Focus PT3 2022 - English

PELANGI BESTSELLER

ENGLISH PT3
FORM
CEFR-aligned
1∙2∙3

KSSM

QR codes for all
listening tracks

Teo Hwee Bien
Nor Afifah Basri
Mahani Abu Talib
Kok Ming Wai

CONTENTS

OH MY GRAMMAR! G1 – G16 3Chapter

1Chapter Listening & Speaking 90

Reading 1
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter Focus 90

Chapter Focus 1 • Listening 91

• Part 1 – Short Texts MCQs 2 Concept Map 91

PT3 Model Question and Answer 2 Tips and Technique 92

Formative Practice 3 Strategy 92
Summative Practice 8
• Part 2 – Error Correction 17 Summative Practice 92
• Speaking 97
PT3 Model Question and Answer 18 Concept Map 97
Formative Practice 18
Summative Practice 22 Tips and Techniques 98
Summative Practice 98
• Part 3 – Information Transfer 27
PT3 Model Question and Answer 27 4Chapter
Formative Practice 28
Summative Practice 32 Language/Grammar Focus 100

• Part 4 – Short Answer Questions 38

PT3 Model Question and Answer 38 Chapter Focus 100
• Grammar 101
Summative Practice 40 Introduction 101
• Part 5 – Matching (Gapped Text) 47
PT3 Model Question and Answer 47 A Nouns 101
Formative Practice
Formative Practice 48
Summative Practice 53
B Pronouns 107
Formative Practice
2Chapter
Writing 59 C Adjectives 111
Formative Practice

D Articles 115
Formative Practice
Chapter Focus 59

Writing Components 60 E Verbs 118
Formative Practice
• Part 1 – Short Communicative Message 61

Introduction 61 F Adverbs 122
Formative Practice
Emails 61

Messages / Notes 62 G Tenses 126
Formative Practice
Informal Letters 63

Postcards 64 H Prepositions 134
Formative Practice 65 Formative Practice
Summative Practice 71
• Part 2 – Note Expansion 78 I Modals 137
Formative Practice
Introduction 78
Types of Essay 78 J Conjunctions 139
Formative Practice
Formative Practice 79
Summative Practice 84
K Punctuation 140
Formative Practice

L Question Forms 144
Formative Practice

M Simple & Compound Sentences 147
Formative Practice

iii

N Similes, Metaphors & Idioms 148 3 My Hero by Willis Hall (Form 2) 178
Formative Practice Formative Practice 180
• Vocabulary 150
Introduction 150 4. What is Red by Mary o’Neil (Form 2) 182
A Hypernyms 150 Formative Practice 184
Formative Practice 185
B Masculine / Feminine / Common 151 5. Poisoned Talk by Raymond Wilson (Form 3) 187
Formative Practice Formative Practice
C Homophones 152 189
Formative Practice 6. The Day the Bulldozers Came by David 191
Orme (Form 2)
Formative Practice
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.D Collective Nouns – Living Things 153
Formative Practice Short Story
E Collective Nouns – Non-living Things 154 1. Fair’s Fair by Narinder Dhami (Form 1)
Formative Practice Formative Practice 192
F Singular and Plural Nouns – Regular 155 194
Formative Practice 2. Cheat! by Allan Baillie (Form 2)
G Singular and Plural Nouns – Irregular 156 Formative Practice 196
197

Formative Practice Drama
H Compound Words 157 A Night Out by O. Henry (Form 2)
Formative Practice 198
I Occupations 159 Formative Practice 200

Formative Practice Graphic Novels
J Home and Habitats / Place 163
Formative Practice 1. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne

K Similes 164 (Form 1) 201

Formative Practice Formative Practice 204

L Idiomatic Expressions 165 2. King Arthur (retold by Janet Hardy-Gould) 205
Formative Practice (Form 1) 208
M Phrasal Verbs 167 Formative Practice

Formative Practice 3. The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann D. Wyss
N Affixations 168
Formative Practice (Form 1) 209

Formative Practice 212

5Chapter Literature in Action 170 Novels 214
1. Moby Dick by Herman Melville (Form 3) 216

170 Formative Practice
171
Chapter Focus 2. The Elephant Man by Tim Vacary (Form 3) 218
Literature Component 172
174 Formative Practice 220
Poems 175
1. News Break by Max Fatchen (Form 1) 177 3. We Didn’t Mean to Go to Sea by Arthur 222
Formative Practice Ransome (Form 3) 224

2. Sad I Ams by Trevor Millum (Form 1) Formative Practice
Formative Practice
PT3 Model Test 227

Tapescript 234

Answers 237

iv

OGh MRyAMMAR!

NOUNS
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Types of nouns:

COMMON NOUNS PROPER NOUNS

General name of a person, thing, VS Special name of a person,
place or an animal – begins with a thing or place – begins
small letter with a capital letter
• ball • Yuzuru Hanyu
• Langkawi
• doctor • Neptune
• fish

COUNTABLE NOUNS VS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Nouns that can be counted Things which cannot be c ounted
• A glass Examples:
• Some children • Some butter
• Two books • A little salt
• Some water
[Quantifiers: some,
many, a few, [Quantifiers: some,
plenty of, several] much, a little, a lot of,
plenty of]

CONCRETE NOUNS ABSTRACT NOUNS

Refer to things or people that can Refer to quality, thought o r
be detected by at least one of emotion
the senses VS • Happiness
• Fear
• Computer
• Sun • Wisdom

• Table

COMPOUND NOUNS COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Two or more words joined to create Name of a group or collection of
a noun, either written as one people, animals or things

word, with a hyphen or separated VS • A shoal of fish
• Seashell
G1 • A bunch of keys
• Handbag • A brood of chicksh

• Flip-flop

2Chapter WRITING

CHAPTER FOCUSPenerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Write essays using the correct
format
Ensure the messages are clearly
conveyed
Write using the correct tenses
End the essays with proper
conclusion

“If you don't have time to read, you don't have the time (or the tools) to write.
Simple as that.”

