RS16_social-2 (1)

d/] f] ;fdflhs cWoog
tyf

l;hg{ fTds snf

sIff – @

gk] fn ;/sf/
lzÔf dGqfno
kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|

ks| fzs M gk] fn ;/sf/

lzIff dGqfno

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|

;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/'

ISBN : 999 - 33 - 717 - 2 - 6

© kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] bs| f] lnlvt :jLst[ ljgf o;sf] k/" } jf cfl+ zs efu xa' x' ks| fzg ug,{
kl/jtg{ u//] ks| fzg ug,{ sg' } ljBt' Lo ;fwg jf cGo kl| jlwaf6 /s] 8{ ug{ / kl| tlnlk
lgsfNg kfOg] 5g} . kf7o\ k:' ts ;DaGwdf ;e' mfj ePdf kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b,| ;Dkfbg
tyf ks| fzg zfvfdf k7fOlbgx' g' cg/' fw] 5 .

ky| d ;:+ s/0f M @)%)
kl/dflht{ ;:+ s/0f M @)^#
kg' db{' 0| f M @)^&

‘ljBfno kf7o\ k:' ts tyf kf7o\ ;fduL| 5kfO tyf ljt/0f lgbl{] zsf @)^&’ cg;' f/ of]
kf7o\ k:' ts kj" f~{ rn / klZrdf~rn ljsf; Ifq] sf #@ lhNnfdf dfq zl} Ifs ;q @)^*
sf nflu lghL Ifq] sf db' s| tyf ljt/saf6 lajm| L ljt/0f ug{ :jLst[ kf7o\ k:' ts xf] .

– kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b,| ;fgfl] 7dL,eStk/'

dN" o ? M
db' 0| fM

tkfOn+{ ] lsgs] f] k:' tsdf 5kfOkl| jlw;DaGwL sg' } ql' 6 kmn] f k/d] f pSt k:' ts ljt/s
cyjf :yfgLo laqmt] faf6 ;f6g\ ;Sgx' g' 5] .

– db' s| tyf ljt/s

xfdf| ] egfO

ljBfno txsf] lzIffnfO{ p2Z] odn" s, Jofjxfl/s, ;d;fdlos / /fh] uf/dn" s agfpg ljleGg
;dodf kf7o\ jm| d, kf7o\ k:' ts ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ ug{] sfon{ fO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOb“ } cfPsf] 5 .
ljBfyLd{ f /fi6« / /fli6o« tfkl| t Pstfsf] efjgf kb} f u/fO{ gl} tstf, cgz' f;g / :jfjnDagh:tf
;fdflhs Pjd\ rfl/lqs u0' f tyf cfwf/et" eflifs tyf ul0ftLo ;Lksf] ljsf; u/L lj1fg,
;r" gf kl| jlw, jftfj/0f / :jf:Yo;DaGwL cfwf/et" 1fg / hLjkgfk] ofu] L ;Lksf dfWodn]
snf;fG} bok{ l| t cle?lr hufpg,' l;hg{ zLn ;Lksf] ljsf; u/fpg' / ljleGg hfthflt, lnªu\ ,
wd,{ efiff, ;:+ sl[ tkl| t ;defj hufO{ ;fdflhs dN" o / dfGotfkl| tsf] ;xofu] fTds / lhDdj] f/Lk0" f{
cfr/0f ljsf; u/fpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf ags] f] 5 . oxL cfjZostf kl" ts{ f nflu lzIff;DaGwL
ljleGg cfofu] sf ;e' mfj, lzIfs tyf cleefjsnufot lzIff;u“ ;Da¢ ljleGg JolSt ;lDdlnt
ufi] 7L / cGtlqmo{ fsf lgisifa{ f6 kl/dfhg{ ul/Psf] kf| ylds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d @)^@ cg;' f/ o;
kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; Pjd\ kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . z}lIfs ;q @)^@ df k/LIf0f u/L
k/LIf0faf6 kf| Kt ;e' mfj;dt] o;df ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 .

;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;hg{ fTds snf ljifosf] o; kf7o\ k:' tsdf ;fdflhs, bZ[ osnf tyf
;ªu\ Lt;u“ ;Da4 ljifoj:tn' fO{ ky[ s¿kdf ;o+ fh] g u/L ;fdflhs cWoognfO{ låki[ 7fTds k4ltdf
k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ lqmofsnfkdv' L / ljBfyLs{ G] bL| agfpg /ªu\ Lg lrq /fVg,] l;hg{ fTdstf
a9fpg] vfnsf cEof; ;fduL| ;d6] g\ ] tyf cfjZostfg;' f/ lzIf0f lgbz{] g lbg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
kf7o\ k:' tsdf lbOPsf ljifoj:t' / ljm| ofsnfkx¿ gdg' fsf ¿kdf dfq lbOPsfn] kf7o\ jm| ddf
;dfjz] ul/Psf p2Z] ox¿ xfl;n xg' ] u/L :yfgLo kl/jz] cg;' f/ yk ljifoj:t' / ljm| ofsnfk;dt]
lzIfs :jodn\ ] l;hg{ f u/L k7gkf7g xg' ] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 . lj=;=+ @)%) df dfx] gufk] fn
Gof5o\ f“] ;dt] sf] ;dx" n] nV] ge' Psf] æd/] f] ;/] km/] fÆ] kf7o\ k:' tsnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoogtkm{ lbgfgfy
uft} d, l8saxfb/' /fO{, e"kdl0f lg/f}nf, ;'gLn clwsf/L / l8NnLk|;fb zdf{åf/f n]vg, ;Dkfbg
tyf kl/dfh{g ePsf] xf] . To:t} l;h{gfTds snftkm{ 6fh{g /fO{, k'0ozLn uf}td, gjLGb|
/fhe08f/L, k|bLk nfdf / xgL >]i7åf/f n]vg, ;Dkfbg tyf kl/dfh{g u/fO{ o; ¿kdf tof/
ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] yk kl/dfhg{ sfod{ f sfos{ f/L lgbz{] s xl/afn] vgfnsf] ;dt] ofu] bfg /xs] f]
5 . o;sf] efiff;Dkfbg zDek' ;| fb bfxfn, lji0fk' ;| fb clwsf/L, u0fz] k;| fb e§/fO{ / nfs] ks| fz
kl08tn,] lrqfªs\ g cfj/0f tyf nc] fp6 l8hfOg 6fhg{ /fO,{ uªu\ fw/ zf¿n] tyf 6fOk;l] 6ª
clgn sfsL{ / clgn yfkfn] uge{' Psf] xf] . pxfx“ ¿nufot o;sf] ljsf;df ;n+ Ug ljifo;ldltsf
kbflwsf/L tyf cGo ;an} fO{ kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b| wGojfb ks| 6 ub5{ .

kf7o\ k:' tsnfO{ lzIf0fl;sfOsf] dxŒjk0" f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . cge' jL lzIfs / lh1f;'
ljBfyLn{ ] kf7o\ j|mdåf/f nlIft l;sfOpknlAwnfO{ ljljw ;f| t] / ;fwgsf] ko| fu] u/L cWoog
cWofkg ug{ ;S5g\ . o; kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ;s];Dd lj|mofsnfkd'vL / ?lrs/ agfpg] k|oTg
ul/Psf] 5 tyflk o;df cem} efiffzn} L, ljifoj:t' tyf k:| tl' t / lrqfªs\ gsf bl[ i6n] sdLsdhf/] L
/xs] f xg' ;S5g\ . ltgsf] ;w' f/sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL,{ cleefjs, al' ¢hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk0" f{
kf7sx¿sf] ;dt] dxŒjk0" f{ el" dsf /xg] xb“' f ;Da4 ;as} f] /rgfTds ;e' mfjsf nflu kf7o\ jm| d
ljsf; sG] b| xflbs{ cg/' fw] ub5{ .

gk] fn ;/sf/

lzIff dGqfno

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|

PsfO ! ljifo;"rL ki[ 7
kf7 !
kf7 @ zLifs{ @–&
kf7 # @
PsfO @ cfkm" , cfkm\ gf] kl/jf/ / 5/l5ds] $
dn} ] ug{] sfd ^
kf7 ! kl/jf/n] ug{] sfd *–!%
kf7 @ ;fdfg htg ug{] afgL *
kf7 # xfdf| ] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs dN" o / dfGotf !)
kf7 $ l5ds] Lsf] cfb/ ;Tsf/ !@
l5ds] Lsf] njfOvjfO !$
PsfO # xfdf| rf8kj{
kf7 ! l5ds] sf c;n dflg; !^–!(
kf7 @ !^
;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg !*
PsfO $ ljBfnosf c;xfo tyf ckfªu\ x¿
5/l5ds] sf c;xfo tyf ckfªu\ x¿ @)–@&
kf7 ! @)
kf7 @ gful/s rt] gf @@
kf7 # cfk;L ;xofu] @$
kf7 $ xfdf| ] ;f´f ;DklQ @^
;f´f ;DklQsf] ;/+ If0f
PsfO % kfnf] kvg{ ] afgL @*–#%
@*
kf7 ! xfdf| ] kY[ jL #)
kf7 @ xfdL a;s] f] 7fp“ #@
kf7 # xfdf| ] ufp“ / ;x/ #$
kf7 $ gS;fdf xb] f{ xfdf| ] ufp“
xfdf| ] 7fps“ f] gS;f #^–$!
PsfO ^ #^
xfdf| ] ljut #*
kf7 ! ;fyLsf] hGd lbg $)
kf7 @ ;fyLsf] kl/jf/ klxn] / clxn]
kf7 # xfdf| /fli6o« lrxg\ x¿

