RS16_social-2 (1)

ljm| ofsnfk

!= kf7sf] sljtf no xfn]/ ufπ .

@= ltdL /x]sf] 7fp“df sg' s'g s/' fx¿ ˚N5g\ < gfd n]v M
-s_ cGgafnL ============================
-v_ kmnkm"n= ===========================
-u_ t/sf/L ============================

#= ltdf| ] 3/df ko| f]u x'g] ;fdfg s'gsg' ltd|} 7fpd“ f ags] f xg' \ <

sg' s'g aflx/af6 NofOPsf x'g\ < 5'6\ofP/ tflnsf agfO{ n]v M

s'g ;fdfg sxf“ ag]sf]

;s' n' , u'GbL| 3/df

/f8L, un“r} f ufp“sf] 3/n] ' pBfu] df

nufpg] nu' f ufp“ aflx/ ag]sf

$= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
l98“ f] – ds}, ux',“ sf]bf] jf ˚fk/af6 ag]sf] kl/sf/
8fs] f,] /f8L, kfvL, uG' b|L, bf}/f

%= ltdL a;s] f] 7fpd“ f ags] f ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] kfr“ cf6] f ;fdfgsf]
gfd nv] .

^= ltd|f] 3/df ePsf] ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ Pp6f ;fdfgsf] lrq
agfpm .

d d/] } ufpd“ f pTkfbg ePsf vfgs] /' f vfG5' . d d/] }
7fpd“ f ag]sf ;fdfg ko| f]u u5{' .

;fdflhs cWoog 47

kf7 $ ;x/df ag]sf ;fdfgx¿

Ps lbg d]/f] ljBfnoaf6

;x/sf ljleGg pBf]u tyf
snsf/vfgf xg] { hfg] ;Nnfx
eof] . xfdL sIff b'O{sf

ljBfyLx{ ¿ u?' cfdfsf ;fydf
3D' g uof“} . xfdLn] w/] } ks| f/sf
pBfu] / snsf/vfgf x¥] of“} .

u'?cfdfn] æpBf]u /
snsf/vfgfdf ss] :tf ;fdfg aGbf /x5] g,\ x/] / l6kf6] u/Æ
eGge' Psf] lyof] . xfdLn] ljleGg ks| f/sf w/] } pBfu] 3D' b} uof“} .

u?' cfdfn] eGge' Pcg;' f/ Toxf“ x/] /] gae' ms] f s/' fx¿ pBfu] sf
dflg;;u“ ;fw] /] Pp6f ;r" L tof/ kf¥of}“+ . Tof] ;r" L o:tf] lyof] M

sa] f6 s] aGbf] /x]5
pv' lrgL
;gkf6 af/] f,emf]nf
ux“s' f] lk7f] la:s'6
l/¶f ;fag' ,;]Dk'
3f;“ , k/fn sfuh
skf; sk8f
πg /f8LkfvL

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnglhs /x]sf] s'g} snsf/vfgf tyf 3/]n' pBfu] cflbsf] cjnf]sg
u/fO{ Toxf“ pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x¿sf] gfd l6kf6] ug{ nufpg'xf;] \ .

48 ;fdflhs cWoog

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdLn] sg' sg' pBfu] tyf snsf/vfgf bv] s] f 5f} < gfd nv] .

@= s'g ;fdfg sa] f6 ag]sf] xf] < pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} nv] M

sg' ;fdfg sa] f6 sg' ;fdfg s]af6
nu' f skf;af6 lrgL pv'af6
sfuh rfprfp
l;dG] 6 la:s'6
af/] f h;'
6]a'n cfi} fwL
knª ;fa'g

#= glhs}sf] sf/vfgf jf pBf]udf hfpm / Toxf“ s'g ;fdfg
s;/L aGbf] /x5] x/] . x/] s] f] s/' f sfkLdf l6k/] Nofp / sIffdf
;an} fO{ ;g' fpm .

$= ltdf| ] 3/df ePsf b;cf]6f ;fdfgsf] gfd nv] . s'g ;fdfg sxf“
ags] f] /x5] ;f]w]/ kQf nufπ .

%= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ s'g} Pp6f ;fdfgsf] lrq agfpm .

pBfu] af6 w/] } ks| f/sf ;fdfg aGbf /x5] g\ eGg] s/' f
yfxf kfP“ . d d/] } ufp“ ;x/df ags] f ;fdfg ko| fu] u5{' .

