Social Studies grade 4 final corrected Rt 2078 (2)

EXERCISE

(1) Identify the following historical heritage sites of our
country with the help of their pictures.

Bauddha Bhaktapur Durbar Square Changunarayan
Hanumandhoka Durbar Square Lumbini Pashupatinath
Swoyambhunath
Patan Durbar Square Gorkha Durbar

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(2) Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.
(a) Our historical heritages ...................... our country to the
rest of the world
(b) They depict the .................. and lifestyle of our ancestors.
(c) We should clean and ........................... historical heritage
sites from time to time.
(d) We can earn ........................... currency from tourism.
(e) There should be a tight ..................... system around our
heritage sites.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are our historical heritages?
(b) Give any eight examples of our historical heritages.
(c) Why should we preserve our historical heritages? Write
any three reasons.
(d) Write the full form of UNESCO.
(e) How can we preserve our historical heritages? Write any
three ways.

(4) Make a list of major historical places in your district.

(5) Draft a notice for the protection of historical places in
your locality and paste it in a public place. Here is an
example:
NOTICE! NOTICE!!

We request all the pilgrims not to offer coconut water, eggshells,
blood of animals, Aabir, and Kesari on the idols of this temple. They
destroy the idols. Please offer flowers and garlands only.

Temple Protection and Promotion Committee

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Lesson Origin of the Word 'Nepal'

6.3

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• tell the reasons why Nepal was named so; and
• describe the origin of the word 'Nepal' on the basis of

religion, caste and language.

We all know that the name of our country is Nepal. The name Nepal
has been in use since ancient time. However, ‘Nepal’ meant the
Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding areas in the past. After the
unification of our country, Kathmandu became the capital city, and
the name of the entire nation was Nepal after 1825 BS. There are
various views about the origin of the word ‘Nepal’.
The name 'Nepal' has been named on the basis of religion, caste
and language.

(1) On the Basis of Religion Chobhar George

According to Hindu scripture,
Kathmandu was a lake in the
beginning. In Dwapar Yuga, Lord
Krishna made the way to let the
water out of the lake to make
the place suitable for settlement.
Afterwards a herdsman named
‘Nippa’ started to live in. ‘Alaya’
means house. Thus the word
‘Nepal’ was formed from the
combination of these two words.

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According to another legend, a sage named “Ne” nurtured the
people of the Valley, and thus the name of the country became
Nepal. According to Swayambhu Puran, the entire Kathmandu
Valley was once filled with an enormous lake. Then, a saint named
Manjushree Bodhisatwa came to Nepal from China and drained out
all water from the lake through Chobhar gorge. Then, he crowned
Dharmakar as the first King of Nepal. Afterwards, the Valley became
suitable for human settlement. The Chinese used to call the place
‘Nippolo’. Many people believe that the word ‘Nepal’ came from
the word ‘Nippolo’.

(2) On the Basis of Caste

The Newars were the earliest settlers of the Kathmandu Valley.
The word ‘Newar’ came from ‘Nyarwa’. The class of Newars called
‘Nepar’ were the early settlers of the Valley. From the word ‘Nepar’,
Nepal word came into existence.

(3) On the Basis of Language

In the Tibetan language, ‘Ne’ means house and ‘Pal’ means
wool. A large quantity of wool was produced in Nepal in the past.
So, it was named Nepal. In the Limbu language, Nepal means plain
land. Since there is a big plain valley in the hilly region, it has been
called Nepal.

The Newars used to call Nepal only ‘Nepa’, which later became
Nepal. ‘Ne’ means middle, and ‘Pa’ means country. Nepal is located
in mountainous region. Thus, this name makes sense. In the ancient
Lepcha language, ‘Ne’ means sacred, and ‘Pal’ means cave. This
way, ‘Nepa’ implies a sacred or a religious place.

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entire GLOSSARY
scripture
herdsman : whole or full
: the sacred writings of a religion
nurtured : a person (especially a man) who watches over a

enormous herd of cows, buffaloes, etc.
implies : helped something or someone to grow, develop, or

succeed
: very great in size or amount
: expresses in an indirect way

EXERCISE

(1) Write whether the following statements are right or
wrong.
(a) The name 'Nepal' has been in use since
ancient time.
(b) The name of our entire nation was
Nepal after 2007 BS.
(c) Manjushree Bodhisatwa was originally
from India.
(d) A large quantity of wool was produced
in Nepal in the past.
(e) In the ancient Lepcha language, ‘Ne’ means
sacred, and ‘Pal’ means cave.

