Vedanta Let's Log in Computer Class 4 Final (2078)

6 Developer of MS-Word
7 Place the copied text at desired location
8 Erases the letter on the right of the cursor

DOWN
1 Reverse the action of Undo command
4 Cancel the last action
5 First group of Home tab

1.
2.

3. 4.
5.

6.

7.
8.

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Lab Activities

For the Teachers

• Demonstrate the students how to create a new document.
• Also, explain the different parts of MS-Word window.

For the Students

1. Type the given text as formatted.

Computer is a special machine that can perform several functions.

It can be programmed by us to given information, perform

calculation, reserve seats in airplane or trains, design books and
magazines, forecast weather, and do many more things.
Computers have completely changed the way we collect, store,
process, transmit and display information.

2. Type a paragraph about your favourite food and
do the following tasks:

a) Underline any two words.
b) Undo the above actions.
c) Display the same words in bold and italic format which you have

underlined before.
d) Insert a word between these two underlined words.
e) Use Undo and Redo action again.

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Lesson More on MS-Paint

6

Windows comes with a basic, easy-to-use image
creation program called Microsoft Paint. Formerly
known as Paintbrush, Paint allows users to use draw,
paint, and edit basic image features without having
to use advanced software like Photoshop.

Paint allows us to make beautiful drawing and color them using various tools.
Microsoft Paint is a software designed for learning graphics in early childhood.
It was developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA. It allows you to design simple

graphic pictures, edit them, and save them in different format.

How to Open Paint

Windows 10 Click here to run
Paint
1. On Windows desktop, click on the
Search Windows icon.

2. In the search box, type paint.

3. Click on the Paint option in the search
results

Windows Search Box

Search Windows

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Alternative method to Run Paint

1. Press Windows Key and R at the same
time.

2. Run window appears.
3. Type ‘mspaint’ as shown in the figure alongside.
4. Finally click on OK button.

Paint Window Shapes Group Colours Group

Paint window has two parts:
1. Ribbon

Title Bar
Tabs Tools Group

Ribbon provides you with the different tools with which you can draw various
shapes and color them.

2. Canvas
Imagine this canvas as a piece of paper for you to draw or write on it. You can
adjust the size of canvas before you start to draw and color the pictures in this
area.

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Canvas

This is the area where you draw pictures.

• On Home tab, click “Resize.” Select “Pixels”
and type the desired size in the “horizontal”
and “vertical” boxes.

• You can also adjust canvas size by percentage.
Select “Percentage” and enter the percentage
value to increase or decrease the current
canvas size.

• For example, if you’d like to make your image
50% of the size it is now, type 50 into each
box. To double the current size, type 200
into each box.

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Scroll Bars

The Scroll bars allow you to view the unseen part of Paint window. Vertical
Scroll bar moves the window up and down and Horizontal Scroll bar moves it
left and right.

Rotate an Image

To flip an image upside down or some other
direction, use the Flip and Rotate tools.
• Go to File Manu and open any image file.
• On Home tab, click “Rotate” and choose

a direction in the menu.

Original Image Rotated left by 900

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Colors
The Colour section of the ribbon has three parts: Boxes showing the active
colors—Color 1 and Color 2, the Color Palette and the Edit Colors button.
The Color Boxes
Foreground Color and Background Color in Paint
In the Colors Group, you can see two icons Color 1 and Color 2.

You can use the Colours in Paint in two ways:

Foreground Color : Color 1 is called Foreground Color. When you draw using
tools like pencil, brush, line, or eraser, it uses your Color 1 setting.

Background Color : Color 2 is called Background Color. When you have to fill
a closed object, like a circle or a rectangle, or to fill a deleted area, Paint uses
Color 2 setting.

Foreground Color Background Color
(Indigo) (Red)

Changing Foreground Color

By default, Paint will draw with black color. You can change the foreground
color by using the given steps:

Step 1 : In the Colors group, click Color 1.
Step 2: Click on the desired Color from the Colors Palette.

