Vedanta Let's Log in Computer Class 4 Final (2078)

vedanta

Log inLet’s

(A course in Computer Science)

4Book

Sunil Kumar Gharti Authors

Sushil Upreti

Vedanta Publication (P) Ltd.

Vanasthali, Kathmandu, Nepal
+977-01-4982404, 01-4962082
[email protected]
www.vedantapublication.com.np

vedanta

Log inLet’s

(A course in Computer Science)

4Book

Authors

Sunil Kumar Gharti and Sushil Upreti

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any way,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

¤ Vedanta Publication (P) Ltd.

First Edition: B.S. 2077 (2020 A. D.)
Second Edition: B.S. 2078 (2021 A. D.)

Layout and Design
Pradeep Kandel
Printed in Nepal

Published by:
Vedanta Publication (P) Ltd.
Vanasthali, Kathmandu, Nepal
+977-01-4982404, 01-4962082
[email protected]
www.vedantapublication.com.np

PREFACE

This is the age of information. Information Technology has undoubtedly invaded all
walks of life to such an extent that computer and information literacy has become the
fundamental part of our daily activities. Computer Science is now an essential addition
to the school curriculum at all levels.

Vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) is a series of ten books on
Computer Science for basic and secondary level students, designed for the need of new
generation to help acquire knowledge on the theory, application and programming
aspects of computing. This series is based on the new syllabus of Computer Science,
designed and approved as per the curriculum prescribed by Curriculum Development
Center, Ministry of Education, Government of Nepal.

The series covers the history of computer, its accessories, applications and programming
in LOGO and QBASIC in a step-by-step and graded manner following logical and
scienti ic approach. Concept of graphic and web design is also illustrated with many
practical examples. This series not only assists the students and the teachers in the
class but also incorporates latest information and developments in IT with the present
need of the students in Nepal. It also provides other enthusiasts and learners with the
skill and knowledge to cope up with the growing demand of IT skills in market and
daily life.

We earnestly hope that the students would ind the journey through this series an
enjoyable experience and gain a sound working knowledge on the basic aspects of
computing and information technology.

As far as possible, we have sincerely put in our efforts to make the book error free.
However, there is always scope for improvement. Constructive criticism and feedback
are always welcome.

Authors

Contents Page No.

Unit Topics 5
16
1. Fundamentals of Computer 22
2. Memory and Storage Media 26
3. Multimedia 40
4. More about MS –Windows 53
5. More on MS Editing and Formatting Text Paint 71
6. More on MS– Paint 75
7. Computer Ethics 83
8. Logical Thinking 106
9. Fun with Logo

Test paper I - IV

Lesson Fundamentals
of Computer
1

Let’s review computer. A computer is an electronic machine that accepts
data, processes it, and gives meaningful result. It helps us to solve various
problems. It performs not only calculations like addition, subtraction, division
and multiplication but also helps to type letters, to draw pictures, and to play
games etc.

Computer becomes an important part of our daily life. The use of computer
makes many difficult tasks easier. Many machines that we use at home, such
as television, refrigerator, washing machine, micro oven have some sort of
computer in them. Computers are used in many places like schools for teaching,
in airports and railways for ticket reservation, and in hospital, banks, markets,
industry for their effective operation.

All computers essentially perform three basic functions. These are:

Input Process Output

(Data and Instructions) (As per Instructions) (Information)

Takes in data and Processes and Gives the result to us.
instructions which we stores the data and 9
instructions given by us.
give to it.
3×3

Computer works on the basis of input, process, and output cycle. The three
terms input, process, and output are interrelated. The raw information flows
from the input device (like 3 x 3) to the processing device for meaningful
information and then result (9) through output device. This whole flow of
information cycle is known as Input - Process – Output cycle or IPO (Input –

Process – Output) cycle.

5 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

COMPUTER SYSTEM

Computer system is comprised of several active units called parts or components
of computer system. It is made up of four types of devices. Each of these devices
has its own functionality and importance in making the entire computer system.
All parts are listed and explained below:

a. Input device b. Processing device

c. Output device d. Storage device

INPUT DEVICES

The devices which are used to enter data and instructions to the computer are
called input devices. The input function of a computer includes accepting the
data and instruction from the user.

Keyboard and mouse are the most common input devices. A keyboard is used
to provide input by typing letters and numbers. A mouse is a pointing device.
used to provide input by selecting a particular item on the screen. Some other
input devices are joystick, Light Pen, Touch Screen, and trackball.

Keyboard

A keyboard is a device which
consists of a number of keys.
It is a very important part of a
computer. By using the keyboard,
we can type alphabets, numbers,
names and address. We enter them into computer. It is called an input device.


The keyboard consists of many keys. It looks like a typewriter.
"A key is a small button which has got some character printed on it." The
character can be a letter, number, or symbol. On pressing a key the character
printed on the key gets typed and appears on the screen. Generally, a keyboard
has 104 keys. It has following five types of keys:

1. Alphabet keys and Numeric keys: (A,B,C,D.….1,2,3,4……)

2. Function keys (F1,F2,F3…….)

3. Punctuation keys (comma, question mark, colon, period, ...)

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 6

4. Special purpose keys (enter, shift, spacebar, caps lock, delete, ctrl, alt)

5. Cursor Navigation keys (arrow keys, home, end, page up, and page down)

Mouse

A computer mouse is an input device, normally connected via
a cable to a computer. It helps us point out or locate things on
computer monitor. A mouse may have two or three buttons. The
important mouse actions are Click, Double-click, Right-click, and
Drag and drop.

