HEALTH GRADE 6

dBkfg, nfu'kbfy{ / wd" kfg ^kf7

(Alcohol, Drugs and Smoking)

kl/ro

z/L/sf] sfo{nfO{ ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds c;/
kfg{] /f;folgs kbfyn{ fO{ cfi} fwL (medicine) elgG5 .
nfuc' fi} fwL (drugs) n] klg dflg;sf] dl:tis / :gfo'
k|0ffnLnfO{ c;/ u/L lzlyn (numb) of pŒf]hs
(active) kfl/lbG5 . dflg;n] o:tf cf}ifwL hyfefjL
ko| fu] u/]df o;n] Hofg lnG5 of o;sf] nt nfu]/
hLjg g} ajfb{ xG' 5 .

nfuc' fi} fwLsf ¿kdf lrlgg] dV' o kbfyx{ ¿ ufh“ f, r/;] ,
efª, clkmd, lx/fO] g, sfs] ]g cflb x'g\ . oLafxs] klg cGo y/Ly/Lsf cf}ifwLx¿ ld;fP/
ahf/df s8f vfnsf nfuk' bfyx{ ¿ tof/ ul/G5g\ . logn] JolStsf] dl:tis, d6' ,' snh] f] /
lduf}n{ fnfO{ Ps} If0fdf v/fa kfb{5g\ . t;y{ o:tf nfuk' bfy{sf] ;j] g :jf:Yosf
bl[ i6sf0] fn] xflgsf/s dflgG5 .

xfdf| ] ;dfhdf rlncfPsf] hf“8, /S;L, tfª] \af cflbn] klg nfu' cf}ifwLsf] h:t} c;/x¿
bv] fp5“ g\ . oL kbfy{x¿sf] ntn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs kIfx¿df xflg
gfS] ;fgL k¥' ofp“5 . ;'tL{af6 ag]sf j:tx' ¿ wj' fs“ f ¿kdf ko| f]u ug{] sfo{nfO{ ‘wd" kfg’
elgG5 . o;cGtu{t r'/f]6, v}gL, la“8L, tDdfv,' l;uf/ cflb kb{5g\ . dflg;x¿n]
h] hlt sf/0fx¿ lbP/ nfuk' bfy,{ wd" kfg / dBkfgsf] ;j] g ug{] u/] tfklg oL kbfyx{ ¿n]
:jf:YonfO{ s'g} g s'g} lsl;dn] v/fa c;/ kf5{ .

nfu'kbfy{ k|ofu] sf] b'ikl/0ffd / o;af6 aRg] pkfox¿

!= nfuk' bfy{ k|of]usf b'ikl/0ffdx¿

-s_ k9fO / sfddf Wofg ghfg]

46 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

-v_ n6\7 eP/ a:g]
-u_ :d/0f zlSt sdhf]/ x“'b} hfg]
-3_ vfgf gvfgfn] s'kf]if0f xg' ]
-ª_ nfuk' bfy{ w/] } lnPsf] cj:yfdf dl:tisdf /utsf] gnL km' 6/] t?' Gt dT[ o' xg' ]
-r_ nfuk' bfy{ k|ofu] u/L c¿sf] ;'O{ ko| f]u u/]df PrcfOeL ;g{]
-5_ ;O' { xfns] f] 7fp“df 3fp xg' ] / kfSg]
-h_ nfuc' fi} fwL lsGg g;s/] ljleGg cfk/flws sfo{df nfUg]
-em_ nfuc' f}ifwLn] snh] f] ljufbf{ ;fgf] pd/] d} d[To' x'g]

@= nfuk' bfya{ f6 aRg] pkfox¿

-s_ nfuk' bfy{ k|ofu] ug{] ;fyLx¿;“u ;ª\ut gug{]
-v_ ;fyLx¿ o;sf] ntdf ePsf] yfxf kfP pgLx¿nfO{ 5f8] g\ xf};nf lbg]
-u_ sg' } ;fyLn] o:tf] afgL nufpg vfh] ] To;nfO{ gdfGg]
-3_ nfuk' bfys{ f] gsf/fTds kl/0ffdaf/] c¿nfO{ klg atfpg]
-ª_ s;n} ] nfuk' bfy{ cf];f/ k;f/ u/]sf] jf a]rlavg u/]sf] bv] ]df jf yfxf kfPdf

g8/fOsg k'ln;df ph/' L ug]{
-r_ nfu'kbfy{ /fs] yfd;DaGwL ag]sf lgod tyf sfg'gx¿sf] /fd|/L kfngf ug]{
-5_ cfkm" nfO{ v]nsb' , Jofofd / dgf]~hgfTds l;hg{ fTds sfox{ ¿df Jo:t /fVg]

ko| f]ufTds cEof;

ltdf| ] 3/df of 5/l5ds] df w"dkfg, nfuk' bfy{ / dBkfg ug]{ sg' } Ps JolStsf]
cWoog u/ . p;n] To:tf] ;j] g ug{ sg' pd/] bl] v ;'? u¥of] . p;nfO{ s] slt
gfS] ;fg eof] . 5f8] g\ ] sfl] ;; u¥of] of u/]g . s'g} :jf:Yo ;d:of 5 jf 5g} .
cWoognfO{ kl| tj]bg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't u/ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 47

;f/fz+

nfuc' f}ifwLn] dl:tis / :gfon' fO{ c;/ ubf{ JolSt lzlyn of pŒf]hs aG5 .
uf“hf, r/];, clkmd, lx/f]Og cflb nfu' kbfy{cGtut{ kb5{ g\ .
;'tL{ tyf ;t' L{hGo kbfy{ -h:t} M r/' f]6, vg} L, la“8L, tDafv' cflb_ wd" kfgdf ko| f]u xg' ]
kbfy{x¿ x'g\ .
nfuk' bfy{, wd" kfg / dBkfgn] JolStsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs tyf cflys{
kIfx¿nfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kfb{5 .
;t' L{, /S;L, nfu' kbfy{ cflb nt a:g] kbfyx{ ¿ ePsfn] dl:tis, sn]hf,] kmf]S;f], luhf
/ lduf{}nfdf 3ft ug]{ x'b“ f JolSt csfndf db5{ .

cEof;

!= pkoS' t zAb ko| f]u u/L vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ nfuk' bfy{n] dl:tis / ========================= nfO{ c;/ ub{5 .
-v_ ufh“ fnfO{ ========================= sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 .
-u_ w'jf“af6 ;'tL{ of ;'tLh{ Go kbfy{ lng] sfon{ fO={ ================ elgG5 .
-3_ hf8“ , /S;L vfg] dfG5]nfO{ s;n} ] ====================== k/fpb“ }g .
-ª_ nfu'kbfy{ k|ofu] ug{] JolStsf] ========================= 36\b} hfG5 .

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] 5f6] f] pŒf/ nv] M

-s_ nfu'cf}ifwL eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-v_ s:tf j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/]df w"dkfg u/s] f] elgG5 <
-u_ lsg nfu' kbfy{ ;]jg ug{' xflgsf/s xG' 5 elgPsf] xf] <
-3_ ltdL / ltd|f ;fyLx¿nfO{ nfu'kbfya{ f6 arfpg] sg' } kfr“ pkfox¿ nv] .
-ª_ w"dkfg, dBkfg / nfuk' bfy{ h:tf lrhx¿sf] k|ofu] aGb ug{ ;d'bfosf

JolStx¿af6 ltdLn] s:tf] ;xofu] sf] cfzf /fV5f} <

48 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo &kf7

(Environmental Health)

kl/ro

jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo eg]sf] xfd|f] jl/kl/ /x]sf xfjf, kfgL, df6f,] 3fd, 9n, ;8s,
hª\un cflbsf] pkoS' t cj:yf xf] . jftfj/0f hlt :jR5 / ;G' b/ /xG5 xfd|f] :jf:Yo
klg TolŒfs} /fdf| ] xG' 5 . xfdL cfkmn" ] hlt;s' } :jf:Yosf lgodx¿ ckgfP/ :j:y xg'
vfh] ] klg jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f g/fdf| ] ePdf xfdf| ] :jf:Yo /fd|f] x“b' g}  . jftfj/0fLo
:jf:Yodf xfdL a:g] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0fdf xg' ] kb| i" f0fsf] ke| fj / To;af6 / aRg] pkfox¿sf]
cWoog ul/G5 .

kfgL (Water)

kfgL xfdf| ] hLjgsf cTofjZos j:t'x¿dWo] Ps xf] . xfdf| ] z/L/df sl/a bO' { ltxfO
efu kfgL /x]sf] x'G5 . xfdLn] vfg] sltko vfB j:ts' f] cz+ kfgLaf6 g} ag]sf]

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 49

x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ lkpg dfq kfgL rflxg] xfO] g . To;}n] lgDglnlvt cfjZostfsf nflu
kfgLsf] k|of]u ul/G5 M

JolStut pkofu]

xfdLnfO{ lkpg, gx' fpg, n'uf wg' , ;/;kmfO ug,{ vfgf ksfpg kfgLsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . o;nfO{ 3/fo;L pkof]u elgG5 . kfgLlagf xfdf| 3/fo;L sfdx¿ grNg] xb“' f
o;sf] 7n' f] dxŒj 5 . xfdLn] lkpg] kfgL z'4 / ;kmf ePg eg] cg]sf“} /f]un] cfjm| d0f
u5{g\ . t;y{ ;kmf / z4' kfgLsf] pkof]udf Wofg lbgk' b5{ .

;fd'bflos ko| fu]

ufp“ / ;x/df ePsf ;fjh{ lgs :yn, dlGb/, ljBfno, c:ktfn, xf6] n, clkm; / af6f3] f6f]
sf] ;/;kmfO ug{ kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb5{  . o;nfO{ kfgLsf] ;fdb' flos ko| fu] elgG5 .

cfB} fl] us pkofu]

ljleGg pBfu] tyf snsf/vfgfx¿ rnfpg klg kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . sfuh,
un}“rf, sk8f, k]o kbfy{ / lrgL agfpg] h:tf pBf]ux¿nfO{ t emg\ w/] } kfgLsf]
cfjZostf kb5{  .

sl[ if pkof]usf nflu

xfdLnfO{ sl[ if sfdsf nflu klg kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb5{  . vt] df l;r“ fO ug,{ ufOj{ :tn' fO{
vj' fpg, dT:okfngsf nflu kf]v/Ldf /fVg kfgL geO{ xb'“ }g . oLafxs] 3/ agfpg, cfuf]
lgefpg, ljB't\ zlSt lgsfNg klg xfdLnfO{ kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

kfgLsf] ;f| t] / b"lift x'g] sf/0fx¿

xfdLnfO{ kfgL ljleGg ;f| t] x¿af6 kf| Kt xG' 5 . tLdWo] sg' } ;f| t] sf] kfgL lkpg ofU] o xG' 5 t
sg' } lkpg gxg' ] vfnsf] xG' 5 . xfdL jiff,{ lxp,“ tfn, gbL, ;db' ,| sj' f, Ogf/, dn" , 6o\ a' jn]
cflb ;f| t] x¿af6 kfgL kf| Kt u5f“{} . kfgLnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/n] kfOkx¿ la5o\ fO{ 3/;Dd
Nofpg] k|aGw ul/Psf] xG' 5 . oL ;f| t] x¿af6 kf| Kt xg' ] kfgL lgDg lnlvt sf/0fn] kmf]xf/]
jf b"lift xg' ;S5 M

-s_ kfgLsf] d'xfgglhs} kmfx] f/] ug{], lb;flk;fa ug{,] nu' f wg' ,] ufOj{ :t' r/fpg] /
kmfx] f/] dn} f kmfNg] cflb sfoa{ f6 kfgL bl" ift x'g ;S5 .

50 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

-v_ s'jf tyf Ogf/ 5f]lkPsf] 5g} / To;df w'nf,] kmf]xf]/ kfgL k;]/ jf kfgL lemSg
kmf]xf]/ ef8“ f k|of]u u/d] f klg kfgL b"lift x'G5 .

-u_ kmf]xf]/dn} f, kmf]xf]/ kfgL, 9n cflb kfgLsf] ;f| ]tdf ld;fpgfn] klg kfgL b"lift
x'G5 .

-3_ kfgL /fVg] ef“8fdf kmf]xf]/ xft, kmf]xf]/ ef“8f] 8'afp“bf klg kfgL b"lift x'g
;S5 .

-ª_ oLafx]s kfgL k|ofu] ug{] JolStsf] kmf]xf]/ Jojxf/ / kfgL hDdf ug]{ ef“8f] kmf]xf]/
x'gfn] klg kfgL b"lift xG' 5 .

-r_ b"lift kfgL k|of]u ugf{n] xfdLnfO{ x}hf, h'sf, 6fOkmfO8, emf8fkvfnf h:tf
/fu] x¿ nfUg ;S5g\ . To;} u/L lb;flk;fa / /;fog cflb ldl;Psf] kfgL l;w}
vt] af/Ldf k|of]u ubf{ klg la?jfx¿nfO{ xflg k¥' ofpg] ub{5 . To;}n] xfdLn] ;kmf
/ ;'/lIft kfgL k|ofu] ugk{' b{5 . olb xfdLnfO{ kf| Kt x'g] kfgL bl" ift 5 eg] To;nfO{
z'4 u/L ko| fu] ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . kfgL z4' ug]{ ljleGg tl/sfx¿dWo] pdfn/] k|of]u
ug{' ;ae} Gbf /fd|f] pkfo xf ] . oLafx]s lkmN6/df 5fg/] , Snf]l/g, lAnlrª kfp8/
/fv]/ ;fl] 8; ljlw ckgfP/ klg kfgL z4' ug{ ;lsG5 .

k|ofu] fTds cEof;

ljBfno glhssf kfgLsf] dx' fg cyjf s'jf, Ogf/ jf wf/fsf] ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cjnfs] g ug{ nufO{ kfgL ;/' lIft /fVg] pkfox¿ n]v/] Nofpg
lbgz{] g lbg'xf];\ .