PsfO & xfdf| ] cflys{ lqmofsnfk $@–$(
kf7 ! sfdsf] ;Ddfg $@
kf7 @ ;fdfgsf] ;xL ko| fu] $$
kf7 # ufpd“ f pTkfbg xg' ] j:tx' ¿ $^
kf7 $ $*
;x/df ags] f ;fdfgx¿
PsfO ! %)–^&
l;hg{ fTds snf
kf7 ! %)
kf7 @ bZ[ osnf %@
kf7 # %#
kf7 $ /v] flrq agfpg l;sf“} %$
kf7 % /ªx¿ lrgf“} %%
kf7 ^ /ª;u“ vn] f“} %^
kf7 & dg kg{] lrq agfcf“} %&
kf7 * 5kfO u/f“} %*
kf7 ( kftsf] 5fkf lgsfnf“} %(
kf7 !) sfn] fh agfcf“} ^)
kf7 !! /ªu\ Lg kmf6] f] 6f;“ L sfn] fh agfcf“} ^!
kf7 !@ ljleGg j:tx' ¿af6 sfn] fh agfcf“} ^@
kf7 !# df6fsf] sfd u/f“} ^#
df6fa] f6 ljleGg cfsf/x¿ agfcf“}
PsfO @ dgkg{] cfsf/ tyf j:t' agfcf“} ^*–*@
sfuh;DaGwL sfd u/f“}
kf7 !$ ^*
kf7 !% ;ªu\ Lt ^(
kf7 !^ &)
kf7 !& tfndf tfnL ahfcf“} &!
kf7 !* dfbn &@
kf7 !( sÔfut uLt &^
kf7 @) :j/ -cnªs\ f/_ cEof; &(
kf7 @! afnuLt *!
uf8] f / kGhfsf] rfn
uf8] f,kGhf;u“ } sDd/sf] rfn
clego

PsfO ! cfkm" , cfgf] kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]s

kf7 ! d}n] ug{] sfd

d laxfg rf“8} p7\5' . p7]/ bf“t
df‰5' . dv' wG' 5' . To;kl5 k9g\
a:5' . clg vfgf vfP/ ljBfno hfG5' .

d ljBfnodf ;fyL;u“ ldn/] a:5,'
ldlnh'nL v]N5' / k9\5' . xfdL
slxn]sfxL“ ;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/
sIffsf7] f ;kmf u5f“{} . vN] g] rf/} ;kmf
u5f“{} . slxns] fxL“ ;fyLx¿ ldn/] 3D' g
klg hfG5f“} .

d 3/df aa' fcfdfnfO{ ;3fp5“ ' .
pxfx“ ¿n] cxf| Psf] sfd u5{' .
d slxns] fxL“ cfdfnfO{ t/sf/L
sn] fpg ;3fp5“ ' . s/;] faf/Ldf
kfgL xfN5' . 3/leq / aflx/ ;kmf u5{' . ;an} ] dnfO{ dfof
u5g{ \ . ;an} ] dnfO{ c;n gfgL eG5g\ .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿ cfkmn“} ] ug]{ bl} gs sfdx¿ / cfgf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;xofu] ug{] sfdx¿sf]
hfgsf/L /fVg] / ;fx] Lcg;' f/ Jojxf/df ;dt] ptf¿g\ eGg] p2Z] o /xs] fn] afnaflnsfnfO{
pgLx¿n] sfd cfkm“} ug{] / c¿nfO{ ;xofu] ug{] ks| f/sf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

2 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= sg' sfd laxfg, lbp;“ f] / an] s' f ul/G5 < tflnsfdf nv] M

vfhf vfg,] aQL afNg], bf“t df‰g]

laxfg lbp;“ f] a]n'sL

=============== ================== ===================

@= ljBfnodf ug{] sfd / 3/df ug{] sfd tnsf] tflnsfdf nv] M

3/df ug]{ sfd ljBfnodf ug]{ sfd

-s_ ux[ sfo{ ug{] -s_ sIffsf7] f ;˚f ug]{
-v_ ======================= -v_ ========================

#= tn lbOPsfdWo] ltdLn] ug{] sfddf lr≈g - _ nufpm M

uf8L rnfpg] vt] vGg] vfgf ksfpg]

ljBfno hfg] dv' wg' ] la/fdL hfR“ g]

sIffsf7] f ;kmf /fVg] 3/ agfpg] ;˚f ug{]

$= ltdL cf˚n“} ] ug{ ;Sg] sfd / ug{ g;Sg] sfd ss] ] xg' \ < tflnsfdf

nv] M

ug{ ;Sg] sfd ug{ g;Sg] sfd

-s_ =================== -s_ ===================
-v_ =================== -v_ ===================

d cfkmn" ] ;Sg] sfd cfkm“} u5{' . d 3/sf] sfddf klg ;xofu] u5{' .

;fdflhs cWoog 3

kf7 @ kl/jf/n] ug]{ sfd

xl/sf aa' f vt] df vghft]
ugx{' G' 5 . cfdfn] dss} f] lap
/fK] gx' G' 5 . xl/sf kl/jf/sf
;ah} gf ldn/] vt] af/Ldf sfd
u5g{ \ . vt] af/Ldf sfd ug{]
dflg;nfO{ ls;fg elgG5 .
xl/sf aa' fcfdf klg ls;fg xg' \ . cfdfn] xl/nfO{ vfhf Nofpg
eGge' of] . pgn] aa' fcfdfnfO{ vfhf nlulbP .

uf/} Lsf aa' fsf] sk8f k;n 5 .
pxfn“ ] k;ndf y/Ly/Lsf sk8f
aR] gx' G' 5 . k;ndf sfd ug{]
dflg;nfO{ k;n] elgG5 .

zld{nfsL lbbL ljBfnodf
k9fpgx' G' 5 . pxfn“ fO{ ;ah} gfn]
dlxnf lzIfs eG5g\ . /dz] sf
aa' f sfofn{ odf sfd ugx{' G' 5 .
sfofn{ odf sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ sdr{ f/L elgG5 . efhd' fgsf aa' f
3/sf] uf/f] nufpgx' G' 5 . 3/ agfpg] dflg;nfO{ 8sdL{ elgG5 .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g M
o; kf7df kl/jf/sf] k;] f atfpg / k;] fsf ks| f/af/] hfgsf/L kf| Kt ug{ / ;xofu] ug{
l;sfpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] xb“' f pgLx¿nfO{ cfgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:on] ug{] k];f eGg nufO{ ;a}
ks| f/sf k;] f;u“ kl/lrt u/fpg] lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf;] \ .

4 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk k;n ug]{ dflg;
3/sf] uf/f] nufpg] dflg;
!= hf]8f ldnfpm M sfofn{ odf sfd ug{] dflg;
vt] af/Ldf sfd ug{] dflg;
-s_ ls;fg ljBfnodf k9fpg] dflg;
-v_ lzIfs
-u_ k;n]
-3_ 8sdL{
-ª_ sd{rf/L

@= ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf dflg;x¿ s;n] s] sfd u5g{ \ < tnsf] tflnsfdf
n]v M

ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf dflg; ss] ] sfd u5{g\ <
-s_ ============= -s_ =============

-v_ ============= -v_ =============

#= ltdL aa' fcfdfnfO{ sg' sg' sfddf s;/L ;3fp5“ f,} ;fyLx¿;“u
ldn]/ clego u/L bv] fpm .

$= efhd' fgsf aa' f 8sdL{ xg' \ . pgsf aa' fn] xyf8} f, wfuf,] 3G6L ko| fu]
u5g{ \ . ltdL klg cfgf] kl/jf/sf dflg;n] ko| fu] ug{] ;fdfgx¿sf]
gfd nv] .

%= ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf dflg;n] ko| fu] ug{] bO' c{ f6] f ;fdfgsf] lrq agfpm .

d d]/f] kl/jf/n] ug{] sfd atfpg ;S5' . 5

;fdflhs cWoog

kf7 # ;fdfg htg ug{] afgL

hdg' f ;ft jifs{ L eOg\ . pgL bO' {
sIffdf k9l\ 5g\ . hdg' f cfgf ;fdfg
;w“} 7Ls 7fpd“ f /flV5g\ . lstfadf
uftf nufpl“ 5g\ . u?' cfdfn] egc] g;' f/
sIffsfo{ ul5g{ \ . nv] k9 u/k] l5
lstfa, sfkL / snd emf]nfdf
/flV5g\ . cfgf] n'uf ;kmf /flV5g\ .
vn] fg} fx¿ htg ul5g{ \ . vfgs] /' fx¿ 5fk] /] /flV5g\ . vfgs] /' fx¿
v/] kmflNbgg\ .

hdg' f cfkm;" u“ gePsf ;fdfgx¿
;fyLaf6 lnlG5g\ . sfd ;lsPkl5
;fyLnfO{ lkmtf{ ul5g{ \ . ;fyL;u“
gePsf] ;fdfg cfkmn" ] klg lblG5g\ .
cfkmn" ] lbPsf] ;fdfg sfd ;lsPkl5
lkmtf{ lnlG5g\ . hdg' fsf] c¿nfO{
;xofu] ug{] afgL 5 . c¿af6
klg ;xofu] lng] afgL 5 . cfxf ⁄ slt /fdf| ] hdg' fsf] afgL .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
o; kf7df afnaflnsfnfO{ cfgf] ;fdfgsf] k|ofu] / htg ug{ l;sfpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] x“b' f
pgLx¿nfO{ ;fdfgsf] ko| f]u / htg ug]{ tl/sf clego tyf 5nkmn u/fP/ l;sfpgx' f;] \ .

6 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= tnsf 7Ls sfdx¿ dfq cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/ M

-s_ xfdLn] lstfanfO{ dfof ug'{k5{ .
-v_ lstfadf uftf nufpgx' '“b}g .
-u_ cfgf] nu' f ;kmf /fVgk' 5{ .
-3_ cfkmn" fO{ a9L ePsf] vfg]s/' f kmfNgk' 5{ .