Microphone

Microphone is an input device. It helps us to input voice
messages like speeches, songs, music of instruments, and other
sounds into computer.

Joystick

A joystick is an input device that helps to play computer
games by moving things around the screen. It is a pointing
device. It consists of a stick that can be rotated in different
directions to control the speed of cursor. It is very popular in
games involving speed like racing and flying games.

Scanner

A scanner is an input device that scans documents
directly such as photographs and pages of text. The
scanner reads texts or pictures from the page and
displays them onto the monitor. There are many
types of scanners. The most commonly used are
flat-bed, hand-held, and sheet-fed scanners.

Touch Screen

A touch screen is a computer display screen. It is also an
input device. The screen is sensitive to pressure. A user
interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words
on the screen. Tablets, laptops, iPad, ATMs, and cell phones use touchscreen.

7 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Digital Camera

A digital camera captures and stores pictures which can be
transferred into computer. It stores them into a memory card.
We can use a data cable to transfer the pictures into computer
by attaching the cable to computer or we can put the memory
card in the SD card slot provided in laptop and computers.

Web Camera

A web camera is a video camera that is connected to a computer
for capturing still images and live videos. It is primarily used to
share pictures. We have a video chat with our parents, friends and
relatives who are living far away, using internet and web camera.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Output devices are used to display the data that we feed into computer and
information which we get after processing. Output devices could be texts,
graphics, audios, or videos.
Monitor and Printer are the most common output devices. A monitor displays
the result of the task performed by computer. The result displayed on the
screen of monitor is called the soft copy of output.
A printer is used to take printouts as permanent documents on paper. This is
called the hard copy of output.
Some other output devices are Plotter, Speaker, Headphone, and Projector.

Monitor

A monitor looks like a TV screen. It is also called a Visual Display Unit (VDU).
The front part of the monitor is called a screen. Monitor displays on the screen
whatever you type (words or numbers) on the keyboard or draw pictures with
the mouse.
We can see the result of computer on monitor. This result is known as soft copy
output.
A monitor can be used to watch movies and television programs as well. It is
connected to the CPU with a wire.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 8

Most of the monitors these days are color monitors. The CRT (Cathode Ray
Tube) monitor, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor, and LED (Light-Emitting
Diodes) monitor are available in the market.

Printer LCD Monitor CRT Monitor

A printer is used to print what we see on screen on a sheet of paper. This is called

a printout. The output printed with a printer is known as hardcopy output.

There are various types of printers in the market. The commonly used printers

are:

Dot Matrix printer
1. It works like a typewriter.
2. It prints only in black.
3. It makes lots of noise while printing.

4. It can print only a few pages in a minute.

Inkjet printer
1. It sprays droplets of ink on paper to form text and

graphics.
2. It makes less noise while printing.
3. It is less expensive and gives high-quality printouts.

4. It is most popular among home computer users.

Laser Printer
1. It uses laser beams and dry ink to print.
2. It prints in black as well as in multicolor.
3. It prints very fast and gives high quality printouts.
4. It makes very little noise while printing.
5. It can print up to 100 color pages in a minute.
6. It is expensive but it give the best quality.

9 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Plotter

It is used to print large drawings such as maps, banners, and posters. It is mainly
used by engineers, architects, and scientists. The two most commonly used
plotters are drum plotters and flat-bed plotters.

1. Drum Plotters are used to plot earthquake
activity. They print with a continuously moving
pen on a paper rolled around a rotating drum.

2. Flat-bed Plotters print by moving pen in horizontal
and vertical directions and the paper remains
stationary on a flat surface. They are used in
design of buildings, highways, cars, and aircraft.

Speaker

Speakers are used to listen to songs, music or any sound
processed in computer. They are very useful when we play
games, listen to songs, and watch movies on computer.

Headphones

Headphones are also used to listen to songs, music or any
sound processed in computer without disturbing others.

Projector

A projector is an output device that can take images
generated in computer and reproduce them on a big
screen, wall, or other white surface. We can use a
projector to make presentation on a large screen so
that everyone can see it in the room.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 10

PROCESSING DEVICES

The processing device is CPU(Central Processing Unit). A
motherboard inside the CPU box. It processes, and stores
the data and instructions given to it. It controls all input,
output, and other devices. It displays results on the output
device. CPU is also called the brain of computer.

CPU consists of mainly three parts:

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU performs all the arithmetic operations
like addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/). It also
performs all the logical comparisons. The logical comparisons include
greater than (>), less than (<), greater than equal to (>=), less than equal to
(<=), equal to (=), and not equal to (<>).