7f;] kmf]xf]/dn} f (Solid Waste)

xfd|f] 3/df k|ofu] u//] af“sL /x]sf sfd gnfUg] j:tx' ¿, pBf]uwGbfaf6 Çof“lsPsf
j:tx' ¿, vt] af/Laf6 pTkflbt Çofl“ sg] j:tx' ¿ cflbnfO{ 7f;] kmfx] f/] dn} f elgG5 . s;n} ]
sfd gnfUg] egL kmfn]sf] j:t' csfn{] fO{ sfd nfUg] klg xg' ;S5 . tL j:t'x¿ sRrf
kbfy{sf ¿kdf klg k|of]u x'g ;S5g\ . h:t} M Knfl:6s, sfuh, kmnfdsf 6j' m| f cflb 
kmfN5f“} t/ kl5 ltg} j:tx' ¿ ;DalGwt sf/vfgfx¿df w/] } k;} fdf laS5g \ . To:t} t/sf/L
s]nfp“bf lg:s]sf af]j|mf tyf emf/kftnfO{ ls;fgn] sDkf]:6 dn agfpg ko| fu] u5g{  \ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 51

kmf]xf/] d}nfsf k|sf/

!= h}ljs kmf]xf/] (Organic Waste)

h}ljs kmfx] f]/ eGgfn] s'lxP/ hfg] kbfy{ eGg] a‰' gk' b5{  . o;df vf; u/]/ la?jf,
emf/kft, df6f,] d/s] f hgfj/, cGg / vfgs] /' f cflb kb5{ g \ . hl} js kbfyn{ fO{ Ps 7fpd“ f
hDdf u//] a]nfa]nfdf cf]N6fO kN6fO{ sDkf]:6 dn agfpg ;lsG5 . csf]{ cyd{ f eGbf
ltg} hl} js kbfy{af6 g} df6f] aG5 .

@= chl} js kmf]xf/] (Inorganic Waste)

ch}ljs kmfx] f/] eGgfn] gsl' xg] kbfy{ a'lemG5 . gs'lxg] kbfyx{ ¿dWo] sltnfO{ xfdL k'gM
ko| f]u ug{ ;S5f} “ . l;;L / a6\6fx¿ 3/fo;L sfddf k|ofu] ul/G5 . emq' f n'ufx¿af6
gof“ rs6L / 8:gf agfpg ;lsG5 . Psrfl] 6 k|of]u ul/;ss] f] kf]lnlyg emfn] f ;kmf
u//] gkmf6];Dd ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 t/ sg' } s'g} chl} js kbfy{ kg' M k|ofu] ug{ ;lsb“ }g .
Rofts] f kf]lnlyg emf]nf, km'6s] f l;;L, s'lRrPsf a66\ fx¿, l:6nsf km'6]sf ef8“ fx¿,
ufNg g;lsg] Knfl:6s, Knfl:6s ldl;Psf] sfuh cflb k'gM ko| fu] ug{ ;ls“bg} . tLdWo]
sfuh, sk8f, kmnfd, l;;L, Knfl:6s, kf]lnlyg cflbnfO{ sf/vfgfdf nu]/ km]l/ gof“
;fdfg agfpg ;lsG5 .

o;/L x]bf{ s'g} klg kmfNt' j:tn' fO{ kmfx] f/] d}nfs} ¿kdf glnO{ To;sf] dxŒj a'‰g
;s]df dfq klg 7f]; kmfx] f]/dn} fsf] ;d:of hl6n xg' kfpb“ g}  .

kmfx] f]/dn} fsf ;|f]tx¿ (Source of Waste)

efG5faf6 lg:sg] kmfx] f/]

efG5faf6 w]/} kmfx] f]/dn} f lg:sG5g \ . efG5faf6 lg:sg] j:t'x¿df t/sf/Lsf afj] m| fx¿,
t/sf/L s]nfP/ lg:s]sf kbfy,{ lau|]sf jf af;L vfgf, v/fgL, t/sf/L d'7f kf/s] f]
k/fn, kfs] f] kf/]/ NofPsf] sfuh, emf]nf, w'nf] cflb xg' \ . oL j:tx' ¿nfO{ hyfefjL
kmfn]df kmf]xf]/dn} fsf ¿kdf /xG5g\ .

3/af6 lg:sg] cGo kmf]xf]/

efG5faf6 afxs] 3/sf cGo 7fp“af6 klg kmfNt' j:t'x¿ lg:sG5g \ . kmf6]sf nu' fkmf6f,
sfuh, l;;fsnd tf5]/ lg:s]sf] w'nf,] a6\6f, l;;Lx¿, dfs'/fsf] hfnf,] df6f], cGo
wn' f] cflb 3/af6 lg:sg] kmfNt' kmf]xf/] x¿ x'g\ .

52 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

3/aflx/af6 lg:sg] kmfx] f/]

la?jf, emf/kft, df6f,] O6“ f / 9'ª\ufsf 6'jm| fx¿, afn'jf, w'nf], d/]sf hgfj/x¿,
xf6 ahf/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/x¿ cflb 3/aflx/ lg:sg] kmfNt' j:t'x¿ x'g\ .

ljBfnoaf6 lg:sg] kmfx] f/]

ljBfnoaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf/] j:t'x¿df dV' otof sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿, l;;fsndsf] wn' f,]
la:s'6, kfp/f6] L, rfprfpsf] vfn] cflb x'g\ . vfhf vfb“ f v]/ uPsf] Knfl:6s tyf
rssf] wn' f] klg kmf]xf/] x¿ x'g\ . oL ljleGg ;|ft] x¿af6 sfd gnfUg] kmf]xf/] j:t'x¿
lg:sG5g\ h;nfO{ hyfefjL kmfNg] u/]df kmfx] f/] dn} f y'lkG| 5 .

kmfx] f/] dn} faf6 x'g] xflg

-s_ kmfx] f/] dn} f htftt} kmfNgfn] jftfj/0f czf]egLo b]lvg] / ugfpg] x'G5 .

-v_ b'u{Gwsf] yk' f| ]df lem“uf eGs]/ lemu“ fn] kmf]xf]/df /xs] f sL6f0fn' fO{ ljleGg 7fpd“ f
;f/L /fu] km}nfOlbG5 .

-u_ kmfx] f]/dn} f kfgLdf kmfNgfn] kfgL b"lift x'g] x'“bf To:tf] kfgLsf] ko| fu] af6 xfdLnfO{
kfgLaf6 ;g]{ ljleGg /f]ux¿ nfUg ;S5 .

-3_ klxnf klxnf kmfx] f]/d}nfnfO{ hnfpg' /fd|f] dflgGYof] t/ cfh cfP/ kmfx] f/] d}nf
tyf Knfl:6sx¿ hnfpgfn] jfo'd08ndf sfaf{g] sf] dfqf a9\g uO{ jftfj/0f
b"lift agfpg] s/' f w]/}n] a‰' g yfns] f 5g\ .

kmfx] f]/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ pkfox¿

kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ ckgfpg' pko'St x'G5 M

-s_ kmf]xf]/dn} fnfO{ ;s];Dd sd ugk{' 5{ . k;ndf ;fdfg lsGg hfb“ f cfÇg} ef8“ f]
of emf]nf lnP/ hfgk' 5{, h;n] ubf{ k;nn] ] ;fdfg kfs] f kfl/lbg] sfuh tyf
emfn] f xfd|f] 3/df cfpg kfp“b}g / kmf]xf/] a9b\ }g .

-v_ sx] L kmfx] f]/ j:t'nfO{ k'gM ko| f]u ug'{k5 { . Psrfl] 6 k|ofu] ul/;s]sf] kf]lnlyg
emf]nfnfO{ ;kmf u/]/ kml] / k|ofu] df Nofpg' / n]lv;s]sf] sfkLnfO{ emf]nf jf
vfd agfO{ k;ndf kfs] f] kfg{ k|of]u ug'{ kg' M ko| f]usf pbfx/0f xg' \ . To:t} u/L

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 53

xlnS{ ;sf] l;;LnfO{ d;nf tyf l3p, t]n, bfn cflb /fVg ko| f]u ug'{ cyjf l6gsf]
a66\ fnfO{ snd /fVg] ef8“ fsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ of cGo ;fdfg /fVg] agfpg'
cflb klg kg' M k|of]usf pbfx/0f xg' \ . hl} js j:t'x¿nfO{ hDdf u//] sDkf:] 6
dn agfpg klg ;lsG5 .

-u_ sfuh, Knfl:6s, l;;f, kmnfd / PNdfl] godsf j:tx' ¿ 3fn] /] sf/vfgfdf gof“ j:t'
agfpg ;lsG5 . sltko j:tx' ¿ cnu cnu 7fpd“ f hDdf ul//fvd] f tL j:tx' ¿
sjf8Lx¿n] tfn} sf cfwf/df jf Psdi' 6 k;} f lbO{ nh} fG5g \ / ;bk' ofu] xG' 5 .

-3_ afSnf a:tLx¿ tyf ;x/L Ifq] sf 3/x¿af6 lgl:sPsf kmfx] f/] hyfefjL af6fd] f
kmfNgx' b“' g} . To;nfO{ sG6g] / jf kmfx] f/] kmfNg tfl] sPsf] 7fpd“ f dfq kmo\ fS“ gk' b5{ .

k|of]ufTds cEof;

plNnlvt pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;sd] f xfdf| ] jftfj/0fdf /xs] f 7f;] kmfx] f/] dn} fx¿df
sdL cfp5“  . o;af6 jftfj/0f :jR5 b]lvg'sf ;fy} dfgj hLjgdf klg :j:ys/
afgLsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .

ljBfno tyf ljBfno j/k/sf kmfx] f/] x¿ ;ª\sng u/L hl} js / chl} js kmfx] f]/
5'6o\ fO{ kmfx] f]/ j:t' s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 < lzIfsn] k|bzg{ u/L bv] fpg] /
ljBfyL{nfO{ klg ug{ nufpg] ugx{' f;] \ .

lb;flk;fasf] plrt ka| Gw

gk] fn h:tf] ljsf;fG] dv' dn' s' df a:g] clwsfz+ hgtfnfO{ c1fga; /fu] nfUg
;S5 . c1fgn] nfUg] /f]u egs] f] emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, h'sf cflb xg'  \ . oL k6] ;DaGwL
/fu] vf; u//] lb;flk;fasf] plrt ka| Gw gubf{ kml} nG5g \ . t/sf/L af/Ldf dnsf] ¿kdf
lb;flk;fa hyfefjL k|ofu] ubf{, kfgLdf hyfefjL lb;flk;fa ubf{ / v'nf 7fpd“ f lb;f
lk;fa ubf{ k]6;DaGwL /f]ux¿ ljleGg dfWod -vfgf, kfgL, lem“uf_ af6 Ps JolStaf6
csf]{ JolStdf ;b{5g \ . o;/L hyfefjL lb;flk;fa ugf{n] jftfj/0f bl" ift / bu' l{ Gwt
aGg'sf ;fy} o;af6 k6] ;DaGwL ljleGg /fu] kml} nP/ :jf:Yodf g/fdf| ] c;/ kb{5 .
hyfefjL lb;f u/s] f] 7fp“ x]bf{ klg czfe] gLo bl] vG5 . rkLd{ f lb;flk;fa ug{' plrt
k|aGwsf] pkfo xf] . dflg; ljjs] zLn kf| 0fL ePsfn] rkL{df dfq lb;f lk;fa u5g{ \ .

54 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

;/' lIft tl/sfn] lb;flk;fa ug{ agfOPsf] 7fpn“ fO{ rkL{ elgG5 . rkL{ w/] } ks| f/sf
x'G5g\ . rkL{ h:tf];'s} eP klg ;kmf xg' k' b{5 . rkL{ eP/ dfq x'“bg} To;nfO{ ;w}“ ;kmf
/fVgk' b5{ . lb;flk;fa ubf{ ;w“} rkL{sf] k|ofu] ug{k' b{5 . rkL{sf] k|of]u ubf{ lgDglnlvt
pkfo ckgfpg ;s] rkL{ ;kmf / ;/' lIft xG' 5 M

-s_ lb;f a:g'eGbf klxn] kfgL tof/ kfg{'k5{ / lb;f a:g] Kofg -pan_ nfO{ kfgLn]
lehfpgk' 5 { . o;f] u/]df lb;f Kofgdf 6f“l;“b}g / ;lhn} aufpg ;lsG5 .

-v_ lb;f ul/;sk] l5 kfgLn] /fd|/L aufOlbgk' b5{  .
-u_ rkL{ cfwl' gs vfnsf] 5}g of ;]jf rflxg] vfnsf] 5 eg] lb;f ul/;s]kl5 5f]Kg]

jf kg' ]{ ug{k' 5{  .
-3_ lk;fa ul/;s]kl5 klg bu' {Gw gcfcf;] \ egL kfgLn] aufOlbgk' b{5 .
-ª_ an] f an] fdf a;| n] Kofg ;kmf ug{'kb{5 .
-r_ lb;f ul/;sk] l5 v/fgL kfgL cyjf ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd/| L xft w'g'kb5{  .

k|ofu] fTds cEof;

lb;f u/]kl5 ;xL tl/sfn] ;fa'g jf v/fgL kfgLn] xft wg' ] tl/sf l;sfpgx' f];\ .