- Stephen King -

519

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Chapter E-mail
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
2

SHORT COMMUNICATIVE MESSAGE Informal
Letters

PART 1

Writing Components

PART 2
NOTE EXPANSION

Opinions Articles Stories Formal Letters

Recounts Descriptions Reports
Speeches and Talks
Processes and Opinions
Procedures

60

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

PART 1 – SHORT COMMUNICATIVE MESSAGE

1. Short Communicative Message is tested in Part 1 of the Penulisan (Writing) paper.

2. A short text will be provided in the question and you need to respond to the text in approximately
80 words.

3. A total of 20 marks are allocated for this question and you should spend no longer than 25 minutes
in this section.

4. There are 4 types of short communicative messages:
Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Messages/Notes 2

Emails Postcards

Informal Letters



Emails

• Nowadays, many people working in companies choose emails as a way to communicate.
• Language can be formal such as for job applications.
• Emails can be formal or informal.
• Informal emails are usually written for family members or friends.
• For informal occasion, the language used in the emails is more casual and friendly.
• This is the format of an email:

To Write the recipient’s email here
From Write your email address here
Subject Include a brief subject

Begin your
email with
a greeting

Write your
message
here

Sign off
and write
your name

61

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

• Here are some common reasons for sending emails and the phrases that can be used to convey
them:

ChapterTo invite someone for an event Would you like to join us for...?
Chapter To accept an invitation I would love to...
To decline an invitation Thank you for the invitation but...
To express sympathy I am so sorry to hear about...
To offer advice or suggestions Perhaps you should...
Reserved.
2 Messages/Notes
• We leave notes or messages for people when they are not around.
• Notes and messages should convey only important information so that it is easy to understand.
• We usually write notes and messages to make a request or to inform/remind someone about
something.
• This is the format of a note or message:

Briefly state Rights
who the note
or message
is for.

Sdn Bhd. All Make sure
your note
 or message
covers all of
the information
that is needed.

Pelangi You also need
to state who
the note or
message is
from.

Penerbitan
• Here are some useful phrases that you can use in your notes or messages:

To make a request To inform or remind
• Please help me to... • While you are at school today...
• I would be grateful if you can... • Don’t forget to...


62

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Informal Letters
• Just like informal emails, informal letters are letters written for our family and friends. Therefore,

the language used should be more casual and friendly.
• This is the format of an informal letter:

You need to Chapter
include an Chapter
address and
a date in your
letter.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
2

Dear Salutation

The paragraph
should consists of
a short introduction,
body and simple
conclusion.

Sign off
Signature

• You can use one of these sentences to begin your letter:

➢ How are you?
➢ I hope you are doing well.
➢ What have you been up to lately?


• To end your letter, choose one of the following sentences:

➢ I have to pen off now.
➢ I look forward to hearing from you soon.
➢ Take care.


63

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Postcards
• Postcards are cards with a picture or an image on one side and blank space for writing on the

other.
• We normally send postcards home to our family and friends when we are travelling.
• Postcards are generally quite short as there is a limited space to write on.
• This is the format of a postcard:

Stamp
Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
2 Greeting Dear

A postcard is To:
like a short
version of a You must
letter. include the
recipient’s
name and
address in
your postcard.

Sign your
name

• When we describe the places that we have visited, we often have to use a lot of adjectives. Here
are some common adjectives that you can use to describe things:

People Places Food Feelings

polite spacious flavourful eager
cheerful crowded fresh relieved
ancient juicy comfortable
lively tranquil overjoyed
considerate majestic crunchy anxious
exotic
generous

64

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing  Chapter
Chapter
Formative Practice

Practice 1
Read the message from your visiting pen-friend, Elizabeth. 4.1.4

Hi,
Thank you for the offer to take me and my parents for sight-seeing around Penang tomorrow. For tonight,

we would like to go to the street market that is near the hotel. We will look around for souvenirs and try out
some local food for dinner. As you mentioned, we can try to bargain for a cheaper price if there is anything that
catches our eyes.

See you tomorrow.

Elizabeth

In about 80 words, write a message to Elizabeth giving her some examples of food that she should try.

Hello Elizabeth,
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

From,

[20 marks]
65

Chapter  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Chapter
Practice 2
Read the email from your English teacher, Puan Alina. 4.2

New Message

To [email protected]
From [email protected]
Subject Sci-fi Films

2 Hi,
I couldn’t get the time to see you this whole week. Please make a list of at least ten interesting Sci-fi
films that can be screened during the English Language Week at the end of the month. I would like students
who watch the films to write some reviews so they can learn values and language at the same time. I think
you should browse the Internet for the films and you can get a friend to help you make the selection. If
possible, may I have the list by this coming Monday? Then, we can sit and discuss to choose the best three
as we do not have much time left.
Happy viewing!
Puan Alina

Send A
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
In about 80 words, write an email to Puan Alina updating her about the task. Cc Bcc

New Message

To [email protected]
From [email protected]
Subject Sci-fi Films

Hello Puan Alina,

From, [20 marks]

Send A

66

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 3
Read the postcard from your pen friend, Amy. 4.1.4

Hi , Stamp Chapter
Chapter
I’m writing this from Switzerland. I’m having fun with To:
my family at this fantastic ski resort. This is my first time (Your name here)
skiing but I am learning quickly. It is not easy especially 12, Persiaran 2/2, Taman Seroja,
when you are wearing thick clothing. Nevertheless, I 05100 Alor Setar,
can now go down the slopes faster than my brother! Kedah.
The view is spectacular too, although all you can see is
white snow all around. We’ll be here for a week. If you
wish to reply, please use my home address because I’ll
be home by then.