2. Control Unit: Control unit controls and coordinates the activities of other
units.

3. Memory Unit: Memory unit stores the data temporarily or permanently as
per requirement.

Main Points to Remember

 Many machines that we use at home have computers in them.
 All computers follow three steps: Input, Process, and Output.
 A computer system is made up of four types of devices: Input

devices, Output devices, processing, and storage devices.
 Input devices allow users to input data into the computers.
 Output devices are used to display the data that we feed into

computer.
 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the processing device. It has

three parts: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and
Memory Unit (MU).

11 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

EXERCISE

1. Write the name of input device on the basis of given clues.

a) It is used to draw directly on the screen.

b) It is used to give instructions by touching the screen with your finger.

c) It is used to record voice into computer.

d) It consists of a stick that can be rotated in different directions.

2. Given below are the names of some input and output
devices. Write them under appropriate columns.

Touch screen, Keyboard, Monitor, Scanner, Mouse, Printer, Plotter, Projector

INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES

3. Choose the correct word and write it in the grid:

i) A computer is an …………..machine. (electronic/water)
ii) A computer performs three basic functions: Input, ………………………… and

…………….(draw, type/process, output)
iii) The keyboard and mouse are …………………devices. (input/output)
iv) The CPU is ……………………….device (storage/processing)
v) Light pen looks like a real ……………….(pencil/pen)
vi) ………………is an output device. (Monitor/Keyboard)
vii) A projector is an …………..device. (tv/output)

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 12

4. Write T for the true statement and F for the false one.

i) A computer is made up of five types of devices. []
ii) Laser printer makes a lot of noise. []
iii) A keyboard is an input device. []

iv) Monitor is the most common output device. []
v) A standard keyboard has 104 keys. []

vi) The mouse is also called a pointing device. []

vii) Alphabet keys are used to enter numbers. []
viii) Computers can’t be used at home. []

ix) A joystick makes computer games more fun. []

x) Flat-bed scanners are kept on the bench. []

5. Answer the following questions.

a) What is a computer system?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

b) What are the three parts of CPU?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

c) What are input and output devices?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

d) Explain processing device.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

13 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

e) What is a touch screen?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

f) What is the use of drum plotter?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

g) What are the different types of printers?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

Activities

1) Make a list of different places in your area where computers are being
used.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

2) Write the names of any three pointing devices.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

3) Write the names of any five stores where you see the barcode scanner.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 14

4. Circle the odd one out.

Pen Drive CPU Hard Disk CD ROM

Mouse Light Pen Joystick Printer

5. Complete the word ladder. 1C 4
5
1 6

2J 5S
3K
2U
B
T P
6M
D
3

4S K

15 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

2Lesson Memory and Storage
Media

Introduction

Computer stores data or information, using several different methods. Storage
devices are physical parts of computer system that store data, instruction or
programs either temporarily or permanently. It has many types devices for
data storage. Some of them can be classified as the removable data storage
devices and the others as the non-removable data storage devices. Therefore,
there are different levels of data storage, referred to as computer memory.
Memory is the work space for the processor in computer. It is an essential part
of computer that stores unprocessed and processed data. The performance of
computer system depends upon the size of memory. Computer uses different
types of memory, but the two most important types are Primary Memory and
Secondary Memory.

PRIMARY OR INTERNAL MEMORY
Primary memory is necessary for computer to work. It is also called internal
memory. It is the main area where data is stored. The stored data can be
recalled and processed by the CPU. It operates at a very high speed. Primary
memory is of two types: RAM and ROM.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 16

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is Random Access Memory. It hold instructions for
the computer programs and the data. It is temporary
in nature. It is a volatile memory. The stored data
disappears when the computer is turned off. For
example, if we write on the whiteboard. What will
happen? We can write only on the white space available
on the whiteboard. When the space is all used up, we need to wipe it out. When
we wipe it out, everything that was written on the whiteboard disappears. RAM

works in the same way.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

ROM is Read Only Memory. It is the built-in
memory in computer. It is a non-volatile memory.
The content of ROM is permanent and it cannot
be changed. Thus, it is permanent in nature. The

program contained in it is called firmware. It helps to start computer.

SECONDARY OR EXTERNAL MEMORY
When you work on computer, it stores information temporarily. As soon as it is
switched off, the information is lost. So, you need a place where you can store
data on a long-term basis. This will ensure that the data can be used when we
require it.
The memory where the programs and data are stored on a long-term basis is
called secondary memory. It is needed in computers because the programs and
data in the primary memory are lost when computer is switched off. The most
commonly used devices for secondary memory are: Hard Disk, Compact Disk,

Flash Drive, etc.

Hard Disk

A hard disk is the most popular secondary storage device of a
computer. It is made up of a collection of disks called platters.
It can store large amount of data and provide relatively quicker
access. Hard disk is generally fitted inside the system unit.

17 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Computer with a hard disk that has storage capacity in terms of Gigabytes (GB)
and Terabytes (TB) like 5 TB, 10 TB, etc. Nowadays, removable hard disks are
also available.

COMPACT DISC

Compact Disc (CD) is a small, portable and round medium
disc used for recording, playing back audio-video and storing
data and software. The different types of CD are:

CD-ROM: The full form of CD-ROM is Compact Disc Read
Only Memory. In a CD-ROM, the data stored once cannot be
erased still it can be read a number of times.

