Let's Log In Computer Science Book 7 Revised (2078).indd

Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7

Desktop - Window 10

Icons

Icons are small bitmap pictures or symbols on desktop. When
icons are clicked on programs or applications are launched.
The icons in Desktop area and Quick Launch Bar are called
Shortcuts. Some common icons of Desktop area are This PC,
User’s Files, Recycle Bin, Network, etc.

This PC

This PC icon in MS-Windows facilitates you to navigate all
disk drives: floppy disks, hard disks, compact disks, and other
removable drives. Files and folders in any drive are accessible

from This PC icon. This PC icon is generally found
on desktop. Double clicking on the icon opens
up This PC window, which displays icon for all
the drives as well as control panel, printers, and
networking.

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Drive (C:)

A drive, or disk drive, is
hardware on which you can
store files and folders. Disk
drives are assigned a letter.

Your primary hard drive (the drive inside your computer) is known as
(C:) drive.

Your floppy disk drive (if you have) is known as A: or B: drive.
Your CD/DVD drive is usually called D: drive if your hard disk has only

one partition.
C: drive mostly contains windows and installation files from other

programms.

File

A file is the collection of related information, a set of data used by a program
or a user created document stored on a disk. A file may be a program file,
text file, image file, video file, audio file, or any other types of file. Each file
on a disk has a unique name called filename. A filename has two parts:
filename and an extension.

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File name identifies the file on a disk and an extension clarifies its meaning
or identifies the type of file.

Different types of file extension icons

Example:

Annapurna.jpg extension

filename

Some common file extensions are:

doc or docx : Word or WordPad document

jpg or jpeg : Picture file

txt : Notepad text file

xls or xlsx : Excel spreadsheet

htm or html : HTML file (web page)

ppt or pptx : PowerPoint presentation

mdb or accdb : Access database

mp3 : Audio file

mp4, avi : Video file

Folder

A folder is a container for storing files and other folders. A
collection of related files can be grouped in a common folder.
A folder within a folder is called a sub-folder.

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Creating Folder

Follow the steps below to create a
new folder on desktop:

Step 1 : Right-click on
the blank area of
Desktop.

A pop-up menu
appears.

Step 2 : Select New and
Click on Folder

Step 3 : Type in the Folder
name.

Step 4 : Press on Enter.

A new folder is created.

Selecting file and folder

To select a single file or folder, click on it.
To select multiple files and folders, click one by one on every file or

folder with Shift key pressed.
To select multiple files and folders that are not placed together, select

the file or folder with Ctrl key pressed.

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Opening a file/folder

To open a file or folder, double-click on it. The file/folder opens and
you can view its contents.

Renaming a file or folder

Follow the steps below to rename a
file/folder:

Step 1 : Right-click on the
icon of the target file
Step 2 : or folder. A pop-up
Step 3 : menu appears.
Step 4 : Click on Rename.
Type in the new
name.
Press on Enter.

Deleting a File or a Folder

Follow the below steps to delete a file/
folder:

Step 1 : Right-click on the file
or folder that you want
Step 2 : to delete.
or A pop-up menu appears.
Step 1 : Click on Delete option.
Step 2 :
Select the file or folder.
Press on Delete key.

Recycle Bin 55

Recycle Bin is a system folder that
stores the items you delete from windows. These deleted
items are, not deleted from the hard disk until Recycle
Bin is emptied. The items can be restored to their original
location if the file or folder was deleted by mistake. The

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files that you delete from removable device, such as pen drive and floppy
disk are not sent to Recycle Bin.

Restoring Deleted Files or Folders from Recycle Bin

Restore means bringing back the deleted files or
folders back to its original location from Recycle
Bin. Follow the steps below to restore files:

Step 1 : Double-click on Recycle Bin icon
Step 2 : present on Desktop.
Step 3 : Right-click on the file or folder
you want to restore.
Click on Restore.

Emptying Recycle Bin

Just deleting the items does free up the disk space
as they are stored in Recycle Bin. In order to
free up disk space, Recycle Bin must be emptied
periodically.

Follow the steps below to empty the Recycle Bin:

Step 1 : Right-click on Recycle Bin
icon on desktop. A pop-up menu
appears.

Step 2 : Click on Empty Recycle Bin. You will be asked for a
confirmation.

Step 3 : Click on Yes to empty or No to cancel.

Moving a File or Folder

Cutting and pasting are typical Windows functions. Cutting means moving
something (file, folder, text, image, etc.). Pasting brings the cut item in its
new location.

Follow the steps below to cut a file or folder:

Step 1 : Right-click on the file or folder
that you want to move. A pop-
up menu appears.

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Step 2 : Click on Cut.
or :
Step 1 Select the file or folder that
you want to move.
Step 2 : Press on Ctrl+X.