;f/fz+

xfd|f] jl/kl/ /x]sf ljleGg h}ljs tyf ch}ljs kbfy{x¿sf] :j:y cj:yfnfO{ g}
jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo elgG5 .
kfgLdf ljleGg /f;folgs kbfyx{ ¿, kmf]xf]/, ;"Id hLjf0fx' ¿, wn' f] ldl;Pdf / kfgL
k|ofu] ug{] ef8“ fx¿ kmf]xf/] ePdf kfgL bl" ift x'G5 .
kfgL z'4 /fVg kfgLsf] dx' fg, Ogf/, sj' f ;kmf /fVg'kb5{ . kfgL k|ofu] ug{] ef“8fx¿
klg ;kmf x'gk' b{5 .
kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;a}eGbf klxn] kmf]xf]/ j:t' g} sd pTkGg
ugk{' 5{ . s'lxg] vfnsf h}ljs kmfx] f]/x¿ 56' \ofP/ vfN8fd] f k/' L sDkf]:6 dn agfpg]
/ gs'lxg] eP lajm| L ug{] jf tf]lsPsf] 7fp“df nu]/ kmfNg] jf k'g]{ ug{'kb{5 .
vn' f 7fpd“ f lb;flk;fa ugx'{ “'b}g . rkL{df lb;flk;fa ug]{ afgL a;fNg'kb5{ . rkL{nfO{
;w}“ ;kmf /fVg'kb{5 .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 55

cEof;

!= ;xL pQ/df -√_ lrx\g nufpm M

-s_ tnsf dWo] sg' rflx“ hl} js kmf]xf/] xf] <
-c_ efG;faf6 lgl:sPsf] Knfl:6s -cf_ efG;faf6 lgl:sPsf] sl' xg] j:t'
-O_ efG;faf6 lgl:sPsf] gs'lxg] j:t' -O{_ km' 6s] f l;;f tyf kmnfdsf

6j' |mfx¿
-v_ kfgL z'4 kfg{] ;ae} Gbf pŒfd tl/sf tnsf dWo] sg' xf] <
-c_ lkmN6/ ug]{ -cf_ 5fGg]
-O_ pdfNg] -O_{ kfgL /fVg] ef8“ f ;kmf /fVg]
-u_ tnsf dWo] s'g rflx“ /f]u b"lift kfgL vf“bf nfUbg} <
-c_ emf8fkvfnf -cf_ xh} f
-O_ hs' f -O_{ lgdfl] gof
-3_ 3/af6 lg:sg] kmfx] f/] dn} fnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{] ;ae} Gbf pTtd tl/sf sg' xf] <
-c_ hnfP/ gi6 ug]{ -cf_ vt] af/Ldf uf8g\ ]
-O_ kmf]xf/] sf dfu 36fpg]
-O{_ kmf]xf/] sf] k|sl[ tcg;' f/ Joj:yfkgsf] tl/sf ckgfpg]
-ª_ lb;f ul/;s]kl5 kfgL xfn/] rkL{ ;kmf /fVg'kg{] kd| v' sf/0f s] xf] <
-c_ b'uG{ w gxf;] \ eg]/ -cf_ lemu“ f geGsg' \ eg/]
-O_ emf8fkvfnf h:tf /f]ux¿ gnfu'g\ eg/] -O_ rkL{ ;kmf /fVg

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] clt 5f6] f] pQ/ b]pm M

-s_ kfgL b"lift x'gfn] s'g s'g /f]ux¿ nfU5g\ < /fu] sf] gfd n]v .

56 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

-v_ kfgLnfO{ z4' ug{ ;ae} Gbf pŒfd pkfo sg' xf] <
-u_ hl} js kmfx] f]/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-3_ kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;ae} Gbf pŒfd pkfo s'g xf] <
-ª_ Knfl:6s h:tf kmf]xf/] dn} f hnfp“bf s] a]kmfObf xG' 5, nv] .

#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f6] f] pŒf/ n]v M

-s_ jftfj/0fn] xfdf| ] :jf:Yodf s] s] k|efj kf5{ <
-v_ xfdL sg' s'g sfdsf nflu kfgLsf] k|of]u u5f{“} <
-u_ kfgL b"lift xg' ] sf/0fx¿ nv] .
-3_ 3/df kfgL ;/' lIft /fVg s] s] pkfox¿ ckgfpg'k5{ <
-ª_ efG;faf6 lg:sg] sg' } b;cf6] f kmfNt' j:t'x¿sf gfd nv]  .
-r_ h}ljs kmfx] f/] nfO{ s;/L tx nufpg ;lsG5 < nv] .
-5_ kmfx] f/] d}nf hnfpb“ f x'g] a]kmfObfx¿ n]v .
-h_ kmfNt' j:t' kg' M k|of]u ePsf s'g} kf“rcf6] f pbfx/0fx¿ nv]  .

-em_ rkL{ ;kmf ug{ s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 <

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 57

;'/Iff tyf k|fylds pkrf/ *kf7

(Safety and Frist Aid)

kl/ro (Introduction)

;8s b'36{ gf s[lqd Zjf;kZ| jf;

;'/Iff eGgfn] b'36{ gfx¿af6 aRg ckgfOg] ljleGg pkfox¿ x'g\ . o;nfO{ arfp
klg elgG5 . xfdL ;8sdf xfl] ;of/ eP/ lx“8]gf}“ eg] ;jf/L b3' 6{ gfdf kg{ ;S5f“} .
To:t} xf]l;of/;fy sfd gubf{ s/]G6 nfUg,] cfuf]n] kfN] g,] ?v, /]lnª tyf e¥ofªaf6
v:g,] le/af6 n8\g], ;k{n] 8:g] / xf]l;of/;fy gv]Nbf n8g\ ], rf6] k6s nfUg] h:tf
cgs] f}“ b'36{ gfx¿df kg{ ;lsG5 . xfdLn] ;ts{tf ckgfof}“ eg] o:tf b3' 6{ gfx¿ x'g
kfpb“ }gg\ . o;/L 3/, af6f,] ljBfno, v]Ng] rp/df ;tst{ f ckgfpg' g} ;'/Iff cyjf
arfp xf] . o;/L ljleGg lj|mofsnfkx¿ ubf{ lzIfs jf cleefjssf] lgbz{] gcg';f/
ug'k{ b{5 / cfkm" klg xf]l;of/ x'gk' b{5 .

3/df ;/' Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg] tl/sf

-s_ efG;fdf rSs,' r'n“];L, ;nfO,{ nfO6/ h:tf j:t' s6] fs6] Lx¿n] ge]66\ fpg] 7fpd“ f
/fVgk' b{5 .

-v_ t/sf/L sf6\bf, vfgf ksfp“bf, gx' fp“bf, 3/sf sfd ubf{ ;rt] x'gk' 5{ .

-u_ 3/sf] wf/f, gx' fpg] 7fp“ (bathroom), rkL{ (toilet) cflb 7fpx“ ¿ lrKnf] agfpg'
x'b“ }g . ;fy} lgoldt ¿kdf ;/;kmfO u//] ;kmf /fVg] ugk'{ b5{ .

58 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

-3_ emo\ fndf lun| / e¥ofªdf /l] nª /fVgk' b{5 .

-ª_ ljiffbL cfi} fwL tyf cGo cf}ifwLx¿ s]6fs]6Lx¿n] ge6] \6fpg] 7fp“df /fVg'kb5{ .

-r_ lahn' L aŒfL h8fg ubf{ /fdf| ] tl/sfaf6 h8fg ugk{' b5{ , l:jrx¿ aRrfn] ge6] 6\ fpg]
u/L agfpgk' b5{ .

-5_ 3/jl/kl/ kf]v/L tyf kfgL hDg] vfN8fx¿ eP k'g]{ jf af/ nufP/ ;/' lIft
kfg'{kb{5 .

-h_ ufp“ 3/lt/ kzs' f] cfxf/ tyf vfn] x] ¿ tof/ ubf{ ;/' lIft 9ªu\ n] tof/ kfg{] / 5fk] /]
/fVg] Joj:yf ugk'{ b{5 .

af6f] tyf ;8sdf ;/' Iff ckgfpg] tl/sf

-s_ ;8sdf lx“8\bf laraf6 glx8“ L k6] L jf 5]paf6 lx“8g\ 'kb5{ .

-v_ ;8sdf lx8“ \bf ;fOsn, df6] /;fOsn / df]6/nfO{ af6f] 5f8] ]/ lx“8g\ 'k5{ .

-u_ ;8ssf] af6f] sf6\bf cufl8 tyf k5fl8 x]/]/ h]a|f j|m; jf af6f] sf6\g]
;ªs\ ]t ePsf] 7fp“af6 sf6g\ k' b5{ . cfsf;] kn' jf hldgdl' g (subway) af6f]
sf6g\ ] Joj:yf eP ;fx] L 7fpa“ f6 dfq af6f] sf6g\ k' b{5 .

-3_ ofqf ubf{ a;sf] 9fs] fdf em' lG8g' xb“' g} . a;sf] 5tdf ofqf ug{' xb“' g} . aRrfx¿nfO{
df6] /;fOsnsf] ofqf ug{ lg?T;flxt ugk{' b5{ .

-ª_ le/sf] af6f], hªu\ nsf] af6f,] vfn] f tbf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ .

ljBFnodf ;'/Iff ckgfpg] tl/sfx¿

-s_ sIffsf7] f, vn] db} fg / af6f] lx8“ b\ f hyfefjL rsrs ug{' xb“' g} . pkm| g,' sb' g\ '
xb“' g} .

-v_ sIff sf7] fdf 6a] 'n, aG] r / 8]:sdf 6]s]/ lx8“ \g' tyf s'b\g' x'“bg} .

-u_ v]nd}bfgdf vfN8fv'N8L eP k'g'{k5{ . 9'ªu\ fx¿ / Knfl:6sx¿ ;kmf ug'{kb{5 .

-3_ v]n vN] bf lgodfg';f/ vN] g] tyf v]nfpg] ugk'{ b{5 .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 59

-ª_ emo\ fnaf6 / e¥ofªaf6 v:g] ;Defjgf ePsfn] /]lnªsf] Joj:yf ugk{' 5{ . o:tf
7fpd“ f rNg' x'b“ }g . la:tf/} nfOgdf lx“8g\ ' tyf lx“8fpg'kb{5 .

-r_ ljBfno glhs vfn] fx¿, kf]v/Lx¿, gx/x¿ eP ljzi] f Wofg lbgk' 5{ jf To:tf
7fpd“ f hfg glbg k|l] /t ugk'{ b{5 .

kf| ylds pkrf/ (First Aid)

vn] v]Nbf, sfd ubf{ / af6f] lx“8b\ f xfl] ;of/L gugfn{ ] tyf sltko cj:yfdf xf]l;of/L
ckgfp“bf ckgfp“b} klg ljleGg b3' 6{ gfx¿df kg{ ;lsG5 . o;/L b3' {6gfdf k/s] f]
an] f 3fOtn] fO{ :Jff:Yo rfs} L tyf c:ktfn k'¥ofpg' cufl8 36gf:yndf g} (on the spot)
ul/g] ;xofu] nfO{ kf| ylds pkrf/ elgG5 . o;/L 36gf:ynddf g} ul/g] kf| ylds pkrf/n]
3fOt]nfO{ ;fGTjgf ldNg] / p;sf] cj:yf cem lau|gaf6 hf]ufO{ :jf:Yo cj:yf ;w' f/
ug{ tyf sltko cj:yfdf Hofg ;dt] hfu] fpg ;lsG5 .

sx] L b'36{ gfsf k|fylds pkrf/ ug]{ tl/sfx¿

3fp (Wound)

sg' } klg sf/0fn] z/L/sf] 5fnf tyf df;' Kjfn k//] , lalu|P/ kfs]sf] cj:yfnfO{ 3fp
elgG5 . ;fgfltgf 3fpx¿nfO{ ;w“} c:ktfn nfg ;Dej klg gx'g] / o:tf 3fpx¿nfO{
Vofn gu/]df hl6ntf a9g\ ] xb'“ f kf| ylds pkrf/sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . 3fpx¿nfO{
lgDglnlvt tl/sfaf6 kf| ylds pkrf/ ugk{' b{5 M

-s_ ;fag' kfgLn] /fd/| L xft ;kmf u/L la/fdLnfO{ ;lhnf] cj:yfdf a;fNg]

-v_ 3fp ;kmf ubf{ ;kmf sk8fsf 6j' |mfx¿ jf ;kmf pdfn]sf] kfgLdf ¿jf lehfP/
3fpsf] d'vlt/af6 aflx/lt/ tfg]/ ;kmf ug]{ . sk8f jf ¿jfnfO{ w]/} cf6] f 6'jm| f
agfP/ Ps Ps u/]/ ;kmf ug]{

-u_ 3fpnfO{ ;kmf ul/;sk] l5 ;V' vf agfP/ sk8fsf] k66\ L jf tof/L k6\6Lsf] k|ofu]
u//] xNsf s;/] gb'Vg] u/L af“w]/ w'nf] tyf lemu“ fx¿ a:g glbg] agfpg]

-3_ Ps lbg la/fP/ b'O{ jf tLg k6s ;kmf ubf{ klg l7s geP :jf:Yo rfs} L jf
c:ktfn nh} fg] Joj:yf ug]{

60 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

/St;f| j (Bleeding)

dfgj z/L/sf /StgnLx¿ ljleGg sf/0faf6 sfl6P/, RofltP/ jf km' 6/] /ut aflx/
cfpg] kl| jm| ofnfO{ /St;f| j elgG5 . z/L/af6 w/] } /ut aflx/ uPdf dflg; sdhf/] xg' s' f
;fy} dT[ o' klg x'g ;S5 . To;}n] /St;f| jnfO{ /f]Sg lgDglnlvt tl/sf ckgfpgk' b5{ M

-s_ 3fOtn] fO{ ;/' lIft 7fpd“ f a;fpg] jf ;'tfpg]

-v_ z/L/df ;fgf] 3fp eP/ /St;|fj ePdf ;kmf xTs]nf jf a9' Lcfn}“ fn] % b]lv !)
ldg]6;Dd lyr/] /St;|fj aGb ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L xftn] lyr]/ g/f]lsg] vfnsf]
/St;|fj ePdf ;kmf sk8fsf] k66\ L agfO{ 3fpnfO{ xNsf s;/] af“Wg] . o;/L
k6\6L af“Wbf /ut aus] f] l7s dfly kg]{ u/L afW“ g]

-u_ o;/L k66\ L af“Wbf klg g/f]lsPdf k66\ L gvf]nL csf]{ k6\6L yKg] . olb xft jf
v'6\6fsf] rf]6 eP 3fpnfO{ d6' 'sf] ;txeGbf dfly kf//] /ut aUg /f]Sg] kl| jm| of
ckgfpg]

-3_ w/] } 7'nf] 3fp eP/ /St;|fj ePsf] eP /ut aUg] sfo{ /fS] b} t'?Gt} c:ktfn
nh} fg] Joj:yf ug{]

gfyL| km' 6\g' (Nosal Bleeding)

gfsdf rf6] nfUbf, gfs ;V' vf xb“' f tyf pRr /St rfk OToflb sf/0fn] gfyf| ] km' 6L gfsaf6
/ut aUgn' fO{ gfyf| ] km' 6g\ ' elgG5 . gfyf| ] km' 6g\ ' ;fdfGo kl| jm| of xf] . of] sx] L ;dodf cfkm}“
/f]lsG5 t/ slxns] fxL“ w]/} /ut au]/ 7n' f] c;/ klg kg{ ;S5 . To;n} ] k|fylds
pkrf/ ug{' /fd|f] x'G5 . gfy|f] km' 6b\ f ckgfOg] k|fylds pkrf/x¿ M

-s_ gfy|f] km' 6]sf] JolStnfO{ xrnr ug{ glbO{ l:y/ ¿kdf a;fNg'k5{ .