@= ltdL cfgf] ;fdfgsf] htg s;/L u5f}{ < tflnsfdf nv] M

;fdfgx¿ s;/L htg ug]{ <

lstfa emfn] fdf /fv/]
n'uf ================

#= clxn;] Dd ltdLn] s'gs'g ;fdfg ;fyLnfO{ lbP/ ;xof]u
u¥of} < ltd|f ;fyLn] s'gs'g ;fdfg lbP/ ;xof]u
u/,] gfd nv] M

ltdLn] ;fyLnfO{ lbPsf] ;fdfg ;fyLn] ltdLnfO{ lbPsf] ;fdfg

d ;fdfgsf] htg u5{' . d ;fyL;u“ gePsf] ;fdfg lbG5' /
cfkm" ;u“ gePsf] ;fdfg ;fyL;u“ dfu/] ;xofu] lnG5' .

;fdflhs cWoog 7

PsfO @ xfdf| ] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs dN" o / dfGotf

kf7 ! l5ds] Lsf] cfb/ ;Tsf/

Zofd ;x/df a:5g\ . pgsf
l5ds] L klg w/] } 5g\ . pgsf ;a}
l5ds] L ldng;f/ 5g\ . cfgf]
3/df cfPsf l5d]ssf 7"nf
dflg;nfO{ pgL gd:sf/ u5g{ \ .
;fgfnfO{ dfof u5{g\ .
cfkm";dfgsf ;fyL;“u ldn]/
vN] 5g\ .

/df ufpd“ f al:5g\ . pgsf]
ufp“df 3/x¿ yf]/} 5g\ .
cfgf] 3/eGbf w]/} 6f9f
/xs] f dflg;nfO{ klg pgL
/fd/| L lrlG5g\ . pgL cfgf]
3/df cfPsf l5ds] LnfO{
;Tsf/ ul5{g\ . 3/df
cfpgs' f] sf/0f ;fl] W5g\ . pgsf] l5ds] Lx¿;u“ /fdf| ] ;DaGw 5 .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿sf l5d]ssf dflg;sf] kl/ro ug{ gftf / nufP/ cfb/fyL{ zAb
k|of]u u/L af]Ng k|]l/t ug'{xf];\ .

8 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdL ;x/df a:5f} ls ufpd“ f <

@= ltdL a;s] f] 7fpd“ f 3/x¿ w/] } 5g\ ls yf]/} <

#= ltdL cfgf] 3/glhs a:g] dflg;nfO{ s] eG5f} <

$=ltd|f l5d]sLsf] gfd / pgLx¿n] ug]{ sfd tnsf

tflnsfdf n]v M

l5ds] Lsf] gfd sfd

-s_ =============== ==================
-v_ =============== ==================
-u_ =============== ==================

%= ;fyL;“u ldn]/ cfgf l5d]sLnfO{ ul/g] cfb/ ;Tsf/sf]
clego u/ .

^= tn lbPh:t} ltdf| ] kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5ds] df ko| fu] ul/g]
cfb/fyL{ zAbx¿ nv] M
k0| ffd, bzg{ ============== ========= ===========

&= Zofdn] cfgf] 3/df cfPsf l5ds] LnfO{ s;/L ;Tsf/ u5g{ \ .
*= /dfsf] afgL ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <

xfdL xfd|f l5ds] LnfO{ cfb/ ;Tsf/ u5f}{“ . 9

;fdflhs cWoog

kf7 @ l5d]sLsf] njfOvjfO

xfd|f] l5ds] df w/] }
hfthfltsf dflg; a:5g\ .
pgLx¿n] nufpg] n'uf
km/skm/s lsl;dsf 5g\ .
afN] g] efiff / rf8kj{ klg
km/skm/s 5g\ . To;n} ] xfdf|
l5ds] Lx¿sf] /xg;xg
km/skm/s 5 .

xfdf| l5ds] Lsf] vt] af/L klg

5 . vt] af/Ldf wfg, ds,} sfb] f,]

e6df; cflb kmN5g\ .

pgLx¿ cfgf] v]taf/Ldf

kmn]sf vfg]s'/fx¿ vfG5g\ .

pgLx¿n] ufO,{ e;“} L afvf| , ;u“' /'

;Gt'lnt vfgs] /' f cflb kfns] f 5g\ . logLx¿af6
bw" / df;' kfOG5 . xfdf|

l5ds] Lx¿n] c¿ vfgs] /' f ahf/af6 lsg/] Nofp5“ g\ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
dfly lbOPsf afx]s c¿ w]/} nufpg] n'uf / vfg]s/' fsf] gfd ljBfyLn{ ] hfg]sf x'g ;S5g\ .
kf7 ;?' ug'e{ Gbf klxn] pgLx¿nfO{ eGg] df}sf lbgk' b{5, o;f] ubf{ afnaflnsfsf] vfh] L ug{]
/ l;Sg] afgLsf] ljsf; x'G5 . cfkmn" ] klg n'uf / vfgs] /' fsf] gfd elglbg'k5{ .

10 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| l5ds] Ln] s:tfs:tf n'uf nufp5“ g\ <

@= ltd|f] l5d]ssf ;a}eGbf w/] } dflg;n] nufpg] nu' fx¿ ss] ] x'g\ <

#= ltdL / l5ds] Ln] nufpg] nu' fdf s] km/s 5 <

$= ltdLn] vfg] kfr“ cf]6f vfg]s/' fsf] gfd n]v .

%= kf;fªn] pgsf Pshgf l5ds] Ln] vfg] vfgs] /' fsf] tflnsf o;/L e/] M

vfg]s'/f sxf“af6 k|fKt x'G5 <

rfdn cfg} v]taf/Laf6

;fu;AhL cfg} s/;] faf/Laf6

bw" cfkmn" ] kfn]sf] ufOa{ f6

v';f{gL l5d]sLaf6 kr“} f] lnP/

df;' ahf/af6 lsg/]

kf;fªn] h:t} ltdf| ] l5ds] Ln] vfg] vfgs] /' fsf af/d] f ;fw] /] nv] .

^= vfnL 7fp“ e/
-s_ vt] af/Ldf ======================= ˚N5 . -wfg, rfdn_
-v_ l5ds] Lsf] /xg;xg ======================= 5 . -˚/s˚/s, p:t_}
-u_ bw" ========================== af6 kfOG5 . - ufO,{ sv' /' f _
-3_ ;a} l5ds] Ln] ========================== vfgf vfG5g\ .
- Ps} vfnsf,] y/Ly/Lsf _

d/] f l5ds] Ln] y/Ly/Lsf vfgs] /' f vfG5g,\ y/Ly/Lsf
n'uf nufp“5g\ .

;fdflhs cWoog 11

kf7 # xfd|f rf8kj{

xfdf| ] 5/l5ds] df w/] } ks| f/sf rf8kj{
dgfOG5g\ . bLkfsf] 3/df b;,“} ltxf/, tLh
dgfp“5g\ . b;}“df eujtLsf] kh" f
cf/fwgf u5g{ \ . ltxf/df sfu, ss' /' ,
ufO,{ nIdL / bfhe' fOsf] kh" f xG' 5 .
tLhdf eujfg\ lzj / Clifsf] kh" f xG' 5 .

˚'jf{sf] 3/df Nxf;] f/ dgfp5“ g\ .
Nxf;] f/df /fdf| /fdf| nu' f nufP/
gfrufg u5g{ \ . dL7fdL7f vfgs] /' f
vfG5g\ . /fdbf;sf] 3/df 57kj{
dgfp5“ g\ . 57df tnfp / gbLdf
uP/ gx' fp5“ g\ . ;o" s{ f] kh" f u5g{ \ .
;lndsf] 3/df Ob dgfp5“ g\ . Obdf jt| a:5g\ / ul/anfO{ bfg
u5g{ \ . Pln;fsf] 3/df lqm;d; dgfp5“ g\ .
o; kjd{ f 3/3/df aQL afn/] kmn" n]
;hfp5“ g\ . bLkf, ˚j' f,{ Pln;f / ;lnd
Pscsfn{ fO{ cfgf] rf8kjd{ f afn] fp5“ g\ .
pgLx¿ ;fyLsf] rf8kjd{ f klg hfG5g\
/ /dfOnf] u5g{ \ .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
dfly gdg' fsf ¿kdf sx] L dfq rf8kjs{ f gfd lbOPsf 5g\ . cf–cfgf] 7fpc“ g;' f/ ljleGg
rf8kj{ dgfpg] ul/G5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ To:tf rf8kja{ f/] yfxf xg' ;S5 . pgLx¿nfO{
cfkmn" ] dgfOg] rf8kjs{ f gfd / dgfOg] tl/sf eGg lbg] cj;/ lbgk' b5{ . 5/l5ds] df dgfOg]
rf8kjd{ f efu lng] xf;} nf lbgx' f;] \ .

12 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= xfd|f rf8kjd{ Wo] s'g} tLgcf6] fsf] gfd eg .
@= ltdL s'gs'g rf8 dgfp“5f} < n]v .
#= ltd|f l5d]sLx¿n] s'gs'g rf8kj{ dgfp“5g\ < x]/]/ jf ;f]w]/

n]v .
$= ltdLn] dgfpg] sg' sg' rf8df ss] ] u5f{} / ss] ] vfgs] /' f vfG5f} <

tnsf] tflnsf e//] bv] fpm M

rf8sf] gfd ss] ] u5f}{ < ss] ] vfG5f} <
b;“} kh" f df;,' lrp/f
============= ================ =================
============= ================ =================

%= ltdf| ] ufp3“ /df rf8kjd{ f ufOg] sg' } Pp6f uLt 5fg . ;a}
;fyL ldn/] ufpm / gfr .