Wish you were here!

Amy
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

In about 80 words, write a postcard to Amy commenting on her holiday.

Hello Amy, Stamp

To:

From,

[20 marks]

67

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 WritingChapter
Chapter
Practice 4
Read the post in which you were tagged by your friend, Lily Chen on her Facebook page. 4.1

Lily Chen is feeling blessed with Ellen Chen
and 10 others at Tambun Restaurant.

Yesterday at 10.10 p.m. Ipoh •

We are grateful to all who were present for the birthday
celebration of Mr. Chen Lee Wah, my great grandfather.

2 Everyone was so happy and great grandpa enjoyed
himself. Friends and family members had the opportunity to
gather and have fun too. Despite being 80, he still looked
well and healthy. I asked him his secret to maintaining his
youth. He said, “There’s no secret at all, just don’t overeat!”
What do you think?
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Like Comment Share
Share
In about 80 words, write some comments about the event.

Lily Chen is feeling blessed with Ellen Chen
and 10 others at Tambun Restaurant.

Yesterday at 10.10 p.m. Ipoh •

8 Likes Comment

[20 marks]
68

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 5
Read the message from your older sister. 4.2

Hi, Chapter
It’s great that you have decided to stay at home instead of staying at the school hostel. At least Chapter

mother will have someone to talk to when father goes outstation. I can only go home after work every
Friday. However, do manage your time well so you can spend time on your tuition classes, doing your
homework and revising your daily lessons. Being at home needs stronger self-discipline because there
are a lot of things that can distract you from your studies. Remember that you are sitting for PT3 this
year. All the best! See you this coming Friday.

Eileen
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

In about 80 words, write a reply to your sister, telling her about your plans.
Hello sister,

From,

[20 marks]
69

Chapter  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Chapter Practice 6
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Read the short letter from your older sister. 4.2

Sekolah Tengku Puteri,
86800 Mersing,
Johor.
21 Feb 2022
Hi,
Hope you and everyone in the family are doing well. I’m fine but a bit busy with the preparations for

2 the District Level English Debate to be held in my school.
It’s the rainy season and I can’t help feeling worried about mother during this kind of weather as her
asthma becomes worse. Please be alert of her condition and her overall health to avoid any untoward
incident. I’m depending on you and Maria to take care of her.
However, do not forget to do your own revision for PT3 and ask Maria to do the same even though
she’s not sitting for any major exam this year.
Lastly, please inform me of mother’s health from time to time. I’m grateful to you for being there to
watch her. See you soon, goodbye.
Your sister,
Raihana

In about 80 words, write a reply informing your sister about mother and the situation at home.

Hi sister,

Your loving sister,

[20 marks]

70

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing  Chapter
Chapter
Summative Practice

Practice 1
Read the message from your friend, Zul.

Hi,
I know that your brother is involved in theatre and performing arts. Could you please ask him whether

he is interested in coming to the school for a musical theatre workshop? The English Language Club plans
to organise a theatre at the end of the year. We need someone experienced to guide us in putting up a
good performance although the audience are only the students of our own school. We hope to conduct
the workshop on the 4th of March if he’s available. Thanks for your help and cooperation.

Looking forward to your response.

Zul

In about 80 words, write a message to Zul informing him about your brother’s decision.

Hello Zul,
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

From,

[20 marks]
71

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Practice 2
Read the transcription of a telephone conversation you had with your friend’s father, Uncle Muthu.

Uncle Muthu : Hello. This is Uncle Muthu, Ramesh’s father.

You : Hello, uncle. What has happened to Ramesh? He did not come for practice and I could
not contact him at all this afternoon.
Chapter
ChapterUncle Muthu : Ramesh was down with diarrhoea. I took him to the clinic to get treatment. He did not
bring his phone. That was why you could not reach him.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
You : I'm sorry to hear about that. How is he now?
2 Uncle Muthu : He is still very weak. After taking some medicine, he looks much better. He is sleeping
now. He asked me to call you and tell you about his condition. He hopes to recover quickly
and be able to go to school tomorrow.

You : I also hope Ramesh will get well soon. Thanks for calling, Uncle. Good night.

In about 80 words, write a personal phone message to Ramesh giving him some advice.
Hello Ramesh,

From,


[20 marks]

72

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 3
Read the short letter from your friend and former neighbour, Hazlan.

Hi, Chapter
Greetings from Miri, Sarawak. I’ve made some friends in my new school but I still miss you and the Chapter

others! Life here is not that different from Kuala Lumpur so my family and I don’t have much problem
adapting to this place. Why don’t you and your family come to Sarawak for a visit this coming holiday?
You can experience the various cultures of the local ethnic groups and eat your favourite layer cake as much
as you like!

Hazlan

In about 80 words, write a reply to Hazlan thanking him for the invitation and telling him your decision.
Hello Hazlan,
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

From,

[20 marks]
73

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 4
Read the email from your friend, Linda.
New Message

To [email protected] Cc Bcc
From [email protected]
ChapterSubject Online Shopping
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
2 Hi,
I would like to ask your opinion on online shopping because you told me that you and your sister
are regular customers on a few shopping websites. My mother saw some cheap ‘baju kurung’ on sale on
one of the websites. She has no experience in shopping online and asked me to buy the clothes for her. I
know how to go about it but I just want to ensure that the offers made during the sale are genuine ones.
The websites are reliable, aren’t they? I don’t want my mother to be cheated by buying cheap things that
are not worth her money.
Your opinions will be greatly appreciated.
Your friend,
Linda

Send A

In about 80 words, write a reply to Linda giving her your opinion and advice.