-v_ 3fOts] f] 6fpsf] cufl8lt/ em' sfpg nufO{ al' 9cfn“} f / rf/] cfn“} fn] gfssf] Kjfn
aGb xg' ] u/L sl/a !) ldg6] hlt lyr/] dv' af6 Zjf; kmg] { nufO{ /ut /fS] g] ko| Tg
ugk{' b5{ .

-u_ 3fOts] f] 6fpsf] k5fl8lt/ kfg{'x“b' g} . 6fpsf] k5fl8lt/ kf/d] f /ut gfssf] leqL
efudf hDg] jf /ut kmfS] ;f]df uP/ ;d:of pTkGg xg' ] vt/f x'G5 .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 61

-3_ b; ldg]6;Dd klg /ut g/f]lsPdf t?' Gt bIf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ jf c:ktfn nh} fg]
Joj:yf ug{k' b5{ .

sf8“ f jf rSs'n] 5fnf 5]8g\ '

ljleGg sfdx¿ ubf{ sf“8f laem\g] jf rSs'n] 5]8L /ut aUg] h:tf b3' 6{ gfx¿ x'G5g\ .
To:t} sltko eme} mu8fdf klg rSs' ko| fu] xg' ] vt/f xG' 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf lgDglnlvt
tl/sfåf/f k|fylds pkrf/ ug{k' b{5 M

-s_ z/L/sf] ljleGg efudf sf8“ f laem] df ;fe] m} jf l;ofs] f] ;xfotf lnP/ sf8“ f
lemSgk' b5{ . olb /ut au]df xftn] lyr]/ jf k66\ Lsf] ko| fu] u/]/ /St ;f| j
/f]Sg'kb5{ .

-v_ ;fdfGo tl/sfn] rSsn' ] sf6d] f klg xftn] lyr/] jf k6\6Lsf] k|of]u u/]/ /St;f| j
/fS] gk' b{5 .

-u_ olb rSs' z/L/leq ufl8Psf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ lgsfNg'x“b' }g a? To;sf] jl/kl/
;kmf sk8f jf k6\6L af“w]/ /St;f| j /f]Sg] k|of; ub}{ hlt ;Sbf] rf“8f] c:ktfn
jf :jf:Yo sG] bd| f nh} fg] Joj:yf ug'k{ b5{ .

axn' f ss' '/n] 6fS] g' (Dog bite)

slxn]sfxL“ lagfsf/0f ss' /' jf :ofn jf cGo hgfj/sf] 6f]sfOdf kg{ ;lsG5 . tL
hgfj/x¿ ax'nfPsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . axn' fPsf] s's/' n] 6f]s]df /l] ah eGg] /fu]
nfU5 . o:tf] s's'/n] 6f]s]df t?' Gt} pkrf/ ugk{' b{5 . gq dflg;sf] d[To' xG' 5 . axn' f
ss' /' n] 6fs] d] f lgDgfg;' f/ kf| ylds pkrf/ ugk'{ b5{ M

-s_ oyf ;Dej l56f] 6fs] s] f] 3fpnfO{ ;fag' kfgLn] ;kmf ug'{kb5{ .

-v_ 3fpdf k6\6L af“Wg'kb5{ .

-u_ 6fS] g] ss' /' axn' f 7x/d] f jf zªs\ f nfud] f c:ktfn uO{ /l] ahlj?4 ;O' { nufpgk' b5{ .

-3_ 3/kfn'jf, /]lahlj?4 vfk] nufPsf] cyjf gaxn' fPsf] s's'/n] 6fS] bf ;O' { gnufpg'
g} /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

62 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

kfgLdf 8'Ag' (Drowning)

;fdfGotM kf8} g\ ghfGg] JolSt ulx/f] kfgL ePsf] 7fp“ h:t} M sj' f, Ogf/, tfn,
kfv] /L, vfn] f, gbL cflbdf kg{ uPdf 8A' 5 . o;/L 8A' bf Zjf;dfud{ f kfgL el/G5 h;n]
ubf{ Zjf;kZ| jf; cj?4 eO{ dflg;sf] d[To';dt] x'g ;S5 . o;sf] k|fylds pkrf/
lgDgfg';f/ ug'{kb5{ M
-s_ kfgLdf 8'Ag nfu]sf] JolStnfO{ p4f/ ug{ nfUbf cfkm" 8A' g] ;Defjgf xG' 5 .

To;}n] klxnf cfk"m xfl] ;of/ eO{ 8'as] f] JolStnfO{ nfdf] n7\7L, 8f/] L jf af;“ cflb
;dfpg lbP/ kfgLaf6 aflx/ Nofpgk' b5{ .
-v_ kfgLaf6 aflx/ NofPkl5 kfgL w]/} vfPsf] eP le/fnf] 7fp“df 6fpsfnfO{ tn kf/]/
;'tfO{ leh]sf sk8fx¿ vf]nL Gofgf] kfg'k{ 5{ .
-u_ 3fOt]sf] cj:yf uDeL/ eP t?' Gt} lrlsT;ssf] Joj:yf ug{] jf c:ktfn n}hfg]
ugk{' b5{ .

ko| f]ufTds cEof;

kfgLdf 8a' s] f] JolStnfO{ kf| ylds pkrf/ ug{] tl/sfsf] k|bz{g u/L bv] fpg] /
ug{ klg nufpg'xf];\ .

;f/fz+

b3' 6{ gfaf6 aRg rSs', rn' “;] L, ;nfO{ tyf cfi} fwLx¿ s6] fs]6Lx¿n] ge6] 6\ fpg] 7fpd“ f
/fVg] ugk{' b5{ . wf/f tyf rkL{ ;kmf /fVg,] lahn' L aTtLsf l:jrx¿ s6] fs6] Ln] ge6] 6\ fpg]
7fp“df agfpg] / kfv] /L tyf vfn] fgfnfdf ghfg], af6f] lx8“ b\ f xfl] ;of/ eP/ bfof“
5p] af6 lx8“ \g,] hyfefjL sIff sf]7fdf bf8}“ g\ glbg] ug'{kb{5 .
cfsl:ds b3' {6gfaf6 3fp jf rf6] k6s nfu]df kf| ylds pkrf/ u/L t'?Gt :jf:Yo rf}
sLdf n}hfgk' 5{ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 63

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ v]n d}bfgdf vfN8fv'N8L eP ================================ kb5{ .

-v_ emo\ fn / e¥ofªaf6 afnaflnsfx¿ n8\g] ;Defjgf ePsfn] =================
sf] Joj:yf ug'k{ b5{ .

-u_ c:ktfn k¥' ofpgc' ufl8 ===================================== df g} ul/g] ;j] f jf
;xofu] nfO{ kf| ylds pkrf/ elgG5 .

-3_ axn' f ss' '/n] 6fs] ]df =============================== lj?4 ;O' { nufpgk' b5{ .

-ª_ gfyf| ] km' 6\bf 6fpsf] ==================================== lt/ e'msfO{ gfs ;dfpg
nufP/ kf| ylds pkrf/ ug{k' b5{ .

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] clt 5f6] f] pQ/ b]pm M

-s_ efG;f sf]7fdf b3' {6gfaf6 aRg s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 <

-v_ rSs'n] sf6]/ /St ;|fj eO/xs] f] 3fpnfO{ Ps k6s k66\ L af“Wbf klg /ut
/f]lsPg eg] s] ug'k{ b5{ , nv] .

-u_ kf| ylds pkrf/sf] cy{ Ps jfSodf n]v .

-3_ gfyf| ] km' 6s] f] 3fOt]nfO{ 6fpsf] k5fl8lt/ kmsf{p“bf s]sf] vt/f x'g ;S5,
nv] .

-ª_ rSs' z/L/d} ufl8Psf] cj:yfsf] 3fOt]nfO{ s;/L k|fylds pkrf/
ug'{kb5{ < nv] .

64 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] 5f6] f] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ 3/df ;/' Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg] dV' o tLgcf6] f tl/sfx¿sf] ;r" L agfpm .
-v_ ;8s kf/ ubf{ ckgfOg] tl/sfx¿ s] s] xg' ,\ n]v .
-u_ xft sfl6P/ /St ;f| j ePsf] 3fOtn] fO{ s;/L kf| ylds pkrf/ ugk{' 5,{ nv] .
-3_ gfyf| ] k'm6\bf s;/L k|fylds pkrf/ ub{5f} <
-ª_ kfgLdf 8a' s] f] JolStnfO{ p4f/ ubf{ ckgfOg'kg]{ ;tst{ fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 65

kfl/jfl/s / ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo (kf7

(Familly and Community Health)

kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo (Family Health)

Pp6} 3/df a:g,] Pp6} efG5fdf vfgf vfg] / /utsf] ;DaGwn] jw} flgs dfGotf
kfPsf dflg;x¿sf] ;dx" nfO{ kl/jf/ elgG5 . kl/jf/sf ;Dk0" f{ ;b:osf] lg/f]uLkgf,
dn] ldnfk, c;n Jojxf/, ;bu\ 0' f, ;/;kmfO, lzIff, :jf:Yo cflb g} kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo xf] .
kl/jf/df ev/{ } hGd]sf lzz', ljBfno pd]/sf afnaflnsf, ue{jtL dlxnf, czSt
j[4j4[ f / ckfª\u klg x'g ;S5g\ . logLx¿sf] :jf:Yo /fd|f] kfg{ ;an} ] Wofg lbg'kb5{ .
kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ug{] c;n Jojxf/ tyf dfofn] la/fdL tyf czStx¿nfO{ cfi} fwLeGbf
w/] } dxŒjk0" f{ sfd ub5{ . kl/jf/nfO{ :j:y agfpg w/] } s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' g{] xG' 5 . 3/sf]
;/;kmfO, kf}li6s cfxf/sf] Joj:yf, kl/jf/sf] of]hgf, w"dkfg, dBkfgaf6 ;'/lIft /
xg,] kfl/jfl/s d]nldnfk, dfofk]d| cflb kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yosf dxŒjk0" f{ kIfx¿ xg' \ .
logLx¿sf] 5f]6s/L j0f{g tn ul/Psf] 5 .

;/;kmfO

kl/jf/ :j:y xg' sf nflu ;an} ] JolStut ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbgk' b5{ . df;} dcg;' f/ lgoldt
¿kdf gx' fpg] / gª, cfv“ f, bf“t, skfn, 5fnf tyf ofg} cª\ux¿ ;kmf /fVg] ugk{' b{5 .
3/ cf“ug, efG;f3/, wf/f, rkL{ cflbsf] klg plrt ¿kdf ;/;kmfO ugk{' b5{ . o;/L
plrt ¿kdf ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lb“bf ljleGg ;?jf /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . ;/;kmfO
Pp6f ;Eo kl/jf/sf] ljz]iftf klg xf] .

kf}li6s cfxf/sf] Joj:yf

kfl/jfl/s :jf:YocGtu{t Wofg lbg'kg{] csf]{ dxŒjk0" f{ s/' f kfl} i6s cfxf/sf] Joj:yf
xf] . z/L/sf] plrt ljsf;sf nflu, z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbg / /fu] x¿af6 aRgsf nflu
xfdLn] cfkmg\ f] cfDbfgL / pTkfbgcg;' f/sf kf}li6s vfgs] /' fx¿ vfg'kb5{ . eft, /f]6L,
l9“8f,] bfn, u]8fu8' L, xl/of] ;fu;AhL, df;,' b'w, df;} dcg';f/sf xl/of] ;fu;AhLx¿

66 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

/ kmnk"mnx¿ vfgk' b5{ . ePsf] a]nf df;' dfq vfg] / gePsf] a]nf eft dfq vfg]
ugfn{ ] vfgfdf ;Gt'ng xb'“ }g . To:t} af;L tyf ;8]uns] f vfgf vfg,] k;ndf kfOg]
sd u0' f:t/sf rfprfp, rsn]6, ld7fO{ h:tf s'/fn] :jf:Yodf g/fd|f] c;/ kfb5{ .
To;}n] cfkmg\ f] 3/df pknAw vfgs] /' fx¿ -h:t} M eft, /f6] L, ds}, e6df;, bxL, bw' ,
;fu;AhL, cG8f_ nfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbgk' b{5 . vfgf ;w“} tfhf / ;kmf xg' k' 5{ .

w"dkfg, dBkfg / nfu' kbfy;{ “u ;tst{ f

sltko dflg;n] wd" kfg tyf dBkfg u/]sf] bv] s] f 5f}“ . w"dkfgn] SofG;/ h:tf] 8/
nfUbf] /fu] nfU5 . To:t} nfuk' bfy{ To;eGbf klg vt/f xG' 5 . o:tf kbfyx{ ¿sf]
;]jgn] xfdLnfO{ ljleGg /f]u nfUg'sf ;fy} ;DklŒf gfz xg' ] / d[To;' d]t lgDTofpg]
ePsfn] o:tf v/fa cfbtaf6 6f9f /xg'kb{5 .

b3' 6{ gfaf6 ;'/lIft /xg]

3/leq tyf aflx/ ljleGg sfd ubf{ tyf lx8“ \bf xfdLx¿ b3' {6gfdf kg{ ;S5f}“ . h:t} M
cfufn] kfN] g,] s/G] 6 nfUg,] wf/f tyf afy ¿ddf lrKn/] n8g\ ,] kfgLdf 8A' g,] ;kn{ ] 6fS] g,]
ax] f;] x'g] cflb . b3' 6{ gfn] wghgsf] Iflt x'g ;S5 . To;n} ] o:tf b'36{ gfx¿ gxg' \ egL
;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpgk' b5{ . xfdL ;a}] b'36{ gfaf6 ;ts{ xg' k' b{5 .

kl/jf/ ofh] gf

kl/jf/nfO{ :j:y agfpg kl/jf/sf] cfsf/n] klg k|efj kfb{5 . cfDbfgLn] wfGg
g;Sg], 7n' f] kl/jf/ eof] eg] kfng kf]if0f, lzIff, :jf:Yodf Wofg lbg ;lsb“ }g .
To;n} ] x/s] bDktLn] Ps cfk;sf] ;Nnfxcg;' f/ dfq cfkmg\ f] cfDbfgL / Ifdtfn] Eofpg]
u/L dfq 5f/] f5f/] Lx¿ hGdfpgk' b5{ .

vf]k

;fgf lzz'x¿ tyf uej{ tL dlxnfnfO{ ljleGg ;?jf /fu] af6 ;'/lIft /fVg :jf:Yo
;:+ yfx¿n] vfk] x¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf xG' 5g\ . kl/jf/sf hfGg] ;G' g] JolStx¿n] o:tf
vf]kx¿ cfkm\gf afnaflnsf tyf uej{ tL dlxnfnfO{ nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .

dfof, kd]| / c;n Jojxf/

bfhe' fO, lbbLalxgL, >Ldfg\ >LdtLlar ad] n] eO{ 3/fo;L emu8fsf sf/0fn] klg JolStut
:jf:YonfO{ g/fdf| ] c;/ kfb5{ . To;n} ] kl/jf/leq ;as} f] c;n :jf:Yosf nflu Psfk;df

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 67

;d' w/' ;DaGw, c;n Jojxf/, dfof, kd]| / OdfGbf/L xg' cfjZos xG' 5 . ;an} ] ldn/] sfd
ug,]{ ;an} ] af“8/] vfg], cfk"meGbf 7'nfnfO{ cfb/ ug{,] ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug]{ h:tf Jojxf/n]
kl/jf/sf] :jf:YonfO{ /fdf| ] kfb{5 .