Follow the steps below to paste the file to a new location:

Step 1 : Open the desired folder where
you want to move the file or
Step 2 : folder.
Step 3 : Right-click on the blank area.
or Click on Paste from the pop-up
Step 1 : menu.
Step 2 :
Open the desire folder where you
want to move the file or folder.
Press on Ctrl+V.

Copying a File or Folder

Like cutting, copying is also a common function in Windows. Copying creates
a duplicate item.

Follow the steps below to copy a file
or folder:

Step 1 : Right-click on
the file or folder
that you want to
move. A pop-up
menu appears.

Step 2 : Click on Copy.

or

Step 1 : Select the file or folder that you want to move.

Step 2 : Press on Ctrl+C.

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Follow the steps below to paste the file to a new location:

Step 1 : Open the desired folder where you want to move the file or
folder.

Step 2 : Right-click on the blank area.

Step 3 : Click on Paste from the pop-up menu.

or

Step 1 : Open the desire folder where you want to copy the file or
folder.

Step 2 : Press on Ctrl+V.

Taskbar

Task bar is a horizontal bar positioned at the bottom of desktop when you
start windows. It contains Start Button, Application Buttons, System Tray,
and other toolbars that can be configured to it.

Shutting down the computer
(Closing Windows 10)

Follow the below steps to shut down the
computer:
Step 1 : Click on Start Button.
Step 2 : Click on Power Button
Step 3 : Choose Shut down.

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xercise

1. Select the best answer:

a) A collection of programs that help to manage, maintain, and control computer
resources is ................................... .

i. Word Processor iii. Operating system

ii. Presentation software iv. Utility software

b) Which is not operating system?

i. Windows 10 iii. Linux Ubuntu

ii. Google Slide iv. Android

c) The initial screen that appears after loading your operating system
is ................................... .

i. Taskbar ii. This PC iii. Desktop iv. Folder

d) Collection of related information is ................................... .

i. Folder ii. File iii. Window iv. Desktop

e) A horizontal bar positioned at the bottom of the desktop is ............................... .

i. Folder ii. Recycle Bin iii. Desktop iv. Taskbar

2. Find out and circle the technical terms from the word grid with the
help of given hints:

P O A A N D R O I D ‘ Horizontal bar
V X F I L E C B T R ‘ Space for erased item
F L Z W N S M Y O C ‘ Container
O U T A S K B A R K ‘ Collection of information
L I A F L T I Q H J ‘ Modern OS interface
D O T I C O N S G S ‘ OS for Smartphone
E P K F H P L R U T ‘ Initial Screen
R E C Y C L E B I N ‘ Small bitmap pictures

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3. Match the following: Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7

Group A Group B
i. doc (a) Image file

ii. xls (b) Document

iii. ppt (c) Database file

iv. mdb (d) Presentation file

v. jpg (e) Spreadsheet

4. Answer the following questions:

a) What is an operating system? Is it a software?
b) What are the jobs of an operating system?
c) Mention the various names of operating system.
d) Mention the differences between GUI and CUI based OS.
e) Differentiate between file and folder.
f) What is the use of Recycle Bin?
g) Write down the steps of shutting down your computer that has Windows 10

operating system.

Lab Activity

a) Display the contents of Drive C:
b) Create a folder named “Nepal” on your Desktop.
c) Create a text file on the Desktop. Type few lines and save the file as

“hello.txt”.
d) Create a new folder on Desktop and named it as “Computer.”
e) Rename the above folder “Computer” as “PC”.
f) Create a sub-folder named “Grade VII” in the folder “PC”.
g) Erase the folder “PC”.

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Lesson Features of Word

6 Processor

Word Processing

Word processing is a term that means using a computer to create, edit,
save, and print documents. Many word processors are now available for use.
Some, of these are MS-Word, Libre Office, Google Docs, etc. This chapter
gives you knowledge about some useful features of MS-Word (Microsoft
Word) and describes how a powerful tool it is for preparing documents.

Microsoft Word Google Docs Libre Office Writer

MS-Word

MS (Microsoft) - Word is a popular
Word Processor developed by Microsoft
Corporation. It was first released in
1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word
for Xenix systems. MS-Word has useful
features and tools introduced to produce
professionally created documents.

Features of MS-word

We can prepare letters, notices, exam questions, project work reports,
books, newsletters, etc.
We can format text, paragraph, and page in different styles.
We can insert pictures, charts, etc.

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We can apply page border and color.
We can format paragraphs with different alignment, line spacing and
paragraph spacing.
We can open, save, and print the document.

How to Open MS-Word

1. On Windows desktop, click on Search Windows icon.
2. Find Windows Search Box.
3. In search box, type word.
4. Click on Word 2016 (or other version) option in the search results.

