Let's Log In Computer Science Book 7 Revised (2078).indd

Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7

Adding a Chart Title

Follow the steps below to add a chart title:

Step 1 : Click on the chart. Click on Design tab.

Step 2 : Click on Add Chart Element drop-down list of Chart
Layouts group. A list of different chart elements appears.

Step 3 : Click on Chart Title and chose either Above Chart or
Step 4 : Centered Overlay option. Chart Title text box appears.
Type the text in Chart Title text box. After typing the title,
click outside the chart.

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Adding Axis Title

Follow the steps below to add Axis title:

Step 1 : Click on the chart. Click on Design tab.

Step 2 : Click on Add Chart Element drop-down list of Chart
Layouts group. A list of different chart elements appears.

Step 3 : Click on Axis Titles and then click on Primary Horizontal
option. Axis Title text box appears in X-axis on the chart.
Type the text in the Axis Title text box.

Step 4 : Again click on Axis Titles and then click on Primary Vertical
option. Axis Title text box appears in Y-axis on the chart.
Type the text in the Axis Title text box.

Step 5 : After typing the title, click outside Chart.

Y-axis title

102 X-axis title

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Adding Legend

Follow the steps below to add legend:

Step 1 : Click on the chart. Click on Design tab.

Step 2 : Click on Add Chart Element drop-down list of Chart
Layouts group. A list of different chart elements appears.

Step 3 : Click on Legend and then click select the suitable location
where you want to place legend. Select None option if you do
not want to display the legend.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

A spreadsheet is a program that makes rows and columns and deals with
numbers.

Some popular spreadsheet applications are Microsoft Excel, Google
Sheet, Libre Office – Calc, etc.

MS-Excel is one of the most popular and most widely used spreadsheet
applications developed by Microsoft Corporation.

The file that is used in spreadsheet is known as workbook.
Worksheet refers to the row and column matrix sheet.
The horizontal lines of cells are called rows. The vertical lines of cells are

called columns.
Cell is the smallest unit of the spreadsheet. Intersection of a row and a

column is called a cell.
Autofill in MS-Excel allows you to enter a predefined series of data.
Formulas are instructions to perform calculations in the worksheet. A

formula always starts with an equal sign (=).
Both Lowercase and Uppercase letters can be used in formula in Excel.
Operators are the symbols used to specify the calculations to be

performed.
Conditional Formatting is a feature in MS-Excel that sets a cell’s format

according to the conditions that you specify.
Charts are pictorial representations of data.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions:

a) What is spreadsheet application? Give an example.
b) Define worksheet and workbook.

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c) Write any three features of MS-Excel.
d) Define Chart. Explain any two types of chart in MS-Excel.
e) Draw a MS-Excel window and label its different parts.

2. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Rows are identified by numbers.
b) Formula must start with ‘=’ symbol.
c) Collection of workbooks is a worksheet.
d) Google Slide is an example of spreadsheet application.
e) Excel is developed by Apple.
f) Font group is available in Insert tab.
g) There are four types of data we can use in Excel.

3. Write the technical terms for the following statements:

a) Intersection of a row and a column.
b) Vertical lines of cells.
c) The place in the worksheet where you enter the formula.
d) A cell that is selected.
e) Pictorial representations of data

4. Search at least seven terms related with MS-Excel and circle them.

WO R K S H E E T

O FWC H A R T O

R OWV C E L L P

KRDROYOPE

BMC O L K HMR

O UWR U A F N A

O L S DMS C B T

K A A E N DWG O

AUTOF I L L R

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5. Match the following: Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7

Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
a) Column Heading i) Numeric value
b) Sheet Tab ii) Show the address of active cell
c) Active Cell iii) Alphabetic value
d) Name Box iv) Add/delete/switch sheet
e) Row Heading v) Selected cell

Lab Activity

1. You are planning your
birthday party. Your
teacher has asked you to
make an estimate of the
expenditure.

(a) Now to get total cost in
Cell D2, Enter the formula
= B2*C2. Similarly,
calculate the total cost for
each item.

(b) In cell D7, calculate as the grand total of all the item.

2. Make an MS-Excel spreadsheet of five students with name, subject,
marks, and total marks.

For example:

Name Nepali English Maths Science Computer Total Marks
Anita 60 72 90 78 89

Calculate total marks of all the students. Use autofill handle to copy the formula
of Total Marks.

Format the data using different font options. Apply different border, width, and
color.

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Calculate percentage in new column after Total Marks.
Create a column chart by selecting all the data of 5 students except Total Marks
column. Add chart title, legend, and category axis.
Apply conditional formatting on the marks which are less than 40 with red font

3. Open MS-Excel and type the given contents in worksheet.

Year Salesman A Salesman B Salesman C Salesman D

2016 450000 100000 20000000 350000

2017 800000 200000 15000000 550000

2018 1050000 400000 18000000 900000

2019 600000 300000 21000000 750000

2020 900000 700000 12000000 120000

a) Save the worksheet as “Sales_Details”.

b) Create a Column chart.

c) Add suitable chart title and change its font, color and size.

d) Format the legend by changing the text color, border style, and color of it.

e) Add category axis.

f) Change the chart type and set it to “Line Chart.” Save the worksheet.