;fd'bflos :jf:Yo (Community Health)

Pp6f lglZrt ufp“ tyf 6f]ndf a;f]jf; ug{] dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ ;db' fo elgG5 .
;db' fosf] c;n jftfj/0f, /xg ;xg, ;/;kmfO, :jf:Yo ;j] f ;l' jwf, cfi} fwfk] rf/ ;l' jwf,
vn] sb' , Sna, ljBfno tyf k:' tsfno ;'ljwf, z'4 vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;, Ps cfk;df
;xof]u, dn] ldnfk cflb s'/fx¿nfO{ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo elgG5 . oL ;a} kIfx¿sf]
ljsf; / ;bk' of]un] ;d'bfodf a;fj] f; ug{] dflg;x¿sf] :jf:Yo :t/df ;'wf/ cfp“5 .

;fdb' flos :jf:Yosf] dxTTj

;d'bfodf htftt} kmf]xf]/, kb| "if0f, ;/;kmfOdf sdL, wd" kfg, dBkfg tyf nfu'kbfys{ f]
ko| fu] , cGwljZjf;, vn' f rkL{ h:tf s/' fx¿n] ;db' fodf a:g] dflg;x¿sf] :jf:Yodf g/fdf| ]
c;/ kfb5{ . o:tf sdhf/] Lx¿n] ;db' fodf ljleGg ;?jf /fu] x¿ pTkGg xg' ] / dxfdf/L
kmn} g] h:tf ;d:ofx¿ l;hg{ f x'G5g\ . To:t} u/L ;db' fodf wd" kfg, nfu'kbfy{ tyf
dBkfgsf] ;j] g ug{] rngn] klg ;fd'bflos :jf:YonfO{ ljufb{5 . To;} sf/0f ;db' fosf]
:jf:Yo /fdf| ] x'g cfjZos 5 . t/ ;fdb' flos :jf:YonfO{ /fdf| ] agfpg Ps bO' { JolStsf]
ko| f;n] dfq ;Dej xb“' g} . ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO, 9n lgsf;, z'4 vfg]kfgL, ljBfno,
k':tsfno, v]ns'b, Sna, :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] ljsf; u/L ;dfhdf dn] ldnfk, cfk;L
;/;xof]usf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;d'bfosf ;Dk"0f{ JolStx¿sf] ;fd"lxs k|of;
x'gk' b{5 . clg dfq ;d'bfosf ;Dk0" f{ dflg;sf] :jf:Yo :t/df pGglt ug{ ;lsG5 .

;fdb' flos :jf:Yosf ;d:ofx¿ / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿

cGwljZjf; / c1fg

la/fdL kbf{ wfdLemf“j|mL nufpg], bfOhf] k|yf, af]S;Lsf] cf/fk] nufpg,] vfg] tyf nufpg]
s'/fdf t8s e8s / k/Dk/fut rng tyf c1fgn] ;fd'bflos :jf:Yodf klg c;/
kfb{5 . g]kfnsf] ;'b"/klZrdlt/ cfdf, lbbLalxgLx¿ /h:jnf x'“bf uf]7df
a:gk' g,{] 5fpk8L ky| f h:tf ;dfhdf ljBdfg cGwljZjf; / c1fgn] ;fdb' flos :jf:YonfO{
g/fdf| ] c;/ kf/s] f] ;jl{ jlbt} 5 . To;n} ] ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:onfO{ :j:y agfpg o:tf
cGwljZjf; / c1fgtfnfO{ x6fpgk' b5{ .

68 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

wd" kfg, dBkfg / nfuk' bfy{

wd" kfg ;j] gn] SofG;/ h:tf] vt/gfs /fu] pTkGg ub5{ . wd" kfg ;j] g ugn{] fO{ eGbf
5p] df a:g] dlxnf / afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ emg\ w/] } c;/ k¥' ofp5“ . dBkfgsf] ;j] gn]
3/df eme} mu8f pTkGg ug,{] ;DklŒf ;Sg] / ;db' fonfO{ g} g/fd|f] c;/ k'¥ofp5“ eg]
nfuk' bfy{ To;eGbf klg w]/} vt/gfs xG' 5 . Ps k6s nfu'kbfy{sf] bJ' o{;gdf km;k] l5
To;af6 dS' t x'g kf| oM c;Dej h:t} xG' 5 . o;n] ;DklŒfsf] gfz ug]{, ;dfhdf ljs[lt
Nofpg] dfq geO{ dT[ os' f] dv' lt/ wsN] g] sfd ub{5 . t;y{ o:tf v/fa kbfyx{ ¿af6
;d'bfo ;'/lIft /xg'kb5{ .

z4' vfgk] fgLsf] Joj:yf

;d'bfodf vfg]kfgL z4' gePdf 6fOkmfO8, cfp“, h'sf, emf8fkvfnf, x}hf cflb h:tf
;?jf /fu] x¿ nfUg] ;Defjgf ePsfn] z4' vfgk] fgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb5{ .

;/;kmfO tyf kmf]xf/] dn} f Joj:yfkg

afSnf] a:tL tyf ;x/L Ifq] df plrt ¿kdf kmfx] f/] dn} f Joj:yfkg ug{] ka| Gw gePdf ;db' fo
kmfx] f/] xg' ,] bu' l{ Gwt xg' ] / ljleGg /fu] x¿ nfUg] xG' 5 . To;n} ] kmfx] f/] dn} fnfO{ plrt 7fpd“ f
tx nufO{ 9n ;kmf ug{] / ;fjh{ lgs wf/fx¿ tyf rkLx{ ¿sf] ;/;kmfO ug{] ka| Gw ugk{' b5{ .

v]ns'b Sna

vn] s'b x/]s JolStsf] rft} kmL{ ljsf;sf nflu geO{ gx'g] cfwf/et" s'/f xf] . o;n]
JolSt tyf kl/jf/nfO{ dfq xfO] g /fi6s« f] ljsf;sf lgldTt ;dt] ;xof]u k¥' ofp5“ .
vn] s'bn] ;dosf] ;bk' ofu] u/]/ s'ntx¿af6 ;dt] arfpg] tyf dgf/] ~hg lbg] ;fwg
xg' fn] ;db' fodf vn] sb' Snasf] :yfkgf u/L ljleGg vn] sb' x¿ vN] g] Joj:yf ugk{' b5{ .

k|ofu] fTds cEof;

cfkm" a;]sf] 7fpx“ ¿sf] ;/;kmfO ug{ nufO{ pSt sfod{ f :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{
;dt] ;xefuL u/fpgx' f];\ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 69

;f/fz+

kl/jf/sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] cfk;L dn] ldnfk, c;n Jojxf/, c;n vfgf, kl/jf/
ofh] gf, ;/;kmfO, lg/fu] Lkgf tyf :j:ytfsf] cj:yfnfO{ kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo elgG5 .
;db' fodf c;n jftfj/0f, ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO, kmfx] f/] d}nf Joj:yfkg, 9n lgsf;,
z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf, ljBfno, k':tsfno tyf vn] sb' cflbsf] plrt ka| Gwn]
;fdb' flos :jf:Yosf] kl/ro lbG5 . ;db' fodf cGwljZjf;, c1fg, w"dkfg, dBkfg,
nfu' kbfy{sf] k|of]u, hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ tyf b'u{Gw cflb sf/0fn] ;dfhnfO{ /f]uL
agfp5“ . ;fy} c:j:ys/ klg agfp“5 . To;n} ] ;fd'bflos :jf:Yodf hf8] lbgk' 5{ .

cEof;

!= pkoS' t zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ r'/f]6 tyf v}gLsf] ;]jg ug{] afgL ePdf ========= /f]u nfU5 .
-v_ b'36{ gfx¿ gx'g\ eg]/ ckgfOg] pkfonfO{ ========= elgG5 .
-u_ vfg] kfgL cz4' x“'bf ============ /f]u nfU5 .
-3_ nfu'kbfy{sf] ;j] gn] ;DklŒf ;Sgs' f ;fy} =============== ;dt] x'G5 .

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] clt 5f6] f] pQ/ nv] M

-s_ w"dkfgn] s'g /fu] pTkGg u/fp“5 <
-v_ b"lift kfgLaf6 s'g sg' /f]ux¿ nfU5g\ < /fu] x¿sf] gfd nv] .
-u_ dBkfgn] s] xflg k¥' ofp“5 < kd| v' bO' c{ f6] f xflgx¿ nv] .
-3_ ahf/df lsGg kfOg] s:tf s:tf vfg]s'/fx¿n] xfd|f] :jf:YonfO{ xflg

k¥' ofp5“ <

70 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] 5f6] f] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo egs] f] s] xf] <
-v_ kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yosf k|dv' kIfx¿dWo] sg' } kf“rcf6] fsf] gfd nv] .
-u_ ;fdb' flos :jf:Yo egs] f] s] xf] <
-3_ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yosf kd| v' kIfx¿ s] s] xg' ,\ nv] .
-ª_ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yosf dxŒj s] s] x'g,\ n]v .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 71

zf/Ll/s lzIff !kf7

s;/t (Physical Exercise)

kl/ro

z/L/nfO{ alnof,] km' ltn{ f] / tGb'?:t agfpgsf nflu ul/g] zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfknfO{
s;/t elgG5 . s;/tn] z/L/sf cªu\ kT| oªu\ nfO{ ljm| ofzLn agfp5“ . o;sf nflu lgoldt
cEof;sf] h?/t kb5{ . s;/t ubf{ /dfOnf] dgn] v;' L;fy ugk{' b5{ . z/L/nfO{ cf/fd gePsf]
an] f hjh:{ tL ul/Psf] s;/tn] xflg klg k¥' ofpg ;Sg] ePsfn] To;tkm{ Vofn ugk{' b5{ .
s;/tsf nflu v'nf rf/} / ;8sdf g} uP/ sb' g\ 'kb{5 eGg] 5g} . vn' f sf]7fleq l:y/
cj:yfdf klg ljleGg k|sf/sf s;/tx¿ u/L z/L/nfO{ km' lt{nf] / tGb?' :t agfpg
;lsG5 .

s;/t hg' ;s' } an] fdf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . laxfgsf] ;dodf ul/Psf] s;/tn] lbgel/sf]
sfdsf nflu pmhf{ kb| fg ug{] / z/L/nfO{ km' ltn{ f] agfpg] ePsfn] of] ;dodf s;/t ug{'
pŒfd dflgG5 . sg' } dV' o vn] vN] g' cufl8 lhp ttfpg] ko| fh] gdf klg ljleGg lsl;dsf
s;/tx¿ ul/G5 . o; PsfOcGtut{ xfdL sx] L pkofu] L / ;/n s;/tx¿sf] cEof;
ub5{ f“} . ca xfdL tL s;/tx¿sf] cEof; ug{] tl/sfaf/] rrf{ ub{5f“} .

xft / v'66\ fsf s;/tx¿ (Jogging)

hluª ug]{ tl/sf

-s_ z/L/df xns' f jf vn' f sk8f nufP/ l;wf plecf“} .

72 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

-v_ afof“ v6' 6\ f bfof“ xft tyf bfofF v6' \6f afofF xftsf] ;Gtn' g xg' ] u/L xNsf;“u
pkm| f}“ .

-u_ pkm| “bf l;wf cufl8 x]/L lhpnfO{ v's'nf] agfcf}“ .
-3_ kT| os] pk|mfOnfO{ !, @ eg]/ uGtL ub}{ !^ ;Dd k¥' ofcf}“ .
-ª_ !& cf“} uGtLaf6 cem km' lts{ f ;fy xftnfO{ 6fpsfe] Gbf dfly;Dd kU' g] u/L p7fcf“} .
-r_ #@ cf“} uGtLdf xftnfO{ la:tf/} tn emf/L pk|mfOnfO{ la:tf/} sd u/L z/L/nfO{

sn' 8fpg -cool down_ ub{} ;fdfGo cj:yfdf Nofcf“} .

kfv/' fsf] s;/t

s;/t ug]{ tl/sf
-s_ b'j} v'6\6fnfO{ sl/a @ lkm6sf] b/' Ldf /fvL

;lhnf;] “u plecf“} .
-v_ afof“ xftnfO{ afof“ ;fO8af6 p7fP/ 6fpsf]

dfly Nofcf“} .
-u_ bfof“ xftn] afof“ xftsf] s'dnfO{ ;dft/]

! b]lv !% ;Ddsf] uGtLdf bfof“tkm{
la:tf/} ems' fcf“} .
-3_ uGtL !^ cfd“} f lj:tf/} xft 5f8] /] kml] / bfofF xftnfO{ To;} u/L afoft“ km{ p7fcf“} .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 73

-ª_ afof“ xftn] bfof“ kfv'/fsf] s'ddf ;dftL la:tf/} afoft“ km{ ems' fcf“} .
-r_ uGtL !% ;Dd afof“tkm{ ems' fP/ !^ cf}“ k6sdf z/L/nfO{ l;wf agfO{ ;ts{

cj:yfdf Nofcf}“ .
-5_ o;/L sd' nfO{ bfof“ afoft“ km{ em'sfpb“ f 6fpsf] l;wf agfO/fVg ge'nf“} .

sDd/sf] s;/t

s;/t ug{] tl/sf
-s_ bj' } v6' \6f sl/a @ lkm6sf] km/sdf /fvL l;wf plecf}+“ .
-v_ dflysf] lrqdf b]vfPh:t} u/L afof“ xftnfO{ afof“ ;fO8af6 dfly p7fP/ To;sf]

gf8LnfO{ bfof“ xftn] ;dft/] ! b]lv !% sf] uGtL;Dd bfoft“ km{ em'sf“} .
-u_ o;/L em'Sbf bj' } v'6\6fnfO{ l;wf kfgk{' b5{ / lhpnfO{ dfq} em'sfpgk' b5{ .
-3_ !^ cf}“ uGtLdf z/L/nfO{ l;wf agfcf“} / xftnfO{ kg' M aundf /fvf}“ .
-ª_ kg' M bfof“ xft bfof“af6 p7fO{ afof“ xftn] To;sf] gf8LnfO{ ;dftL afoft“ km{ uGtL

!& b]lv #! ;Dd em'sfcf}“ .
-r_ uGtL #@ df l;wf eO{ xftnfO{ aundf /fvf“} .