Click here to run MS-Word

Windows Search Box
Search Window

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Alternative Method to Run MS-Word

1. Press on Windows Key and R at the same time. Run window appears.
2. Type ‘winword’ as shown in the figure alongside.
3. Finally, click on OK button.

MS-Word Window

Home Tab Title Bar Maximize Button Close Button
Minimize Button
File Menu

Ribbon

Font Group

Working Area

Microsoft Word Screen 63

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Some Important Parts of MS-Word Screen

Title Bar : It is at top of the screen. It displays the name of
your document.

File Menu : It is at the top left side of screen. On clicking this
button, you can use several commands such as
New, Open, Save, Print, etc.

Ribbon : It is found just below the title bar. It has several
tabs, such as Home, Insert, etc.

Home Tab : It contains several groups, such as Font,
Paragraph, etc.

Working area : It is the place where you type, edit, and format
your text.

Let’s revise

Type the text below as formatted.

a. Computer is a special machine that can perform several functions. It can be
programmed to give information, perform calculations, research tickets or in
aeroplane or train, design books and magazines, forecast weather, and do
many more things.

Computers have completely changed the way we collect, store, process,
transmit, and display information.

b. (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2
SO +O+H O ---- H SO

2 2 24

Paragraph Formatting

Paragraph formatting is a process of making a paragraph attractive and
more readable. MS-Word provides different paragraph formatting tools,
such as alignment, line spacing, indentation, etc.

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Paragraph Alignment

Alignment means adjusting the text with the edges of the paragraph.
Using this formatting option, we can align a paragraph towards the left,
right, center, or keep it justified (tightly placed on the page).

a) Align Left An input device is a hardware used to send
data to computer. An input device allows
It aligns the selected users to communicate with computer.
paragraph to the left side of the
page. Select the paragraph and Left Alignment
press on Ctrl + L.

b) Align Right An input device is a hardware used to send
data to computer. An input device allows
It aligns the selected users to communicate with computer.
paragraph to the right side of
the page. Select the paragraph Right Alignment
and press on Ctrl + R.

c) Align Center An input device is a hardware used to send
data to computer. An input device allows
It aligns the selected
paragraph between the left users to communicate with computer.
and right margins. Select the
paragraph and press on Ctrl + E. Center Alignment

d) Justify An input device is a hardware used to send
data to a computer. An input device allows
It aligns the selected users to communicate with computer.
paragraph with equal edges on
both sides of the page. Select the Justify
paragraph and press Ctrl + J.

Alternative Method to Align Paragraph

Step 1 : Select the paragraph that you want to align.

Step 2 : On Home tab, in Paragraph group, click on Align Left
, Align Right , Center or Justify .

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Line spacing

Line spacing is the process of
adjusting space between the lines of
same paragraph.

Step 1 : Select the required
Step 2 : paragraph or place
Step 3 : the cursor in the
Step 4 : paragraph.
In Paragraph group,
click the Dialog
Box Launcher , a
paragraph dialog box
appears.
Select Line Spacing
drop-down menu to
set the desired line
spacing option.
Click on OK.

Line Spacing (Single) Line Spacing (Double)

Paragraph Spacing

Paragraph Spacing means providing extra space before or after a
paragraph when you have multiple paragraphs in a document.

Step 1 : Select the required paragraph or place the cursor in the
Step 2 : paragraph.
In the Paragraph group, click on the Dialog Box Launcher

, a paragraph dialog box appears.

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Step 3 : Under Spacing, in the Before and After boxes, click
up or down arrows to adjust the distance before or after each
paragraph.

Step 4 : Click on OK.

Paragraph Indentation

Indentation means to set the distance to separate a paragraph
from the left and right margins.

Paragraph Indentation Options

a) Left : Sets the distance
to separate a
paragraph from the
left margin.

b) Right : Sets the distance
to separate a
paragraph from the
right margin.

c) First Line : Sets the distance
to separate only
the first line of
paragraph from the
left margin.

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d) Hanging : Sets the distance to separate all the lines of paragraph
except the first one.

Follow the steps below to specify the indentation:

Step 1 : Select the required paragraph or place the cursor in the
paragraph.

Step 2 : In Paragraph group, click on Dialog Box
Launcher . A paragraph dialog box appears.

Step 3 : Under Indentation, set the value in the required
indentation type (Left, Right, First line, and Hanging)

Inserting Symbols and Special Characters

There are many signs and symbols that you don't find on your keyboard to
type in your document. MS-Word allows you to insert these symbols and
special characters into your document. Follow the below steps to insert such
symbols and special characters.

Step 1 : Place the cursor at
Step 2 : the position where
you want to insert
a symbol and then
click on Insert tab.
Click on Symbol
drop-down arrow
to open a list of
symbols and select
any symbol from the
list.

