Scrolling Shooter The Ultimate 11: SNK Football Championship SNK, October 16, 1996 Genre: Sports, Soccer Viewpoint Sammy/Aicom, November 20, 1992 Genre: Isometric Shooter Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer Technos, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Waku Waku 7 Sunsoft, 1996 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Windjammers Data East, 1994 Genre: Sports, Flying Disc, Pong Type World Heroes Alpha Denshi, July 28, 1992 Genre: One-on-One Fighter World Heroes 2 Alpha Denshi, April 26, 1993 Genre: One-on-One Fighter World Heroes 2 Jet ADK, April 26, 1994 Genre: One-on-One Fighter World Heroes Perfect ADK, May 25, 1995 Genre: One-on-One Fighter Zed Blade NMK, September 13, 1994 Genre: Side Scrolling Shooter ZuPaPa! Face, 2001 Genre: Platformer Genre: Gameplay is very much like Taito’s Bubble Bobble.

440 Appendix g Play choice 1o Game titles The Nintendo Play Choice arcade system came in a variety of dedicated cabinet styles and conversion kits designed for specific game cabinets. The system is essentially a videogame jukebox, allowing for players to pay for game time played instead of the traditional “play until you die” approach with most arcade titles. Up to 10 small daughterboards which contain the individual titles can be installed into the main motherboard PCB. This made titles easy to switch out and new software was made available until early 1992 when the entire system was discontinued. Game packs came shipped in small cardboard mailers and often included a tiny metal topper marquee to announce the new title. The Play Choice system was extremely successful during its release for Nintendo, not just as an arcade title but also helping with sales of its Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). All game carts and hardware are based on the same NES hardware and software used for the home system, but the two systems are not directly compatible. Despite all Play Choice software being practically carbon copies of the home versions, not all NES released titles saw Play Choice versions released. Today, the system has a wide crossover appeal from collectors of Nintendo memorabilia, home game collectors, and arcade collectors. From top to bottom: A sealed Play Choice game pack in its original mailer, a Play Choice game cartridge daughterboard, and a metal sign topper marquee

441 1942 Capcom, 1986 Scrolling aerial themed shooter based on the arcade game of the same name. Balloon Fight Nintendo, 1986 Co-op or competitive 2-player game, which is similar to Williams’ Joust. Baseball Nintendo, 1986 A generic baseball game which is similar to the Vs. Unisystem version. Baseball Stars SNK, 1989 Baseball game based on the SNK arcade title of the same name. Captain Skyhawk Milton Bradley, 1990 Top scrolling shooter with decent graphics. Castlevania Konami, 1987 Classic Dracula themed side scrolling fighter from Konami. Game was first released on the Vs. Unisystem platform. Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (Disney’s) Capcom, 1990 Side scrolling platformer based on the Disney TV cartoon show of the same name. Contra Konami, 1988 Classic side scrolling shooter/fighter from Konami based on the original arcade game. Double Dragon Tradewest/Technos, 1988 Side scrolling beat ‘em up based on the classic arcade title. Differs in many gameplay elements including not allowing for a 2-player co-op mode. Double Dribble Konami, 1987 Basketball game based on the 1986 Konami arcade released game. Dr. Mario Nintendo, 1990 An original puzzle game with Nintendo’s Mario and some extremely earwormy background music. Duck Hunt Nintendo, 1986 Duck shooting light gun game which differs slightly from the Vs. Unisystem version. Excitebike Nintendo, 1986 Dirt bike side scrolling racer also released for the Vs. Unisystem, but the two versions have multiple differences in gameplay features. Fester's Quest Sunsoft, 1989 Platformer and shooter title based on the character from the Addams Family cartoons and movies. Gauntlet Tengen, 1988 Dungeon crawling action-based RPG based on the Atari Games arcade release of the same name. Golf Nintendo, 1986 A basic golf game which is almost a carbon copy of the Vs. Unisystem release. The Goonies Konami, 1986 Unique side scrolling platformer based around the Richard Donner movie of the same name. The version released for the NES home gaming system is titled Goonies II. Gradius Konami, 1986 Classic side scrolling space themed shooter from Konami based on the arcade game. Hogan's Alley Nintendo, 1986 Light gun target shooting game also made for the Vs. Unisystem.

442 Kung Fu Nintendo/Irem, 1986 Very basic side scrolling fighter based on the arcade title by Irem. Mario Bros. Nintendo, 1986 Adaptation of the classic co-op arcade game of the same name. Mario's Open Golf Nintendo, 1991 Fun casual golf game starring characters from the Nintendo universe. Mega Man 3 Capcom, 1990 Third in the series of run and gun platformers that are known for their difficulty. Only Mega Man 3 was released on the Play Choice out of the Mega Man series of games. Metroid Nintendo, 1986 Unique, innovative, and somewhat open world sci-fi based platformer. Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! Nintendo, 1987 Differs greatly from the original arcade release Punch-Out!! in several ways including eliminating the see-through perspective from behind the boxer, and the inclusion of real-life boxer Mike Tyson. Ninja Gaiden Tecmo, 1989 Less than stellar translation of the hack and slash arcade game of the same name. Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos Tecmo, 1990 Ninja scrolling fighting sequel to the original Ninja Gaiden. Ninja Gaiden III: The Ancient Ship of Doom Tecmo, 1991 Third in the series of side scrolling fighting games and manufactured in very low numbers for the Play Choice system. Nintendo World Cup Nintendo, 1990 Soccer game originally developed by Technos. Pinbot Nintendo/Rare, 1990 Fun pinball videogame based on the Williams pinball machine. Uses a top-down angled perspective in an attempt to accurately represent a real pinball table. Power Blade Taito/Nastume, 1991 Side scrolling shooter/fighter. Pro Wrestling Nintendo, 1987 A very basic pro wrestling themed game. Rad Racer Nintendo, 1987 Street racing game that seems to have been inspired by Sega’s Outrun. The home version of the game came with 3-D glasses. Rad Racer II Square, 1990 Sequel to the street racing game with slightly improved graphics and more aggressive enemies One of the harder to find Play Choice carts. R.C. Pro-Am Nintendo, 1988 A very fun overhead perspective remote control car racer. Rockin' Kats Atlus, 1991 Platformer with cats who rock. Rush'n Attack Konami, 1987 Early side scrolling fighter based on the arcade game of the same name. Rygar Tecmo, 1987 Based on the arcade game but differs greatly in play dynamics.