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Step 1 Step 2

Changing Background Color

By default, the background colour is white. You can change it by using the given
steps:

Step 1 : In the Colors group, click Color 2.

Step 2 : Click on the desired Color from the Colors Palette.

Step 1 Step 2

Notice that the shape is drawn with foreground color (purple)and the circle is
filled with the background color (green).

The Color Palette
The two top lines of the Color Palette show all the colors available whenever
you are making a picture.

The line of blank squares at the bottom will show any colors you have edited
during this session. Once Paint is closed, those colors will vanish away.

Edit Colors Edit
colors
The Edit Colors button takes you into the Edit Colors dialog. There
you can click any color on an extended palette and click on Add to
Custom Colors button.

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The Tools Group

Edit Colors

The pencil tool can be used for free-hand drawing, or it can be used in a
zoomed-in view for pixel-by-pixel editing.
Step 1 : Select the desired Color 1 and Color 2.

Step 2: Click on the Pencil tool.

Step 3 : Change the thickness of pencil from Size option.

Step 4 : Use the left mouse button to draw with Color 1 and use the right
mouse button to draw with Color 2.
Fill with Color

The Fill with color tool is used to fill an area of a single color with a different
color. Color 1 will be used if we press on the left button in mouse to fill on.
Color 2 will be used if we press on the right button of mouse.

The Text Tool

The Text tool can be used to add text to our drawing. For example, we
may like to give a heading or title to our drawing. We can change the font size
and color as well.
Step 1 : Click on the Text tool.
Step 2 : Click on the required place of canvas.

A "Text Tools" floating tab will appear to format your text.

Step 3 : Select the required font, size and color from "Text Tools" tab.

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Step 4 : Apply Bold, Italic, and Underline if necessary.
Step 5 : Type your required text.

The Eraser
Step 1 : Select the Eraser tool.
Step 2 : Bring the on the area to be erased.
Step 3 : Press on left button of mouse and drag it over the area.

The Color Picker
The Color Picker Tool is used to sample and match any color in your picture.

It is used to copy and color one part of the drawing to another.
Step 1 : Select the Color picker tool.
Step 2 : Click on the part from where you want to copy the color.
Step 3 : Click on the part where you want this color.

The Magnifier
The Magnifier Tool is used to have a closer view of our drawings. Left click

gives a closer view and Right click is used for zooming out.

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The Tools Group

The Brush tool is used to draw freehand drawing using a colored brush.
It works similar to Pencil tool, except that the shape and size of brush can vary.
It is very similar to using a painting brush.
• Click on brush tool.
• Choose a color from the Color Box to get

a line in color.
• Click and drag the mouse to draw.
• You can also select different types of brush like(Calligraphy
brush1, brush2, Airbrush, Oil brush, Marker, Watercolor)
The calligraphy brushes are interesting. You will be able to write a letter.

Now, try the different brushes on your canvas.

Shapes Group
The Shapes group contains different shape tools.
You can use these tools for drawing pictures. Let us
look at some of the shapes that you will be using.

Line Shape : This is used to draw straight lines with different width.
• Open a Paint window. Click on Line tool.
• Move the mouse pointer to the Drawing Area.

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• Click and drag mouse to draw lines.
• We can choose width of line from the Size Box

and color from the Color Box.

Rectangle shape : This tool is used for drawing rectangle shape.

• Click on the Rectangle tool.
• Move the mouse pointer to the Drawing Area.
• Click and drag mouse to draw a rectangle.
• Choose the options from Outline and Fill.
• We can choose the width of line from the

Size Box and color from the Color Box.

Oval Shape : This tool allows us to draw circles and oval shapes. To draw a
circle, press on the Shift button while drawing.

• Click on the Oval shape.

• Move the mouse pointer to the Drawing Area.

• Click and drag the mouse to draw circles
and ovals.

• Choose the options from Outline and Fill.

• We can choose the width of line from the Size Box
and color from the Color Box.

Note:

If we make a mistake using any of these tools,
we can “undo” our action by pressing on Ctrl+Z.