^= hf8] f ldnfπ M

Nxf;] f/ ;o" s{ f] kh" f

ltxf/ sfusf] kh" f

Ob ¿vnfO{ ;hfpg]

lqm;d; lxdfnL Ifq] df dgfOg] rf8

ul/anfO{ bfg

xfdL jif{el/df w/] } lsl;dsf rf8kj{ dgfp5“ f“} .

;fdflhs cWoog 13

kf7 $ l5ds] sf c;n dflg;

ldª\df xfd|f ufp“l5ds] sf Pshgf c;n dflg; xg' \ . pgL
;wh“} ;f] 5/l5d]ssf] xfnva/ a'‰g ufp“lt/ hfG5g\ . cfh
klg pgL ufp“lt/ lx“8] .

hfb“ fhfb“ } sx] L k/ ku' k] l5 pgn] ljBfnosf] 5fgf] xfjfn] p8fPsf]
bv] ] . pgn] To;nfO{
dd{t ug'{kg]{ s'/f
;f]r] . lx“8\b} hf“bf
kfgLsf] kfOk km'6]/
af6fel/ kfgL au]sf]
b]v] . pgn] dgdg}
kfgL /fS] g] pkfo ;fr] ] .
pgn] cfkm;" u“ ePsf]
Knfl:6s km6' s] f] kfOkdf
afw“ ] . To;af6 kfgL /fl] sof] . To;kl5 pgL /ldnfsf] 3/df
k;] . Toxf“ /ldnfsL 5f/] Lsf] lax] lyof] . l5ds] sf ;a} dflg; Toxf“
en] f ePsf lyP . pgn] cfpb“ f bv] s] f ;a} s/' f ufpn“ n] fO{ ;g' fP .
;a} ldn/] ljBfnosf] 5fgf] / ˚6' s] f] kfOk agfpg] ;Nnfx u/] .
To;kl5 ldªd\ f ljjfxdf ;xofu] ug{ yfn] .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
dfly n]lvPsf s/' f pbfx/0f dfq x'g\ . ;db' fodf cGo ;fj{hlgs :yn, /Lltl:yltsf s'/fx¿
x'g ;S5g\ . o:tf lj|mofsnfk afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm}“ eGg nufpg'xf;] \ / c;n dflg;sf] vfh] L
u/L ;Ddfg ug{] k|/] 0ff lbg'xf];\ .

14 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= o; kf7df lbPsf c;n dflg; sf] x'g\ <

@= ldª\dfn] s]s] b]v] / s]s] u/], kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf]
tflnsf e/]/ b]vfpm M

b]v]sf s'/f u/s] f s'/f

-s_ kfOk ˚6' s] f] Knfl:6sn] afw“ ]sf]
-v_ ================ ================
-u_ ================ ================
-3_ ================
================

#= ltdf| 5/l5ds] df Pscfk;df ;xofu] ug{] dflg; sfs] f] 5g\ <
aa' fcfdf;u“ ;fw] /] pgsf] gfd nv] .

$= l5d]ssf c;n dflg;x¿n] c¿sf] enfOsf nflu u/]sf
sfdx¿ n]v .

%= tn lbOPsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP - _ / a7] Ls eP - _ lr≈g nufπ M
-s_ /fd|f] sfd ug]{ l5ds] LnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{k' 5{ .
-v_ ljBfno agfpg] sfd PSn} ugk'{ 5{ .
-u_ l5ds] L la/fdL x'“bf cf}ifwL lbg'k5{ .
-3_ l5d]sLsf] 3/df lax] x“b' f ;xof]u ug'{kb{}g .
-ª_ ;a} l5ds] L;u“ ldn/] a:gk' 5{ .

xfdL /fdf| ] sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ cfb/ u5f{ “} . 15

;fdflhs cWoog

PsfO # ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg

kf7 ! ljBfnosf c;xfo tyf ckfª\ux¿

xfdf| ] sIffdf Pp6f xft gePsf] Pshgf ;fyL 5g\ . pgnfO{ xfdL
;an} ] emfn] faf6 lstfa, sfkL l´Sg, /fVg / cGo s'/fdf
;xofu] u5f{“} . sIff Psdf k9g\ ] /Ltfsf afac' fdf 5g} g\ . ljBfnon]
pgsf] lstfa, sfkL lslglbG5 . xfdL klg pgnfO{ dbt u5f“{} .
sIffdf /fdn] afn] s] f] /fdf| ] al' em“ bg} . pgsf] xfpefp x/] /] s/' f
a‰' gk' 5{ / hjfkm lbgk' 5{ . pgnfO{ afN] gdf ;xofu] ugk{' b5{ .
sIffdf csL{ ;fyL ;lagfn] Pp6f uf8] f 6S] g ;lStgg\ . pgnfO{

lzIf0f lgb{]zg M
dfly nl] vPsf s/' fx¿ pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf dfq xg' \ . c¿ w/] } ks| f/sf c;xfo / ckfªu\ x¿
xg' ;S5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf ug{] u/s] f cGo Jojxf/sf] cjnfs] g u/fpgk' b5{ . c;xfo
/ ckfªu\ kl| t ;sf/fTds wf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos k/]| 0ff lbgx' f;] \ .

16 ;fdflhs cWoog

lx8“ 8n' ug{ c¿sf] ;xf/f rflxG5 . xfdL pgnfO{ ;xofu] /
dfof u5f“{} . pgL k9g\ nV] g l;kfn' l5g\ . xfdL ghfgs] f s/' f
pgLaf6 l;S5f“} .

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL ljBfno s;/L hfg]cfpg] u5f}{“ <

@= ltdf| ] ljBfnodf s:tfs:tf c;xfo / ckfªu\ ;fyLx¿ 5g\ <
pgLx¿nfO{ s:tf] ;xof]u rflxG5, pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t}
tflnsfdf b]vfpm M

gfd s] ePsf] xf] sIff s:tf] ;xofu] rflxG5 <
Zofd
;fgd} f n8/] Pp6f @ ljBfno hfb“ fcfpb“ f
==========
========== uf]8f ef“lrPsf] 8f¥] ofpgk' 5{ .
==========
========== ========================= ===== ============================

========================= ===== ============================

========================= ===== ============================

========================= ===== ============================

#= ltdf| ] ;fyL n8/] lx8“ g\ g;ss] f] cj:yfdf ltdL s;/L ;xofu]
u5f{} <

$= tn lbOPsf ;fdfgx¿ s:tf] dflg;nfO{ rflxG5 <
a;} fvL, ;t] f] n7\7L, dfOjm| f]˚f]g, l≈jnlro/

xfdL ljBfnosf c;xfo / ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u u5f}{“ .

;fdflhs cWoog 17

kf7 @ 5/l5d]ssf c;xfo tyf ckfªu\ x¿

k'5f/3/] sfsL hGd“b} ckfª\u lyOg\ . pgsf] b]a]|
xft ;fgf] 5 . pgnfO{ bj' } xftn] ugk{' g{] sfddf
sfsfn] ;3fp“5g\ .

7"nf3/] jL/dfg bfO cf“vf b]Vbg} g\ . pgL
PSn} lx“88'n ug{ ;St}gg\ . n7\7L 6]s]/

slxns] fxL“ ahf/;Dd
k'U5g\ . pgsf] ;a} sfddf efph" /
kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] dbt u5g{ \ .

ufp3“ /, ;x/ahf/ hxf“;'s} c;xfo
/ ckfªu\ x¿ xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿ klg
xfdLh:t}
dflg; x'g\ .
pgLx¿nfO{ c¿sf] ;xfotf
rflxG5 . c;xfonfO{ ;xfotf ug{'
xfdf| ] sfd xf] .

lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
dfly nl] vPsf ljj/0fx¿ pbfx/0f dfq xg' \ . 5/l5ds] df ePsf c;xfo / ckfªu\ x¿sf] ljj/0f
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ eGg nufpgx' f;] ,\ h;af6 pgLx¿sf] vfh] L ug{] afgLsf] ljsf; xf;] \ . pgLx¿n]
eGg g;s]sf ckfª\utfsf k|sf/x¿ eg]/ ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ . sIffdf c;xfo / ckfª\ux¿
/xs] f 5g\ eg] pgLx¿sf] efjgfdf cfr“ k¥' ofpg] vfnsf ljm| ofsnfk u/fpgx' b'“ g} . pgLx¿nfO{
;Ddflgt bl[ i6sf0] fn] xg] k{' 5{ .

18 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 5/l5d]sdf ePsf c;xfo / ckfª\ux¿sf] vf]hL u/L
gfd n]v .

@= Pp6f uf]8f gePsf] dflg;sf] lrq agfpm .

#= tn tflnsfdf lbOPsf ckfª\u / c;xfonfO{ s] eG5g\ <
pgLx¿nfO{ s:tf] ;xofu] rflxG5 <

s:tf dflg; s] eG5g\ s:tf] ;xofu] rflxG5 <

!=;Q/L jifs{ f] dflg; a9" f] af6f] sf6b\ f 8f¥] ofpgk' 5{ .

@=Pp6f xft gePsf]

#=Pp6f uf8] f vfR] ofpg]

$=cfv“ f gb]Vg]

%=sfg g;'Gg]

$= cfv“ f gb]Vg], Pp6f uf]8f gePsf,] xft gePsf], sfg g;G' g] /
af]Ng g;Sgn] fO{ s;/L dbt u5f{} < clego u/L b]vfπ .

%= a'afcfdf gePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
^= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ cf“vf gb]Vg] dflg;n] ======================sf] dfWodaf6 k9\5 .
- an]| lnlk, /fd] glnlk _

-v_ sfg g;G' g] dflg;n] ================ sf] dfWodaf6 k95\ .

- xft, ;ªs\ t] _

xfdL l5ds] sf c;xfo / ckfª\unfO{ dbt u5f“}{ .