CD-RW: The full form of CD-RW is Compact Disc Re Writable. It is used to read
write, and erase data.

DVD

As newer technology, the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is a
popular storage disc. It is mostly used to store songs, movies
and software. DVD has more storage capacity than CD.

Blu-Ray Disc

A Blu-ray is replacing of DVDs nowadays. It has more than five
times storage capacity than DVDs. High quality sound, music,
games, and movies can be stored in such types of disks.

Flash Drive

Flash drive is a small, portable memory card that plugs
into USB port in computer. It is small enough for us to
carry in a pocket. It can be plugged into any computer
with a USB drive. Thus, it is easy to use and popular
nowadays. USB flash drive is also called a pen drive or simply USB drive.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 18

Main Points to Remember

 Memory is a place where data, and instructions are stored for future
use.

 There are two kinds of memory: Primary Memory and Secondary
Memory.

 Random-Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM) are
two types of primary or internal memory.

 Hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and Flash Drive are external storage
devices.

 Blu-ray disc has more than five times storage capacity than that of
DVDs.

EXERCISE

1. Answer the following questions.

a) Define memory. What are two types of memory of
computer?

………………………………………………………………… ……………
………………….…..…………..................................……

b) What is secondary or external memory? Give any
three examples.

………………………………………………………………… ……………
………………….…..…………..................................……

c) Write two differences between RAM and ROM?

………………………………………………………………… ……………
………………….…..…………..................................……

19 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

d. What is a hard disk?

………………………………………………………………… ……………
………………….…..…………..................................……

e. What is the use of a flash drive?

………………………………………………………………… ……………
………………….…..…………..................................……

2. Mark a tick (√) for the correct statement and a

cross (×) for the wrong one.

a) ROM is temporary in nature. []

b) RAM is permanent in nature. []

c) RAM is a volatile memory. []

d) Hard disk cannot store large amount of data. []

e) Hard disk is generally fitted inside the system unit. [ ]

f) Flash drive is small enough to be carried in a pocket. [ ]

g) DVD is an old technology as compared to CD. [ ]

3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words:
a) The primary memory can be divided into …………………..
and……………….

b) CD-ROM stands for …………………………...................

c) DVD stands for …………………………...................

d) GB stands for …………………………...................

e) ROM stands for …………………………...................

f) RAM stands for ……………………………………………..

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 20

Activities

1. Identify and write the names of these storage
devices.

a. ------------------------------------- b. -------------------------------------

c. ------------------------------------- d. -------------------------------------

2. Put the following features under the correct
columns – RAM or ROM

[Volatile in nature, Temporary memory, Read/write memory,
Non-volatile in nature, Permanent memory, Read-only
memory]

RAM ROM

21 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Lesson Multimedia

3
Introduction

At present, high powered computers

enhance the way of delivering

information and entertainment to

users. The powerful multimedia

communication technology

has made it possible to take an

interactive instructional course to

deliver the information in a systematic way.

Multimedia has become an inevitable part of any presentation. It has found
a variety of applications right from entertainment to education. As the name
implies, multimedia is the integration of multiple form of media. The term
“Multimedia” has two parts: ‘Multi’
and ‘Media’. ‘Multi’ means many
and ‘Media’ means all the modes
of communication, such as sounds,
graphics, animation, text, video clips,
etc. Multimedia can be defined as
the combination of media such as
sounds, graphics, animation, text and
video clips which increase the impact of our information. Computer with the
capability to process various modes of communication is called a Multimedia
Computer.

A multimedia computer can play video and audio files. However, we need some
additional hardware, like a sound card and video card. They convert digital
data into sounds and pictures respectively. In case,
we want to record sounds, we need a microphone.
A microphone is a device which is connected to the
computer to record sound into it. We can capture
pictures and store them in our computer by using a
digital camera.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 22

Apart from this hardware, we need multimedia software which allows us to
work with sounds and pictures. Examples; Picasa, VLC media player,Windows
movie maker, Adobe Photoshop,Media Monkey, MS-PowerPoint, Adobe
Premier etc.

Uses of multimedia

Multimedia creates a multi-sensory learning environment. Home, education,
business, advertising, movies, virtual reality etc. are some of the major fields
benefitted by the impact of multimedia.

Multimedia in Education

In education, multimedia is used to produce
computer-based training courses (CBTs) and
reference books like encyclopedia. Its power to
present information in creative ways has led to the
creation of rich learning environment. Multimedia
enables students to grasp the concept easily and
quickly. In addition, students retain the information
for a longer time.

Multimedia in Advertising

In advertising, multimedia is extensively used. By the use of multimedia, the
messages and ads are presented before different users in an attractive way.

Playing Games

All computer Video games use
multimedia features. Multimedia games
allow you to actively participate with the
game as if you were one of the players.
Playing games on computer improve
smemory, reasoning skills and decision
making to some extent. However, too
much time spent playing computer games can make you dull and cause eye
problems. Some of on screen 3-D games we play in the computer are FIFA,
Age of Empires, Angry Birds, Street Fighter, Apex Legends, PUBG, Call of Duty,
Advanced Warfare, Fortnite, Dirt Rally etc.