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Using a Ruler or Grid
Drawing equally is not easy when you use a mouse. So, you may want to give
yourself some guidelines.

• Click on “View” tab. Then put a checkmark next to “Ruler” to see horizontal
and vertical rulers around your canvas.

• Put a check next to “Gridlines” to create a grid on your canvas. This helps
you to draw a picture with perfect scale or size.

You can turn either of these items off at any time by removing these
checkmarks.

Saving Your Drawing
You can save your work in computer with a name. You can use saved drawing
in future, too. The work you save in computer is called a file.

Follow these steps to save your drawing.

Step 1 : Click on File menu.
Step 2 : Click on Save option.
Step 3 : Save As dialog box appears.
Step 4 : Give a name to your drawing.
Step 5 : Click on Save button.

63 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4
Step 5

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Opening the saved drawing
You can see your saved drawing and change it. Follow the given steps to open
your saved drawing.

Step 1 : Click on File menu.

Step 2 : Click on Open option.

Step 3 : An Open dialog box appears.

Step 4 : Click to select your file.

Step 5 : Click on Open button.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

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Closing the Paint Program
When you have finished drawing in Paint, you can close the Paint window.

• To close the Paint, simply click on Close button on
right corner of the Title bar. You will get the following
message box.

• Click on Yes. if you wish to save the drawing; otherwise
,click on No. The Paint window will close.

OR

• Click on File Menu and Click on Exit Option.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase your productivity.
Here are some of more common ones:

• Rotate Ctrl+R

• New Canvas Ctrl+N

• Cut Ctrl+X

• Paste Ctrl+V

• Copy Ctrl+C

• Save Ctrl+S

• Delete Del

• Print Ctrl+P

• Undo Ctrl+Z

• Highlight All Ctrl+A

• Open Ctrl+O

• Redo Ctrl+Y

• Hide Toolbar Ctrl+T

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• Open Attributes Ctrl+E
• Stretch and Skew Ctrl+W
• Hide Color bar Ctrl+L

Main Points to Remember

 MS-Paint is a basic image-editing program.
 We need to type "mspaint" in Run window to use MS-Paint.
 Two main parts of MS-Paint are Ribbon and Canvas.
 We can resize the area of Canvas.
 MS-Paint window also has two types of scroll bars: Vertical and

Horizontal to see the unseen part.
 MS-Paint has two types of Colors: Color1 (Foreground) and

Color2 (Background)
 We use Polygon tool to draw closed shapes with more than 2

sides.
 Text tools is used to add text to our drawing.
 Brush tools is used to draw freehand drawing.
 We can set ruler or grid from View tab.

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EXERCISE

1. Choose and write the correct answer.
a. We need to type _____________ in Run window to open MS-Paint.
(paint/mspaint)
b. One of the main parts of Paint Window is _____________.
(scale/canvas)
c. Rotate option is available on _____________ tab.
(Home/View)
d. To fill a closed object like circle, we use _____________ color.
(foreground/background)
e. The _____________ tool is used to sample and match any color.
(foreground color/color picker)
f. We use _____________ tool to make the drawing look bigger.
(Eyeglass/Magnifier)
g. We use _____________ tool for freehand drawing. (spray/brush)

2. Write any four names of tools that you can use in
Paint.

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

3. Write down the steps of saving a drawing in
computer.

Step 1 : ______________________________________________________

Step 2 : ___________________________________________________

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Step 3 :______________________________________________________

Step 4 :______________________________________________________

Step 5 : ______________________________________________________

Lab Activities

1. Using MS Paint make greeting cards for your friends
and family members for the following occasions:
a. New Year
b. World Environment Day
c. Birthday
d. Friendship Day
e. Earth day

2. Draw a ‘Thank You’ card for your teacher in
MS Paint. The card should have the following:
a. A house
b. Two trees and others as you wish
c. ‘Thank you’ written on the top of the card

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3. Draw the given picture using several brushes in
MS-Paint.