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Lesson Features of

8 Presentation Software

Presentation

Presentation is the way of showing and
explaining the content or information to
the audience or learner. It is typically a
demonstration, introduction, lecture, or
speech meant to inform, inspire, motivate,
or present a new idea or product.

Effective Presentation Techniques

Use visual aids Presentation

Keep it short and sweet

Rehearse

Speak clearly and loud enough for your audience to hear you

Presentation Application

A presentation application is a software package used to display information
in the form of a slide show. The presentation tells a story or supports speech
or the presentation of information. Some popular presentation applications
are Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, Prezi, Libre Office Impress, Apple
Keynote, etc.

Google Slides Prezi MS-PowerPoint Apple Keynote Libre Office Impress

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MS-PowerPoint

You have already learnt that Microsoft Office software
package includes many programs. MS-PowerPoint is one
application of MS-Office family to help us to display
information in an organised and systematic way. It is
an interactive way to create multimedia presentation.
While creating a presentation in MS-PowerPoint, you can
create, view and present slide shows that combine text,
shapes, pictures, graphics, graphs, animation, charts,
audio, and video.

Features of MS-PowerPoint

We can create attractive slides for impressive presentation.
We can add text, graphics, charts, audio, and video on the slides.
It allows us to animate different elements of slides.
It allows us to add tables in slides.
It has same text and paragraph formatting features of MS-Word.
We can save, open, and print the presentation slides.

How to Open MS-PowerPoint

First Method Click here to run
MS-PowerPoint
On Windows desktop, click on
Search Windows icon.

1. Find Windows Search
Box.

2. In the search box,
type powerpoint.

Click on the powerpoint
2016 (or other version)
option in the search results.

Second Method of Windows
Search Box
1. Click on Start button.
2. Scroll down the list

installed apps.

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Click here to run PowerPoint

Start Button

3. Click on PowerPoint 2016 (or other version of MS-PowerPoint)

Alternative Method to Run MS-Word

1. Press on Windows Key and R at the same time. Run window appears.
2. Type ‘powerpnt’ as shown in the figure alongside.
3. Finally, click on OK button.

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MS-PowerPoint Window

23

1

46 5

7

1 File Tab : MS- PowerPoint window

2 Quick Access : This tab appears on the upper-left corner. Clicking
on this button displays a menu to create a new
3 Title bar : file, open file, save a file, etc.
This toolbar appears above File Tab. It Toolbar
4 Slides tab : contains buttons for the most commonly used
commands, such as Save, Undo and Redo.
5 Slides pane : It is displayed at the top of the PowerPoint
6 Placeholder : windows. It displays the name of the presentation
currently open. To the right side of the title
bar, there are buttons – Minimize, Maximize/
Restore, and Close.
It displays the thumbnails (very small images) of
all the slides. You can click on the thumbnail to
view the slide in the Slides pane.
A slide is displayed in the slide pane at the center
of the PowerPoint window.
It is dotted rectangular box on a slide that holds

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text, images, etc.
7 Slide Show : It is used to display the slides in full screen.

Creating a Presentation

Follow the steps below to create a new presentation:

Step 1 : Run MS-PowerPoint. The MS-PowerPoint screen appears.

Step 2 : Click on Blank Presentation or you can choose any other
built-in themes, also.

Working with Images in PowerPoint

Adding clip art and pictures to your presentation can be a great way to
illustrate important information or add decorative accents to
existing text. You can insert images from your computer or
search from Internet. Once an image has been inserted, you
can resize and move it to the location you want.

Inserting Pictures

Follow the steps below to insert a picture into your slide:

Step 1 : Click on Insert tab.

Step 2 : In Images group, click on Pictures button. Insert Picture
dialog box appears.

Step 3 : Locate and select the target image file, then click on Insert.

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Step 4 : The selected picture is added to the slide.

Cropping an Image

Cropping means removing unwanted areas from an image. Follow the steps
below to crop an image:

Step 1 : Insert an image or screenshot in your slide.
Step 2 : Select the image to be cropped.
Step 3 : Format tab appears.
Step 4 : Click on Format tab.
Click on Crop button from
Step 5 : Size group. The black cropping
Step 6 : handles appear.
Click and drag a handle to
crop the image.
To deselect the crop tool, click
anywhere outside the image.

Adding Border to a Picture

Follow the steps below to add a border to a
picture:

Step 1 : Select Picture.
Step 2 : Select Format tab.
Step 3 : Click on Picture Border
button. A drop-down menu
Step 4 : appears.
Select the target color,
weight, and dashes.

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Working with Slide Background

In PowerPoint, we can add various things to the background of slide.

Adding a Coloured Background

Follow the steps below to add a colored background to a selected slide:

Step 1 : Select Slide you want to
Step 2 : change the background.
Step 3 :
Click on Design tab.
Step 4 :
Step 5 : In Customize group, click
on Format Background
button. The Format
Background pane
appears.

In Fill option, select Solid
Fill option.

Choose the target Color
and Transparency value.

Working with Tables in PowerPoint

PowerPoint provides an additional feature
to display data in a tabular format. It
helps us to organise and present the data
efficiently. We can add rows and columns
in a table and apply various formatting
effects. A table is a grid of cells arranged
in rows and columns.