New Message

To [email protected]
From [email protected]
Subject

Hello Linda,

From, [20 marks]

Send A

74

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 5
Read the notice about charity work in Lumut.

Lumut towards Clean Beaches Chapter
and a Healthy Environment Chapter

Every 1st Sunday
of the month at 7 a.m.

• Come and join us to become volunteers in
cleaning beaches from unsightly objects.

• Aerobic exercises before work starts.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

Venue: Teluk Batik

Children, adults and families are all welcomed.

In about 80 words, write a message to your friend asking him/her to participate in the event.
Hi,

From,

[20 marks]
75

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 6
Read the message sent by your friend, Latifa.

Chapter
Chapter
Hi,
It’s the awaited occasion, the annual occasion when we make time to visit each other and attend all

the open houses we have been invited to. After fasting for a whole month during Ramadhan, it seems

2 difficult to resist all the food served. I am afraid that I will gain weight which won't do any good for my
health. Do you have any advice? I would love to hear some useful tips from you.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Please give me some ideas so I can try to refrain my eating habit.

Latifa

In about 80 words, write a message to Latifa providing her some tips.
Hello Latifa,

From, [20 marks]
76

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 7
Read the letter sent by your penfriend, Brian.

2112, Meadow Drive, Chapter
Billings, Chapter
Montana,
59102.
4 Oct 2022
Dear friend,
How are you? It’s been some time since we wrote to each other. I feel great and hope that you are
well, too. For your information, I’m now back in school after the summer holidays.
I went to a summer camp which was held at a cattle ranch. I had the chance to experience some of
the activities carried out on ranches. One of them was being taken to see the grazing cattle. There were
hundreds of them. Some other activities we did were fishing at a nearby lake, learning how to ride a
horse, cycling on rough paths and watching a rodeo.
Most of the participants live in the city so we were first-timers in everything. I thought fishing was
a bit boring when you had to sit and wait. However, it felt fantastic when I caught a very big fish! The
rodeo is an annual event where people turn up to see the best cowboy-the one who can stay on a wild
bull the longest.
Nevertheless, I had a really enjoyable time there. I think it has helped me to become more confident
and independent. Now, I feel I can make friends more easily compared to before I attended the camp.
I am also able to scramble eggs and make French toast for breakfast.
Please share with me what you did during your school holidays. We live in different countries so
the activities are certainly not the same. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Goodbye.
Yours sincerely,

Brian
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 2

In about 80 words, write a reply to Brian telling him about about your own holiday activities.
Hello Brian,

From,

[20 marks]
77

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 WritingChapter
Chapter
PART 2 – NOTE EXPANSION

1. In the PT3 examination, Note Expansion appears in Part 2 of the Penulisan paper. You will be
given short notes in bubble maps. You have to write an essay based on the given stimulus in about
120 words.

2. The question is worth 20 marks. You are advised to spend approximately 35 minutes on this
question.

3. In order to score good marks for the essay, you should:
i. read and understand the question

2 - determine the type of composition you are required to write

- make sure you know the format
ii. develop and expand ideas

- plan your composition and ensure that you write a good introduction
- use interesting phrases and organise your points well
iii. complete your writing within the given time frame
- ensure that you allocate sufficient time to write and edit your composition
iv. write coherently
- make sure that your essay consists of an introduction, contents and a conclusion
- sentences must be logical and relate to each other
4. Note expansion consists of the following types of essays:

Formal Letters
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Speeches and Talks Graphs and Charts

Articles Types of Opinions
Reports Essays
Processes and
Stories Descriptions Procedures

Recounts

78

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Formative Practice

Practice 1
You have been watching a video on how to cook fried noodles.
In about 120 words, write the process of preparing the dish.
You may use the notes below to help you. 4.1 , 4.1.2
Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. Prepare
ingredients needed: i-THINK Bubble Map 2

Step 5 noodles,chicken, First step:
Lastly – dish out – onions and garlic, clean chicken – cut
serve – garnish with blended chilli and into pieces; wash
vegetables – slice
spring onions oyster sauce,
vegetables, eggs onions, garlic
Step 4
Then – put in Making Step 2
noodles – mix well – Fried Then, get ready to
until cooked Noodles cook – heat oil,fry
onions and garlic –
Step 3
After that – add add chilli, sauce

chicken, then
vegetables-stir –

mix eggs

Write the process.

79

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Practice 2

In your class, you have been talking about travelling and transportation.
In about 120 words, write an essay on the different modes of transportation when travelling.
You may use the notes below to help you. 4.1.4

Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.bus: i-THINK Bubble Map

easily available
2 – cheaper way of
travelling

Aeroplane: Electric Train
high – speed Service:
travelling – not
quite convenient punctual – comfortable
for long journeys

Modes of
Transportation

Light Rail Transit Car:
(LRT): tiring – congested
situations – risk of
available in cities – accidents – practical
efficient

Write the essay.

80

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 3

You took part in a ‘gotong-royong’ organised by the Environmental Club of your school to clean an old folks’ home.
In about 120 words, write a report to the Teacher Advisor of the Club on the activities during the day.
You may use the notes below to help you. 4.1.5

i-THINK Bubble Map Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.held a ‘gotong-members
royong’ – old volunteered – 2
folks’ home clean-up – give
A few boys –
collected garbage Monthly facelift
– cleaned up the Activity of The
Environmental
compound
Club

some girls – plant a few students –
flowers and painted the old

decorative plants building

another group –
mowed the grass

Write the report.