;fdflhs cWoog 19

PsfO $ gful/s r]tgf

kf7 ! cfk;L ;xofu]

of] ;l/tfsf] ufp“ xf] .
pgsf] l5ds] df /df,
bLkf / kjgsf 3/
5g\ . pgLx¿ ldn/]
a:5g\ . ldn/] sfd
u5g{ \ . ldn/] rf8kj{
dgfp5“ g\ . rf8kj{
dgfpb“ f cfgf 3/df ePsf ;fdfgn] dfq k'Ub}g . cfkm";“u
ePsf ;fdfg Pscsf{df ;f6f;f6 u5{g\ .

s'zn sIff bO' d{ f k9\5g\ . pgL ;fyL;u“ ldn]/ a:5g\ . pgL
cfkm;" “u gePsf ;fdfg ;fyL;“u
dfU5g\ . tL ;fdfgaf6 sfd
lnO;sk] l5 ;fyLnfO{ lkmtf{ u5g{ \ .
sz' nsf] o:tf] /fd|f] afgL ;an} fO{
dg k5{ . ;an} ] pgsf] kz| ;+ f u5g{ \ .
pgsf ;fyLx¿n] klg sz' nn] h:t}
c¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5g{ \ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g M
– afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfkm;" “u ePsf ;fdfgx¿ cfjZos kbf{ ;fyLnfO{ lbg'k5{ / cf˚n" fO{
cfjZos kbf{ lngk' 5{ eGg] wf/0ff a;fpg] ljleGg lj|mofsnfk u/fpgx' f];\ .
– afnaflnsfnfO{ 5/l5d]s / gftfuft] fsf dflg;nfO{ ;xofu] ug{ kl|] /t ugx{' f];\ .

20 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= ;l/tfsf l5d]sLx¿ lsg c;n 5g\ <

@= s'zn ;fyLx¿af6 lnPsf] ;fdfg s] u5{g\ <
#= ltdL c¿;“u s;/L ;xof]u lnG5f} < clego u/]/ b]vfpm .
$= ltdL ;fyLx¿nfO{ sg' sg' sfddf ;xofu] k¥' ofp“5f} <
%= 7Ls eP - _ / a]7Ls eP - _ lr≈g nufπ M

-s_ ;fyL;“u lnPsf] snd sfd ;lsPkl5 l˚tf{ lbgk' 5{ .
-v_ l5d]sLnfO{ cfgf] sg' } ;fdfg lbgx' '“bg} .
-u_ ;fyL;“u gePsf] ;fdfg lbP/ ;xofu] ug'{k5{ .
-3_ c¿;“u ;xof]u lng]lbg] sfd /fd|f] xf]Og .
^= tnsf] lrq x]/L j0fg{ u/ M

xfdLn] lrgh] fgs] f dflg;;u“ ;xofu] lng] / lbg] ugk{' 5{ .

;fdflhs cWoog 21

kf7 @ xfd|f] ;femf ;DklQ

e"if0fsf] 3/glhs} rft} f/f] 5 .
rf}tf/fdf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ .
rft} f/fg] lhs} wf/f] 5 . wf/fsf]
clndfly dlGb/ 5 . dlGb/
k'/fgf] 5 . dlGb/glhs} kf6L
5 . kf6Ldf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ .
kf6L;“u} k;n 5 . k;ndf
dflg;x¿ ;fdfg lsga]r
u5{g\ . e"if0f klg cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg ToxL“ lsG5g\ .
ei" f0fsf] 3/glhs} xn' fs 3/ klg 5 . cfkmGtx¿n] x'nfsaf6
lr7Lkqx¿ k7fp5“ g\ . pgsf] 3/glhs rf/} klg 5 . ei" f0f
rf}/df ;fyLx¿;u“ v]N5g\ .

ei" f0fsf] 3/glhs} /xs] f rft} f/f,]
wf/f, kf6L, xn' fs 3/, rf}/,
:jf:Yo rf}sL, ljBfno cflb
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ x'g\ .
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ xfdL ;a}sf]
;femf ;DklQ xf] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;fjh{ lgs :ynsf] hfgsf/L u/fpgsf nflu ljBfno / To;jl/kl/ ePsf
:ynx¿sf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ ;jh{ flgs ;DklQx¿sf] ;r" L agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .

22 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M

-s_ dlGb/ s:tf] 5 <

-v_ e"if0fsf] 3/glhs} s]s] 5g\ <
-3_ x'nfsaf6 dflg; s] u5{g\ <
-ª_ dflg;x¿ :jf:Yo rfs} L lsg hfG5g\ <
@= ltd|f] 3/glhs} s'gs'g ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿ 5g\ < gfd nv] .
#= tnsf] lrq x]/ / j0f{g u/ M

$= kf7sf] cfwf/df vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ rf}tf/fg] lhs} ================= 5 .
-v_ =============== df dflg; ;fdfg lsGg hfG5g\ .
-u_e"if0f ================== df vN] 5g\ .
-3_e"if0fsf] ufp“df ================= klg 5 .

wf/f, sj' f, xn' fs3/, rf/} , :jf:Yo rfs} L, ljBfno,
jg, rf}tf/f], kf]v/L, af6f,] kn' cflb xfd|f ;femf
;DklQ xg' \ .

;fdflhs cWoog 23

kf7 # ;femf ;DklQsf] ;/+ If0f

wf/f, sj' f, Ogf/, kf6Lkf}jf, ljBfno, rf/} , kfv] /L, af6f] cflb
xfdf| ;femf ;DklQ x'g\ . logLx¿sf] jl/kl/ ;˚f ug{k' 5{ .
ljBfno ejg elTsof] eg] k9g\ / nV] g c;'ljwf xG' 5 . To;}n]
ljBfnosf 8S] ; / a]Grx¿ htg ug{k' 5{ . rft} f/f] klg xfdL
;as} f] ;femf ;DklQ xf] . oxf“ dflg;x¿ cf/fd u5g{ \ . rft} f/f]
elTsof] eg] dflg;nfO{ a:g c;l' jwf xG' 5 . To;}n] elTsPsf
rf}tf/fnfO{ ;a} ldn]/ agfpg'k5{ .

a; / 6]lnkmfg] klg ;fjh{ lgs
pkofu] sf ;fwg xg' \ . oL xfdf|
;femf ;DklQ xg' \ . 6f9f6f9f;Dd
va/ k7fpg, 6f9fsf] va/ kfpg
6l] nkmfg] n] ;xofu] k¥' ofp5“ . To;n} ]

6l] nkmfg] sf] tf/ r8“' fpg'
x'“b}g . To;nfO{ htg
ugk{' 5{ . d7dlGb/, uD' af,
kf6Lkfj} fsf] klg ;/+ If0f
ugk{' 5{ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ glhs}sf ;fjh{ lgs :ynsf] cjnfs] g u/fpgx' f;] \ / ltgLx¿sf] gfd
eGg nufpg] lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
– afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs :ynsf ;fwgx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ tl/sfx¿ l;sfpg'xf];\
/ ;+/If0f ug{ pTkl]| /t xg' ] ljm| ofsnfk u/fpgx' f];\ .

24 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm b]pm M
-s_ ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿sf] gfd n]v .
-v_ wf/f, sj' f / Ogf/ s;/L ;kmf /fVg'k5{ <
-u_ ljBfno elTsof] eg] s] ug'k{ b5{ <
-3_ rft} f/fsf] lsg ;/+ If0f ugk{' b5{ <
-ª_ 6l] nkmfg] sf] htg s;/L ugk'{ b{5 <

@= ltdL ltd|f] ;d'bfodf ePsf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf]
;+/If0f s;/L u5f{}, nv] .

#= tnsf] lrq x/] / s] eO/x]sf] 5, n]v M

$= ltdL ljBfnosf] wf/fdf kfgL vfg hfb“ f kª\lStdf a; / ltdf|
;fyLx¿ kª\lStdf a;]ga;]sf] x]/L lzIfsnfO{ atfπ .

xfdLn] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / htg ug'{k5{ .

;fdflhs cWoog 25

kf7 $ kfnf] kvg{ ] afgL

;lagfsf] 3/ kxf8df 5 . pgL Pslbg
aa' f;u“ dlGb/ uOg\ . dflg;x¿ dlGb/df
kª\lSt nfus] f /x5] g\ . pgLx¿ klg
kª\lStdf a;] . cfgf] kfnf] cfPkl5
bz{g u//] 3/ kms{] .

/fdj/0fsf sfsf jL/uGhsf]
ljBfnodf k9fp5“ g\ . sfsfnfO{
va/ k7fpg pgsf aa' f 6l] nkmfg]
ug{ uP . Toxf“ 6l] nkmfg] ugx{] ¿sf]
kªl\ St nfus] f] /x5] . pgsf aa' f
klg kªl\Stdf a;] . pgL sfsf;u“ 6l]nkmfg] df s/' fsfgL u/L 3/ ˚s{] .

kf;fªsf] ufpd“ f Pp6f wf/f] 5 .
ufpn“ x] ¿ kfnk} fnf] wf/fdf kfgL e5g{ \ .
cfdf;u“ kf;fª klg ToxL“ gx' fpb“ } lyP .
To;} an] f /fh' kfgL yfKg cfP . pgn]
klxnf /fhn' fO{ kfnf] lbP . /fhn' ] kfgL
yflk;sk] l5 pgn] gx' fP .

lzIf0f lgb{]zg M
– afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;fjh{ lgs :yndf kªl\ Stdf a:g kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ . ljBfnosf] sIffsf7] fdf
nfOgdf a;/] k:g / aflx/ lg:sb“ f klg kfnk} fnf] lg:sg l;sfpgx' f;] \ .
– afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ wf/f, 6]lnkmf]g, a;, x'nfs3/, dlGb/ cflb :yfgx¿df kªl\ St
a:g'k5{ eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fp“b} To;cg';f/ u/]gu/]sf] cjnf]sg u/L kª\lStdf a:g
k|]l/t ug'{xf];\ .