Inserting a Table

Follow the steps below to insert a table into your slide:

Step 1 : Click on the New Slide drop-down arrow on the Home tab.
Step 2 : Select the Title and Content. The new slide layout appears.

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Step 3 : Click on Insert Table
Step 4 : icon present on the slide.
Step 5 : The Insert Table dialog
box appears.

Specify the required Insert Table
number of columns and
rows.

Click on OK. A table displays according to the specified
number.

Inserting Text in a Table

After inserting a table, you can enter text in it. Follow the steps below to
enter text in a table:

Step 1 : Place the mouse pointer
in the first cell of the table
Step 2 : and type the required text.
Step 3 : Press on Tab key to take the insertion point to the next cell.
Type the required text.

Note: You can also enter text in a table using the Tab key or Arrow keys or with
mouse. After entering text, click anywhere outside the table.

Table Tools

When we insert a table in PowerPoint, a new floating menu Table Tools
appears on the ribbon. It has two tabs: Design and Layout. You can do
various table formatting tasks, such as Shading, Borders, Effects, Merge
Cells, Split Cells, Quick Styles, etc. These tools are used while formatting a
table in the slide.

Table Tools (Design Tab) 115

Table Tools (Layout Tab)

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Formatting a Table

When we insert a table, PowerPoint automatically applies a table style to
the table. We can view various styles in Table Styles group on the Design
tab under Table Tools tab.

Applying Table Style

Follow the steps below to apply a table style:

Step 1 : Select the table.
Step 2 : Click on Design tab to access all Table Styles and other
options of this tab.
Step 3 : Hover the cursor over any table style to see its live preview
on the slide.
Step 4 : To view all the options, click on More drop-down arrow of
Table Styles group.
Step 5 : Click on the target style to select it.

Changing Table Shading

Follow the steps below to change the table shading:

Step 1 : Select the table.

Step 2 : Click on Design tab.

Step 3 : Select the rows or columns that you want to modify.

Step 4 : Click on Shading option in Table Styles group.

Step 5 : Select any color of your choice. The color applies on the
selected rows or columns.

Applying a Border

Border helps to improve the appearance of a table. Follow the steps below to
apply border to a table.

Step 1 : Select the cells, rows, or columns that you want to modify.
Step 2 : Click on Borders button in Table Styles group on Design
tab.
Step 3 : Select All Borders option from the drop-down grid. Border
applies on the selected cells, rows, or columns.

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Changing Border Color

The Pen Color pointer tool is used to change the cells, rows, or columns
border color. Follow the steps below to change border color of a table.

Step 1 : Select the table.
Step 2 : Click on Pen Color button in Draw Borders group on
Design tab. A color palette appears.
Step 3 : Choose the required colour. The mouse pointer changes to a
pencil shape.
Step 4 : Click on left mouse button on the border whose color you
wish to change.

Changing Border Style

The Pen Style tool is used to change the line style of a table. Follow the steps
below to change border style of a table.

Step 1 : Select the table.
Step 2 : Click on Pen Style list box in Draw Borders group on
Design tab.
Step 3 : Select the required style. The mouse pointer changes to a
pencil shape.
Step 4 : Place the mouse pointer on any border of the table and click
on it. Observe the change in the line style.

Animating Text and Objects

An animation effect is a special visual or sound effect added to a text or an
object on a slide or chart. Microsoft PowerPoint provides various tools and
features to enhance the appearance of a presentation. These special effects
assist you in making your presentation attractive, effective, engaging, and
professional.

PowerPoint Animations

Animations are visual effects given to individual objects on a slide or to
the whole file. It also controls the order of flow of information and helps
in increasing interest of the audience. You can animate the text, pictures,

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shapes, tables, and other objects in a presentation by applying sound effects,
and visual effects including movements.

Animation Tab

Applying Animation to an Object

Follow the steps below to apply animation to an object:

Step 1 : Select an object.

Step 2 : Click on Animation tab.

Step 3 : From Animation group,
click on More drop-
down arrow to view the
available animation
effect options.

Step 4 : Select the target
animation effect.

Step 5 : The object now has a
small number to show
that it has an animation.
Also in Animation pane,
the object is added to list
of animated object.

Categories of Custom Animation

Entrance

These effects decide the manner in which
an object enters into a slide during the slide
show. Some of these effects are Appear, Fade, Wheel, Fly In, Bounce, Zoom,
etc.

Emphasis

These effects make an object shrink or grow
in size, change color, or spin on its center.
Some of these effects are Pulse, Spin, Darker, Underline, Wave, etc.

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Exit

These effects control the manner in which
the object exits during the slide show.
Some of these effects are Disappear, Fly
Out, Float Out, Split, etc.

Motion Paths

These effects enable objects to move from
one position to another on a slide and on
the specified path during slide show. Some
of these effects are Lines, Arcs, Turns,
Shapes, Loops, etc.

Follow the steps below to view more animation
effects of each type:

Step 1 : Select an Object.

Step 2 : Click on Add Animation
button from Advanced
Animation group of
Animation tab.

Step 3 : Place the pointer on
any animation effect to
preview its result on the
slide.

Step 4 : Click on the chosen
animation effect from the
displayed options.