443 Solar Jetman: Hunt for the Golden Warpship Tradewest/Rare, 1990 Scrolling shooter with a heck of a title. Super C Konami, 1990 Sequel to the side scrolling shooter/fighter Contra. The arcade game it is based on is titled Super Contra, the name change was made over complaints from parents upset over the word “Contra” Super Mario Bros. Nintendo, 1986 The original classic platformer which differs slightly from the Vs. Unisystem release. Super Mario Bros. 2 Nintendo, 1988 The US version of the game, which is of course, the platforming sequel to the original. Super Mario Bros. 3 Nintendo, 1990 3rd and last 8-bit release of the series of famous plumber-based platformers. Tecmo Bowl Tecmo, 1989 American rules football game based on the arcade game of the same name. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Konami, 1989 Side scrolling platformer based on the popular comic book characters. Game is very different when compared to the Konami arcade released version. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game Konami, 1990 Translation of the Konami arcade game version. Tennis Nintendo, 1986 Generic tennis game also made for Vs. Unisystem. Track & Field Konami, 1987 Multi-sport Olympics themed sports game based on the Konami arcade game of the same name. Trojan Capcom, 1987 Side scrolling fighter based on the arcade game of the same name. Volleyball Nintendo, 1987 A basic sports volleyball videogame. Wild Gunman Nintendo, 1986 Light gun target shooting game. Yo! Noid Capcom, 1990 Platformer game based around the character from a series of advertisements for the Domino’s Pizza restaurant chain.

444 Appendix H Nintendo Vs Unisystem titles Nintendo offered the Vs. Unisystem as an inexpensive modular gaming solution for arcade game operators, and it was highly successful in the marketplace. It’s a close cousin to both the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) home videogame system, and the Play Choice arcade system. Although much of the hardware is similar between these three systems, they are in no way compatible. Many Unisystem games were released as home NES versions but not all Unisystem titles would see a Play Choice version. The system was sold as either a pair of two upright connected cabinets, as a two-sided cocktail cabinet, or as a single monitor conversion kit for specific cabinet types. Much of the marketing for the system focused on converting older Nintendo titles (Donkey Kong, Popeye, etc.) with the promise of better profitability from the newer titles. Game title kits were shipped in hard plastic cases containing new game ROM chips, a special PPU chip that selects the correct color palette for the game, a new marquee, and sometimes a cardboard cabinet topper to advertise the new title to the paying public. A Nintendo game kit for the Vs. Unisystem

445 Using the wrong PPU chip with a set of ROMs will normally still allow the game to function but with incorrect colors. Select titles required a special security daughter board, light gun, or in the case of the game Slalom, special ski controls. A single Unisystem main PCB can control both sides of a two-sided cabinet or cocktail. This ability is due to the PCB having separate sections for two sets of game ROM chips and processors. Some games can use both sides of the PCB slots for the same title. This allows cross play of up to four players across two monitor screens. Alternatively, each side can have a different game title for each side of a two-sided cabinet. For a single monitor cabinet, just a single game title is installed. Value of a game cabinet can vary depending on the game title(s) installed, and not all titles were officially released in the USA market. Some game titles originally advertised for the system were never released including Vs. Football and Vs. Nintendo 500. Additional game titles were released in Japan only. Several of the titles offered across different Nintendo platforms have gameplay differences. Some of the notable differences include: • Excitebike contains bonus rounds where a player jumps over a series of trucks. • Super Mario Bros. is more difficult than the NES or Play Choice version and contains additional levels. • Many of the tricks or shortcuts in the NES version of Super Mario Bros. do not work in the Vs. version. • Castlevania is much more difficult than the home version including a much faster timer and less forgiving health bar. • Duck Hunt allows you to shoot the dog. • Overall, due to how the color palette system works in a Unisystem, colors tend to appear more pastel like compared to the NES or Play Choice releases. Vs. Balloon Fight Released September 1984 A co-op game which is similar to William’s Joust. Vs. Baseball Released April 1984 A simple baseball game that can support up to 4- players using two monitors. Vs. Battle City Not released in the USA Tank combat game developed by Namco which can be seen as a sequel to their arcade game Tank Battalion. Vs. Castlevania Released by Konami in 1987 Unisystem version of the classic side scrolling fighting game. Uses a special daughter board required to function. Vs. Clu Clu Land Not released in the USA Puzzle/maze type game. Vs. Dr. Mario Released in 1990 Puzzle game starring Mario, and the last commercially released Unisystem game kit. Vs. Duck Hunt Released April 1984 Classic light gun target shooting game, which was not released in Japan. Vs. Excitebike Released February 1985 Classic side scrolling dirt bike racing game.