26 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ ;lagf lsg dlGb/ uOg\ <
-v_ ;lagf / pgsf aa' fn] dlGb/df s;/L bzg{ u/] <
-u_/fdj/0fsf sfsfnfO{ pgsf aa' fn] s;/L va/ u/] <
-3_wf/fdf kfgL lng hf“ bf le8 eP s] ugk{' 5{ <
-ª_ ;fj{hlgs 7fp“df lsg kfnf] kv{gk' 5{ <

@= tnsf] lrq x/] / ltdL eP s] u5f,{} nv] M

#= wf/f, dlGb/, xn' fs cflb ;fjh{ lgs ;j] f ko| fu] ubf{ lsg kªl\ Stdf
a:gk' 5{ < ;fw] /] nv] .

xfdLn] ;fjh{ lgs 7fpd“ f kfnf] kv{g'k5{ . 27

;fdflhs cWoog

PsfO % xfd|f] kY[ jL

kf7 ! xfdL a;]sf] 7fp“

uf]s'n ;x/df a:5g\ .
pgL a:g] ;x/ t/fOd{ f
k5{ . t/fO{ ;dy/ 7fp“
xf] . ;dy/ 7fp“df
psfnfc] f/] fnf] lx8“ g\ ' kbg{} .
lx8“ g\ ;lhnf] xG' 5 . ;dy/ 7fpd“ f df6] /af6f] agfpg ;lhnf]
xG' 5 . To:tf] 7fp“df dflg;sf] a:tL klg afSnf] xG' 5 .

uªu\ f ufpd“ f al:5g\ . uªu\ fsf] ufp“ kxf8df 5 . kxf8 cUnf]
7fp“ xf] . kxf8df xfr] f 7fpx“ ¿ klg xG' 5g\ . xfr] f 7fpn“ fO{ a;“] L

elgG5 . uªu\ fsf] vt]
a]“;Ldf 5 . kxf8df
sts} t} ulx/f 7fp“ klg
xG' 5g\ . To:tf ulx/f
7fp“nfO{ vf]“r elgG5 .
kxf8df df]6/af6f]
agfpg ufx|f] x'G5 .
kxf8df sg' s} g' } 7fpd“ f 6f/x¿ xG' 5g\ . 6f/ a;“] LeGbf cUnf]
7fpd“ f /xs] f] ;dy/ hldg xf] .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
o; kf7df afnnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm" a;s] f] 7fp“ -cUnf÷] xfr] f÷] vfr“] ÷6f/÷;dy/÷kxf8_ cflb
w/ftnLo :j¿ksf] hfgsf/L lbg vfl] hPsf] 5 . t;y{ sIff lzIf0fdf afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿
a;s] f] 7fps“ f] cjnfs] g ug{ nufO{ ljleGg pbfx/0f lbO{ sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .

28 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]v M
-s_ ufs] 'n sxf“ a:5g\ <
-v_ uªu\ f ufp“df al:5g\ ls ;x/df <
-u_ ltdL sxf“ a:5f} < ufpd“ f ls ;x/df <
-3_ s:tf] 7fp“nfO{ 6f/ elgG5 <

@= tnsf lrqdf lbOPsf 3/x¿ s:tf] 7fp“df 5g\ < -;dy/,
cUnf], a;“]+ L_

-s_ ==================

-v_ ================== -u_ ==================

#= ltdL a;s] f] ufp“ jf ;x/ s:tf] 7fpd“ f 5 < lr≈g nufpm M

cUnf], xfr] f], ;dy/, 6f/, vf“r]

$= ltdL cfkm" a;s] f] 7fp“sf] lrq agfpm / ;fyLnfO{ bv] fpm .

;fyLn] agfPsf] lrq klg x]/ / ˚/s 5'6o\ fpm .

d cUnf,] xfr] f,] ;dy/, vfr“] / 6f/ 56' o\ fpg ;S5' .

;fdflhs cWoog 29

kf7 @ xfd|f] ufp“ / ;x/

of] ;g' Ltfsf] ufp“ xf] . pgsf] ufpg“ lhs} jg 5 . jgdf w/] }
¿vx¿ ePsfn] jg afSnf] 5 . jgsf] aLrdf Pp6f tfn 5 .
ufps“ f ;a} dflg;n] jg hfu] fPsf 5g\ . ufpn“ x] ¿ 3f;“ , bfp/f /
sf7 jgaf6 Nofp5“ g\ . pgsf] ufpg“ lhs} vfn] f] 5 . vfn] f] 7n" f] 5 .
ef]nf ;x/df
a:5g\ . ;x/eGbf
clnk/ Pp6f
kfv] /L 5 . kfv] /L
;fgf] 5 . Tof]
kf]v/L ;x/sf
dflg;n] agfPsf x'g\ . ;x/eGbf k/ jg 5 . jg w/] } kftnf]

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M
o; kf7df afnnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm" a;s] f] 7fp“ jl/kl/sf] kf| sl[ ts j:tx' ¿ -gbL, jg, tfn,
kfv] /L, kxf8 cflb_ sf] wf/0ff lbg vfl] hPsf] 5 . t;y{ afnaflnsfnfO{ cfgf] ;db' fojl/kl/sf]
ed| 0f u/fO{ Toxf“ ePsf kf| sl[ ts j:tx' ¿ cjnfs] g u/fP/ ltgLx¿;u“ kl/lrt u/fpgx' f;] \ .

30 ;fdflhs cWoog

5 . klxn] Tof] jg afSnf] lyof] . ;x/sf dflg;n] 3/ agfpg
hyfefjL ¿v sf6] . To;n} ] clxn] jg kftnf] eof] .

lj|mofsnfk

!= lrq x]/ / gfd nv] M

@= kf7sf] cfwf/df tnsf] tflnsf e/ M

;g' Ltfsf] ufpd“ f ef]nfsf] ;x/df
-s_ ufp“glhs} vfn] f] 5 . -s_ ;x/glhs} kfv] /L 5 .

vfn] f] ============== 5 . kfv] /L =============== 5 .

-v_ ufp“glhs jg 5 . -v_ ;x/eGbf k/ jg 5 .
jg =============== 5 . jg ============= 5 .

#= ;g' Ltfn] cfgf] ufp“ jl/kl/ /xs] f s/' f o;/L nl] vg\ M
kfv] /L, jg, vfn] f], kxf8, tfn, gbL, rf}/ cflb .
ltdL klg cfkm" a:g] 7fps“ f] jl/kl/ ss] ] bV] 5f} < nv] .

$= Pp6f ¿vsf] lrq agfpm M

d cfkm" a;s] f] 7fp“ jl/kl/sf gbL, tfn, jg,kfv] /L
cflb x/] ]/ j0fg{ ug{ ;S5' .

;fdflhs cWoog 31

kf7 # gS;fdf x]bf{ xfdf| ] ufp“

ltdL cUnf] 7fpd“ f uPsf 5f} < j/k/ klg x/] s] f 5f} < cUnf]
7fpa“ f6 j/k/ xb] f{ s:tf] bl] vG5 < ;Ltf/fd b;d“} f cfdf;u“
dfdf3/ uP . pgsf] dfdf3/ kxf8df 5 . kxf8df psfnf]
r9g\ k' 5{ . cfdfn] psfnf] r9b\ } eGge' of,] æ;Ltf/fd xfdf| ] 3/
stf 5 < x/] t .Æ ;Ltf/fdn] jl/kl/ x/] ] . pgn] k/ cfgf] ufp“
bv] ] . ufps“ f] 5p] df vfn] f] bv] ] . ljBfno klg bv] ] . Psl5g x/] k] l5
cfgf] 3/ klg bv] ] . ;Ltf/fd v;' L eP . æcfxf ⁄ s:tf] /fdf| ]
bl] vPsfÆ] , ;Ltf/fdn] eg] . pgn] cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 xb] f{ cfgf] ufp“
o:tf] bv] ] .

+lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
– oxf“ xfr] f] 7fp“af6 glhssf j:t'x¿ bV] g ;lsg] / cUnf] 7fp“af6 6f9fsf j:t'x¿ b]Vg
;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ff lbg vf]lhPsfn] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfno jl/kl/ ljleGg 7fp“
-cUnf], xf]rf_] af6 cjnf]sg ug{ nufO{ pgLx¿n] b]vs] f j:tx' ¿sf] af/d] f j0f{g ug{
nufpg'xf;] \ / cf˚" /x]sf] 7fp“sf] gS;f agfpg;dt] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ . .

32 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdL klg cUnf] 7fpd“ f hfpm . jl/kl/ x/] . ss] ] bV] 5f} < sIffdf
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

@= cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 bv] s] f s/' fsf] gS;f agfpm / cfgf lzIfsnfO{
bv] fpm .

#= xfr] f] 7fpa“ f6 glhssf j:tx' ¿ bl] vG5g\ . cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 6f9fsf
j:tx' ¿ bl] vG5g\ . xfr] f] / cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 x/] s] f s/' fdf s] km/s
5 < eg .