4. Draw the given pictures in Paint using different
tools.

Suman's House My House Reena's House

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Lesson Computer Ethics

7

Computer Ethics

Ethics deals with placing “value” on acts according to whether they are “good”
or “bad”. Every society has its rules about whether certain acts are ethical or
not. These rules have been established as a result of consensus in society. They
are often written into laws.

Computers are everywhere today. They are
used at home, in businesses, and in schools.
When computers first appeared in society
at large, the absence of ethical standards
about their use and related issues caused
some problems. However, as their use
became widespread in every facet of our life,
discussions in computer ethics resulted in
some kind of a consensus.

Today, many of these rules have been formulated as laws, either national or
international. Computer crimes and computer fraud are now common terms.
There are laws against them, and everyone is responsible for knowing what
constitutes computer crime and computer fraud. Computer ethics deals with
use of computer systematically for good purposes.

Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles that handles the use of computers
systematically without causing harm to other users. It is also known as cyber
ethics or Internet ethics. It gives awareness to computer users not to use
computers for stealing, destroying, and performing other computer crimes.

Everyone is aware of the widespread uses of the internet. The popularity
and availability of the internet are increasing day by day. Today, billions of
people are connected to the internet via many devices to share information
and make the world a small place. “Cybercrimes” are committed against

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individuals or institutions to cause physical, mental, or financial harm using
telecommunication networks, such as the internet. The number of cyber-
crimes is currently increasing in Nepal.

Some of the major cybersecurity issues faced in Nepal are:

• Fake profile Marketing (Facebook)

• Identity theft

• Spam email marketing

• Cyberbullying

• Hacking

• Banking Fraud

The most massive cybersecurity issue currently is
related to social media. People are not aware of
maintaining their privacy on the internet and lack
the judgment about which information. Nepal Police
deals with cyber crimes.

Cybersecurity awareness is knowledge combined with attitudes and behaviour
that serve to protect our information assets. Here are some points that should
we should follow:

• Use strong passwords

• Use different user ID /password combinations for different accounts and
avoid writing them down.

• Make the password complicated by combining letters, numbers, and special
characters.

• Create hard-to-guess passwords, keep them private, and change them
regularly.

• Never share password to anyone.

• Avoid replying unknown and unnecessary emails.

• Do not open emails from unknown sources.

• Do not copy or click on any links attached to emails.

• Do not respond to emails asking for your personal information, password
etc.

• Be careful while communicating with people you have met online recently.

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• Add people as friends to your site only if you know them personally.
• Delete inappropriate message from your profile.
• Do not post information about your friends.
• What you post online is not private; it can be seen by everyone.
• Inform your parents, guardians or teachers about your online activity.

In the fiscal year 2018/2019 (until 13 June), 180 cases of cybercrime were
registered in Nepal, among which 125 cases were from the Kathmandu Valley
alone and 55 cases from outside the valley. This is a sharp rise compared to
the previous fiscal year when 132 cases were registered throughout the year.
(source https://ifex.org/rising-cyber-crime-cases-in-nepal/)

Main Points to Remember

 Computer crimes and computer fraud are now common terms.
 Computer ethics deals with use of computer systematically for good

purposes.
 Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles that handles the use of

computers systematically.
 The popularity and availability of the internet are increasing day by

day.
 The number of cyber-crimes is currently increasing in Nepal.
 The most massive cybersecurity issue currently is related to social

media.
 Nepal Police deals with cyber crimes.

 

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EXERCISE

1. Answer the following question.
a) What is computer ethics?

b) What is cybercrime?

c) What is cybersecurity? How can we protect our information? Give any
six points.

2. Tick (√) the correct option (MCQs):
a) What is computer privacy?

i. Keeping your personal files and data secure and secret.
ii. Keeping your computer away from everyone.

iii. Keeping someone else’s information.

b) Who is a hacker?

i. A person that tries to illegally access your computer

ii. A weapon that can damage your computer

iii. A program to protect your program

c) The biggest cybersecurity issues faced in Nepal are

i. Fake profile Marketing ii. Identity theft

iii. Banking Fraud iv. All of the above

d) We should keep our password.

i. strong ii. secret
iii. share with everyone. iv. Both (i) and (ii)

3. Fill in the blanks:
i) Computer ethics is also known as ………………..

ii) Do not open ……………………….. from unknown source.

iii) Do not copy or click on any …………… to emails.

iv) Do not post …………… about your friends.

v) Delete ……………. from your profile.