;fdflhs cWoog 49

l;hg{ fTds snf

PsfO ! bZ[ osnf

kf7 ! /v] flrq agfpg l;sf“}

;Lwf, 7f8f / afªu\ f
/v] fx¿ sfg] {] cEof;

u/f}“ .

cEof;

ltdL klg /v] fx¿ sfg] {] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿ bv] fO{ l;;fsnd, rs, k:] 6n cflbaf6 ;Lwf, 7f8f, afªu\ f
cflb ljleGg /v] fx¿ sfg] {] cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

50 l;hg{ fTds snf

l;;fsnd,rs,ufn]
cflbaf6 cfkm" nfO{ dg kg{]
lrq sfg] { /dfOnf] xG' 5 .

ltdL klg sfg] {] xg} t <

d l;;fsndaf6
xfQL agfp5“ ' .

cEof;

ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] j:tx' ¿sf] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ef8“ fs8“' f, 3/, kmn" , hgfj/, r/f, kmnkm" n cflb ljleGg j:tx' ¿sf] cjnfs] g
u/fO{ lrq nV] g kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 51

kf7 @ /ªx¿ lrgf“}

/ftf] kxn“] f] gLnf]

dnfO{ /ftf] /ª dg k5{ . dnfO{ gLnf] /ª
ltdLnfO{ lg < dg k5{ .

dnfO{ kx“]nf]
/ª dg k5{ .

dn} ] kxn“] f] / gLnf] /ª
ld;fP/ xl/of] /ª agfP“ .

/ªx¿ ld;fpg] cEof; u/f“} .
-!_ /ftf] /ª / kxn“] f] /ª ld;fP/ x/] .
-@_ gLnf] /ª / /ftf] /ª ld;fP/ x/] / eg .
-#_ ld;fPsf] /ªx¿ nufP/ lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ljleGg j:tx' ¿ cjnfs] g u/fO{ ltgsf] /ª eGg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ /ª ld;fpg] cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

52 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 # /ª;u“ vn] f“}

dn} ] sfuhnfO{
lehfP“ . To;dfly

/ª e/“] .

dn} ] /ªaf6
wsfx{ ¿ sf/] ]“ .

dn} ] sfuhdf dg} af6
lrq sf/] “] . To;dfly

/ª e/“] . cfxf Û
Sof /fdf| ] lrq Û

lrq

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ dfly lbOPh:t} lehfOPsf] sfuhsf] ;txdfly /ª xfNg] (Wet on Wet), /ªdfly
sfuh /fvL lyRg] (Ink blotting), dg} bn/] To;dfly /ª eg{] (Wax and colour) h:tf
ljleGg ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 53

kf7 $ dg kg{] lrq agfcf“}

ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] / /dfOnf]
nfUg] lrq agfpm .

d/] f] sv' /' f b;“}

r/fsf] aRrf

cEof; d/] f ;fyLx¿

ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] jf /dfOnf] nfus] f] ljifosf] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿ cjnfs] g ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . tL lrqaf/] pgLx¿;u“
5nkmn ugx{' f;] \ .
– pgLx¿nfO{ lrqsf] ljifo 5fGg ;xofu] u/L lrq agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

54 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 % 5kfO u/f“} 5kfOsf nflu
xftdf /ª nufcf“} / sfkLdf 5fkf“} . ;fdu|Lx¿
a6n' f“} .
xftdf /ª nufP/
5fKbf s:tf] bl] vG5, cfn'
Kofh
x/] t Û lasf{]
kft
dn' f
/fdtfl] /of cflbnfO{
klg ko| fu] u/L 5kfO
sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

xft jf cfn“} fx¿df /ª nufcf“} / a§' f agfcf“+} .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– cfn“} fsf 5fkx¿af6 s:tfs:tf cfsl[ tx¿ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . sNkgf u/fO{ 5kfO sfo{ ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .
– r/' f, aft] nsf] lasf,{] kft cflbdf /ª nufO{ 5kfO sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

– ljm| ofsnfk u/fO;sk] l5 ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] xft, 5kfO ;fduL| tyf sÔfsf7] f /fd/| L ;kmf ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 55

kf7 ^ kftsf] 5fkf lgsfnf“}
kftdf /ª nufpm . To;nfO{ sfuhdfly /fvL 5fk lgsfnf“} / x/] f“} .