Inserting Sound Clips

Music or sound effects can add a completely new dimension to
any presentation. You can add sound in the form of music or
special effects to give importance to certain points. Sound files
can be added from the files stored on your computer. You can
even record your own sound or can also add music from a CD.

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Adding Sound from a File

Follow the steps below to add sound from a file:

Step 1 : From Media group in Insert tab, click on Audio drop-down
arrow, and select Audio on My PC.

Step 2 : Locate and select the target audio file, and then click on Insert.
Step 3 : The audio file is added to the slide.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

Presentation contains many pages. These pages are called slides.

Some popular presentation applications are Microsoft PowerPoint,
Google Slides, Prezi, Libre Office Impress, Apple Keynote, etc.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular presentation application developed by
Microsoft Corporation. It is a part of the MS-Office package.

Cropping means removing unwanted areas from an image.

PowerPoint provides an additional feature to display data in a tabular
format.

An animation effect is a special visual or sound effect added to a text or
an object on a slide or chart.

Categories of custom animation are Entrance, Emphasis, Exit and Motion
Paths.

Music or sound effects can add a completely new dimension to any
presentation.

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xercise

1. Answer the following questions:

a) Define the term "Presentation."
b) Write down any three features of MS-PowerPoint.
c) Define animation. Mention the different types of custom animation effects.
d) Write down some effective presentation techniques.
e) Explain any three components of MS-PowerPoint window.
f) How can we change the background color of a slide?

2. Match the following: Group B

Group A

(a) (i) Add Animation

(b) (ii) Fill & Line

(c) (iii) Crop

(d) (iv) Pictures

(e) (v) Fly Out

(f) (vi) Fly In

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3. Tick (√) the correct option:

a) A presentation contains many pages that are called ………………

(i) views (ii) shows (iii) slides (iv) sheets

b) This tab is used to insert a new slide in the presentation.

(i) Insert (ii) Home (iii) Design (iv) Slide Show

c) From this group, you can crop images in PowerPoint.

(i) Adjust (ii) Arrange (iii) Edit (iv) Size

d) ……………… effects make an object shrink or grow in size.

(i) Entrance (ii) Exit (iii) Emphasis (iv) Motion Paths

e) This tab is used to give a coloured background to the slide.

(i) Design (ii) Home (iii) Insert (iv) Format

3. Complete the crossword given below:

12

3

4

56

78

ACROSS Effect to make an object shrink or grow in size
1 Name of the tab which contains Table Styles group
3 Name of the tab used to apply picture border
4

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5 a presentation application
7 The way of showing and explaining the content or information
DOWN
2 Visual effects including movements of an object
6 Remove unwanted areas from an image
8 Grid of cells arranged in rows and columns

Lab Activity

Task 1#

Make a PowerPoint presentation on 10 famous inventors. The presentation must include
at least 10 slides. Insert at least one picture on each slide. Apply some Entrance and Exit
animation effects. Save the presentation on your computer.

Task 2#

Make a PowerPoint presentation on Population of Nepal. The presentation must include
at least 5 slides. Insert at least one table to explain the data of population. Save the
presentation on your computer.

Task 3#

Create a PowerPoint slide on the topic “My Favourite Foods” explaining about the foods.
Put different background color to each slide.

Task 4#

Choose any topic from Social Studies and prepare a PowerPoint presentation (at least
10) explaining the topic. Insert at least one audio clip in your presentation. Save the
presentation inside your folder of your computer.

Task 5#

Collect the information about your school. You can also visit your school’s website and
prepare a PowerPoint Presentation on a topic "My School." Include a table, audio clip, and
some pictures in your presentation. Apply some suitable animation effects also. Save the
presentation on your computer.

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Lesson ICT Tools and

9 Cyber Ethics

Introduction

ICT stands for "Information and Communication Technology.” It covers
all forms of computer and communications equipment, and software used
to create, design, store, transmit, interpret, and manipulate information
in its various formats. Personal computers, laptops, tablets, multimedia
projector, scanner, digital camera, interactive whiteboard, e-books, mobile
phones, satellite phones, transport systems, radio, televisions, and network
technologies are just some examples of ICT tools.
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through
telecommunications. It is a technology that is used to collect store and
process data into information and communication the information all over
the world through computer. It includes of all terms used to handle data,
and information, and help communication. It uses electronic equipment’s
especially computers for storing, retrieving or manipulating and exchanging
information. Modern information and communication technologies have
created a "global village," in which people can communicate with others
across the world as if they were living next place.

ICT Tools and its Uses

ICT tools improved a learner’s access to information and knowledge in formal
and non - formal learning situations. There are many ICT tools used for
retrieving, presenting, communicating, and broadcasting the information
all over the world. Application software and peripheral devices of computer
are ICT tools for exchanging information. This includes projector, digital
camera, scanner, internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computer and
network hardware, communication software, satellite systems, chat, radio,
television, search engine, and other communication media. Among these
tools, some of them are explained below:

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Scanner
Multimedia Projector
Digital Camera
A multimedia projector processes a specific video Interactive Whiteboard
signal and projects a corresponding image on a
large screen using a lens system. It is an output
device that displays output on a big screen.
Multimedia projector is used to present the
information to many people at a time. Therefore,
it is useful for classroom presentation.