$= ltdf| ] l;;fsnd eO' d“ f uf8 . ca glhs} a;/] x/] . To;kl5
l;;fsnd glhs} Pp6f dr] -s;' L_{ /fv . dr] dfly r9 . e'O“df
uf8]sf] l;;fsnd x]/ . ltd|f] l;;fsnd s:tf] b]lvof] < eg .

dn} ] cf˚" a;]sf] 7fps“ f] gS;f agfpg l;s]“ . 33

;fdflhs cWoog

kf7 $ xfdf| ] 7fps“ f] gS;f
;Ltf/fdn] eg,] æd a;s] f] 7fp“ dªu\ naf/] xf] . oxf“ dªu\ naf/sf]
lbg xf6ahf/ nfU5 . To;}n] o; 7fpn“ fO{ dª\unaf/] eg]sf]
xf] . o; ufp“sf] kj" k{ l§ vf]nf] 5 . klZrdkl§ klg vfn] f] 5 .
vf]nf]sf] 5]pdf d/] f] ljBfno 5 . pQ/kl§ jg 5 . Tof] jg
7n" f] 5 . ufps“ f] aLrdf xf6 nfUg] 7fp“ 5 . Toxf“ rf}tf/f] klg
5 . blIf0fkl§ /fhdfu{ 5 . /fhdfu{ eg]sf] 7"nf] ;8s xf] .
xfdf| ] ufps“ f] aLrdf Pp6f wfg s6' \g] ldn 5 . o;sf] kj" k{ l§
dlGb/ 5 . xfdf| ] ufpd“ f ;fgf] c:ktfn 5 .Æ ;Ltf/fdn]
cfgf] ufps“ f] cjnf]sg u/L o:tf] gS;f agfP .

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M
o; kf7df afnnaflnsfnfO{ cfgf] ;d'bfosf] gS;fª\sg ug]{ ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{ vf]lhPsf]
5 . t;y{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfgf] ;d'bfosf] e|d0f jf cjnf]sg u/]sf] cfwf/df gS;fª\sg
ug]{ cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ . pQm gS;fdf Toxf“ ePsf s/' fx¿ klg eg{ l;sfpgx' f;] \ . ;a}
afnaflnsfn] agfPsf gS;f ;'?df gldn]sf] x'g ;S5 . gldn] klg ;'wf/sf nflu k|of;
u/fp“b} nh} fgx' f;] \ .

34 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ljBfnosf] lrq agfpm .

@= ltdL a;s] f] 7fps“ f] kj" ,{ klZrd, pQ/ / blIf0fdf ss] ] 5g\ <

kj" d{ f=========================, klZrddf========================,
pQ/df========================, blIf0fdf========================,

#= ;Ltf/fdn] h:t} ltdL klg cfkm" a;s] f] 7fps“ f] gS;f agfpg]
cEof; u/ .

$= 5fg/] pQ/ nv] M

-s_ ltdL a;s] f] 7fpa“ f6 ltdf| ] ljBfno stf k5{ <
kj" { klZrd
pQ/ blIf0f

-v_ ltdf| ] 3/af6 ltdf| ] ;fyLsf] 3/ stf k5{ <
kj" { klZrd
pQ/ blIf0f

%= tnsf] h:t} cfsl[ t afgπ M

vfn] f] af6f] kfv] /L÷tfn kxf8

d}n] cfkm" a;]sf] 7fp“df ePsf s'/fx¿ gS;fdf
eg{ l;s]“ .

;fdflhs cWoog 35

PsfO ^ xfd|f] ljut

kf7 ! ;fyLsf] hGd lbg

/fwf / /dz] sIff bO' d{ f
k95\ g\ . pgLx¿ bj' } ;fyL
xg' \ . /fwf ljBfno hfb“ f ;w“}
/dz] nfO{ afn] fpl“ 5g\ . cfh
klg pgn] /dz] nfO{ afn] fOg\ .
/d]zsL cfdfn] /fwfnfO{
af]nfP/ æPsl5g kv{ x}
/fwfÆ eGge' of] .

/dz] sL cfdf /fwfsf] 5]pd} uP/ a:ge' of] . /fwfnfO{ /d]zsf
af/d] f ;fW] g dg nfUof] . /fwfn] /dz] sL cfdf;u“ ;fl] wg,\ æ/dz]
s'g ldltdf hGd]sf x'g\ <Æ cfdfn] ;fR] b} eGg'eof,] æ/dz]
@)%$ ;fn df3 !$ ut] a'waf/sf lbg hlGdPsf x'g\ .Æ
æ /dz] sf] hGd:yfg sxf“ xf] <Æ /fwfn] kml] / ;fl] wg\ . cfdfn]
eGg'eof], æaf/f lhNnfsf] sn}of gu/kflnsf j8f g+ $ xf] .Æ
/dz] sL cfdfn] eg]sf s'/f /fwfn] cfgf] sfkLdf nl] vg\ .
To;kl5 b'j}hgf ljBfno uP .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;fyLx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s ki[ 7el" d, k;] f cflb hfgsf/L u/fpg] ks| f/sf
yk ljleGg lj|mofsnfkx¿ u/fpgk' b5{ .

36 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= /dz] n] cfgf] sIffdf k9g\ ] ;fyLx¿sf] hGd ldlt / hGd 7fp“

;fw] /] o;/L nv] ] M

;fyLsf] gfd hlGdPsf] ;fn dlxgf ut] af/ 7fp“

sdnf @)%# dªl\ ;/ % lalxaf/ vf6] fª

8fN] df @)%@ df3 ( aw' af/ ;fn] '

xl/axfb/' @)%# ebf} @% ;fd] af/ albo{ f

/dz] n] u/]h:t} ltdLn] klg sIffdf k9\g] sg' } kfr“ ;fyLx¿sf]
hGd ldlt / 7fp“ tflnsfdf e/ .

@= 3/jl/kl/ /x]sf ;fyLx¿sf] klg hGd ldlt / hGd]sf] 7fp“
;fw] ]/ tflnsfdf n]v M

;fyLsf] gfd hGd ldlt hGd]sf] 7fp“
================ ============== =================
================ ============== =================

#= leQk] fqf] x/] . To;df cf˚" hGd]sf] dlxgf / ut] kQf nufO{
lr≈g nufπ .

xfdL cfgf ;fyLsf] hGd ldlt / hGd :yfgsf] 7fp“
nV] g / eGg ;S5f}“ .

;fdflhs cWoog 37

kf7 @ ;fyLsf] kl/jf/ klxn] / clxn]

5j] fªsf xh/' a'af / xh'/cfdf
klxn] xD' nfdf a:gx' G' Yof] . klxn]
pgLx¿ a;]sf] 7fp“df :jf:Yo
rfs} L / ljBfno w/] } 6f9f lyof] .
xf6ahf/ klg 6f9f lyof] . df6] /
af6fs] f] ;l' jwf lyPg . xjfO{hxfh / vRrªaf6 dfn;fdfg
cf;] fg{] sfd xG' Yof] . To;n} ] ;fdfgsf] dN" o dx“uf] x'GYof] .

To; 7fp“df clxn]
:jf:Yo rf}sL 5 .
ljBfno klg 5 .
xf6ahf/sf] Joj:yf
5 . xl] nsK6/sf] ;l' jwf
klg 5 . pgLx¿ ;fo} {
pmhf{ / ufa] /Uof;af6 aQL afN5g\ . 5j] fªsf bfO ljBfnodf k9fpgx' G' 5
. efph" :jf:Yo rfs} Ldf sfd ugx{' G' 5 . 5j] fªsf] dfdf3/ gk] fnuGh
xf] . pgL clxn] dfdf3/df a;/] k95\ g\ . gk] fnuGh 7n" f] ;x/
xf] . oxf“ af6f] ˚/flsnf] 5 . af6fdf l/S;f / 6fu“ fx¿ klg
rN5g\ . oxf“ xjfO{ db} fg klg 5 . oxfa“ f6 xD' nf, hD' nf cflb
lxdfnL lhNnfx¿df xjfOhxfh hfG5g\ .

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M
afnaflnsfx¿n] cfgf] ;fyLsf] kl/jf/sf] a:g] 7fp“, k];f, wd{, ;+:sl[ t cflbsf af/]df
Pscsf{;“u ;f]wvf]h ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / pgLx¿n] n]v]sf s'/fx¿ k9\g nufO{ 5nkmn
u/fpgx' f;] \ . ;fo} { ∏hf{ / ufa] /Uof;sf] cy{ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ yfxf gePdf atfOlbgx' f;] \ .

38 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= 5j] fªn] cfgf l5ds] Lx¿sf] klxn] / clxn] a:g] 7fp“ tflnsfdf

o;/L b]vfP M

gfd klxn] a:g] 7fp“ clxn] a:g] 7fp“

kf;fª x'Dnf g]kfnuGh

/d]z gk] fnuGh g]kfnuGh

ltdL klg 5]jfªn] h:t} cf˚gf] l5d]sLx¿sf] klxn] / clxn]
a:g] 7fp“ tflnsf agfP/ b]vfπ .

@= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} s'g} Pshgf ;fyLsf] kl/jf/df /x]sf
dflg;sf af/]df tnsf] tflnsfdf n]v .

sf] xf] < gfd klxn] s] uy{] < clxn] s] u5g{ \ <

xh/' aa' f uf]kfn v]tL Jofkf/

d ;fyLsf] kl/jf/ klxn] / clxn] a:g] 7fp“ eGg
;S5' . pgLx¿n] ug]{ sfd klg atfpg ;S5' .

;fdflhs cWoog 39

kf7 # xfd|f /fli6o« lr≈gx¿

of] xfdf| ] /fli6o« emG8f xf] . of] tLgsg' ] cfsf/sf]
5 . emG8fsf] dflyNnf] tLgsg' ]df rGbd| f 5 .
tNnf] tLgsg' ]df ;o" { 5 .

ufO{ xfdf| ] /fli6o« hgfj/ xf] . ufOn{ ] bw"
lbG5 . ufOs{ f] ufa] /af6 ags] f] dn vt] Lsf
nflu pkofu] L xG' 5 . ufOs{ f] ufa] /af6
3/ lnkkft] ul/G5 .