Step 3 : Click on More Symbols if symbol you want is not in the list.
Step 4 : Select a symbol from Symbols dialog box.
Step 5 : Click on Insert button and the chosen symbol is inserted in
the document.

Note: There is another tab on symbol dialog box: it is called Special Characters
tab. A list of special characters such as ©, ™ , and so on are available in
this tab.

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Working with Graphics

MS-Word provides the feature to add different graphic elements to your
document. These graphic elements help to grab the reader’s attention, and
make them visually more appealing. These graphic elements can include a
wide variety of objects and effects, including the following:

a) Pictures

This type of graphic object include photographs from cameras, clip art
images, or files created by using a computer graphics program. Pictures are
not created inside MS-Word.

b) Drawing Objects

These objects can be created in MS-Word using different WordArt and
Shapes tools.

You can re-size, move, and format both pictures and drawing objects in MS-
Word.

Inserting Pictures

You can insert digital
photographs or pictures into
a Word document. To insert a
picture, you have to specify the
source of the picture you want
to insert by clicking on one of
these two buttons (Pictures and
Online Pictures), which are located in Illustrations group on Insert tab:

i) Pictures Go to Insert tab and click o Pictures button from
Illustrations group.
Step 1 : Insert Picture dialog box appears.
Go to the target location of image file. (Here, the folder
Step 2 : "Images" of Drive D: is chosen).

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Step 3 : Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7
Step 4 :
Select the target image. (Here, the image file "Nepal
flag" is selected).
Click on Insert button.

ii) Online Pictures

Step 1 : Click on Online Pictures button from Illustrations
group to insert royalty-free images from the different
online sources.

Step 2 : Insert Pictures dialog box appears.

Step 3 : Type any keyword related with your target images
in Bing Image Search text box (here, the keyword
"computer" is typed) and press Enter.

Step 4 : Select the target image or group of images.

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Step 5 : Click on Insert button.

Formatting Pictures

After you insert a picture in a document, you can modify the image by using
commands on the Format tool tab, which is displayed only when an object
is selected.

The Format Tool tab for Pictures 71

Adjust Group

This group contains the commands to do the following tasks:
a) Change the picture’s brightness and contrast
b) Recolor the picture

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c) Apply artistic effects to the picture

Step 1 : Click on the desired graphic object (picture). Format
tool tab for pictures appears.

Step 2 : Click on Format tab.

Step 3 : From Adjust group, try the different tools like
Corrections, Color, Artistic Effects, etc. as you
choosen.

Picture Styles Group

This group contains the commands to do the following tasks:

a) Change shape and orientation
b) Apply borders and picture effects

Change shape and orientation

Step 1 : Select the target graphic object.

Step 2 : From Picture Styles Group in Format Tab, click on More
button to expand the gallery of available picture styles.

Step 3 : Click on any one style of your choice.

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Apply Borders

Step 1 : Select the target
graphic object.

Step 2 : From Picture Style
Group in Format
Tab, Click on Picture
Border drop-down
arrow.

Step 3 : Choose appropriate
Color, Weight, and
Dashes.

Note: In the same way, you can apply
different Picture Effects to the
choosen graphic objects by
following the above steps.

Note:Arrange Group

This group is available in Format tab of Picture Tools that contains the
commands to do the following tasks:

a) Change the position
b) Set the alignment
c) Rotate

This group is shown only when you select a picture

Step 1 : Click on the chosen graphic object (picture). Format tool tab
Step 2 : for pictures appears.
From Arrange group in Format tab, try the different tools
like Rotate, Align, Position, etc. as you choose.

Size Group

This group contains the commands to do the following tasks:

a) Cropping the Picture
b) Resize the Picture

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Cropping the Picture

Cropping is the removal of
unwanted outer areas from a
picture.

Step 1 : Select the
Step 2 : target picture.

From Size
group in
Format tool
tab, click Crop
button to
activate crop handles around the picture.

Step 3 : On the left edge of the picture,
Step 4 : point to the middle crop
handle, and when the pointer
changes to a black T, drag
rightward up to the flower.
Notice that the part of the
picture you have marked to
crop away is shaded.
Click away from the picture
to complete the cropping
process.

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Drawing and Modifying Shapes

MS-Word allows you to add different
shapes, such as lines, boxes, and circles to
your documents. You can also draw more
complex shapes, such as stars, hearts, and
arrows.

Adding a shape

Step 1 : Click on Insert tab.

Step 2 : From Illustrations group,
click on Shapes drop-down
arrow.

Step 3 : Select the target shape .
Step 4 : Click on the shape you
want, click anywhere in the
workspace, and then drag
to place the shape.