Scanner

An image scanner is like a photocopy machine.
Instead of copying an image onto paper, it
transfers the image directly into computer. It
is an input device. Scanner works as ICT tool
to convert pictures or text in digital forms for
editing.

Digital Camera

A digital camera records and stores pictures
or videos, and transfers them into computer in
digital form. These stored images or videos can
be uploaded to a computer immediately or used
for preparing multimedia document.

Interactive Whiteboard

Interactive whiteboards use images projected
on to a live white board. It is a large touch
sensitive board connected to a computer
and digital projector for teaching in the
classroom. It is used in a variety of settings,
including classrooms at all levels of education,
in corporate board rooms and work groups, in
training rooms for professional sports coaching,
in broadcasting studios, and others.

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E-books

An eBook is an electronic version of a traditional print
book that can be read by using a personal computer or
by using an eBook reader. It is a book in digital form,
consisting of text, images, or both.

Cell phone E-book

A wireless handheld device that allows users to make
and receive calls, and to send text messages among other
features. It connects to a wireless communications network.
Most mobile phones provide voice communications, Short
Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Message Service
(MMS), and Internet Services, such as Web browsing and
e-mail.

Cell phone

Satellite phones

Satellite phones are mobile devices that do not receive their Satellite phones
signal via land based towers. It has the ability to connect to
orbiting satellites. It can connect from anywhere as they are
directly connected to satellites around the world. Similar to
terrestrial (land based) mobile phones, satellite phones can
connect to voice and short messaging service as well as low
bandwidth Internet access. It is designed to work outdoors in
many places where we are not able to use a cell phone

Communications software

Different types of communication software are used as ICT tools for
presentation, editing, creating, and storing multimedia documents. Some
of them are:

PowerPoint is a presentation software that is part of Microsoft Office
package. The software allows users to create anything from basic slide
shows to complex presentations.

The presentations are comprised of slides, which may contain text, images,
and other media, such as audio clips and movies.

Prezi is an online, flash-based presentation creator. It shares similar
functionary with other presentation programs like Microsoft power point.

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Windows Media Player, Real Player, Video Converter, DVD Player, etc. are
valuable multimedia ICT tools for playing video and audio files.
Adobe Photoshop, 3D Maya software, Movie Maker, Adobe Page Maker,
CorelDraw are valuable graphics ICT tools to create and manipulate images
and videos.

Cyber Ethics

Cyber ethics is a code of behaviour for using
Internet. It is acceptable behaviour on Internet
which is very much the same as acceptable
behaviour in everyday life. For instance, at an
early age, children learn what it means to be
honest, and to respect the rights and property of Cyber Ethics

others. They are taught not to take what does not belong to them, and to be
considerate of others. The same basic rules apply in the use of Internet.

The objective of cyber ethics is to ESTABLISHING A CULTURE OF
PROPER USE of Internet and Computer.

Do's and Don’ts of cyber ethics

DO DON'T

use Internet to help you do your schoolwork. copy information from Internet and call it
your own.

use Internet to learn about music, video and use Internet to download or share

games. copyrighted material

use Internet to communicate with friends use Internet to communicate with strangers
and family

pretend to be someone else

be rude or use bad language

give anyone's personal information or
passwords

POINTS TO REMEMBER

ICT covers all forms of computer, communication equipments, and software.

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Application software and peripheral devices of the computer are ICT tools.

Multimedia Projector is an output device that displays output on a big screen.

Scanner transfers the image directly into computer.

A digital camera records and stores pictures or videos and transfers them into
computer.

Interactive Whiteboard is a large touch sensitive board connected to a
computer and digital projector.

E-book is an electronic version of a printed book which can be read on a
computer or a specifically designed handheld device.

Satellite phone is a type of mobile phone that connects to other phones or the
telephone network through satellites.

Cyber ethics is a code of behaviour for using the Internet.

Exercise

1. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technologies.

b. Scanner is an output device that displays output on a big screen.
c. A digital camera records and stores pictures or videosand transfers

them into the computer.

d. E-book is an electronic version of a printed book.
e. Satellite phone is a type of mobile phone that connects to other

phones through satellites.

f. Adobe Photoshop is a presentation software.

g. Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles.

2. Fill in the blanks:

a. ........................ and ........................ of the computer are ICT tools for exchanging
information.

b. ........................ a large touch sensitive board connected to a computer and
digital projector.

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c. Computer ethic is also known as ........................
d. Do not use a computer to ........................ other people.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What is Information and Communication Technology?
b. List some ICT tools that are used for information processing.
c. Define multimedia projector.
d. What is an e-Book?
e. Define computer ethics?

4. Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

1
2

3

4

ACROSS An electric version of a printed book
3 A presentation software program
4

DOWN An output device that displays output on a big screen
1 Like a photocopy machine
2

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Lesson Computer Virus and

10 its Remedy

Introduction

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread
from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation. A
virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, and use your e-mail
program to spread itself to other computers.

Many viruses are programmed to harm once they infect the victim’s system.
As you will understand later, a virus can be designed to do various kinds of
damage. But the ability to damage is not what defines a virus.