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Lesson Logical Thinking

8

How do you answer when your teacher asks any question?

You will think first, right? You remember the things, calculate
the numbers, and answer it. This is the way how we answer.
Now, we are going to learn how to solve a particular problem
logically in some steps.

Logic is a tool to solve any problem with some reasons. The
process of solving a problem using logic is called Logical
Thinking.

Logical thinking is the process of solving a problem in steps with reasons. Before
solving any problem, you need to think carefully and take necessary steps. The
steps you take must have a good reason.

Rina: Fruits are good for health. I like fruits. I want to
have fruits.
Rina's Mother: Yes, you are right. Solve the given
puzzle and have fruits. Is it OK?

There are four types of fruits: Apple, Mango, Grapes, and Orange. Today, you
can have only two types of them.

Follow the given conditions to have fruits:

Condition 1 : If you choose Apple, you cannot choose Mango.
Condition 2 : If you choose Mango, you cannot choose Grapes.
Condition 3 : If you choose Grapes, you cannot choose Orange.
Condition 4 : If you choose Orange, you cannot choose Apple.

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If Rina Chooses Other fruit she can have Reason

Apple Grapes She cannot chose
Mango from the first
condition. She cannot
chose Orange from the
third condition.

Mango

Grapes

Orange

Now, fill up the table above with suitable reasons.

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Steps of problem solving with logical thinking
Step 1 :
What is your Task?
Example problem: Find the missing number.

Step 2 :
Identify the problem:

a) GOAL
You have to find the missing number in the given series.
b) INFORMATION
A series is given in which one place is blank. First number is 0, 20, a blank

space, 60, 80 and 100.
c) CONDITION
In the given series, each number is increased by 20. 20-0=20, 80-60=20,

100-80=20
Step 3 :
Solution:
Achieve the GOAL from the given INFORMATION and following the

CONDITION.
1. Reasoning : The missing number should be greater than the previous

number. i.e 20 + 20 = 40.

2. Solving : The correct item in the series is:

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Yes, we solved the problem.
From the above example, try to solve the problem given below in the worksheet.

What comes next in the sequence below?

?

Step 1: What is your task?
____________________________________________________________________________
Step 2: Identify the problem:

a) GOAL
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

b) INFORMATION
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

c) CONDITION
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Step 3: SOLUTION
Reasoning: __________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Solution:

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Points to remember

 Logical thinking is the process of solving a problem in steps with
reasons.

 The steps you take must have a good reason.
 While identifying the problem, we need to know the Goal,

Information, and Condition.

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EXERCISE

1. Re-arrange the scrambled letters and match the
columns.

Scrambled Letters Words Items

EBATL

DCPBAOUR
FSAO
HACRI
EDB

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2. Complete the following sequences by writing the
steps as shown in the sample problem:

Sample Problem:

5, 6 , 8, 11, ?

i) Goal:
Find the 5th number in the series.

ii) Information:
In the given series, there are 4 numbers in ascending order.

iii) Condition:
5 + 1 = 6, 6 + 2 = 8, 8 + 3 = 11

iv) Reasoning:
• We add 1 to the first number and get the second number. 5+1=6
• We add 2 to the second number and get the third number. 6+2=8
• We add 3 to the third number and get the fourth number. 8+3=11
• We should add 4 to the fourth number to get the fifth number.

v) Solution:
11 + 4 = 15
Therefore, the complete series is:
5, 6, 8, 11, 15

Now, complete the series below:

a) 10, 12, 16, 22, ?

A) 24 B) 30 C) 28 D) 26

b) 25, 24, 22, 19, ?