8f“km] xfd|f] b]zsf] /fli6o« kIfL xf] . of] r/f]
xfd|f] b]zsf] lxdfnL e]udf kfOG5 . of]
/ªu\ Lla/ªu\ L x'G5 .

nfnLu'/f“; xfd|f] b]zsf] /fli6«o km"n xf] .
nfnLu'/f“; lxdfnL tyf kxf8L Ifq] df kfOG5 .
nfnLu/' f;“ /ftf] /ªsf] xG' 5 .

l;ld|s /ftf] /ªsf] x'G5 . of] xfd|f] b]zsf] /fli6o«
/ª xf] . kh" f ubf{ l;lds| k|ofu] ul/G5 .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g M
pbfx/0f lbO{ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ /fli6o« lr≈gx¿ lrgfpgx' f;] \ / To;sf] dxŒj ;dt] atfOlbgx' f;] \ .

40 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ nfnLu'/f“; s'g 7fpd“ f kfOG5 <
-v_ l;ld|ssf] /ª s:tf] x'G5 <
-u_ xfdf| ] /fli6«o r/fsf] gfd s] xf] <
-3_ 8f“km] g]kfnsf] sg' 7fp“df kfOG5 <

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M nfnLu'/f;“
-s_ /fli6o« kIfL l;lds|
-v_ /fli6«o hgfj/ 8fk“ m]
-u_ /fli6o« /ª emG8f
-3_ /fli6«o kmn" ufO{

#= ufO{sf af/d] f x]/]/ jf ;fw] /] n]v .
=======================================

ufO{sf rf/cf6] f v'§f x'G5g\ .

$= /fli6o« emG8fsf af/d] f nv] .
emG8fsf] cfsf/===================5 . o;sf] dfly====================5 . o;sf]
tn====================5 . o;sf] lsgf/sf] /ª================5 . o;sf] eO' s“ f]
/ª==================5 .

% /fli6«o emG8fsf] lrq agfpm / ;'xfp“bf] /ª e/ .

d /fli6o« emG8f, ufO{ ,8f˚“ ,] nfnLu/' f;“ / l;lds| nfO{
/fli6o« lr≈gsf ¿kdf lrG5' .

;fdflhs cWoog 41

PsfO & xfd|f] cflys{ lj|mofsnfk

kf7 ! sfdsf] ;Ddfg

/ljsnfsf ;a} l5d]sL ldng;f/
5g\ . pgsf l5ds] Ln] w/] } ks| f/sf
sfd u5g{ \ . Pshgf l5ds] L vt] L
u5g{ \ . vt] af/Ldf cGg, ;fukft,
kmnkm"n pAhfp“5g\ . pgn] pAhfPsf vfg]s'/f ;a} vfP/
;Stg} g\ . vt] af/Ldf pAhfPsf vfgs] /' f ar] /] cfDbfgL u5g{ \ .

3gZofd csf{ Ps l5ds] L xg' \ . pgsf] dV' o sfd
hQ' f l;pg' xf] . pgn] l;nfPsf] hQ' f ;an} ] dg
k/fp5“ g\ . of] sfd u//] pgn] /fdf| ] cfDbfgL
u/]sf 5g\ . cfhefl] n 3gZofdnfO{ w/] } dflg;n]
lrG5g\ . pgsf] sfdsf] ;an} ] kz| ;+ f ub5{ g\ .

;fg] fdsf] dV' o k;] f 3/ agfpg' xf] . ufps“ f
gof“gof“ 3/ ;a} pgn} ] agfPsf xg' \ . 3/
agfP/ pgn] gfd / bfd sdfPsf 5g\ .
/ljsnf ;fg} eP klg ljleGg dflg;n] ug{]
sfdsf] dxŒj ae' ms] L l5g\ . pgL /fdf| ] sfd ugn{] fO{ cfb/;Ddfg
ul5g{ \ . l5ds] LnfO{ ;ss] f] ;xofu] ul5g{ \ .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ l5ds] Ln] ug{] ljleGg ks| f/sf sfdsf] cjnfs] g ug{] cj;/ lbgk' 5{ . ;a} sfd
cf–cfgf] 7fp“df plQs} dxŒj /x]sf] s'/f atfOlbg'k5{ . l5d]sLsf] sfddf ;s]sf] ;xof]u
ug{ k|]l/t ugk{' b5{ .

42 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] l5ds] Ln] ss] ] sfd u5{g\ < s'g} tLghgfsf] gfd / pgn]
ug{] sfd nv] .

@= tnsf] cj:yfdf s] xG' 5 < 5nkmn u/]/ n]v M
-s_ ;r' Lsf/n] n'uf l;nfPg eg=] =======================
-v_ ls;fgn] cGgafnL pAhfPg eg]====================
-u_ 8fS6/n] la/fdL hfr“ g] eg=] ==========================
-ª_ 8sdL{n] 3/ agfPg eg=] =============================

#= s;sf nflu sg' ;fdfg rflxG5 < hf]8f ldnfpm M

8sdL{ t/fh'
lzIfs xnf]
;r' Lsf/ xyf}8f
Jofkf/L l;of]
ls;fg rs
rSs'

$= sg' } Pp6f sfd ul//xs] f] 7fpd“ f hfpm . pQm sfd s;n] s;/L
ul//x]sf] 5, x/] . pQm sfd ug{ s]s] ;fdfg rflxG5, ;fw] . Tof]
sfd ug{ s:tf] ;xofu] rflxG5 < s] Tof] ;xofu] ltdL ug{ ;S5f} <

sfdsf cfwf/df sfx] L klg ;fgf7] "nf] x“'b}g . xfdLn]
c¿sf] sfddf ;Sbf] ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ .

;fdflhs cWoog 43

kf7 @ ;fdfgsf] ;xL k|of]u

d/] f] gfd 8fN] df xf] . d sIff bO' d{ f k95\ ' . d
cfkmn" ] ko| fu] ug{] ;fdfgsf] htg u5{' .
lstfasfkLdf hyfefjL s]/d]6
ulb{g“ . kl] G;n, 86kg] / d;L kmf?
u//] rnfp5“ ' . aa' fcfdf;u“ grflxg]
;fdfg lsGgsf nflu s/
ulb{g“ . d klg rflxg]
s'/fdf dfq k;} f vr{ u5'{ .

d/] f] gfd ;d' g xf] . d 8fN] df;u“ } k95\ ' .
klxn] d ;fdfgsf] htg ulbg{ y“] . 8fN] dfsf]
;fdfgsf] htg ug{] afgL bv] /] dn} ] klg
l;s“] . cfhefl] n d cfkmn" ] ko| fu] ug{] ;fdfg
htg / ˚f? u//] rnfp5“ ' . 3/ / ljBfnosf
;fdfg klg htg / ;kmf u5{' . d hQ' fdf
kfln; cfkm“ }“ nufp5“ ' . d/] f] /fdf| ] afgL
bv] /] aa' fcfdf v;' L xg' e' Psf] 5 . ljBfnodf
u?' cfdf / ;fyLx¿ klg v;' L xg' e' Psf] 5 .

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/ tyf ljBfnosf ;fdfgsf] plrt k|ofu] / lskmfot ug{ l;sfpg'k5{ .
;fgf afnaflnsfn] 7"nfn] u/]sf] b]v]kl5 l;Sg] x'“bf cfkm"n] klg ;fdfgsf] ;xL / lskmfot
tl/sfn] k|ofu] ug{k' g{] x'G5 .

44 ;fdflhs cWoog

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdLn] ko| f]u ug]{ ;fdfgsf] gfd n]v .

@= sg' sfd 7Ls / s'g sfd a7] Ls nfU5 < 7Ls nfu]df 7Ls /
a]7Ls nfu]df a7] Ls nv] .
-s_ dgfh] cfgf n'uf hyfefjL ˚fN5 .
-v_ zldn{ f cfgf lstfasfkLdf hyfefjL sf]lb{gg\ .
-u_ /fdnvg pgsf afac' fdfnfO{ dxu“ f nu' f lslgdfU5g\ .
-3_ ;fgd' fof hQ' fdf cfkm}“ kfln; ul5{g\ .

#= ltd|f] sIffsf ;fyLx¿sf] gfd / pgLx¿sf] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ afgL
eP n]v .

;fyLsf] gfd s:tf] afgL 5 < s] ug'{k5{ <
/df snd 6fs] ]/ km6' fpg] snd g6fs] L
htg ug'{k5{

$= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ vfg]s'/f============ . -v]/ kmfNg' x'G5, v/] kmfNgx' b'“ g} _
-v_ cfgf] ;fdfg ============ ug'{k5{ . -hyfefjL, htg_
-u_ cfkm;" u“ ePsf] ?lkof“ k;} fn] ============ .

-rflxg] ;fdfg lsGgk' 5,{ h] bV] of] ToxL lsGgk' 5{ _

d d]/f] ;fdfgsf] htg u5'{ .

;fdflhs cWoog 45

kf7 # ufp“df pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x¿

u'GbL| , 8f]sf] vfGg“ d t
aG5g\ x} ufp“3/df . la:s'6 / rfprfp .
/f8L, kfvL dL7f] nfU5
5 xfd|} 3/3/df .. af/Lsf] tfhf :ofp ..

an lbG5 k;} f eP
l98“ f] / /f]6Ln] . xftdf d]/f] .
/fu] nfU5 lsG5' ;fdfg
;8ssf] vfgfn] .. vf“rf] 5 h'g s/' f] ..

wft] L rfn] L
bf}/f / ;?' jfn .
/fdf| ] x'G5
:jbz] L dfn tfn ..

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfg} ufp7“ fpd“ f pTkfbg ePsf vfgs] '/f vfg] / :yfgLo:t/d} pTkflbt
;fdu|L ko| fu] ug{] afgL a;fNg ;xof]u kU' g] ljm| ofsnfk u/fpg'kb{5 .

46 ;fdflhs cWoog