a§' f sf6L 5kfO u/f“} .
cfn' jf cGo j:td' f a§' f sf6L /ª nufO{ sfuhdf 5fkf
lgsfnf“} . s:tfs:tf a§' fx¿ /x5] g,\ x/] f“} .

cEof;

ljleGg lsl;dsf kft, t/sf/L jf cGo j:tx' ¿af6 klg 5kfO
sfo{ u//] x/] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljleGg j:tx' ¿af6 klg 5kfO sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– ;dx" df a;fP/ ubf{ km/s lsl;dsf tyf cfsifs{ snfsl[ t tof/ ug{ ;lsg] xb'“ f ;dx" df
klg sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– tof/L lrqx¿ sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g u/fO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn tyf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg
u/fpg'xf];\ .

56 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 & sfn] fh agfcf“}

/ªu\ Lg sfuh, kmf6] f] tyf lrq cflb y/Ly/Lsf j:tx' ¿ 6f;“ /]
agfPsf] lrqnfO{ sfn] fh elgG5 .

sfuhsf 6'j|mfx¿nfO{ u'“b jf df8n]
6f“;L lrq agfpg ;lsG5 . tn s]xL
sfn] fh lrqx¿ b]vfOPsf] 5 . x]/ /
agfpm .

sr“} Ln] /ªu\ Lg sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿nfO{ /ªu\ Lg sfuhnfO{ Roft/]
sf6L ldnfP/ agfOPsf] sfn] fh lrq ldnfP/ agfOPsf] sfn] fh lrq

cEof;

b/f] sfuhdf kftnf] /ªu\ Lg sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿ Roft/] jf sf6/] ub“'
jf df8n] 6f;“ L sfn] fh agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
cfjZos ;fdfgx¿sf] Joj:yf u/fO{ sf6\g], RofTg] tyf 6f“:g] lj|mofsnfk u/fO{ sf]nfh
lrq agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 57

kf7 * /ªu\ Lg kmf6] f] 6f;“ L sfn] fh agfcf“}

5flkPsf lrq, kmf6] f] jf cGo /ªu\ Lg j:tx' ¿ sf6L 6f;“ /] klg
sfn] fh agfpg ;lsG5 .

o; sfn] fhdf lrqx¿ sf6/] of] sfn] fhdf /ªu\ Lg sfuhsf
6fl“ ;Psf 5g\ . 6j' m| fx¿ glhsglhs 6fl“ ;Psf 5g\ .

cEof;

!= lrqx¿ vfh] L gfn} f] tl/sfn] 6f;“ .
@= /ªu\ Lg sfuh vfh] L Psdfly csf{] sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿ 6f;“ /]

sfn] fh agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
of] ljm| ofsnfk u/fpb“ f ljBfyLx{ ¿n] sr“} L tyf rSss' f] ko| fu] ul/g] xb'“ f b3' 6{ gf xg' ;Sg]
ePsfn] ljzi] f ;fjwfgL ckgfO{ sfo{ u/fpgx' f];\ .

58 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 ( ljleGg j:tx' ¿af6 sfn] fh agfcf“}

sfn] fhdf w/] } y/Lsf j:tx' ¿ 6f:“ g ;lsG5 . afn'jf
kft
af]j|mf
pmg
sk8f
6fs“
3f“;
km"n
l;Gsf
cG8fsf] afj] m| f

b/f] sfuhdf ljleGg j:tx' ¿ ko| fu] u/L sfn] fh agfpm .

cEof;

!= sfn] fhsf nflu sIffaflx/ uP/ ;fdfg a6n' .
@= a6n' s] f] ;fdfg 5fg/] ko| fu] u/ . bO' b{ O' h{ gf ldn/] sfn] fh

agfpm . sg' 9fr“ fdf ldnfpg] xf,] 5nkmn u/ / 6f;“ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] a6n' s] f j:tx' ¿ tyf dfly pNnv] ePsf j:tx' ¿af6 sfn] fh lgdf0{ f u/fpgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 59

kf7 !) df6fsf] sfd u/f“}
df6fa] f6 ljleGg cfsf/x¿ agfcf“} .