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Business

In business, multimedia is used for various purposes like to display their product
information to their customers with the help of attractive and interesting
presentations.

Movies

All the cartoons and animated
movies that we watch are made
with the help of a multimedia
computer. There are cartoons
such as Tom and Jerry, Lion
King, Pokemon, Motu Patlu,
Chhota Bhim, etc.

Medicine

In medicine, doctors can be trained by
looking at a virtual surgery or they can
simulate how the human body is affected by
diseases spread with viruses and bacteria,
and then develop techniques to prevent it.

Points to remember

 Multimedia is defined as the combination of multiple media such as
text, images, video, animation and graphics.

 Multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of media.

 Multimedia is made up of two: ‘Multi’ and ‘Media’.

 A multimedia computer can play video and audio files.

 Multimedia is used for various purposes like education, advertising,
playing games, business, watching movies, medicine, etc.

 Too much time spent playing computer games can make you dull and
cause eye problems.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 24

EXERCISE

1. Answer the following questions.
a) What is multimedia?
b) Write any four application areas where multimedia is used.
c) Write the importance of multimedia in education.
d) List any four common multimedia software.

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) from
the text.
a) Sound cards and speakers are used for producing…………….………
b) ………………and ………………are examples of multimedia software.
c) ………………is a multimedia software for creating 3D animation.
d) Adobe Premiere is a …………..editing software.

3. Write T for true and F for false statements.

a) Multimedia presents the information in an attractive and
effective way.

b) Multimedia computer can play one medium at a time.

c) Adobe Photoshop is an example of multimedia software.

d) Text is the primary component of multimedia.

e) Adobe Illustrator is not a multimedia software.

f) Using animation, any event can be explained more clearly.

g) Multimedia technology is used in limited areas.

h) Multimedia helps to make advertisement more attractive.

25 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Lesson More about
MS-Windows
4

Introduction
When we start computer, the first software that gets loaded is known as
operating system. It manages and controls the different parts of computer
system. It provides a working environment to the user. Microsoft Windows is
the most commonly used operating system. Linux, Ubuntu, and Mac OS are
some other operating systems. In this chapter, we will learn about Windows 10
in detail.

Why do we need an Operating System?
• It manages computer hardware like CPU, Memory, Hard disk, etc.
• It allows us to communicate with the computer.
• Computer is useless without an operating system.
• It acts as a manager of computer system.

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What is MS-Windows?
MS-Windows is the most popular and widely used operating system
developed by Microsoft. Windows 10 is the latest versions of the windows
operating system. Some previous versions are Windows XP, Windows 7 and
Windows 8. The windows operating systems are GUI (Graphical User Interface)
based operating systems.

Did you know?
The first Windows operating system known as Microsoft Windows 1.0 was
released on November 20, 1985.

The Desktop
When we switch on our computer, after the welcome message of the windows,
the first screen that we see is desktop. It contains icons, program, or files
shortcuts, start button, and taskbar needed for accessing the available programs.

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Wallpaper
The background picture of Windows desktop is called the desktop background.
It is also called wallpaper. Desktop wallpaper is the image that fills the
background of our computer screen when all programs are closed.

Changing the Wallpaper

• Right-click your desktop and choose
Personalize.

• Select Picture from the Background drop-down list.

• Close the Settings window.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 28

Icons
The small labelled pictures present on desktop are called icons. These icons are
used to open specific programs, folders, or documents. Desktop icons are also
called shortcuts. Some commonly found icons are This PC, Recycle Bin, etc.

This PC Icon

This PC icon represents all the hard-disk drives, saved files, and
folders. Using it, we can access all the drives, folders, and files
stored in a computer. Double-click on the PC to open it. We can
open drives, folders, and files in it by double-clicking on their icons.

Recycle Bin

Recycle Bin icon represents all the deleted folders and files. It acts
as a dustbin for our computer. It is used to store deleted items. We
can restore the deleted files from the Recycle Bin. However, once a
file is deleted from the Recycle Bin, it cannot be recovered.

Do you Know ?

Press on Shift+Delete to delete your file or folder permanently.

Taskbar

Taskbar is the long horizontal bar present at the bottom of desktop. Different
parts of a taskbar are shown below:

Working with files and folders

Files

A file is a collection of related information. The icon of file tells us what type
of file it is. All the data in your computer is stored in the form of file. There are
different types of file in computer. For example, image files, program files, text
files, music files, etc. are types of file.

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A file name consists of two parts: file name and extension.

File name can be any name given by the user while the extension is given by the
program that creates the file.

Annapurna.jpg

filename extension

Folders

A folder is a container for storing files and other folders. A
collection of related files can be grouped in a common folder. A
folder within a folder is called a sub-folder.

Creating Folder

To create a new folder on desktop, follow the given steps.
Step 1 : Right click on the blank area of desktop.

Step 2 : A pop-up menu will appear.
Select New and Click on Folder

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 30

Step 3 : Type in the folder name.
Step 4 : Press Enter.
A new folder is created.

Selecting File and Folder

• To select a single file or folder, click on it.
• To select multiple files and folders, click one by one on every file or folder

with Shift key pressed.
• To select multiple files and folders that are not placed together, select the

file or folder with Ctrl key pressed.