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(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) What did ‘Nepal’ mean in the past?
(b) According to Swoyambhu Puran, how did Nepal derive
its name?
(c) Who is King Dharmakar?
(d) How did Nepal derive its name according to the Tibetan
language? Write.
(e) How did Nepal originate its name according to the
Newari and Limbu language?

(4) Form different groups. Discuss the reasons for naming
Nepal on the basis of religion, caste and language.
Write the reasons on a sheet of chart paper in big
letters and paste it on the classroom wall.

(5) How did your village and district get their names? Find
out, and present the finding in your classroom.

(6) Copy the following map of Nepal and plot Kathmandu
Valley in it.

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Lesson Our Brave Martyrs

6.4

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• tell the contribution of martyrs in the history of our
country;

• tell the reasons behind martyrdom; and
• respect martyrs for their contribution.

Many people sacrificed their lives for our country. They are our
martyrs. They were killed or made to suffer greatly because of their
political beliefs and activities. They gave up their lives for the sake
of freedom and the welfare of the nation.

Lakhan Thapa Dasharath Chand Dharmabhakta Gangalal Shrestha Sukraraj Shastri
Mathema

Different rulers came into power and governed the country in
different phases of our country’s history. They couldn’t govern
the country according to the aspiration of the common people.
Therefore, some people struggled and launched various movements
to address the need of people. As a result, the state killed them.
Such great people are martyrs. They did not struggle for personal
motive but for the welfare of all people.

The autocratic Rana rulers ruled over Nepal for 104 years, from
1903 BS to 2007 BS. They did not provide even fundamental rights
to the general people. However, Sukraraj Shastri, Dharma Bhakta
Mathema, Dashrath Chand and Gangalal Shrestha raised their voice
against the autocratic Rana regime. As a result, the Ranas killed
them for fighting for the freedom of the Nepali people. After their

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murder, many common people joined the movement against the
oppressive Rana Regime. The movement they started ultimately
ended the Rana regime and established democracy in the country
in 2007 BS. Not only them, but the Ranas had killed many other
people for raising their voice against them.

After ten years of democracy, King
Mahendra imposed the party less
Panchayat system in Nepal in 2017
BS. The people couldn’t choose
their representatives themselves.
The King had full power in his hand.
Many people protested against
this ruling system too. As a result,
some innocent people got killed. It
Martyr's Day Celebration

continued for 30 years. People and
political leaders finally overthrew it in 2046 BS after the sacrifice of
many people. This mass movement is Jana Andolan (I).

The direct rule of King Gyanendra began on 19 Magh, 2061 BS. He
took away people’s rights and started to rule over the nation in an
autocratic way. Then, different political parties and people launched
a movement against the King. It began on 24th Chaitra, 2062 BS to
11th Baisakh 2063 BS, lasting for 19 days. This mass movement is
known as Jana Andolan II. 25 people attained martyrdom during this
revolution. As a result of this revolution, Loktantra was established
in Nepal on 11 Baisakh 2063 BS.

Nepal is a republican state at present. It has become possible
because of the contribution and sacrifice of all known and unknown
martyrs who lost their lives in various democratic movements. We
should always remember their contribution and pay respect to
them. Every year Magh 16 is observed as Shahid Diwas (Martyrs
Day) as a tribute to all martyrs. The day has been announced as a
public holiday. The second week of Magh (from Magh 10 to 16) is
observed as Shahid Saptaha (Martyrs’ Week).

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The security personnel of Nepal Army, Armed Police Force Nepal,
and Nepal Police who sacrified their life for the nation are also
martyrs. As of 2020 AD, there are more than 2800 such martyrs.

Every year, hundreds of officials, leaders and people garland the
statues of the four martyrs at Shahid Gate to mark the Martyrs’
Day. Shahid Gate is the memorial
built to remember and honour the
four martyrs. Engineer Shankar
Nath Rimal designed it. It was
inaugurated in BS 2018. Babukaji
Tuladhar and Balkrishna Tuladhar
made the statues. The original
name of Shahid Gate was ‘Nepal
Smarak’. Laxman Singh Khadka has
been involved in taking care of the Shahid Gate

memorial. Khadka likes to introduce
himself as 'Nepal ko Khalasi'. There are several Martyrs Memorial
Parks in various places of Nepal, such as in Hetauda, Banepa and
Lainchaur.

GLOSSARY

sake : the benefit of someone or something

aspiration : something that a person wants very much to achieve

launched : started something that requires much effort

autocratic : having complete power; involving rule by somebody
who has complete power

oppressive : very cruel or unfair

imposed : established or created something unwanted in a
forceful or harmful way

protested : showed or expressed strong disagreement

attained : accomplished or achieved something

inaugurated : started to use something for the first time

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EXERCISE

(1) Identify the following martyrs with the help of the
following descriptions.