d7' 7\ Ln] lyrs] f] cfn“} fn] lyrs] f]

x/] t dn} ]
ss] ] j:tx' ¿
agfPsf] 5' .

sf6] o\ fO/xs] f] lrdfl] 6/xs] f]

cEof;

xftdf df6f] lnO{ ltdL klg vn] / s:tfs:tf cfsf/ aGof+} <

5nkmn u/ .

lzÔ0f lgbz{] g M
– df6fs] f] 5gf6] u/L df6fs] f] sfos{ f nflu ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ tof/ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– lrqdf bv] fPh:t} ljleGg j:tx' ¿ agfpg ljBfyLn{ fO{ kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ .
– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] tof/ u/s] f j:tx' ¿af/] 5nkmn u/L kb| zg{ sf] Joj:yf ugx{' f;] \ .

60 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !! df6fa] f6 ljleGg cfsf/x¿ agfcf“}

ca d s] agfpm“ <

cEof; 61

df6f] vn] fP/ y/Ly/L cfsf/x¿ agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ df6f] pknAw u/fO{ ljleGg cfsf/ agfpg kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ .
– agfOPsf j:tx' ¿af/] kZ| gfQ] / u/L kb| zg{ sf nflu Joj:yf ugx{' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !@ dg kg{] cfsf/ tyf j:t' agfcf“}

cEof;

ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ j:tx' ¿ agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljleGg cfsf/nfO{ hf8] L sg' } kmnkmn" , t/sf/L, r/f, hgfj/ cflbsf af/d] f 5nkmn u/L dg
kg{] sg' } Ps j:t' agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

62 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !# sfuh;DaGwL sfd u/f“}

sfuhnfO{ jufs{ f/df sf6f“} .
;ae} Gbf klxnf sfuhnfO{ sf6/] jufs{ f/ cfsl[ tdf Nofcf“} .

cfotfsf/ sfuhnfO{ jufs{ f/ sfuh
la:tf/} k6o\ fpm . sr“} Ln] sf6 / la:tf/}
vfn] .

df5f
x/] / agfpm

$%

! @# df5fsf] cfv“ f h:t}
sf/] .

cEof;

sfuhnfO{ jufs{ f/df ldnfP/ sf6 / sfuhsf] df5f agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– sfuhnfO{ k6o\ fP/ ljleGg cfsl[ tx¿ l;hg{ f ug{] snfnfO{ cfl] /ufdL elgG5 egL atfpgx' f;] \ .
– jufs{ f/df sfuh sfl6;sk] l5 dfly bv] fPh:t} u/L ljleGg cfsl[ tx¿ agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– sr}“ L ko| fu] ubf{ b3' 6{ gf xg' ;Sg] ePsfn] ljzi] f ;tst{ f ckgfpgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 63

kt' nL

! @#

$ %
sfu

! @ #$

%^& *

cEof;

sfuh k7o\ fO{ kt' nL, sfu agfpm.

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– cfl] /ufdLsf nflu tof/ k/' fgf cvaf/ tyf kqklqsf cflb ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

– ;j{k|yd k|bz{g u/L b]vfOPkl5 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :jtGq ¿kaf6 cfs[ltx¿ agfpg

k|]l/t ugx'{ f;] \ . sfuhnfO{ leqkl§ k6o\ fO{ vfn]

– sx] L dxŒjk0" f{ ;ªs\ t] x¿

sfuh sf6 leqkl§ k6o\ fpm

sfuhnfO{ tfg k5fl8lt/af6 k6o\ fpm

Psrfl] 6 k6o\ fP/ la:tf/} vfn] sfuhnfO{ k5fl8lt/ kN6fpm

64 l;hg{ fTds snf

rR' r] 6fk] L @#
! $%

xf;“

! @# $
^
%
sfuhsf] tf/f

! @# $

% ^& *

l;hg{ fTds snf kl] G;nn] sf/] / sf6

65

sfuhsf] kªv\ f

!@ # $

oxf“ ud nufO{ sfuhnfO{ hf8]

% ^ &

v/fof]

!@ #$ %

^ &* (

cEof;

sfuhaf6 ljleGg j:tx' ¿ h:t} M kªv\ f, v/fof,] 6fk] L, tf/f cflb agfpm.