81

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Practice 4

You visited a honey bee farm recently.
In about 120 words, write an article about honey and its benefits for the body.
You may use the notes below to help you. 4.2

Chapter
Chapter
i-THINK Bubble Map

produced by bees
– wild and reared

2 – collect nectar
from flowers
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
good for skin, rich in vitamins
a substitute – nutrients and

for sugar minerals

Honey and
Its Benefits

aids in healing high in
wounds antioxidants – may
reduce cholestrol

improves
performance and

memory

Write the article.

82

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 5

It was the Monsoon season when rains would not stop for days.
In about 120 words, write a recount of a flood occurring in your area.
You may use the notes below to help you. 4.2 , 4.2.3

i-THINK Bubble Map Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.rainy season –river water –
non-stop raining swollen – water 2

for some time began to rise

flood subsided –
victims went

home – grateful –
everyone was safe

My Village
is Flooded!

cooked food – rescue
distributed operations –
blankets villagers had to
be evacuated

taken to flood relief
centre – volunteers

helped victims

Write a recount of your experience beginning with:
It had been two days but the rain…..

83

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Summative Practice

Practice 1

Some of the students in school have been sick lately.
In about 120 words, write a talk on how a healthy body is connected to a good mind.
You may use the notes below.
Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
2

Discuss feelings i-THINK Bubble Map
and problems

Eat good food for Avoid stress
the body and mind

How to
Maintain Good
Physical and
Mental Health

Do some physical Get enough sleep
exercises

Write the talk.

84

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 2

In your class, you have been talking about dirty eating outlets.
In about 120 words, write a speech on the importance of cleanliness.
You may use the notes below to help you.

i-THINK Bubble Map Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Definition of What does
cleanliness – no dirt, it mean? 2
no dust, no stains, Take care of personal
Diseases – hygiene – Care for
thyphoid, hepatitis no bad smells the surrounding
and those caused area – home and
The environment
by mosquitoes Importance of

Cleanliness

To prevent Why is it important?
dangerous diseases To improve mental

health

clean environment –
happy – peace of
mind

Write the speech.

85

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Practice 3

You and a few of your friends spent three days camping by a river.
In about 120 words, write a story on your time there.
You may use the notes below to help you.

Chapter i-THINK Bubble Map
Chapter
packed camping
gear – food
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. long weekend – a

2 prepared to go few friends – went
home – cleaned camping – a river

place before

leaving

at night – had Camping by arrived – looked
a barbeque – the River for place to pitch
chicken, fish, tents – looked for

corns firewood

next day – started fire –
swam – cold prepared dinner –
later, sing songs and
water exchanged stories

Write the story.

86

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 4

The English Club of your school is organising a motivational talk to be held during English Week.
In about 120 words, write a letter of invitation to a former student of the school to speak on how to build
self-confidence.
You may use the notes below to help you.

Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Give reason fori-THINK Bubble Map
inviting the person 2
mentioned – former Provide the
Appreciate the objective of having
person for being student / alumni the motivational talk

cooperative Invitation for for the members
a Motivational

speaker

Suggest a suitable Mention who the
date – a topic; build audience will be

self-confidence

Write the letter.

87

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing

Practice 5

Your pen friend would like to know more about your sister’s wedding because she was not able to come on that
day.
In about 120 words, write a letter to your friend describing some of the important events.
You may use the notes below to help you.

Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.2 preparations made i-THINK Bubble Map
for the big day –
everyone busy a

day before wedding

memorable day – morning – most
took photographs important event

with the new – wedding
couple solemnisation

My sister's
wedding

food served was bride and
delicious bridegroom looked

great in their
wedding attire

Write the letter.

88

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing 

Practice 6

You have been talking about vacations.
In about 120 words, write an essay about going to a beach for a holiday retreat.
You may use the notes below to help you.

Chapter
Chapter
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Beach – enjoyi-THINK Bubble Map
swimming – 2

snorkelling at sea

calming and Holiday great view – fine
relaxing Choices: sand – watched
Spending
surrounding My Time at sun set
a Beach

hiking or walking – Forest Retreat –
physical activities for those who love
environment and

nature

Write the essay.

89

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

INTRODUCTION

VOCABULARY

This chapter deals with various types of vocabulary items in the English Language. An enhanced
and extensive vocabulary will help students understand comprehension passages and write
good essays.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
A Hypernyms

Hypernyms are words with general meanings. They group words of the same category. So, from one
hypernym, you can make a list of words. This list is very useful whenever you learn a new word. It
helps you remember the new word better.

ChapterFurniture Footwear Flowers Vehicles
Chapter table slippers hibiscus car
bed shoes bus
chair sneakers rose van
stool sandals carnation lorry

lily

Info

4 Words that describe items in pairs always end with the letter ‘s’ (refer Footwear)

Formative Practice

Practice 1 Hypernyms
Write the hypernyms for the groups of words below.

List of Words
1. ruler, pen, eraser, sharpener
2. pots, pans, chopping board, ladle
3. cloudy, sunny, rainy, thunderstorm
4. shampoo, soap, toothpaste, lotion

Practice 2
Write each of the words given into the correct list. Each word can be used only once.

shears spade bonnet breakfast
pyjamas dinner rake seat belt
steering wheel tyres
uniform supper hoe
lunch scarf trousers

Clothing Car Meals Tools

150

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

B Masculine / Feminine / Common

Many words that label people and animals can be categorised as masculine for males and
feminine for females. Yet, there are some words that are the same for both males and females.
These words are labelled as common.

MasculinePenerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.FeminineCommon Most of the words that label the
bridegroom bride student feminine for people and animals
headmaster principal end with –ess.
headmistress teacher
waiter waitress cub
lion lioness

Formative Practice

Practice 1 Chapter
Complete the words in each category. Chapter

Masculine Feminine Common 4
post police room
grand grand grand
class
goat goat sales
pea pea house
head head

Practice 2
Sort the given words into three categories.

pupil dancer duke clerk
author duchess host hostess
hero heroine drake
duck
Masculine Feminine
Common

151

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

C Homophones

Homophones are words in the English language that have the same sound, but they are spelled
differently. Likewise, the meanings of these words are also different.

Examples
1. Lucy (blue, blew) the candles on the cake after she made a birthday wish.

The context or situation in the sentence is about Lucy’s birthday. The clues are candles, cake, and birthday
wish. All these tell you that you have to choose a word that describes an action. The answer cannot be
blue because it describes colour. So it must be blew, which is the past tense of the action, blow.

2. Serena is not feeling well. She looks (pail, pale)

The context or situation in the sentence is about Serena. The clues are not feeling well and looks. The
clues tell you that you have to choose a word that describes Serena’s condition. The answer cannot be
pail because it is an object. So it must be pale, which describes the condition of a person’s face.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Chapter
Chapter

4 Formative Practice

Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the list below to form pairs of homophones.

knew idol one pale hair ring

night meet pray right bored sew

(a) new - (b) idle - (c) won - (d) pail - (e) wring -
(f) knight - (g) meat - (h) prey - (i) write - (j) sow -

Practice 2 Web Link
Underline the correct word in the brackets.
1. There were many elderly people swimming in the (sea / see). For better understanding
2. Let’s buy local products (maid / made) in our country. on this topic, check out
3. The children are hungry. Give each a (piece / peace) of cake. this link:
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=oUa4FqVn2pA

4. The ambulance arrived at the (seen / scene) of the accident immediately.

5. The teacher told the pupils a fairy (tale / tail).

6. Students who often (brake / break) school rules are sent for counselling sessions.

152

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

D Collective Nouns – Living Things

In everyday life, people, animals and plants are often grouped together as one or a single unit.

Examples:

• a class of pupils
• a flock of birds
• a clump of bushes
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
The words class, flock, clump are known as collective nouns. They describe people, animals and plants that are

found in groups. It is important to remember that a collective noun is used as a single unit, so it is often followed

by a singular verb. Info

Examples: • What do you call a group of
1. The whole class of pupils was punished for being noisy. elephants?

2. A flock of birds flies out from that building every morning. • What do you call a group of bears?

Formative Practice Chapter
Chapter

Practice 1 4
Match the following collective nouns to the correct group of people.

Collective nouns People
1. an army of a. musicians
2. a flock of b. judges
3. a panel of c. singers
4. a band of d. ladies

5. a troupe of e. tourists
6. a bevy of f. friends
7. a host of g. circus performers
8. a choir of h. soldiers
9. a nest of i. pirates

Practice 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable collective nouns for animals.

swarm school army troop cloud flock caravan gaggle herd

1. an of ants 4. a of geese 7. a of camels

2. a of bees 5. a of sheep 8. a of fish

3. a of bats 6. a of deer 9. a of monkeys

153

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

Practice 3
Fill in the blanks with suitable collective nouns for plants.

heap tuft bundle row bunch pile
of firewood
1. a of grass 2. a of trees 3. a of logs
4. a of flowers 6. a
of dried leaves 5. a
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
E Collective Nouns – Non-living Things

Things such as vehicles, tools and common items can be grouped together as one or a single
unit too. Tips

Examples: It is important to remember that a collective noun
is used as a single unit, so it is often followed by a
• a pile of books singular verb.
• a fleet of cars
• a set of brushes Eg: There is a pile of books under the table (✓)
Chapter There are a set of brushes inside the drawer (✗)
Chapter

4
Formative Practice

Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable collective nouns for things.

album bundle string range column
lock parade comb loaf

1. an of photographs 2. a of hair 3. a of beads
4. a of bananas of smoke
7. a of rags 5. a of bread 6. a of uniformed

of mountains 8. a 9. a
bodies

Practice 2
Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb.

1. His collection of paintings (to be) valuable and rare.

2. The flight of stairs to the temple (to be) under repair.

3. The Internet (provide) a wealth of information for the users.

4. A fleet of antique cars (pass) by this road every Sunday morning.

5. This string of pearls (cost) a lot of money.

154

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

F Singular / Plural Nouns – Regular

The singular and plural forms are used for countable nouns.
A singular noun refers to ONE person, animal, insect or object.

Examples:

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.•  a student •  an engineer •  an experiment

•  a bank •  a cashier •  a computer


A plural noun refers to more than one person, animal, insect or object. Usually plural nouns end
with s, es, ies, or ves.

• For words that end with –y, add –s to the nouns or change –y to –ies.

• For words that end with –f, add –s to the nouns or change –f to –ves.

• For words that end with –o, add –s or –es to the nouns.