(a) He is known as the first martyr of Nepal. Rana rulers
hanged him in a tree at Kaule of Bungkot in Gorkha
district on 2 Falgun 1933 BS for protesting against the
Rana regime.

.................................................
(b) He had good knowledge of various languages such

as Sanskrit, Hindi, Nepali, English and Newari. He
has written several books like Nepal Ko Jhalak, Satya
Kalpana, Satyartha Prakash, etc. He was hanged at
Pachali, Teku (Kathmandu) on 10 Magh 1997 BS for his
anti-Rana activities. Among the four martyrs, he was
killed at first.
.................................................
(c) He was a professional body builder and a physical
instructor to King Tribhuwan. He was hanged till death
at Sifal in Kathmandu at midnight on 12 Magh 1997 BS.

.................................................

(d) He was a bright student and a good speaker. He was
tied and shot dead with Dasarath Chand near Shobha
Bhagwati temple on 14 Magh 1997 BS. He was the
youngest martyr among the four martyrs who attained
martyrdom.

.................................................

(e) He received his education in Banaras, and was impressed
with the independence of India. He was tied and shot
dead with Gangalal Shrestha near Shova Bhagwati
temple on 14 Magh 1997 BS.

..........................................

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(2) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) The martyrs did not struggle for personal motive, but
for .............................. of all people.
(b) The autocratic Rana rulers ruled over Nepal for
.............................. years from 1903 BS to 2007 BS.
(c) Panchayat system remained in practice in Nepal for
........................ years.
(d) Nepal is a ............................ state at present.

(e) We celebrate Martyrs Day on ......................... every year.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) Who are martyrs? Define.
(b) Why did the martyrs sacrifice their life for their nation?
(c) Why did the Ranas kill Shastri, Mathema, Chand and
Shrestha?
(d) When was Loktantra established in Nepal?
(e) How can we pay real tribute to the martyrs? Write any
three ways.

(4) Have you seen the statue of any martyr? If yes, write
whose statue did you see? Where is it? Why is it placed
there? And when did he or she get martyrdom? Write
about the martyr. Read about him or her to make your
answer reliable.

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Revisiting the Unit

(1) Give any four examples of the following.
(a) Forts situated in Sindhuli district
(b) Our historical heritages
(c) Our great martyrs

(2) Write short paragraphs on the following topics.
(a) Lumbini
(b) Pashupatinath
(c) Our Brave Martyrs

(3) Write creative answers to the following questions.
(a) How can we preserve and promote our historical heritage
sites? Write any five ways.
(b) We get a public holiday and stay at home on Martyr's
Day. Is this the right way to respect and remember our
great martyrs? What are other effective ways to praise
their contributions? Mention any three ways.
(c) How will you respond if someone takes away your
freedom?
(d) What would have happened if martyrs had not sacrificed
their lives for the sake of our country?

(4) Have you ever visited any historical sites such as forts,
palaces and museums? If yes, share your experience
with your friends.

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Unit : Seven

OUR ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES

Lessons in this unit:
7.1 Working Habit
7.2 Respect to Work
7.3 Economic Habit
7.4 Products of Our Provinces
7.5 Our Economic Activities

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Lesson Working Habit

7.1 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• develop the habit of helping our family besides
reading, writing and playing;

• help our family members in their work; and
• respect and follow good work done by others.

Phurwa’s house is in Chame of Manang district. He goes to school
to study in day time. He lends a hand in household chores in the
morning and evening in his free time. He cleans the house yard,
looks after his younger sister, washes utensils, cuts vegetables,
waters flowers in the garden, and so on. Sometimes, he goes to
graze animals and collect wood on Saturday and other public
holidays.
Phurwa has a habit of completing
his homework in the evening
and studying for two hours in the
morning. He helps his parents with
household work after his study is
over. He always secures good marks
in his examination. Every teacher,
neighbour and relative appreciates
Phurwa.
His Social Studies teacher often says, “Like Phurwa, we should help
our family members when we are free at home. Many children think
that their duty is to study only. However, we can help our parents
by doing the work we can do. We can look after our younger
siblings. We can go to the shop to buy household things. We can
wash dishes. If there are pets in our home, we can feed them. We

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can arrange our bed ourselves and fold our clothes. Sometimes, we
can even clean our bathroom.”