Adding Text to a Shape Hello
Friends
Step 1 : Insert the target shape
75
Step 2 : Right-click on the shape
and click Add Text or Edit
Text, or just start typing.

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The text that you add becomes part of the shape. If you rotate or flip the
shape, the text rotates or flips also.

Text Box

Text box is a very important formatting tool available in MS-Word. This
tool is very useful in placing text wherever you want on your document.

Inserting a Text Box

Step 1 : Click on Insert Tab.

Step 2 : From Text Group, click on Text Box drop-down
Step 3 : arrow.
Step 4 :
Select the option Simple Text Microsoft Word
Box.
A text box appears. Type the
desired text inside the text box.

Changing the border color of a text box or a shape

Step 1 : Select the target shape or text box.

Step 2 : On the Drawing Tools of Format Microsoft Word
tab, click on Shape Outline

Step 3 : Select the color of your choice.

Changing the background colour of a text box or a shape

Step 1 : Select the target shape or text box. Microsoft Word
Step 2 : On the Drawing Tools Format
tab, click on Shape Fill

Step 3 : Select the color of your choice.

Page Orientation

Page orientation helps in setting the way in which a Word document may
be printed. The default setting of a page is portrait, which displays the page
in a vertical order. We can change the page orientation by following the

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below steps:

Step 1 : Click on Layout tab.
Step 2 :
Click on Orientation
Step 3 : button from Page
Setup group. A drop-
down list opens.

Click on Landscape
to change the
orientation and
observe the change.
In Landscape, the
page is displayed in a
horizontal order.

Watermark

A watermark is a text or image
that is shown as a faint or dim
imprint behind the text on every page
of a document. Watermarks are used in
important official documents to avoid
unauthorized imitation or copying.
Follow the steps below to apply
watermark to a document.

Step 1 : Click on the Design
Step 2 : tab.
Click on the
Step 3 : Watermark
button from Page
Background group to
open a drop-down list.
Click on any one of
the styles to choose a
watermark.

Note: Click on Remove Watermark option to remove the watermark
from the document.

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Custom Watermark

Custom Watermark option is used
to add a picture or text instead of the
default one as watermark. Follow
the steps below for to apply custom
watermark.

Step 1 : Click on Watermark
button from Design
Step 2 : tab.
Step 3 : Click on Custom
Step 4 : Watermark.
Step 5 : Click on Picture Watermark option in Printed
Step 6 : Watermark dialog box.
Step 7 : Click on Select Picture button to open Insert Picture
dialog box.
Locate and select the picture you want to use as the
watermark.
Click on Insert.
Click on OK.

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Page Color

We can further increase the presentability and appeal of a page by filling
it with a colour of your choice. To fill color in a page, follow the steps given
below:

Step 1 : Click on the Design tab.
Step 2 : Click on Page Color drop-down arrow to open a list of colors.
Step 3 : Click and select a target color for the page. The selected color
is applied to the whole page.

Page Border

A border is an outline given to a page
to make it look more attractive. We can
apply the page border by following the
below steps:

Step 1 : Click on Design tab.
Step 2 : Click on Page Borders
button from Page Background group. The Borders and
Step 3 : Shading dialog box appears.
Choose the style, color and width of the border.
Or

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Click on the Art drop-down list to choose an artistic border.
Click on OK.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

Some examples of word processor are MS-Word, Google Docs, Libre
Office Writer, etc.

Paragraph formatting is a process of making a paragraph attractive and
more readable.

Line spacing is the process of adjusting space between the lines of same
paragraph.

Paragraph spacing means providing extra space before or after a
paragraph.

Alignment means adjusting the text with the edges of the paragraph.

Indentation refers to setting the distance to separate a paragraph from
the left and right margins.

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a picture.

Text Box is useful in placing text wherever you want on your document.

Page orientation helps in setting the way (portrait or landscape) in which
a Word document may be printed.

A watermark is a text or image that is shown as a faint or dim imprint
behind the text of every page of a document.

A page border is an outline given to a page to make it look more attractive.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions:

a) What is word processing? Give some examples of word processor.
b) Write any three features of MS-Word.
c) Draw a MS-Word window and label its different parts.
d) Define paragraph formatting.
e) What is page orientation? Mention its types.

2. Tick (√) the correct option (MCQs):

a) Line spacing is the vertical space between successive .................. of the text.

(i) pages (ii) paragraphs (iii) lines (iv) words

b) There are ............................. types of indents.

(i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 5

c) Page orientation "Portrait" displays the page in ................................ order.

(i) correct (ii) horizontal

(iii) vertical & horizontal (iv) vertical

d) We can use ................................ to place text wherever we want.

(i) special characters (ii) word art

(iii) text wrapper (iv) text box

e) A/an ................................ is an outline given to a page.