Examples: Chapter
Chapter
• school – schools • river – rivers
• box – boxes • mango – mangoes 4
• way – ways • story – stories
• volcano – volcanoes • radio – radios
• hoof – hooves • shelf – shelves

Formative Practice

Practice 1
Write the plural nouns for the words below.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
7. service
1. photograph 8. image
9. class
2. camera 10. bus
11. thief
3. tomato 12. life

4. key

5. lady

6. butterfly

155

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus
Practice 2
Rearrange the words to form complete sentences.
1. bought   He   apartment   last   month   an

2. expensive   Rizal   car   an   drives

3. lovely   to   present   buy   a   That's   for   mother

4. Sally   an   girl   is   obedient   so   she   chosen   to   a  
is   school   be   prefect

4

5. Saving   money   for   emergency   is   good   use   habit   to  
a   cultivate   young   from
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.Chapter
Chapter

G Singular / Plural Nouns – Irregular

Some nouns form their plural forms by changing the spelling of the root word, or adding a group
of letters at the end of the root word. Here are some ways that nouns form their plural forms.

Method Examples
Change the inside vowels.
Add –en to the singular noun. man – men
No change in the noun. foot – feet

child – children
ox – oxen

sheep – sheep
deer – deer

156

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

Formative Practice

Practice 1 Practice 2
Write the plural nouns for the words below. Write the plural nouns for the words below.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
1. woman 1. sheep

2. tooth 2. deer

3. goose 3. furniture

4. mouse 4. equipment

H Compound Words Chapter
Chapter
Compound words are formed by combining two
words to give it a new meaning. The words can be Info 4
from the same or different word classes.
Some compound words have a hyphen,
Example: which is a dash in between the two words.
A compound word with a hyphen is counted
house + wife as a single word.
a noun that refers to a a noun that refers to
the woman a man is housewife
place that people live in. refers to a married woman who
married to. = stays at home to take care of the
family and to do the household
high + way
an adjective that a noun that refers to chores.
the method of doing
describes the highway
measurement from the something. = refers to a main road for travelling

top to the bottom. long distance.

tooth + brush = toothbrush

base + ball = baseball

cup + cake = cupcake

wind + mill = windmill

fire + works = fireworks

light + house = lighthouse

157

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

Formative Practice

Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct word to form compound words.

bow boat care shake ache pocket born ware house star

1. soft + Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.ware = software
2. tooth + =
Chapter 3. hand + = Web Link
Chapter 4. light + =
5. super + = For better understanding
6. steam + = on this topic, check out
7. new + = this link:
8. pick + = https://study.com/academy/
= lesson/what-are-compound-words-
4 9. rain + = meaning-examples.html

10. child +

Practice 2
Form compound words by matching the words in the first column to suitable words in the second column.

No. First Word Second Word Compound Words
1. home shine hometown
2. sun ground
3. fire dew
4. moon town
5. honey drops
6. play works
7. busy fair
8. rain light
9. fun pit
10. arm body

158

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

I Occupations

It is interesting to know what one does for a living. To do that, it is necessary to learn the description
of one’s occupation. Let’s learn the different types of jobs that one does for a living, the place one
works at and how the work is done daily.

1. Types of Occupations

Occupation Description
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
accountant a person who keeps or checks financial accounts

actor a person who performs on stage, on television or in movies
admiral a person who commands a fleet of warships

apprentice a person who is attached to someone in order to learn a skill or trade
architect a person who designs buildings

artist a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings Chapter
astronomer a person who studies the stars, sun, moon, etc Chapter

auctioneer a person who sells goods in public to the person who offers the most money for it
author a person who writes books

baker a person who bakes and sells bread and cakes 4
barber a person who cuts men’s hair

bell boy a person who works in a hotel and carries the guests’ luggage to their rooms
bodyguard a person who guards and protects an important person

butcher a person who cuts up the meat and sells it in a market
butler a person who is in charge of the servants in a large house

caddie a person who performs tasks such as carrying golf clubs and looking for golf balls for a
golf player

calligrapher a person who is an expert in producing beautiful handwriting

carpenter a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures

cashier a person who receives and pays out money in a bank or shop

chef a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant or hotel

chiropractor a person who treats patients by moving and pressing a patient’s bones in the spine

clerk a person who keeps the records or accounts in an office or shop

coach a person who trains a person or team in a particular sport

cobbler a person who repairs shoes

composer a person who writes music

conductor a person who stands in front of an orchestra or a group of singers and directs their
performance

copywriter a person whose job is to write the words for an advertisement

159

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

Occupation Description

curator a person whose job is to be in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or art
gallery

dentist a person who takes care of people’s teeth

doctor a person who has been trained in medical science and treats the sick

driver a person who drives a vehicle

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.drovera person who moves groups of cows or sheep from one place to another

editor a person who decides the news items or articles to be published in a newspaper or
magazine

engineer a person who designs and builds engines, machines, roads or bridges

farmer a person who owns or manages a farm

fashion a person who designs fashionable clothes
designer

Chapterfirefightera person who puts out fires
Chapter
fisherman a person who catches fish for a living

4 fishmonger a person who sells fish in a market

florist a person who owns or works in a shop that sells flowers and plants

glazier a person whose job is to fit glass into the frames of windows

grocer a person who owns, manages or works in a shop selling groceries and household items

groom a person whose job is to feed and take care of horses, especially by brushing and cleaning
them

hawker a person who sells things by going from place to place

inventor a person who has invented something or invents things

journalist a person whose job is to collect and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, radio
or television

judge a person of authority in a court who decides how criminals should be punished or who
makes legal decisions

labourer a person who does unskilled physical work that requires a lot of strength

locksmith a person who makes, fits and repairs locks

mayor a person who is the head of a town or city

mechanic a person who repairs machines, especially the engines of vehicles

model a person whose job is to wear and show new styles of clothes in a catwalk or photography
session

musician a person who plays a musical instrument or writes music

160

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

Occupation Description

nurse a person who takes care of the sick or injured, usually in a hospital

optician a person who examines people’s eyes and recommends the use of spectacles