She further says, “Helping family
members in household work has
many benefits. Firstly, we receive
love and appreciation from others.
When we help our family members,
teachers, neighbours and relatives ,
they love and appreciate us. Then,
we feel happy and proud. Secondly,
we can make our family happy. Our
parents usually have to do many things at their office and home.
They need to earn money for our livelihood. While doing so, they
often get tired. If we help them when we are free, they feel happy
with us. They feel proud of us.”

“Thirdly, it can help us later in our life. When we help our parents
in their work, they teach us many things. They instruct us what to
do and what not to do. In that way, we can learn many skills. Such
skills help us in adulthood. We can become more responsible and
independent in our work. Fourthly, sharing housework can also
help families work better and decrease family tension. If we help
our parents in housework, they do not scold us and become angry
with us. Ultimately, we get more time to spend doing fun things
together. Lastly, physical labour keeps our body fit and healthy.”

chore GLOSSARY
yard
: a small job that is done regularly
utensil : an outdoor area that is next to a house and is
siblings
livelihood usually covered by grass
: a simple and useful device used in the kitchen
: a brother or sister
: a way of earning money in order to live

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EXERCISE

(1) Write whether the following statements are true or
false.
(a) A student shouldn’t do any other work
besides studying.
(b) Everyone likes a person who works hard.
(c) Helping family members in household work
has many benefits.
(d) Our parents never get tired in their job.
(e) Sharing housework can also help families
work better and reduce family tension.

(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) How can you help your family when you are free? Write
any three ways.
(b) Why should we help our family with household work?
Write any three reasons.
(c) Do you like to sit idle or do any work? Why?
(d) Some children think that their work is to study only. When
they get free time, they play outside, play mobile games
or watch television instead of helping their parents.
What do you suggest to such children?
(e) How can we make our parents happy and proud of us?
Write any three ways.

(3) A hobby an activity that a person does for pleasure.
What are your hobbies? Compare your hobbies with
that of your friends.

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Lesson Respect to Work

7.2 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• respect all the good work done in our municipality
or rural municipality; and

• collect the data of occupations that people follow
in our community.

Rasmita’s parents are farmers. They
grow different crops such as rice,
wheat, maize, mustard, and some
fruits and vegetables. They sell the
surplus crops in the market and
manage money for their family. Her
mother rears animals like buffaloes,
cows and goats for meat and dairy
products such as milk, curd and
ghee.
Maya’s parents are involved in business. They have a big grocery
store. They sell foods such as flour, sugar, and other household
goods. Maya’s brother works in a local soap factory, and her sister-
in-law teaches in a private school. Her family members do various
kinds of work. Maya also helps
them in their work.
People are involved in different
occupations in Ramila’s village.
Ghumti Kaka makes and repairs
shoes. Kharibote Kaka is a weaver.
He weaves bamboo products such
as basket, Thunse, Nanglo, and

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Mandro from Choya (strips of bamboo). He sells his products in
market to earn money. Lamoghare Kaka earns his living by making
beautiful pots and vases from clay. He is a potter.

There is a Nepali Kagaj (paper)
factory at Phulmati’s house. They
make Nepali paper from the bark
of a plant named Lokta. It is good
and strong. People use it in courts,
and for preparing various types of
documents. Her brother-in-law is a
plumber. He connects and repairs
leaking pipes and taps. Bishnu
Pradhan manages a hotel. He works
very hard to keep the rooms of his
hotel neat and tidy. He also assists his brother to prepare delicious,
hygienic and organic meals for the guests. His brother is a cook.

In this way, people do various types of
work in our locality according to their
education, interest and capacity. They
provide different goods and service to
others. They depend on each other’s work
to fulfil their needs. Every occupation is
equally important. Each work contributes
to society in the same way.

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No occupation is superior or
inferior. Our society cannot run
properly if all people follow the
same occupation. White-collar
workers such as doctors, engineers
and officers generally receive more
prestige than blue-collar workers
such as masons, and plumbers
in Nepal. However, only white-
collar workers cannot run society
smoothly. Therefore, every work has its own value. We should
respect people of all occupations equally.

GLOSSARY

surplus : an amount (such as an amount of crops) that is
grocery more than the amount that is needed

: a store that sells food and household supplies

strips : long, narrow pieces of bamboo

white-collar workers : relating to people who work in offices, doing
work that needs mental rather than physical effort

blue-collar workers : relating to workers who do work needing
strength or physical skill rather than office work.

mason : a skilled worker who builds or works with stone,
brick, or concrete

EXERCISE

(1) Who am I?
(a) I grow different crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and
mustard, and rear animals. Who am I?
.........................................