A) 20 B) 17 C) 15 D) 16

c) 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

A) 29 B) 38 C) 32 D) 36

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3. Answer the following questions:
A) The difference of two numbers is 3. Their sum is 9. What are the two

numbers?
B) Rita has 10 pens. All of the pens are either blue or black, and there are 2

more blue pens than black pens. How many blue pens does Rita have?
C) In a box of mangoes, 5 in every 10 mangoes are spoiled. If the box has 100

mangoes, how many mangoes are spoiled?
D) How many more squares must be shaded so that the given figure has 3/4

region shaded?







E) If 'ABCD' is coded as 'BCDE' then 'LMNO' will be coded as …………….
(i)MLNO (ii) MNOP (iii) PNMO (iv) OMIP

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Lesson Fun with Logo

9

Dear Students, in the previous class, we have learnt some commands in Logo.
In this class, you will have more fun with LOGO. Before this, let us quickly revise
what we have covered so far.

Logo
Logo is an educational programming language. "Logo" is not an
acronym and derived from the Greek logos, meaning word or
"thought".

LOGO Turtle
The cursor of Logo programming language is called Logo Turtle. It has two parts:
Head and Tail.

Head
Turtle Tail

Fig. MSWLogo Main Screen with Turtle

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Logo Primitives

The commands used in LOGO are called LOGO Primitives. These Primitives
are instructions, which are followed by computer to perform a task. There are
many commands we can give to the turtle in the LOGO program.

Basic LOGO Commands

Command Work
FORWARD or FD Moves the turtle forward
BACKWARD or BK Moves the turtle backward
RIGHT or RT Turns the turtle right
LEFT or LT Turns the turtle left
CS Clear the screen
HOME Brings the turtle at the center of the screen

Basic LOGO Commands

The RIGHT or RT command turns the turtle's head towards the rightside
(in clockwise direction). The turtle needs to know the angle to turn.
Example:

RT 90

Turtle's Turtle turns
Home right by 900
Position

RT 45 RT 60 RT 90 RT 135 RT 150 RT 180

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LEFT or LT Command
The LEFT or LT command turns the turtle's head towards the left side (in anti-
clockwise direction). The turtle needs to know the angle to turn.

LT 90

Turtle's Turtle turns
Home left by 900
Position

Now, type the command RT 360 and look at the Turtle's Position.

Why the turtle is at the same position?

FORWARD or FD Command
This command is used to move the turtle forward.

FD 100

Turtle's Home position

The turtle move forward
by 100 steps and draw a
line behind.

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BACKWARD BK
This command is used to move the turtle backward.

BK 100

Turtle's Home Position

The turtle moves
backward by 100 steps
drawing a line.

From the commands, you learned in previous class, let's try out to draw the
given output:

If you can not draw FD 100
this output, you BK 100
can find the code RT 60
somewhere in this FD 100
book. BK 100
RT 60
FD 100
BK 100
RT 60
FD 100
BK 100
RT 60
FD 100
BK 100
RT 60
FD 100

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Some Rules in LOGO
• We have to write command correctly.
• The turtle ( ) will move in the direction where its head points.
• Don't forget to write steps after the command.
• Type a space between the command and the number of steps.
• Always press on Enter or click on Execute button to run your command.
• You can type either the complete command word or the short form

of the command (Eg. FORWARD or FD)

• You can type command either in capital or small letters.

Some new commands in LOGO

CLEARTEXT or CT Command
Recall List Box in Commander Window displays the list of commands we have
entered in the Command Input Box.

Recall Control
List Box Buttons

Command
Input Box

Fig. MSWLogo Commander Window

We can use either CT or CLEARTEXT command to clear all the commands
appeared in the Recall List Box.

2

All the commands are
cleared from Recall
List Box

1 Type CT

HT and ST Commands
If you want to see your output without Turtle, you can hide it. To hide the turtle from MSW Logo Screen, we use HT or HIDETURTLE command.
If you want to see the turtle again, we use ST or SHOWTURTLE command.

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HT and ST Commands

If you want to see your output without Turtle, you can hide it. To hide turtle
from MSW Logo Screen, we use HT or HIDETURTLE command.