(i) orientation (ii) border (iii) shading (iv) design

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3. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) MS-Word provides three types of paragraph alignment.
b) Line and Paragraph spacing option is present on Home tab.
c) 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 are different paragraph spacing options.
d) In landscape orientation setting, the document is printed horizontally.
e) A watermark is shown in front of the text.

4. Match the icons to their names.

Group A Group B

(a) (i) Justify

(b) (ii) Page Border

(c) (iii) Pictures

(d) (iv) Shapes
(e) (v) Page Color
(f) (vi) Watermark
(g) (vii) Text Box

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5. Complete the crossword given below by writing the name of places
where computers are used.

ACROSS Name of the group that contains Shapes tool
1 Element used to grab the reader's attention
3 Adjustment of text with the edges of the paragraph
4 Default setting of a page orientation
6 An outline given to a page
8
Set the distance to separate a paragraph from the left/right margins
DOWN Text or image that is shown as a faint behind the text
1 Used to place the text wherever you want
2 Contains several tabs such as Home, Insert, etc.
5
7

1

2
3

4
5

67

8

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Lab Activity

A) Do the following activity:

Type an essay in about 150 words on "My Country – Nepal" using the following
formatting features:
i) First line indent
ii) Page border and shading
iii) Your name as watermark
iv) 1.5 line spacing
Also, insert a suitable picture into the above document.

B) Write two paragraphs on "Mt. Everest" in MS-Word and do the
following tasks:

i) Keep double line spacing and 12 points after paragraph spacing.
ii) Apply Justify alignment.
iii) Insert a picture of Mt. Everest at the top of the page.
iv) Apply a page border and page colour of your choice.
v) Save this document under your name.

C) Type an essay in about 150 words on "Advantages of Internet" in 3
paragraphs using the following features:

i) Set the paragraph spacing 18 points after each paragraph.
ii) Apply Double line spacing in the middle paragraph.
iii) Set the font size 30 and underline the title of essay.
iv) Highlight the important text with a suitable colour.
v) Insert a suitable picture.
vi) Apply suitable page border and page color.
vii) Set the page orientation in landscape.

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D) Design a “Vacancy Announcement” as shown below:

VACANCY

Spark Online is one of the leading ICT organizations primarily working on ICT
integration in Education. We are currently seeking for a Web Developer to maintain
our official website.

Requirements:
1. Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science
2. Minimum 2 years’ experience in Web development
3. Familiar with PHP, My SQL, Dreamweaver, etc.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Interested candidates are requested to submit your application
along with CV within 10 days at
[email protected]

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Lesson

7 Features of Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a sheet of paper or an electronic document which has a set
of rows and columns that make a grid and allow user to save, calculate, and
manage data in a tabular form. It is also known as worksheet.

Uses of Spreadsheet

to save and sort data in the form of row and column
to calculate
to draw charts and graphs
to analyse and compare the data

Spreadsheet Application

A spreadsheet application is an
interactive computer application that
works with numbers, text, formulae,
functions, and charts. It allows a user to
save, sort, calculate, analysis, compare, Microsoft Excel Libre Office Google Sheet

and manage data. Some popular spreadsheet applications are Microsoft
Excel, Google Sheet, Libre Office – Calc, etc.

Microsoft Excel MS Excel

MS-Excel is one of the most popular and most widely
used spreadsheet applications developed by Microsoft
Corporation. It is used to organise, analyse data, and
plot charts on data in the form of rows and columns.

Features of MS-Excel

Formatting features:
It improves the appearance of the data.

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Auto calculation:
Every time a change is made in a single cell, the data is recalculated.

Data can be entered in series using Autofill option.
Charts:

Data can be viewed in a graphical form as charts, to understand,
analyse, and compare easily.

How to Open MS-Excel

1. On Windows desktop, click on Search Windows icon.
2. Find Windows Search Box.
3. In the search box, type excel.
4. Click on Excel 2016 (or other version) option in the search results.

Click here to run MS-Excel Windows Search Box

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Alternative Method to Run MS-Excel

1. Press on Windows Key and R at the same time. Run window appears.
2. Type ‘excel’ as shown in the figure alongside.
3. Finally, click on OK button.

MS-Excel Window

1

2 4 5
3 7

6

1 File Tab : This tab appears on the upper-left corner.
Clicking on this button displays a menu to
88 create a new file, open file, save a file, etc.

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2 Name Box : This shows the name (reference) of active
3 Active Cell : cell.
4 Formula Bar : A cell that is selected is called the active cell.
It has a dark border around it.
5 Column Heading : This is the place in the worksheet where you
6 Row Heading : enter the formula. It also displays the value
7 Sheet Tab : entered in the excel cell.
It is an alphabetic value. It is a column name.
It is a numeric value. It is a row number.
It is used to add/delete sheet or switch from
one sheet to another.