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(b) I make and repair shoes. Who am I? ...............................

(c) I care for people who are ill or injured, especially in a
hospital. Who am I? .........................................

(d) I sell meat in a shop. Who am I? ......................................

(e) I supply and connect or repair water pipes, baths and
toilets. Who am I? .........................................

(f) I design or build machines, engines, or electrical
equipment, or things. Who am I? ....................................

(2) Answer the following questions.

(a) What does a weaver do?
(b) What does a potter do?
(c) How is the work of a plumber different from the work of

a cook?
(d) Why do people follow different occupations in our

society?
(e) Every occupation is equally important. Why?

(3) Rasmita wrote about her neighbour’s work as follows:

Who? What do they do?
Toplal uncle works in a bank
Mani brother teaches in a school
Sanu brother runs a bike workshop
Urmila sister-in-law works in a social organisation
Januka aunt rears goats and pig

Show similar work of your neighbours like Rasmita’s in
a table

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Lesson Economic Habit

7.3

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• develop the habit of spending our money wisely;
and

• take proper care of our personal belongings.

Shisham and Alina were two close
friends. Both of them lived in a big
city. They were fond of each other,
but they were of different nature.

Shisham preferred to live a simple
life. She would always wear simple
but clean clothes. She would never
spend money on unnecessary
things such as fancy clothes, junk
food and random toys. She would
spend her money to buy essential
items such as books, copies, pens,
and stationery items only. After
buying necessary things, she always
returned the remaining money to
her parents. She would always clean her shoes and uniform properly.
She always kept them in the proper place after using them. She
never made unnecessary demands. Her parents were proud of her.

On the other hand, Alina was an extravagant girl. She would
always spend a lot more than she could afford. She was fond of
wearing fashionable clothes. She would like to imitate the lifestyle
of celebrities. She would like to spend all the money given by her
parents. She would always force her parents to buy expensive toys
and costly clothes.

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After several years, both Shisham
and Alina grew up. However,
their habit remained the same. It
became very difficult for Alina’s
parents to fulfil her expectations.
She started working in a company.
However, her income was far below
her expenses. Shisham also began
to work in an organisation. She had
realised the value of money right
from her childhood. She began to
save more than half of her salary
every month. She began to invest
her saved money in other sectors
also. She became successful and wealthy in her life because of her
frugal lifestyle. Shisham often said to Alina, “We should always cut
our coat according to our cloth”, but she always turned a deaf ear.

The habit formed in childhood is very difficult to break. Thus, we
should develop the habit of spending money carefully right from
our childhood. A way of living by using only the necessary money or
food is called frugality. There are several benefits of being a frugal
child. You can save money and reach important goals. Likewise, you
can be generous and help others. Helping others can make you
feel happy. If you are frugal, you become more responsible too.

Being frugal doesn’t mean buying anything that you really need.
However, there is a difference between wanting something and
needing something. We should learn to enjoy every simple thing
that we need. There is a popular saying about the way to spend
money wisely. It says: If you take care of the pennies, the dollars will
take care of themselves. It means if you take care of little things one
at a time, they can add up to big things.

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GLOSSARY

preferred : liked something better than another thing else

extravagant : very expensive and not necessary

expectation : a belief that something will happen because it is
likely

frugal : using money or supplies in a very careful way

turn a deaf ear : refuse to listen to a statement or request

EXERCISE

(1) Tick ( ) only the statements that are true in your case.
(a) I always wear simple and clean clothes.
(b) I like to spend money on unnecessary things.
(c) I make unnecessary demands with my
parents.
(d) I like to imitate the lifestyle of celebrities.
(e) I always buy the things that I need only.
(f) I save the money that my parents and family
give on different occasions.
(g) I enjoy every simple thing that I have.
(h) I request my parents to spend their income
wisely.

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(2) Choose the right answers.
(a) We should always wear ........................... clothes. (clean,
expensive)
(b) We have to develop of spending our money .................
(carefully, wastefully)
(c) We should ......................... make unnecessary demands
with our parents. (always, never)
(d) It is better to purchase only the things that we really
............................... . (need, want)
(e) ................... lifestyle makes our life prosperous. (Frugal,
Extravagant)

(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) How is a simple life different from an extravagant
lifestyle?
(b) What do you mean by frugality?
(c) Why should we be frugal or economic? Write any two
reasons.
(d) How can you be a frugal child? Write any three ways.
(e) “If you take care of the pennies, the dollars will take care
of themselves.” What does this statement mean?