Opening a File/Folder

• To open a file or folder, double-click on it. The file/folder will open and you
can view its contents.

Renaming a file or folder

Step 1 : Right click on the icon of the desired file or folder.
Step 2 : A pop-menu will appear. Click on Rename.
Step 3 : Type in the new name.
Step 4 : Press Enter.

31 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Deleting a File or a Folder

Step 1 : Right-click on the file or folder that you want to delete.
Step 2 : A pop-up menu will appear. Click Delete option.

OR
Step 3 : Select the file or folder.
Step 4 : Press Delete key.

Do You Know?

When we delete a folder or file, by default windows moves it to the Recycle
Bin. The file, folder remains in the Recycle Bin unless it is deleted from there
as well.

Restoring deleted files or folders from Recycle Bin

Restore means bringing back the deleted files or folders to its original location
from Recycle Bin.

• Double-click on the Recycle Bin icon present on the
desktop.

• Right-click on the file or folder you want to restore.
• Click on restore.

Moving a File or Folder (Cut and Paste)

Cutting and pasting are typical Windows functions. Cutting means moving
something (file, folder, text, image, etc.). Pasting is the action of bringing the
cut item in its new location.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 32

To cut a file or folder

Step 1 : Right-click the file or folder that you want to move.
Step 2 : A pop-up menu will appear. Click on Cut.

OR
Step 3 : Select the file or folder that you want to move.
Step 4 : Press Ctrl+X.

Paste the file to a new location.

Open the desired folder where you want to
move the file or folder.
Step 1 : Right-click on the blank area.
Step 2 : Click Paste from the pop-up menu.

OR

Step 3 : Select the file or folder that you
want to move to.
Step 4 : Press Ctrl+V.

Copying a File or Folder

Like cutting, copying is also a common function in Windows. Copying

creates a duplicate item.

33 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

To copy a file or folder

Open the desired folder where you want to move the file or folder.
Step 1 : Right-click on the file or folder that you want to move.
Step 2 : A pop-up menu will appear. Click on Copy.

OR

Step 3 : Select the file or folder that you want to move.
Step 4 : Press on Ctrl+C.

Paste the file to a new location.

Open the desired folder where you want to move the file or folder.
Step 1 : Right-click on the blank area.
Step 2 : Click Paste from the pop-up menu.

OR

Step 3 : Select the file or folder that you
want to move to.

Step 4 : Press on Ctrl+V.

Running different programs in Windows

Windows provides many additional apps that help us in performing
various tasks. Some important apps in Windows 10 are as follows:

Calculator – You can perform different arithmetic and scientific

calculations from this app.
To run Calculator

Step 1 : Press on Windows Key and R at the same time.
Step 2 : Run window appears.
Step 3 : Type ‘calc’ as shown in the figure

alongside.
Step 4 : Finally click on OK button.
Step 5 : The Calc app will run.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 34

Microsoft Paint – You can edit or design graphics from this free Windows

App.
Type "mspaint" in Run Window to use
this app.

NotePad – It is a simple text-editor

program. Type "notepad" in Run Window
to use this app.

On Screen Keyboard – This app allows you to type without physical

keyboard.
To run on screen keyboard

• Press Windows Key and R at the same time.
• Run window appears.
• Type ‘osk’ as shown in the figure alongside.
• Finally, click on OK button.
• The On-Screen Keyboard app will run.

35 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Magnifier – This app is used to magnify (enlarge) the screen.

To run Magnifier

• Press Windows Key and R at the same
time.
• Run window appears.
• Type ‘magnify’ as shown in the figure
alongside.
• Finally click on OK button.
The Magnify tool will appear on the screen.

Press + or – button to Zoom in or Zoom out the current screen.

Main Points to Remember

 Windows is the most popular and widely used operating system
developed by Microsoft.

 The background picture of Windows desktop is called wallpaper.
 The small-labelled pictures present on desktop are called icons.
 Recycle Bin acts as a dustbin for our computer.
 Taskbar is the long horizontal bar present at the bottom of the

desktop.
 A file is a collection of related information.
 A folder is a container for storing files and other folders.
 Calculator, Notepad, Paint, On-Screen Keyboard, and Magnifier

are some popular apps provided by Windows 10.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 36

EXERCISE

1. Answer the following questions.
a) What is an Operating System? Name any two Operating Systems.
b) What is the main function of an Operating System?
c) Name any two icons that you find on your Desktop.

2. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs).

a) Which is not an Operating System?
i. Windows 10 ii. Linux iii. MS-Word iv. Mac OS

b) Short cut key to paste an item is.
i. Ctrl+C ii. Ctrl+X iii. Ctrl+O iv. Ctrl+V

c) ………. contains icons, program, or file shortcuts.
i. Desktop ii. Wallpaper iii. This PC iv. Recycle Bin

d) Windows is developed by ………………
i. Microsoft ii. Amazon iii. Google iv. Facebook

e) The small labelled picture present on desktop is called ……….
i. Recycle Bin ii. icon iii. This PC iv. Wallpaper

f) To run Magnifier tool, we need to type ………. in Run window.
i. magnifier ii. magnify iii. zoom iv. mgfier

3. Write T for true and F for false.
a) The Windows 10 is a GUI based operating system.
b) A folder is a collection of related information.
c) We cannot rename a file.
d) Notepad is capable of doing scientific calculations.
e) The background picture of Windows desktop is called wallpaper.