Commonly Used Terms in Spreadsheet

Workbook : The file that is used in spreadsheet is known
as workbook. Workbooks are made up of
worksheets or spreadsheets.

Worksheet : Worksheet refers to the row and column
matrix sheet. It is used to list, organize and
calculate data.

Rows and Columns : The horizontal lines of cells are called rows.
The vertical lines of cells are called columns.

Cell : Cell is the smallest unit of the spreadsheet.
Intersection of a row and a column is called
a cell. A cell can contain a numeric value, a
formula, or a text. To refer to a cell, enter the
column letter followed by the row number.

For example:

D7 is the intersection of column D and row 7.

Formatting Data

We have already learned in earlier classes about some basic aspects of
MS-Excel. Now we will learn how to change fonts, and format border, and
apply pattern and color to a range of cells.

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Formatting fonts

Follow the steps below to format the fonts in a worksheet:

Step 1 : Select the cell or range of cell.
Step 2 : Click on Home tab.
Step 3 : Use different formatting options available on Font group
such as Bold, Italics, Underline, Change Colour, Font Size,
Border, etc.

Font Font Size

Increase/Decrease
Font Size

Font Colour

Bold/Italic/Underline Border Fill Colour

Using Autofill Feature

Autofill in MS-Excel allows you to enter a predefined series of data (numbers,
dates, names) in a worksheet.

Filling a Sequence of Numbers in a Range

Follow the steps below to generate a number series:

Step 1 : Type the first two numbers of the series in two adjacent cells.
Step 2 : Select both the cells.

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Step 3 : Drag Autofill handle to enclose the cells you want to fill
Step 4 : with the number series.
Release mouse button. The enclosed cells get filled with the
number series of your choice.

Autofill handle

Note: When mouse pointer is placed over the Autofill handle, it changes
shape to a Crosshair.
If you enter only one number instead of two and drag the Autofill
handle, Excel copies the same value.

let's Practice

Type the names of two month and use Autofill option.

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Cell Address

The cell address refers to the name of
column name and the number of row.
Each cell has a unique address. The Cell
address of active cell in this example is
C3. The cell address is also called cell
reference.

Types of Data Entered in Excel

There are four types of data that can be entered in a worksheet.

a) Text Data : Text data consists of alphabets, spaces and
numeric character (0-9). For Example, Urusha
Yadav, D-45, 9841232392, etc. When text is
entered, it is displayed in the cell as well as in the
formula bar.

b) Numeric Data : Numeric data includes numbers only to perform
arithmetic calculation such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

c) Data and Time : It includes data and time only. Use a slash or a
hyphen to separate the parts of a date or time. For
Example, type 12/24/2020 or 24-dec-2020.

d) Formula : A formula is a sequence of values, cell references
and operators used to produce a new value
through calculation. For example, = A1+B1 is a
valid formula which will add up the valued in the
cells A1 and B1.

Performing Calculation in MS-Excel

You can perform different arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of the numbers by using formula or functions in
MS-Excel.

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Entering Simple Formula

Formulas are instructions to perform calculations in the worksheet. A
formula always starts with an "equal to" sign (=). The result of the calculation
is displayed in the cell where the formula is entered. A formula is formed by
cell addresses, operators, numbers, and excel functions.

Note: Both Lowercase and Uppercase letters can be used in formula in
Excel.
You can use Autofill handle to copy the formula to calculate total
of other students.

let's Practice

Create a new worksheet and type the above data.
Calculate Total using the above formula.

Copying the Formula

One interesting features of Excel!

You do not need to type the same formula in every
cell of “Total” Column. You can easily copy the
formula for the remaining calculation.

To do this,
1. Select the cell “H3”.
2. Bring the mouse pointer on the lower right corner of the cell “H3”.
3. You see a bigger plus symbol on that corner of the selected cell.

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4. Click and drag to the cell “H5”, and release the mouse.

Bring your
mouse here

Click and Drag the
mouse to H5

5. You see the calculated total marks in all the cells.

Operators : Symbols that specify the calculations to be performed.

Operator Description Example Result
+ Adds two numbers =7+2 9
- Subtracts second number from the first number =7-2 5
* Multiplies two numbers =7*2 14
/ Divides first number by second number =7/2 3.5
^ Raises a number to a power =7^2 49

Conditional Formatting in MS-Excel

Conditional Formatting is a feature in MS-Excel that sets a cell’s format
according to the conditions that you specify. Using this feature, you can
apply different formatting options based on the values of the cells.

Follow the below steps to apply Conditional Formatting:

Step 1 : Create the worksheet as shown below and select the cells
within the range. Here, it is C2:F6.