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfPsf j:tx' ¿sf] cge' j tyf 5nkmn u/fpgs' f ;fy} tof/ ePsf ;fduL| x¿
sIffdf kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .
– of] ljm| ofsnfk u/fO;sk] l5 sÔfsf7] f ;kmf ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

66 l;hg{ fTds snf

ss' /'

kf6] af3 ss' /' sf] h:t} cfv“ f,dv' tyf
hu“' f agfpm.

cEof; ca af3sf] h:t} cfv“ f, dv'
tyf kf6fx¿ agfpm.

ltdL klg o:t} hgfj/x¿ agfpm/ vN] gsf ;fy} kb| zg{ klg u/ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 67

PsfO @ ;ªu\ Lt

kf7 !$ tfndf tfnL ahfcf“}

d tfndf tfnL ahfp5“ ' .

!@ #
#$
tfnL / vfnL cEof; u5'{ .

!@

tfnL vfnL tfnL vfnL

cEof;

tfnL / vfnLsf] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
sg' } klg uLt l;sfpgc' ufl8 ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ xftn] tfnL / vfnLsf] af/Daf/ cEof; ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .
h:t} M
! @ #$ % ^& *
l;of] vf]O l; of] Pn] ] oxL“ ly of]
Pn] ] kfof] sf“ sf“ vfh] tLvf cf“ vf

68 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !% dfbn

d dfbn ahfp5“ ' . $
s_ l3gf
!@#
l3S“ gtL gs

v_
!@
l3“ S tL gf l3 gf

!@# $

tfnL vfnL tfnL vfnL

cEof;

;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ ! -l3_ / @ -gf_ ePsf] 7fpd“ f tfnL ahfpg] .
o;/L af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
dfbn ahfpge' Gbf cufl8 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ xftaf6 tfnL / vfnLsf] af/Daf/
cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / dfly lbOPsf ;ª\s]tcg';f/ dfbnsf] af]n;“u} cEof; ug{
nufpg'xf];\ . lzÔs jf cGo JolStsf] ;xufu] df dfbn ahfP/ bv] fpg] / To;kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
dfbndf cEof; ug{ nufpg] .

l;hg{ fTds snf 69

kf7 !^ sIffut uLt

n nf nf nf nf ========================

cfh xfdL ;fgf;fgf, kmn" sf sfl] knf

efl] nkl;{ jL/ aGg] xfdL hfl] ;nf

kmn" sf sfl] knf xf}“ kmn" sf sfl] knf

xfdL hfl] ;nf xf}“ xfdL hfl] ;nf

kf/} vL oL xfdf| ;fgf;fgf xft /]

kmn" /fK] 5f“} bz] el/, Ps} ;fy /]

;fgf xftn] xf] === ;fgf xftn]

Ps} ;fy /] xf] === Ps} ;fy /]

n nf nf nf nf

xfdL ;a} pGgltsf] af6f] lx8“ b\ 5f“}

bz] nfO{ p7fpg] afrf ub5{ f“}

af6f] lx8“ b\ 5f}“ xf] af6f] lx8“ b\ 5f“}

afrf ub5{ f“} xf] afrf ub5{ f“}

xftd] fnf] ub{} a95\ f,}“ Hofl] t afn/]

;a} kmfx] f/] , cGwsf/, dn} f] kmfn/]

Hofl] t afn/] xf] Hofl] t afn/]

dn} f] kmfn/] xf] dn} f] kmfn/]

cfh xfdL ;fgf;fgf kmn" sf sfl] knf

efl] nkl;{ jL/ aGg] xfdL hfl] ;nf

km"nsf ===========================

cEof; xfdL =============================

no ldnfO{ ;dx" df of] afnuLt ufpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– sIffut uLt ‰ofp/] tfn xf] eg/] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgx' f;] \ . sIffut uLt
ufpge' Gbf cufl8 ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ tfnL / dfbndf o; tfnnfO{ cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– sIffut uLtsf] :j/lnlk ‘;f’ Eb xfdfl]{ godsf] dWo ;Ktssf] bf;] f| ] sfnf] kbf{ xf] . o;
uLtdf ko| fu] xg' ] ‰ofp/] tfn xf] . o; tfndf ^ dfqfsf] ko| fu] ePsf] 5 . ^ dfqfsf]
tfnnfO{ ‰ofp/] tyf * dfqfsf] tfnnfO{ bfb/f tfn elgG5 .
– o:tf afnuLtx¿sf] af/Da/ tfndf cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