pharmacist a person who prepares and sells medicine in a shop or hospital

pilot a person who operates the controls of an aircraft

plumber a person who fits and repairs water pipes in toilets and washing areas
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
postman a person who collects and delivers letters and parcel

potter a person who makes clay pots by hand

psychologist a person who is trained in the scientific study of how the mind influences human behaviour

receptionist a person who deals with people arriving at or telephoning an office

referee the official who controls the games in a particular sports

reporter a person who collects and reports the news

rubber a person who taps rubber trees for latex Chapter
tapper Chapter

sailor a person who is a member of the crew on a ship

scientist a person who studies the natural sciences 4

seamstress a person who sews clothes for ladies and is usually a female

surgeon a doctor who is trained to perform surgery

tailor a person who makes men’s clothes

trishaw rider a person who carries passengers in a trishaw

usher a person who shows audience or spectators their seats in cinemas or concert halls

veterinarian a person trained in the science of animal medicine and treats sick or injured animals
/vet

waiter / a person who serves customers at their tables in a restaurant
waitress

vendor a person who sells things on the streets

zookeeper a person who takes care of the animals in a zoo

2. Things Associated with Occupations

Occupation Things

angler fishing rod
announcer microphone
astronomer telescope
baker oven, mixer, whisk, baking tray
butcher cleaver, knives, chopping boards
carpenter chisel, nails, saw, hammer

161

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

Occupation Things
chef apron, pot, stove, saucepan, oven, wok
conductor baton
doctor syringe, stethoscope
farmer hoe, sickle, plough, tractor
gardener spade, watering can, hose, shears, shovel
grocer cash register, abacus, weighing scales
nurse thermometer
painter easel, paint brushes, palette
swimmer goggles, swimsuit
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Formative Practice

Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word that describes the place of work.
Chapter
Chapter .
1. A baker bakes bread and cakes in a
4 2. A pilot flies an aircraft. He reports for duty at the
.

3. A veterinarian is an animal doctor. He/She works in the .

4. A surgeon performs operations for patients in a .

5. A scientist carries out experiments in a . . Web Link

6. A principal manages teachers, students and staff in a For better understanding
on this topic, check out
7. A lecturer gives lectures in a . this link:
https://study.com/academy/
8. A mechanic repairs all types of vehicles in a . lesson/jobs-occupations-vocabulary-
. for-esl-list-exercises.html
9. A photographer takes photographs in a .

10. A clerk prepares and files documents in an

Practice 2 PAK-21 Job Interview
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word that describes an occupation.
In pairs, practice a job interview for any
1. A person who writes novel is an . job you want to be. Here is some of the
suggested questions. You can add more
2. A person who puts out fire in a building is a . if you want to:
• Tell me about yourself.
3. A person who sells meat in a market is a . • Why do you want this job?
• Why would you be good at this job?
4. A person who grows crops in a farm is a .
.
5. A person who sweeps, mops and cleans a building is a

6. A person who trains players to play games is a .
.
7. A person who draws the design of houses is an

162

English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus 

J Home and Habitats / Places

People and animals require shelter to protect themselves from heat, rain and danger. So, it is
useful to learn the names of the homes of people and habitats of animals. The first list is the
names of the homes of people, while the second is the names of the habitats of animals.

List I List 2

1. A zoo is a place where wild animals are kept in
cages.

2. A sanctuary is an enclosed area where wild
animals roam around freely.

3. A stable is a place where horses are kept.

4. A burrow is a hole or tunnel in the ground made
by small animals like wild rabbits for them to live
in, while a hutch is a shelter for pet rabbits.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved. 1. People who travel to other places often find lodging
in a hotel.

2. In the olden days, primitive people lived in caves.

3. In modern cities, people live in high rise buildings
known as condominiums.

4. When people go camping, they sleep in tents.

Formative Practice Chapter
Chapter
Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word that describes homes and habitats. 4

1. The royal family lives in a .

2. In Sabah and Sarawak, the native people still live in .

3. Some schools provide for their students because their students stay far away from the school.

4. Bird owners keep their pet birds in .

5. Fish lovers keep their pet fish in large .

6. Bees make honey in , while the birds lay their eggs in .

Practice 2
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word that describes places.

incinerator desert stadium dispensary mortuary

1. A is a place with very few plants and very little rainfall. It is mostly covered by sand.
2. A is a place where dead bodies are kept in the hospital.
3. A is a place where football matches are played.
4. An
5. A is a place where rubbish is burned.
is a place where patients go to get their medication.

163

  English  Form 1 • 2 • 3  Chapter 4  Language/Grammar Focus

K Similes

Similes are simple comparisons. They are often used to compare things, animals or people. It is
common to use “as – as” in a simile. It is rather easy to remember a simile as you only need to
recall the distinct qualities connected to the things, animals or people mentioned.

Example:

• Sugar or honey is known for its sweetness. Hence, the simile, as sweet as sugar or as
sweet as honey.

• A lion is known to be a brave animal. Hence, the simile, as brave as a lion.
• A miser is known to be a stingy person. Hence, the simile, as stingy as a miser.

The words used to make the comparisons with the things, animals or people are known as adjectives.
As the comparisons are similar or alike, the adjectives are in the positive degree.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd. All Rights Reserved.
Formative Practice

Practice 1

4 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word for the comparison.
Chapter
Chapter

1. as slow as 5. as old as
2. as dry as 6. as deep as
3. as sharp as 7. as swift as
4. as blind as 8. as soft as

Practice 2
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word for the comparison.

1. as cunning as a 5. as dark as the
2. as gentle as a 6. as rough as the
3. as helpless as a 7. as loud as a
4. as stubborn as a 8. as slippery as an

164