5ftL / 9f8sf] s;/t

s;/t ug{] tl/sf

-s_ ;kmf / g/d 7fpd“ f z/L/nfO{ l;wf agfO{ 3f]K6f] k/L ;t' f“} .
-v_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L la:tf/} b'j} xftnfO{ lkl7p“ k5fl8 nuL xTs]nfnfO{ j|m;

74 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

u//] dflylt/ kmsg{ ] u/L xNsf;u“ /fvf}“ .
-u_ ca la:tf/} 5ftLb]lv dflysf] efunfO{ nfdf] ;f; tfGb} ufd] g ;kn{ ] em“} 6fpsf]

nfO{ dflylt/ p7fcf}“ .
-3_ uGtL !% ;Dd ;f;nfO{ /f]sL 6fpsf]nfO{ p7fO{ /fvf}“ . o;f] ubf{ bj' } v'66\ f

tgSs tGss] f] cj:yfdf xg' k' b5{ / xft xNsf;u“ sDd/dfly k5fl8 jm| ; u/L /fvs] f]
xg' k' b5{ .
-ª_ uGtL !^ df la:tf/} 6fpsf] eO' d“ f c8\ofO{ ;f; aflx/ km\ofsf}“ .
-r_ of] lj|mofsnfk sDtLdf klg !) k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/ u/f}“ .

hf]8Ldf sf“wdf xft /fvL lgxl' /g] s;/t

s;/t ug{] tl/sf
-s_ bO' { bO' { hgfsf] hf8] L agL sl/a @ lkm6sf]

b/' Ldf cfdg] ;fdg] xg' ] u/L plecf“} .
-v_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L Pscsf{sf] xft

cfk;df sfw“ dfly /fvL lgxl' /cf“} .
-u_ lgxl' /b“ f 38“' f gvD' RofOsg 9f8nfO{ tgSs

tGsfcf}“ .
-3_ of] cEof; Ps k6sdf sl/a #) ;s] ]G8;Dd hf/L /fvf“} .
-ª_ la:tf/} xft emf/L klxns] } cj:yfdf cfO{ l;wf eO{ plecf}“ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 75

;f/f+z

z/L/nfO{ alnof,] km' ltn{ f] / tGb?' :t agfpgsf nflu ul/g] zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfknfO{
s;/t elgG5 .
o;n] z/L/sf cfGtl/s / afxo\ cj:yfnfO{ dhat' agfpgsf ;fy} kljq dgsf]
;dt] ljsf; u/fp“5 .
laxfgsf] ;dodf ul/g] zf/Ll/s s;/tn] lbgel/sf] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ljm| ofsnfksf
nflu pmhf{ kb| fg ub{5 .

cEof;
tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f6] f] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ zf/Ll/s s;/taf6 xg' ] s'g} rf/ cf6] f kmfObf n]v .
-v_ lhp ttfpg] / lr:ofpg] lj|mofsnfk lsg / slt a]nf cfjZos x'G5, nv] .

76 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

sjfh (Drill) @kf7

kl/ro

sjfh (drill) nfO{ ;fdfGotof k|x/L tyf
;]gf;“u ;DalGwt lj|mofsnfk dflgG5 .
cfhefl] n o;nfO{ gful/s hLjgsf] cleGg
ljm| ofsnfksf ¿kdf lng] u/s] f] kfOG5 .
sjfh eGgfn] ;fdl" xs ¿kdf cg'zfl;t
9ª\udf ul/g] zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfk xf] eGg]
a'lemG5 . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo cg'zfl;t
9ªu\ df ;fdl" xs sfo{ ug]{ l;k / Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] xf] . o;n] ;dx" df ldn/]
sfd ug]{ / cfkm\gf ljm| ofsnfknfO{ ;dx" sf] lj|mofsnfk;u“ Ps¿ktf sfod u/fpg]
afgLsf] ljsf; u/fp5“ .

sjfh sdfG8/sf] lgbz{] g / cfbz] fg;' f/ ul/G5 . ;dx" df Ps;fy ul/g] xb“' f o;df /dfOnf]
xg' s' f ;fy} ;xefuLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s l:yltnfO{ ;Gtl' nt / hfu“ l/nf] klg agfp5“ . sjfhdf efu
lnb“ f ;fdfGotof tLg r/0fnfO{ jm| lds ¿kn] cgz' /0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . tL tLg r/0fx¿
lgDgfg;' f/ 5g\ M

!= ;r" gf (Instruction)

@= cfbz] (Command)

#= ljm| of (Action)

pko'S{ t ltg r/0fx¿dWo] k|yd r/0fdf lj|mofsf] tof/Lsf nflu ;"rgf lbOG5 eg] bf];f| ]
r/0f cfbz] df ljm| of ul/xfNg elgG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu 6f]nL bfof“ kmsn{ f ==========
bfof“ =============== kms{ . o;df 6f]nL bfof“ kms{nf lgbz{] g xf] eg] bfof“ kms{ eGg' rflx“
cfbz] xf] . sjfhdf lgb{]zg tyf cfbz] sdfG8/af6 lbOG5 eg] lj|mof ;xefuLåf/f

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 77

ul/G5 . sjfhdf ljleGg lsl;dsf lgbz]{ g tyf cfbz] lbO{ ljm| of ug{ nufOG5 t/
oxf“ lgDglnlvt cfb]zx¿sf] dfq} kl/ro Pjd\ JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

!= cufl8 ldn (cover up) @= uf]8f kmf6 (stand at ease)

#= ;ts{ (attention) $= bfof“ kms{ (right turn)

%= afof“ kms{ (left turn) ^= k"/f kms{ (about turn)

&= uf]8f rfn (mark time) *= uf]8f c8 (halt)

(= cufl8 a9 (forward march) !) bfof“ gh/ (eyes right)

!!= l;wf gh/ (eyes front)

!= cufl8 ldn (Cover up)

sjfhnfO{ cfsif{s agfpg ;j{k|yd o;df ;xefuL
ljBfyLs{ f] Joj:yfkgnfO{ Wofg lbgk' b5{ . ljBfyLx{ ¿
ple“bf l;wf, cUnf] / xf]rf]nfO{ j|mddf ldnfP/
/flvPsf] x'G5 eg] pgLx¿åf/f k|bz{g ul/Psf
ljm| ofsnfk x]g{ nfos / cfsif{s b]lvG5 . of] cfbz]
sjfh ;?' xg' e' Gbf cufl8 ul/g] eP tfklg larlardf
klg olb ljBfyL{x¿sf] kªl\ Stsf] cfsf/ / pgLx¿sf]
:yfg kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 eg] se/ cksf] cfbz] lbg
;lsG5 . of] cfb]zdf ljBfyL{x¿sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf
lgDgfg;' f/sf] x'G5 M

-s_ cufl8sf ljBfyL{ ;ts{ cj:yfdf bj' } xftnfO{ sDd/df /fvL l;wf cufl8 plegk' b5{ .

-v_ k5fl8sf ;a} ljBfyL{x¿n] bfof“ xftnfO{ xn'sf d6' \7L agfP/ cfk"meGbf cl3Nnf]
;fyLsf] bfof“ s'ddf 5'g vfh] ] h:tf] u/L pleg'kb5{ .

-u_ of] ljm| ofsnfk ubf{ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] prfO ldn] gldns] f] cjnf]sg u/L xfr] fn] fO{
cufl8 / cUnf]nfO{ k5fl8 ldnfP/ /fVg'kb5{ .

78 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

@= uf]8f kmf6 (Stand at ease)

uf8] f kmf6sf] cfbz] kfpgf;fy ;xefuLx¿n] cfcfkmg\ f ba] ]|
v6' 6\ f nueu !% b]lv @) ;l] d dfly prfnL nueu @*
bl] v #) ;]ld ba] |] nu/] /fVg'kb5{ . o;sf ;fy} zf/Ll/s
cj:yf lgDglnlvt j|mddf ldnfO/fVg'kb{5 M

-s_ cfbz] kfpgf;fy bj' } xft k5fl8 nh} fg] / afof“ uf8] f
lsgf/tkm{ nu]/ ahfg]{ sfd ;u“ ;u“ } xg' k' b5{ .

-v_ z/L/sf] jhg b'j} v6' \6fdf ;dfg ¿kn] ;Gtl' nt
xg' k' b5{ .

-u_ bj' } xft k5fl8 nuL bfof“ xft dfly / afof“ xft tn /fvL a'9L cfn“} fx¿ Ps
cfk;df 6Dd 6f“l;P/ j|m; u/L /flvG5 .

-3_ uf8] f kmf6df a:bf z/L/sf] cj:yf l;wf / bx|f] x'gk' b{5 .

-ª_ kfv'/f lhp;u“ 6kSs 6f“l;P/ /fVg'kb5{ tfls afxn' f / sfvLsf] laraf6 xfjf
klg l5g{ g;sf];\ .

#= ;ts{ (Attention)

;fdfGotof sjfhsf kT| os] ljm| of ;tss{ f] cj:yfaf6 g}
;?' ul/G5 . ;ts{df ;xefuLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf
lgDgfg';f/sf] x'g'kb{5 M

-s_ ;ts{ cj:yfdf z/L/nfO{ l;wf u/L pEofOG5 .

-v_ bj' } v6' 6\ fsf] ss' {'Rrf hf]l8Psf] / k~hf V cfsf/
df #) l8u|L sf]0fdf /flvG5 .

-u_ uf8] f / 5ftL tgSs tlGsPsf] x'gk' b5{ / b'j} xft
sd' bl] v tn Psbd l;wf lhp;u“ 6fl“ ;Psf] / vs' n' f]
d7' 7\ L af“wL k6' \7fsf] aundf /flvG5 .

-3_ 3f“6L l;wf /fvL cfv“ fsf] x]/fO cfkm\gf] prfOsf] a/fa/ l;wf cufl8 xg' 'kb{5 .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 79

-ª_ 5ftL cln k'mss] f], k]6 cln bas] f] / d'v aGb u/s] f] x'gk' b{5 .

-r_ z/L/sf] jhg bj' } v6' 6\ fdf a/fa/ / ;Gt'lnt xg' k' b{5 .

$= bfof“ kms{ (Right Turn)

;ts{ cj:yfaf6 sdfG8/sf] cfbz] fg';f/ Ps em8\sfdf uf]8f / z/L/ bfofl“ t/ kmsf{O{
k5fl8sf] uf]8f cufl8 NofP/ hf]8\g] sfo{nfO{ bfof“ kms{ ljm| of k/" f ePsf] dflgG5 . bfof“
kms{sf] cfbz] kfpgf;fy bfof“ uf8] fsf] s's'{Rrf / afof“ uf]8fsf] kGhf bfof“lt/ 3'dfO{
! uGtLdf bfof“lt/ () l8uL| sf] sf]0fdf kms/{] @ / # sf] l56f] uGtLdf k5fl8sf] afof“
uf]8f !% ;l] d hlt dfly prfNb} $ uGtLdf afof“ uf8] fnfO{ bfof“ uf]8fsf] ss' 'R{ rf;“u
ldnfO{ hf]8g\ k' b5{ . o;f] ubf{ z/L/sf] jhg bflxg] v'6\6fdf kfg{'k5{ .

$ # @ !

%= afof“ kms{ (Left Turn)

afof“ kms{sf] cfb]z kfpgf;fy ;ts{

cj:yfaf6 ;xefuLx¿ cfkmg\ f] ba] |]tkm{

() l8u|Lsf] sf]0f agfO{ 3'Dg'kb{5 .

o;f] ubf{ p;n] bfof“ kms{sf] cfb]zdf

u/] em}“ ;Dk0" f{ lj|mof b'O{ r/0fdf k/" f

ug'{kb{5 . ! uGtLdf afof“ uf]8fsf]

ss' {'Rrf / bfof“ uf8] fsf] kGhf afof“ttkm{ ! @ # $

3d' fO{ @ / # sf] l56f] uGtLdf bfof“

uf8] fnfO{ !% ;]ld prfn]/ $ sf] uGtLdf afof“ uf8] fsf] ss' {'Rrf;“u ldnfO{ hf8] \g'kb5{ .

80 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

^= k/" f kms{ (About Turn)

sjfhdf 6f]nL g]6fsf] ‘k"/f kms{’

cfb]z kfO;s]kl5 ;ts{ cj:yfaf6

‘bfof“ kms{’ sf] sfo{ u/s] f] h:t} u/L

z/L/nfO{ ;Gtl' nt agfO{ bfof“lt/af6

!*)) l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf k"/f k5fl8

kms{g'kb{5 . h:t} k"j{lt/ kms]{/

a;]sf] cj:yfaf6 klZrdlt/ $ # @ !
kmsg{ ] . k"/f kmsg{ sf nflu ;j{k|yd

cfbz] kfpgf;fy ! uGtLdf bfof“ v'6\6fsf] s's{R' rf / afof“ v6' 6\ fsf] k}tfnfn] 6s] /]

bfof“lt/af6 k"/f kms{g] / @ / # sf] l56f] uGtLdf afof“ uf8] fnfO{ !% ;l] d hlt prfn/]

$ sf] uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fsf] ss' R{' rf;u“ lkmhfO{ hf8] g\ k' b5{ .