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Step 2 : Click on Home tab and then click on Conditional
Step 3 : Formatting from Styles group.
Select the required option from the drop-down list to specify
the condition. For example, Highlight Cell Rules (‘) Less
Than.

Step 4 : Less Than dialog box appears. Type the value to frame the
condition. In this example, type 40 and choose the formatting
style you want. Let’s choose “Red Text”.

Step 5 : Click on OK button. Now, you see the values which are less
than 40 in red color.

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Charts in MS-Excel

Charts are pictorial representations of data. Charts make it easier for a
person to understand the meaning of a large amount of data at a glance.
Charts provide more accurate overview of information. They also help us to
analyse the data as well. Charts are more attractive and appealing than a
simple presentation.

Elements of Charts b) Chart Title e) Chart Area

f) (ii) Value Axis h) Gridlines
d) Plot Area

c) Legend

g) Category Name

g) Category Name

a) Data Series f) (i) Category Axis

a) Data Series : It refers to the set of data values that are plotted
in a chart.
b) Chart Title : It is the heading of a chart. It helps the user to
understand what the chart represents.
c) Legend : It identifies each data series in a chart. Each data
series is assigned a unique pattern or color to
differentiate on one of the sides of the chart.

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d) Plot Area : It is the area containing the chart, axes and
gridlines.

e) Chart Area : It is the entire area containing the chart and all
its elements – Plot area, titles, legend, data table,
etc.

f) Axes : The horizontal and the vertical lines that surround
the plot are called the axes.

(i) Category axis:

It is the horizontal axis of a chart. It is also
known as X-axis.

(ii) Value axis:

It is the vertical axis used to plot the values.
It is also known as Y-axis.

g) Category Name: They are the labels which are displayed on X and
Y axis.

h) Gridlines : These are the horizontal or the vertical lines in the
plot area. These lines make it easier to identify
the value of each data point on the chart.

Types of Charts

Excel provides various types of charts. The following are some of the
common types of charts in Excel that you can create to represent your data
in different ways.

Column Chart 100 Nisha Raju Sital
80
A column chart is used to show 60
changes in data trend over a period 40
of time or comparisons among 20
different items of data. In this type
of chart, values are represented on 0
the vertical axis whereas categories Nirmala Uttara
are represented on the horizontal
axis.

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Bar Chart

A bar chart displays the comparisons Computer 50 100
among individual items as sets Science
of horizontal bars. A bar chart is Math
similar to a column chart except that English
in this type of chart, the values are Nepali
represented on the horizontal axis
whereas categories are represented 0
on the vertical axis.

Pie Chart 2010 55
65
A pie chart is used to plot only
one data series. It is a diagram in 90
the shape of a circle, divided into
triangular sections that represent
percentage of different quantities
that add up to 100%.

Line Chart Chart Title

A line chart uses connecting dots to 2
show trends over a period of time. 1
Each line in the chart shows the
changes in the value of one item.

Creating Charts 0

Charts can be created in the existing worksheet or as an object in a separate
sheet in the current workbook, using information present in rows and
columns of a worksheet.

Follow the steps below to create a chart of your choice:
Step 1: Create a new workbook and type the data in a worksheet as presented below.

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Step 2 : Select the required cells of data.
Step 3 : From the Insert tab, click on the More button of Chart
Group. The Insert Chart dialog box will appear.

Step 4 : Choose the desired chart from the Recommended Charts
Step 5 : or All Charts tab.
Click on OK button. The chart will get inserted on your
current Excel worksheet.

Editing a Chart

You will see a new group appears on the ribbon as Chart Tools when you
click on the chart. This group has two tabs: Design and Format.

Using these tabs, you can easily format your chart in many ways such as
changing chart layout, styles, background colour, title, legend, etc.

Changing the chart type or sub-type

You can change the type or sub-type of the inserted chart. Click on the chart
and follow the below steps to change its type or sub-type.

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Step 1 : Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7
Step 2 :
Click on Design tab.
Step 3 : Click on Change Chart Type button in Type group.
Step 4 : Change Chart Type dialog box appears.
Click and choose a new chart type or sub-type.
Click on OK button. The chart type gets changed.

Change the Chart Layout

You can change the layout of the chart, which refers to the position of various
elements, such as chart title and legend of the chart. Follow the steps below
to change the layout:

Step 1 : Click on Design tab.
Step 2 :
Click on Quick
Step 3 : Layout button in
Chart Layouts
group. A list of
different layout
appears.

Click and choose
the layout that you
want to use. The
chart appears in a
new layout.

Changing the Chart Style

You can change the visual style of your chart. Follow the steps below to
change the chart style:

Step 1 : Click on a chart. Design tab appears. Click on it.
Step 2 : Click More button in Chart Styles group.
Step 3 : You see a gallery of different styles. Click the styles you like
to Apply on your chart.

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