(3) Make a list of the income and expenses of your own
family. Discuss various ways to spend money wisely
with your parents and family.

(4) What suggestions would you like to give to a friend
who spends money carelessly and buys unnecessary
things? Make a list of any three suggestions.

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Lesson Products of Our Provinces

7.4 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify the agricultural and industrial products
produced in our province;

• consume products produced in our own province; and
• make a list of famous products of our country with

their districts of production.

My name is Pema. I live in Olangchung Gola. It is in Taplejung
district. Taplejung lies in Province Number 1. People produce
various products such as tea, jute bag, biscuit, soap, sweater, knife,
clothes, Dhaka Topi, and chhurpi here.
I am Rikesh Shrestha. My house is in Makwanpur district. It is in
Bagmati Pradesh. The major products of my province are carpet,
sugar, clothes, shoes, cement, and noodles.
My name is Annu Chaturvedi. I live in Kapilbastu district. It lies in
Lumbini Pradesh. The major products of my province are noodles,
soap, sugar, clothes, sweater, Radipakha, orange, thread, Dhaka
clothes, jug (Karuwa) and so on.
I am Jyoti Shahi from Jumla district. Jumla lies in Karnali Pradesh.
The chief products of this province are apples, medicinal herbs,
Radipakha, and woollen sweaters.
My name is Deepika Joshi. I live in Kailali with my family. It lies
in Sudurpaschim Pradesh. Shoes, sweater, basket (Doko), Theki,
kitchen wares, latex, and carpet are its major products.

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My name is Pappu Yadav. I
live in Dhanusa district. It is
located in Province Number
2. All districts of Province
Number 2 lie in the Terai
Region. Terai Region is also
known as the storehouse of
grains or granary of Nepal as
a large amount of grains are
produced here and supplied
all over the country. People
grow various crops such as
paddy, wheat, mustard, and
sugarcane in this region. Besides these crops, people also produce
different utensils, soap, and biscuits.
My name is Pawan Gurung. I live in Ghale Gaun, Lamjung. It falls in
Gandaki Pradesh. The major products of this province are apples,
oranges, and fish.

We should always use the products produced in our own country.
Domestic products are cheaper than imported goods. They are
easily available. Our money doesn’t go out of our country. Likewise,
the people of our own country get employment opportunities
in domestic industries. It improves the living standard of people
living in our country. Therefore, we should use our own domestic
products.

wares GLOSSARY
latex
: things that are made from a particular material for a
particular use

: a white fluid produced by certain plants used for
making rubber

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EXERCISE

(1) Different places in Nepal are famous for different
products. Look at the list of places and products, and
fill in the blanks with suitable names of provinces.

Products Places/District Provinces
Apple Jumla
Cement Udaypur
Chaku Tokha (Kathmandu)
Coffee Gulmi
Curd Bhaktapur
Dhaka clothes Palpa
Ginger Malneta (Salyan)
Khukuri Bhojpur
Mustard Chitwan
Orange Dhankuta
Pan (Tapke) Birgunj
Radish Chitlang (Makwanpur)
Raw leather Dailekh
Tea Ilam
Theki Bajhang

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(2) Make a list of any five major products produced in the
following provinces.

Provinces Major products

Province No 1

Province No 2

Bagmati Pradesh

Gandaki Pradesh

Lumbini Pradesh

Karnali Pradesh

Sudurpaschim Pradesh

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) Why is the Terai Region of Nepal known as the “granary
of Nepal”?
(b) Why should we consume domestic products? Write any
three reasons.

(4) Make a list of any six things used at your home. Also,
write the names of places where they were produced.

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Lesson Our Economic Activities

7.5 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• be familiar with the economic activities carried out
in our neighbourhood; and

• observe such economic activities and collect their
data.

Miss Sadhana took the students of grade four on a field trip to
observe various economic activities of their locality.

At first, they visited Sitaram uncle’s
house. He was weaving baskets.
He weaves Doka, Dalo, Thunse
and many other bamboo products.
They observed his skill carefully.
They noticed how he makes Doko
from bamboo strips.

Then, they went to Kala sister’s
house. She was knitting a sweater
from wool. Sneha wanted to know
how they get wool to knit sweaters.
Kala said, “We get wool from
hairs of sheep, and rabbit.” They
observed various woollen clothes
Knitting woolen cloth

prepared by Kala sister. There were
sweaters, bags, socks, gloves, etc. Kala said, “I earn a good amount
of money by knitting sweaters. I can meet my family expenses with
my income.” All students like Kala sister’s work.