To qualify as a virus, a program must be able to replicate (make copies of)
itself. This means copying itself to different places on the same compute
or looking for ways to reach other computers, such as by infecting disks
or traveling across networks. Viruses can be programmed to replicate and
travel in many ways.

Symptoms of Computer Viruses

Day by day new viruses are developed to have Computer Virus
different effects and symptoms. Different viruses show
different symptoms in computer. Some viruses produce
unnecessary messages on the screen, while others hide
files. Some viruses corrupt files and programs, and reduce
memory size. Some symptoms of computer viruses are
given below:

Corrupt data, information, or program files.

The computer works slower than usual.

Programs run automatically without any instructions.

Viruses change the size of files.

Viruse frequently display unusual error messages or images on the
screen.

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New programs are installed incorrectly.
Sometime computer may not boot and hang quickly.

Spread of Computer Viruses

Computer viruses can spread through many different sources. Computer
viruses can transfer themselves from one computer to other computers on
the network or internet without the knowledge of users. Viruses spread
from one computer to other computers in the following ways:

Viruses spread by sharing infected pen drive, CD/DVD, hard disk, etc.
among computers.

Viruses spread by downloading files or programs from unsecured web
sites.

Viruses spread by the use of infected data or programs residing in the
disk while copying them from one system to another.

Viruses spread by the use of pirated software
Viruses spread by exchange of infected data or files over a network.
Viruses spread by opening virus infected e-mail or attached files

without scanning.

Protection from Computer Viruses

We know that viruses are harmful programs that affect our computer system.
Virus can damage or corrupt our important files and programs, slow down
the system. So, protection and prevention of our computer from viruses is
necessary. There are a number ways to ensure the security and prevent an
infection of your system from computer viruses. They are:

Install and use antivirus software.
Update the anti-virus software frequently in order to get the latest

virus definition.
Lock the computer system-using password to prevent computer from

being used by others.
Do not open attachments files from unknown emails.
Download software only from reliable and well-known websites.
Always use genuine software. Do not use any pirated software.
Scan external storage media before using them.

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Remedy of Computer Viruses

To make computer system free from viruses, antivirus software is developed.
Antivirus software is a type of program designed to detect and remove
viruses from computer system. Antivirus software is program that prevents
and cleans up computer viruses, which may attempt to infect your computer
system. It scans downloaded files as well as your entire computer system
in order to detect the presence of an infection. Antivirus can be a memory
resident. Keeps monitoring the computer system and informs a user about
the virus if found. There are many antivirus programs. Some of the popular
antivirus programs are:

Bitdefender Antivirus Plus 2020 Anti-Virus Software
Norton AntiVirus Plus
Webroot SecureAnywhere AntiVirus
ESET NOD32 Antivirus
F-Secure Antivirus SAFE
Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Trend Micro Antivirus+ Security
Panda Dome Essential

POINTS TO REMEMBER

Computer virus is a human-made harmful program that harms data,
information, programs and interrupts the normal operation of a computer.

Day by day ,new viruses developed to have different effects and symptoms.
Computer viruses can spread through many different sources.
Viruses change the size of files.
Viruses spread by sharing infected pen drive, CD/DVD, and hard disk.
Viruses spread by the use of pirated software.
Antivirus software is used to make computer system free from viruses.
Antivirus software is a type of program designed to detect and remove viruses

from computer system.

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xercise

1. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a. Computer viruses are destructive in nature.
b. Viruses slow down our computer system.
c. Viruses are easily see in a computer system.
d. Internet is also source of computer viruses.
e. Viruses mostly spread through infected disks.
f. Viruses do not change the size of file and memory.
g. Antivirus detects and removes viruses from computer system.

2. Fill in the blanks

a. ………………. is a harmful computer program.
b. Virus has capability to ……….. itself by making copies of itself.
c. Viruses spread by downloading files from unsecured ……………..
d. Antivirus software is program that …………. and …………. computer viruses.

3. Answer the following questions

a. Define computer virus.
b. Write any two effects of computer virus.
c. Write few symptoms of computer virus.
d. How does virus spread from one computer to other computers?
e. Write some preventive ways to protect computer system from viruses.
f. What is antivirus software? Give any four examples of antivirus program.

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Lesson Introduction to

11 Computer Network

Introduction

Computer network refers two or more than two computers and devices
connected to each other through wire or wireless media to share data or
information. In other word, the interconnection of many computers to share
information is called computer network. The purpose of computer network
is to communicate among users and allow them to share the information,
data and resources as well.

Computer Network

Advantages of Computer Network

Sharing resources, data, software, and hardware.
Faster and cheaper communication and data transmission.
Tools for e-mail, teleconferencing, and video conferencing.

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Disadvantages of Computer Network

High installation and administrative cost.
Computer virus spread most easily through network.
Well trained technical support is required.

Purpose of Computer Network

Computer Network is used for several purposes. Some of them are listed
below:

Communication

Using a network, we can communicate efficiently and easily through email,
instant messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video
conferencing. We can exchange information and data quickly.

Sharing hardware resources

In a networked environment, the users are enabled to share various
expensive devices. Each computer on a network may access and use
hardware resources like printers and scanners attached to a network. This
reduces the expenditure as many users can share same.