&= sbd rfn cyf{t\ uf8] f rfn (Mark Time)

sjfhdf sg' } klg gof“ cfbz] ;tss{ f] cj:yfdf lbgk' b5{ . uf8] f rfnsf]
cfb]z kfpgf;fy ;efuLx¿n] afof“ / bfof“ ub}{ v6' 6\ f prfNg] / 6]Sg]
ug'{kb{5 . ;?' df ! sf] uGtLdf afof“ uf8] f hldgaf6 sl/a klg ^ OGr
hlt dfly p7fO{ eO' d“ f 6S] gk' b5{ . @ sf] uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] f To;u} /L dfly
prfnL e'O“df 6S] g'kb{5 . o;/L sbd rfNbf lhpnfO{ ;tss{ f] cj:yfdf
/fvL v'66\ fx¿ 3“8' fsf] ;tx;Dd p7fpgk' b5{ . o; lsl;dsf] rfndf
!, @, ! eGbf b]a]| v'6\6f 6]s eGg] cfbz] af6 u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] v6' 6\ fsf]
Ps¿ktf ldn] gldn]sf] hfR“ g klg ;lsG5 . uf8] f rfNbf bj' } uf8] fsf]
k~hf clnslt leqk6\l6 kmsfp{ g' a;] dflgG5 . ;s;] Dd lt3|fnfO{
;dfgfGt/df p7fpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .

*= uf]8f c8 (Halt)

6fl] nnfO{ uf8] f rfNbfrfNb} ‘uf8] f c8’ df Nofpgsf nflu bfof“ uf8] f p7]sf] a]nfdf ‘c8’
(halt) sf] cfb]z lbgk' 5{ . To;kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] bfof“ uf]8fn] ‘rs] ’ (check) eg]/ hldg
6]Sg] / ! / @ df j|mdzM afof“ / bfof“ uf8] fn] 6s] ]/ ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] ug'{k5{ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 81

(= cufl8 a9 (Forward March)

cufl8 a9sf] cfbz] ;fdfGotof uf]8f
rfnsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;xefuLx¿nfO{
sx] L kfOnf cufl8 ;fg'{ kbf{ lbOG5 .
cufl8 a9sf] cfb]z;“u} ;xefuLx¿
;j{ky| d cfkm\gf afof“ kfOnf prfn]/
cufl8 a9\gk' b{5 . cufl8 a9b\ f xft
/ v'6\6fsf] tfnd]n ldnfpg' h?/L
dflgG5 . afof“ uf]8f cufl8
a9fp“bf bfof“ xft cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . o;sf] nut} bfof“ uf]8f / afof“
xft cufl8 a95\ . of] ljm| of !,@ sf] uGtLsf ;fy klg ug{ ;lsG5 . sdfG8/sf]
6fn] L c8sf] cfbz] kfpgf;fy æ6fn] L c8Æ rs] Ps bO' { eg/] bfof“ v6' 6\ fdf /fl] sgk' b5{ .

!)= bfof“ gh/ (Eyes Right)

sjfh kb| z{g ug{] j|mddf pkl:yt cfdlGqt dxfg'efj tyf
kd| v' cltlynfO{ ;Ddfg k|bfg ug{ jf clejfbg ug{ cufl8
a9sf] cfb]zdf uf]8f rfNb} cufl8 a9\bf of] lj|mofsnfk
ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof sjfhdf /x]sf cltlynfO{ bfof“ kf/]/
cufl8 a9g] ub{5g\ . ha ;d"xnfO{ lgb{z] g / lgoGq0f ub}{
cufl8 a9]sf] sdfG8/ cltlysf] ;fd'Gg]df cfOk'U5 ta p;n]
æbfof“ gh/Æ sf] cfbz] lbG5 . of] cfbz] kfpgf;fy ;xefuLx¿ /
sdfG8/sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf lgDgfg;' f/sf] /xgk' b{5 M

-s_ of] cfb]z kfpgf;fy ;xefuL / sdfG8/n] cfcfkm\gf]
3f“6LnfO{ bflxgl] t/ df8] b\ } sd' sf] ;dfgfGt/df /fvL cufl8 a9b\ } hfgk' 5{ . of]
cj:yf l;wf gh/sf] cfbz] gkfpGh];Dd hf/L /fVgk' b5{ .

-v_ of] cfb]z lbgf;fy l;wf /x]sf] emG8fnfO{ Ps em6\sfdf bfof“tkm{ 5ftLsf]
;dfgfGt/df t;] f{] kf/L emG8fsf] ;dfgfGt/df cfv“ f bflxg] df8] /] x]g'k{ b{5 . afof“
afx'nfnfO{ crn cj:yfdf lhp;u“ 6f;“ ]/ /fVgk' b5{ .

-u_ cGo ;xefuLn] gh/ bfoft“ km{ df8] /] cufl8 a9g\ k' 5{ . bfof“ gh/sf] cj:yfdf

82 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

;xefuLn] tgfj/lxt /x]/ 9f8nfO{ l;wf / 3f6“ L tgSs tlGsPsf] cj:yfdf /fVb}
cufl8 a9\g'kb5{ . o;sf ;fy} 3f“6LnfO{ cfb]zfg;' f/ ;DalGwt lbzfdf df]8]/
tyf zf/Ll/s cfs[ltnfO{ dfly plNnlvt cj:yfdf g} /fvL l;wf cfbz] gkfpGh]
n;Dd cufl8 a9b\ } hfgk' 5{ .

!!= l;wf gh/ (Eyes Front)

sjfhsf ;xefuLx¿ bfof“ gh/sf] cj:yfdf cufl8 a9b\ } hfb“ f sdfG8/af6 lbOg]
cfbz] æl;wf gh/Æ xf] . of] cfbz] ;fdfGotof 6fn] L gt] fn] cltly a;s] f] d~rsf] cufl8
/]vfªl\ st If]qnfO{ gf3/] uO;s]kl5 lbg] ul/G5 . l;wf gh/sf cfbz] sf ;fy emG8f
af]Sgn] ] l;wf em' sfOPsf] emG8fnfO{ l;wf dfly p7fp5“ . o; k|sf/sf ;d"xsf cGo
;b:ox¿n] ;d]t cfkm\gf] 3f“6LnfO{ l;wf agfO{ gh/nfO{ ;fdG' g] /fvL cufl8 a9b\ }
hfG5g\ . o; k|sf/sf ;d"xsf kT| os] ;b:osf] gh/ ;fdG' g] /xG5 / ;xefuLx¿
‘‘cufl8 a9’’ sf] cj:yfdf em“} cfkm\gf] uGtJolt/ a9b\ } hfG5g\ .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 83

zf/Ll/s Jofofd #kf7

(Physical Training)

kl/ro

zf/Ll/s Jofofd cªu\ h]| L zAb lkmlhsn 6l«] gª (physical training) sf] gk] fnL ¿kfGt/ xf]
h;nfO{ kL=6L= sf] gfdn] klg lrlgG5 . o;sf] zflAbs cyn{ ] z/L/sf ;a} cªu\ af6 xg' ]
s;/tnfO{ afw] u/fp5“ . zf/Ll/s Jofofd eGgfn] tL zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfknfO{ ae' mfp5“
h;n] z/L/nfO{ :j:y / tGb'?:t /fVg dbt ub5{ . ;Dk0" f{ zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL Pjd\
:jf:Yosf nflu zf/Ll/s Jofofd Ps pTtd lj|mof dflgG5 . o; PsfOdf ljBfno
:t/sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cf]6f zf/Ll/s JofofdnfO{
/v] flrq;lxt k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 .

zf/Ll/s Jofofddf x'g] cfªl\ us lj|mofsf] /v] f lrq

kL=6L g=+ != z/L/ tGsfpg] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

v6' \6fsf] P8L hf8] ]/ • uGtL ! / @ df bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8af6 l;wf tGsfP/ • bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 NofP/
;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] dfly nh} fg] .
k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{

• uGtL # / $ df bfof“ af“ofaf6 xftnfO{ aundf NofO{ xNsf;“u j|m; u/fP/
;?' cj:yfdf h:t} u/L pleg]
pleg]

• nuftf/ u//] uGtL * df /f]Sg]

84 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

kL=6L g+=@= xft / uf8] fsf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 • uGtL ! df b'j} 38“' fnfO{ v'Drfp“b} jm| ; u/L /fv]sf] • bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 NofP/
xftnfO{ la:tf/} bfof“ afof“ kmn} fpg]
NofP/ k6] dfly b'j} k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{

gf8LnfO{ xNsf;u“ jm| ; • uGtL @ df bfof“ afof“ ePsf] xftnfO{ cufl8 NofP/ xNsf;“u j|m; u/fP/
u/fP/ pleg] k]6dfly jm| ; u/fO/fVg] . oltan] f klxn] v'66\ fsf] pleg]

s'/sR' rfn] / cGTodf kGhfn] 6S] g] ug'k{ 5{

• nuftf/ u//] uGtL !^ df /f]Sg]

kL=6L g=+ #= kfv'/fsf] Jofofd

;'?sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 • uGtL ! / @ df j|m; ul/Psf] xftnfO{ gv'DRofOsg • b'j} xftnfO{ cufl8
tnaf6 bfof“ afof“ xb“' } lgwf/dfly jm| ; u/fP/ km]l/
NofP/ k6] dfly bj' } • cufl8af6 bj' } xft emf/L bfof“ afof“ kmn} fpg] . NofP/ k]6dfly b'j}
gf8LnfO{ xNsf;u“ j|m; uGtL # / $ df bfof“ afof“ /xs] f xftx¿nfO{ tn gf8LnfO{ xNsf;u“ jm| ;
u/fP/ pleg] NofP/ k]6g]/ j|m; u/fO{ Toxf“af6} dfly NofP/ xftnfO{ u/fP/ pleg]

bfof“ afof“ kmn} fP/ tn Nofpg] / cufl8 jm| ; u/]/
/fVg]
• nuftf/ u//] uGtL !^ df /f]Sg]

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 85

kL=6L g=+ $= 5ftLsf] Jofofd

;'?sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

b'j} xftnfO{ cufl8 • uGtL ! df afof“ v'6\6fnfO{ sl/a @) ;]ld afof“ • xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L
km66f\ O{ jm| ; ul//fvs] f] bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ afof“ kmn} fpg] v6' 6\ f @) ;]ld km66\ fP/
NofP/ k6] dfly bj' }
gf8LnfO{ xNsf;“u j|m; • uGtL @ df bfof“ afof“ kmn} fPsf] xftnfO{ cufl8af6 tn
emf/L k6] g/] j|m; u/fO/fVg] l;wf pleg]
u/fP/ pleg]
• uGtL # df bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ afofa“ f6 dfly nuL 5ftL
tGsfP/ k5fl8 nh} fg]

• uGtL $ df b'j} xftnfO{ tn emf/L j|m; u/fO/fVg]

• nuftf/ u/]/ uGtL !^ df /fS] g]

kL=6L g=+ %= sDd/sf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L • uGtL ! df bfof“ xftnfO{ bfofa“ f6} p7fP/ afoft“ km{ • xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L
v6' \6f @) ;l] d km66\ fP/ 9Nsfpg] v6' \6f @) ;]ld km6\6fP/
l;wf pleg] • uGtL @ df pSt bfof“ xftnfO{ afof“af6 p7fP/ l;wf pleg] .
bfof“tkm{s} aundf /fVg]
•• uGtL # / $ df dflys} ljm| ofsnfk bf]xf]¥ofpg]
uGtL %, ^, & / * df uGtL !, @, # / $ df h:t}
afof“ xftnfO{ afof“af6} dfly p7fP/ bfoft“ km{ 9Nsfpg]
/ p7fpg]
• nuftf/ u/]/ uGtL !^ df /fS] g]

86 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

kL=6L g+= ^= 9f8sf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L • uGtL !, @ / # df z/L/nfO{ cufl8 e'msfO{ cfn}“ fn] • xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L
v6' 6\ f @) ;l] d km66\ fP/ e'O“ 5g' ] sfl] ;; ug{] k5fl8 kf/L v6' \6f @) ;l] d km66\ fP/
l;wf pleg] l;wf pleg]
• uGtL $ df z/L/nfO{ l;wf p7fpg]
• uGtL %, ^ / & df a'9Lcf}“nfnfO{
sDd/df xft /fv/] z/L/nfO{ k5fl8 9Nsfpg]

• uGtL * df z/L/nfO{ l;wf p7fpg]
• nuftf/ uGtL !^ ;Dd ug]{

kL=6L g=+ &= 5ftL / sDd/sf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

xftnfO{ aundf 6f“;L • uGtL !, @, # $ df v'6\6fnfO{ grnfOsg bj' } xftnfO{ • afof“ v'6\6fnfO{ bfof“tkm{
v'6\6f @) ;]ld km6\6fP/ ;?' df afof“ bfof“ kml] / afof“ bfof“ a6f//] uGtL % df bj' } NofO{ hf]8]/ ;ts{
xftnfO{ af“of 5p] lt/ x'Tofpg] . uGtL ^ df bfof“lt/
l;wf pleg] Nofpg] kml] / uGtL & df afof“ 5]plt/ xT' ofpg] / uGtL
* df xftnfO{ aundf /fVg] cj:yfdf pleg]

• o;u} /L bfoft“ km{ klg u//] uGtL !^ df afof“ v6' 6\ fnfO{
bfof“tkm{ NofP/ /fS] g]

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 87

kL=6L g=+ *= s'd / 3f“6Lsf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ aundf /fvL • uGtL ! df bj' } xftnfO{ sd' df /fvL afof“ v'66\ fnfO{ • bj' } xftnfO{ aundf /fvL
;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] afoft“ km{ km66\ fpg]
• uGtL @ df bj' } xftnfO{ l;wf dfly nuL kGhfsf] ann] ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg]

pleg]
• uGtL # df bj' } xft s'df /fvL ss' {R' rfn] pleg]
• uGtL $ df bj' } xftnfO{ aundf /fvL ;ts{ cj:yfdf
pleg]
• o;}u/L uGtL % df bfof“ v'6\6f bfof“tkm{ km6\6fP/
dflyh:t} ug{]
• nuftf/ u//] uGtL !^ ;Dd ug]{

kL=6L g=+ (= 5ftLsf] Jofofd

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ aundf /fvL • uGtL ! / @ df afof“ v6' 6\ fnfO{ afof“tkm{ km66\ fP/ • @) ;l] d v6' 6\ f km66\ fP/
;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] z/L/nfO{ afof“ v6' 6\ fsf] a9' L cf}n“ f 5'g] u/L bO' { k6s bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ 5]plt/
e'mSg]
• uGtL # / $ df z/L/nfO{ p7fP/ bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ afof“ t];f]{ kf/]/ pleg]
k5fl8 nuL 5ftL tGsfP/ z/L/nfO{ xNsf k5fl8lt/
9Nsfpg]