37 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

4. Complete the cross word given below.
ACROSS

3 Desktop background
6 Small-labelled picture present on the desktop
7 Container for storing files

DOWN
1 A long horizontal bar found at the bottom of desktop
2 The first screen of Windows
4 An operating system
5 Collection of related information
8 Recycle Bin acts as a ....... for our computer

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 38

5. Match the following question.

Group "A" Group "B"

a) Notepad i) Zoom in and Zoom Out the screen

b) Calculator ii) Type without physical keyboard

c) On-Screen Keyboard iii) Edit graphics

d) Paint iv) Simple text editor

e) Magnifier v) Arithmetic and Scientific calculation

Lab Activities

Activity 1:

(i) Start your computer and wait for desktop to appear after booting.

(ii) Count and write the number of icons on your desktop.

(iii) Change the desktop wallpaper.

Activity 2:
(i) Create a folder "Computer Science".
(ii) In this folder, create a new Notepad file.
(iii) Open the file and write a short note on "Use of Computer." Close this

file.
(iv) Copy this file to a new folder "Computer Advantage."

39 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Lesson Editing and
Formatting Text
5

Microsoft Word or MS-Word is an application software. It is
also called a word processor. It is developed by Microsoft

Corporation. It makes typing easy on computer.

Features of MS-Word
• We can type letters, notices, reports, newsletters, books, or bills quickly.
• We can modify the text while or after typing the text.
• We can insert graphics.
• We can format the text using color, font, size, and other different

effects.
• We can copy and move the text from one place to another.

• We can save and print the text.

How to Open MS-Word

1. On Windows desktop, click on
Search Windows icon.

2. In the search box, type word.

3. Click on the Word 2016 option in the
search results.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 40

Alternative method to Run MS-Word

1. Press on Windows Key and R at the same time.
2. Run window appears.
3. Type ‘winword’ as shown in the figure alongside.
4. Finally, click on OK button.
MS-Word Window

Microsoft word screen

41 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Entering Text

Pokhara is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Nepal. Many tourists visit Pokhara Valley
to see the Himalayan range and lakes. Pokhara is also famous for boating, trekking, rafting and
extreme sports like rafting, canoying and bungee jumping.
Start typing the given paragraph in a new document.

Selecting and Editing Text

After typing the text in a document, you might have to change a certain part
of your document. The process of making changes in the document is called
editing.

Selecting Text

To do any type of editing work, you have to select the required text. You can select
text, paragraph, or whole document by using mouse or keyboard shortcuts.

Using Mouse Method

Selection • Click and Drag the mouse over the desired text
• Double Click on the required word
• a block of text • Triple Click anywhere on the paragraph
• Single word
• Single paragraph

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 42

Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Selection Method

• One character to the right • Shift + Right Arrow

• One character to the left • Shift + Left Arrow

• From current position to the beginning of the line • Shift + Home

• From current position to the end of the line • Shift + End

• One word to the right • Shift + Ctrl + Right Arrow

• One word to the left • Shift + Ctrl + Left Arrow

• Whole Document • Ctrl + A

Using Mouse and Keyboard

Selection Method

• Vertical block of document • Alt + Mouse Drag

• A sentence • Ctrl + Click

Inserting Text

Sometimes, you have to add some text into an existing document.
Follow the given steps to insert text:
Step 1 : Place the cursor to the right of the character where you want to insert
text.
Step 2 : Type the text. The new text will be typed in the right side of the cursor.
Erasing Text

Sometimes you might have to erase unnecessary text from your document. You
can erase the text using either BACKSPACE key or DELETE key.

NBTeaAoorbaCtdosKeeveS:lesePltAmeeCtetaEtehlkraoeordygnseetarshaneesdleercpsigtrliheeottsntsoeoforfcnoutneDrxsEtothL,rEe.hTilgeEhfktleiogyfh. ctuorrsoser.leLciktetwexisteu,sDinEgLEaTnEy key
of the

43 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

erases

erases

Copy and Paste

Copy: Creating duplicate of selected text.

Paste: Place the copied text at desired location.

Step 1 : Select text you want to copy. Clipboard Group

Step 2 : From the Clipboard group on Home tab, click on Copy button.

Step 3 : Bring the insertion point (cursor) at the desired place.

Keyboard shortcuts:

Copy – Ctrl + C
Paste – Ctrl + V

Step 4 : From the Clipboard group on Home tab, click on Paste button.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 44

2 1 Select text
Click on Copy
Laxmi Prasad Devkota (12 November 1909-
14 September 1959) was a Nepali poet.
Honoured with the title of Maha Kavi in Nepali
literature, he is known as the poet with the
golden heart.

4 Click on Paste

Place the cursor here 3 Laxmi Prasad Devkota (12 November 1909-
14 September 1959) was a Nepali poet.
Honoured with the title of Maha Kavi in Nepali
literature, he is known as the poet with the
golden heart.
Laxmi Prasad Devkota

The selected text has appeared at both of the places.