Sharing files, data, and information

In a networked environment, the users may access data and information
stored in other computers on the network. This is only possible if their
users have been authorized to access the data. For example, plane tickets
are issued by the airline employees all over the country by accessing the
centralized database. This avoids duplication of data and also keeps the
data secure.

Sharing software

We can share the software and can run the programs on the network. We
can also install the software from the other machines on the network.

Network Hardware

Network hardware is the individual component of a network system that is
responsible for transmitting data and facilitating the operations.

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

A Network Interface Card (NIC), typically an Network Interface Card (NIC)
expansion card in computer, is used to connect to
the physical network media. Some motherboards
and most portable computers are equipped with a
built-in (on-board) NIC.

Transmission Medium

A transmission medium is usually a wire or cable, although wireless
communication between networked computers and peripherals is also
possible.

Network Connecting Devices Router

Network devices like Bridges, Routers, Hubs,
and Switches are also required for performing the
function of joining smaller network to create a larger
network.

Network Operating System

Network Operating System
software, such as Windows Server
2019, Novell Netware, UNIX,
Linux, etc. are required to manage
and monitor the entire networks.

Network Operating System

Classification of Networks

Computer networks are classified into the following different categories:
a) Area Covered by the Network
b) Network Architecture
c) Network Topology

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Classification Based on the Area Covered by the Network

Based on the area covered by any network, they are further classified into
Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide
Area Network (WAN).

Local Area Network (LAN)

The way of connecting two or more computers in a very limited area or
within a same building is called LAN. It is very high speed communication
through wire connection. Small organizations prefer LAN. In your school’s
computer lab is a perfect example of LAN.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

The way of connecting computers inside a metropolitan area or valley is
called MAN. The area may be a part of city, whole city, district, zone, or
country.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 137

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

The connection of computers of networks covering the world with the help
of satellite communication is called WAN. Different types of LAN and MAN
are connected to form a WAN. It covers more area but it is slower than LAN
and MAN. Internet is an example of WAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Classification Based on the Architecture of the Network

Network architecture could be defined as the structure and organization of
the computer's hardware and software. Based on the architecture involved
in creating a network, it is divided into two main categories:

Client/Server Networks

Client/Server model is the most efficient network. In this network, there
is a centralized powerful computer known as server and all the other
computers or nodes or workstations connected to this server are known as
clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests the server's
content. Therefore, the server controls this type of network. This type of
network is very expensive to setup.

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Peer-to-Peer Networks

In peer-to-peer networking, there are no dedicated servers or hierarchy
among the computers. All of the computers are equal. Therefore, they are
known as peers. This architecture is better for smaller networks and is
inexpensive to setup and maintain.

Peer-to-Peer Networks

Classification Based on the Topology of the Network

Topology means the arrangement of computers in a network. It is the
interconnected pattern of network elements. A LAN topology is cabling
structure or pattern of computer in local area. The main three types of
topology are:

Bus Topology

In bus topology, a single cable also known as backbone or bus carries all
the data. All the computers and other peripherals are connected to this
backbone cable.

Bus Topology 139

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Ring Topology

A ring topology is a network topology or circuit arrangement in which each
network device is attached along the same single path to other devices,
forming a path in the shape of a ring.

Ring Topology

Star Topology

All the computers in the star topologies are connected to central devices like
hub/switch. Data on a star network passes through the central device (hub
or switch) that manages and controls all functions of the network.

Desktop PC Printer

Laptop

Switch Desktop PC

Printer

Desktop PC Laptop

Desktop PC

Star Topology

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Transmission Medium

Transmission media refer to the way data is transferred from one node to
other nodes on a network. The computers or nodes or devices can be linked
to each other on a network through cables and satellites. The cables can
be of three types – twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic
cables. For longer distances, cabling is not possible; therefore, satellites are
used to transmit data trough radio waves and microwaves.

Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

Fiber Optic Cable Satellite

Repeater Station 141

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

The interconnection of many computers to share information is called
computer network.

Advantages of computer network are communication and enable sharing
of hardware resources, files, data, information, and software.

Network includes networking interface card, connection medium,
network devices like bridges, switches, router, etc., and network operating
system software.

On the basis of size, physical, and geographical division, computer
network can be categorized into three types.

A router is a device used to connect different LAN in the network.
The way of connecting two or more computers in a very limited area or

within a same building is called LAN.
The way of connecting computers inside a metropolitan area or valley is

called MAN.
The connection of computers of networks covering the world by the help

of satellite communication is called WAN.
Based on the architecture involved for creating a network, it is divided

into Client/Server network and Peer-to-Peer network.
Topology means the arrangement of computers in a network.
Cables used for networking are twisted pair cable or coaxial cable or fiber

optic cable.

Exercise

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1. Write short answer to the following question.

a) What is computer network? How is it useful?
b) List advantages of Computer Network.
c) What is network topology?
d) Differentiate between LAN and WAN.

2. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Computer networks share information.
b) Communication and sharing of resources are the major advantage

of networking.

c) A network among metropolitan cities of a country is called MAN.

d) NOS are the software used in network.
e) The connection of computers of networks covering the world

by the help of satellite communication is called WAN.

f) Internet is an example of WAN.