Thereafter they visited several other places. They observed the
making of bricks, tiles and blocks from clay. They also saw an

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orange orchard. Nawaraj Uncle had operated a poultry farm. There
were many local chickens, broilers chickens and turkeys. Pramila
sister had started mushroom farming. They also visited a bee farm.
The shopkeepers were selling goods in shops. They saw Abhishek
brother driving a taxi. In this way, the students observed various
work today.

After the field visit, the Social Studies teacher gathered all students
and said, “People in our locality are involved in different occupations
according to their interest, skill, capacity and level. They carry out
various economic activities in our locality. The activities of producing,
buying, or selling products or services are known as economic
activities. Every economic activity contributes to our society in the
same way.”

trip GLOSSARY
expenses
contribute : a journey to a place
: an amount of money spent to pay for something
: to help to cause something to happen

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EXERCISE

(1) Match the following.
(a) Doko and Dalo flower nectar
(b) Sweater clay
(c) Bricks and tiles wool
(d) Mushroom bamboo strips
(e) Honey straw

(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are economic activities?
(b) What work does your family do?
(c) Make a list of any six economic activities that people
carry out in your locality.

Revisiting the Unit

(1) Give any four examples of the following.
(a) Different hobbies of people
(b) Products of your province
(c) Economic activities that people carry out in your
neighbourhood

(2) Write short paragraphs on the following activities.
(a) Economic habit
(b) Economic activities in my neighbourhood

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Unit : Eight

CREATIVE ARTS

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Section A: VISUAL ART

Lesson 8.1 Let’s Express Ourselves
through Painting

We can paint pictures on paper with pencils, crayons, markers or
sign pens. We should learn to paint in different ways. Our paintings
may not look ditto to original paintings; we should keep on trying.
Paintings consist of images full of lines, stripes and patterns. Look
at the following examples.

ACTIVITY

Paint pictures of your choice on a sheet of paper.

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Lesson 8.2 Let’s Draw from
Observation

We can draw objects of different shapes and forms by observing
them. We can learn a lot about those objects by drawing their
pictures. Objects with shapes like round, square, triangle are called
the objects with geometrical shapes. We can bring objects of
different shapes in our classroom and draw them.

ACTIVITY

Bring some objects of different shapes in your
classroom and draw pictures by observing them.

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Lesson 8.3 Let’s Draw the Pictures of
Trees, Animals and Birds

Trees, animals and birds have different parts. Let’s memorise their
all parts and draw some pictures. Look at the following pictures.

ACTIVITY

Draw the pictures of trees, animals and birds in your
Activity book.

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Lesson 8.4 Let’s Mix the Colours

Different objects have different colours in the surrounding.
Therefore, we need different colours while drawing pictures. We
can produce different colours from watercolours, pencil colours,
crayons and poster colours. We can also use locally available colours
like vermillion, saffron, red clay, turmeric, etc.

ACTIVITY

Make different kinds of green, mixing blue and yellow.
Now, paint a tree with the greens that you made.

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Lesson 8.5 Let’s Do Print Work

Printing is a process of making more than one from the same
drawing. We can print in various ways. We can get an impression
of an object by applying colour on its surface and pressing it on a
sheet of paper.

Making potato prints

(1) Cut a potato half with a knife.
(2) Make any form or pattern you like on the surface of the potato

with a knife.
(3) Paint over the potato.
(4) Press it on paper.

ACTIVITY

Cut different patterns or forms on potato and print.

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Lesson 8.6 Let’s Make a Collage

A collage is a work of art made by attaching pieces of different
materials (such as paper, cloth, or wood) to a flat surface. In this
lesson, we are going to make a paper collage.

What You Need?

Cardboard or thick piece of paper, pencils, markers, pens, glue,
paintbrush, newspaper, ruler, scissors (optional), paint, and colouring
pencils (optional)

Stepwise Procedure:
First, draw and outline the figure.
Then, apply glue with a brush within the figure outline only.
Now, tear small pieces of colour paper and paste them on the
desired area.
Finally, dry it for some time, and your paper college is ready.

ACTIVITY

Prepare a paper collage of your choice.

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Lesson 8.7 Let’s Make Different
Objects from Clay

We can make various types of objects by taking a round piece of
clay on our and by pulling it out and pushing it in the method. We
can make similar objects from clay by observing fruits, vegetables,
etc. carefully. Here are some samples of objects made from clay.

pictures of objects made from clay

ACTIVITY

Prepare similar objects yourself from clay.