Cut and Paste

During copy-paste, you have noticed the selected text
appears in both locations. You can also move the selected
text from one place to another. For this, you have to CUT
(not COPY) the text.

Cut: Removing of selected text to move to another place. Clipboard Group

45 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Step 1 : Select the text that you want to move to other locations.
Step 2 : From the Clipboard group on Home tab, click on Cut button.
Step 3 : Bring the insertion point (cursor) at the desired place.
Step 4 : From the Clipboard group on Home tab, click on Paste button.

2 1 Select text
Click on Copy
Laxmi Prasad Devkota (12 November 1909-
14 September 1959) was a Nepali poet.
Honoured with the title of Maha Kavi in Nepali
literature, he is known as the poet with the
golden heart.

4 Click on Paste Laxmi Prasad Devkota (12 November 1909-
Place the cursor here 3 14 September 1959) was a Nepali poet.
Honoured with the title of Maha Kavi in Nepali
literature, he is known as the poet with the
golden heart.
Laxmi Prasad Devkota

The selected text has appeared at both of the place.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 46

Formatting Text

What is formatting?
Formatting is the process of arranging the text in document in such a way that
it looks attractive and comfortable to read. Microsoft provides many features
to format characters, paragraphs, and pages.

Changing the font, font size, and font color

Step 1 : Select the desired text. Font List Font Size
Step 2 : To change Font, choose the desired font
Font Color
from Font list of Font Group from Home

tab.

Step 3 : To change Font Size, choose the
appropriate font size from the drop

down arrow of Font Size.

Step 4 : To change Font Color, choose the
appropriate font color from the drop
down arrow of Font Color.

Keyboard shortcuts:
Increase font size: Ctrl + Shift + >
Decrease font size: Ctrl + Shift + <

Making the text appear bold, italic, and underlined

These commands are used to give emphasis to some texts of your document.

Bold – make a text darker Keyboard shortcuts:

Italic – make a text appear in a slanted manner Bold – Ctrl + B

Underline – give a line beneath the text Italic – Ctrl + I

Step 1 : Select the required text. Underline – Ctrl + U

Step 2 : Select for Bold from Font group on Home tab.

Select for Italic from Font group on Home tab.

Select for Underline from Font group on Home tab.

47 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Bold, Italic and Underline

Bold Italic Underline

Bold, Italic and Underline

Using Undo and Redo Command

Sometimes you want to cancel the last action. For this, you can use the Undo
command. If you want to reverse the action of Undo command, you can use
the Redo command.

For Undo: For Redo:
Click on Undo button. Click on Redo button.
or
Press Ctrl + Z or
Press Ctrl + Y

Main Points to Remember

 Microsoft Word is a word processor.
 Microsoft Word allows us to type letters, notices, reports, books,

and bills quickly.
 We need to type "winword" in Run window to start MS-Word.
 The process of making changes in the document is called editing.
 Creating a duplicate of selected text is Copy.
 Arranging the text in an attractive way is called formatting.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 48

EXERCISE iv. All of them

1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs).

a) In MS-Word, we can:
i. Modify the text ii. Copy the text iii. Erase the text

b) The process of making changes in the document is called ……..

i. editing ii. formatting iii. entering iv. deleting

c) Keyboard shortcut to select one character to the right is .……..

i. Shift + Left Arrow ii. Shift + Home

iii. Shift + End iv. Shift + Right Arrow

d) To erase the text, we use ...... key.

i. Backspace ii. Shift iii. Delete iv. Both (i) and (iii)

e) Keyboard shortcut to cut the text is ……..

i. Ctrl + C ii. Ctrl + V iii. Ctrl + O iv. Ctrl + X

f) Arranging the text in an attractive way is ... iv. deleting
i) editing ii. formatting iii. entering

g) Font Group is available on ……… tab.

i) Insert ii. Home iii. Design iv. View

2. Write T for true and F for false statements.
a) Microsoft Word and MS-Word are different application software.
b) Creating duplicate of selected text is Cut.
c) Clipboard Group is available Home tab.
d) Backspace key erases letter on the right of cursor.
e) Ctrl + Click is used to select a sentence.
f) Redo command is used to cancel the last action.

49 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

3. Answer the following questions.

a) Write down any two features of MS-Word.
b) Differentiate between copying and moving text.
c) Define formatting.

4. Match the following.

Group "A" Group "B"

a) One character to the right - i) Ctrl + A

b) One character to the left - ii) Shift + Ctrl + Left Arrow

c) One word to the right - iii) Shift + Right Arrow

d) One word to the left - iv) Shift + Ctrl + Right Arrow

e) Whole Document - v) Shift + Left Arrow

- vi) Ctrl + X

ACTIVITY TIME

1. Find out any five words related to MS-Word from the
given word puzzle. Apply color:

R Q R H O M E P W A
S P E L K O G R T S
V O G C U T V W M X
W Z H O J H C K N C
X R S P A S T E B V
B N M Y D E L E T E

2. Complete the cross word given below.
ACROSS

2 First tab of Microsoft Word screen

3 Removing of selected text to move somewhere

5 Duplicate of selected text

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