70 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !& :j/ -cnªs\ f/_ cEof;

d :j/ -cnªs\ f/_ cEof; u5{' .

s_
cf/fx] — ;f /] u d k w gL ;f+
cj/fx] — ;f+ gL w k d u /] ;f

v_
cf/fx] — ;f;f //] ] uu dd kk ww gLgL ;f;+ f+
cj/fx] — ;f;+ f+ gLgL ww kk kk uu //] ] ;f;f

cEof;

:j/x¿sf] cEof; tfndf u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
xfdfl{] godsf] dWo ;Ktssf] klxnf] ;t] f] kbfn{ fO{ -;f_ dfg/] cf/fx] / cj/fx] tfnLdf cEof;
ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . :j/ cEof;sf] klxnfd] f PskN6 tfnL ahfpb“ f Pp6f :j/sf] pRrf/0f ub{}
cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ / :j/ cEof;sf] bf;] f| d] f PskN6sf] tfnLdf bO' c{ f6] f :j/x¿sf]
pRrf/0f u/L cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
-gf6] M olb xfdfl{] god pknAw 5g} eg] sg' } Pp6f :j/nfO{ ;f -ls gf6] _ dfg/] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ . _

l;hg{ fTds snf 71

kf7 !* afnuLt
d afn uLt ufp5“ ' .

!@ # $ % ^ &*
l;of] vfO] l; of] Pn] ] oxL“ ly of]
Pn] ] kfof] sf“ sf“ vf]h] tLvf cf“ vf
;fg' ;fg' l; of] sfd 7n" f] ly of]
stf kl/ lb of] l;of] vfO] l; of]
x/f Psf] l; of] n'sL u5{ lr of]
x/] x/] cf“ vf x/] ] sf]xf] sf“ sf
cf“vf otf g hf n'Sg' slt d hf
k}n] To;} kmf Nof} Pn] ] eGg yf Nof}

cEof;

no ldnfO{ afnuLt ufpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– lbOPsf afn uLt ufpg nufpge' Gbf cufl8 To;sf] efjfy{ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ atfOlbgx' f;] \ .
afnuLtnfO{ sfnfk] f6L jf sf8a{ f8] d{ f nv] L tfnL lbb“ } afnuLtsf] cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– o:tf afnuLtx¿sf] af/Da/ cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

-gf6] M uLt ufpb“ f jf l;sfpb“ f :yfgLo jf sg' } klg nonfO{ cfwf/ dfg/] cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ _

72 l;hg{ fTds snf

a'a'dfd
d æaa' Æ' dfd zLifs{ sf] afnuLt ufp5“ ' .

!@ # $ %^ &*

afn] af5L km'g' ef] clg a'a' b'x'g' ef]
a'a' dfd vfp“ nf clg tt] ] nfp“ nf
sfO“ sf]/L u/] / df6] /df r9] /
dfdf 3/ hfg] 5f“} lrrL kfkf vfg] 5f“}
dfdf nfO{ eg] / dfOh" nfO{ eg] /
gfgf rfrf nfp“ nf clg 3/ nfp“ nf

cEof;

aa' ' dfd afnuLt tfn ldnfO{ cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

sg' } klg afnuLt ufpg nufpge' Gbf cufl8 To;sf] efjfy{ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ atfOlbg] . To;kl5
dflysf efu -vl08t_ ul/Psf afnuLtnfO{ sfnfk] f6L jf sf8a{ f8] d{ f nv] L ! @ # $
nl] vPsf] 7fpd“ f tfnL lbb“ } afnuLt cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
- gf6] M uLt l;sfpb“ f :yfgLo sg' } klg nodf l;sfpgx' f;] \ . _

l;hg{ fTds snf 73

;ft af/, ;ft lbg
d æ;ft af/, ;ft lbgÆ afnuLt ufp5“ ' .