Fig. MSWLogo Commander Window with Turtle Fig. HT command is used to hide the Turtle

If you want to see turtle again, we use ST or SHOWTURTLE command.

Fig. Turtle is shown from ST command

PU or PENUP Command

If you want to move turtle to any part of the screen without drawing line, we
can use PU or PENUP command. While this command is active, the turtle does
not draw anything on the screen.

Try the given commands in MSWLogo and see the output.

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FD 100 Output
RT 90
PU
FD 100
RT 90

PD or PENDOWN Command
To put down turtle pen on the screen, we use PD or PENDOWN command. It is
used only when you have already used PU or PENUP command. After this com-
mand, the turtle moves along by drawing a line.

Try the given commands in MSWLogo and see the output.

PE or PENERASE command

If you have to erase a line or a part of line the Turtle has drawn, we can use PE
or PENERASE command.

89 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

PPT or PENPAINT Command
The PPT or PENPAINT command is used to change from the Turtle's erase mode
to the paint mode. We must use PPT or PENPAINT command after erasing lines
using PE or PENERASE command so that Turtle again starts drawing line on the
screen.

FD 100 PE
The Turtle moves forward by 100 steps. Erase mode is ON.

BK 50 PPT
Erase mode is ON. Therefore, the Turtle Erase mode is OFF and Paint mode is ON.

moves back and erases the line by 50 steps.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4 90

RT 90 Try the given
FD 50 commands in
Paint mode is ON. Therefore, the Turtle MSWLogo and
moves right by 900 and again moves forward see the output.

by 50 steps. FD 100

PE

BK 50

PPT

RT 90

FD 50

Colours in LOGO
So far, all of our programs draw the lines in black color, right? Now, we are going
to add colors to our drawings.

LOGO has a set of 16 commonly used colors and each color is represented by a
number. You have to type colour number in LOGO commands.

Colour Colour Colour
Number Name

0 Black
1 Blue
2 Green

91 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

3 Cyan

4 Brown

5 Light Brown

6 Dark Green

7 Light Cyan

8 Red

9 Magneta

10 Yellow

11 White

12 Rose

13 Violet

14 Orange

15 Gray

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Changing the Screen Color
SET SCREEN COLOR Command
You can change the color of the screen (or background) with the SETSCREEN-

COLOR command.

SETSCREENCOLOR 2
Set the drawing area with Green color

Changing the Pen Colour

SETPENCOLOR Command
As you know, Logo's pen color

is BLACK. You can change the

color of the pen that turtle uses

to draw with the SETPENCOLOR

command. SETPENCOLOR 4
FD 100
RT 90 TTuurrttllee'sddrarwawinag raercetacntagnleglien irnedrecdoclooulorr
FD 100
RT 90
FD 100
RT 90
FD 100

93 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

SETFLOODCOLOR Command
This command sets the colour with which you can fill different closed shapes
like rectangle, circle, etc.

FILL Command
This command fills a color in a closed region of drawing area, containing the
Turtle and bounded by lines that were drawn earlier.

FD 100

RT 90

FD 100

RT 90

FD 100

RT 90

FD 100

PU

RT 90

FD 50

RT 90

FD 50 Turtle draws a rectangle and filled Magenta
SETFLOODCOLOR 5 color inside it.
FILL

Note: The turtle must be inside the rectangle

BYE Command to fill the color in red color.

The BYE command is used to exit Logo. It closes the Logo window.

Summary of important LOGO Commands

Command Work

FORWARD or FD Moves turtle forward

BACKWARD or BK Moves turtle backward

RIGHT or RT Turns turtle right

LEFT or LT Turns turtle left

CLEARSCREEN or CS Clears screen

HOME Brings turtle at the center of the screen

CLEARTEXT or CT Clears all the commands from Recall List Box

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Command Work

HIDETURTLE or HT Hides turtle

SHOWTURTLE or ST Shows turtle

PENUP or PU Deactivates turtle's pen

PENDOWN or PD Reactivates turtle's pen

PENERASE or PE Erases a line or part of a line

PENPAINT or PPT Changes Turtle's erase mode to paint

mode

SETSCREENCOLOR Changes the color of the screen

SETPENCOLOR Changes turtle's pen color

SETFLOODCOLOR Sets the color to fill closed shapes

FILL Fills with color in a closed shape

95 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

Points to remember

 "Logo" is not an acronym and derived from the Greek logos, meaning
word or "thought".