• uGtL % / ^ df dfly h:t} u/L bfof“ v'6\6ftkm{ b'O{
k6s e'msfpg]

• uGtL & / * df z/L/nfO{ p7fP/ bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“
afof“ k5fl8 kmsf{O{ 5ftL tGsfP/ z/L/nfO{ k5fl8
9Nsfpg]

• k'gM ;'? u//] uGtL !^ ;Dd ug{]

88 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

kL=6L g+= !)= z/L/nfO{ 3d' fpg] Jofofd

;'?sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

@) ;l] d v6' \6f km66\ fP/ • uGtL !, @, # / $ df bfoft“ km{ t];fP{ sf] bj' } xftnfO{ • afof“ v'6\6fnfO{ bfof“
bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ 5]plt/ cufl8af6 afof“tkm{ x'“b} z/L/nfO{ k"/} 3'dfP/ b'j} v'6\6fdf nuL hf]8\g] /
xftnfO{ afoft“ km{ t]:ofp{ g] .
t];f]{ kf/]/ pleg] • uGtL @ df bj' } xftnfO{ l;wf dfly nuL kGhfsf] ann] ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg]

pleg]

• uGtL %, ^, & / * df afof“tkm{ ePsf] xftnfO{
cufl8af6 bfoft“ km{ xb“' } z/L/nfO{ k/" f 3d' fO{ bj' } xftnfO{
bfof“tkm{ t]:of{pg]

• nuftf/ u/]/ uGtL !^ ;Dd ug]{

kL=6L g=+ !!= bj' } v'6\6fn] pk|mg] Jofofd

;'?sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ aundf /fvL • uGtL !, @, # / $ df bj' } v'6\6fn] xft aundf /fv]/ • bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 k6] g/]
;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] xNsf;“u rf/ k6s pk|mg] / xftnfO{ Ps;fy j|m; u/fO{ v6' \6f hf]8]/
pleg]
• uGtL %, ^, & / * df b'j} v'6\6f
km6\6fpb“ } hf]8\b} km66\ fp“b} ug]{

• nuftf/ !^ ;Dd uGtL ug]{

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 89

kL=6L g+= !@= s'n8fpg ug{] Jofofd g=+ -s_

;?' sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8 k]6g/] • uGtL ! df clnslt 3'“8f v'DRofP/ j|m; ul/Psf • bj' } xftnfO{ aundf NofO{
j|m; u/fO{ v'6\6f hf]8]/ xftx¿nfO{ klg v'66\ f vD' RofPs} ;f/df tnaf6 bfof“ ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg]
pleg] afof“ kmn} fO{ k~hfn] 6s] /] l;wf pleg]

• uGtL @ df bfofa“ fof“ km}nfPsf xftx¿nfO{ cufl8 NofO{
jm| ; u/fpg] / s's{R' rfn] 6]s/] pleg]

• nuftf/ !^ ;Dd uGtL ug]{

kL=6L g+= !@= sn' 8fpg ug]{ Jofofd g+= -v_

;'?sf] cj:yf s;/t ubf{ z/L/sf] cj:yf clGtdsf] cj:yf

;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg] • uGtL ! / @ df nfdf] ;f; tfg/] bj' } xftnfO{ cufl8af6 • ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg]
dflylt/ nh} fg]

• uGtL # / $ df bj' } xftnfO{ bfof“ afof“af6 xNsf;“u
;f; aflx/ kmo\ fn/] xftnfO{ aundf Nofpg]

90 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

ofu] (Yoga) $kf7

of]usf] ;fdfGo cy{ hf]8\g' x'G5 . ofu] n] z/L/ / dgnfO{ hf]8g\ ] u5{ . o;df ul/g]
ljm| ofsnfkx¿ Ps lrTt eO{ ul/g] xb“' f o;jf6 zf/Ll/s ljsf;sf] ;fy} dfgl;s ljsf;
klg xG' 5 . ofu] f;g uge{' Gbf cufl8 lhp ttfpg] s;/tx¿ ugk{' 5{ . ;fdfGotof xftv6' 6\ f
rnfpg] / hf]gL{nfO{ tGsfpg] s;/tnfO{ lhp ttfpg] s;/t elgG5 . lhp ttfpg]
s;/tn] ljleGg zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfk ugs{ f nflu z/L/ tof/ u5{ . oxf“ xfdL sx] L
cf;gx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s s;/tsf] ¿kdf cEof; ug]{ 5f}“ .

kbd\ f;g (Padmasan)

kbd\ f;gnfO{ sdnf;g klg elgG5 . of] cf;g vf;u/L Wofg
ug{ / ;fwgf ug{ ko| f]u ul/G5 . o;sf] lg/Gt/ cEof;af6
kfrg zlSt /fdf| ] xg' ,] efs] nfUg], slAhot gx'g,] d'6'sf]
/fu] / 5fnfsf] /fu] af6 dS' t xg' ] xG' 5 .

kb\df;g ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ M

-s_ ;'?df kn]6L s;L l;wf a:g'xf;] \ .

-v_ To;kl5 bfof“ uf]8f afof“ lt3|fdfly / afof“ uf8] f bfof“
lt3f| dfly /fVg'xf];\ .

-v_ bj' } xftnfO{ vf]nL xTsn] f cfsfzlt/ kmsfO{ { b'j} 3“'8fdfly /fVgx' f;] \ .

kb\df;gdf a:bf xg' ] kmfObf

-s_ Wofg sl] Gbt| u/L ;fwgf ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .

-v_ z/L/nfO{ cfjZos t/n kbfyx{ ¿sf] ;l~rt u/L 5fnfnfO{ g/d / sfd] n agfpg
;xof]u k'¥ofp5“ .

-u_ cfn:o tyf ysfgnfO{ x6fp“5 .

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 91

-3_ v6' \6fsf df+;k]zLnfO{ dhat' agfO{ /St;~rf/nfO{ lj|mofzLn agfp5“ .

-ª_ dlxnfsf k|hgg cªu\ x¿nfO{ :j:y / dha't agfp5“ .

-r_ kfrg zlStnfO{ dha't agfP/ k]6;DaGwL ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ub{5 .

-5_ o;n] dgnfO{ zfGt / jl[ Œfdf ;w' f/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp5“ .

ahf| ;g

ah|f;g klg kb\df;g h:t} ul/g] cEof; xf] . of] cf;g ubf{
3“8' fsf] afy l7s x'g] / vfgf krfpg ;xofu] x'g] x'G5 . of]
cf;g ubf{ lgDg lnlvt k|lj|mof ckgfpgk' 5{ M

-s_ bj' } v6' \6fnfO{ df]8/] k5fl8lt/ nfgx' f];\ .

-v_ b'j} kt} fnf hf]8s] f] 7fpd“ f a:gx' f;] \ .

-u_ 9f8 l;wf u/L 38“' f hf8] /] /fVgx' f;] \ / xft 38“' fdfly /
fVgx' f;] \ .

ahf| ;gaf6 x'g] kmfObf

-s_ Wofg sl] Gb|t ug{ ;xofu] k'U5 .

-v_ z/L/sf] jl[ 4 / ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos t/n kbfyn{ fO{ ;l~rt u/L ;/+ If0f kb| fg
ub5{ .

-u_ k]6sf cfGtl/s efunfO{ alnof] agfO{ k]6 ;DaGwL v/faLx¿nfO{ lgsf] agfpg
;xofu] ub5{ .

-3_ dlxnfsf] kh| gg cª\u / To;;“u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ dbt
k'¥ofp“5 .

-ª_ a;fOnfO{ ;Eo / ;Gtl' nt t'Nofp5“ .

wg'/f;g

wg'/f;gnfO{ wg'iff;g klg elgG5 . of] cf;gdf a:bf z/Ll/nfO{ wg'if h:t}

92 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

agfOG5 . of] cf;gdf a:bf k6] , sDd/, 9f8,
kfv/' f / lt3|fsf] s;/t x'G5 . of] cf;g ubf{
lgDg lnlvt k|lj|mof ckgfpg'kb{5 M

-s_ ;?' df 3f]K6f] k/L ;'Tg'xf];\ .

-v_ bj' } v6' 6\ fnfO{ k5fl8af6 p7fO{ bj' } uf8] fnfO{
b'j} xftn] ;dfpg'xf;] \ .

-u_ To;kl5 6fpsf] / 5ftLnfO{ la:tf/}
p7fpgx' f];\ .

dG8s' f;g

dG8'sf;gnfO{ Eofu'tf] cf;g klg
elgG5 . o;df z/L/nfO{ Eofut' f] a;]
h:t} /flvG5 . of] cf;gsf] cEof; ubf{
k]6 ;kmf xg' ,] z/L/ xns' f x'g], hfg] Lx{ ¿
b'vs] f] lgsf] xg' ] u5{ . t/ pRr /Strfk
ePsf], sDd/ b'v]sf,] uwg{ b'v]sf] of
d6' ' ;DaGwL /fu] ePsfn] of] cf;g ug{' xb'“ g} cyjf o:tf la/fdLn] 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx lnP/
dfq ofu] fEof; ugk{' 5{ . of] cf;g ubf{ lgDg lnlvt k|ljm| of ckgfpg'kb5{ M

-s_ ah|f;g h:t} bj' } v'6\6fnfO{ df8] ]/ k5fl8lt/ nUgx' f;] \ .

-v_ b'j} kt} fnf hf]8s] f] 7fpd“ f a:g'xf;] \ .

-u_ bj' } xTs]nfO{ Psdfly csf{] /fVb} gflelt/ /fVgx' f];\ .

-3_ sDd/eGbf dflysf] efunfO{ cufl8 ems' fpgx' f;] \ .

-ª_ 5ftLn] la:tf/} lt3|fdf 5'g] k|of; ugx{' f];\ .

;jf;g

;jf;g d/s] f] dflg; e}m“ pTtfgf] k/L ;T' g] sfo{ xf] . of] cf;g vf; u/L sfo{ ;s]kl5
ysfO dfgs{ f nflu ul/G5 . o;af6 zf/Ll/s ysfj6sf ;fy} dfgl;s ysfj6 klg
sd u5{ . ;jf;gdf a:gsf nflu lgDglnlvt kl| jm| of ckgfpg'k5{ M

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 93

-s_ ;?' df pTtfgf] k/L ;'Tg'k5{ .
-v_ bj' } xftnfO{ k6' \7fsf] bj' } 5p] df xns' f 5f8] \g'k5{ .
-u_ xTs]nf cfsfzlt/ bv] fPsf] xg' 'k5{ .
-3_ To:t} bj' } uf]8f cfk;df cln km6fP/ /fVgk' 5{ .
-ª_ To;kl5 cfv“ f aGb u/L Psl5g cf/fd;“u ToxL cf;gdf a:gk' 5{ .
;jf;gaf6 xg' ] kmfObf
-s_ z/L/ tgfj dS' t / ysfg dl] 6O{ z/L/ xNsf xG' 5 .
-v_ z/L/ k'mltn{ f] eO{ d'6' / dl:tissf] /f]uaf6 56' sf/f ldN5 .
-u_ ld7f] lgGbf| nfUg] xG' 5 .

;f/fz+

zf/Ll/s lzIffdf ofu] sf] cy{ z/L/ / dgnfO{ Pslqt kfg{] cEof;fTds ljm| ofsnfk
xf] .
kb\df;gdf a:bf Wofg s]lGbt| u/L z/L/sf df+;k]zLnfO{ xNsf;u“ 5f8\g'kb5{ .
of]unfO{ :jf:Yo / wflds{ bl[ i6sf]0fn] dxŒjk0" f{ dflgG5 .

cEof;

tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ of]usf af/d] f 5f]6f] kl/ro bp] m <
-v_ kb\df;gaf6 z/L/nfO{ s] s] kmfObf kU' 5, n]v .
-u_ ahf| ;g / ;jf;gsf] dxŒj atfpm .

94 :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^

v]n (Game) %kf7

vn] (Games)

v]n vN] bf /dfOnf] x'g'sf ;fy} z/L/ k'mltn{ f] / :j:y x'G5 . /fdf| ] vn] v]Ngsf nflu
v]nsf l;kx¿ /fd/| L l;s/] cg'zf;g / lgod kfngf u/]/ v]Ng'kb{5 . ;dx" df
v]lng] v]ndf ;fyL ;fyLlar /fd|f] ;xof]u / ;dGjo (coordination) ePg eg] v]n /fdf| ]
x'“bg} . vn] df csf]{ dxŒjk0" f{ Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' f lht eP klg 3dG8 gug]{ / xf/ eP
klg xf/nfO{ l:jsf/L csf]{ v]ndf /fdf| ] u5'{ eGg] kl| ta4tf (commitment) hgfpg'
kb5{ . vn] vN] bf lgodx¿nfO{ Wofg lbP/ v]n vN] g] / cEof; ug{] u/]df ljBfyL{ hlxn]
klg cufl8 a9g\ ;S5 .

-s_ elnan (Volleyball)

elnan vn] Ps ;dx" df 5 hgfsf lardf vl] ng] ;fdl" xs vn] xf] . o;df bO' { sf6] s{ f
lardf vDaf uf8/] g6] 6f“luPsf] x'G5 . of] vn] df b'j} ;dx" n] ljkIfn] an kmsfp{ g
g;Sg] u/L annfO{ ljkIfsf] sf]6d{ f g6] s6fP/ k7fOG5 . of] v]n /fd|/L vN] g ljleGg
l;kx¿ cEof; ug'k{ b{5 .

l8luª (Digging)

Eflnan vn] df sDd/eGbf dl' g an cfof] eg] l8luª
ko| fu] ugk'{ b5{ . /fdf| ] l8luªsf nflu lgDglnlvt
s'/fx¿df Wofg lbO{ cEof; u/f“} M
-s_ an cfPsf] lbzflt/ x]g]{
-v_ 3'“8f cln v'DRofpg] / Pp6f v'6\6f yf/] } cufl8 / csf]{ v'6\6f k5fl8 /fVg]
-u_ s'lxgf v'DRofO{ gf8LnfO{ hf]8/] /fVg]
-3_ an xfGg nfUbf 38“' f la:tf/} p7fpg]
-ª_ annfO{ gf8Lsf] efun] xft gvD' RofOsg yfKg]

:jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff÷sIff ^ 95