! @#$ % ^ &*

cfOt af/ laxf g} 3fd l;t p7] d
xft dv' wfP] / k9\g a:g] d S
;fd] af/ laxf g} cfdf l;t p7] d
sfkL snd lnP / n]Vg a;“] d S
dª\un af/ kmn" af /Ldf km"n ;f/]“ dªu\ n]
Tof] kmn" nfO{ uf8] ] dn} ] cfkm\gf] 9ªu\ n] S
aw' af/ kmn" af /Ldf ha cfdf hfg' ef]
d]/f] sfd bv] ] / v;' L x'g' ef] S
lalx af/ 3/ df dn} ] uLt ufp“ bf
d/] L ;fgL ;fgL dfn] rs n]6 lbg' ef]
z'qm af/ :s' ndf dn} ] uLt ufp“ bf
v;' L eO u'? dfn] sfvdf lng' ef] S
zlg af/ gx' f P“ xf;] vn] ]“ /df P“
ld7f] vfhf vfP kl5 k':ts ;df P“ S
o; /L g} lat] d]/f ;ft af/ ;ft lbg

eg ;fyL s:tf /x] ltd|f ;ft lbS g <

74 l;hg{ fTds snf

s] sxf“ a:5
d æs] sxf“ a:5 <Æ afnuLt ufp5“ '

!@ # $ %^ & *
df/} L a:g] 7fp“ s] xf] < xfQL a:5 sf xf“ <
3f8] f a:g] 7fp“ s] xf] < ufO{ a:5 sf xf“ <
afvf| a:5g\ sg' 7fp“df e8] f a:5g\ sf xf“ <
l;x+ /fhf sxf“ a:5g\ df5f a:5g\ sf xf“ <
df/} L a:g] 3f/ xf] /] xfQL xfQL ;f /
3f8] f a:g] ta] nf t uf7] ufO{sf] 3 /
e8] f a:g] e8] L uf7] afvf| a:g] vf] /
uk' mf leq l;x+ a:5 df5f a:g] s' /

cEof; 75

no ldnfO{ afnuLt ufpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
cGo afnuLtx¿nfO{ klg o;/L g} ufpg kl]| /t ugx'{ f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 !( uf8] f / kGhfsf] rfn
d uf8] f;u“ } kGhf klg rnfp5“ ' .

cEof;

uf8] f;u“ } kGhf klg rnfpg] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
– ;ae} Gbf klxn] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kªl\ Stdf pEofpg] / ;d -;ts_{ sf] cj:yf (Position) df
/fVg] . bj' } xft sDd/df /fVg,] To;kl5 bfof“ 38“' fnfO{ cln vD' Rofpg] / kGhfn] 6S] g] / afof“
;Lwf /fVg] . ca bfof“ v'DRofOPsf] kGhfn] Ps uGtLdf e'O“{df xfGg,] b'O{ uGtLdf afof“
;Lwf v'§fn] e'O“{df xfGg] . o;}u/L ;ft uGtL;Dd bfx] f¥] ofpg] / cf7 uGtLdf ;d -;ts_{
df pleg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] lj|mofsnfk af/Daf/ u/fpgs' f ;fy} dfbnsf] cf7 dfqf -sx/jf_ sf] tfndf u/fpgx' f;] \ .

76 l;hg{ fTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk !

d uf8] f;u“ } kGhf rnfpb“ } bfof“ afof“ ;b}{ hfG5' .
x/] / u/ M

*& ^ %$# @ !

cEof;

uf8] f;u“ } kGhf rnfpb“ } bfof“ afof“ ;g{] cEof; u/ .
bfof“ afof“ bf af bf af bf af
! @ # $%^ & *
*& ^ %$# @ !
af bf af bf af bf afof“ bfof“

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– o; ljm| ofsnfksf] cEof;nfO{ klxnf cfkm\ gf] 7fpa“ f6 ;b{} cf7 uGtL;Dd bfofl“ t/ hfg] /
kml] / kms/{] cf7 uGtLdf cfkm\ g} 7fpd“ f cfpg] . cf7 uGtLdf ;d -;ts_{ cj:yfdf a:g
nufpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ af/Daf/ cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ tyf dfbnsf] tfn -cf7 dfqfsf]
sx/jf_ df klg u/fpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– Psn jf ;d"xdf klg ug{ nufO{ u/] gu/]sf] x]/L cfjZos lgb]{zg tyf k|bz{g klg
u/fpg'xf];\ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 77

ljm| ofsnfk @

d uf8] f;u“ } kGhf rnfpb“ } cufl8 k5fl8 ;b}{ hfG5' .
x/] / u/ M

! bfof“ * bfof“
@ afof“ & afof“
# bf ^ bf
$ af % af
% bf $ bf
^ af # af
& bf @ bf
* af ! af