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Lesson 8.8 Let’s Make Different
Objects from Paper

Jackal

Pigeon Approved by Curriculum Development Centre,
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Star box

190 Creative Arts

Lesson 8.9 Let’s Make Objects
from Wire

We can make various designs by bending and joining pieces of
wire. We can bend thin wires easily with hand, but we should use
pincers to bend thick wires. Let’s learn to make different objects
form wire.

ACTIVITY

Prepare similar types of objects using wire.

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Section B: MUSIC

Lesson 8.10 Let’s Do Vocal Practice

The vocal practice is the key to singing. Through vocal practice, the
understanding of rhythm and melody is improved. Some examples
are given here for vocal practice. Practise them in harmony.

1. Rising (Aaroha) ;f /] u d k w lg ;f+
Falling (Awaroha) ;f+ lg w k d u /] ;f

2. Rising ;f;f //] ] uu dd kk ww lglg ;f;+ f+
Falling ;f+;f+ lglg ww kk dd uu //] ] ;f;f

3. cf/fx] ;f/u] –, /]ud –, udk –, dkw –, kwlg –, wlg;f+ –,
cj/f]x ;f+lgw –, lgwk –, wkd –, kdu –, du/] –, u/];f –,

4. cf/f]x ;f/u] d, /]udk, udkw, dkwlg, kwlg;f+
cj/f]x ;f+lgwk, lgwkd, wkdu, kdu/], du/;] f

ACTIVITY

Practice the above given vocals solo or in chorus with
rhythm and tune.

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Lesson 8.11 Let’s Play the Madal

Madal is one of the most popular musical instruments in Nepal. It
has two sides. It is a double-headed drum used in all types of songs,
mostly folk songs, in Nepal. Its right side is usually smaller than the
left side. People play it by beating on both sides in rhythm. The
madal produces different bols or sounds.

ACTIVITY

Practice the above-given khyali and jhyaure vocals by
playing the madal.

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Lesson 8.12 Let’s Sing a Song

lstfasf kfgf x/] , xfdLeGbf ;fgf
tL kfgfdf jL/tf / uf/} jsf ufgf .
sndsf 6K' kf cem}, cfFn} feGbf ;fgf
To} 6K' kfn] 1fgL s/' f, nV] 5fF}{ kfgfkfgf ..
xfdL dfG5] ;fgf;fgf kfP ;xL 1fg
kf/} vn] p7fpF5fF}, gk] fnsf] ;fg .
;ae} Gbf zLtn 5fof lxdfnsf] 5fof
hlt a9\5fF} plt a9\5 :jb]zsf] dfof ..

xfdL /fK] 5fF} af]6 aLp xfdL wtL{ sf5] f}{F
;a} ldnL gk] fndf dfof /ª e5f{F} .
kl9n]vL l;k l;Sg] kn} f] xfdf| ] sfd
h] h] l;S5f}F r9fOlbG5fF,} oxL b]zsf] gfd ..

ACTIVITY

Sing the above-given song solo or in chorus.

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Section C: DANCE

Lesson 8.13 Let’s Dance

Dance is a series of movements that are done as music is playing. It
is known as Naach in the Nepali language. People dance according
to the rhythm and beat of the music. It is one of the means to
express our happiness and sorrow. Music is an important part of
the dance.

ACTIVITY

Practise some popular dance steps with your dance
teacher or friends.

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Section D: ACTING

Lesson 8.14 Let’s Act Out

The skill of presenting any story, event, dialogue and conversation
through imitation is called acting. In acting, facial expression and
dialogue play a significant part. You can act out different roles of
actors or stories.

ACTIVITY

Act out on any story of Nepali book of grade 4.

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Vedanta Creative Corner

Our Costumes

Aangi Tshering Kingkhab Syamung
Tetung

Pangden Bakhhu

Docha
Male and Female of Sherpa community

Dhaka topi

Choli Daura

Patuki Coat
Phariya
Suruwal

Male and Female of Chhetri community

Kurta Blouse
Dhoti Sari

Male and Female of Terai Region of Nepal

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Our Local Tools and Utensils

Chulesi Damlo

Dalo Doko

Gundri Namlo

Mandro Nanglo

Pathi Theki Madani

198 Creative Arts Pirka Thunse

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Our Folk Musical Instruments

Arbajo Binayo Dafali Danfu

Dhol Dhyangro Ektare Hudko

Khaijadi Murchunga Pung Pungi

Sankha Tungana Yalamber

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Our Classical and Folk Dances

Arya Tara Bajrayogini Balan Bhairab Kali

Chandi Chaulo Deuda Devi

Jharra Jhijhiya Hudkeli Jat Jatin

Kaura Lakhe Maruni Tamang Selo

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