3. Write the full form of:

i) LAN
ii) MAN
iii) WAN
iv) NOS

4. Give appropriate technical terms of the followings:

a) Connection of two or more computers to share information.
b) A network limited with a room or building.
c) Cabling structure of LAN.
d) A device with multiple ports.
e) Operating system that can be handled networks.

5. Choose the correct answer:

a. A hub is connected in…….. topology.

i) Ring ii) Star

iii) Bus iv) Mouse

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b. A ...................... is two or more LANs connected together across large
geographical area.

i) LAN ii) MAN

iii) WAN iv) CAN

c. In .......................... if a computer network cable is broken, the whole network
goes down.

(i) Star topology (ii) Bus topology

(iii) Mesh topology (iv) Ring topology

d. What is the central device of Star topology?

(i) Hub/Switch (ii) Node

(iii) NIC (iv) Router

e. The connection pattern of computers in network is called ………….

(i) protocol (ii) topology

(iii) twisted pair (iv) cable

d. Which one is the network operating software?

(i) POP (ii) FTP

(iii) Unix (iv) Google chrome

f. Which of the following is not a transmission medium?

(i) Coaxial Cable (iii) Radio waves

(ii) Twisted Pair Cable (iv) UPS

6. Differentiate between:

a. LAN and WAN
b. Client/Server network and Peer-to-Peer network.
c. Star topology and Bus topology

8. Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

1

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23

4

ACROSS Arrangement of computers in a network
2
4 Connection of computer of networks covering the world by the help of
satellite communication

DOWN Device that is used to connect different LAN in the network
1
3 Connecting two or more computers in a very limited area or within a same
building

Activity

1. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation on "Different Types of Computer
Network".

2. Draw on chart paper “Types of a computer network” and paste in your
class room.

3. Open Google.com in a web browser and type my ip, press on enter and
note it down. This is your public IP assigned by your ISP to connect to
Internet.

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Lesson Concept of

12 Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics

Graphics can be defined as visual
data in the form of images or designs
created to inform or communicate.
Such visual images that are
generated by a computer are called
Computer Graphics.

Computer generated images vary
from line drawings to the complex
2-D/3-D animated graphics. MS-Paint
is a very basic and simple software to Computer Graphics

work on pictures for beginners. Varieties of Software programs are developed
to draw simple to complex graphics. Some popular graphics software:

Adobe Photoshop Google Drawing CorelDraw Blender PaintShop Pro PicPick

Graphics Editing

Graphics is an important component of a web design. Therefore, a web
designer should have a good knowledge about editing graphics. There are
many editing application software for graphics available. Here, some basic
image editing techniques are discussed using the most popular photo-editing
tool – Adobe Photoshop.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a professional image editing software that can be used
to create a new image or edit an existing one. It is developed by Adobe

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Systems. Most of the graphic designers, web
designers, graphic artists, photographers, and
creative professionals use this popular tool.
Adobe Photoshop is very popular software because
of its different image editing and retouching effects.
Adobe Photoshop allows users to manipulate,
crop, resize, correct color, apply effects, add text,
and many other editing tasks.

How to start Photoshop

Open Run Window.
Type Photoshop.
Press on Enter or Click on OK.
[If Adobe Photoshop is installed in your computer, Photoshop starts.]

Photoshop Workspace

1 Photoshop Title Bar : It displays the name of the application
and other title contents.

2 Minimize button : It shrinks the application window to
a bar on the taskbar. You click on its
button on the taskbar to reopen it.

3 Maximize/Restore button : If the window is maximized (full screen),
click changes it to windowed (not full
screen) and vice versa.

4 Close (Quit) button : It closes the Adobe Photoshop application.

5 Menu Bar : It contains different menus. This is the
place where you can access most of the
commands and features in Photoshop.

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6 Tools Vedanta Let’s Log in Computer Science _ Book 7
7 Image Window
8 Palettes : It contains the various tools available
to create and edit images.
5
: The image appears in its own window
once you open a file. This is the main
working area.

: Palettes include Color, Layers,
Character, and other necessary palettes,
which provide you a variety of related
controls for working with images. If
none of the palettes is visible, go to
Window in the Menu bar and choose
palettes you need to work with.

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Opening an Image File

Follow the steps below to open a file:
Step 1 : Click on File Menu > Open .. (Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + O)

An Open dialog box appears:

Step 2 : Select the folder of your image file.
Step 3 : Select the target image file.
Step 4 : Click on Open button.

Changing the Image Size

Image size refers to the
length and width of a
digital image, also called
pixel dimensions. Follow
the steps below to change
the image size:

Step 1 : Open the
target
image file
of which
you want to
change the
size.

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Step 2 : Click on Image Menu > Image Size… (Keyboard Shortcut:
Step 3 : Alt+Ctrl+I)

Image Size dialog
box appears:

Here, the size of
image is 900x900
pixels. Print size
is 12.5 × 12.5 inch
and the resolution
is 72.

Type the required
Width and
Height in the
pixel dimension
section.

Note: In the above dialog box, Constrain Proportions is checked.
It means if you enter the value of Width, the value for Height
will be proportionately set.

Step 4 : Change the value of Width and Height in Document Size
section if you want to print it.

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