cEof;

uf8] f;u“ } kGhf rnfpb“ } cufl8 k5fl8 ;g{] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ bfof“ uf8] f / kGhfaf6 ;?' ub{} cf7 uGtL;Dddf cfkm\ gf] cufl8lt/ ;b{}
hfg] / kml] / Toxfa“ f6 ;b{} cf7 uGtL;Dddf k5fl8 cfkm\ gf] 7fpd“ f cfpg] / of] ljm| ofsnfk
afof“ uf8] faf6 klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] cEof; af/Daf/ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ ;dx" df nfOg ldnfP/ klg ug{
;lsg5] .
– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ dfbnsf] tfn -cf7 dfqfsf] sx/jf_ df klg af/Daf/ cEof; ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .

78 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 @) uf8] f, kGhf;u“ } sDd/sf] rfn

d uf8] f / kGhf;u“ } sDd/
klg rnfp5“ ' .

cEof;

cfkm\ g} 7fpd“ f pleP/ cEof; u/ .

bfof“ afof“ bf af bf af bf af
! @ # $%^ & *

*& ^ %$# @ !
af bf af bf af bf afof“ bfof“

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ;ae} Gbf klxn] ;d -;ts_{ df pleg,] bfof“ 38' f vfnL vD' RofP/ k~hfn] eO' d“ f xfGg] /
bfofl“ t/sf] sDd/nfO{ bfofl“ t/ 3r6] g\ ] . of] lqmof cf7 uGtL;Dd ug{] / To;u} /L kml] /
afofl“ t/af6 klg ug{] . of] cEof; ubf{ sDd/df xft /fvL ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] ljm| ofsnfk klxnf nfOgdf pEofP/ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . To;kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cfkm\ gf]
;fyLsf] sDd/df k5fl8af6 ;dfpg nufO{ klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ dfbnsf] tfn -cf7 dfqfsf] sx/jf_ df klg af/Daf/ cEof; ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ . of] ljm| ofsnfk klxnf l9nf] tfndf u/fO;sk] l5 l56fl] 56f] -bu' g' _ tfndf
klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

- gf6] M of] ;a} lj|mofsnfk kf7 ! bl] v $ ;Ddsf] cf7 uGtLdf ;d -;ts_{ sf] cj:yfdf a:gk' 5{ . _

l;hg{ fTds snf 79

ljm| ofsnfk !

d uf8] f;u“ } sDd/ rnfpb“ } bfof“ afof“ ;5'{ .

*& ^ %$# @ !
af bf af bf af bf afof“ bfof“

cEof;

uf8] f;u“ } sDd/ rnfpb“ } bfof“ afof“ ;g{] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ klxnf bfofl“ t/ hfg,] kml] / kms/{] cfkm\ gf] klxns] } 7fpd“ f cfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .
To;kl5 ;fyLsf] sDd/df ;dfP/ klg of] ljm| ofsnfk ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] ljm| ofsnfk PSn} tyf ;dx" df klg af/Daf/ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ dfbnsf] tfn -cf7 dfqfsf] sx/jf_ df klg af/Daf/ cEof; ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .

80 l;hg{ fTds snf

kf7 @! clego
x:tdb' f|
d xftsf db' f| x¿sf] cEof; u5{' .
x/] / u/ M

km" n df5f lxdfn

km" n r/f p8] kfgL

cEof;

dfly bv] fOPsf xftsf db' f| x¿sf] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– sIff ! sf] lstfadf lbOPsf] kf7 rf/sf] xftsf db' f| x¿sf] cEof; af/Daf/ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– sIff @ sf] sIffut uLtdf k/s] f] sx] L zAbx¿sf] x:t db' f| sf] cEof; af/Daf/ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– sIffut uLtnfO{ uf8] fn] tfn lbb“ } cl3kl5, bfofa“ fof“ ;b{} uLtsf] efjfg;' f/ xftaf6 bv] fpgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds snf 81

ljm| ofsnfk !

d ljleGg kzk' ÔLx¿sf] cfjfhsf] gSsn u5'{ .
x/] , lrg / u/ M

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljleGg kzk' ÔLx¿sf cfjfhsf] gSsn u/L clego ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

82 l;hg{ fTds snf