 We can draw different shapes in LOGO by moving Turtle.

 Logo commands are also called primitives.

 The commands can be typed either in small or capital letters.

 HT and ST commands are used to hide and show turtle whenever
needed.

 Turtle can draw even when it is hidden.

 PU or PENUP command allows turtle to move without drawing.

 After using PU or PENUP command, we have to use PD or PENDOWN
command to make turtle put its pen down and start drawing as it
moves.

 PE or PENERASE command gives eraser to turtle and it starts erasing
while moving.

 PPT or PENPAINT command should be used to change turtle's erase
mode into paint mode.

 SETSCREENCOLOR changes the background color of the drawing area
and SETPENCOLOR changes the turtle's pen color.

 SETFLOODCOLOR and FILL commands are used to set and fill a color
in a closed shape.

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EXERCISE

1. Fill in the blanks using the given words:
[CS ST PPT PU PE]

a) The …………………….. command changes turtle's erase mode into paint
mode.

b) The …………………….. command shows the hidden turtle.
c) The …………………….. command lets the turtle moves without drawing.
d) The …………………….. command erases a line or part of a line.
e) The …………………….. command clears all the drawing on the screen.

2. Tick ( ) the correct option:

a) Which command is used to erase mistake in Logo?

i. PD ii. PE iii. PU iv. PPT

b) To draw again, …………………….. command is used after using
PENERASE command.

i. PD ii. HT iii. PENUP iv. PPT

c) The PPT command stands for ……………………..

i. PENPOINT ii. PENPAINT iii. PAINTPEN iv. POINTPEN

d) The …………………….. command changes turtle's pen colour.

i. SETSCREENCOLOR ii. SETPENCOLOR iii. SETFLOODCOLOR

iv. PENPAINT

e) The …………………….. key executes the command.

i. CTRL ii. SHIFT iii. ALT iv. ENTER

97 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

3. Match the following.

Group "A" Group "B"

a) Logo i) Erases a line or a part of a line
b) BYE ii) Erases everything on screen
c) CS iii) Moves turtle backward
d) PE iv) thought
e) BK v) Exit Logo

Group "A" Group "B"

a) i) Color Code 5

b) ii) Color Code 8

c) iii) Color Code 2

d) iv) Color Code 4

e) v) Color Code 6

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4. Complete the missing letters.
a) To move turtle without drawing a line.
_____ E_____ _____ _____
b) To hide turtle.
_____I_____ _____ _____U_____ _____ _____ _____
c) To close the Logo window.
_____ _____E
d) Moves turtle forward
_____O_____ _____A_____ _____
e) Turns turtle right
_____I_____ _____ _____

5. Write down the full form of the following command
shortcuts:

a) BK _____ _____ _____ _____
b) LT _____ _____ _____ _____
c) PU _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d) PD _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e) PPT _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f) PE _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g) CS _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
_____ _____
h) CT _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
i) HT _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
_____

99 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 4

6. Write down the acronym (short form) of the
following commands inside the box:

a) PENERASE b) CLEARTEXT

c) PENUP d) PENDOWN

e) CLEARSCREEN f) SHOWTURTLE

Creative Zone

1. Write the Logo commands to do the following
tasks:

a) Make turtle turn right by 75° and RT 75 FD 30
then move 30 units forward.

b) Make turtle turn left by 90° and then
move 50 units backward.

c) Move turtle 50 units forward without
drawing a line.

d) Move turtle 50 units forward then
move forward 20 units without drawing
a line.

e) Move turtle 100 units backward then
erase the 50 units of the line.

f) Move turtle 50 units forward without
drawing a line, turn right and then
draw a line 50 units forward.

2. Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of the
hints given below:

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